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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (220)
  • 2000-2004  (220)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (220)
  • Leiden : Brill
  • Science and Technology  (220)
Datasource
Material
Years
Year
  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 77 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/04
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: This paper shows that China is catching up rapidly with other dynamic Asian economies and the Triad economies on a score of indicators relating to the knowledge-based economy. Taking into account that a number of measurement issues hamper international comparability to varying degrees, some of the main results are the following. • Economic growth in China has outpaced the other economies substantially. Nevertheless, GDP per capita is still considerably smaller than that of the other economies. • The main contributor to GDP in China is industry (mining; manufacturing; electricity, gas and water supply; and construction), which saw its share rise by 10 percentage points to 52% between 1990 and 2002. • Trade in goods as a percentage of GDP doubled between 1990 and 2002, reaching a level well above that of the Triad economies. The largest contribution to this expansion was made by...
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264100701
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Eliminer la paperasserie
    Series Statement: Éliminer la paperasserie
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. From Red Tape to Smart Tape; Administrative Simplification in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: « L’excès de paperasserie » est l’un des griefs les plus souvent formulés par les entreprises et les citoyens dans les pays de l’OCDE. Ce rapport montre, à travers un ensemble d’instruments et de pratiques fréquemment utilisés, comment des conceptions novatrices et l’utilisation judicieuse des technologies de l'information dans de nombreux domaines débouchent sur de nouvelles approches plus efficaces en matière de réglementation administrative.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264007031
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Bulgaria 2004; Science, Research and Technology
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Dans chaque pays, petit ou grand, la science et la technologie (S-T) revêtent une importance primordiale dans l’instauration d’une économie basée sur le savoir. Dans les pays appartenant au peloton de tête, la S-T porte ses fruits quand elle est induite par des politiques scientifiques favorisant les programmes à long terme. Et ces programmes sont étroitement liés à une maîtrise anticipative des coûts budgétaires. En Bulgarie, le secteur des sciences et de la technologie reflète bon nombre des difficultés économiques et sociales que rencontre le pays dans son ensemble. Il souffre d’un manque chronique de moyens financiers et a mis du temps à moderniser son appareil de recherche fondamentale. Faute d’une politique cohérente à long terme dans le domaine scientifique et technologique, ces insuffisances se trouvent accentuées. Malgré ces lacunes, l’examen montre que la Bulgarie possède le potentiel humain et scientifique nécessaire à la mise en place d’un système efficace de S-T qui peut considérablement contribuer au développement économique national. Cet examen présente un panorama du secteur de la S-T en Bulgarie et de ses liens avec l’enseignement. Il traite de divers thèmes au nombre desquels : La législation. Les mécanismes institutionnels mis en place dans le domaine de la recherche et de l’enseignement, notamment à travers les exemples de l’Académie bulgare des sciences et des établissements d’enseignement supérieur. Les mécanismes de budgétisation. La coopération régionale et internationale, et notamment les initiatives de l’Union européenne. L’impact de la fuite des cerveaux et du vieillissement sur les ressources humaines. Un échantillon d’études de cas et de pratiques exemplaires en matière de politique de S-T sert à illustrer l’analyse. Le dernier chapitre comprend une série de recommandations. Cet examen sera utile aux décideurs publics ainsi qu’aux professionnels du monde entier. Cette étude s'inscrit dans le cadre des relations de coopération que l'OCDE entretient avec les économies non membres à travers le monde.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264101203
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur l'administration électronique
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The e-Government Imperative
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; E-Government
    Abstract: L'avènement de la société de l'information a modifié les attentes des citoyens, les structures et les cultures organisationnelles. Les pouvoirs publics suivent le mouvement et adoptent les outils et les pratiques de travail de la société de l'information pour demeurer en mesure de faire face aux besoins des citoyens et pouvoir tirer les pleins bénéfices de l’administration électronique. Les initiatives en matière d’administration électronique recentrent l’attention sur plusieurs questions : comment les institutions peuvent-elles collaborer plus efficacement entre elles pour essayer de résoudre des problèmes communs? Comment cibler davantage l’usager et comment tisser des liens avec des partenaires du secteur privé ?
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105959
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Access Pricing in Telecommunications
    Keywords: Competition ; Telecommunication policy Economic aspects ; Telecommunication Rates ; Law and legislation ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Telekommunikationswirtschaft ; Telekommunikationsdienst ; Preisbildung
    Abstract: Ce rapport aborde une question qui se pose dans pratiquement tous les secteurs de services aux collectivités, à savoir la réglementation de l’accès à des installations essentielles. Les régulateurs des industries d’équipements collectifs publics se heurtent à un problème crucial : la réglementation des termes et conditions dans lesquels des entreprises en concurrence ont accès à des intrants clés fournis par des concurrents. Le développement de la concurrence et le succès de la libéralisation dépendent souvent des termes de l’accès et des conditions choisies, aussi les pouvoirs publics sont-ils soucieux de faire le bon choix. Préparé par le comité de la concurrence de l’OCDE, ce rapport traite du secteur des télécommunications et cherche à approfondir la compréhension de la réglementation de l’accès. Les problèmes d’accès ne sont pas des plus faciles pour les autorités de tutelle et les responsables de la politique de la concurrence : ils peuvent en effet être techniquement délicats et donner lieu à des polémiques retentissantes sur le plan pratique. En abordant la question sous ces deux angles, ce rapport cherche à aider les autorités de tutelle et les pouvoirs publics à tirer les leçons de l’expérience de l’OCDE pour obtenir des résultats efficients et compétitifs.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107755
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Security Economy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Alors que le marché des biens et services de sécurité a connu un développement massif depuis les attentats du 9 septembre 2001, cette étude examine les coûts que pourraient avoir des perturbations majeures, les arbitrages entre une plus grande sécurité et l’efficience économique et les conséquences du renforcement de la surveillance du point de vue de la vie privée et des libertés démocratiques.
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  • 7
    Language: French
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.86
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. ICT, E-Business and Small and Medium Enterprises
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Les moyens de connexion (PC et Internet) aux technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) sont très largement répandus dans les entreprises de toutes tailles. Comme c’est le cas pour toutes les technologies, les petites entreprises adoptent les nouvelles TIC moins rapidement que les grandes. Les considérations commerciales et les résultats attendus sont les principaux facteurs qui déterminent l’adoption et l’utilisation profitable des TIC par les petites entreprises. Les principales raisons pour ne pas franchir le pas sont l’absence de possibilités d’exploitation et le peu de motivation à changer de mode de fonctionnement lorsque les avantages escomptés ne sont pas évidents.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264299429
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Quellen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums in den OECD-Ländern
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Die Quellen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums in den OECD-Ländern
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage nous aide à comprendre les causes des disparités de la croissance d’un pays de l'OCDE à l’autre au cours des vingt dernières années en mettant en évidence et en analysant les facteurs qui les sous-tendent. Tout au long des années 90 et depuis le début de la décennie actuelle, l’évolution de la croissance n’a cessé de balayer les idées reçues. Durant la majeure partie de l’après-guerre, les pays dont le PIB par habitant était relativement faible ont connu une croissance plus rapide que les pays plus riches. Ce schéma est toutefois devenu obsolète à la fin des années 90, lorsque les États-Unis se sont nettement détachés des autres pays. Cette publication donne un aperçu complet des moteurs de la croissance dans la zone OCDE et explique dans quelle mesure les disparités observées sont à rapprocher de facteurs tels que les nouvelles technologies et la R&D, la politique macroéconomique, l’éducation et la formation, la flexibilité du marché du travail, la concurrence sur les marchés de produits et les obstacles à la création d’entreprises ou à leur disparition.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264100282
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial; premiers résultats
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial: premiers résultats
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Knowledge management involves any activity related to the capture, use and sharing of knowledge by an organisation. Evidence shows that these practices are being used more and more frequently and that their impact on innovation and other aspects of corporate performance is far from negligible. Today, there is a recognition of the need to understand and to measure the activity of knowledge management so that organisations can be more efficient and governments can develop policies to promote these benefits. This book offers a synthetic view of the results of the first systematic international survey on knowledge management carried out by national statistical offices in Canada, Denmark, France and Germany.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264026780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The economic impact of ICT
    DDC: 658.4038
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Produktivität ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung ; OECD ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung
    Abstract: Information and communications technology (ICT) has become a key driver of economic growth over the past decade. The rapid diffusion of the Internet, of mobile telephony and of broadband networks all demonstrate how pervasive this technology has become. But how precisely does ICT affect economic growth and the efficiency of firms? And how well can these effects be measured? This report provides an overview of the economic impact of ICT on economic performance, and the ways through which it can be measured. Using available OECD data, the first part of the book examines the available measures of ICT diffusion, the role and impact of ICT investment and the role of ICT-using and ICT-producing sectors in overall economic performance. The second part of the book offers nine studies for OECD countries, based on detailed firm-level data and prepared by researchers and statisticians from a wide range of OECD countries. These studies use a variety of methods and provide detailed insights on the effects of ICT in individual countries.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 84 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.79
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The business services examined in this study include software and information services, R&D and technical services, advertising and marketing, business consulting, recruitment and human resource development services. Digital delivery includes contracted out electronically mediated services supply (outsourcing) and digitally facilitated distributed work within firms, in which business services inputs are supplied electronically to support the business activities of firms. Digital delivery allows business services suppliers to combine richness and reach (i.e. to combine greater market reach with the ability to engage in richer interactions with clients). Business services activities are a significant and growing part of all OECD economies. Services are often dominated by small firms, although there are large players in most market segments. Demand for business services is strongly pro-cyclical. Innovation and high levels of competition counter market dynamics leading to concentration. Hence, new players emerge and there is considerable churn among market leaders.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 72 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.80
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: As the development of broadband access builds momentum, policy makers are increasingly turning their attention to the availability of these services in rural and remote areas.
