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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (974)
  • 2015-2019  (972)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (974)
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  • Science and Technology  (295)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 121 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 218
    Schlagwort(e): Aluminium ; Wertschöpfung ; Metallmarkt ; Subvention ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report builds on the OECD’s longstanding work measuring government support in agriculture, fossil fuels, and fisheries in order to estimate support and related market distortions in the aluminium value chain. Results show that non-market forces, and government support in particular, appear to explain some of the recent increases in aluminium-smelting capacity. While government support is commonly found throughout the aluminium value chain, it is especially heavy in the People’s Republic of China and countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Looking across the whole value chain also shows subsidies upstream to confer significant support to downstream activities, such as the production of semi-fabricated products of aluminium. Overall, market distortions appear to be a genuine concern in the aluminium industry, and one that has implications for global competition and the design of trade rules disciplining government support.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 227
    Schlagwort(e): Multinationales Unternehmen ; Auslandsinvestition ; Außenhandel ; Wertschöpfung ; Unternehmenskooperation ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Global value chains (GVCs) have sharpened the interdependencies between trade and foreign direct investment (FDI). Using a novel micro-level dataset covering about 27 000 corporate relationships of 147 multinational enterprises (MNEs) in 13 sectors, new evidence is provided on how firms organise their production globally by combining trade with investment, and on a range of non-equity, contract-based partnerships. The analysis leads to five stylised facts. First, MNE activities are a combination of trade, FDI and strategic partnerships. All firms rely on a mix of these different types of corporate relationships. Second, the configuration of trade, investment and strategic partnerships varies across sectors, firms and markets. The results highlight considerable firm-level heterogeneity within the same industry and across the different modes of entry. Third, investment performs various functions in GVCs. In addition to traditional forms of FDI such as “market-seeking” or “input-seeking”, investment “in capabilities” or “conglomerate” FDI also account for a relevant share of equity-based relationships. Fourth, support business functions emerge as key building blocks in GVCs, which suggests that policy reforms in transversal services sectors that support all GVCs should merit special attention. Fifth, GVCs display a clear geographical organisation. While domestic corporate relationships may lead to higher volumes of activities, in terms of the number of relationships MNEs have more partners abroad. Moreover, the large majority of GVC interactions take place within OECD countries. Overall, the complex and heterogeneous interlinkages observed in modern firm strategies highlight the importance of ensuring a level playing field for both trade and investment.
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  • 3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 229
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in generating economic activity and employment in developing and developed countries. However, partly due to remaining at-the-border trade costs, SMEs continue to be less represented in international trade – as direct exporters or importers – than larger firms. Drawing on cross-country data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), together with the OECD Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (TEC), this paper looks at the relationship between the trade facilitation environment – as measured through the OECD Trade Facilitation Indicators (TFIs) – and various measures of international engagement of SMEs. While there are differentiated impacts across firm size for different trade facilitation areas, the analysis shows that firms of all sizes across both developed and developing economies benefit from improvements in the overall trade facilitation environment, helping them export and import. However, on aggregate, smaller firms benefit more from improvements in the overall trade facilitation environment relative to large firms. The analysis also suggests that some trade facilitation measures matter more in addressing fixed versus variable costs for SMEs and provides some guidance as to what trade facilitation policy reforms might be prioritised.
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 240 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 230
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a broad overview of some of the issues that digital trade raises for ASEAN countries and its MSMEs, including new opportunities that digitalisation presents for ASEAN firms to increase trade. However, it shows that adoption of relatively simple digital tools, such as webpages, remains relatively low, constraining the ability of ASEAN SMEs to engage in trade as exporters and importers. The paper argues that, to benefit from digital trade, policy makers need to consider issues related to accessing digital networks jointly with a range of old and new trade issues.
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  • 5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 232
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Digital transformation has enabled easier tradability of traditional services across borders and the emergence of new services that create value from data. But the benefits derived from digitalisation risk being derailed by existing and emerging trade barriers. The OECD Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (Digital STRI) is a new tool that identifies, catalogues, and quantifies cross-cutting barriers between 2014 and 2018 that affect trade in digitally-enabled services across all G20 countries. This index is comprised of a regulatory database of existing trade barriers based on publicly available laws and regulations, as well as composite indices that measure the trade restrictiveness of these policies. The Digital STRI shows that the regulatory environment is complex and diverse across G20 countries, and that there is scope to reduce trade barriers, particularly with respect to communications infrastructure and burdensome measures that affect cross-border data transfers. The Digital STRI can also map regulatory heterogeneity across the G20, and help monitor regulatory convergence, e.g. from regulatory cooperation in trade agreements.
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 73
    Serie: Decarbonising transport
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Postsektor ; Kurierdienst ; Motorrad ; Elektrofahrzeug ; Südkorea ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Korea, Republic of ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report evaluates the costs and benefits of replacing postal delivery motorcycles with electric vehicles in eight Korean cities. It compares operating costs, safety performance, and environmental impacts based on data collected from a field trial with both vehicle types. In addition to the economic analysis, qualitative aspects are also discussed based on the findings of a focus group study. The results from the pilot programme provide an evidence base for policy initiatives in the delivery sector in Korea and beyond.
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  • 7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers no. 17 (January 2019)
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Unconventional monetary policy ; productivity ; capital reallocation ; bond markets ; United States ; United States ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: We examine the relationship between lax monetary policy, access to high-yield bond markets and productivity in the US between 2008 and 2016. Using monetary policy surprises, obtained from changes in interest rates futures in narrow windows around FOMC announcements, we isolate the increased access to high-yield bond markets relative to investment-grade bond markets that is due to unconventional monetary policy (UMP). We find that through the risk-taking channel, UMP has increased investors’ appetite for high-yield US corporate bonds, thereby increasing access to high-yield bond markets for firms with a higher risk profile. Since the relationship between credit ratings and firm-level productivity is U-shaped, the aggregate effect on productivity is a priori unclear. Turning to the real economy, we thus analyse whether this additional access to finance had an effect on aggregate productivity by altering the reallocation of resources across firms. Our results show that unconventional monetary policy induced less investment in tangible capital by high-productive firms. However, before drawing conclusions on the net effects of UMP on aggregate productivity, we discuss a number of issues that this paper could not deal with due to data limitations, including prominently whether this apparent misallocation may have been offset by a shift in the composition of investments towards more intangible investment.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 219
    Schlagwort(e): Internationaler Markteintritt ; Digitalisierung ; Elektronischer Datenaustausch ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The digital transformation has had a profound impact on international trade, lowering barriers to internationalisation and contributing to growing trade competitiveness, but at the same time making international trade transactions more complex. Distinctions between goods and services and between modes of delivery have become blurred, and trade today must not only to be faster and more reliable, but also meet a range of regulatory requirements that differ across markets, including those related to privacy, consumer protection and security. Against this backdrop, this paper suggests that new and more holistic approaches to market openness are needed for the 21st century. These should take into consideration issues that span goods, services and digital networks more jointly and involve more international dialogue between a range of stakeholders and policy communities. The paper then discusses how principles of good regulatory practice in relation to market openness – in particular, transparency, non-discrimination, interoperability and avoidance of unnecessary trade restrictiveness – can provide guidance when approaching some of these emerging challenges, with a view to helping inform policy makers as they consider rules for the digital age.
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 220
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic Commerce ; Elektronischer Datenaustausch ; Grenze ; Datensicherheit ; Datenschutz ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The ubiquitous exchange of data across borders has given rise to a range of concerns by governments and citizens about some of the effects of so much information being collected and used, often without the knowledge of data subjects. This has led countries to condition or prohibit the transfer of data abroad, affecting trade in the process. This paper develops an indicative taxonomy of domestic approaches to cross-border data flow regulation and local storage requirements; it then surveys international instruments that address the question of international data transfers. The paper then examines the issues that data flow restrictions might raise for consumers and businesses. Against this backdrop, the paper highlights the challenge of finding balance between ensuring that important objectives, such as consumer privacy and security, are met while maintaining the benefits from free flows of data, including the benefits from increased and more inclusive digital trade.
