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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (31)
  • 2015-2019  (31)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (31)
  • Wirtschaftsprognose  (16)
  • Accountability  (7)
  • Private Sector Development
  • Social Protections and Labor
Datenlieferant
  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (31)
Materialart
Sprache
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
Fachgebiete(RVK)
  • 1
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Social Protection and Labor Discussion Papers
    Schlagwort(e): Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Assessment ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: As part of the ongoing debate on the modernization of the Bolsa Familia (BF) program, several reform proposals were presented through 2019, including by the Ministry of Citizenship (MoC), Congress and the think tank IPEA, the latter as part of a broader proposal to consolidate various expenditures. This note uses the BraSIM microsimulation model to evaluate the 2019 proposals in the context of Brazil's tax benefit system. All proposals lead to a higher number of beneficiaries, with the poorest families, especially children and youth, benefitting the most. In general, the progressive incidence of the current program would vary little in the MoC and Congress reforms, but is reduced in IPEA's, which includes a universal component. The three proposals have different contributions on poverty-reduction: IPEA's reform is significantly less efficient than the current scenario and other reforms in terms of cost-effectiveness. However, IPEA's proposal most contributes to the reduction of inequality, and is the only one that identifies financing sources through the extinction of more regressive expenditures. Through this comparative analysis, the Note also highlights the main dilemmas about the future of the program, which remain relevant even in the post-COVID-19 reality: the tension between generosity and coverage; the priorization of certain groups for poverty-reduction; reconciling the program's objective of encouraging human capital for children with its role of minimum income guarantee; the risks of eliminating a "basic benefit". While only IPEA's proposal identified financing sources for the program's expansion, the Note reveals additional potential sources of financing for the BF program in the tax benefit system
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Financial Sector Study
    Schlagwort(e): E-Business ; E-Finance and E-Security ; E-Government ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: Madagascar is an island nation located in the Indian Ocean off the south-eastern coast of Africa, and the fourth-largest island in the world. Despite the country's extensive economic opportunities and expansive natural resources, real GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world. This situation can largely be imparted to decades of political instability and recurring crises, which have severely thwarted development efforts. The time is opportune to leverage the potential of digital technology to support a responsive government and promote a vibrant digital economy. Digital transformation has been described as the fourth industrial revolution, and if harnessed strategically, it can help reduce inequalities, and promote economic growth and high value job creation. It can also improve access to public services and to information, thereby strengthening government accountability and trust in the State. Much remains to be done in Madagascar. Madagascar has already made remarkable progress in the digital economy. Preparation of this diagnostic involved desk research on the areas comprising the five digital economy pillars, as well as several in-country missions during which members of a core research team conducted broad consultations with counterparts, government, the private sector, and user representatives
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: Amid challenging global economic conditions and a substantial deterioration of its terms-of-trade, Indonesia's economic growth decelerated to 5.0 percent in the third quarter of 2019, from 5.1 percent in Q2. Domestic drivers of growth slowed. Fixed investment growth weakened further in Q3 given the significant decline in commodity prices, and as political uncertainty lingered prior to the announcement of the new cabinet. Total consumption also slowed, with Government consumption decelerating markedly. This weakness in domestic demand was mirrored by a large contraction of import volumes, which together with flat exports meant that net exports made a large contribution to growth
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Policy Notes
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Education ; Food Security ; Gender ; Incentives ; Inequality ; Labor Market ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Labor Markets ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: Using the most recent household survey data, this paper examines the characteristics of Sudan's labor market as it relates to poverty outcomes. Several important aspects of the labor market are analyzed, including the relationship between labor market indicators and the demographic structure of the population, geographic location, education, and gender. It highlights the significant differences in labor market outcomes depending on the structure and distribution of the population and Sudan's labor market's many challenges across different dimensions, including demography, gender, and geography. The four key messages can be summarized as follows: first, Sudan is at the verge of entering the earl-dividend stage of the demographic transition. Sudan's population, while still very young, is on track to enter into the early-dividend stage of the demographic transition within just a few years, raising the stakes for job creation and investment in human capita. Second, while we find evidence for an increase in employment and labor force participation at the national level, this increase seems to be driven by seasonal labor in agriculture and increasing economic hardship, respectively. In urban areas, however, unemployment increased sharply, especially among youth. And despite the overall increase in employment and labor force participation, Sudan's labor market still underperforms in comparison to its peers. Third, Sudan's labor market is characterized by large gender disparities, including in terms of employment opportunities and pay. Finally, we find no signs of the beginnings of a structural transformation over the time-period author study; agriculture remains the mainstay of a large majority of employed Sudanese. Rather, labor productivity and real wages outside of agriculture declined markedly between 2009 and 2014, especially in sectors with links to the oil economy. The paper offers policy insights to enhance the role of the labor market in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity in Sudan, key among which are 1) encouraging private sector growth, 2) overcoming gender discrimination in the labor market, 3) investing in agriculture and re-storing price incentives, and 4) further expanding access to quality education
