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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (106)
  • 1980-1984  (106)
  • 1982  (106)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (72)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (34)
Datenlieferant
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  • 1
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
    ISSN: 0921-8599 , 0169-7323
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1974 -
    Suppl.: 11=1 von Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter (ZDB) Papers presented at the ... Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1978 0333-5135
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Philosophical studies series
    Vorheriger Titel: Philosophical studies series in philosophy
    Vorheriger Titel: an international journal for philosophy in the analytic tradition
    DDC: 100
    Schlagwort(e): Monografische Reihe
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400973527
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Pollution Monitoring Series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Definition and Use of the Term Heavy Metal -- 1.2 Sources of Heavy Metals in the Environment -- 1.3 Biological Indicators and Monitors -- 1.4 Philosophy of Monitoring -- 1.5 Why Biological? -- 1.6 Criteria for Selecting Good Biological Materials/Species -- 1.7 Concluding Remarks -- 2 Biological Indicators of Natural Ore-bodies: Geobotanical and Blogeochemical Prospecting for Heavy Metal Deposits -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Geobotanical Prospecting -- 2.3 Biogeochemical Prospecting -- 2.4 Use of Herbaria in Geobotanical and Biogeochemical Prospecting -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 3 The Use of Vegetation for Monitoring Airborne Heavy Metal Deposition -- 3A Background and Practical Considerations -- 3A.1 Introduction -- 3A.2 Particulate Transfer to Vegetation -- 3A.3 Vegetation as a Monitoring Agent -- 3A.4 Aerial Versus Soil Origins of Metals in Plant Samples -- 3A.5 Exposure Periods -- 3A.6 Use of Leaves -- 3A.7 Surface Characteristics of Vegetation, Especially Leaves -- 3B Examples of the Use of Vegetation Monitoring Surveys for Aerial Deposition of Metals -- 3B.1 Roadside Locations -- 3B.2 Smelters and Other Point Sources -- 3B.3 General Industrial or Urban Areas with Diffuse or Unidentified Sources -- 3B.4 Use of Tree Bark -- 3B.5 Use of Epiphytic Vascular Plants, Mosses, Lichens, Micro-organisms and Fungi -- 3B.6 Specific Use of Vegetation for Assessing Potential Hazards to Human and Domestic Animal Health . -- 4 Plants as Monitors of Soil Contamination -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Metal Distribution in Soils -- 4.3 Characteristics of Metal Uptake by Roots -- 4.4 Metal Tolerance and its Relevance to the Use of Higher Plants as Monitors of Soil Contamination . -- 4.5 Interpretation of Monitoring Results, Conclusions and Recommendations -- 5 The use of Terrestrial Animals as Monitors and Indicators of Environmental Contamination by Heavy Metals -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Invertebrates as Monitors and Indicators -- 5.3 Other Animals as Monitors -- 5.4 Conclusions -- 6 The Use of Imported Biological Materials as Monitoring Agents -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Preparation, Exposure and Analysis of Moss-bags. -- 6.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Moss-bags -- 6.4 Examples of the Use of Sphagnum Moss-bags in the Field -- 6.5 Wind Tunnel Studies of Moss-bag Characteristics . -- 6.6 Empirical Calibration of Moss-bags Against Air-filter Samplers, Deposit Gauges, Plant and Soil Surfaces. -- 6.7 Relationships with Other Collection Materials -- 6.8 Conclusions -- 7 Retrospective and Historical Monitoring -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Tree-ring Analysis -- 7.3 Use of Tree Ring-widths as a Measure of Pollution -- 7.4 Use of Peat Samples -- 7.5 Use of Herbarium Specimens of Bryophytes and Lichens -- 7.6 Use of Preserved Higher Plant Specimens. -- 7.7 Use of Animal Specimens -- 7.8 Conclusions -- 8 Biological Monitoring in Perspective -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Related Studies -- 8.3 Selection of Material and Aims of Study -- 8.4 Sampling Standards and Cross-calibration -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Species and Subject Index.
    Kurzfassung: In the past two decades there has been an increasing public awareness of the hazards that exist from the contamination of the environment by toxic substances. 'Heavy metals' and the terrestrial environment are but one facet of the impact of toxic substances on the natural environment, and the use of biological materials for indicating the occurrence of, and continually monitoring the presence of, these materials is a specific topic which is of considerable interest to a diverse range of individuals, organisations and disciplines. It was our intention when we first en­ visaged this book that it should contain a description of a range of circumstances in which biological monitoring techniques have been employed in the terrestrial environment and that it should be seen as a practical text which dealt with the merits, shortcomings and suitability of biological monitoring materials. Monitoring is, however, a manifold process. It serves not only to provide information on past and present concentrations of toxic materials in various components of the environ­ ment, but also to provide information on the processes of environmental release, transport, accumulation and toxicity. Indeed, this may be one of the greatest virtues of biological monitoring over other forms of monitor­ ing. According to the skill of the staff employed in the monitoring procedure, the information that is accrued can have a vastly different value.
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977075
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (508p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Language Library, Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 15
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 15
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: Long Distance Agreement in Modern Icelandic -- Purpose Clauses and Control -- Binding in Wholewheat* Syntax (*unenriched with inaudibilia) -- Grammatical Relations and Montague Grammar -- Phrase Structure Grammar -- Evidence for Gaps -- A Phrase Structure Account of Scandinavian Extraction Phenomena -- Syntactic Representation, Syntactic Levels, and the Notion of Subject -- Some Arc Pair Grammar Descriptions -- A Semantic Theory of “NP-movement” Dependencies.
    Kurzfassung: The work collected in this book represents the results of some intensive recent work on the syntax of natural languages. The authors' differing viewpoints have in common the program of revising current conceptions of syntactic representation so that the role of transformational derivations is reduced or eliminated. The fact that the papers cross-refer to each other a good deal, and that authors assuming quite different fram{:works are aware of each other's results and address themselves to shared problems, is partly the result of a conference on the nature of syntactic representation that was held at Brown University in May 1979 with the express purpose of bringing together different lines of research in syntax. The papers in this volume mostly arise out of work that was presented in preliminary form at that conference, though much rewriting and further research has been done in the interim period. Two papers are included because although they were not given even in preliminary form at the conference, it has become clear since then that they interrelate with the work of the conference so much that they cannot reasonably be left out: Gerald Gazdar's statement of his program for phrase structure description of natural language forms the theoretical basis that is assumed by Maling and Zaenen and by Sag, and David Dowty's paper represents a bridge between the relational grammar exemplified here in the papers by Perlmutter and Postal on the one hand and the Montague­.
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977754
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (172p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies of Classical India 5
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Kurzfassung: 1. Nagarjuna and the Spread of His Teachings -- 1. Nagarjuna and the Spread of His Teachings -- 2. San-lun Approaches to Emptiness -- 2. San-lun Approaches to Emptiness -- 3. The Nature and Value of the Text -- 3. The Nature and Value of the Text -- Notes -- N?g?rjuna’s Twelve Gate Treatise -- Table of Contents [Seng-jui] -- Preface [Seng-jui] -- I. Causal Conditions -- II. With or Without Effect -- III. Conditions -- IV. Characteristics -- V. With or Without Characteristics -- VI. Identity or Difference -- VII. Being or Non-being -- VIII. Nature -- IX. Cause and Effect -- X. The Creator -- XI. The Three Times -- XII. Production -- Notes -- List of Chinese Terms -- Selected Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: MADHYAMIKA The hallmark of Miidhyamika philosophy is 'Emptiness', sunyata. This is not a view of reality. In fact it is emphatically denied that sunyata is a view of reality. If anybody falls into such an error as to construe emptiness as reality (or as a view, even the right view, of reality), he is only grasping the snake at the wrong end (Mk, 24.1 I)! Nftgfujuna in Mk, 24.18, has referred to at least four ways by which the same truth is conveyed: Whatever is dependent origination, we call it emptiness. That is (also) dependent conceptualization; that is, to be sure, the Middle Way. The two terms, pratitya samutpiida and upiidiiya prajnapti, which I have translated here- as 'dependent origination' and 'dependent conceptualization' need to be explained. The interdependence of everything (and under 'everything' we may include, following the Mftdhyamika, all items, ontological concepts, entities, theories, views, theses and even relative truths), i.e., the essential lack of independence of the origin (cf. utpiida) of everything proves or shows that everything is essentially devoid of its assumed essence or its independent 'own nature' or its 'self-existence' (cf. svabhiiva). Besides, our cognition of anything lacks independence in the same way. Our conception (cf. prajnapti) of something a essentially depends upon something b, and so on for everything ad infinitum.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789401537346
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (146 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Civil law
    Kurzfassung: L’environnement économique des années 80 -- Pensions in a period of economic crisis -- La maitrise des couts des soins de santé dans les états membres de la CE -- Le minimum social — Réflexions préliminaires -- Unemployment insurance in the present economic crisis -- The stabilizing effects of the social security on the economic crisis -- La crise économique et les réformes de structure dans la sécurité sociale -- Social security and the economic crisis.
    Kurzfassung: The Col loque of our European Institute for social security to prepare the Conference in the Hague on the social security and the economic crisis was held from the 17th ti 11 the 19th of September in Toledo. Part II of the Yearbook 1980-1981 contains the reports presented in Toledo. The reports are focussed on the over­ a! 1 economic situation (Richard Draperie); the specific problems of Pensions (Bernd Schulte); the cost of medical care (Leo Crijns); unemployment insurance (Joachim Volz); the social minimum (Andre Laurent) and two special reports on the economic crisis and social security. Finally it contains my own synthesis report. Al 1 the participants had the opinion that the colloque created a fruitful 1 basis for a further in depth discussion in the Hague in 1982. The Institute once again wants to express its sincere gratitude to Antonio Chozas and his colleques for the excellent and adequate way in which they organised the colloque.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789401537322
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (285 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Civil law
    Kurzfassung: Les problèmes de financement de la sécurité sociale -- The financing of social security -- The problem of financing social security -- The finance of healthcare in Europe -- Pour une réforme du financement de la sécurité sociale -- Les prestations sociales -- The social benefits -- The organization of social security -- Les structures de la sécurité sociale -- The organization of social security -- Les réformes de la sécurité sociale en Belgique -- The causes of the increasing number of disablement pensioners in Norway -- La sécurité sociale des étrangers et des migrants selon les instruments de l’organisation internationale du travail (OIT) -- Bilan scientifique du Colloque.
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  • 9
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400974555
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 210 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: One. Nature -- I Introduction: The Background -- II Matter -- III Universals: The Forms -- IV Universals: The Qualities -- V The Universe -- Two. Human Nature -- VI Man: Needs and Drives -- VII Man: Perversity -- VIII Mind: Perception -- IX Mind: Conception -- X Morality: The Good -- XI Morality: The Bad -- XII Rhetoric -- XIII Politics -- XIV Art -- XV Religion -- XVI Conclusion: The Foreground.
    Kurzfassung: In the following pages I have endeavored to show the impact on philosophy of tech­ nology and science; more specifically, I have tried to make up for the neglect by the classical philosophers of the historic role of technology and also to suggest what positive effects on philosophy the ahnost daily advances in the physical sciences might have. Above all, I wanted to remind the ontologist of his debt to the artificer: tech­ nology with its recent gigantic achievements has introduced a new ingredient into the world, and so is sure to influence our knowledge of what there is. This book, then, could as well have been called 'Ethnotechnology: An Explanation of Human Behavior by Means of Material Culture', but the picture is a complex one, and there are many more special problems that need to be prominently featured in the discussion. Human culture never goes forward on all fronts at the same time. In our era it is unquestionably not only technology but also the sciences which are making the most rapid progress. Philosophy has not been very successful at keeping up with them. As a consequence there is an 'enormous gulf between scientists and philosophers today, a gulf which is as large as it has ever been. ' (1) I can see that with science moving so rapidly, its current lessons for philosophy might well be outmoded tomorrow.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: One. NatureI Introduction: The Background -- II Matter -- III Universals: The Forms -- IV Universals: The Qualities -- V The Universe -- Two. Human Nature -- VI Man: Needs and Drives -- VII Man: Perversity -- VIII Mind: Perception -- IX Mind: Conception -- X Morality: The Good -- XI Morality: The Bad -- XII Rhetoric -- XIII Politics -- XIV Art -- XV Religion -- XVI Conclusion: The Foreground.