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 221
    Schlagwort(e): Dienstleistungssektor ; Digitalisierung ; Online-Handel ; Digitale Dienste ; Handelshemmnisse ; OECD-Staaten ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The rapid acceleration of digital transformation has had profound implications for services trade but the benefits of digitalisation risk being derailed by existing and emerging trade barriers. The OECD Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (Digital STRI) is a new tool that identifies, catalogues, and quantifies cross-cutting barriers that affect services traded digitally. It consists of two components, the regulatory database and indices, which bring together comparable information from 44 countries. The Digital STRI shows a diverse and complex global regulatory environment affecting trade in digitally enabled services. Moreover, over the past years, the indices show an increasingly tightening regulatory environment highlighting that further international cooperation and dialogue is needed to maximise the benefits of digitalisation.
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  • 12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 222
    Schlagwort(e): Technologietransfer ; Außenhandel ; Auslandsinvestition ; Wettbewerb ; Immaterielle Werte ; Innovation ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Concerns are growing about policies and measures that restrict market access with the effect of “forcing” technology transfer. Efforts to target forced technology transfer are complicated by the sometimes blurred line between voluntary and mutually agreed upon technology transfers and that which is perceived to be, or is in fact, compelled. This study presents a discussion of the continuum of measures related to international technology transfer (ITT) and aims to identify those measures that pose the greatest concern over their potential to compel disclosure of commercially valuable and sensitive technology. It then briefly presents information on provisions in international trade and investment agreements that are relevant to ITT. The last section presents the perspective from the private sector in order to better understand how firms engage in technology transfers through research collaboration, licensing, joint ventures, and equity investments. The analysis in this report indicates that involuntary technology transfer is a complex issue, and it aims to provide a way for policy makers to think through the issues, to apply a systematic and analytical approach to assessing which policies are of the greatest concern.
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  • 13
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 223
    Schlagwort(e): Dienstleistungshandel ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Handelshemmnisse ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents new data on regulatory barriers affecting services trade within the European Economic Area (EEA), covering 25 EEA countries, 22 sectors and five years (2014-2018). Following the methodology of the OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI), qualitative information is scored and weighted to produce binary composite indices. The resulting intra-EEA STRIs reveal that services trade restrictiveness within the Single Market is considerably lower than the applied MFN regime of those EEA members. Moreover, they show that EEA members have achieved significant regulatory harmonisation through their integration process.
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  • 14
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 224
    Schlagwort(e): Außenhandel ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Handelsabkommen ; Gravitationsmodell ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Cutting trade costs, especially those stemming from non-tariff measures, is a growing priority for policy makers. One way to achieve this is for countries to improve their co-operation on regulatory matters. An avenue open to governments is to include provisions related to international regulatory co-operation (IRC) into preferential trade agreements (PTAs). However, there exists little empirical evidence of the benefits of these co-operative mechanisms. This paper provides this evidence, in the context of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) provisions. It measures the effect of IRC mechanisms on trade flows using the latest developments in the gravity literature and the most recent data sources. The work distinguishes between different forms of co-operation implemented between countries within PTAs while also accounting for the level of commitment between partners. The estimation results suggest that PTAs including SPS and TBT measures have a significant and positive effect on trade flows, with the legal enforceability of IRC mechanisms having the strongest and most robust impact on trade flows. This result holds even when WTO-related provisions and dispute settlement procedures are controlled for, implying that binding commitments are important in maximizing post-PTA trade flows. The work shows that transparency and co-operation are significant and robust factors in increasing trade. It also reinforces the view that the impact takes some time to materialise, which is important when evaluating the effectiveness of deep IRC mechanisms.
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  • 15
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 225
    Schlagwort(e): Dienstleistungshandel ; Arbeitskräftepotenzial ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Befristete Beschäftigung ; Teilzeitarbeit ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; Trade ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents new cross-country evidence on labour market transitions in sectors exposed to growing volumes of international trade, and the job characteristics of workers employed in these sectors. It shows that export growth is significantly associated with lower job loss risk. In commercial services sectors, exports offer over-proportional employment opportunities to those currently outside the workforce. Men and women are not always impacted identically. For example, involuntary part time employment amongst women falls with growing export volumes, while there is no such effect for men. These results show that the distributional effects of international trade are not limited to wage effects or net changes in employment numbers and highlight the need for a comprehensive assessment of trade implications for individual workers.
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 226
    Schlagwort(e): Outsourcing ; Auslandsverlagerung ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Strukturwandel ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: About 40% of employment in manufacturing is in services functions. This paper develops a measure of narrow outsourcing, matching services functions performed by workers inside manufacturing firms to the same services functions provided by outside suppliers. The measure allows us to analyse the competition that, say, workers at the IT services desk in manufacturing firms face from outside IT suppliers. Narrow outsourcing is entered into labour demand functions where labour is broken down on business functions using OECD data combined with the 2016 releases of the World Input Output Database (WIOD). On average, a one percentage point increase in narrow local outsourcing of services reduces manufacturing employment in the same services function by between 1.5% (R&D) and 3% (transport). The impact of offshoring on manufacturing labour demand is small on average, but depends strongly on the complexity of the value chain, the policy environment and technology. Manufacturing employment is more services intensive the longer the value chain. In-house IT functions complement and support offshored IT functions, while offshored R&D functions tend to replace in-house R&D. Tentatively, technology as measured by IT maturity and the length of the value chain is more important for employment in services functions in manufacturing than is offshoring.
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  • 17
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 126
    Schlagwort(e): Agraraußenhandel ; Handelspräferenzen ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; WTO-Recht ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Preferential trading agreements are becoming a more common feature of the global agro food trading environment, a trend that has increased since the early 2000s. While they increasingly cover the majority of trade worldwide, there remains a question as to the extent to which their treatment of agriculture has changed over time, and whether the liberalising elements contained in these agreements are increasingly addressing distortions in world agro-food markets. This paper presents findings on the evolution of the treatment of agriculture within preferential trade agreements. Changes in various aspects of liberalisation achieved through these agreements have been explored, such as provisions related to market access, export competition and domestic support. The report finds that agriculture appears to be increasingly treated in a similar manner to other goods trade, with expansion in the scope of agreements extending to agriculture. Agreements are delivering reduced tariffs among members across the majority of agricultural commodities – however, heterogeneity of rules of origin between agreements is likely to be undermining these benefits. Reflecting multilateral rules, provisions related to Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures and Technical Barriers to Trade have become a standard feature of agreements. Overall, preferential trade agreements are strongly influenced by the multilateral framework.
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  • 18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 120 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 231
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Although global value chain (GVCs) participation in Southeast Asia has been growing, little is known about whether the benefits from participation are accruing to larger firms or if small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which make up the majority of companies and employ the bulk of the domestic workforce, are also able to take advantage of the new opportunities on offer. This paper uses detailed firm level data from Southeast Asian countries to split the OECD Trade in Value Added database and map how SMEs have been participating in GVCs. It then identifies the benefits associated with this participation and looks into the policy levers that can help make GVC participation in the region more inclusive. It suggest that policy makers focus on: i) reducing trade costs that hit SMEs hardest; including tariffs, trade agreements and trade facilitation; ii) creating an enabling environment to promote domestic linkages so that SMEs can create partnerships with larger firms and multinationals to export indirectly; and iii) reducing non-tariff measures that are especially onerous for SMEs through wider ASEAN regulatory harmonisation and adopting more flexible rules of origin.
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  • 19
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 228
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Corruption at the border distorts resource allocation, undermines the level playing field for businesses, hampers the attractiveness of affected markets, and may result in significant revenue losses for developing countries. Trade facilitation policies could potentially reduce the incentives and the opportunities for corruption. This paper explores potential determinants of border-related corruption and trade facilitation policies most likely to address it. Countries with higher integrity at the border are found to also have more efficient border processes. Measures that appear to particularly support integrity at the border include transparency and predictability, streamlining of formalities – through simplification of documents, more automation of processes at different levels of complexity, or improved procedures along the border transaction chain – and coordinated border management.