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/10
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper presents the main trends in respect of the supply of human resources in science and technology (HRST) in Latin America and the international mobility of its highly skilled labour. This will be done through the identification of potential data sources, followed by a presentation of indicators drawn from these sources. In addition, a short section is devoted to the main policy aspects surrounding these issues. The section on policy issues will show that the main South American countries have in common a lack of strong or efficient policies for the migration of highly skilled human resources, although in recent years important changes have occurred in some of the countries of the region. Available information sources on highly skilled labour and international mobility in South American countries are similar to those from OECD countries as far as the main types of collected data is concerned. Potential sources are labour force surveys, population ...
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.78
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Note de synthèse pour l'atelier de l'OCDE sur le spam
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This background paper has been prepared to provide a broad overview of the issues associated with spam as information for participants at the OECD Workshop on Spam, to be held at the European Commission on 2-3 February 2004.
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  • 15
    Language: French
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.78
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Background Paper for the OECD Workshop on Spam
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Ce document a été rédigé pour fournir des informations de référence aux participants à l’atelier de l’OCDE sur le spam qui se tiendra à Bruxelles les 2 et 3 février 2004. Il contient une étude liminaire des problèmes provoqués par le spam ou qui lui sont associés. Il cherche à définir ses caractéristiques, les raisons pour lesquelles il est en expansion et plusieurs des problèmes qu’il soulève, à savoir : les coûts qu’il induit, son impact sur les infrastructures et marchés de communication, les atteintes à la vie privée et le vol d’informations commerciales, son contenu, et les questions de sécurité du réseau et de protection du consommateur. Le document a aussi pour objectif de présenter un panorama des mesures prises par les pays Membres dans ce domaine afin de faciliter l’échange d’informations quant à l’effet des différentes solutions mises en oeuvre. Enfin, il a pour ambition de servir de base à d’autres débats et échanges de renseignements entre les pays Membres afin de lutter contre le spam au niveau national et international.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264065819
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks; Towards a Culture of Security
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Richtlinien für die Sicherheit von Informationssystemen und -Netzen; Auf dem Weg zu einer Sicherheitskultur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee guida dell'OCSE sulla sicurezza dei sistemi e delle reti d'informazione; Verso una cultura della sicurezza
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD;s riktlinjer för säkerheten i informationssystem och nät; På väg mot en säkerhetskultur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Richtlinien für die Sicherheit von Informationssystemen und -Netzen: Auf dem Weg zu einer Sicherheitskultur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee guida dell'OCSE sulla sicurezza dei sistemi e delle reti d'informazione: Verso una cultura della sicurezza
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD:s riktlinjer för säkerheten i informationssystem och nät: På väg mot en säkerhetskultur
    Keywords: Science and Technology
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264065833
    Language: Swedish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks; Towards a Culture of Security
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Richtlinien für die Sicherheit von Informationssystemen und -Netzen; Auf dem Weg zu einer Sicherheitskultur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directrices de la OCDE para la seguridad de sistemas y redes de información ; Hacia una cultura de seguridad
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee guida dell'OCSE sulla sicurezza dei sistemi e delle reti d'informazione; Verso una cultura della sicurezza
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Richtlinien für die Sicherheit von Informationssystemen und -Netzen: Auf dem Weg zu einer Sicherheitskultur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directrices de la OCDE para la seguridad de sistemas y redes de información : Hacia una cultura de seguridad
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee guida dell'OCSE sulla sicurezza dei sistemi e delle reti d'informazione: Verso una cultura della sicurezza
    Keywords: Science and Technology
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264020412
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding Economic Growth; A Macro-level, Industry-level, and Firm-level Perspective
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?; Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico; Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding Economic Growth: A Macro-level, Industry-level, and Firm-level Perspective
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?: Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico: Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Particulièrement riche en données factuelles et chiffrées, cet ouvrage est un instrument très précieux d’analyse de la croissance économique dans les pays de l'OCDE. Il examine le profil de croissance des pays de l'OCDE cette dernière décennie et identifie les facteurs fondamentaux de la croissance. Il montre en quoi (et pourquoi) les réactions de chaque économie diffèrent face à l’évolution de ces facteurs. L’ouvrage étudie la croissance au niveau macroéconomique, au niveau sectoriel et au niveau de l’entreprise. Il analyse également la contribution des technologies de l’information (TI) à chacun de ces niveaux.Étayé par plus de 50 tableaux et graphiques, l’ouvrage permet de mieux comprendre la véritable nature de la croissance économique. En 2000, à l’apogée de la nouvelle économie, on encensait les TI qui, croyait-on, transformeraient radicalement les économies de l'OCDE et auraient des effets bénéfiques considérables. Mais le récent ralentissement économique a détruit plusieurs des mythes qu’avaient suscités les TI. Quelle est la véritable contribution des TI à la croissance économique ? Comprendre la croissance économique traite de ces questions en profondeur et apporte un nouvel éclairage sur la croissance économique. Dans une nouvelle présentation agréable, l’ouvrage est une introduction idéale pour comprendre la genèse de la croissance économique. Il intéressera un large public d’économistes et d’étudiants en économie. Pour en savoir plus : Les Sources de la croissance économique dans les pays de l’OCDE (2003) et Les TIC et la croissance économique : panorama des industries, des entreprises et des pays de l'OCDE (2003).
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/07
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; India
    Abstract: This paper provides estimates of the stocks and flows of human resources in science and technology (HRST) in India, and their breakdown by education and occupation. Furthermore, the paper provides estimates of the number of highly skilled people moving to India and out of India during the 1990s, mainly to the United States. This part of the study also includes a brief, critical overview of Indian concerns on policy matters pertaining to various forms of migration of highly skilled professionals. Regarding the stocks of highly skilled people in India, the paper estimates that in 1991, between 13 and 16 million people in India could be classified as HRST because of their qualification, a number which had grown to approximately 25 million in 2000. When expressed as a percentage of the population aged 15-64, this meant an increase of more than one percentage point, from between 2.5% and 3% in 1991 to just over 4% in 2000. In 1991, 10.2 million people could be categorised as HRST because ...
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.84
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Domain Name System’s need to have unique identifiers, and a consequent need for there to be a single registry for each name, means that any registry can exercise a degree of monopoly power over the domain for which it has responsibility.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107748
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie de la sécurité
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: With the market for security goods and services having expanded rapidly since 9/11, this study examines the potential costs of major disruptions, the trade-offs between tighter security and economic efficiency, and the implications of tighter security for privacy and other democratic liberties.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.101
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Technologies fondées sur la biométrie
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report is intended to provide an understanding of the benefits and limitations of biometric-based technologies. It also includes information on existing privacy and security methodologies for assessing biometrics.