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959439
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVI, 398 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Materials (A) -- 1.1 Heat treatment -- 1.2 Materials and testing -- 1.3 Metal fatigue -- 1.4 Safety factor -- 1.5 Shear strain -- 1.6 Punching holes in a material -- 1.7 Bending and torsion -- Exercises -- 2. Engine indicator diagrams (B2) -- 2.1 Engine indicators -- 2.2 Converting an indicator diagram -- 2.3 Interpretation of indicator diagrams -- 3. Combustion processes (B3) -- 3.1 Specific heat capacity of a gas -- 3.2 Expansion and compression of gases -- 3.3 Engine temperature and pressure calculations -- 3.4 Efficiency of an engine -- 3.5 General comparison between petrol and compression ignition engines -- 3.6 Octane rating -- 3.7 Cetane number and diesel index -- 3.8 Detonation -- 3.9 Fuel additives -- 3.10 Volumetric efficiency -- Exercises -- 4. Air-fuel ratios and exhaust products (B4) -- 4.1 Air-fuel ratios: petrol engine -- 4.2 Air-fuel ratios: CI oil engine -- 4.3 Determination of air-fuel ratios -- 4.4 Mixture strength and side effects -- 4.5 Air-fuel ratio and power output -- 4.6 Combustion calculations -- 4.7 Consumption loop or hook curve -- Exercises -- 5. Archimedes’ Principle (B5) -- 5.1 Hydrostatics and hydraulics -- 5.2 Archimedes’ principle -- 5.3 Floating bodies -- Exercises -- 6. Fluids and energy (B6) -- 6.1 Pressure -- 6.2 The manometer -- 6.3 Energy of liquids -- 6.4 Bernoulli’s law -- 6.5 Quantity flow -- 6.6 The Venturi unit -- 6.7 Actual flow of liquids through an orifice -- 6.8 Gas velocities -- Exercises -- 7. Hydraulic mechanisms and machines (B7) -- 7.1 Hydraulic machines -- 7.2 Hydraulic intensifier -- 7.3 Hydraulic brakes -- 7.4 The law of a machine -- Exercises -- 8. Variable torque, force and work done (C8) -- 8.1 Variable torque -- 8.2 Work done -- 8.3 Couples -- Exercises -- 9. Angular motion (C9) -- 9.1 Angular velocity and angular acceleration -- 9.2 Power -- Exercises -- 10. Inertia force, mass and acceleration (C10) -- 10.1 Mass -- 10.2 Newton’s first and second laws of motion -- 10.3 Momentum -- 10.4 Braking efficiency and stopping distance -- 10.5 Newton’s third law of motion -- Exercises -- 11. Potential and kinetic energy (C11) -- 11.1 Potential energy -- 11.2 Kinetic energy -- 11.3 Conservation of energy -- 11.4 Conservation of momentum -- 11.5 Energy loss when bodies collide -- 11.6 Moment of inertia -- 11.7 Kinetic energy of a rotating body -- 11.8 Radius of gyration -- Exercises -- 12. Tractive effort and tractive resistance (C12) -- 12.1 Tractive effort -- 12.2 Tractive resistance -- 12.3 Undergeared and overgeared vehicles -- 12.4 Engine characteristics and gear ratios -- 12.5 Constant power and tractive-effort/road-speed curves -- 12.6 Data and methods for setting final drive and gearbox ratios -- Exercises -- 13. Centripetal force and balancing (C13) -- 13.1 Centripetal acceleration -- 13.2 Centripetal and centrifugal force -- 13.3 Balancing of rotating masses -- 13.4 Piston movement and inertia -- 13.5 Engine balance -- Exercises -- 14. Stability of vehicles in curved paths (C14) -- 14.1 Vehicle on curved level road -- 14.2 Vehicle on curved banked track -- 14.3 Vehicle on a reversed banked track -- 14.4 Arched or hump-back bridges -- 14.5 Road dip or depression -- Exercises -- 15. Transference of wheel loading (C15) -- 15.1 Vehicle weight transfer: retardation -- 15.2 Vehicle weight transfer: acceleration -- 15.3 Maximum possible acceleration: level road -- 15.4 Transferred weight: vehicle in curved path -- Exercises -- 16. Simple harmonic motion (C16) -- 16.1 The conical pendulum -- 16.2 The Watt centrifugal governor -- 16.3 The simple pendulum -- Exercises -- 17. Relative velocity (C17) -- 17.1 Definition and diagrams -- 17.2 Angular velocity of a link or lever -- 17.3 Relative velocity of points on a wheel -- Exercises -- Answers to Exercises.
    Kurzfassung: A motor vehicle technician has to attain high technological skills to enable him or her to diagnose faults and service transport vehicles and their components. Science is a branch of study concerned with the systematic investigation of observed facts, and forms an important foundation on which to build sound engineering practice. Such a background will stimulate personal development by increasing confidence and intellectual ability. This is the second of two books which have been planned to cover the TEe U77/413 and 415 Motor Vehicle Science II and III Model programmes of study. Part 2 covers the requirements of Motor Vehicle Science III. The fundamental principles of engineering science have been applied to the motor vehicle in a systematic and progressive manner to enable the reader to follow most of the work on his or her own initiative. Emphasis has again been placed on the provision of many fully worked examples, some having more than one method of solution. These together with a large number of exercise examples enable the student to improve subject knowledge and gain that vital confidence so necessary for examinations. The book is aimed mainly at the student who is attending a recognized college course leading to full Technician qualification. It is designed to become a valid source of information to assist the student both in and out of the classroom environment, but the importance of the college lecturer and his or her individual method of teaching the subject remains of prime importance to the student.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Materials (A)1.1 Heat treatment -- 1.2 Materials and testing -- 1.3 Metal fatigue -- 1.4 Safety factor -- 1.5 Shear strain -- 1.6 Punching holes in a material -- 1.7 Bending and torsion -- Exercises -- 2. Engine indicator diagrams (B2) -- 2.1 Engine indicators -- 2.2 Converting an indicator diagram -- 2.3 Interpretation of indicator diagrams -- 3. Combustion processes (B3) -- 3.1 Specific heat capacity of a gas -- 3.2 Expansion and compression of gases -- 3.3 Engine temperature and pressure calculations -- 3.4 Efficiency of an engine -- 3.5 General comparison between petrol and compression ignition engines -- 3.6 Octane rating -- 3.7 Cetane number and diesel index -- 3.8 Detonation -- 3.9 Fuel additives -- 3.10 Volumetric efficiency -- Exercises -- 4. Air-fuel ratios and exhaust products (B4) -- 4.1 Air-fuel ratios: petrol engine -- 4.2 Air-fuel ratios: CI oil engine -- 4.3 Determination of air-fuel ratios -- 4.4 Mixture strength and side effects -- 4.5 Air-fuel ratio and power output -- 4.6 Combustion calculations -- 4.7 Consumption loop or hook curve -- Exercises -- 5. Archimedes’ Principle (B5) -- 5.1 Hydrostatics and hydraulics -- 5.2 Archimedes’ principle -- 5.3 Floating bodies -- Exercises -- 6. Fluids and energy (B6) -- 6.1 Pressure -- 6.2 The manometer -- 6.3 Energy of liquids -- 6.4 Bernoulli’s law -- 6.5 Quantity flow -- 6.6 The Venturi unit -- 6.7 Actual flow of liquids through an orifice -- 6.8 Gas velocities -- Exercises -- 7. Hydraulic mechanisms and machines (B7) -- 7.1 Hydraulic machines -- 7.2 Hydraulic intensifier -- 7.3 Hydraulic brakes -- 7.4 The law of a machine -- Exercises -- 8. Variable torque, force and work done (C8) -- 8.1 Variable torque -- 8.2 Work done -- 8.3 Couples -- Exercises -- 9. Angular motion (C9) -- 9.1 Angular velocity and angular acceleration -- 9.2 Power -- Exercises -- 10. Inertia force, mass and acceleration (C10) -- 10.1 Mass -- 10.2 Newton’s first and second laws of motion -- 10.3 Momentum -- 10.4 Braking efficiency and stopping distance -- 10.5 Newton’s third law of motion -- Exercises -- 11. Potential and kinetic energy (C11) -- 11.1 Potential energy -- 11.2 Kinetic energy -- 11.3 Conservation of energy -- 11.4 Conservation of momentum -- 11.5 Energy loss when bodies collide -- 11.6 Moment of inertia -- 11.7 Kinetic energy of a rotating body -- 11.8 Radius of gyration -- Exercises -- 12. Tractive effort and tractive resistance (C12) -- 12.1 Tractive effort -- 12.2 Tractive resistance -- 12.3 Undergeared and overgeared vehicles -- 12.4 Engine characteristics and gear ratios -- 12.5 Constant power and tractive-effort/road-speed curves -- 12.6 Data and methods for setting final drive and gearbox ratios -- Exercises -- 13. Centripetal force and balancing (C13) -- 13.1 Centripetal acceleration -- 13.2 Centripetal and centrifugal force -- 13.3 Balancing of rotating masses -- 13.4 Piston movement and inertia -- 13.5 Engine balance -- Exercises -- 14. Stability of vehicles in curved paths (C14) -- 14.1 Vehicle on curved level road -- 14.2 Vehicle on curved banked track -- 14.3 Vehicle on a reversed banked track -- 14.4 Arched or hump-back bridges -- 14.5 Road dip or depression -- Exercises -- 15. Transference of wheel loading (C15) -- 15.1 Vehicle weight transfer: retardation -- 15.2 Vehicle weight transfer: acceleration -- 15.3 Maximum possible acceleration: level road -- 15.4 Transferred weight: vehicle in curved path -- Exercises -- 16. Simple harmonic motion (C16) -- 16.1 The conical pendulum -- 16.2 The Watt centrifugal governor -- 16.3 The simple pendulum -- Exercises -- 17. Relative velocity (C17) -- 17.1 Definition and diagrams -- 17.2 Angular velocity of a link or lever -- 17.3 Relative velocity of points on a wheel -- Exercises -- Answers to Exercises.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789400976368
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (190p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The conceptual bases of plant morphology -- Commentary on Dr. Cusset’s paper -- Principles in plant morphogenesis -- Commentary on Dr. Mohr’s paper: Deterministic and probabilistic approaches to plant development -- A morphogenetic basis for plant morphology -- Mathematical models of plant morphogenesis -- Rules of growth: Some comments on Erickson’s models of plant growth -- Chance and design in the construction of plants -- Commentary on Dr. Tomlinson’s paper.
    Kurzfassung: This volume presents the proceedings of a symposium which I organised for the Developmental Section of the Xlllth International Botanical Congress at Sydney, Australia on August 26, 1981. The paper by Professor T. Sachs, which was received too late for inclusion into the symposium at Sydney, was added to these proceedings because of its direct relevancy and importance. The aim of the symposium was to state in an explicit and comprehensive fashion the most basic axioms and principles of plant morphology and morphogenesis. An awareness of these axioms and principles is of paramount importance since they form. the foundations as well as the goal of structural developmental botany. Both teaching and research are predicated on them. The Introduction by the editor briefly examines the meaning of the concepts "axiom", "principle", and "plant construction". The comprehensive paper by Dr. G. Cusset, a unique historical overview, explicates 37 principles of 5 major conceptual systems and many subsystems. The extensive analysis includes a genealogy of ideas and ways of thinking of major authors ranging from philosophers and naturalists of antiquity to recent investigators of plant form and structure. The bibliography of Dr. Cusset I s paper comprises ca. 700 references. The contribution by Professor H. Mohr focusses on modern principles of morphogenesis and provides a penetrating analysis of scientific explanation in developmental biology. The universal principles (laws) described in this paper apply to all living systems, whereas the more specific principles are limited to plants or only higher plants. Professor T.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The conceptual bases of plant morphologyCommentary on Dr. Cusset’s paper -- Principles in plant morphogenesis -- Commentary on Dr. Mohr’s paper: Deterministic and probabilistic approaches to plant development -- A morphogenetic basis for plant morphology -- Mathematical models of plant morphogenesis -- Rules of growth: Some comments on Erickson’s models of plant growth -- Chance and design in the construction of plants -- Commentary on Dr. Tomlinson’s paper.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401164917
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (V, 398 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Glacial Models1 The Evolution of the Rocky Mountain Glacial Model -- 2 Processes and Patterns of Glacial Erosion -- 3 A Glacial Process-Form Model -- 4 The Morphologic Sequence Concept and Deglaciation of Southern New England -- 2 Glacial Landforms -- 5 Morphometry in Glacial Geomorphology -- 6 Rates of Formation of Glacial Features in Glacier Bay, Alaska -- 7 Origin of Drumlins -- 8 Reappraisal of the Glaciated Appalachian Plateau -- 3 Other Terrain Considerations -- 9 Ice-Wedge Polygons of Northern Alaska -- 10 History of Glacial Lake Wawarsing, Southeast New York -- 11 The Relationship of River Terrace Formation to Glaciation in the Shoshone River Basin, Western Wyoming -- 12 Glacial Grooves and Periglacial Features in the Saharan Ordovician -- 4 Practical Applications -- 13 Buried Glacial Geomorphology -- 14 Glacial Landforms and Civil Engineering -- 15 Glacial Geology in Rural Land Use Planning and Zoning -- Author Index.
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  • 13
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401511643
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. The Biology of Mycoplasmas -- 2. Plant and Arthropod Mycoplasmas: A Historical Perspective -- 3. The ‘Yellows’ Plant Diseases: Plant Hosts and their Interaction with the Pathogens -- 4. Light and Electron Microscopy -- 5. Chemical Treatment for Control of Plant Mycoplasma Diseases -- 6. Media and Methods for Culture of Spiroplasmas -- 7. Culture of Other Microorganisms from Yellows- diseased Plants -- 8. Serological Characterisation of Spiroplasmas and Other Mycoplasmas -- 9. Physicochemical Characterisation of Plant and Insect Mycoplasmas -- 10. Insect Vectors -- 11. Miscellaneous Methods -- Notes on Contributors.
    Kurzfassung: Only 14 years have passed since the first publication appeared which implicated mycoplasmas as agents of plant disease. The diseases them­ selves have been known for much longer; indeed clover phyllody, a typical example, was described in the seventeenth century, well before any animal mycoplasma diseases had been documented. The early history of plant mycoplasmas is described in Chapter 2 and one obvious conclusion to be drawn from the frustrating experiences of the earlier workers is that the experimental methods at their disposal were simply inadequate for the task. Progress in science depends critically upon the development of new methods. Although important advances have been made in plant and insect mycoplasmology, notably in the discovery of spiroplasmas, many intractable problems remain. Most plant myco­ plasmas cannot yet be cultured in vitro, and their natural plant habitat, the phloem, is one of the most difficult plant tissues for the experi­ menter to handle, placing severe restrictions on the type of experiments which can be performed in vivo. It is clear that radically new methods may be required to solve these problems. A survey of the progress which has been made shows that application of techniques from a wide range of disciplines has been necessary. A successful individual or group of workers must possess the skills of a plant pathologist, a plantsman, a plant physiologist, a light-and electron microscopist, a bacteriologist, a biochemist, an immunologist, an ento­ mologist, a virologist and a molecular geneticist.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. The Biology of Mycoplasmas2. Plant and Arthropod Mycoplasmas: A Historical Perspective -- 3. The ‘Yellows’ Plant Diseases: Plant Hosts and their Interaction with the Pathogens -- 4. Light and Electron Microscopy -- 5. Chemical Treatment for Control of Plant Mycoplasma Diseases -- 6. Media and Methods for Culture of Spiroplasmas -- 7. Culture of Other Microorganisms from Yellows- diseased Plants -- 8. Serological Characterisation of Spiroplasmas and Other Mycoplasmas -- 9. Physicochemical Characterisation of Plant and Insect Mycoplasmas -- 10. Insect Vectors -- 11. Miscellaneous Methods -- Notes on Contributors.