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): 2019 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: In 2018, Indonesia's coordinated and prudent macroeconomic policy framework underpinned steadyeconomic growth, amid global volatility and several natural disasters. Real GDP growth strengthened to 5.2 percent yoy in 2018 from 5.1 percent in 2017. Growth decelerated only slightly in Q1 2019, to 5.1 percent yoy. Quarterly GDP growth has been broadly stable, remaining within a narrow range of 4.9-5.3 percent yoy for 14 consecutive quarters. The drivers of growth shifted in Q4 2018 and Q1 2019, as investment growth decelerated from multi-year highs, and both private and government consumption picked up. Investment slowed because of inventory destocking and easing fixed investment growth due to delays in new public projects in response to current account concerns, political uncertainty ahead of the general elections, and deteriorating prices of thecountry's key commodity exports and a maturing investment cycle in the mining sector. On the other hand, growth of private and government consumption gained on stronger spending by political parties and civil servant bonuses. Private consumption was also supported by low inflation and abuoyant labor market. Indonesia's oceans can be leveraged to make a larger contribution to the economy, both through higher revenues from tourism and fisheries and by enhancing resilience to natural disasters and climate change. This edition therefore discusses the importance of the maritime economy to Indonesia's economic development and presents the challenges and opportunities the country faces in leveraging the maritime economy for greater prosperity
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Schlagwort(e): Corporate Data and Reporting ; Disclosure ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Regulation and Supervision ; Legal Framework ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Public-Private Partnerships ; Transparency
    Kurzfassung: Based on research and analysis over the past few years, the World Bank Group Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) Cross-Cutting Solution Area has worked on creating a Framework for Disclosure in Public-Private Partnerships, which suggests a systematic structure for disclosing information proactively at different phases of the PPP process. Two documents, Jurisdictional Studies and Good Practice Cases, have been developed to provide relevant background and resources complementing the goals of the framework. The framework suggests the initiation of work with a PPP Disclosure Diagnostic in countries. The objective of the Diagnostic is to help PPP policy makers and practitioners to assess the status of PPP disclosure in the jurisdiction and identify customized PPP disclosure solutions for all PPP types to enable better disclosure. Under each of the areas identified, the Diagnostic provides the key questions policy makers and practitioners should ask, analysis and techniques for assessing gaps, resources for learning more, and tools for establishing customized PPP disclosure guidelines for the jurisdiction. The relevance of each of the above areas varies based on the unique circumstances within the country. This diagnostic report is structured around the key themes that are relevant to Kenya's disclosure environment
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  • 7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Schlagwort(e): Accountability ; Education ; Education Finance ; Education For All ; Educational Institutions and Facilities
    Kurzfassung: The SABER Service Delivery (SABER SD) survey instrument was developed as an initiative to uncover bottlenecks that inhibit student learning in low and middle-income countries and to better understand the quality of education service delivery in a country as well as gaps in policy implementation. SABER SD was created using knowledge and expertise from two major initiatives at the World Bank: SABER (Systems Approach for Better Education Results) and the SDI (Service Delivery Indicators) tools. The instrument collects data at the school level and asks questions related to the roles of all levels of government (including local and regional). The new instrument collects data at the school level and enables analysis on: (i) teacher effort and ability, (ii) principal leadership, (iii) school governance, management, and finances, (iv) community participation, (v) classroom observation, and (vi) student performance in math and language
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): 2018 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: Real GDP grew 5.3 percent in the second quarter of 2018 from the previous year, as domestic demand strengthened. Private and government consumption accelerated thanks to higher subsidy and personnelspending, a pick-up in credit growth, higher agricultural incomes, and stable inflation. Strong job markets also helped: the employment rate reached a two-decade high of 65.7 percent in February, with the unemployment rate falling to 5.1 percent. Growth of machinery and equipment investment remained robust, but overall gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) slowed because investments in structures and buildings (three-quarters of GFCF) moderated, partly due to fewer working days. Despite escalating protectionism, both exports and imports grew over the quarter. Because import volumes grew nearly twice as fast as exports, net exports contracted, weighing on overall economic growth
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): 2018 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: After a challenging 10 months of capital outflows, currency depreciation, higher government bond yields and mounting pressures from fuel prices, November brought respite to Indonesia: global oil prices fell, and capital flows returned, leading to currency appreciation and lower bond yields. Nevertheless, the global and domestic dynamics that prevailed for the initial 10 months of 2018 remain mostly in place, and this edition of the Indonesian Economic Quarterly highlights the importance of structural reforms to increase exports and foreign direct investment, which will strengthen Indonesia's external position