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.86
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les TIC, le commerce électronique et les PME
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) connectivity (PCs and Internet) is very widespread in businesses of all sizes. As is the case with all technologies, small businesses are slower than large ones to adopt new ICTs. Commercial considerations and potential returns are the principal drivers of small business adoption and profitable use. Principal reasons for non-adoption are lack of applicability and little incentive to change business models when returns are unclear. SMEs also face generic barriers to adoption including trust and transaction security and IPR concerns, and challenges in areas of management skills, technological capabilities, productivity and competitiveness.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 255 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/09
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This handbook reviews the methods employed in price indexes to adjust for quality change: “conventional” quality adjustment methods, which are explained in Chapter II, and hedonic price indexes (Chapter III). Hedonic indexes have a prominent place in price indexes for information and communication technology (ICT) products in several OECD countries, and are also used for measuring prices for some other goods and services, notably housing. The handbook’s objective is to contribute to a better understanding of the merits and shortcomings of conventional and hedonic methods, and to provide an analytic basis for choosing among them. This handbook compares and contrasts the logic and statistical properties of hedonic methods and conventional methods and the results of employing them in different circumstances. In Chapter IV, it reviews empirical evidence on the difference that alternative methods make in practice, and offers an evaluation framework for determining which is better. In ...
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.82
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The number of people logged on simultaneously to popular file sharing networks approached close to 10 million in April 2004, a rise of 30% from the same period a year earlier, according to this new OECD report.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/06
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper describes the results of two specific primary surveys, one of IT professionals in the city of Bangalore and their role in making the city a corridor for international mobility of Indian professionals, and the second survey of health professionals (doctors and nurses) in the city of New Delhi. In these surveys, highly skilled Indians were asked about their motivations for emigrating, their experiences abroad, their reasons for coming back to India and their perception of their current situation. These surveys were carried out as a supplement to a study on estimating the stocks, flows and international mobility of human resources in science and technology (HRST) in India. The results of that work are reported in STI Working Paper 2004/7 (Khadria 2004.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264026186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compendium statistique 2004 de la science et de la technologie
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The S&T Statistical Compendium 2004 was prepared for the January 2004 meeting of the Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy (CSTP) at Ministerial level and mainly draws on databases, indicators and methodology developed by the CSTP’s Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators (NESTI) Working Party, and compiled by the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI). It presents a wide selection of the most policy-relevant and internationally comparable indicators currently available in the field of science and technology. The document looks at the state of science and technology in the OECD across four broad dimensions:• Section A: Innovation and R&D.• Section B: Human Resources in Science and Technology (HRST).• Section C: Patents.• Section D: Other areas (ICT, globalisation, industrial structure).
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264032989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The report reviews progress on the availability of broadband access across the OECD area. It particularly focuses on benchmarking digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable modem expansion and availability, as well as the emergence of broadband wireless as a platform to provide low-cost high-performance access networks in rural and remote areas. The paper finds that DSL availability is proceeding apace, with around three-quarters of existing subscriber lines being able to provide service by 2003. Cable networks pass 58% of households with just under three-quarters of those networks having been upgraded for broadband access. The paper also explores the increasing capabilities of wireless...
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264019171
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les sources de la croissance économique dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Die in den neunziger Jahren und auch noch zu Beginn dieses Jahrzehnts beobachteten Wachstumsmuster haben die früheren Theorien auf den Kopf gestellt. Während des größten Teils der Nachkriegszeit wurde in den OECD-Ländern mit vergleichsweise geringem Pro-Kopf-BIP ein stärkeres Wirtschaftswachstum verzeichnet als in den reicheren Ländern. In den neunziger Jahren wurde diese scheinbare Gesetzmäßigkeit dann aber durchbrochen. Namentlich die Vereinigten Staaten, deren Pro-Kopf-BIP im Vergleich zu den anderen großen Volkswirtschaften bereits relativ hoch war, konnten ihren Vorsprung ab Mitte der neunziger Jahre weiter vergrößern. Die Wirtschaftsleistung der meisten kontinentaleuropäischen Länder ist demgegenüber nach wie vor schwach, und die japanische Wirtschaft stagniert weiterhin. Wo liegen die Hauptursachen für die Wachstumsunterschiede innerhalb der OECD? Bis zu welchem Grad sind sie auf neue Technologien und FuE zurückzuführen? Welche Rolle spielt die makroökonomische Politik? Wie wichtig sind Aus- und Weiterbildung? Welchen Einfluss haben Arbeitslosigkeit, Arbeitsmarktflexibilität und Produktmarktwettbewerb? Führen Startups dem Markt Kapital und neue Ideen zu? Welche Bedeutung haben die Hemmnisse für Unternehmensgründungen und ‑aufgaben? Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über diese Fragen und liefert neue Erkenntnisse über die Antriebskräfte des Wirtschaftswachstums in den OECD-Ländern.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264026698
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Science and Technology Statistical Compendium 2004
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Le Compendium statistique 2004 de la science et de la technologie, établi pour la réunion au niveau Ministériel du Comité de la politique scientifique et technologique (CPST) de 2004, s’appuie sur les bases de données, les indicateurs et les méthodologies développés au sein du Groupe de travail des experts nationaux sur les indicateurs de science et de technologie (GENIST), et gérés par la Direction de la science, de la technologie et de l’industrie (DSTI). Il présente une large gamme d’indicateurs les plus pertinents pour les politiques et comparables au niveau international, disponibles à ce jour dans le domaine de la science et la technologie. Le compendium porte sur l’état de la science et la technologique dans la zone OCDE à travers quatre grands axes :• Section A : Innovation et R-D.• Section B : Ressources humaines consacrées à la science et à la technologie (RHST).• Section C : Brevets.• Section D : Autres domaines (TIC, mondialisation, structure industrielle).
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 69 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.85
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper analyses the development of third-generation mobile services (3G) in OECD countries. A brief description of the definition of 3G and its migration path is followed by an analysis of the benefits and shortcomings of 3G services. The paper further examines regulatory issues raised by 3G development and recent market developments including pricing issues. Finally, the paper undertakes a comparative analysis of 3G with wireless LANs and other alternative wireless technologies.
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/05
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: US plant level studies show US multinational enterprises (MNE) are more productive than other MNEs. This could reflect US productivity leadership or could be due to the ease in which US firms operate in their home surroundings. The evidence would therefore be more compelling if US firms were leaders outside the US. We study the productivity of plants owned by US firms located in the UK. Our study differs from many studies of foreign owned plants in three ways. Firstly, using a newly available dataset we can identify not only foreign but also domestic MNEs. We find that UK MNEs are less productive than US owned plants, but as productive as non US foreign owned plants. Secondly, having a panel dataset we distinguish between different hypotheses regarding the nature of the US and MNE advantage. We find strong evidence that the US advantage lies in the ability to takeover already productive plants. Whereas we find some evidence for a shared asset effect for MNEs in general we do not find any evidence that the US advantage is driven by superior shares assets. Thirdly, this paper features a novel approach to TFP calculation.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This study presents evidence on firm entry and exit, growth and survival derived with new data from Eurostat, covering nine European Union member countries. One contribution of the study is an analysis of the role of data quality for studies of firm demographics. Confronting results obtained with the Eurostat data with those of a previous OECD cross-country firm-level data project reveals that different size thresholds and difficulties in distinguishing genuine firm entry and exit from mergers & acquisitions, ownership changes or changes in legal form can have sizeable impacts on results. Cross-country differences in firm entry and exit rates are analysed with a special emphasis on detailed information and communication technology (ICT) related sectors, which has not been possible with previously available cross-country data. After controlling for some basic factors, such as countries’ industry composition, crosscountry differences in entry and exit rates in mature sectors turn out ...
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Building on an earlier study of patterns on firm entry, exit growth and survival based on new data from Eurostat covering nine European Union member countries (Brandt, 2004), this paper takes a closer look at the role of policies and institutions for firm entry and survival and at the link between new firm creation and economic performance. The earlier study revealed that firm entry rates, i.e. the number of new firms in a market in relation to all active enterprises, were particularly high in Information and Communication (ICT) related industries in recent years. This lends some support to the idea present in some theories of economic growth that new firms are important for the development and implementation of new technologies. This paper takes a closer look at the relationship between firm entry and economic performance. Results reveals that high rates of firm entry tend to coincide with rapid productivity, output and employment growth, especially in the ICT related services ...
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264026728
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Few systematic economic evaluations have been carried out on patent system to better inform policy choices. This report, which covers a range of areas, and highlights some issues that policy makers should address in the near future, including markets for technology, patenting by public reserach organisations, biotechnology, and software and services.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264020344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'espace à l'horizon 2030 ; quel avenir pour les applications spatiales ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'espace à l'horizon 2030 : quel avenir pour les applications spatiales ?