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  • 20
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers no. 18 (January 2019)
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents new evidence on industry concentration trends in Europe and in North America. It uses two novel data sources: representative firm-level concentration measures from the OECD MultiProd project, and business-group-level concentration measures using matched Orbis-Worldscope-Zephyr data. Based on the MultiProd data, it finds that between 2001 and 2012 the average industry across 10 European economies saw a 2-3-percentage-point increase in the share of the 10% largest companies in industry sales. Using the Orbis-Worldscope-Zephyr data, it documents a clear increase in industry concentration in Europe as well as in North America between 2000 and 2014 of the order of 4-8 percentage points for the average industry. Over the period, about 3 out of 4 (2-digit) industries in each region saw their concentration increase. The increase is observed for both manufacturing and non-financial services and is not driven by digital-intensive sectors.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 21
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers no. 19 (October 2019)
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Productivity growth has declined in most advanced economies in the past two decades and there are signs that the pace of global value chain (GVC) integration has slowed in the post-crisis period. This paper explores the role of GVCs - international trade in intermediate inputs - for multi-factor productivity growth using a range of cross-country industry-level data sources. We find that greater participation in GVCs is associated with faster domestic productivity growth at the industry level. We estimate that if GVCs had continued to grow at their pre-crisis trend, productivity growth would have been around 1 percentage point faster over the subsequent five years in both manufacturing and services. We also find that the productivity-enhancing direction of trade differs between sectors. For manufacturing sectors, greater use of intermediate inputs from foreign sources (backward participation) is linked with faster productivity growth, reflecting the beneficial effects of having access to better quality or cheaper inputs. For services sectors, it is more the sales of intermediates (forward participation) that is associated with productivity gains, in line with the traditional role of services in foreign trade as providing inputs to other activities. Looking by partner country, GVC participation with higher productivity countries is particularly productivity enhancing. We also find that GVC integration spurs greater domestic innovation activity.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 22
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 233
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The debate about whether or not to extend the WTO Moratorium on imposing customs duties on electronic transmissions has, to date, narrowly focused on its potential customs revenue implications. This paper sets out to broaden and deepen this debate. First, by putting current estimates of the customs revenue implications into perspective, showing that potential losses tend to be low relative to overall government revenue. Second, by deepening the debate on the cost of tariffs, arguing that these are unstable sources of revenue, that they are associated with lower output and productivity and that their burden falls mainly on domestic consumers, not foreign firms. Third, by broadening the debate to consider the benefits associated with electronic transmissions, including growing consumer welfare and export competitiveness. The paper argues that, overall, the revenue implications of the Moratorium are likely to be relatively small and that its lapse would come at the expense of wider gains in the economy.
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  • 23
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 111 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 234
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report builds on the OECD’s longstanding work measuring government support in agriculture, fossil fuels, fisheries, and more recently in the aluminium value chain in order to estimate producer support and related market distortions in the semiconductor value chain. Results for 21 large firms operating across the semiconductor value chain indicate that total government support has exceeded USD 50 billion over the period 2014-18. Government support provided in the form of below-market debt and equity appears to be particularly large in the context of the semiconductor industry and concentrated in one jurisdiction. Other types of support identified include support for R&D and investment incentives, which benefitted all firms studied in this report. The report also discusses the implications that these findings have for trade rules, and in particular for subsidy disciplines in a context of growing government involvement in semiconductor production and poor transparency of support measures.
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  • 24
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going digital: Back to the future
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Finland leads the climate charge in the Arctic Council
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Trade ; Finland
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Science and AI: Don’t forget the human factor…
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finland
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Economics ; Finland
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Finland
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trois atouts qui doivent permettre à la Finlande de garder une longueur d’avance
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Observer Roundtable on Finland
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finland
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (5 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Are platform workers really their own boss?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The secret to Finnish education: Trust
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Economics ; Finland
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Three reasons why Finland can stay on top
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Where are all the women in tech?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Experimental Finland
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Finland
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going digital and creating that butterfly
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The last (plastic) straw?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digital planet: How smart technologies can help us solve our climate and infrastructure challenges
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Planète numérique : les technologies intelligentes peuvent nous aider à faire face aux problèmes climatiques et d’infrastructures
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe La Finlande mène l’offensive contre le changement climatique au Conseil de l’Arctique
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Trade ; Finland
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Science et intelligence artificielle : n’oublions pas le facteur humain…
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quels sont les Principes de l’OCDE sur l’IA ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe What are the OECD Principles on AI?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Artificial Bias
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 47
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Biais artificiels
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le plastique n’est plus fantastique
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 49
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe La transformation numérique, ou la métamorphose d’une chenille en papillon
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 51
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe La transformation numérique : Retour vers le futur
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
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  • 52
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Technologie : où sont les femmes ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 53
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les travailleurs des plateformes en ligne sont-ils vraiment leur propre patron ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 54
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264429208 , 9789264580145 , 9789264924338
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (112 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Kurzfassung: The German vocational education and training (VET) system is admired around the world for its ability to prepare young people for skilled employment. In Germany, VET smooths transitions into work and is closely aligned with labour market demand. This report focuses on an unprecedented test of the German VET system: how to respond to the significant increase in migrants who arrived in the country in 2015-16. The study explores both the opportunities and the challenges presented by migration. Germany has already devoted significant attention to VET as a mechanism for enabling integration – and for good reason. Work-based learning assists integration because it demonstrably gives learners skills that employers want in real-world settings. The report assesses the barriers faced by learners in their journeys into and through VET, exploring how such challenges can be addressed. In addition, the study looks at system-wide issues in relation to how VET provision and integration policy is governed. Lastly, it explores opportunities for increased flexibility in the German VET system of relevance to all youth at risk of not succeeding in VET. In responding to migrant needs, German VET can become more inclusive without reducing quality
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveroeffentlichers)
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  • 55
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264985971
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (62 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Bergseng, Benedicte Vocational education and training in Bulgaria
    Schlagwort(e): Berufsbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Bulgarien ; Education ; Employment ; Bulgaria ; Bulgarien ; Berufsausbildung
    Kurzfassung: Over recent years, Bulgaria has shown great willingness to reform its vocational education and training (VET). Significant challenges remain, however, relating notably to the system’s responsiveness to labour market needs and its capacity to ensure equitable outcomes for learners. This report is a focused review of two predefined issues, the governance and funding of VET. These are two fundamental elements within the delivery of skilled VET graduates. The report assesses the strengths of the Bulgarian VET system and the challenges it faces when it comes to governance and funding and suggests policy responses for how these challenges can be addressed. Four specific challenges are identified linked to the governance of the VET system: decision-making powers and capacity; the use of data and evidence to inform policy decisions; social partner engagement; and, oversight of adult VET learning provision. With regard to VET funding, both school level financial autonomy, and the capacity to act upon increased flexibilities, are currently modest. The report argues that potential exists to strengthen collaboration between schools and employers to achieve increased cost-sharing between government and private firms. Finally, more can be done to improve equity in VET delivery through Bulgaria’s funding formula.
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  • 56
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264366169
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Kitchen, Hannah OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungswesen ; Bewertung ; Nordmazedonien ; Education ; Governance ; North Macedonia ; Nordmazedonien ; Bildungswesen ; Evaluation
    Kurzfassung: How can assessment and evaluation policies work together more effectively to improve student outcomes in primary and secondary schools? The country reports in this series analyse major issues facing evaluation and assessment policy to identify improvements that can be made to enhance the quality, equity and efficiency of school education. The Republic of North Macedonia has made remarkable progress in expanding access to education and strengthening institutional capacity. Yet, the majority of young Macedonians leave school without mastering the basic competencies for life and work and students’ background continues to influence performance. This review, developed in cooperation with UNICEF, provides North Macedonia with recommendations to help strengthen its evaluation and assessment system, by moving towards a system where assessment provides students with helpful feedback to improve learning. It will be of interest to North Macedonia, as well as other countries looking to make more effective use of their evaluation and assessment system to improve quality and equity, and result in better outcomes for all students.
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  • 57
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264489158 , 9789264584877 , 9789264554290
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Digital government review of Sweden
    Schlagwort(e): E-Government ; Schweden ; Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Behörde ; E-Government
    Kurzfassung: This digital government review asseses the state of data-driven policies and initiatives in the Swedish public sector. It explores the underlying institutional governance and co-ordination arrangements for digital government in the country, and their impact on policy implementation. It also discusses data-sharing and managing initiatives, data governance and open government data practices. The review looks at how Sweden could better share knowledge, promote innovation and improve collaboration both across the public sector and with external stakeholders. Finally, it highlights how the government can use data to build a closer relationship with citizens in order to address policy challenges, improve public service delivery, and, ultimately, strengthen public trust.