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): 2018 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: Real GDP growth picked up to 5.2 percent yoy in Q4 from 5.1 percent in Q3, driven by higher domestic demand, in particular stronger investment. Private consumption growth also strengthened marginally, partly due to consumer price inflation easing in Q4. Export and import growth moderated from a peak in Q3 and remained robust due to a sustained recovery in global trade and commodity prices. Net exports, however, were a drag on growth in Q4, partly reflecting higher investment in machines and equipment and associated imports of capital goods. After significant destocking in Q3, inventories contributed positively to GDP growth. On the production side, growth in manufacturing accelerated, while construction and otherservices sectors saw the fastest growth
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): 2018 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: This edition includes a focus topic that discusses how 15 years of education reforms have helped to improve education outcomes and human capital in Indonesia, and what challenges remain. The outcomes from 15 years of educational reform have been mixed, with a significant expansion inaccess, but a large deficit in quality. In 2002, Indonesia embarked on a series of policy reforms to strengthen access to and the quality of education, both key determinants of human capital development. After 15 years, however, the results of the reforms have been mixed. Enrolments have grown significantly, but student learning remains below the levels of other countries in the region. For example, 55 percent of 15-year olds are functionally illiterate, compared to lessthan 10 percent in Vietnam. Education reform covered the right areas, but implementation challenges led to uneven results. Most elements of the reforms were aligned with international best practices and had strong potential to improve Indonesian education outcomes. Educationreform included increasing financing for education, enhancing participation of local actors in sector governance, strengthening accountability, improving the quality of teachers, and ensuring students' preparedness as they enter schooling. Significant implementation challenges prevented the policy reform from reaching its full potential. While steps have been taken to address some ofthese challenges, further actions are urgently needed. In particular, measures need to be taken tostop growing inequality in student results, and to take advantage of the opportunity generated by the large number of teachers retiring in the next decade. Key recommendations include: defining and enforcing qualification criteria to be met by every teacher who enters the classroom, complementing the existing financing mechanisms for education with a targeted, performance-based transfer for lagging schools and districts, and launching a national education quality campaign to generate public awareness and pressure for effective action to improve student learning
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Employment ; Employment and Unemployment ; Gender ; Labor and Employment Law ; Labor Markets ; Law and Development ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: Due to frequent domestic and external shocks, Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world. Located in a sub-region repeatedly challenged by security threats such as the Libyan conflict, the Mali crisis and the Boko Haram armed attacks, the Nigerien economy is exposed to severe climate shocks that largely impact the country's economic performance. Despite going through several episodes of political turbulence, Niger has experienced relative political stability, with beneficial effects for economic growth since 2011. To sum up, Niger is a country that faces the jobs challenges of an agrarian and increasingly resource-based economy, and in which a large part of the population is young, poor and exposed to external and internal shocks. In Niger, most population is poor and lives in rural areas, implying that the jobs with the highest development impact are in agriculture. However, as discussed, jobs per se do not guarantee sufficient income opportunities to escape poverty; as such, increases in productivity are crucial for improving living standards. Moreover, giving the high exposure of poor and rural households to climatic shocks and food insecurity, the new jobs agenda needs to encourage the use of modern and inputs and decrease reliance on rainfall patterns. This book is arranged as follows: 1) Chapter one explains the employment structures in Niger; 2) Chapter two discusses employment dynamics and transitions; 3) Chapter three has the analysis of agricultural employment; 4) Chapter four looks at non-agricultural household enterprises; and 5) Chapter five introduces the youth occupational aspirations
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9781464810657
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 200 Seiten)
    Serie: Directions in Development - Public Sector Governance
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Fragile ; Statistics ; Decision-Making ; Accountability ; Conflict
    Kurzfassung: The need for evidence-based decision making at all levels of government is perhaps greatest in fragile settings. Data deficiencies contribute to state fragility and exacerbate constraints on the capacity to provide basic services, public security, and the rule of law. The lack of robust, good-quality data can also have a disabling effect on government efforts to manage political conflict. Indeed, the lack of data can worsen conflict, since violent settings pose substantial challenges to knowledge generation, capture, andapplication. The development of sustainable and professional data-literate stakeholders who are able to produce and increase the quality and accessibility of official statistics can help to improve development outcomes. Goodquality and reliable statistics are required to track the progress of development policies through the monitoring of performance indicators and targets and to ensure that public resources are achieving results. Although reliable data alone cannot have a transformative effect without the right contextual incentives, they constitute an essential