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Since the launch of Sputnik in 1957, media attention has focused almost exclusively on spectacular space missions. However, space actors have also faced their fair share of setbacks: the Columbia tragedy, extravagant cost overruns and painful reductions in public support to space ventures.Over the years, advances in space technologies have led to the development of increasingly sophisticated military and civil space assets. Where is the space sector heading now? What are the obstacles to its further development? What are its future prospects? What are the applications that are likely to be successful in the future? To answer these questions, this report adopted a scenario-based approach to explore the future evolution of major components of the space sector (military space, civil space, commercial space) over the next thirty years. It covers four major factors of change: geopolitical developments, socio-economic developments, energy and the environment, technology. "Outstanding review, especially useful for the three sophisticated scenarios, useful to many futurists." Future Survey, August 2004.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264007024
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Bulgarie 2004 ; Science, recherche et technologie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Bulgarie 2004 : Science, recherche et technologie
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Reviews of national policies for education, Bulgaria
    DDC: 509/.499
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Forschungsfinanzierung ; Forschungskooperation ; Brain Drain ; Humankapital ; Bulgarien ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: This review presents an overview of the S&T sector in Bulgaria and its links to education. Topics covered include the legislative framework; institutional arrangements for research and teaching; budgeting mechanisms; regional and international co-operation including EU policy initiatives; and the impact of brain drain and ageing on human resources. Sample case studies and best practices in S&T policy-making are provided to illustrate the analysis. The final chapter includes a series of recommendations.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 110 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/08
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document reflects recent efforts made by the OECD to obtain an accurate assessment of the current state of biotechnology statistics in OECD member and observer countries. It is an update of the original document, which was released in 2000. The inventory was prepared by Brigitte van Beuzekom of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, and benefited from contributions of the delegates involved in the OECD Ad hoc Meeting on Biotechnology Statistics. Comments are welcome and should be sent by e-mail to Brigitte van Beuzekom [e-mail: brigitte.vanbeuzekomoecd.org] ...
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.83
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Digital technologies and the diffusion of new transmission technologies have increased the number of platforms capable of providing video transmission, and have also altered the traditional characteristics of broadcasting.
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.81
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report on anti-spam legislation in OECD non-member countries was originally prepared for the Brussels OECD Workshop on Spam and was updated following the workshop to include more non-member country information in April 2004.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/02
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Patent indicators – within the science and technology (S&T) context – are used to measure inventive performance, diffusion of knowledge and internationalisation of innovative activities – across countries, firms, industries, technology areas, etc. A common approach is to calculate patent indicators based on information (filings, grants, etc.) from a particular patent office. While the richness and strength of those indicators are broadly recognised, they are affected by “home” advantage bias – where proportionate to their inventive activity, domestic applicants tend to file more patents in their home country compared to foreign applicants. Patents taken in various countries to protect inventions can be linked together to build triadic patent families: a set of patents taken at the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japanese Patent Office (JPO), and the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) that share one or more priorities. Patent families are derived from priority application ...
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264019331
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (165 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre la croissance économique ; Analyse au niveau macroéconomique, au niveau sectoriel et au niveau de l'entreprise
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?; Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico; Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre la croissance économique : Analyse au niveau macroéconomique, au niveau sectoriel et au niveau de l'entreprise
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?: Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico: Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: This book is a unique tool providing facts, figures and analysis of economic growth in OECD countries. The analysis focuses on the growth patterns of OECD countries during the last decade and identifies the fundamental drivers of growth. It also looks at how and why countries react differently to these drivers. It examines growth at the macro-economic level, industry level and firm level and also analyses the contribution of information technology (IT) at each of these levels. Packed with over 50 tables and figures, the book provides unique data to better understand the reality of economic growth.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108783
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: Biological Resource Management in Agriculture
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 631.5
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book discusses the often diverging risks and opportunities associated with genetically engineered organisms in terms of the environment, food safety, and economics and trade. These issues were raised at the OECD Workshop on Challenges and Risks of GMOs - What Risk Analysis is Appropriate? Options for Future Policy Making Towards Integrated Agro-Food Systems, held in Maastricht, Netherlands, in July 2003. Discussions also covered the relevant WTO Agreements and their relationship with other multilateral accords as well as regional and national approaches.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015272
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338/.064
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This publication presents a collection of the policy-oriented empirical studies and stakeholders' views designed to show how patent regimes can contribute more efficiently to innovation and economic performance. Topics covered include the links between patents and economic performance, changes in patent regimes, patents and entrepreneurship, patents and diffusion of technology, IPR for software and technology, and current and future policy challenges.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105942
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La tarification de l'accès dans le secteur des télécommunications
    DDC: 384
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report addresses an issue which arises in virtually every public utility industry – the regulation of access to essential facilities. The regulation of the terms and conditions under which competing firms have access to essential inputs provided by rivals has become the single biggest issue facing regulators of public utility industries. Development of competition and the success of liberalisation often depend on the access terms and conditions chosen, and public policy interest in getting these terms and conditions right is important. Prepared by the OECD’s Competition Committee, this report focuses on the telecommunications industry and seeks to deepen the understanding of access regulation. Access issues are not easy issues for regulators and competition policy-makers - they can be both difficult technically and the source of noisy disputes in practice. By bringing together theory and practice, this report seeks to help regulators and policy-makers learn from OECD experience to achieve efficient and competitive outcomes.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264019492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promesses et limites de la démocratie électronique ; les défis de la participation citoyenne en ligne
    DDC: 323/.042/02854678
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; Demokratie ; Politische Beteiligung ; World Wide Web
    Abstract: This book highlights policy lessons in using ICTs to provide information, opportunities for consultation and public participation in policy-making. It includes numerous examples of current practice from 12 OECD member countries (Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Sweden, UK) as well as the European Commission. It does not deal with online service delivery nor with ICT applications to elections (e.g. e-voting) although some of the issues discussed here, such as providing information online, may be relevant for both. Finally, the book suggests 10 guiding principles for successful online consultation and identifies five key challenges for online citizen engagement in policy-making.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/11
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Sweden
    Abstract: Sweden has one of the highest levels of private equity investment as a share of GDP among OECD countries. However, its strength lies in later-stage investments, financed primarily by foreign investors. This reflects an industrial structure based on large manufacturing conglomerates. A lack of entrepreneurial demand and equity-related management expertise hinder the growth of the domestic venture capital industry. The Swedish government is now considering a set of changes to its regulatory and fiscal system to better target the needs of small, technology-based firms. Removing quantitative restrictions on institutional investors, lowering tax rates, and restructuring equity programmes are necessary steps. This paper analyses trends in Swedish venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.74
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the development of local loop unbundling in the OECD. It examines policies for unbundling, progress in achieving unbundling, and collocation and pricing policies for unbundling.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Despite high levels of private equity financing in the United Kingdom, relatively little funding is reaching small, technology-based companies. Institutional investors, both domestic and foreign, remain focused on later-stage deals. The United Kingdom has implemented several policy initiatives to improve the access of small firms to equity financing, including generous tax incentives and support for business angel networks. However, problems persist in targeting financing to smaller enterprises, start-ups and outlying regions. A new policy approach, which follows the example of the United States, has recently been introduced. This combines government equity with private sector management to leverage private financing for small deal sizes and also eases rules on institutional investors. This paper analyses trends in UK venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/17
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Norway
    Abstract: The Norwegian venture capital market is oriented towards expansion investments in traditional sectors and suffers from a lack of private risk capital as well as of entrepreneurial demand. Norway needs to increase the entry of innovative start-ups in order to diversify the economy beyond its resource-based sectors. In addition to reducing its dominant role in providing venture capital through privatisation of SND Invest, the government should further privatise industrial holdings, reduce quantitative restrictions on institutional investors, and remove the wealth tax which deters venture investing. This paper analyses trends in Norwegian venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264101319
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. ICT and Economic Growth; Evidence from OECD countries, industries and firms
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. ICT and Economic Growth: Evidence from OECD countries, industries and firms
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: En 2000, au plus fort de la nouvelle économie, les TIC était acclamées comme la technologie qui allait révolutionner l’économie des pays de l’OCDE et leur apporter d’innombrables bienfaits. Le coup de frein qui a suivi a fait voler en éclats un certain nombre d’idées fausses sur les TIC : les cycles économiques ne sont pas finis ; les valorisations boursières doivent en effet s’appuyer sur les bénéfices ; et non, le secteur des TIC n’est pas à l’abri des crises. Pour autant il ne faudrait pas oublier les changements structurels et les avantages économiques qu’a déjà amenés et qu’amène encore aujourd’hui la diffusion des TIC. Cette étude examine les incidences des TIC sur la performance des entreprises et les stratégies susceptibles d’en tirer le meilleur profit. Revenant sur les effets déjà constatés sur l’économie, elle analyse les raisons pour lesquelles certains pays ont investi plus que d’autres dans ces technologies, et cherche à expliquer pourquoi seulement une partie d’entre eux ont pleinement pris la mesure de ce que les TIC peuvent leur apporter. Elle fait valoir que les TIC demeureront une technologie importante au cours des années à venir, car les réseaux irriguent désormais toute l’économie. À présent, il importe de savoir comment se servir au mieux de ces technologies. Cet ouvrage démontre de façon éloquente que les TIC, à défaut d'être une panacée, peuvent contribuer à faire évoluer l’activité des entreprises et les rendre plus performantes. Mais cette mutation ne se produira que si l’environnement est concurrentiel et si les investissements informatiques s’accompagnent de changements organisationnels, d’investissements dans les qualifications et d’une gestion avisée. Ce livre est un plaidoyer pour une stratégie publique globale visant à tirer le meilleur des technologies de l’information et de la communication.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264101234
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Emerging Risks in the 21st Century; An Agenda for Action
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Emerging Risks in the 21st Century: An Agenda for Action
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage explore les répercussions de l’évolution des grands risques depuis ces dernières années sur l’économie et la société du XXIe siècle en matière de catastrophes naturelles, maladies nouvelles, attentats terroristes et perturbations majeures d’infrastructures essentielles en s’intéressant à un éventuel accroissement de la vulnérabilité des grands systèmes. Cette publication privilégie cinq grands groupes de risques : les catastrophes naturelles, les accidents technologiques, les maladies infectieuses, la sécurité alimentaire et le terrorisme. Il propose aux pouvoirs publics et au secteur privé un certain nombre de recommandations susceptibles d’améliorer la gestion des risques systémiques émergents.