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  • 14
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400973862
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (368p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 1
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Kurzfassung: 1 The Effects of Standardized Testing: Controversy and Research -- Controversial Issues -- Empirical Research on Testing -- The Present Investigation -- 2 An Experimental Study of the Effects of Standardized Testing: Design and Implementation -- The Locus of the Study -- The Sample -- Tests and Test Information -- Treatments -- Dependent Variables -- Procedure -- 3 Effects of Testing on Schools -- Effects on School Organization and Practice -- Effects on School Achievement 43 Distribution of Ability, Achievement, and Socioeconomic Background -- Conclusion -- 4 Effects of Testing on Teachers -- Teachers’ Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior Relating to Standardized Tests -- Teachers’ Reactions to Testing 98 Teachers’ Perceptions of Usefulness and Reported Uses of Test Information -- Conclusion -- 5 Effects of Testing on Pupils -- Pupils’ Perceptions of and Reactions to Standardized Tests -- Pupils’ Perceptions of Factors That Affect Scholastic Progress and Getting Along Well in Class -- Pupils’ Ratings of Their Scholastic Behavior and Abilities -- Pupils’ Self-Concepts -- Conclusion -- 6 Expectancy Effects: The Role of Test Information -- Teachers’ Perceptions: Stability and Change -- Teachers’ Perceptions and Pupils’ Test Scores: Correlational Analyses -- Pupil Characteristics and Expectancy -- Conclusion -- 7 Effects of Testing on Parents -- Familiarity of Parents with Changes in Evaluation -- Communication between School and Parents -- Parents’ Perceptions of Their Children’s School Progress -- Parents’ Knowledge about and Attitudes toward Standardized Testing -- Conclusion -- 8 Alternative Treatments -- School-Level Effects -- Teacher-Level Effects -- Pupil-Level Effects -- The Role of Test Information in the Expectancy Process -- Criterion-Referenced Test Information -- Conclusion -- 9 Conclusion -- Main Findings -- Issues in Interpreting Findings -- Conclusion -- References -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: When George Bernard Shaw wrote his play, Pygmalion, he could hardly have foreseen the use of the concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy in debates about standardized testing in schools. Still less could he have foreseen that the validity of the concept would be examined many years later in Irish schools. While the primary purpose of the experimental study reported in this book was not to investigate the Pygmalion effect, it is inconceivable that a study of the effects of standardized testing, conceived in the 1960s and planned and executed in the 1970s, would not have been influenced by thinking about teachers' expectations and the influence of test information on the formation of those expectations. While our study did pay special attention to teacher expectations, its scope was much wider. It was planned and carried out in a much broader framework, one in which we set out to examine the impact of a standardized testing program, not just on teachers, but also on school practices, students, and students' parents.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401743587
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVI, 606 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Commercial law
    Kurzfassung: European Chapters -- Some Observations on the Law of the European Communities -- European Company Law -- European Tax Law -- European Social Law -- National Chapters -- Belgium -- Denmark -- France -- Germany -- Greece -- Ireland -- Italy -- Luxembourg -- Netherlands -- Switzerland -- The United Kingdom.
    Kurzfassung: This book is intended to serve as a guide to businessmen and their advisers, either from outside the Common Market or from within, who seek basic information on questions in three main fields: company law and related legal matters, taxation, and labour law. For those who wish to establish an enter­ prise or form a holding or financing company in one of the Member States of the Common Market (including Greece, of course) or Switzerland this guide offers a unique opportunity to compare conditions in the various countries in the three fields. This is facilitated by the strict adherence to one format for each national chapter. Those who are already present in one or more of the eleven countries will find a global answer to a number of practical questions that may arise. For detailed answers the local lawyer or other consultant remains indispensable. The format is based on two different approaches the foreign investor may take: either he 'goes it alone', by way of establishing a branch, setting up a subsidiary or taking over an existing company, or he joins forces with another investor from within the host country or from outside. In the latter event there are a number of legal forms (jointly owned company, partnership, etc. ) which may be used.
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  • 16
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401744058
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (139 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Commercial law
    Kurzfassung: I. What is a Trade Mark? -- II. What Can be a Trade Mark and What Cannot? -- III. The Choice of a Trade Mark. Searches into the Availability of Trade Marks -- IV. Functions and Economic Significance of the Trade Mark -- V. Origin of the Trade Mark Right -- VI. The Registration Procedure -- VII. Renewal of the Trade Mark Registration -- VIII. Lapse of the Right to a Trade Mark -- IX. The Substance of the Trade Mark Right -- X. Use of the Trade Mark -- XI. Various Categories of Trade Marks -- XII. Defence of Trade Mark Rights -- XIII. Licences -- XIV. Assignment of Trade Marks -- XV. Trade Mark Protection Abroad -- XVI. Limitations to the Right to a Trade Mark -- XVII. Trade Mark Journals -- XVIII. The Trade Mark Agent -- Annexes -- I. Uniform Benelux Trade Mark Law -- II. International Classification of Goods and Services -- III. Bibliography -- IV. Index.
    Kurzfassung: In Holland it is a frequent and happy phenomenon that experts employed by a particular company do not confine their knowledge and experience purely within the privacy of that firm, but allow others to profit therefrom by being active within professional or business organisations, committees and so on. Professional journals also contain contributions from such experts with gratifying regularity. It is, however, extremely seldom and thus all the more welcome if such experts, in this case company lawyers, are willing to do even more. Mister Mak (LL.D.) and Mister Molijn (LL.M.) have been able to find the time and the quiet (or have sacrificed their own free time) to place on record for the benefit of the business world in Holland their great knowledge of trade mark law and their practical opinions. Those who are no strangers in this trade mark Jerusalem, know that the authors have not acquired their knowledge and experi­ ence solely within the large companies in which they are em­ ployed, but also in committees and on the boards of organisations which devote themselves to achieving good trade mark protection and to stimulating and/or criticising new developments in the legislative field. This fact is evident from the critical obser­ vations in this book and gives the book an interesting extra dimension.
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  • 17
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959491
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Biological membranes -- 2.1 Components of biological membranes -- 2.2 The phospholipid bilayer -- 2.3 Fluidity of the bilayer -- 2.4 Reservations on the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure -- References -- 3 Membrane lipids -- 3.1 Fatty acyl chains -- 3.2 Phase transitions -- 3.3 Trans-bilayer asymmetry -- References -- 4 Membrane proteins -- 4.1 Integral membrane proteins -- 4.2 Peripheral membrane proteins -- References -- 5 Membrane biosynthesis -- 5.1 Membrane lipid synthesis -- 5.2 Membrane protein synthesis -- 5.3 Integral protein synthesis -- 5.4 Peripheral membrane proteins -- 5.5 Factors affecting intracellular localization -- 5.6 Membrane turnover -- References.
    Kurzfassung: The student of biological science in his final years as an undergraduate and his first years as a graduate is expected to gain some familiarity with current research at the frontiers of his discipline. New research work is published in a perplexing diversity of publications and is inevitably concerned with the minutiae of the subject. The sheer number of research journals and papers also causes confusion and difficulties of assimilation. Review articles usually presuppose a background knowledge of the field and are inevitably rather restricted in scope. There is thus a need for short but authoritative introductions to those areas of modern biological research which are either not dealt with in standard introductory textbooks or are not dealt with in sufficient detail to enable the student to go on from them to read scholarly reviews with profit. This series of books is designed to satisfy this need. The authors have been asked to produce a brief outline of their subject assuming that their readers will have read and remembered much of a standard introductory textbook of biology. This outline then sets out to provide by building on this basis, the conceptual framework within which modern research work is progressing and aims to give the reader an indication of the problems, both conceptual and practical, which must be overcome if progress is to be maintained.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction2 Biological membranes -- 2.1 Components of biological membranes -- 2.2 The phospholipid bilayer -- 2.3 Fluidity of the bilayer -- 2.4 Reservations on the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure -- References -- 3 Membrane lipids -- 3.1 Fatty acyl chains -- 3.2 Phase transitions -- 3.3 Trans-bilayer asymmetry -- References -- 4 Membrane proteins -- 4.1 Integral membrane proteins -- 4.2 Peripheral membrane proteins -- References -- 5 Membrane biosynthesis -- 5.1 Membrane lipid synthesis -- 5.2 Membrane protein synthesis -- 5.3 Integral protein synthesis -- 5.4 Peripheral membrane proteins -- 5.5 Factors affecting intracellular localization -- 5.6 Membrane turnover -- References.
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  • 18
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400973022
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social service. ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Community psychology.
    Kurzfassung: I The Social Psychological Approach -- 1 The Social Psychological Approach -- II The Nature of Social Psychology -- 2 The Character of Social Psychology -- 3 Relationships -- 4 Identity -- 5 Groups -- 6 Environment -- 7 Personal and Social Change -- 8 Central Tenets of SPA Explanation and Analysis -- III The Nature of Social Work -- 9 The Structure of Social Work -- 10 BASW and Social Work -- 11 Demands and Skills -- IV Theory Use -- 12 Levels of Analysis in Social Work -- 13 How to Use a Theory -- V The Spa in Practice -- 14 Disablement -- 15 Group Homes -- 16 Child Battering -- 17 Community Work -- 18 Mental Illness -- 19 Use of the SPA by the Client -- 20 Student Supervision -- VI Analyst, Analyse Thyself -- Preface -- 21 The Position of the Social Work Profession -- 22 The Position of the Individual Social Worker -- VII Theory into Action -- 23 Theory into Action: A Conclusion -- References.
    Kurzfassung: This book was created to describe the social psychological approach (SPA) to the social work process. It has long been asserted that social workers need to understand and use social psychology in their practice. Yet the literature avail· able to social workers has been limited. There have been no texts on social psychology specifically designed for social workers. Instead, social workers have been presented with various forms of individual psychology and macrosociol­ ogy. There is, however, an important contribution which social psychology, the study of the individual in a social context, can make to the social work process. This contribution is the central concern of this book. Consequently, the book is seen as filling a fundamental gap in the existing social work literature. The structure of the book is dictated by the belief that social workers and social psychologists should collaborate in evolving a social psychological model of social work practice. Such a model, the result of collaboration between a social worker and a social psychologist, is presented here. The book is addressed not simply to teachers and students of social work but also, specifically, to social work practitioners and to social psychologists besides all those who deal with social work problems. In addressing a wide audience, it is important to estab­ lish a lingua franca: social workers need to understand the basics of social psychology and social psychologists must understand the basis of social work practice.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I The Social Psychological Approach1 The Social Psychological Approach -- II The Nature of Social Psychology -- 2 The Character of Social Psychology -- 3 Relationships -- 4 Identity -- 5 Groups -- 6 Environment -- 7 Personal and Social Change -- 8 Central Tenets of SPA Explanation and Analysis -- III The Nature of Social Work -- 9 The Structure of Social Work -- 10 BASW and Social Work -- 11 Demands and Skills -- IV Theory Use -- 12 Levels of Analysis in Social Work -- 13 How to Use a Theory -- V The Spa in Practice -- 14 Disablement -- 15 Group Homes -- 16 Child Battering -- 17 Community Work -- 18 Mental Illness -- 19 Use of the SPA by the Client -- 20 Student Supervision -- VI Analyst, Analyse Thyself -- Preface -- 21 The Position of the Social Work Profession -- 22 The Position of the Individual Social Worker -- VII Theory into Action -- 23 Theory into Action: A Conclusion -- References.
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  • 19
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400977969
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (384p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 501
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Ecology
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Background and Some Current Problems of Theoretical EcologyA Succession of Paradigms in Ecology: Essentialism to Materialism and Probabilism -- A Note on Simberloff’s ‘Succession of Paradigms in Ecology’ -- Dialectics and Reductionism in Ecology -- Reply -- Reductionistic Research Strategies and Their Biases in the Units of Selection Controversy -- Ecology - A Mixture of Pattern and Probabilism -- Useful Concepts for Predictive Ecology -- The Domain of Laboratory Ecology -- Null Hypotheses in Ecology -- The Role of Theoretical Concepts in Understanding the Ecological Theatre: A Case Study on Island Biogeography -- Randomness and Perceived-Randomness in Evolutionary Biology -- Why Misunderstand the Evolutionary Half of Biology? -- Natural Kinds, Natural History and Ecology -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 20
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401159784
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction — What are metamorphic rocks? -- What does a metamorphic rock look like? -- The make-up of metamorphic rocks -- Metamorphic rock textures -- Metamorphic reactions -- Field relations of metamorphic rocks -- Uses of metamorphic rocks -- What this book is about -- Summary -- Exercise -- 2 How rocks are changed — The factors controlling metamorphism -- The Earth’s heat -- Where does the heat come from? -- How does the heat travel? -- Heat flow -- The geothermal gradient -- Pressure in the Earth -- What is pore-fluid pressure? -- Stress and strain in the crust -- The driving force for metamorphic reactions -- Equilibrium in metamorphic reactions -- Crystal growth during metamorphism -- Diffusion during metamorphism -- Recrystallisation during metamorphism -- Metamorphism and crustal processes -- Plate tectonics and metamorphic rocks -- Metamorphic grades, zones and facies -- Classifying metamorphic processes -- Summary page -- Exercises -- 3 Metamorphic terrains I -- Contact metamorphism -- Dynamic metamorphic rocks -- Summary -- Exercises -- 4 Metamorphic terrains II -- Regional metamorphism -- Metamorphic rocks in Precambrian shields -- High-pressure—low-temperature regional metamorphism -- Summary -- Exercises -- 5 Mountain building and metamorphic rocks -- Continental collision zones -- Continent/ocean collision zones -- Metamorphic belts through time -- Heat flow with time -- Evolution of the Earth’s crust -- Metamorphic rocks and the early history of the Earth -- Summary -- Exercises -- 6 The timing of metamorphic events -- Metasomatism — bulk chemical change -- Further reading -- Answers to exercises.