prerequisite for greater accountability and more efficient decision making. Data-Driven Decision Making in Fragile Contexts: Evidence from Sudanexplores methods and insights for datacollection and use in fragile contexts, with a focus on findings from Sudan. It begins by posing several questions on the political economy of data and then sets out a framework for assessing the validity, reliability, and potential impact of data on decision making in fragile settings. It then provides insights regarding the challenges associated with data-driven decision making in Sudan, derived from the 2014-15 United Kingdom's Department for International Development Sudanese household survey. Featured are data-driven analyses of diverse topics, from public service delivery to the interplay of governance, trust, andstate legitimacy. As the data revolution and the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals herald an increasing need to solicit the perceptions and experiences of program beneficiaries, the impetus to develop and deploy good quality survey instruments will increase. This volume provides an important proof of concept that this type ofendeavor is both feasible and useful in fragile contexts and, in combination with other important data collection tools, can be effectively utilized to enrich the evidence base of decision making in these settings
    Anmerkung: Gesehen am 21.08.2018
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9781464810701
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (122 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: Directions in Development;Directions in Development - Human Development
    Serie: Directions in Development - Human Development
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Accountability ; Healthcare ; Provider Effort ; Health System Performance
    Kurzfassung: A growing body of research suggests that the quantity and quality of structural inputs of education and healthcare services such as infrastructure, classroom and medical supplies, and even teacher and medical training are largely irrelevant if teachers and healthcare providers do not exert the requisite effort to translate these inputs into effective teaching and medical service. To exert adquate effort, providers must feel they are accountable for the quality of service they provide. Yet a sense of accountability among providers does not necessarily occur naturally, often requiring mechanisms to monitor and incentivize provider effort. The literature on improving provider accountability has under-emphasized the role of monitoring practices by school principals and chief medical officers. This study begins to fill this gap by investigating the role of within-facility accountability mechanisms in the education and health sectors of Jordan. To do this, an analysis of existing and original data from these sectors was conducted in which the association of within-facility monitoring and provider effort was quantified. The results indicate that within-facility monitoring is underutilized in both sectors and is a consistent predictor of higher provider effort
    Anmerkung: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Schlagwort(e): 2017 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: This Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEQ) reports on the key developments over the past three months in Indonesia's economy as on January 2017. The return of global policy uncertainty and financial market volatility represent risks to Indonesia's growth outlook. However, Indonesia's recent economic performance and policy reforms can help weather these risks. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth eased in third quarter as government consumption fell. The current account deficit narrowed and direct investment was strong in third quarter. Domestic financial conditions remain robust despite recent global headwinds. Fiscal policy credibility was enhanced through expenditure cuts in 2016 and more realistic revenue targets in the approved 2017 Budget. Baseline projections for real GDP growth remain at 5.1 percent for 2016 and 5.3 percent in 2017. Improving the quality of public spending is critical for Indonesia to achieve its development goals in the short to medium term. Student-centered teaching practices result in better student learning outcomes
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): 2017 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: The Indonesian economy strengthened modestly in third quarter(Q3). Economic growth was supported by higher commodity prices, stronger global growth, rebounding international trade, and relatively accommodative monetary and financial conditions. At the same time, domestic conditions improved, with tentative green shoots in private consumption and stronger domestic demand overall. This article addresses three main questions: (i) what happened to local service delivery during decentralization? (ii) how do we move the needle on local government performance in terms of provision of local services? and (iii) what design mechanisms can incentivize local leaders and sub-national governments to improve local service delivery? The authors offer three key policy recommendations to help align incentives to promote service delivery performance by local leaders and public officials: i) implementing good practices for evaluating local government performance; ii) embedding results-orientation into intergovernmental fiscal transfers;l and iii) use transparent and comparative local government performance data to stimulate citizen engagement
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): 2017 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: Indonesia's real gross domestic product (GDP) expanded by 5.0 percent yoy in Q2 2017, unchanged from Q1. Growth rates have been steady at around 5 percent since Q1 2014, lower than those recorded at the beginning of the decade. While this growth rate places Indonesia among the fastest-growing large economies in the world, the lack of an acceleration is a matter of concern, considering the favorable external environment and domestic policy reform momentum. Government consumption is expected to increase in 2018, but deficits will remain contained due to enhanced revenue performance linked to economic growth and tax reforms. It is critical to maintain reform momentum as gaps in physical and human capital, as well as institutional quality, are still significant. The government has begun to take measures, but accelerating the pace of private sector investments to close the infrastructure gap with emerging economies will require further efforts