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  • 53
    Language: French
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.65
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Legal Provisions Related to Business-to-Consumer Alternative Dispute Resolution in Relation to Privacy and Consumer Protection
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: L’objet de ce document est d’examiner l’incidence des dispositions juridiques nationales actuelles sur le recours au règlement alternatif des litiges (RAL) dans le cadre du commerce électronique. Il y est présenté une synthèse des réponses des pays membres au Questionnaire sur les dispositions juridiques liées au règlement alternatif des litiges (RAL) entre entreprises et consommateurs relatifs à la vie privée et à la protection des consommateurs.
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  • 54
    Language: French
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Targeting R&D: Economic and Policy Implications of Increasing R&D Spending
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Depuis 35 ans au moins, dans de nombreux pays membres de l'OCDE, des objectifs de dépenses fondés sur l’intensité de R-D (part de la DIRD dans le PIB) sont déterminés dans le cadre des politiques en matière de science et de technologie. Ce qui est nouveau, c’est que cette stratégie se généralise ; devenue plus visible, elle a fait l’objet d’une attention considérable dans le cadre de livres blancs, de sommets et de proclamations à haut niveau. Ce document examine les facteurs qui sont à l’origine de sa popularité croissante et analyse plus précisément les conséquences économiques et structurelles que pourra avoir la hausse des dépenses de R-D, en étudiant les caractéristiques des pays à forte intensité de R-D et de ceux qui connaissent depuis peu une hausse sensible de l’intensité de R-D. Il décrit ensuite certaines conséquences du renforcement de l’intensité de R-D dans l’Union européenne, les niveaux de dépenses de R-D nécessaires pour que l’objectif en matière de R-D annoncé ...
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 84 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.69
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: The Chinese telecommunications market has experienced double-digit growth in recent years and continues to expand rapidly as demand surges.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/12
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United States
    Abstract: The United States has the oldest and most developed venture capital industry in the OECD. Several successful high-technology companies in computers and communications, as well as in healthrelated sectors and services, were venture-backed. Young high-growth firms also benefit from a continuum of complementary finance from business angels, institutional investors and second-tier stock markets. The government played an active role in the early phases of the venture capital industry through the Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) program and various technology development schemes. A reduction in capital gains tax rates and liberalisation of rules for pension fund investments in risky assets in the late 1970s also unlocked new capital sources. Venture capital activity, however, has been quite cyclical. Periods of high fund-raising and investment in the 1980s and 1990s were followed by market downturns with negative effects on small firm survival and growth. Fundamental structural ...
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264276000
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Debt Management and Government Securities Markets in the 21st Century
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Debt Management ; Kapitalmarkt ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Ce rapport est consacré aux évolutions récentes de la structure des marchés des valeurs d’État et des opérations de gestion de la dette publique dans les pays de l’OCDE. Il met également en évidence les problèmes structurels fondamentaux posés aux pouvoirs publics sur les marchés émergents de la dette. Au fil des ans, les gestionnaires de la dette publique des pays de l’OCDE ont mis au point des pratiques exemplaires d’émission, de gestion et de retrait de titres de la dette publique au prix le moins onéreux possible et moyennant des risques acceptables. Ces pratiques s’inscrivaient, pour une large part, dans un contexte de déficits considérables et persistants des finances publiques. Or, avec le passage à une situation d’excédents budgétaires, il a fallu élaborer des techniques nouvelles pour faire face aux répercussions de ce changement (anomalies dans la détermination des prix et contraction de la liquidité sur les marchés de référence traditionnels). Ce rapport analyse par ailleurs l’impact des systèmes électroniques avancés sur les marchés primaire et secondaire. C’est ainsi qu’à l’avenir, des systèmes électroniques d’enchères perfectionnés permettront aux investisseurs institutionnels de soumissionner directement lors des adjudications et de contourner ainsi les spécialistes de valeurs d’État. De même, les systèmes électroniques de négociation vont inéluctablement bouleverser les marchés secondaires des valeurs à revenu fixe. En arrière-plan de ces défis, on voit de plus en plus d’émetteurs souverains des pays de l’OCDE accorder plus d’autonomie à leurs services de gestion de la dette publique, en mettant plus fortement l’accent sur l’évaluation et la gestion des risques. Ce rapport examine enfin l’introduction de nouveaux instruments (les obligations indexées et les instruments dérivés) ainsi que les mesures touchant aux relations avec les investisseurs. POUR EN SAVOIR PLUS OECD Public Debt Markets : Trends and Recent Structural Changes (en anglais seulement)Dette de l’administration centrale : annuaire statistique 1980/2000
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264101654
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (448 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Privacy Online; OECD Guidance on Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Privacy Online: OECD Guidance on Policy and Practice
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Electronic Commerce ; Datenschutz
    Abstract: L’accélération des mutations technologiques et de la mondialisation crée de nouveaux enjeux et de nouvelles possibilités pour les gouvernements, les entreprises et le grand public. La démocratisation des communications sur les réseaux publics a attiré l’attention sur la protection de la vie privée, valeur fondamentale de nos sociétés qui concerne chacun d’entre nous. Les pays de l’OCDE reconnaissent la nécessité de politiques globales et harmonisées pour renforcer la confiance dans l’environnement en ligne et créer les conditions favorables à sa contribution au bien-être économique et social. Cet ouvrage réunit les travaux de l’OCDE relatifs aux mesures visant à assurer une protection efficace de la vie privée sur les réseaux mondiaux sans entraver les flux transfrontières de données personnelles. Il préconise de combiner différentes approches fondées sur la réglementation et l’autodiscipline, et notamment des solutions juridiques, techniques et pédagogiques, adaptées au contexte socioculturel dans lequel elles doivent s’appliquer. Il souligne la nécessité d’un engagement résolu de tous les acteurs de la société dans un esprit de complémentarité et de coopération. Cet ouvrage présente des orientations générales et pratiques à l’intention des pouvoirs publics, des entreprises et des particuliers pour mieux protéger la vie privée et les données personnelles sur les réseaux nationaux et internationaux. Il propose des solutions pour l’adoption et l’affichage de politiques en matière de protection de la vie privée, des mécanismes de sanction et de recours, et des méthodes pour informer et sensibiliser les utilisateurs. Cette publication s’inscrit dans l’action que l’OCDE mène de façon constante pour promouvoir le respect de droits essentiels et assurer l’ouverture et la transparence des économies et des sociétés.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264103771
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance of Public Research; Toward Better Practices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance of Public Research; Toward Better Practices (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance of Public Research: Toward Better Practices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance of Public Research: Toward Better Practices (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Staatliche Forschung ; Finanzierung ; Forschungspolitik ; Forschungseinrichtung ; Reform
    Abstract: Les systèmes scientifiques de bon nombre de pays de l’OCDE subissent une pression croissante qui les pousse à évoluer. Cette pression reflète des défis nouveaux qui vont bien au-delà de l’importante question de la garantie d’un financement durable pour la recherche dans son ensemble. En effet, il s’agit d’aborder ces défis dans la perspective plus globale de la gouvernance de la recherche publique, afin de prendre en compte des questions plus générales liées : aux processus décisionnels qui régissent l’établissement des priorités ; à l’affectation des crédits au secteur de la recherche publique ; à la gestion des institutions de recherche et à l’évaluation de leurs performances en termes de contribution à la création du savoir, de croissance économique et de réponse aux besoins de la société. Ce rapport traite de la recherche du secteur public. Il passe en revue tous les défis auxquels sont confrontés les pays de l’OCDE dans la gouvernance de leurs systèmes scientifiques. Il examine les nouvelles mesures prises par les pouvoirs publics de ces pays et indique quelles sont les meilleures pratiques pour faire face à ces défis. Enfin, il en tire des enseignements quant au processus de réforme. Des chapitres complémentaires fournissent des descriptions et des analyses détaillées des structures des systèmes scientifiques, des procédures d’établissement des priorités, de l’évolution du financement et de la gestion des ressources humaines en matière de R-D. Pour en savoir plus : Études par pays des systèmes scientifiques de l’Allemagne, de la Hongrie, du Japon, de la Norvège, du Royaume-Uni et des États-Unis Science, technologie et industrie: Perspectives de l’OCDE 2002 Les relations industrie-science : une évaluation comparative, 2002 Perspectives de la science, de la technologie et de l’industrie : Les moteurs de la croissance : technologies de l’information, innovation et entreprenariat, 2001 (édition spéciale) Des débouchés commerciaux pour la science : la gestion de la propriété intellectuelle par les organismes publics de recherche, 2003