    Kurzfassung: This book is about metamorphic rocks: the processes involved in their formation and the reasons why they occur at particular places on the continents. It has been written to serve as an elementary text on the subjects of metamorphism and mountain building for non-specialist stu­ dents of geology. It will be equally useful where geology is either the main or subsidiary subject and could be used by students intending to advance further in geology (the list of advanced texts in the further reading section would be more appropriate to such students). My inten­ tion in writing this book has been to try to dispel the notion that metamorphism comprises the 'haunted wing' of geology. Admittedly, there are rather a large number of technical terms in the book, but I hope that after working through it you will not find metamorphism an unduly difficult or obscure aspect of geology. Throughout, I have emphasised the strong links between mountain building, plate tectonics and metamorphic processes. The book introduces metamorphic rocks by considering their textures and field relations, then moves on to deal with the factors controlling metamorphism. Case studies of areas of metamorphic rocks are then presented in the context of modern theories of the Earth's activity, and the place of metamorphic rocks in the formation of ancient and young mountain belts is analysed. New technical terms and concepts are explained in context as they are introduced, important terms being emphasised in bold print.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction - What are metamorphic rocks?What does a metamorphic rock look like? -- The make-up of metamorphic rocks -- Metamorphic rock textures -- Metamorphic reactions -- Field relations of metamorphic rocks -- Uses of metamorphic rocks -- What this book is about -- Summary -- Exercise -- 2 How rocks are changed - The factors controlling metamorphism -- The Earth’s heat -- Where does the heat come from? -- How does the heat travel? -- Heat flow -- The geothermal gradient -- Pressure in the Earth -- What is pore-fluid pressure? -- Stress and strain in the crust -- The driving force for metamorphic reactions -- Equilibrium in metamorphic reactions -- Crystal growth during metamorphism -- Diffusion during metamorphism -- Recrystallisation during metamorphism -- Metamorphism and crustal processes -- Plate tectonics and metamorphic rocks -- Metamorphic grades, zones and facies -- Classifying metamorphic processes -- Summary page -- Exercises -- 3 Metamorphic terrains I -- Contact metamorphism -- Dynamic metamorphic rocks -- Summary -- Exercises -- 4 Metamorphic terrains II -- Regional metamorphism -- Metamorphic rocks in Precambrian shields -- High-pressure-low-temperature regional metamorphism -- Summary -- Exercises -- 5 Mountain building and metamorphic rocks -- Continental collision zones -- Continent/ocean collision zones -- Metamorphic belts through time -- Heat flow with time -- Evolution of the Earth’s crust -- Metamorphic rocks and the early history of the Earth -- Summary -- Exercises -- 6 The timing of metamorphic events -- Metasomatism - bulk chemical change -- Further reading -- Answers to exercises.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789401164627
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Criminal Law
    Kurzfassung: — Prologue -- One — Summary Notes on the Criminal Law of Canada -- One — Introduction -- Two — Canadian Common Law -- Three — Dutch Civil Law -- Four — Legislative Powers in Canada -- Five — The Judiciary -- Six — Sources of Canadian Criminal Law -- Seven — Basic Notions -- Eight — The Qualifying Factors -- Nine — The Disqualifying Factors Grounds for Impunity -- Ten — Negligence -- Eleven — Causality -- Twelve — Reasonable Attribution of Liability -- Thirteen — Criminal Liability -- Two — On Reasonaple Liability -- One — Strict Liability -- Two — Strict Liability in Dutch Criminal Law -- Three — Some Fictions in Common Law -- Four — Strict Responsibility and Penal Offences -- Five — An Aside with Respect to Evidence -- Six — The Res Ipsa Argument -- Seven — Justification of Punishment for Negligence -- Eight — The Case in Favor and Against Strict Responsibility -- Nine — Separating the Strict from the Absolute -- Ten — The Halfway House Doctrine -- Eleven — Due Diligence Before the Courts -- Twelve — In Defence of Due Diligence -- Thirteen — The AVAS Defence -- Fourteen — The Defence of Due Diligence in Canadian Criminal Law -- - Epilogue -- - Samenvatting -- - Footnotes -- Table of Cases -- Common Law Cases -- Dutch Case Law -- Curriculum Vitae.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: - PrologueOne - Summary Notes on the Criminal Law of Canada -- One - Introduction -- Two - Canadian Common Law -- Three - Dutch Civil Law -- Four - Legislative Powers in Canada -- Five - The Judiciary -- Six - Sources of Canadian Criminal Law -- Seven - Basic Notions -- Eight - The Qualifying Factors -- Nine - The Disqualifying Factors Grounds for Impunity -- Ten - Negligence -- Eleven - Causality -- Twelve - Reasonable Attribution of Liability -- Thirteen - Criminal Liability -- Two - On Reasonaple Liability -- One - Strict Liability -- Two - Strict Liability in Dutch Criminal Law -- Three - Some Fictions in Common Law -- Four - Strict Responsibility and Penal Offences -- Five - An Aside with Respect to Evidence -- Six - The Res Ipsa Argument -- Seven - Justification of Punishment for Negligence -- Eight - The Case in Favor and Against Strict Responsibility -- Nine - Separating the Strict from the Absolute -- Ten - The Halfway House Doctrine -- Eleven - Due Diligence Before the Courts -- Twelve - In Defence of Due Diligence -- Thirteen - The AVAS Defence -- Fourteen - The Defence of Due Diligence in Canadian Criminal Law -- - Epilogue -- - Samenvatting -- - Footnotes -- Table of Cases -- Common Law Cases -- Dutch Case Law -- Curriculum Vitae.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789401197281
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Dosage Design — Past, Present and Future -- 2. Radiopharmaceutical Targeting in Nuclear Medicine -- 3. Data Handling and Computation in Radionuclide Studies -- 4. Choice of Radionuclides for Scintigraphy -- 5. Formulation of Radiopharmaceuticals -- 6. Quality Control of Radiopharmaceuticals -- 7. Radiopharmaceutical Distribution Studies in the Rat -- 8. Studies of Radiolabelled Preparations in the Rabbit -- 9. The Utilisation of Short-Lived Radionuclides in the Assessment of Formulation and In Vivo Disposition of Drugs -- 10. Gastrointestinal Transit of Gamma-Emitting Radionuclide Labelled Preparations -- 11. Use of Multiple Pinhole External Scintigraphy to Monitor Tablet Disintegration in Vivo -- 12. Spreading Characteristics of Proprietary Rectal Steroid Preparations -- 13. In Vivo Radioimmunodetection of Cancer -- 14. Therapeutic Aerosol Deposition -- 15. The Evaluation of Parenterally Administered Emulsion Formulations -- 16. In Vivo Distributions of 99mTc-Labelled Liposomes -- 17. Factors Influencing the Clearance Rates of Colloidal Particles from the Rabbit Knee Joint -- 18. The Distribution of Radiolabelled Drug in Animals Infected with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Comparison of Free and Liposome-Bound Sodium Stibogluconate -- 19. Poster Abstracts -- 19.1 (1-11C)-Acetate — An Agent for the Tomographic Study of Myocardial Metabolism -- 19.2 Bone Scanning in Breast Cancer: Identification of the High-Risk Patient to Increase Positive Yield -- 19.3 Analysis of Gastric Emptying: a Standardised Technique -- 19.4 Intestinal Transit Time of 51Cr-Labelled Pellets of Different Densities -- 19.5 Deposition of Cobalt-57 in the Rat -- 19.6 Studies on the Systemic Bioavailability of Buprenorphine by Various Routes of Administration -- 19.7 The Clearance of Liposomes Administered by the Intramuscular Route -- 19.8 The Clearance of Polystyrene Microspheres from an Intramuscular Injection Site -- 19.9 The Clearance of Albumin Microspheres from an Intramuscular Injection Site -- 19.10 Gastric Emptying of Oils in the Rat -- 19.11 Evaluation of an Oral Sustained-Release Preparation by Gamma Scintigraphy -- 19.12 Spreading of Suppository Bases Assessed with Histological and Scintigraphic Techniques -- 19.13 Studies on Microencapsulation using Radionuclides.
    Kurzfassung: The use of gamma-emitting radionuclides for diagnostic imaging in nuclear medicine has been established for many years. Sophisticated gamma ray detecting camera systems and computer links enable the clinical investigator to image different regions of the body and to quantify organ function. Parallel developments have also occurred in the field of radiopharmaceuticals, and today a wide range of products is available that will exhibit specific uptake within target tissues following parenteral administration. For example, radioiodide is taken up by the thyroid and iodinated fatty acids can be used to image the myocardium. Labelled antibodies have been used with success to target certain tumours. The concept of targeting has also been considered by pharmaceutical scientists who wish to deliver drugs rather than radionuclides to specific sites in the body. The systems that have been employed are often physically similar to those used as radiopharmaceuticals (for example colloids, aerosols and liposomes). Furthermore, pioneering work by Digenis and others in the United States States and by Alpsten and co-workers (1976)in Sweden had demonstrated the potential of gamma scintigraphy for investigating the fate of tablets and capsules in the gastrointestinal tract of man in a non­ invasive way. In 1979, the Biopharmaceutics Research Group at Nottingham together with academic pharmacists from Manchester held a one-day syffiposium at Nottingham University to discuss how radio­ nuclides could be used in drug formulation studies to provide better approaches for the delivery of drugs to their sitesof action.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Dosage Design - Past, Present and Future2. Radiopharmaceutical Targeting in Nuclear Medicine -- 3. Data Handling and Computation in Radionuclide Studies -- 4. Choice of Radionuclides for Scintigraphy -- 5. Formulation of Radiopharmaceuticals -- 6. Quality Control of Radiopharmaceuticals -- 7. Radiopharmaceutical Distribution Studies in the Rat -- 8. Studies of Radiolabelled Preparations in the Rabbit -- 9. The Utilisation of Short-Lived Radionuclides in the Assessment of Formulation and In Vivo Disposition of Drugs -- 10. Gastrointestinal Transit of Gamma-Emitting Radionuclide Labelled Preparations -- 11. Use of Multiple Pinhole External Scintigraphy to Monitor Tablet Disintegration in Vivo -- 12. Spreading Characteristics of Proprietary Rectal Steroid Preparations -- 13. In Vivo Radioimmunodetection of Cancer -- 14. Therapeutic Aerosol Deposition -- 15. The Evaluation of Parenterally Administered Emulsion Formulations -- 16. In Vivo Distributions of 99mTc-Labelled Liposomes -- 17. Factors Influencing the Clearance Rates of Colloidal Particles from the Rabbit Knee Joint -- 18. The Distribution of Radiolabelled Drug in Animals Infected with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Comparison of Free and Liposome-Bound Sodium Stibogluconate -- 19. Poster Abstracts -- 19.1 (1-11C)-Acetate - An Agent for the Tomographic Study of Myocardial Metabolism -- 19.2 Bone Scanning in Breast Cancer: Identification of the High-Risk Patient to Increase Positive Yield -- 19.3 Analysis of Gastric Emptying: a Standardised Technique -- 19.4 Intestinal Transit Time of 51Cr-Labelled Pellets of Different Densities -- 19.5 Deposition of Cobalt-57 in the Rat -- 19.6 Studies on the Systemic Bioavailability of Buprenorphine by Various Routes of Administration -- 19.7 The Clearance of Liposomes Administered by the Intramuscular Route -- 19.8 The Clearance of Polystyrene Microspheres from an Intramuscular Injection Site -- 19.9 The Clearance of Albumin Microspheres from an Intramuscular Injection Site -- 19.10 Gastric Emptying of Oils in the Rat -- 19.11 Evaluation of an Oral Sustained-Release Preparation by Gamma Scintigraphy -- 19.12 Spreading of Suppository Bases Assessed with Histological and Scintigraphic Techniques -- 19.13 Studies on Microencapsulation using Radionuclides.
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  • 23
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401168595
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Science.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 The Immune System -- 2.1 Humoral immunity -- 2.2 Antibody structure and synthesis -- 2.3 Cell-mediated immunity -- 2.4 Histocompatibility antigens -- 2.5 Immune tolerance -- 2.6 Immunological techniques -- 3 Immunology and Reproduction in Male Mammals -- 3.1 Structure of the male reproductive system -- 3.2 Are sperm antigenic? -- 3.3 Antigenicity of the seminal plasma -- 3.4 Autoimmunity in the male -- 3.5 Spontaneous autoimmune reactions and infertility -- 4 Reproduction and Immunity in the Female -- 4.1 Reproduction in female mammals -- 4.2 Immune response in the female genital tract -- 4.3 Spermatozoa and semen within the female genital tract -- 4.4 Immunology and infertility in women -- 5 Immunological Implications of Pregnancy -- 5.1 Relations between mother and fetus -- 5.2 How might the fetus survive? -- 5.3 Immune response of the oviduct and uterus to embryos -- 5.4 Depression of the mother’s immune response -- 5.5 Is the fetus antigenic? -- 5.6 Is there a barrier between mother and fetus? -- 6 The Nature of the Mother’s Response -- 6.1 Humoral antibody responses to the fetus -- 6.2 Cell-mediated responses to the fetus -- 6.3 Interactions between cellular and humoral immunity -- 6.4 Suppressor cells -- 6.5 Further interactions between mother and fetus: the importance of being different -- 6.6 The role of the placenta -- 6.7 Harmful immune reactions against the fetus -- 7 Passive Transfer of Immunity -- 7.1 Routes of transfer -- 7.2 Prenatal transmission of immunity -- 7.3 Passive transfer of immunity after birth -- 8 Immunological Contraception -- 8.1 Strategies -- 8.2 Immunization against gamete-specific antigens -- 8.3 Immunization against reproductive hormones.
    Kurzfassung: Until quite recently, the field of reproductive immunology was very much a neglected area of biology, seen by most reproductive physiologists as of only peripheral importance. It was generally acknowledged as curious that a female mammal tolerated the intrusion of alien sperm and the persisting presence of an alien fetus, while reserving the prerogative of rejecting grafts of tissue, even when these were from her own mate. Several theories were advanced to explain this paradox, each with some supporting evidence: all were eventually shown to be inadequate. And there the matter was, on the whole, permitted to rest. In the last few years, the situation has changed dramatically, and the neglected area of overlap between immunology and reproduction has again become densely populated by research workers. As a symptom of this resurgence of interest, a specialist journal (the Journal of Reproductive Immunology) has been launched to supply what had rapidly been perceived as a need.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction2 The Immune System -- 2.1 Humoral immunity -- 2.2 Antibody structure and synthesis -- 2.3 Cell-mediated immunity -- 2.4 Histocompatibility antigens -- 2.5 Immune tolerance -- 2.6 Immunological techniques -- 3 Immunology and Reproduction in Male Mammals -- 3.1 Structure of the male reproductive system -- 3.2 Are sperm antigenic? -- 3.3 Antigenicity of the seminal plasma -- 3.4 Autoimmunity in the male -- 3.5 Spontaneous autoimmune reactions and infertility -- 4 Reproduction and Immunity in the Female -- 4.1 Reproduction in female mammals -- 4.2 Immune response in the female genital tract -- 4.3 Spermatozoa and semen within the female genital tract -- 4.4 Immunology and infertility in women -- 5 Immunological Implications of Pregnancy -- 5.1 Relations between mother and fetus -- 5.2 How might the fetus survive? -- 5.3 Immune response of the oviduct and uterus to embryos -- 5.4 Depression of the mother’s immune response -- 5.5 Is the fetus antigenic? -- 5.6 Is there a barrier between mother and fetus? -- 6 The Nature of the Mother’s Response -- 6.1 Humoral antibody responses to the fetus -- 6.2 Cell-mediated responses to the fetus -- 6.3 Interactions between cellular and humoral immunity -- 6.4 Suppressor cells -- 6.5 Further interactions between mother and fetus: the importance of being different -- 6.6 The role of the placenta -- 6.7 Harmful immune reactions against the fetus -- 7 Passive Transfer of Immunity -- 7.1 Routes of transfer -- 7.2 Prenatal transmission of immunity -- 7.3 Passive transfer of immunity after birth -- 8 Immunological Contraception -- 8.1 Strategies -- 8.2 Immunization against gamete-specific antigens -- 8.3 Immunization against reproductive hormones.