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): 2017 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: With a robust rate of economic growth, low current account deficit, a conservative fiscal deficit and inflation at a record low, the fundamentals of the Indonesian economy continue to be strong. Despite global policy uncertainty, economic growth strengthened in 2016 on the back of higher private consumption growth. The economic outlook remains positive, supported by a projected pick-up in the global economy and recovering commodity prices, carrying both investment and exports.Major shifts in trade policies among advanced economies, unexpected changes in U.S. monetary policy, political uncertainty in Europe, a protracted period of elevated domestic inflation, and weak fiscal revenues pose significant downside risks. Real GDP growth in Q4 2016 eased to 4.9 percent yoy from 5.0 percent in Q3, as government expenditure continued contracting and import growth rebounded. The 4.0 percent decline in government expenditure was the largest since Q1 2010, due in part to base effects of strong expenditure growth in Q4 2015. Meanwhile investment growth rose and export growth turned positive after eight quarters of contraction, in line with stronger commodity prices
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): 2017 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: The Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEQ) has two main aims. First, it reports on the key developments over the past three months in Indonesia's economy, and places these in a longerterm and global context. Based on these developments, and on policy changes over the period, the IEQ regularly updates the outlook for Indonesia's economy and social welfare. Second, the IEQ provides a more in-depth examination of selected economic and policy issues, and analysis of Indonesia's medium-term development challenges. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Indonesia's evolving economy
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Schlagwort(e): 2015-2016 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: This Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEQ) report discusses about the private investment which is essential for the economic growth of Indonesia. Indonesia needs to adjust to a global economy marked by slower growth, low commodity prices, and weaker trade and capital flows. In the short term, fiscal stimulus will help, but higher private investment is required for a firm recovery. Part C.1 of this edition further explores the issue of logistics sector reform. As Indonesia's economy expanded rapidly since 2000, its freight logistics system has struggled to keep up. Indonesia's transition to a more sustainable energy path can be supported by aligning pricing, regulations, and investment policies. The ultimate objective of the reform agenda is to reverse the recent trend of slower poverty reduction and rising inequality. Indonesians think reducing inequality is an urgent government priority. In addition to social protection programs and eradicating corruption, policies that create better work opportunities topped the list of policies respondents identified as important to address inequality
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9781464809552
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (184 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: Directions in Development;Directions in Development - Public Sector Governance
    Serie: Directions in Development - Public Sector Governance
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Performance Budgeting ; Results ; Accountability ; Efficiency ; Financial Management ; Transparency
    Kurzfassung: Toward Next-Generation Performance Budgeting: Lessons from the Experiences of Seven Reforming Countries analyzes the difficulties that national governments have had in linking measurement of performance and results to the annual budget process. The book is based on intensive reviews of four advanced countries that were early reformers and three pioneers in Central and Eastern Europe. In addition to looking at their current systems, Toward Next-Generation Performance Budgeting looks at how their approaches have evolved over time. This book attempts to fill a gap between survey-based self-assessments and best-practice guides. It was compiled in response to the concerns of budget departments in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, many of which are committed to adopting some form of performance-based budgeting and are seeking to learn from the experiences of previous reformers what the practical challenges are and how they can adapt best-practice approaches to a messy reality. The case studies demonstrate a general pattern of disappointment with the results of performance budgeting, balanced by a strong belief in the underlying logic, which has resulted in repeated efforts to modify approaches to tighten the links between budgeting and performance. These efforts have resulted in significant variation in how countries have implemented performance budgeting and in the benefits they have derived. These variations offer guidance for models of next-generation performance budgeting, avoiding classic pitfalls, and incorporating modifications introduced by those who have used it longest and found it useful
    Anmerkung: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464808258
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (406 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Citizen Participation ; Citizen Voice ; Accountability ; Equitable Growth ; Environmental Sustainability ; Labor Market