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  • 60
    Language: French
    Pages: 13 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.73
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Consumer Policy Considerations on the Importance of Accurate and Available WHOIS Data
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Ce document explique combien des données Whois exactes et disponibles peuvent contribuer à donner confiance au consommateur sur le marché en ligne, en s’appuyant sur plusieurs dispositions des Lignes directrices de l’OCDE. Il identifie ensuite brièvement les préoccupations actuelles concernant le fonctionnement de Whois et décrit les efforts déployés récemment pour assurer l’exactitude et la disponibilité des informations concernant l’enregistrement des noms de domaine. La conclusion suggère un certain nombre de mesures permettant de réaliser des améliorations dans ce secteur.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264299047
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: La mesure des activités scientifiques et technologiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002; Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002; Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (Lithuanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual de Frascati 2002; Proposta de Práticas Exemplares para Inquéritos sobre Investigação e Desenvolvimento Experimental
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002; Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (Lithuanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual de Frascati 2002: Proposta de Práticas Exemplares para Inquéritos sobre Investigação e Desenvolvimento Experimental
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: En cette période de mutations technologiques rapides, la recherche-développement (R-D) constitue un facteur de croissance important. Pour élaborer des politiques adéquates et bien les analyser, il est essentiel de suivre les activités de R-D de l’industrie, des gouvernements et des universités. Le Manuel de Frascati est devenu la référence méthodologique en matière de recueil et d’exploitation des statistiques de R-D. C'est un outil dont les bureaux de statistiques du monde entier ne sauraient se passer. Ce manuel contient les définitions des notions de base, des principes directeurs pour la collecte de données ainsi que les classifications à utiliser pour la compilation des statistiques. Le manuel a été actualisé : on trouvera dans cette sixième édition des principes directeurs mieux adaptés au suivi de l’évolution des pays de l’OCDE, notamment pour la mesure de la R-D du secteur des services, l’internationalisation de la R-D ainsi que les ressources humaines qui y sont affectées. Le manuel sera également publié sous forme électronique, de façon à pouvoir être mis à jour en temps utile.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biotechnology Indicators and Public Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: On trouvera dans le présent document de travail des informations et un cadre d’analyse qui permettront d’inscrire dans un contexte plus large l’examen des besoins des utilisateurs aux fins du développement de statistiques et d’indicateurs des biotechnologies. Ce document met en évidence et évalue les principaux types d’indicateurs susceptibles d’éclairer l’action des pouvoirs publics. La biotechnologie n’étant encore qu’au stade embryonnaire, l’action publique se focalise sur les politiques de S-T qui ont été divisées en quatre grandes catégories (soutien à la recherche en biotechnologie, diffusion des connaissances et compétences en biotechnologie, valorisation de la recherche biotechnologique et promotion de l’adoption (application et utilisation) des biotechnologies) pour servir de cadre au développement de statistiques pertinentes. Outre les politiques de S-T à caractère plus générique, le document étudie le développement d’indicateurs par grands domaines d’application ...
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264106093
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks; Towards a Culture of Security
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directrices de la OCDE para la seguridad de sistemas y redes de información ; Hacia una cultura de seguridad
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee guida dell'OCSE sulla sicurezza dei sistemi e delle reti d'informazione; Verso una cultura della sicurezza
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD;s riktlinjer för säkerheten i informationssystem och nät; På väg mot en säkerhetskultur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directrices de la OCDE para la seguridad de sistemas y redes de información : Hacia una cultura de seguridad
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee guida dell'OCSE sulla sicurezza dei sistemi e delle reti d'informazione: Verso una cultura della sicurezza
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD:s riktlinjer för säkerheten i informationssystem och nät: På väg mot en säkerhetskultur
    Keywords: Science and Technology
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/14
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines how measurement problems affect international comparisons of labour productivity. It suggests that these measurement problems do not significantly affect the assessment of aggregate productivity patterns in the OECD area. However, these problems do influence the more detailed assessment of productivity growth, notably the role of specific sectors and demand components in aggregate performance. The paper shows that there are only a few significant problems regarding the comparability of nominal GDP across OECD countries, the most important being the treatment of software investment. In most cases, efforts are underway to reduce the size of these differences. Measurement differences for real GDP are also important, although several of these factors have impacts that work in different directions. Moreover, several of these problems primarily affect the distribution of total GDP across different expenditure categories and across different activities, not necessarily ...
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264101296
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les TIC et la croissance économique ; Panorama des industries, des entreprises et des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les TIC et la croissance économique : Panorama des industries, des entreprises et des pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: This report examines the impacts of ICT on business performance and the policies that can help seize its benefits. It argues that ICT remains an important technology for the years ahead, as ICT networks have now spread throughout the economy. What counts now is how the technology should be made to work. .
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264101227
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les risques émergents au XXIe siècle ; Vers un programme d'action
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les risques émergents au XXIe siècle : Vers un programme d'action
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: The 21st Century has so far witnessed a host of large-scale disasters in various parts of the world including: windstorms, flooding, new diseases infesting both humans and animals, terrorist attacks and major disruptions to critical infrastructures. It is not just the nature of major risks that seems to be changing, but also the context in which risks are evolving as well as society’s capacity to manage them. This book explores the implications of these developments for economy and society in the 21st century, focussing in particular on the potentially significant increase in the vulnerability of major systems. It concentrates on five large risk clusters: natural disasters, technological accidents, infectious diseases, food safety and terrorism, identifies the challenges facing OECD countries and sets out recommendations for governments and the private sector as to how the management of emerging systemic risks might be improved.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs des biotechnologies et politiques publiques
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This working paper provides input and a framework for a broader discussion of the identification of user needs that should inform the development of biotechnology statistics and indicators. This document identifies and evaluates the main types of indicators that may be required to inform policy actions. Given the embryonic state of biotechnology, the main focus for policy is on S&T policies where four main types of S&T policies – supporting biotechnology research, diffusing biotechnology knowledge and expertise, commercialising biotechnology research and encouraging the adoption (application and use) of biotechnology – are used as a framework for developing relevant statistics. In addition to more generic S&T polices, the paper explores the development of indicators by major application area – agriculture, health, industrial processing and environmental applications. The paper includes both an evaluation of how existing indicators can be used, and the types of new indicators that ...