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  • 24
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401163842
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Preliminaries -- 1.0 Motivation -- 1.1 Vectors—algebra -- 1.2 Vectors—calculus -- 1.3 Matrices -- 1.4 Statics—equilibrium -- 1.5 Summation convention and index notation -- 1.6 Elements of beam theory -- 1.7 Conclusions -- 2. Statics and Kinematics of Plate Bending -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 The stress resultants -- 2.2 Principal values -- 2.3 The moment circle -- 2.4 Equilibrium equations—rectangular coordinates -- 2.5 Plate bending kinematics—rectangular coordinates -- 2.6 Equilibrium equations—polar coordinates—radial symmetry -- 2.7 Plate bending kinematics—polar coordinates—radial symmetry -- 2.8 Conclusions -- 3. Elastic Plates -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Elastic theory of plate bending—moment/curvature relations -- 3.2 Elastic theory of plate bending—governing equation -- 3.3 Circular plates—radial symmetry -- 3.4 Some simple solutions for circular plates -- 3.5 Simple solutions for problems in rectangular coordinates -- 3.6 Further separation of variable features—rectangular plates -- 3.7 Solution by finite differences -- 3.8 Some other aspects of plate theory -- 3.9 Stability of plates -- 3.10 Conclusions -- 4. Plastic Plates -- 4.0 Introduction -- A. Solid metal plates -- B. Reinforced concrete plates -- 5. Optimal Plates -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Problem formulation -- 5.2 Constant curvature surfaces and principal directions -- 5.3 Basic results—corners -- 5.4 Some complete results -- 5.5 Moment volumes -- 5.6 Some theory -- 5.7 Conclusions -- 5.8 Exercises -- 6. Bibliography and Exercises -- 6.0 Bibliography -- 6.1 Exercises -- Appendix Geometry of Surfaces -- A.0 The need for geometry -- A.1 Geometry of a plane curve—curvature -- A.2 Length measurement on a surface—first fundamental form -- A.3 The normal to a surface -- A.4 Normal curvature—second fundamental form -- A.5 The derivatives of n—the Weingarten equations -- A.6 Directions on a surface -- A.7 The principal curvatures -- A.8 Principal directions -- A.9 Curvature and twist along the coordinate lines -- A.10 The curvature matrix -- A.11 The curvature circle -- A.12 Continuity requirements -- A.13 Special surfaces -- A.14 Summary—the geometrical quantities required for the construction of a plate theory.
    Kurzfassung: Adding another volume, even if only a slim one, to the technical books already published requires some justification. Mine is, firstly, that plate theory is not well represented in the available elementary texts, and secondly that no existing text adequately covers modern applications. The present account is intended to be elementary (though this is a relative term) while still providing stimulation and worthwhile experience for the reader. Special features of interest will I hope be the treatment of geometry of surfaces and the attempts around the end of the work to speculate a little. The detailed treatment of geometry of surfaces has been placed in an appendix where it can readily be referred to by the reader. My interest in plate theory extends back many years to the energetic and stimulating discussions with my supervisor, Professor R. W. Tiffen, at Birkbeck College, London, and a debt to him remains. Interest was rekindled for me by Dr R. E. Melchers when I supervised him in Cambridge some ten years ago, and more recently my stay at Strathclyde University and encouragement and stimulation in the Civil Engineering Department led me to undertake the present work. The typescript was prepared by Ms Catherine Drummond and I thank her warmly for this and other assistance, always cheerfully offered. My thanks also to the publishers and the referees for useful comments and advice. P.G.L.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Preliminaries1.0 Motivation -- 1.1 Vectors-algebra -- 1.2 Vectors-calculus -- 1.3 Matrices -- 1.4 Statics-equilibrium -- 1.5 Summation convention and index notation -- 1.6 Elements of beam theory -- 1.7 Conclusions -- 2. Statics and Kinematics of Plate Bending -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 The stress resultants -- 2.2 Principal values -- 2.3 The moment circle -- 2.4 Equilibrium equations-rectangular coordinates -- 2.5 Plate bending kinematics-rectangular coordinates -- 2.6 Equilibrium equations-polar coordinates-radial symmetry -- 2.7 Plate bending kinematics-polar coordinates-radial symmetry -- 2.8 Conclusions -- 3. Elastic Plates -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Elastic theory of plate bending-moment/curvature relations -- 3.2 Elastic theory of plate bending-governing equation -- 3.3 Circular plates-radial symmetry -- 3.4 Some simple solutions for circular plates -- 3.5 Simple solutions for problems in rectangular coordinates -- 3.6 Further separation of variable features-rectangular plates -- 3.7 Solution by finite differences -- 3.8 Some other aspects of plate theory -- 3.9 Stability of plates -- 3.10 Conclusions -- 4. Plastic Plates -- 4.0 Introduction -- A. Solid metal plates -- B. Reinforced concrete plates -- 5. Optimal Plates -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Problem formulation -- 5.2 Constant curvature surfaces and principal directions -- 5.3 Basic results-corners -- 5.4 Some complete results -- 5.5 Moment volumes -- 5.6 Some theory -- 5.7 Conclusions -- 5.8 Exercises -- 6. Bibliography and Exercises -- 6.0 Bibliography -- 6.1 Exercises -- Appendix Geometry of Surfaces -- A.0 The need for geometry -- A.1 Geometry of a plane curve-curvature -- A.2 Length measurement on a surface-first fundamental form -- A.3 The normal to a surface -- A.4 Normal curvature-second fundamental form -- A.5 The derivatives of n-the Weingarten equations -- A.6 Directions on a surface -- A.7 The principal curvatures -- A.8 Principal directions -- A.9 Curvature and twist along the coordinate lines -- A.10 The curvature matrix -- A.11 The curvature circle -- A.12 Continuity requirements -- A.13 Special surfaces -- A.14 Summary-the geometrical quantities required for the construction of a plate theory.
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  • 25
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400957268
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Background and outline -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History of research on modern offshore tidal current sedimentation -- 1.3 A depositional surface for late Holocene deposits -- 1.4 Limits and outline of the book -- 2. Tidal currents of the continental shelf -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Tide generating forces and the ocean’s response -- 2.3 Tidal currents in shelf seas -- 2.4 Net sand transport caused by tidal current asymmetries -- 2.5 Flow near the sea floor -- 2.6 Internal tides -- 2.7 Tides past -- 2.8 Main conclusions -- 3. Bedforms -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Relevant flume bedforms -- 3.3 Transverse bedforms of the continental shelf 34 -- 3.4 Longitudinal bedforms of the continental shelf -- 3.5 Relationship between bedforms -- 3.6 Aeolian equivalents -- 3.7 Main conclusions -- 4. Sand transport -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Relation of sand transport rate to tidal current speed -- 4.3 Geographical variation in sand transport rate -- 4.4 Net sand transport by tidal currents -- 4.5 Temporal variations of sand transport rate and direction in a tidal sea -- 4.6 Growth, migration and decay of sand waves in the Southern Bight of the North Sea by total water movements -- 4.7 Local sand transport on modern sand banks -- 4.8 Main conclusions -- 5. Offshore tidal deposits: sand sheet and sand bank facies -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Late Holocene sand and gravel sheet facies -- 5.3 Sand bank facies -- 5.4 Sediment and faunal indicators of shape, depth and exposure of continental shelves -- 5.5 Longer term evolution of the deposits -- 5.6 Sand and gravel deposits of non-tidal marine currents -- 5.7 Main conclusions -- 6. Shelly faunas associated with temperate offshore tidal deposits -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Faunal associations -- 6.3 Bioturbation -- 6.4 Topics and areas excluded -- 6.5 Temperate water regions studied and their geological importance -- 6.6 Faunas in shallow nearshore waters -- 6.7 Faunas of the middle and outer continental shelf -- 6.8 Faunas of a bed-load parting -- 6.9 Faunas associated with bedform zones in the Western English Channel -- 6.10 Faunas associated with bedform zones in the Bristol Channel -- 6.11 Faunas associated with bedform zones in the Southern North Sea -- 6.12 Faunas associated with bedform zones on the Atlantic continental shelf between Brittany and Scotland -- 6.13 Faunas of active sand banks -- 6.14 Faunal evidence for stability of sand waves -- 6.15 Faunas as environmental indicators -- 6.16 Factors determining the faunal composition of death assemblages in shell gravels -- 6.17 Age of temperate water carbonates -- 6.18 Relative proportions of the major carbonate producers in death assemblages of continental shelf carbonates -- 6.18.1 Faunal composition of death assemblages in shell gravels in the strong current areas, Western English Channel and Celtic Sea -- 6.18.2 Faunal composition of death assemblages in shell gravels on the continental shelf west of Scotland -- 6.19 Temporal changes in the faunal composition of shell gravels -- 6.20 Long term evolution of temperate shelf carbonates -- 6.21 Applications to the fossil record -- 6.22 Main conclusions -- 7. Ancient offshore tidal deposits -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Recognition of ancient offshore tidal current activity -- 7.3 Structures preserved in ancient offshore tidal current deposits -- 7.4 Tidal currents aided by storm processes -- 7.5 Factors controlling the structure and composition of offshore tidal sediments through geological time -- 7.6 Some possible palaeotidal regimes -- 7.7 Sedimentology of a tidal sea: the Lower Greensand of southern England -- 7.8 Tidal currents through geological time: implications for future studies -- 7.9 Main conclusions -- REFERENCES.
    Kurzfassung: In the early 1970s a start was made on a broad review of what was known or could be surmised about sedimentation by strong tidal currents on modern continental shelves. This task was initiated because of the need to define the next phase of research in this field by the Marine Geology Group of the Institute of Oceano­ graphic Sciences. Related indications of the longer term evolution of the deposits were sought by close reference to the nature of modern tidal currents and the supposedly offshore tidal deposits of ancient seas. As the review grew in completeness it became of increasing relevance to a wider audience so it was amalgamated with the new results and shaped as a book. The fruits of the long-continued discussions within and outside the Geology Group have served to improve understanding of the processes and products of offshore tidal current sedimentation. On the other hand, the discussions have blurred the parts played by the people concerned. This applies to all chapters in varying degrees, but is especially true for Chapters 3, 4 and 5. The authorship attributed to each chapter therefore seeks to reflect those who were most con­ cerned with it.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Background and outline1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History of research on modern offshore tidal current sedimentation -- 1.3 A depositional surface for late Holocene deposits -- 1.4 Limits and outline of the book -- 2. Tidal currents of the continental shelf -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Tide generating forces and the ocean’s response -- 2.3 Tidal currents in shelf seas -- 2.4 Net sand transport caused by tidal current asymmetries -- 2.5 Flow near the sea floor -- 2.6 Internal tides -- 2.7 Tides past -- 2.8 Main conclusions -- 3. Bedforms -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Relevant flume bedforms -- 3.3 Transverse bedforms of the continental shelf 34 -- 3.4 Longitudinal bedforms of the continental shelf -- 3.5 Relationship between bedforms -- 3.6 Aeolian equivalents -- 3.7 Main conclusions -- 4. Sand transport -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Relation of sand transport rate to tidal current speed -- 4.3 Geographical variation in sand transport rate -- 4.4 Net sand transport by tidal currents -- 4.5 Temporal variations of sand transport rate and direction in a tidal sea -- 4.6 Growth, migration and decay of sand waves in the Southern Bight of the North Sea by total water movements -- 4.7 Local sand transport on modern sand banks -- 4.8 Main conclusions -- 5. Offshore tidal deposits: sand sheet and sand bank facies -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Late Holocene sand and gravel sheet facies -- 5.3 Sand bank facies -- 5.4 Sediment and faunal indicators of shape, depth and exposure of continental shelves -- 5.5 Longer term evolution of the deposits -- 5.6 Sand and gravel deposits of non-tidal marine currents -- 5.7 Main conclusions -- 6. Shelly faunas associated with temperate offshore tidal deposits -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Faunal associations -- 6.3 Bioturbation -- 6.4 Topics and areas excluded -- 6.5 Temperate water regions studied and their geological importance -- 6.6 Faunas in shallow nearshore waters -- 6.7 Faunas of the middle and outer continental shelf -- 6.8 Faunas of a bed-load parting -- 6.9 Faunas associated with bedform zones in the Western English Channel -- 6.10 Faunas associated with bedform zones in the Bristol Channel -- 6.11 Faunas associated with bedform zones in the Southern North Sea -- 6.12 Faunas associated with bedform zones on the Atlantic continental shelf between Brittany and Scotland -- 6.13 Faunas of active sand banks -- 6.14 Faunal evidence for stability of sand waves -- 6.15 Faunas as environmental indicators -- 6.16 Factors determining the faunal composition of death assemblages in shell gravels -- 6.17 Age of temperate water carbonates -- 6.18 Relative proportions of the major carbonate producers in death assemblages of continental shelf carbonates -- 6.18.1 Faunal composition of death assemblages in shell gravels in the strong current areas, Western English Channel and Celtic Sea -- 6.18.2 Faunal composition of death assemblages in shell gravels on the continental shelf west of Scotland -- 6.19 Temporal changes in the faunal composition of shell gravels -- 6.20 Long term evolution of temperate shelf carbonates -- 6.21 Applications to the fossil record -- 6.22 Main conclusions -- 7. Ancient offshore tidal deposits -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Recognition of ancient offshore tidal current activity -- 7.3 Structures preserved in ancient offshore tidal current deposits -- 7.4 Tidal currents aided by storm processes -- 7.5 Factors controlling the structure and composition of offshore tidal sediments through geological time -- 7.6 Some possible palaeotidal regimes -- 7.7 Sedimentology of a tidal sea: the Lower Greensand of southern England -- 7.8 Tidal currents through geological time: implications for future studies -- 7.9 Main conclusions -- REFERENCES.