    Kurzfassung: Thirty years of economic renovation reforms have catapulted Vietnam from the ranks of the world's poorest countries to one of its great development success stories. Critical ingredients have been visionary leaders, a sense of shared societal purpose, and a focus on the future. Starting in the late 1980s, these elements were successfully fused with the embrace of markets and the global economy. Economic growth since then has been rapid, stable, and inclusive, translating into strong welfare gains for the vast majority of the population. But three decades of success from reforms raises expectations for the future, as aptly captured in the Vietnamese constitution, which sets the goal of 'a prosperous people and a strong, democratic, equitable, and civilized country.' There is a firm aspiration that by 2035, Vietnam will be a modern and industrialized nation moving toward becoming a prosperous, creative, equitable, and democratic society. The Vietnam 2035 report, a joint undertaking of the Government of Vietnam and the World Bank Group, seeks to better comprehend the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. It shows that the country's aspirations and the supporting policy and institutional agenda stand on three pillars: balancing economic prosperity with environmental sustainability; promoting equity and social inclusion to develop a harmonious middle- class society; and enhancing the capacity and accountability of the state to establish a rule of law state and a democratic society. Vietnam 2035 further argues that the rapid growth needed to achieve the bold aspirations will be sustained only if it stands on faster productivity growth and reflects the costs of environmental degradation. Productivity growth, in turn, will benefit from measures to enhance the competitiveness of domestic enterprises, scale up the benefits of urban agglomeration, and build national technological and innovative capacity. Maintaining the record on equity and social inclusion will require lifting marginalized groups and delivering services to an aging and urbanizing middle-class society. And to fulfill the country's aspirations, the institutions of governance will need to become modern, transparent, and fully rooted in the rule of law
    Anmerkung: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Schlagwort(e): 2016 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: This edition of Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEQ) reports on the key developments over the past three months in Indonesia's economy, and provides a more in-depth examination of selected economic and policy issues, and analysis of Indonesia's medium-term development challenges. Global growth was sluggish in the first half of the year, driven by weaker than expected growth in advanced economies. In addition, China's growth eased as expected as the economy continues to rebalance from investment- to consumption led growth, and as excess industrial capacity is reduced. However, import demand from China was weaker than expected. On the upside, the global financial market volatility leading up to and in the aftermath of the Brexit referendum in June has moderated significantly. Lower volatility in financial markets has contributed to the Rupiah's stabilization against the US Dollar (in line with most other emerging market currencies). Indonesia's growth remained resilient in Second Quarter (Q2), partly supported by government expenditure, and is forecast to pick-up gradually on the back of stronger private investment supported by investment climate reforms and credible fiscal policy. This resilience stands in contrast to the performance of several other emerging market commodity exporters
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): 2016 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: This Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEG) quarterly report covers the economic growth of Indonesia as in June 2016. With the global recovery yet to be realized, Indonesia's resilience stands out among commodity exporters. A number of good policies have contributed to Indonesia's resilience. First, prudent monetary and exchange rate policies, along with international financial conditions that are more favorable than a year ago, have helped reduce inflation and stabilize the Rupiah. These factors, as well as lower energy prices, have supported aggregate household consumption. Second, public infrastructure spending has become a priority within Indonesia's limited fiscal space. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth in first quarter (Q1) 2016 was 4.9 percent year-on-year (yoy), with public spending lower than expected. The current account deficit narrowed to 2.1 percent of GDP, as imports fell faster than exports. Fiscal policy in Indonesia has not been very effective in reducing inequality, but the fuel subsidy reform has helped. The 2015 fuel subsidy reform, and related compensation for the poor, has helped reduce inequality, as savings were redirected into infrastructure, health, and social assistance
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9781464804564 , 9781464804571
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (338 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Accountability ; Citizen Engagement ; Civil Service ; Human Resources ; Incentives ; Political Economy ; Public Institutions ; Public Service Delivery ; Public Service Quality ; Social Contract ; Trust ; Voice
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the role of incentives, trust, and engagement as critical determinants of service delivery performance in MENA countries. Focusing on education and health, the report illustrates how the weak external and internal accountability undermines policy implementation and service delivery performance and how such a cycle of poor performance can be counteracted. Case studies of local success reveal the importance of both formal and informal accountability relationships and the role of local leadership in inspiring and institutionalizing incentives toward better service delivery performance. Enhancing services for MENA citizens requires forging a stronger social contract among public servants, citizens, and service providers while empowering communities and local leaders to find 'best fit' solutions. Learning from the variations within countries, especially the outstanding local successes, can serve as a solid basis for new ideas and inspiration for improving service delivery. Such learning may help the World Bank Group and other donors as well as national and local leaders and civil society, in developing ways to enhance the trust, voice, and incentives for service delivery to meet citizens' needs and expectations
    Anmerkung: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9781464807077
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (92 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: World Bank Studies
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Accountability ; Community ; Fragility ; Pedagogy ; Refugees ; Resilience ; SABER ; Systems Approach for Better Education Results ; Teachers ; UNRWA