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.72
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mettre les TIC à profit dans une économie numérique
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Seizing the Benefits of ICT in a Digital Economy revisits ICT's contribution to economic performance using new and more recent data to assess the degree to which the findings that appeared valid at the end of 2000 remain intact. This new report also examines whether the policy conclusions from the previous OECD work require adjustment in the current economic environment, and what measures OECD governments should take to seize the benefits of ICT. The findings and policy implications of the work are summarised in this report; they reaffirm and elaborate those of the OECD Growth Study.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/18
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Spain
    Abstract: Spain's expanding venture capital market is still biased towards mature firms in traditional sectors with little investment in technology-based start-ups. Although the country has benefited from substantial inflows of foreign venture capital, steps are needed to increase domestic levels of entrepreneurship and risk investment expertise. The government maintains a number of small firms participatory loan schemes, which could be transformed into privately-managed equity programmes to attract venture investors. Restrictions relating to authorised venture investors and amounts could also be lightened. This paper analyses trends in Spanish venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.71
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Wireless technology provides business executives, office workers, small businesses and residential users with expanded opportunities to connect to the Internet outside the limited area dictated by fixed networks.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/19
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Portugal
    Abstract: The small Portuguese venture capital market is characterised by expansion-stage investments in manufacturing industries, primarily consumer goods. Government equity programmes, which have tended to be investment vehicles for European structural funds, have crowded out potential private investors. Recent initiatives, including a new venture captial law and a scheme aimed at leveraging private venture funding, should help stimulate venture activity. Measures are also needed to foster the emergence of more entrepreneurs, create a less risk-averse investment culture, and take fuller advantage of international venture capital flows. This paper analyses trends in Portuguese venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264103252
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Road Safety; Impact of New Technologies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Road Safety: Impact of New Technologies
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Transport ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Neue Technologie ; Bewertung
    Abstract: Ce rapport évalue l'impact global des nouvelles technologies sur la sécurité routière et propose des recommandations à l’attention des gouvernements et de l'industrie pour réduire le nombre de tués et de blessés dans les accidents de la route. De nouvelles technologies pourraient contribuer à réduire de 40 % ce lourd tribut. Or, des milliards de dollars sont actuellement dépensés pour développer de nouvelles technologies qui ne sont aucunement liées à la sécurité routière.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264101197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'administration électronique; un impératif
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'administration électronique: un impératif
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: E-government is more about government than about “e”. The spread of new information and communication technologies has spurred major changes at all levels of society and notably in citizen expectations. Governments have also been integrating those technologies into work practices to keep pace and enhance the policy outcomes, service quality, and responsiveness to citizens that determine their effectiveness. E-government initiatives can bolster government effectiveness in important ways like facilitating cross-agency cooperation on complex problems, fostering a customer focus for services, and building relationships with private sector partners. Delay in implementing e-government reforms can thus handicap economic development in this increasingly competitive, rapidly changing world.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264034747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: If present trends in fertility and life expectancy continue, between one quarter and one third of the population in OECD countries will be over 65 years by 2025. The ageing population will have profound social and economic implications. Not surprisingly, countries are searching for ways to promote healthy ageing. The OECD Workshop on Healthy Ageing and Biotechnology, held in November 2000 in Tokyo, brought together an interdisciplinary group of world experts in molecular biology, geriatrics, epidemiology, health economics, ethics and health policy. Their perspectives are the subject of this book and collectively help provide a better understanding of the issues and relative contribution that biotechnological solutions will make to the promotion of healthy ageing. Please note that this title is only available on line, in pdf format.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264034730
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Few topics in the life sciences today provoke as much debate as the availability of patent protection on "genetic inventions". Some hold that protection is essential to encourage innovation and development of new products. Others argue that patents restrict access to the very innovations they are intended to promote. Yet others object to property rights at all for our genetic blueprint. This report presents the findings of an OECD Workshop held in Berlin to establish the impact of patents and licensing on development and access to genetic technology. The workshop drew on empirical studies and concluded that despite sometimes controversial licensing practices the patent system has broadly achieved what is intended. The report provides recommendations to policy makers for improving the functioning of the licensing system. Please note that this title is only available on line, in pdf format.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/10
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Denmark
    Abstract: Denmark has one of the lowest levels of venture capital investment as a share of GDP among OECD countries. The Danish government tried a number of supply-side initiatives in the 1990s with varying degrees of success. Problems stem from a lack of equity investment culture, the high levels and complexity of taxes, a dominant role played by banks in venture financing, and few contributions from other institutional investors. A new strategy focuses on providing seed capital to start-ups through a reorganised government equity fund and technology incubators. The challenge is to build on this momentum to further diversify early-stage financing and deepen the entrepreneurial culture. This paper analyses trends in Danish venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process.
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  • 77
    Language: French
    Pages: 83 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Availability and Characteristics of Surveys on the Destination of Doctorate Recipients in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: À notre connaissance, aucune étude ne recense l’existence de bases de données relatives au devenir des docteurs sur le marché du travail, à un niveau international. Il est indéniable que les jeunes scientifiques jouent un rôle important dans la recherche et l’innovation. De ce fait, il est nécessaire de développer les sources d’informations statistiques pour connaître les débouchés professionnels des jeunes docteurs. C’est en effet un point d’intérêt central pour les pouvoirs publics dans la gestion de la conduite des politiques de recherche et d’innovation. Cette étude a deux objectifs : d’une part, recenser les dispositifs statistiques existants dans les pays de l’OCDE. Et, par ailleurs, débattre de la comparabilité de ces différentes sources. Au total, 21 pays ont répondu au questionnaire relatif à l’existence de telles bases de données, représentant 25 sources de données disponibles pour l’analyse. Notre analyse s’est forgée autour des principales problématiques en matière de marché de ...
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.73
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Considérations du point de vue de la politique à l'égard des consommateurs sur l'importance d'avoir des données Whois exactes et disponibles
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Drawing on the 1999 OECD Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce, this document explains how accurate and available Whois data can contribute to building consumer trust in the online marketplace.
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  • 79
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.72
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Seizing the Benefits of ICT in a Digital Economy
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Ce rapport réexamine la contribution des TIC aux performances économiques à la lumière de données nouvelles et plus récentes, de manière à évaluer à quel point les conclusions qui paraissaient valides fin 2000 le demeurent aujourd'hui. Il examine également la nécessité d'adapter au contexte économique actuel les recommandations d'action publique formulées dans les travaux antérieurs de l'OCDE, ainsi que les mesures que devraient prendre les pays de l'OCDE pour mettre les TIC à profit. Les conclusions et les répercussions sur l'action publique de ces nouvelles réflexions réaffirment et enrichissent celles de l'étude de l'OCDE sur la croissance.
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.76
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper is aimed at responding to arguments that have been made about the necessity and benefits of structural separation of the telecommunications local loop.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264199460
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les sources de la croissance économique dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Quellen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums in den OECD-Ländern
    DDC: 330.9177
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Understand growth disparities between OECD countries over the past twenty years through identification and analysis of underlying factors. Growth patterns through the 1990s and into this decade have turned received wisdom on its head. For most of the post-war period, OECD countries with relatively low GDP per capita grew faster than richer countries. Since the late 1990s, however, that pattern has broken down with the United States notably drawing further ahead of the field. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of growth drivers across the OECD and the extent to which disparities are attributable to factors like new technology and R&D, macroeconomic policy, education and training, labour market flexibility, product market competition, and barriers to business start-up and closure.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/06
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The latest system of national accounts (SNA93) recommended that purchases of software (and any own-account production) should be capitalised as long as the acquisition satisfied conventional asset requirements. This change added about 1% to GDP in most OECD economies in the mid-1990s. However, the range of the revision has been significantly different across countries, leading many observers to question the comparability of these statistics. An OECD task force set up in October 2001 confirmed that differences in estimation procedures contributed significantly to the differences in software capitalisation rates, and a set of recommendations describing a harmonised method for estimating software were formulated. Most of these recommendations were approved at the OECD 2002 National Accounts Expert meeting. This paper reviews the recommendations in its annexes, giving more expansive explanations in some areas, and provides estimates of changes to GDP levels and growth that might be ...
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.75
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD's policy response to the challenge of maximising the benefits of broadband Internet services for economic and social development.
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/07
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines recent patterns in productivity growth of service industries and analyses the role of problems in measuring service productivity growth on industry and aggregate productivity growth. At the aggregate level, unbalanced growth can be observed between a dynamic manufacturing sector on one hand and a rather stagnant service sector on the other. The service sector itself is, however, composed of a set of heterogenous industries with productivity growth rates ranging from low or negative rates to growth rates exceeding those of high-growth manufacturing industries. The empirical evidence suggests that low or negative productivity growth rates in several services are linked to measurement problems. Computing constant price service output is particularly important. Potential under-estimation of service productivity growth leads eventually to an under-estimation of aggregate productivity growth, via aggregation effects and the flows of intermediate inputs. There ...