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  • 26
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400957787
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- References to Preface and Chapter 1 -- I: Methods -- 2 Extraction of Organic Acids from Physiological Fluids -- 3 Derivatives of Organic Acids -- 4 Separation, Quantification and Identification -- 5 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- 6 Volatile Carboxylic Acids -- References to Part I -- II: Organic Acids in Physiological Fluids from Normal Subjects -- 7 Organic Acids in Blood and Urine from Normal Healthy Adults and Children -- 8 Organic Acids in Physiological Fluids Other than Urine and Blood -- References to Part II -- III: Organic Acids in Human Metabolic Diseases (The Organic Acidurias) -- 9 Organic Acids in the Study of Metabolic Diseases -- 10 Disorders of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism -- 11 Disorders of Propionate and Methylmalonate Metabolism -- 12 Specific Causes of Congenital Keto Acidosis in Infants -- 13 Disorders of l-Lysine Metabolism -- 14 The Dicarboxylic Acidurias -- 15 Congenital Lactic Acidurias and Disorders of Pyruvate Metabolism -- 16 Organic Acidurias due to Disorders in Other Metabolic Pathways -- Appendix of Mass-Spectrometric and Gas-Chromatographic Data.
    Kurzfassung: The writing of this book was prompted by the need for a comprehensive of current data on organic acids suitable for both newcomers and collection established researchers in this field. The only previous text of the kind was the excellent review by Nordmann and Nordmann (1961), and at that time the main method of analysis was paper chromatography with liquid chromatography being used in a limited way. Only three diseases in which organic acids accumulate were known (primary hyperoxaluria, phenylketonuria and alcaptonuria). Since then, with the development of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the further development ofliquid chromatography, knowledge concerning the nature of the organic acids in physiological fluids has been greatly extended. At the same time, the number of organic acidurias has increased dramatically, there being now some 40-50 known diseases of this type. During the past 15 years or so, there have been several reviews, dealing with either specific diseases or groups of diseases (Gompertz, 1972, 1974; Tanaka, 1975), or presenting the proceedings of symposia (Stern and Toothill, 1972) or workshops (Marner et al. , 1974). This present text deals comprehensively and in detail with the organic acids in human physiological fluids in health and in disease states, and is particularly concerned with the methods necessary for their separation, determination and indentification.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 IntroductionReferences to Preface and Chapter 1 -- I: Methods -- 2 Extraction of Organic Acids from Physiological Fluids -- 3 Derivatives of Organic Acids -- 4 Separation, Quantification and Identification -- 5 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- 6 Volatile Carboxylic Acids -- References to Part I -- II: Organic Acids in Physiological Fluids from Normal Subjects -- 7 Organic Acids in Blood and Urine from Normal Healthy Adults and Children -- 8 Organic Acids in Physiological Fluids Other than Urine and Blood -- References to Part II -- III: Organic Acids in Human Metabolic Diseases (The Organic Acidurias) -- 9 Organic Acids in the Study of Metabolic Diseases -- 10 Disorders of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism -- 11 Disorders of Propionate and Methylmalonate Metabolism -- 12 Specific Causes of Congenital Keto Acidosis in Infants -- 13 Disorders of l-Lysine Metabolism -- 14 The Dicarboxylic Acidurias -- 15 Congenital Lactic Acidurias and Disorders of Pyruvate Metabolism -- 16 Organic Acidurias due to Disorders in Other Metabolic Pathways -- Appendix of Mass-Spectrometric and Gas-Chromatographic Data.
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  • 27
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401174572
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Kurzfassung: 1 Pleasure-seeking and the aetiology of dependence -- 2 Legislation on drug control and drug abuse -- 3 British experience in the management of opiate dependence -- 4 The antagonist analgesic concept -- 5 Cannabis and dependency -- 6 Alcohol dependence: the ‘lack of control’ over alcohol and its implications -- 7 Dependence and psychoactive drugs -- 8 The nature and treatment of cigarette dependence -- 9 Compulsive overeating.
    Kurzfassung: ... there is scarcely any agent which can be taken into the body to which some individuals will not get a reaction satisfactory or pleasurable to them, persuading them to continue its use even to the point of abuse ... Eddy (1965) Dependence is one of the major problems of our modern society both in industrialized and developing nations. There is, however, nothing new in man's dependence on drugs. For many centuries past, there can be few people throughout the world who do not 'overuse', 'misuse' or 'abuse' some drugs. For many the drugs that are 'overused' are caffeine [from tea or coffee), nicotine [from tobacco) or alcohol [from beer, wine or spirits), all socially accepted normal ingredients of everyday life in most communities. For a prescribed medical smaller group 'misuse' concerns commonly substances, such as barbiturates, amphetamines. For an even smaller group there is the less socially acceptable 'abuse' of specific drugs such as morphine and related analgesics, cannabis, or hallucinogens.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Pleasure-seeking and the aetiology of dependence2 Legislation on drug control and drug abuse -- 3 British experience in the management of opiate dependence -- 4 The antagonist analgesic concept -- 5 Cannabis and dependency -- 6 Alcohol dependence: the ‘lack of control’ over alcohol and its implications -- 7 Dependence and psychoactive drugs -- 8 The nature and treatment of cigarette dependence -- 9 Compulsive overeating.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789401768047
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 191 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Social legislation ; International law.
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  • 29
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401766579
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XX, 316 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Second Edition with an Introduction by P.E. de Josselin de Jong
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
    Serie: Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Regional planning ; Religion (General) ; Religion. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
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  • 30
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959187
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Glass Formation -- 1.1 General Aspects -- 1.2 Glass Formers -- 1.3 Atomistic Hypotheses of Glass Formation -- 1.4 Kinetic Approach to Glass Formation -- 2 Phase Transformations in Glass -- 2.1 Crystallization -- 2.2 Liquid -Liquid Phase Separation -- 2.3 Glass-Ceramics -- 3 Physical Properties -- 3.1 Density of Glasses -- 3.2 Partial Molar Volume of Constituent Oxides in Glasses and Melts -- 3.3 Refractive Index of Glasses -- 3.4 Thermal Expansion of Glasses -- 3.5 Viscosity of Glasses -- 3.6 Surface Tension of Glasses -- 3.7 Electrical Properties of Glasses -- 4 Chemical Durability of Glass -- 4.1 Mechanism of Reactions of Glasses with Aqueous Solution -- 4.2 Factors Affecting Chemical Durability Measurements of a Glass -- 4.3 Effect of Glass Composition -- 4.4 Effect of pH of the Solution on Chemical Durability of SiO2 (quartz) -- 4.5 Solubility of Silica in Aqueous Solutions -- 4.6 Glass Electrodes -- 5 Oxidation-Reduction Equilibrium in Glass -- 5.1 General -- 5.2 Activity Corrections -- 5.3 Oxidation -Reduction in Glass -- 5.4 Theory of Redox Reactions in Solutions -- 6 Acid-Base Concepts in Glass -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Acid-Base Relationships in Glasses -- 6.3 Oxygen Ion Activity -- 6.4 Transition Metal Ions as Acid-Base Indicators in Glass -- 6.5 Oxidation-Reduction Equilibrium in Glass -- 6.6 Filled Shell Ions with ns2 Configuration as an Acid-Base Indicator in Glass -- 6.7 Vanadylion as an Acid-Base Indicator in Glass -- 7 Coloured Glasses -- 7.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Classification of Transition Metals -- 7.2 Theories of Chemical Bonding in Transition Metal Complexes -- 7.3 Application of Bonding Theories in Interpreting d-d Absorption Spectra -- 7.4 Absorption Spectra of Transition Metal Ions -- 7.5 Charge-Transfer Bands -- 7.6 Anionic Substitution in Glass -- 7.7 Photosensitive Glasses -- 7.8 Copper Ruby Glasses -- 7.9 Measurement of Colour, Colour Diagram and Tristimulus Values -- 8 Polymetric Nature of Glass Melts.
    Kurzfassung: 'The preface ... either serves for the explanation of the purpose of the book, or for justification and as an answer to critics'. Lermontov This book is based mainly on the lectures on the Chemistry of Glasses which I gave at the University of Sheffield to the final year honours and postgraduate students of Glass Technology and Materials Science. Most books reflect the interests and enthusiasm of their authors, and the present one is no exception. The chemistry of glass is a rapidly developing field because the frontiers of advanced chemistry and advanced physics are merging together and con­ sequently this book will soon require considerable amplification and modification. However, my experience in teaching the chemistry of glasses for more than a decade has shown me that there is much need for a good text-book on the subject. This book is therefore intended to be a stop-gap which, until it receives that new revision. may serve as a useful reference work for students and research workers alike. I gratefully acknowledge the influence on my thinking of many of those colleagues at Sheffield with whom I have been in contact during the past twenty years or so. In addition to these personal influences, other published works have had considerable influence in modifying my approach. especially Cotton and Wilkinson's Advanced inorganic Chemistry. Dr Peter James helped me in writing Chapter 2, and Professor Peter McMillan not only read the whole manuscript but also made a number of most helpful suggestions.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Glass Formation1.1 General Aspects -- 1.2 Glass Formers -- 1.3 Atomistic Hypotheses of Glass Formation -- 1.4 Kinetic Approach to Glass Formation -- 2 Phase Transformations in Glass -- 2.1 Crystallization -- 2.2 Liquid -Liquid Phase Separation -- 2.3 Glass-Ceramics -- 3 Physical Properties -- 3.1 Density of Glasses -- 3.2 Partial Molar Volume of Constituent Oxides in Glasses and Melts -- 3.3 Refractive Index of Glasses -- 3.4 Thermal Expansion of Glasses -- 3.5 Viscosity of Glasses -- 3.6 Surface Tension of Glasses -- 3.7 Electrical Properties of Glasses -- 4 Chemical Durability of Glass -- 4.1 Mechanism of Reactions of Glasses with Aqueous Solution -- 4.2 Factors Affecting Chemical Durability Measurements of a Glass -- 4.3 Effect of Glass Composition -- 4.4 Effect of pH of the Solution on Chemical Durability of SiO2 (quartz) -- 4.5 Solubility of Silica in Aqueous Solutions -- 4.6 Glass Electrodes -- 5 Oxidation-Reduction Equilibrium in Glass -- 5.1 General -- 5.2 Activity Corrections -- 5.3 Oxidation -Reduction in Glass -- 5.4 Theory of Redox Reactions in Solutions -- 6 Acid-Base Concepts in Glass -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Acid-Base Relationships in Glasses -- 6.3 Oxygen Ion Activity -- 6.4 Transition Metal Ions as Acid-Base Indicators in Glass -- 6.5 Oxidation-Reduction Equilibrium in Glass -- 6.6 Filled Shell Ions with ns2 Configuration as an Acid-Base Indicator in Glass -- 6.7 Vanadylion as an Acid-Base Indicator in Glass -- 7 Coloured Glasses -- 7.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Classification of Transition Metals -- 7.2 Theories of Chemical Bonding in Transition Metal Complexes -- 7.3 Application of Bonding Theories in Interpreting d-d Absorption Spectra -- 7.4 Absorption Spectra of Transition Metal Ions -- 7.5 Charge-Transfer Bands -- 7.6 Anionic Substitution in Glass -- 7.7 Photosensitive Glasses -- 7.8 Copper Ruby Glasses -- 7.9 Measurement of Colour, Colour Diagram and Tristimulus Values -- 8 Polymetric Nature of Glass Melts.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789400969346
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: Changes in the socio-economic status of the Belgian nobility in the nineteenth century -- Industrialization and economic growth in the Netherlands during the nineteenth century: an integration of recent studies -- A ‘New’ and an ‘Old Trend’. Military thinking in the Netherlands and the Dutch East around the turn of the century -- Van Karnebeek’s break with tradition -- A cheque drawn on a failing bank: the address delivered by Queen Wilhelmina on 6th/7th December 1942 -- The Great Strike of 1960–61: its economic and socio-political background -- Survey of recent historical works on Belgium and the Netherlands published in Dutch -- Authors and Translators.
    Kurzfassung: The present volume, number 15 of the Acta Historiae Neerlandicae - which have been appearing since 1978 under the title The Low Countries History Yearbook - is the last of the series. Economic reasons force the publishers to discontinue it. This is a matter for regret. Both the editors of the Yearbook and the board of the Nederlands Historisch Genootschap, under the auspices of which it has been published, are con­ vinced that the books serve a useful purpose. We hope that in the future more favour­ able circumstances will enable Dutch and Flemish historians to start a second series. We feel, however, that the Yearbook should not be allowed to disappear com­ pletely. In our opinion, one of its most attractive features has been the 'Survey of recent historical works on Belgium and the Netherlands published in Dutch.' It is the intention of the Nederlands Historisch Genootschal'. to seek means to continue this in another form, probably in that of pamphlets appearing every two years and written by the same, or a similar, group of experts. In that way we may be able to provide a useful service to our colleagues abroad.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Changes in the socio-economic status of the Belgian nobility in the nineteenth centuryIndustrialization and economic growth in the Netherlands during the nineteenth century: an integration of recent studies -- A ‘New’ and an ‘Old Trend’. Military thinking in the Netherlands and the Dutch East around the turn of the century -- Van Karnebeek’s break with tradition -- A cheque drawn on a failing bank: the address delivered by Queen Wilhelmina on 6th/7th December 1942 -- The Great Strike of 1960-61: its economic and socio-political background -- Survey of recent historical works on Belgium and the Netherlands published in Dutch -- Authors and Translators.