    Kurzfassung: The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) operates one of the largest nongovernmental school systems in the Middle East. Palestine refugees in UNRWA schools are achieving higher-than-average learning outcomes in spite of the adverse circumstances they live under. This study uses a mixed methods research approach to address the complexity of the research question and its exploratory nature, namely, How do UNRWA schools continually and consistently outperform public schools? This study used the following data collection techniques: econometric techniques to analyze learning achievement data from international and national assessments; the Systems Approach for Better Education Results tools were used to assess different system components, such as teacher effectiveness, school autonomy, and student assessments; Stallings classroom observations provided a structured method to compare teachers' and students' interactions; qualitative data collected through interviews captured the lived experiences of a sample of students. Contrary to what might be expected from a resource-constrained administration serving refugee students who continually face a multitude of adversities, UNRWA students outperform public schools in the three regions-- West Bank and Gaza and Jordan-- by a year's worth of learning. The achievement is a result of the way these schools recruit, prepare, and support teachers; because of instructional practices and pedagogy in the classroom; and because of school leadership, accountability, and mutual support. This has created a distinguished learning community centered on the student. Of note: UNRWA selects, prepares, and supports its education staff to pursue high learning outcomes. Time-on-task is high in UNRWA schools, and is used more effectively than in public schools
    Anmerkung: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9781464803567
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (248 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: Latin America and Caribbean Studies
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Latin America and the rising South
    DDC: 332.098
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wirtschaftslage ; Lateinamerika ; Karibischer Raum ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Weltwirtschaft ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Süden ; Emerging Market ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Außenhandel ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Investition ; domestic savings ; FDI ; Financial integration ; Foreign direct investment ; Global financial network ; Global trade network ; Global value chains ; Globalization ; International Economics and Trade ; Labor market dynamics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Real exchange rate dynamics ; Rise of the south ; Trade Integration ; Trade structure ; Erde ; Lateinamerika
    Kurzfassung: The world economy is not what it used to be twenty years ago. For most of the 20th century, the world economy was characterized by developed (North) countries acting as 'center' to a 'periphery' of developing (South) countries. However, the recent rise of developing economies suggests the need to go beyond this North-South dichotomy. This tectonic re-configuration of the global landscape has brought about significant changes to countries in the Latin America and Caribean (LAC) region. The time is ripe for an in-depth analysis of the dynamics and nature of LAC's external connections.This latest volume in the World Bank Latin American and Caribbean Studies series will focus on the implications of these trends for the economic development of LAC countries. In particular, trade, financial, macroeconomic, and sectoral shifts, as well as labor-market aspects will be systematically analyzed
    Anmerkung: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464805660 , 9781464805677
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (100 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: World Bank Studies
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Labor market dynamics in Libya
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarkt ; Libyen ; Conflict ; Employment ; Fragility ; Jobs ; Labor ; Private Sector Development ; Security ; Skills ; Social Protection
    Kurzfassung: Since the 2011 uprising that toppled the former regime, Libya has been mired in deep political strife. An economy in which agriculture once flourished was converted wholesale to an oil-based rentier state of the most extreme kind. Following the immediate post-revolution oil-consumption boom, in 2014 Libya's economy is in recession. Security is the greatest challenge to stability (World Bank 2014). Today, limited opportunities exist for reintegrating youth and ex-combatants into the labor market. This policy note provides an initial assessment of Libya's labor market and discusses policy options for promoting employability as part of a broader jobs strategy. It is intended as a contribution to evidence on Libya's labor market for the benefit of policy makers, civil society and the broader international community. The report finds that the overall unemployment rate in Libya increased from 13.5 percent in 2010 prior to the uprising to 19 percent as of 2012, having changed little since then. Youth unemployment stands at approximately 48 percent and female unemployment 25 percent. The vast majority (85 percent) of Libya's active labor force is employed in the public sector, a high rate even by regional standards. The rate for women is even higher (93 percent). Employment in industry (largely the oil sector) and agriculture accounts for only 10 percent of the labor force. While nearly all public sector workers are covered by some form of social insurance, only 46 percent of private sector workers are enrolled - a striking difference. The report further discusses the implications of Libyan jobseeker profiles. Thirty percent of firms have reported difficulty in recruiting qualified Libyan nationals. Only 15-30 percent of Libya's labor force is relatively skilled and likely could be hired readily if given access to basic job training and job search assistance. For the remainder of the unemployed work force, targeted interventions would need to be designed for advanced skills development, vocational training, reconversion, and apprenticeship and entrepreneurship programs. The report discusses options for shifting Libya from a rentier state to a diversified, productive economy through economic and technical partnerships to help accelerate creating economic opportunities and jobs
    Anmerkung: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464804618
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (88 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: Directions in Development - Trade
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Comparative Advantage ; Exchange Rate ; Export Champions ; Export Growth ; Export-Promotion ; Exporter Dynamics ; Firm Size Distribution ; Firm-Level Data ; Global Value Chains ; International Economics and Trade ; Job Creation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Trade Sanctions