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.68
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines the question of whether the scope of universal service should be widened to include broadband. A common concern in OECD countries is that some groups without access to highspeed broadband networks, such as those residing in rural and sparsely populated remote areas, will be unable to access the benefits expected of broadband access, from on-line services including education, health and government services. This problem is expected to grow in significance as broadband service becomes increasingly important and pervasive.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/15
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Efforts such as the Kyoto Protocol to reduce emissions that may be linked to climate change focus on six greenhouse gases (GHG). Carbon dioxide is by far the largest of these by volume, representing about 80% of the total emissions of these six gases. Almost all carbon dioxide is emitted during the combustion of fossil fuels and OECD countries account for over half of the total carbon dioxide emission in the world while an additional four countries (Brazil, China, India and Russia) together account for a further quarter of the global total. Many policies designed to reduce these emissions set emission reduction goals based on some previous level (e.g. 1990 in the case of Kyoto for many countries) which is used as a benchmark for success and compliance to the protocol. But changes in emissions at the national level can occur for many reasons: including the relocation of production abroad, and/or by import substitution. This may have a negligible impact on global emissions but, if ...
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.70
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide comparative information on the administration of domain names across the OECD area.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Israel
    Abstract: Israel has a higher level of venture capital as a share of GDP than any OECD country. Most Israeli venture capital is channelled to early-stage companies, particularly start-ups in sectors based on information and communications technology (ICT) and biotechnology. The Israeli venture capital industry was built through government funding, particularly through the YOZMA group, which leveraged financing from foreign corporations and institutions. There is now a need for a change in tactics to maintain private venture funding for both portfolio and seed firms. While new incentives are being given to foreign investors, domestic venture investments could be encouraged through tax breaks, expanded opportunities for institutional investors, and reforms to the Israeli stock exchange. Israel needs to sustain growth in the venture sector while reducing dependence on a limited number of capital sources. This paper analyses trends in Israeli venture capital markets and makes policy ...
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 75 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/13
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report provides an update of the current state of the biotechnology industry based on primarily official statistical sources. As biotechnology becomes increasingly viewed as a strategic sector, the need for reliable biotechnology statistics from which informed policy decisions can be made grows. This report addresses that need by compiling statistics on biotechnology both on a country-by-country basis and to a limited degree across countries. Also included is a brief overview of some of the important biotechnology policies where the information is publicly available. This work has benefited from the OECD working with member countries and observer countries to develop methodological tools for measuring biotechnology. While some of this work is provisional, will change as experience in the field is gained and should not be viewed as the definitive reference, the data contained in this report represents a significant step forward from only a few years ago when only a few OECD ...
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/02
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: The Korean venture capital market has grown dramatically in recent years, starting from a negligible base in the early 1990s and almost tripling between 1998 and 2001. Korea now ranks among the leading OECD countries in venture capital investment as a share of GDP. Korea weathered the severe financial crisis of 1997-98 to face the challenge of reducing the influence of large corporations (the chaebol) and augmenting the role of technology-oriented small firms. The government jump-started the venture capital market in 1998 through direct infusion of equity capital, generous tax incentives and equity guarantees, and the designation of certain small firms as “venture businesses”. Concerns relate to the need to further privatise the venture capital system and to increase the supply of investment-ready small firms. This paper analyses trends in Korean venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/16
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Composite indicators are synthetic indices of individual indicators and are increasingly being used to rank countries in various performance and policy areas. Using composites, countries have been compared with regard to their competitiveness, innovative abilities, degree of globalisation and environmental sustainability. Composite indicators are useful in their ability to integrate large amounts of information into easily understood formats and are valued as a communication and political tool. However, the construction of composites suffers from many methodological difficulties, with the result that they can be misleading and easily manipulated. This paper reviews the steps in constructing composite indicators and their inherent weaknesses. A detailed statistical example is given in a case study. The paper also offers suggestions on how to improve the transparency and use of composite indicators for analytical and policy purposes ...
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264102613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études de l'OCDE sur l'administration électronique ; Finlande 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études de l'OCDE sur l'administration électronique : Finlande 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Finland
    Abstract: The first in a series of national e-government reviews, this book uses a common analytical framework developed by the OECD E-Government Project that will assist countries in evaluating their e-government policies, ensure international comparability of findings and systematically build up a body of empirical evidence regarding good e-government practices.
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Objectif R-D : Les répercussions de l'accroissement des dépenses de R-D sur l'économie et l'action publique
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Setting R&D spending targets based on R&D intensities (GERD as a share of GDP) has been a part of science and technology policy in many OECD countries for at least 35 years. What is new is that the targeting of R&D has become more widespread and a more visible goal commanding considerable attention in high-level white papers, summits and policy proclamations. This paper examines the factors that have contributed to the growing popularity of these targets and analyses in more detail the economic and structural consequences of achieving the increased levels of R&D spending by looking at the profile of individual countries with a high R&D intensity and those countries who have achieved a recent significant gain in their intensity. It then traces some of the implications of a higher R&D intensity for the European Union: the R&D spending levels that would be required to meet the target announced by Ministers at the 2002 summit in Barcelona, the human resources needed to conduct this R&D ...
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.77
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Broadband Internet access is one of the first services where there has been a convergence between communications platforms built for different purposes.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Disponibilité et caractéristiques des enquêtes sur la destination professionnelle des titulaires de doctorats dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: As far as we know, there is no study that identifies databases relating to the destination of doctorate recipients, including at international level. Young scientists unquestionably play an important role in research and innovation. Consequently, it is necessary to develop statistical sources to find out about the destinations of doctorate recipents. Such information is extremely valuable to the authorities for framing research and innovation policies. This study has two objectives: first, to review existing statistical sources in the OECD countries, and to discuss their comparability. All told, 21 countries replied to the questionnaire on the existence of such databases, representing 25 data sources available for analysis. The analysis focused on the main aspects of the labour market for young researchers: the existence of queues for academic posts with, correlatively, post-doctoral training, relations between public research systems and industrial ...
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/04
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Canada
    Abstract: Canada has one of the highest levels of venture capital investment as a share of GDP among OECD countries. Between 1995 and 2001, Canada realised phenomenal growth in venture capital supply and the creation of over 200 new venture capital funds. However, the largest share of Canadian venture capital goes to follow-on funding of smaller firms -- rather than to new deals involving start-ups -- and to traditional manufacturing sectors. In the late 1990s, the Canadian government began attempts to diversify the sources of venture funds through liberalising rules for institutional and foreign investors, modifying tax incentives and introducing government equity funds. Foreign investors, particularly from the United States, are now the major players and are targeting their funding to technology-based start-ups. This paper analyses trends in Canadian venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264103764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gouvernance de la recherche publique ; Vers de meilleures pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance of Public Research; Toward Better Practices (Chinese version)
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; Staatliche Forschung ; Finanzierung ; OECD ; Forschungspolitik ; Forschungseinrichtung ; Reform
    Abstract: This report deals with public sector research. It provides a comprehensive review of the challenges that call for changes in the governance of OECD countries’ science systems. It highlights emerging policy responses developed in these countries indicating better practices to deal with the challenges, and draws policy lessons that can inspire the reform process. Supporting chapters provide detailed descriptions and analyses of the structures of science systems, the procedures for priority setting, the changes to funding, and the management of human resources in R&D.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264100244
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 346.0486
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report presents the results of the first international survey on the patenting and licensing activities of public research organisations in OECD countries. It includes data on the stock and number of patents and licenses, the amount of licensing revenue, the size and activities of technology transfer offices, the types of licensing agreements concluded with firms, as well as information on the government and institutional policies for owning and exploiting intellectual property. In addition to the survey results, policy makers, business managers and university and research administrators will find several case studies on how OECD countries are moving to unlock the social and economic benefits of public research. These case studies will also provide insight into how research institutions deal with issues such as whether to license a patent or create a spin-off, how to create technology transfer programmes and how to license IP to firms while preserving access for future research and discovery.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264100688
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Cutting Red Tape
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La simplification administrative dans les pays de l'OCDE
    DDC: 352.3/87/09177
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Verwaltung ; Vereinfachung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Verwaltungsreform ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: “Too much red tape” is a common complaint from businesses and citizens in OECD countries. This report analyses proven approaches commonly adopted by governments to reduce and streamline administrative procedures like one-stop shops (physical and electronic), simplification of permits and licence procedures, time limits for decision-making, methods to measure administrative burdens, regulatory-compliance assistance for small and medium-size companies, and increasing reliance on IT-based solutions.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264101630
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Protection de la vie privée en ligne ; orientations politiques et pratiques de l'OCDE
    DDC: 658.4/78
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This volume draws together OECD work to date on measures for ensuring effective privacy protection on global networks while continuing to allow the transborder flow of personal data. It contains specific policy and practical guidance to assist governments, businesses and individuals in promoting privacy protection online at national and international levels. It proposes ways of adopting and posting privacy policies, mechanisms for enforcement and redress, and means of promoting education and user awareness.
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