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  • 58
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264744202 , 9789264522008 , 9789264728882
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Investing in Youth
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Finnland ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finland ; Finnland ; Jugendpolitik ; Bildungspolitik ; Junger Arbeitnehmer
    Kurzfassung: The series Investing in Youth builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. It covers both OECD countries and key emerging economies. The report on Finland presents new results from a comprehensive analysis of the situation of young people in Finland, exploiting various sources of survey-based and administrative data. It provides a detailed assessment of education, employment and social policies in Finland from an international perspective, and offers tailored recommendations to help improve the school-to-work transition. Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017), Norway (2018) and Peru (2019).
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264723016 , 9789264406964 , 9789264634312
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Educational Research and Innovation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Kuhl, Patricia, 1946 - Developing minds in the digital age
    DDC: 016.403
    Schlagwort(e): Bildung ; Digitalisierung ; Learning, Psychology of ; Learning Social aspects ; Educational technology ; Educational Technology ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Psychologie de l'apprentissage ; Apprentissage - Aspect social ; Technologie éducative ; Educational technology ; Learning, Psychology of ; Learning - Social aspects ; Computerunterstütztes Lernen
    Kurzfassung: This book highlights new scientific research about how people learn, including interdisciplinary perspectives from neuroscience, the social, cognitive and behavioural sciences, education, computer and information sciences, artificial intelligence/machine learning, and engineering. These new developments offer fascinating new perspectives, based on technological advances, which enable a re-examination of longstanding problems in learning, raise new questions, and offer new approaches to the study of learning. This report seeks to catalyse discussions on the implications of these research findings for education practice and policy, and in turn, on how knowledge and experience from real-world education practice and policy could challenge and inform research agendas and theory building.
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  • 60
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264449756 , 9789264312524 , 9789264727359
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Inovācijas, lauksaimniecības produktivitāte un ilgtspējība Latvijā
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in Latvia
    Schlagwort(e): Agrartechnik ; Innovation ; Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Nachhaltigkeit ; !09137510X!f ; Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Latvia
    Kurzfassung: Latvia, a member of the European Union since 2004, is a small, dynamic and open economy that has successfully transitioned from central planning to a market economy. The reforms undertaken have driven progress, although from generally low levels and at a slower pace in agriculture than for the economy as a whole. This report examines the conditions under which farms and businesses in the food and agriculture sector in Latvia undertake innovation to become more productive and environmentally sustainable. It identifies opportunities as well as challenges that need to be addressed. These include economy wide skills shortage, emigration and population decline and urban concentration of population and services. At the sectoral level, these include the use of agricultural payments to support a large number of non-commercial farms and the high level of unpaid farm labour. To meet these challenges, agricultural innovation can be harnessed to improve the sector’s productivity, as well as the sustainability and efficiency of the food system. This report provides a series of recommendations that should allow agricultural policies to contribute to a well-functioning innovation system that can meet the challenges that lie ahead.
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  • 61
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264802803 , 9789264596498 , 9789264409392
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Skills Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Beyond proficiency
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsforschung ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsene ; Statistische Methode ; Education
    Kurzfassung: Computer-based administration of large-scale assessments makes it possible to collect a rich set of information on test takers, through analysis of the log files recording interactions between the computer interface and the server. This report examines timing and engagement indicators from the Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), both of which indicate large differences across countries and socio-demographic groups, in the amount of time spent by respondents and their levels of disengagement, which reduce the probability of giving a correct answer and consequently reduces measured performance. Such insights can help policy makers, researchers and educators to better understand respondents’ cognitive strategies and the underlying causes of low and high performance. This, in turn, can help improve the design of assessments and lead to more effective training and learning programmes.
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  • 62
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264312548 , 9789264441590 , 9789264661950
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Implementing Education Policies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Strong foundations for quality and equity in Mexican schools
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsreform ; Schulpolitik ; Qualität ; Mexiko ; Education ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Bildungspolitik ; Schule
    Kurzfassung: This report presents an assessment of Mexico's recent education reforms. Education systems worldwide require continued policy efforts in essential areas to improve student learning, such as: the need to prioritise equity; providing learning environments that are fit for the 21st century; ensuring that schools are run and staffed by high-quality professionals who are well supported; and designing evaluation and assessment frameworks that support schools and assist policy makers in promoting effective student learning and quality of education for all. Mexico's education system has evolved in this direction, but many of the recent reforms need time to mature and flexibility to be adjusted to ensure schools can deliver quality education. In Mexico, like in many other countries, there is a considerable distance between national policy making and the learning that happens in schools. Closing this gap requires substantial resources, capacity and support from state authorities, who have an important role to play as operators of the system, as well as from education stakeholders across the country. In complex education systems, implementation is not only about executing the policy but also building and fine-tuning it collaboratively. This OECD report aims to support Mexico in this endeavour.
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  • 63
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264573048
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Implementing Education Policies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Improving school quality in Norway
    Schlagwort(e): Schulpolitik ; Qualität ; Norwegen ; Education ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Schulpolitik ; Qualität
    Kurzfassung: Norway is committed to a high quality and equitable education system, as demonstrated by its high level of public expenditure on education and the dynamic policy activity targeting education quality. Despite progress made in enhancing average student performance in recent years, there still are significant differences between schools in municipalities and between municipalities and regions. In response, Norway has started to implement the new competence development model that sets out to develop teacher professionalism with in-service professional development. With this new policy, the Government of Norway aims to provide municipalities and schools with greater freedom of action and empower them to carry out systematic school improvements at the local level. This decentralised approach would respond to local context and the diversity of needs between Norwegian schools. This report aims to support Norway in this effort, analysing the features of the new model, the engagement of the different stakeholders and the policy context for its introduction. Building on the OECD implementation framework, the report proposes concrete actions to adapt the implementation strategy for impact. The report will be valuable not only for Norway, but also to the many countries that are looking to promote school-based professional development and bridge the gap between policy design and effective implementation.
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  • 64
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264509009
    Sprache: Mehrsprachig
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and high quality photographs to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the Chicory standard. It is thus a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade of Chicory.
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  • 65
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264834392 , 9789264433854 , 9789264716735
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (137 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Pathways
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio multidimensional de Paraguay : Volumen 3. Del Análisis a la Acción
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Paraguay ; volume 3: From analysis to action
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Paraguay
    Kurzfassung: Paraguay has set itself ambitious development goals for 2030. To achieve them, it will have to tackle two major challenges: buttressing sources of sustainable economic prosperity and putting the country on a more inclusive development path. Progressing towards a more inclusive society will require a broad and vigorous reform agenda. First, the country’s healthcare system requires systemic reform to widen its coverage, reduce Paraguayans’ vulnerability in the face of health risks and increase the efficiency of health service provision. Second, the social protection system needs to overcome its fragmentation and become more effective in delivering the right services and risk management tools to citizens according to their needs. In particular, the pension system requires reforms to increase its coverage and become more equitable and more sustainable. Third, the quality and the inclusiveness of its education and training system need to be strengthened to generate the skills the economy needs, and provide opportunities to all. Based on the analysis and recommendations undertaken in Volumes 1 and 2 of this Multi-dimensional country review, this report identifies key areas for action and presents targeted action plans to kick-start reform. The report also provides a dashboard of monitoring indicators to support the reform agenda in the country.
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  • 66
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264737457
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Risk governance scan of Kazakhstan
    Schlagwort(e): Katastrophenschutz ; Katastrophe ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Sicherheit ; Strategie
    Kurzfassung: This report presents the governance framework in Kazakhstan for managing disaster risks. A wide range of disaster risks are present throughout the national territory, primarily floods, landslides, avalanches, but also extreme cold and heatwaves. The report reviews how the central government sets up a national strategy to manage these disaster risks, and how a national risk governance framework is formulated and executed. It examines the role of the private sector and other non-governmental actors in contributing to resilience at a national and subnational level.
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  • 67
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264639010 , 9789264908208 , 9789264980891
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (211 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Skills Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy Poland
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Polen ; Education ; Employment ; Poland
    Kurzfassung: Skills are the key to shaping a better future. Skills are central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as globalisation, technological advance and demographic change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels of skills, as well as new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities, and build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to i) develop relevant skills over the life course, ii) use skills effectively in work and in society, and iii) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Poland: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and recommends actions to make the education system more reponsive to labour market needs, foster participation in adult learning, increase the use of skills in workplaces and strengthen the governance of the skills system in Poland.