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  • 32
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959385
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction to high performance liquid chromatography1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Nomenclature -- 1.3 Liquid Chromatography Modes -- 1.4 Scope of Techniques -- References -- 2 Chromatographic theory -- 2.1 The Process of Separation -- 2.2 Retention in Liquid Chromatography -- 2.3 Band Broadening-Origins -- 2.4 Band Broadening and the Plate Height Equation -- 2.5 Overall Plate Height Equation -- 2.6 Comparison with Gas Chromatography -- 2.7 Column Efficiency and Particle Diameter -- 2.8 Reduced Plate Height and Reduced Velocity -- 2.9 Extra-Column Band Broadening -- 2.10 Resolution -- 2.11 Resolution and Time for Analysis -- 2.12 Theory of Exclusion Chromatography -- References -- 3 Equipment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mobile Phase (Solvent) Reservoirs and Solvent Degassing -- 3.3 Pumping Systems -- 3.4 Flow Controllers -- 3.5 Solvent Flow Programming Equipment -- 3.6 Pulse Damping -- 3.7 Pressure Measurement -- 3.8 Filters -- 3.9 Sample Introduction Systems -- 3.10 Columns and Column Fittings -- 3.11 Column Thermostats -- 3.12 Liquid Chromatography Detectors -- 3.13 Flow rate Measurement -- 3.14 Fraction Collectors -- 3.15 Data Handling -- 3.16 Microprocessor Controlled HPLC -- References -- 4. Stationary phases in liquid chromatography -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Stationary Phase Types -- 4.3 Coltimn Packing Techniques -- 4.4 Liquid-Solid Chromatography -- 4.5 Liquid-Liquid Chromatography -- 4.6 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 4.7 Exclusion Chromatography -- 4.8 Care of Columns -- References -- 5. Mobile phases in liquid chromatography -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Solvent Qualities -- 5.3 liquid-Solid Chromatography -- 5.4 Liquid-Liquid Chromatography -- 5.5 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 5.6 Exclusion Chromatography -- 5.7 Gradient Elution -- References -- 6. Developing a chromatogram -- 6.1 Nature of the Problem -- 6.2 Choice of Chromatographic Mode -- 6.3 Selection of Stationary Phase and Mobile Phase -- 6.4 Choice of Detector -- 6.5 Chromatographic Separation -- 6.6 The General Elution Problem -- 6.7 Quantitative Analysis -- References -- 7. Preparative high performance liquid chromatography and trace analysis -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Stages in Preparative HPLC -- 7.3 Infinite Diameter Columns -- 7.4 Packing of a Preparative Column -- 7.5 Summary of Preparative HPLC -- 7.6 Trace Analysis -- References -- 8. Applications of high performance liquid chromatography -- 8.1 Pharmaceuticals -- 8.2 Biochemicals -- 8.3 Food Chemicals -- 8.4 Heavy Industrial Chemicals -- 8.5 Inorganic -- 8.6 Miscellaneous -- Compound Index.
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  • 33
    Online-Ressource
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959101
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: General Considerations -- The phase rule -- The ternary space model -- 2 Systems Containing Two Phases -- 3 Systems Containing Three Phases -- Systems Containing Three Phases -- Systems containing a eutectic reaction L ?? + #x03B2; -- Systems containing a peritectic reaction L + ? ? #x03B2; -- Transition between eutectic and peritectic three-phase reactions -- Systems containing a monotectic reaction L1? L2 + ? -- Systems containing a solid state miscibility gap that closes within 36 the system -- 4 Systems Containing Four Phases -- Systems containing a ternary eutectic reaction -- 4.2 Fundamental (2,2) Two-Dimensional Lattice Structures -- 5 Reversible Logic: Fundamentals and New Results -- An intermediate phase stable up to its melting point (i.e. con- 66 gruently melting) exists in one of the binary systems -- An intermediate phase formed by a peritectic reaction exists in one of the binary systems -- More than one binary intermediate phase exists in the system -- Ternary intermediate phases are present -- 6 Reversible Lattice Structure -- Primary phase fields on a liquidus projection -- Curves on a liquidus projection -- Points on a liquidus projection -- Non-equilibrium cooling -- 7 Selected Case Studies of Ternary Systems -- C-Nb-ta -- As-Ga-Zn -- Au-Pb-Sn -- Al-Cr-Ni -- C-Cr-Fe, Cr-Fe-Ni and C-Cr-Fe-Ni -- Fe-O-S -- Ag-Pb-Zn -- Al203-MgO-Si02 -- Answers to Problems -- References -- Graph Paper for Calculations.
    Kurzfassung: INFORMATION concerning phase equilibria, such as can be represented by equilibrium diagrams is important in a number of fields of scientific study, and especially in metallurgy, ceramics, and chemistry. Materials of interest in these fields range through single-component to multi-component sys­ tems, the latter often being very complex. While many industrially im­ portant systems can be represented adequately by binary equilibrium diagrams, ternary diagrams provide a basis for studying a wide range of the more complex systems, such as are encountered in certain industrial alloys, and in slags and ceramics. A number of texts dealing with ternary systems are already available (see for example references 2-8). Some of these are very comprehensive and include many diagrams, and their use will take the student of the sub­ ject to an advanced and detailed level of understanding. The present mono­ graph is intended primarily as an introductory text, which it is hoped will prove useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students of metallurgy and ceramics, in particular. Special attention is given to the requirement of the metallurgist and ceramist to use phase diagrams as a means of under­ standing phase changes that occur during heating and cooling, as in solidi­ fication and heat treatment of alloys. This aspect is emphasized in terms of the principles of solidification reactions in relation to solid state constitu­ tion, particularly making use of liquidus and solidus projections.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: General ConsiderationsThe phase rule -- The ternary space model -- 2 Systems Containing Two Phases -- 3 Systems Containing Three Phases -- Systems Containing Three Phases -- Systems containing a eutectic reaction L ?? + #x03B2; -- Systems containing a peritectic reaction L + ? ? #x03B2; -- Transition between eutectic and peritectic three-phase reactions -- Systems containing a monotectic reaction L1? L2 + ? -- Systems containing a solid state miscibility gap that closes within 36 the system -- 4 Systems Containing Four Phases -- Systems containing a ternary eutectic reaction -- 4.2 Fundamental (2,2) Two-Dimensional Lattice Structures -- 5 Reversible Logic: Fundamentals and New Results -- An intermediate phase stable up to its melting point (i.e. con- 66 gruently melting) exists in one of the binary systems -- An intermediate phase formed by a peritectic reaction exists in one of the binary systems -- More than one binary intermediate phase exists in the system -- Ternary intermediate phases are present -- 6 Reversible Lattice Structure -- Primary phase fields on a liquidus projection -- Curves on a liquidus projection -- Points on a liquidus projection -- Non-equilibrium cooling -- 7 Selected Case Studies of Ternary Systems -- C-Nb-ta -- As-Ga-Zn -- Au-Pb-Sn -- Al-Cr-Ni -- C-Cr-Fe, Cr-Fe-Ni and C-Cr-Fe-Ni -- Fe-O-S -- Ag-Pb-Zn -- Al203-MgO-Si02 -- Answers to Problems -- References -- Graph Paper for Calculations.
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  • 34
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959460
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Materials (A1) -- 1.1 Stress and strain -- 1.2 Hooke’s Law and Young’s Modulus -- 1.3 Testing of materials: load—extension graphs -- Exercises 1.1 -- 2. Heat -- 2.1 Linear and cubical expansion (B2) -- Exercises 2.1 -- 2.2 Sensible heat and latent heat (B3) -- 2.3 Specific heat capacity -- 2.4 Boiling point of liquids -- Exercises 2.2 -- 2.5 Elementary thermodynamics (B4) -- Exercises 2.3 -- 2.6 Compression ratios (B5) -- Exercises 2.4 -- 2.7 Engine power and efficiency (B6) -- Exercises 2.5 -- 2.8 Internal combustion engine cycles -- 2.9 Imep, bmep and mechanical efficiency -- Exercises 2.6 -- 2.10 Engine torque and brake power -- 2.11 Fuel consumption and thermal efficiency -- Exercises 2.7 -- 2.12 Engine testing and characteristic curves -- 2.13 Conservation of energy -- 2.14 Indicated power and mechanical efficiency -- Exercises 2.8 -- Exercises 2.9 -- 2.15 Fuel consumption and thermal efficiency -- 2.16 Ignition tests -- 2.17 Heat balance tests -- Exercises 2.10 -- 2.18 Fuels used in IC engines (B7) -- 3. Dynamics -- 3.1 Velocity and acceleration (C8) -- Exercises 3.1 -- 3.2 Free falling and projected bodies -- Exercises 3.2 -- 3.3 Angular and linear motion (C9) -- Exercises 3.3 -- 3.4 Friction and bearings (C10) -- Exercises 3.4 -- 3.5 Clutches -- Exercises 3.5 -- 3.6 Brakes -- Exercises 3.6 -- 4. Lubrication (D11) -- 4.1 Principles of bearings and their uses -- 4.2 Ball and roller bearings -- 4.3 Properties of lubricating oils -- 5. Statics -- 5.1 Triangle and polygon of forces (E13) -- 5.2 Piston, connecting rod and cylinder wall forces -- 5.3 Torque at the crankshaft -- 5.4 Piston displacement -- 5.5 Wheel balance -- Exercises 5.1 -- 5.6 Principle of moments (E14) -- 5.7 Centre of gravity -- Exercises 5.2 -- 5.8 Reaction of beam supports (E15) -- 5.9 Bending moments and shearing forces -- Exercises 5.3 -- 5.10 Springs and torsion bars (E16) -- Exercises 5.4 -- 5.11 Transmission and steering components (E17) -- Exercises 5.5 -- 6. Electricity (F18) -- 6.1 The secondary cell -- 6.2 Battery developments -- Exercises 6.1 -- 7. Miscellaneous exercises -- 7.1 Materials -- 7.2 Heat -- 7.3 Dynamics -- 7.4 Statics -- Answers to Exercises.
    Kurzfassung: A motor vehicle technician has to attain high technological skills to enable him or her to diagnose faults and service modern transport vehicles and their components. Science is a branch of study concerned with the systematic investigation of observed facts, and forms an important foundation on which to build sound engineering practice. Such a background will stimulate personal development by increasing confidence and intellectual ability. This is the first of two books planned to cover the TEe U77/413 and 415 Motor Vehicle Science II and III Model programmes of study. Part 1 is intended to cover the requirements of Motor Vehicle Science II. The fundamental principles of engineering science have been applied to the motor vehicle in a systematic and progressive manner to enable the reader to follow most of the work on his or her initiative. The book is aimed mainly at the student who is attending a recognized college course leading to a Technician qualification. The importance of the college lecturer and his individual method of teaching the subject remains of prime importance to the student. The book is designed to become a valid source of information to assist the student both in and out of the classroom environment to attain his or her objective. Numerous fully worked and exercise examples are given. Plenty of practice in solving problems is an excellent way to gain knowledge of the subject, and improve confidence in preparation for an examination.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Materials (A1)1.1 Stress and strain -- 1.2 Hooke’s Law and Young’s Modulus -- 1.3 Testing of materials: load-extension graphs -- Exercises 1.1 -- 2. Heat -- 2.1 Linear and cubical expansion (B2) -- Exercises 2.1 -- 2.2 Sensible heat and latent heat (B3) -- 2.3 Specific heat capacity -- 2.4 Boiling point of liquids -- Exercises 2.2 -- 2.5 Elementary thermodynamics (B4) -- Exercises 2.3 -- 2.6 Compression ratios (B5) -- Exercises 2.4 -- 2.7 Engine power and efficiency (B6) -- Exercises 2.5 -- 2.8 Internal combustion engine cycles -- 2.9 Imep, bmep and mechanical efficiency -- Exercises 2.6 -- 2.10 Engine torque and brake power -- 2.11 Fuel consumption and thermal efficiency -- Exercises 2.7 -- 2.12 Engine testing and characteristic curves -- 2.13 Conservation of energy -- 2.14 Indicated power and mechanical efficiency -- Exercises 2.8 -- Exercises 2.9 -- 2.15 Fuel consumption and thermal efficiency -- 2.16 Ignition tests -- 2.17 Heat balance tests -- Exercises 2.10 -- 2.18 Fuels used in IC engines (B7) -- 3. Dynamics -- 3.1 Velocity and acceleration (C8) -- Exercises 3.1 -- 3.2 Free falling and projected bodies -- Exercises 3.2 -- 3.3 Angular and linear motion (C9) -- Exercises 3.3 -- 3.4 Friction and bearings (C10) -- Exercises 3.4 -- 3.5 Clutches -- Exercises 3.5 -- 3.6 Brakes -- Exercises 3.6 -- 4. Lubrication (D11) -- 4.1 Principles of bearings and their uses -- 4.2 Ball and roller bearings -- 4.3 Properties of lubricating oils -- 5. Statics -- 5.1 Triangle and polygon of forces (E13) -- 5.2 Piston, connecting rod and cylinder wall forces -- 5.3 Torque at the crankshaft -- 5.4 Piston displacement -- 5.5 Wheel balance -- Exercises 5.1 -- 5.6 Principle of moments (E14) -- 5.7 Centre of gravity -- Exercises 5.2 -- 5.8 Reaction of beam supports (E15) -- 5.9 Bending moments and shearing forces -- Exercises 5.3 -- 5.10 Springs and torsion bars (E16) -- Exercises 5.4 -- 5.11 Transmission and steering components (E17) -- Exercises 5.5 -- 6. Electricity (F18) -- 6.1 The secondary cell -- 6.2 Battery developments -- Exercises 6.1 -- 7. Miscellaneous exercises -- 7.1 Materials -- 7.2 Heat -- 7.3 Dynamics -- 7.4 Statics -- Answers to Exercises.