    Kurzfassung: While other emerging regions have been thriving, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region's aggregate export performance over the past two decades has been consistently weak. Using detailed firm-level export data from Customs administrations, Champions Wanted explains why. One central finding of the book is that the size distribution of MENA's exporting firms is suggestive of a critical weakness at the top. With the exception of the top firm, MENA's elite exporters are smaller and weaker compared to their peers in other regions. The largest exporter is alone at the top-Zidane without a team. MENA countries have failed to nurture a group of export champions, which critically contribute to export success in other regions. Part of the reason behind this weak export performance is the lack of a competitive real exchange rate. The deleterious effects of an uncompetitive currency can be traced all the way down to the firm level, hurting expansion at the intensive and extensive margins and preventing the emergence of export takeoffs. The lack of heavyweight exporters at the top of the distribution also reflects the region's failure to push for trade and business climate reforms energetically. Finally, the region's prevalent cronyism and corruption under pre-Arab Spring regimes (at least) confirms that business-government ties have led to distortionary allocation of favors and rent dissipation by beneficiary firms, with little evidence that those firms have developed into national champions or helped lift the region's export performance. The possibility of state capture in itself should call for caution when advocating any form of government intervention. In contrast, some interventions, such as export promotion programs, show some effects on smaller exporters. However, because these firms are marginal in trade, such programs cannot be game changers. More broadly, the success of MENA countries in promoting export growth and diversification, as well as generating jobs, depends heavily on their ability to create an environment where large firms can invest and expand exports and new, efficient firms can rise to the top. This book offers some policy leads on how to achieve this goal
    Anmerkung: Description based on print version record
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  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Seiten)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): 2015 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: The Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEQ) has two main aims. First, it reports on the key developments over the past three months in Indonesia's economy, and places these in a longerterm and global context. Based on these developments, and on policy changes over the period, the IEQ regularly updates the outlook for Indonesia's economy and social welfare. Second, the IEQ provides a more in-depth examination of selected economic and policy issues, and analysis of Indonesia's medium-term development challenges. It is intended for a wide audience, including policymakers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Indonesia's evolving economy. This paper discusses about the economic conditions of Indonesia for the year 2015. Emerging market assets rebounded in October 2015 after the sharp losses recorded in August and September, when the uncertainty about the Chinese economic slowdown and the U.S. interest rate outlook was particularly high. Despite a more favorable market sentiment, capital flows to emerging economies have remained weak and borrowing costs relatively high. In addition to tight financing conditions, Indonesia faced subdued external demand for its exports in the near term and persistently low commodity prices over the medium run. In 2015, fire in Indonesia cost nearly twice that of reconstruction following the 2004 tsunami in Aceh. Agriculture and forestry have sustained losses and damages in trillions. Sustained exposure to haze could also lead to the volcano effect, id est, a decrease in plant productivity in the short term due to limited sun exposure and a deleterious effect on plant physiology and photosynthesis. The recurring nature of Indonesia's fire crisis is of particular concern. Another potential step in Indonesia's new reform process was the country's signaling its intention to join the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement in the near future. Whether membership materializes or not, the agreement is likely to have a limited impact on trade, because import tariffs in member countries are already low and Indonesia has trade agreements with most of them
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  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): 2015 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: The Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEQ) has two main aims. First, it reports on the key developments over the past three months in Indonesia's economy, and places these in a longerterm and global context. Based on these developments, and on policy changes over the period, the IEQ regularly updates the outlook for Indonesia's economy and social welfare. Second, the IEQ provides a more in-depth examination of selected economic and policy issues, and analysis of Indonesia's medium-term development challenges. It is intended for a wide audience, including policymakers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Indonesia's evolving economy. This quarterly report covers the economic growth of Indonesia as in October 2015. Indonesia's growth moderation has continued and an uncertain external environment has further limited the room for both monetary and fiscal stimulus and has turned the government's focus to structural and fiscal reforms to raise investor confidence in Indonesia. The government recognizes the need to improve business confidence and the investment climate in order to enhance Indonesia's potential growth rate and has taken several important steps in this direction. In addition to the policy packages, the draft 2016 State Budget signals the objective of further improving the composition of public expenditures by strengthening social programs and by redirecting spending from energy subsidies to infrastructure development. Timely and effective implementation of these reforms will contribute to returning to a higher sustainable pace of growth
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