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  • 68
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264446106 , 9789264807808 , 9789264558045
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Revisión de Políticas Nacionales de Educación
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Future of Mexican Higher Education: Promoting Quality and Equity
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: Este estudio se realizó a solicitud de las autoridades mexicanas para revisar la política de educación superior en México como una contribución al nuevo gobierno que tomaría posesión de la administración nacional a partir del 1 de diciembre de 2018. Dicha revisión, efectuada por la secretaría de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), en cooperación con tres peritos internacionales, hace un balance del estado del sector de la educación superior en México así como de las políticas públicas clave implementadas por los gobiernos federal y estatales. Dicho balance reporta los avances en la materia desde la última revisión realizada por la propia OCDE en el año 2008. La OCDE examina las estructuras administrativas nacionales y de cooperación para ofrecer guías al sistema de educación superior en aspectos como la relevancia de las estrategias nacionales existentes, el financiamiento público para las instituciones, la regulación y el aseguramiento externo de la calidad, la equidad social y la innovación de los modelos educativos. Las recomendaciones clave están relacionadas con necesidades como: determinar las responsabilidades sobre las políticas de educación superior y su gestión entre niveles de gobierno; desarrollar una interpretación más responsable de la autonomía universitaria; diseñar y aplicar mecanismos más transparentes y sostenibles del financiamiento público; fortalecer la regulación de la oferta educativa del sector privado al ampliar la cobertura del aseguramiento externo de la calidad en todo el sistema, así como mejorar las medidas públicas para apoyar la equidad (acceso y finalización exitosa). Con los resultados aquí expuestos se tiene el propósito de ofrecer información útil para el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo del nuevo gobierno y su Programa de Educación Sectorial correspondiente. Este informe complementa además otro proyecto más específico titulado Educación superior en México. Resultados y relevancia para el mercado laboral.
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  • 69
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264402119 , 9789264650916 , 9789264541344
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: TALIS
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Résultats de TALIS 2018 (Volume I) : Des enseignants et chefs d’établissement en formation à vie
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als TALIS 2018 results ; volume I: Teachers and school leaders as lifelong learners
    Schlagwort(e): Lehrkräfte ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Do teachers spend more time on actual teaching and learning in a typical lesson compared to previous years? Do they feel prepared to teach when they start teaching? What sort of continuous professional development programmes do they participate in and how does it impact their practice? This report looks first at how teachers apply their knowledge and skills in the classroom in the form of teaching practices, with an accompanying assessment of the demographic makeup of those classrooms and the school climate to provide context on learning environments. The volume then assesses the ways in which teachers acquired their knowledge and skills during their early education and training, as well as the steps they take to develop them through continuous professional development over the course of their career. Based on the voice of teachers and school leaders, the report offers a series of policy orientations to help strengthen the knowledge and skills of the teaching workforce to support its professionalism. The OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) is the largest international survey asking teachers and school leaders about their working conditions and learning environments, and provides a barometer of the profession every five years. Results from the 2018 cycle explore and examine the various dimensions of teacher and school leader professionalism across education systems.
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  • 70
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264433045 , 9789264625273 , 9789264317635
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Axer le secteur public sur les données : marche à suivre
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The path to becoming a data-driven public sector
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentlicher Sektor ; Digitalisierung ; E-Government ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Denmark ; Ireland ; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of ; Portugal ; Sweden ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: Twenty-first century governments must keep pace with the expectations of their citizens and deliver on the promise of the digital age. Data-driven approaches are particularly effective for meeting those expectations and rethinking the way governments and citizens interact. This report highlights the important role data can play in creating conditions that improve public services, increase the effectiveness of public spending and inform ethical and privacy considerations. It presents a data-driven public sector framework that can help countries or organisations assess the elements needed for using data to make better-informed decisions across public sectors.
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  • 71
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264880498 , 9789264958616 , 9789264376823
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Green Finance and Investment
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Access to green finance for SMEs in Georgia
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Georgia ; Georgien ; Finanzwirtschaft
    Kurzfassung: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in Georgia’s economy. SMEs provide more than 67% of employment and about 62% of gross value added. Although the environmental footprint of individual SMEs may be low, their aggregate impact in many respects exceeds that of large businesses. Commercial banks have an important role to play in providing access to green finance, particularly for SMEs. This report reviews the experience with green lending in the SME sector in Georgia. The analysis identifies the main challenges with lending to SMEs for green projects and discusses possible solutions. The report, in particular, looks at the role of the government and the policy instruments it can use to stimulate higher demand for green lending in the SME sector.
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  • 72
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264686472 , 9789264824133 , 9789264826281
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (644 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Higher Education
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Benchmarking higher education system performance
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Hochschule ; Benchmarking ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; OECD ; Höheres Bildungswesen ; Benchmarking ; Vergleich
    Kurzfassung: The scope of contemporary higher education is wide, and concerns about the performance of higher education systems are widespread. The number of young people with a higher education qualification is expected to surpass 300 million in OECD and G20 countries by 2030. Higher education systems are faced with challenges that include expanding access, containing costs, and ensuring the quality and relevance of provision. The project on benchmarking higher education system performance provides a comprehensive and empirically rich review of the higher education landscape across OECD countries, taking stock of how well they are performing in meeting their education, research and engagement responsibilities.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264651272 , 9789264882560 , 9789264625976
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (242 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Li, Richard Ruochen OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsniveau ; Bildungswesen ; Bewertung ; Georgien ; Education ; Governance ; Georgia ; Georgien ; Bildungswesen
    Kurzfassung: Georgia has made remarkable progress in expanding education access and improving education quality. Nevertheless, the majority of children in Georgia leave school without mastering the basic competencies for life and work. Moreover, students’ background is becoming a greater influence on their achievement. This review, developed in partnership with UNICEF, provides Georgia with recommendations to strengthen its evaluation and assessment system to focus on helping students learn. It will be of interest to countries that wish to strengthen their own evaluation and assessment systems and, in turn, improve educational outcomes.
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  • 74
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264515017 , 9789264797352 , 9789264652408
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: TALIS
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Providing quality early childhood education and care
    Schlagwort(e): Frühkindliche Bildung ; Kinderbetreuung ; Qualität ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Kurzfassung: For most children, early childhood education and care (ECEC) provides the first experience of life in a group away from their families. This experience plays a crucial role in children’s learning, development and well-being. The benefits of high-quality ECEC are not restricted to children’s first years of life. However, little is known about this first experience. What do children learn and do in ECEC settings? With which staff do children interact at their centres? Do all children face the same opportunities to enrol in high-quality settings? What are the main spending priorities to raise the quality of ECEC? These are key questions for parents, staff and policy makers. The OECD Starting Strong Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS Starting Strong) is the first international survey that focuses on the ECEC workforce. It offers an opportunity to learn about the characteristics of the workforce, the practices they use with children, their beliefs about children’s development and their views on the profession and on the sector. This first volume of findings, Providing Quality Early Childhood Education and Care, examines multiple factors that can affect the quality of ECEC and thereby can influence children’s learning, development and well-being.
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  • 75
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264923751 , 9789264715165 , 9789264444676
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (233 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: TALIS
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe TALIS 2018 Results (Volume I): Teachers and School Leaders as Lifelong Learners
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Les enseignants consacrent-ils davantage de temps à l’enseignement et à l’apprentissage dans un cours type par rapport aux années précédentes? Se sentent-ils préparés à enseigner lorsqu’ils débutent dans le métier? À quel type de programmes de développement professionel continu participent-ils et quel en est l’impact sur leur pratique? Ce rapport examine tout d’abord comment les enseignants appliquent leurs connaissances et leurs compétences dans la classe sous forme de pratiques pédagogiques, et s’accompagne d’une analyse de la composition démographique de ces classes et du climat de l’établissement en vue de fournir un contexte sur les environnements d’apprentissage. Le volume étudie ensuite la manière dont les enseignants acquièrent leurs connaissances et leurs compétences au cours de leurs études et formation, ainsi que les moyens qu’ils prennent pour les développer par le biais du développement professionnel continu au cours de leur carrière. Ce rapport, qui s’appuie sur les voix des enseignants et des chefs d’établissement, offre une série d’orientations stratégiques visant à renforcer les connaissances et les compétences du corps enseignant à l’appui de sa professionnalisation. L’Enquête internationale sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage de l’OCDE (TALIS) est la seule enquête de cette envergure qui interroge les enseignants et les chefs d’établissement sur leurs conditions de travail et leurs environnements d’apprentissage, et agit comme un baromètre de la profession tous les cinq ans. Les résultats du cycle 2018 explorent et examinent les diverses dimensions du professionnalisme de l’enseignant et du chef d’établissement dans les systèmes éducatifs.
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  • 76
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264726840
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Digital government in Peru
    Schlagwort(e): E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; Peru ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Peru
    Kurzfassung: This digital government study explores the state of the digitalisation of the public sector in Peru. It addresses recent efforts to build an institutional and legal framework to support the digital transformation of the public sector. It also discusses the design and delivery of, and access to, public services, and the role that digital technologies can play in improving them. Finally, this report assesses the state of data governance and open data in Peru’s public sector.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264913608 , 9789264386464 , 9789264424371
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Novel Food and Feed Safety
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of foods and feeds derived from transgenic crops ; volume 3: Common bean, rice, cowpea and apple compositional considerations
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This volume compiles the consensus documents developed by the OECD Working Group for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds from 2015 to 2019. It deals with the composition of common bean, rice, cowpea and apple, four important crops for agriculture and food consumption worldwide. The science-based information collated here is intended for use during the regulatory assessment of food/feed products derived from modern biotechnology, i.e. issued from transgenic plants. Compositional considerations are provided for each species, including tables detailing the key nutrients, anti-nutrients, possible toxicants, allergens and other metabolites contained in the products. This essential information and solid data can be used in the comparative approach as part of the novel food/feed safety assessment. It should be of value to crop breeders and applicants for commercial uses of novel foods and feeds, to regulators and risk assessors in national authorities, as well as the wider scientific community. More information can be found at BioTrack Online.
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  • 78
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    [Paris] : OECD | Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264641297 , 9789264563414 , 9789264887855
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (232 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Digital opportunities for better agricultural policies
    Schlagwort(e): Agrarpolitik ; Digitalisierung ; Landwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Recent digital innovations provide opportunities to deliver better policies for the agriculture sector by helping to overcome information gaps and asymmetries, lower policy-related transaction costs, and enable people with different preferences and incentives to work better together. Drawing on ten illustrative case studies and unique new data gathered via an OECD questionnaire on agri-environmental policy organisations' experiences with digital tools, this report explores opportunities to improve current agricultural and agri-environmental policies, and to deliver new, digitally enabled and information-rich policy approaches. It also considers challenges that organisations may face to make greater use of digital tools for policy, as well as new risks which increased use of digital tools may bring. The report provides practical advice on how policy makers can address challenges and mitigate risks to ensure digital opportunities for policy are realised in practice. Finally, the report briefly considers the broader regulatory and policy environment underpinning digitalisation of the agriculture sector, with the view to ensuring that use of digital tools for agricultural and agri-environmental policy remains coherent with the digitalisation of agriculture more generally.
    Anmerkung: Literaturangaben
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  • 79
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264977419 , 9789264504684 , 9789264535442
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Studies on Water
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Pharmaceutical residues in freshwater
    Schlagwort(e): Arzneimittel ; Wasserversorgung ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Wasserverschmutzung ; Arzneimittel
    Kurzfassung: This report calls for a better understanding of the effects of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, greater international collaboration and accountability distribution, and policy actions to prevent and remedy emerging concerns. Laboratory and field tests show traces of oral contraceptives causing the feminisation of fish and amphibians, and residues of psychiatric drugs altering fish behaviour. Antimicrobial resistance, linked to the overuse of antibiotics, has rapidly escalated into a global health crisis. Unless adequate measures are taken to manage the risks, pharmaceutical residues will increasingly be released into the environment as ageing populations, advances in healthcare, and intensification of meat and fish production spur the demand for pharmaceuticals worldwide. The report outlines a collective, life-cycle approach to managing pharmaceuticals in the environment. A policy mix of source-directed, use-orientated and end-of-pipe measures, involving several policy sectors, can help to improve health and protect the environment.
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  • 80
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264332485 , 9789264497627 , 9789264842342
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Individuelle Weiterbildungskonten: Allheilmittel oder Büchse der Pandora?
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Individual learning accounts
    Schlagwort(e): Weiterbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment
    Kurzfassung: A rise in non-standard work in many countries and an increased fragmentation of worker careers have created new challenges for training policies at a time when structural transformation is creating a need for both re- and up-skilling. Individual learning accounts have received renewed attention from policy makers, due to their ability to make training rights “portable” from one job or employment status to another. This report examines past and existing individual learning accounts and other individual schemes to finance training, based on a review of the existing literature as well as six new case studies commissioned by the OECD: The Upper Austrian Bildungskonto, the French Compte Personnel de Formation, the Scottish Individual Learning Accounts/Individual Training Accounts, the Singapore SkillsFuture Credit, the Tuscan Carta ILA, and the Individual Training Accounts in Michigan and Washington in the United States. The report takes stock of these experiences and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of such schemes, as well as the key trade-offs and questions to consider in designing a successful scheme, including targeting, funding, participation of under-represented groups and quality issues.
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  • 81
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264545199 , 9789264925434 , 9789264366039
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gesellschaft
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe 사회 속의 인공지능
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’intelligence artificielle dans la société
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Artificial intelligence in society
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesellschaft ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The artificial intelligence (AI) landscape has evolved significantly from 1950 when Alan Turing first posed the question of whether machines can think. Today, AI is transforming societies and economies. It promises to generate productivity gains, improve well-being and help address global challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity and health crises. Yet, as AI applications are adopted around the world, their use can raise questions and challenges related to human values, fairness, human determination, privacy, safety and accountability, among others. This report helps build a shared understanding of AI in the present and near-term by mapping the AI technical, economic, use case and policy landscape and identifying major public policy considerations. It is also intended to help co-ordination and consistency with discussions in other national and international fora.
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  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264699410 , 9789264627352 , 9789264483637
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Tax revenue implications of decarbonising road transport
    Schlagwort(e): Straßenverkehr ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Steuereinnahmen ; Slowenien ; Energy ; Environment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Slovenia
    Kurzfassung: This report investigates how tax revenue from transport fuels could evolve over time as vehicles rely less on fossil fuels, with a focus on the case study of the Republic of Slovenia. Reducing the reliance on fossil fuels in the transport sector is a welcome development from the perspective of its climate and health impacts and of reduced energy dependence. However, under current settings, reduced fuel use will also lead to a loss of tax revenues, which may put stress on government budgets. Based on simulations for Slovenia, with a 2050 horizon, the report provides an in-depth assessment of the taxation of road transport and investigates how tax policy could adapt to declining fossil fuel use in the long term if the objective is to maintain revenues at current levels while taking fairness and efficiency considerations into account. It finds that gradual tax reforms, with an evolving mix of taxes, shifting from taxes on fuel to taxes on distances driven, can contribute to more sustainable tax policy over the long term.
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  • 83
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264778375
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als University-industry collaboration
    Schlagwort(e): Forschungskooperation ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; Forschungskooperation
    Kurzfassung: This report discusses challenges and opportunities in assessing the impacts of science-industry knowledge exchange on innovation. The report provides new evidence on joint industry-science patenting activity and academic start-ups, as well as on the impact of geographical proximity between research institutions and industry on local innovation. The report explores the complex set of knowledge-transfer channels, such as collaborative research, co-patenting, academic spinoffs, and their relative importance across science fields and industry sectors. It also experiments with using labour force survey data to assess the contributions of graduates in social sciences to different industries. Different policy mixes are used in OECD countries to stimulate science-industry knowledge transfer. This report presents a taxonomy of 21 policy instruments, which include grants for collaborative university-industry research and financial support to university spin-offs, and discusses their possible positive and negative interactions. Based on a number of country case studies, the report also sheds light on new policy approaches to support spin-off creation. The report also explores recent trends on the governance of public research of high relevance to science-industry knowledge transfer using newly developed policy indicators for 35 OECD countries.
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  • 84
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264751064
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Good Practice for Good Jobs in Early Childhood Education and Care
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Die Gewinnung und Bindung von Fachkräften stellt im Bereich der frühkindlichen Bildung, Betreuung und Erziehung (FBBE) seit geraumer Zeit eine Herausforderung dar. Den OECD-Ländern ist es zunehmend wichtig, dass FBBE-Fachkräfte ein hohes Qualifikationsniveau besitzen, doch führen Niedriglöhne, ein geringes Ansehen, fehlende öffentliche Anerkennung, schlechte Arbeitsbedingungen und begrenzte berufliche Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten dazu, dass die Personalgewinnung und -bindung sich häufig schwierig gestalten. Was können die einzelnen Länder tun, um einen Bestand an hochqualifizierten und gut ausgebildeten FBBE-Fachkräften aufzubauen? Welches ist der beste Weg, um die Kompetenzen der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter zu erhöhen, ohne dabei den Fachkräftemangel zu verstärken? Wie können die Länder angesichts begrenzter Ressourcen die Löhne anheben und die Arbeitsbedingungen verbessern? Auf der Grundlage früherer Arbeiten der OECD zum Thema frühkindliche Bildung, Betreuung und Erziehung und Erfahrungen aus OECD-Ländern stellt dieser Bericht bewährte Maßnahmen für bessere FBBE-Arbeitsplätze und den Ausbau des Bestands hochqualifizierter Arbeitskräfte vor.
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264815834 , 9789264924369 , 9789264592131
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital: Den digitalen Wandel gestalten, das Leben verbessern
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport aide les décideurs politiques à optimiser les bénéfices de la transformation numérique pour tous, à favoriser la croissance et améliorer le bien-être. Il reflète les travaux réalisés dans le cadre du projet de l’OCDE sur la transformation numérique durant la période 2017-18 et d’autres travaux de l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Le rapport identifie les vecteurs de la transformation numérique, ainsi que des questions à mieux cerner. Il offre une vision économique et sociale holistique de ses implications sur les tendances clés, leurs effets, et les questions politiques qui en découlent, lesquelles doivent être coordonnées à travers des domaines différents. En outre, le rapport établit un agenda numérique ambitieux pour l’OCDE et au-delà.
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  • 86
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264182752 , 9789264736351 , 9789264773646
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe How's Life in the Province of Córdoba, Argentina?
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Argentina
    Kurzfassung: Este informe evalúa el bienestar en los cuatro aglomerados urbanos más grandes de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) y proporciona recomendaciones de políticas para fortalecer las prácticas de desarrollo regional y, en última instancia, mejorar el bienestar de las personas. Utilizando alrededor de 30 indicadores, el informe analiza el desempeño de los aglomerados de Córdoba en 12 dimensiones de bienestar en comparación con 391 regiones de 36 países de la OCDE y 98 regiones de Brasil, Perú, Colombia y Costa Rica. El informe también documenta las desigualdades de bienestar entre los cuatro aglomerados de Córdoba y sugiere tres áreas prioritarias en las que la provincia debería enfocarse para abordar los desafíos de bienestar: i) asegurar que los indicadores de bienestar sirven para guiar la toma de decisiones en el futuro; ii) continuar fortaleciendo y modernizando el sistema estadístico provincial para expandir la base y uso de evidencia; y iii) fortalecer los mecanismos e instituciones de gobernanza para promover un desarrollo regional efectivo, eficiente e inclusivo.
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264544703 , 9789264457188 , 9789264625099
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The supply of medical isotopes
    Schlagwort(e): Medizinprodukt ; Strahlentherapie ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Nuklearmedizin
    Kurzfassung: This report explores the main reasons behind the unreliable supply of Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) in health-care systems and policy options to address the issue. Tc-99m is used in 85% of nuclear medicine diagnostic scans performed worldwide – around 30 million patient examinations every year. These scans allow diagnoses of diseases in many parts of the human body, including the skeleton, heart and circulatory system, and the brain. Medical isotopes are subject to radioactive decay and have to be delivered just-in-time through a complex supply chain. However, ageing production facilities and a lack of investment have made the supply of Tc-99m unreliable. This report analyses the use and substitutability of Tc-99m in health care, health-care provider payment mechanisms for scans, and the structure of the supply chain. It concludes that the main reasons for unreliable supply are that production is not economically viable and that the structure of the supply chain prevents producers from charging prices that reflect the full costs of production and supply.
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  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264704541 , 9789264980709 , 9789264779822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe ¿Cómo va la vida en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina?
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als How's life in the province of Córdoba, Argentina?
    Schlagwort(e): Lebensqualität ; Sozialer Indikator ; Regionalökonomik ; Stadtökonomik ; Cordoba (Argentinien, Provinz) ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Argentina
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses well-being in the four largest urban agglomerations of the province of Córdoba and provides policy recommendations to strengthen regional development practices, and ultimately improve people’s well-being. Using around 30 statistical indicators, the report analyses the performance of Córdoba’s agglomerations in 12 well-being dimensions in comparison with 391 regions of 36 OECD countries and 98 regions of Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Costa Rica. The report also documents the well-being inequalities between Córdoba’s four agglomerations and suggests three priorities areas which the province should focus on to tackle well-being challenges: i) Ensure that well-being indicators guide future decision-making; ii) Continue strengthening and modernising the provincial statistical system to expand the evidence-base; and, iii) Strengthen governance arrangements for more effective, efficient and inclusive regional development policy outcomes.
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264313835 , 9789264613645 , 9789264546431
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Stratégie 2019 de l'OCDE sur les compétences : Des compétences pour construire un avenir meilleur
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estrategia de Competencias de la OCDE 2019 : Competencias para construir un futuro mejor
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy 2019
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsenenbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Skills Strategy provides a strategic and comprehensive approach for ensuring that people and countries have the skills to thrive in a complex, interconnected and rapidly changing world. The updated 2019 OECD Skills Strategy takes account of the lessons learned from applying the original skills strategy in 11 countries since 2012, while also incorporating new OECD evidence about the skills implications of megatrends, such as globalisation, digitalisation, population ageing, and migration. The Strategy also incorporates new learning from across the OECD about skills policies that work in these three broad components: developing relevant skills over the life course, using skills effectively in work and society, and strengthening the governance of skills systems.
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264313859 , 9789264762121 , 9789264487604
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Skills Strategy 2019: Skills to Shape a Better Future
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estrategia de Competencias de la OCDE 2019 : Competencias para construir un futuro mejor
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: La Stratégie de l’OCDE sur les compétences propose une approche stratégique et globale afin que les peuples et les pays puissent se doter de compétences leur permettant de s’épanouir dans un monde complexe, interconnecté et en pleine évolution. La nouvelle Stratégie 2019 de l’OCDE sur les compétences tient compte depuis 2012 des enseignements tirés de la mise en œuvre initiale de la stratégie des compétences de l’OCDE dans 11 pays, et intègre également es récentes constatations des effets des mégatendances sur les compétences, telles que la mondialisation, la transformation numérique, le vieillissement de la population et les migrations. La Stratégie tient également compte des nouvelles connaissances de l’OCDE sur les politiques en matière de compétences efficacesqui reposent sur ces trois grands axes: acquérir des compétences utiles tout au long de la vie, utiliser efficacement les compétences dans le cadre professionnel et social et, renforcer la gouvernance des systèmes de compétences.
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  • 91
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Serie: PISA in Focus no.97
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le renforcement de la mixité sociale à l’école a-t-il un impact sur l’équité des résultats d’apprentissage ?
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: A student’s performance in school is influenced by personal characteristics, but also, amongst other influences, by those of his or her schoolmates. Schoolmates can motivate and help each other overcome learning difficulties; but they can also disrupt instruction, require disproportionate attention from teachers, and be a source of anxiety. The way students are allocated to schools, and whether that results in greater socio-economic or academic differences across schools, may thus have an impact on education outcomes at the country level. In which PISA-participating countries and economies are students concentrated in certain schools, depending largely on their ability or socio-economic status? How is socio-economic segregation across schools related to the achievement gaps between students of different socio-economic status?
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  • 92
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.204
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Recent decades have revealed a gap between promises and realities of accountability in education governance, as well as further afield. Despite efforts identifying and analysing cautionary tales of accountability interventions, a systematic approach to support progressive improvements for managing accountability in complex education systems is yet to be widely adopted. This review of the interdisciplinary literature leverages the complexity paradigm to address the extant lack of clarity in theory and practice surrounding accountability. Central to this are recent research efforts that embrace accountability’s foundations as a relational exchange of accounts. The approach enables distancing accountability from misconceptions arising from its patchy track record in practice and the rhetorical usage of the term. The review discusses implications for understanding and managing accountability within contemporary strategic governance. In such an environment, this means rethinking the management of accountability stresses by practitioners as a new normal to be grappled with – and where possible attenuated – rather than the object of tractable solutions, as has been mistakenly conceived in the past.
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  • 93
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Serie: PISA in Focus no.92
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quel lien entre la motivation des élèves, leur performance et leur anxiété ?
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: PISA has extensively measured student achievement for over 15 years. But cognitive performance is only one aspect of success at school; another is general well-being. The PISA 2015 questionnaire included a comprehensive section on student well-being designed to understand students’ mental health, satisfaction with life, aspirations and socialisation. This PISA in Focus examines two of these aspects: motivation and anxiety.
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  • 94
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.)
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.195
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Children in the 21st century are avid users of technology - more so than generations past. This rise in use has led to much attention on the consequences of technology use, and how this impacts children’s brains and their socio-emotional, cognitive and physical development. Much of the research in these fields, especially brain-based research, is in its infancy. Furthermore, it often shows very small correlations between technology use and child outcomes; whether technology causes these outcomes is unclear, and small effect sizes bring questions about real-life implications for children. Despite these issues, policy-makers in various countries have set guidelines for technology use in children, which are often restriction-focused. This paper explores some of the literature on the effects of technology use on children in terms of their brain, cognitive, socio-emotional and physical development, and summarises what is clearly demonstrated in the literature. It also highlights where more quality research is needed to better understand the impact of technology on children, and support the development of effective, evidence-based guidelines.
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  • 95
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.194
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Sweden
    Kurzfassung: Within OECD countries, Sweden has historically welcomed large numbers of migrants, in particular migrants seeking humanitarian protection. Since 2015, this large influx of new arrivals with multiple disadvantages has put a well-developed integration system under great pressure and highlighted a number of challenges for education policy given current institutional frameworks. PISA 2015 shows that immigrant students fare considerably worse than native students in terms of academic and well-being outcomes also after accounting for differences in social-economic background. The OECD has identified four priority areas for Sweden for closing the gap between immigrant and native students: (1) Facilitating the access of immigrants to school choice, (2) Building teaching capacity, (3) Providing language training and (4) Strengthening the management of diversity. The findings in this Spotlight Report are based on existing OECD work in the area of immigrant integration in education, OECD and national data, a questionnaire on the range of policies and practices in Sweden and good practice examples for the integration in the education system in peer-learner countries and regions [Austria, Germany, the Netherlands and North America (Canada and the United States)], which were identified of particular relevance for Sweden. The report also includes policy pointers on what policies and practices Sweden could adopt to respond to the current integration challenges in the four priority areas.
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  • 96
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.200
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Austria
    Kurzfassung: Prepared for a CERI (Centre for Educational Research and Innovation) Strategic Education Governance Learning Seminar, this working paper analyses an ongoing reform in Austria to change the traditional sector-specific “supervision” of different school types to a system of quality management of all schools in the region and to introduce a new external school evaluation body. The paper identifies four pertinent areas for lasting success of the reform: a new focus on quality management and monitoring; a restructuring of existing sector-specific school supervision bodies; creating a shared vision of quality and educational goals; and ensuring reliable and useful knowledge. Employing a complexity perspective to governance, the paper highlights that long-term sustainability of the reform requires a compelling narrative clarifying how school supervision supports education improvement and how supervision fits into wider education policy. The analysis further underlines the principle of co-creation in developing quality frameworks and establishing the methodology for the new external school evaluation body; and also for school leaders and school supervisors to drive the development of their new professional identities. Finally, to provide useful knowledge for schools and the system, the new external evaluation body should focus on the improvement of teaching and learning.
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  • 97
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.208
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Triangulation – a combined use of different assessment methods or sources to evaluate psychological constructs – is still a rarely used assessment approach in spite of its potential in overcoming inherent constraints of individual assessment methods. This paper uses field test data from a new OECD Study on Social and Emotional Skills to examine the triangulated assessment of 19 social and emotional skills of 10- and 15-year-old students across 11 cities and countries. This study assesses students’ social and emotional skills combining three sources of information: students’ self-reports and reports by parents and teachers. We examine convergent and divergent validities of the assessment scales and the analytical value of combining information from multiple informants. Findings show that students’, parents’ and teachers’ reports on students’ skills overlap to a substantial degree. In addition, a strong ‘common rater’ effect is identified for all three informants and seems to be reduced when we use the triangulation approach. Finally, triangulation provides skill estimates with stronger relations to various life outcomes compared with individual student, parent or teacher reports.
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  • 98
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.187
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018 Conceptual Framework
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: L’Enquête internationale sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (TALIS) est une enquête en cours et à grande échelle sur les enseignants, les chefs d'établissement et leurs environnements d'apprentissage. La première enquête s'est déroulée en 2008. L’Enquête est administrée dans le premier cycle de l'enseignement secondaire (niveau 2 de la CITÉ). Le niveau primaire et le second cycle de l’enseignement secondaire (les niveaux 1 et 3 de la CITÉ) sont en option. La mise en oeuvre de l'enquête se fait de manière optionnelle dans les écoles échantillonnées du PISA (lien TALIS-PISA). Ainsi, ce cadre conceptuel TALIS 2018 se fonde sur les deux cycles précédents de 2008 et 2013 et met l'accent sur les conditions pédagogiques et institutionnelles efficaces qui favorisent l'apprentissage des élèves, qui sont au coeur de l’enquête, tout en décrivant leur variation au sein des pays et entre eux, et dans le temps. Le cadre de 2018 aborde des thèmes et des priorités durables liés aux caractéristiques professionnelles et aux pratiques pédagogiques aux niveaux institutionnel et individuel : les antécédents scolaires des enseignants et leur préparation initiale ; leur développement professionnel, les pratiques pédagogiques et professionnelles ; l'auto-efficacité et la satisfaction au travail ; et les problèmes de direction d’établissement, des systèmes de rétroaction et de climat scolaire. Il aborde également les intérêts émergents en matière de politiques et de recherche liés à l'innovation et à l'enseignement dans divers environnements et contextes. Ce document fournit une base scientifique à chaque domaine, ainsi que les principales influences de la recherche connexe en lien avec l’éducation à l'OCDE et au-delà. Enfin, le cadre conceptuel fournit un aperçu général des opérations de l'enquête et de son processus de mise en oeuvre à travers ses différentes étapes.
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  • 99
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Serie: Les indicateurs de l'éducation à la loupe no.64
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe How decentralised are education systems, and what does it mean for schools?
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Le renforcement de l’autonomie des établissements d’enseignement est une mesure populaire, qui peut toutefois aussi s’avérer complexe et parfois même sujette à controverse. Nombre de systèmes d’éducation ont renforcé l’autonomie des établissements d’enseignement dans l’espoir de gagner en efficacité et de mieux répondre aux besoins locaux. Dans certains pays, toutefois, le renforcement de cette autonomie soumet les établissements d’enseignement et les acteurs locaux à une pression accrue. Pour porter ses fruits, le renforcement de l’autonomie des établissements d’enseignement doit se fonder sur un ensemble d’éléments clés : un cadre national solide et une vision stratégique claire ; des programmes de formation bien adaptés pour les chefs d’établissement et les enseignants ; de solides dispositifs de responsabilisation ; et l’instauration d’un climat de collaboration, tant entre les établissements d’enseignement qu’au sein de ceux-ci.
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  • 100
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.)
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.198
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Recent migration patterns have brought major change to the experience of schooling for students, parents and teachers. This paper focuses on teachers, and explores their roles, functions and challenges in classrooms with diverse student populations. It examines initial and in-service teacher education and professional development programmes and approaches that can foster the teacher competencies called for in school settings characterised by migration-induced diversity, and offers policy pointers. The paper argues that in order to fulfil the growing expectations teachers face, they need to be equipped with relevant knowledge, capabilities, dispositions, values and skills, such as knowledge and understanding of diversity issues, reflectivity about identities, perspectives and practices, teacher agency and autonomy, empathy, and pedagogical judgement and tact. The paper suggests that responsive teacher education should integrate diversity into the curriculum, approach diversity as an asset, link theory and practice, create spaces for action, reflection, study and anticipation in handling diversity, and incorporate relevant technologies for innovative teaching.
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