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  • 35
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959583
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Third Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Examples of random variation -- 1.2 One-dimensional frequency distributions -- 1.3 Summarizing quantities -- 1.4 Frequency distributions in two or more dimensions -- 1.5 Some illustrative examples -- 1.6 Populations, samples and probability -- 2 Probability and Probability Distributions -- 2.1 Probability -- 2.2 Addition law of probability -- 2.3 Conditional probability and statistical independence -- 2.4 Examples -- 2.5 Discrete random variables -- 2.6 Continuous random variables -- 2.7 Several random variables -- 3 Expectation and its Applications -- 3.1 Expectation -- 3.2 Variance -- 3.3 Higher moments -- 3.4 Dependence and covariance -- 3.5 Normal models -- 4 Sampling Distributions and Statistical Inference -- 4.1 Statistical inference -- 4.2 Pseudo random deviates -- 4.3 A sampling experiment -- 4.4 Estimation -- 4.5 Significance tests -- 5 Single Sample Problems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Point estimates of µ and ?2 -- 5.3 Interval estimates for µ (?2 unknown) -- 5.4 Interval estimates for ?2 -- 5.5 Significance test for a mean -- 5.6 Significance test for a variance -- 5.7 Departures from assumptions -- 6 Two Sample Problems -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The comparison of two independent sample means -- 6.3 The comparison of two independent sample variances -- 6.4 Analysis of paired samples -- 6.5 An example -- 6.6 Departures from assumptions -- 7 Non-parametric Tests -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Normal approximation to the binomial distribution -- 7.3 The sign test -- 7.4 The signed rank (Wilcoxon one sample) test -- 7.5 Two sample rank (Wilcoxon) test -- 7.6 Discussion -- 8 The Analysis of Discrete Data -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Distributions and approximations -- 8.3 Inference about a single Poisson mean -- 8.4 Inference about a single binomial probability -- 8.5 The comparison of two Poisson variates -- 8.6 The comparison of two binomial variates -- 8.7 Comparison of proportions in matched pairs -- 8.8 Examination of Poisson frequency table -- 8.9 Examination of binomial frequency tables -- 8.10 Comparison of observed and expected frequencies -- 8.11 Contingency tables -- 8.12 A tasting experiment -- 9 Statistical Models and Least Squares -- 9.1 General points -- 9.2 An example -- 9.3 Least squares -- 10 Linear Regression -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Least squares estimates -- 10.3 Properties of ? and ? -- 10.4 Predictions from regressions -- 10.5 Comparison of two regression lines -- 10.6 Equally spaced x-values -- 10.7 Use of residuals -- 10.8 Discussion of models -- 11 Multiple Regression -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Theory for two explanatory variables only -- 11.3 Analysis of Example 11.2 -- 11.4 Discussion -- 12 Analysis of Variance -- 12.1 The problem -- 12.2 Theory of one-way analysis of variance -- 12.3 Procedure for analysis -- 12.4 Two-way analysis of variance -- 12.5 Linear contrasts -- 12.6 Randomized blocks -- 12.7 Components of variance -- 12.8 Departures from assumptions -- Miscellaneous Exercises -- Appendix One Notes on calculation and computing 307 -- Appendix Two Statistical tables -- Appendix Three Hints to the solution of selected exercises -- References -- Author Index.
    Kurzfassung: This book is mainly based on lectures given by Professor D. R. Cox and myself at Birkbeck College over a period of eight to nine years. It began as a. joint venture, but pressure of other work made it necessary for Professor Cox to withdraw early on. I have throughout received much valuable advice and encouragement from Professor Cox, but of course, I am solely responsible for the text, and any errors remaining in it. The book is intended as a first course on statistical methods, and there is a liberal supply of exercises. Although the mathematical level of the book is low, I have tried to explain carefully the logical reasoning behind the use of the methods discussed. Some of the exercises which require more difficult mathematics are marked with an asterisk, and these may be omitted. In this way, I hope that the book will satisfy the needs for a course on statistical methods at a range of mathematical levels. It is essential for the reader to work through the numerical exercises, for only in this way can he grasp the full meaning and usefulness of the statistical techniques, and gain practice in the interpretation of the results. Chapters 7 and 8 discuss methods appropriate for use on ranked or discrete data, and Chapters 9-12 do not depend on these chapters. Chapters 7 and 8 may therefore be omitted, if desired.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction1.1 Examples of random variation -- 1.2 One-dimensional frequency distributions -- 1.3 Summarizing quantities -- 1.4 Frequency distributions in two or more dimensions -- 1.5 Some illustrative examples -- 1.6 Populations, samples and probability -- 2 Probability and Probability Distributions -- 2.1 Probability -- 2.2 Addition law of probability -- 2.3 Conditional probability and statistical independence -- 2.4 Examples -- 2.5 Discrete random variables -- 2.6 Continuous random variables -- 2.7 Several random variables -- 3 Expectation and its Applications -- 3.1 Expectation -- 3.2 Variance -- 3.3 Higher moments -- 3.4 Dependence and covariance -- 3.5 Normal models -- 4 Sampling Distributions and Statistical Inference -- 4.1 Statistical inference -- 4.2 Pseudo random deviates -- 4.3 A sampling experiment -- 4.4 Estimation -- 4.5 Significance tests -- 5 Single Sample Problems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Point estimates of µ and ?2 -- 5.3 Interval estimates for µ (?2 unknown) -- 5.4 Interval estimates for ?2 -- 5.5 Significance test for a mean -- 5.6 Significance test for a variance -- 5.7 Departures from assumptions -- 6 Two Sample Problems -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The comparison of two independent sample means -- 6.3 The comparison of two independent sample variances -- 6.4 Analysis of paired samples -- 6.5 An example -- 6.6 Departures from assumptions -- 7 Non-parametric Tests -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Normal approximation to the binomial distribution -- 7.3 The sign test -- 7.4 The signed rank (Wilcoxon one sample) test -- 7.5 Two sample rank (Wilcoxon) test -- 7.6 Discussion -- 8 The Analysis of Discrete Data -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Distributions and approximations -- 8.3 Inference about a single Poisson mean -- 8.4 Inference about a single binomial probability -- 8.5 The comparison of two Poisson variates -- 8.6 The comparison of two binomial variates -- 8.7 Comparison of proportions in matched pairs -- 8.8 Examination of Poisson frequency table -- 8.9 Examination of binomial frequency tables -- 8.10 Comparison of observed and expected frequencies -- 8.11 Contingency tables -- 8.12 A tasting experiment -- 9 Statistical Models and Least Squares -- 9.1 General points -- 9.2 An example -- 9.3 Least squares -- 10 Linear Regression -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Least squares estimates -- 10.3 Properties of ? and ? -- 10.4 Predictions from regressions -- 10.5 Comparison of two regression lines -- 10.6 Equally spaced x-values -- 10.7 Use of residuals -- 10.8 Discussion of models -- 11 Multiple Regression -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Theory for two explanatory variables only -- 11.3 Analysis of Example 11.2 -- 11.4 Discussion -- 12 Analysis of Variance -- 12.1 The problem -- 12.2 Theory of one-way analysis of variance -- 12.3 Procedure for analysis -- 12.4 Two-way analysis of variance -- 12.5 Linear contrasts -- 12.6 Randomized blocks -- 12.7 Components of variance -- 12.8 Departures from assumptions -- Miscellaneous Exercises -- Appendix One Notes on calculation and computing 307 -- Appendix Two Statistical tables -- Appendix Three Hints to the solution of selected exercises -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 36
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    ISBN: 9789400958913
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Quantitative Approaches in Bryophyte Ecology2 Life-forms of Bryophytes -- 3 Tropical Forest Bryophytes -- 4 Desert Bryophytes -- 5 Bryophyte Vegetation in Polar Regions -- 6 Alpine Communities -- 7 Epiphytes and Epiliths -- 8 The Ecology of Sphagnum -- 9 Bryophytes and Invertebrates -- 10 Physiological Ecology: Water Relations, Light and Temperature Responses, Carbon Balance -- 11 Mineral Nutrition -- 12 Responses of Bryophytes to Air Pollution -- 13 Quaternary Bryophyte Palaeo-ecology -- Author Index.
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  • 37
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    ISBN: 9789400958869
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Multiple Forms of Enzymes and the Emergence of the Isoenzyme Concept -- 2. Origins and Structures of Multiple Forms of Enzymes -- Origins of isoenzymes -- Structural differences between isoenzymes and their investigation -- Non-isoenzymic multiple forms of enzymes -- 3. Differences in Properties between Multiple Forms of Enzymes -- Catalytic differences between multiple forms of enzymes -- Physicochemical differences between multiple forms of enzymes -- Immunochemical differences between multiple forms of enzymes -- Properties of multiple forms of enzymes: general considerations -- 4. Distribution and Biological Functions of Multiple Forms of Enzymes -- Distribution of enzymes determined by multiple gene loci -- Physiological function of multiple forms of enzymes -- 5. Multiple Forms of Enzymes in Phylogeny and Genetics -- Gene duplication and the evolution of multiple loci -- Genetics of isoenzymes -- 6. Multiple Forms of Enzymes in Ontogeny -- Changes during normal development -- Changes associated with abnormal development -- 7. Multiple Forms of Enzymes in Diagnostic Enzymology -- Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes -- Creatine kinase isoenzymes -- Multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase -- Acid phosphatase isoenzymes -- Other isoenzymes -- References.
    Kurzfassung: The increased interest in multiple forms of enzymes that began with the application of new methods of fractionation to preparations of enzymes and other proteins some 25 years ago led quickly to an appreciation that the existence of enzymes in multiple forms, or isoenzymes, is a general phenomenon. The results of pioneering studies and those which followed in the early years of isoenzyme research consisted, not surprisingly, mainly of descriptions of the existence and characteristics of hetero­ geneity in various enzyme systems. Summaries of these results were provided in books such as J . H. Wilkinson's I soenzymes, the first edition of which appeared in 1965. Some clearer ideas of the nature of the phenomena had become apparent by the time that the second edition of Isoenzymes was called for in 1970, and a limited use of the word isoenzymes itself, to describe only certain of the various categories of enzyme multiplicity then recognized, was already being proposed. Nevertheless, a largely enzyme-by-enzyme oTganization of the contents of the book was still appropriate. Considerable advances, both experimental and conceptual, were made in isoenzyme research in the 1970s, and in 1977 Professor Wilkinson suggested to the present author that these should be taken into account in a joint revision of Isoenzymes. Professor Wilkinson's untimely death put. an end to this project and the present book is therefore the work of a single author.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Multiple Forms of Enzymes and the Emergence of the Isoenzyme Concept2. Origins and Structures of Multiple Forms of Enzymes -- Origins of isoenzymes -- Structural differences between isoenzymes and their investigation -- Non-isoenzymic multiple forms of enzymes -- 3. Differences in Properties between Multiple Forms of Enzymes -- Catalytic differences between multiple forms of enzymes -- Physicochemical differences between multiple forms of enzymes -- Immunochemical differences between multiple forms of enzymes -- Properties of multiple forms of enzymes: general considerations -- 4. Distribution and Biological Functions of Multiple Forms of Enzymes -- Distribution of enzymes determined by multiple gene loci -- Physiological function of multiple forms of enzymes -- 5. Multiple Forms of Enzymes in Phylogeny and Genetics -- Gene duplication and the evolution of multiple loci -- Genetics of isoenzymes -- 6. Multiple Forms of Enzymes in Ontogeny -- Changes during normal development -- Changes associated with abnormal development -- 7. Multiple Forms of Enzymes in Diagnostic Enzymology -- Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes -- Creatine kinase isoenzymes -- Multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase -- Acid phosphatase isoenzymes -- Other isoenzymes -- References.
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  • 38
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    ISBN: 9789400959330
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Measurement1.1 Measurement scales -- 1.2 Physical quantities -- 1.3 Accuracy and errors -- 1.4 Sampling -- 1.5 Further reading -- 2 Mathematics -- 2.1 Basic algebra -- 2.2 Vectors -- 2.3 Functions and graphs -- 2.4 Rate of change, gradients and limits -- 2.5 Differentiation -- 2.6 Maxima and minima: optimization -- 2.7 Partial differentiation -- 2.8 Anti-derivatives and integration -- 2.9 Equations of motion -- 2.10 Differential equations -- 2.11 Further examples of integration in mechanics -- 2.12 Further reading -- 3 Statistics -- 3.1 Describing data -- 3.2 Probability and the normal distribution -- 3.3 Hypothesis testing -- 3.4 Testing differences between means -- 3.5 The analysis of variance -- 3.6 The chi-square test -- 3.7 Correlation -- 3.8 Regression -- 3.9 Non-linear relationships -- 3.10 Multiple regression and correlation -- 3.11 Further statistics -- 3.12 Further reading -- 4 Computing -- 4.1 What are computers? -- 4.2 Using the computer -- 4.3 Data analysis using computers -- 4.4 Non-package computing -- 4.5 Glossary of computer terminology -- 4.6 Further reading -- 5 Laboratory techniques -- 5.1 Tools of the trade -- 5.2 Standard chemical techniques -- 5.3 Laboratory analysis of soils and sediments -- 5.4 Further reading -- 6 Microscopy -- 6.1 Components and operation of microscopes -- 6.2 Biological microscopy -- 6.3 Minerals in polarized light: the petrological microscope -- 6.4 The identification of minerals in thin section -- 6.5 Identification of detrital grains -- 6.6 Further reading -- 7 Remote sensing -- 7.1 Why remote sensing? -- 7.2 The electromagnetic spectrum -- 7.3 Remote sensing techniques -- 7.4 Viewing aerial photographs -- 7.5 Interpretation of aerial photographs -- 7.6 Further reading -- 8 Maps -- 8.1 World maps -- 8.2 Local maps -- 8.3 Map conventions -- 8.4 Measurements from maps -- 8.5 Geological maps -- 8.6 Weather maps -- 8.7 Further reading -- 9 Surveying -- 9.1 Instruments -- 9.2 Location of a point-resection -- 9.3 Location of points-traverses -- 9.4 Height measurement -- 9.5 Construction of a map -- 9.6 Organization and planning of a survey -- 9.7 Further reading -- 10 Social surveys -- 10.1 Types of social survey -- 10.2 Planning the survey -- 10.3 Questionnaire design -- 10.4 The selection of respondents -- 10.5 Carrying out the survey -- 10.6 After the survey -- 10.7 Further reading -- 11 Project evaluation -- 11.1 Cost benefit analysis -- 11.2 An example of cost benefit analysis -- 11.3 Environmental impact assessment -- 11.4 Impact assessment techniques -- 11.5 Further reading.
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  • 39
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    ISBN: 9789401180702
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 3. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) -- 4. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) -- 5. Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) -- 6. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud) -- 7. Jute (Corchorus capsularis L. and Corchorus olitorius L.) -- 8. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) -- 9. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) -- 10. Sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine) -- 11. Abaca (Manila hemp) (Musa textilis Née) -- 12. Summary -- References.
    Kurzfassung: It is often possible to identify fragments of plants by studying their microscopical characteristics. The recognition of a single feature very rarely establishes the plant's identity; more often, it is necessary to recognize a unique combination of characteris­ tics. For plant identification, the most valuable characteristics are those least likely to be affected by changes in environment; if the feature is uncommon as well as stable, it is even more useful. Good descriptions of the anatomy of plants are invaluable. For example, The Identifi­ cation of Hardwoods (Brazier and Franklin, 1961), together with its punched card key, is an excellent book which is useful in practice. Characters describing the sc1erenchyma account for only three places in this key. Using only these characters, it would be impossible to identify a timber. Is it possible then, to identify a species given only sc1erenchyma in the form of a commercial fibre? If it is possible, it is not easy. Although, for many purposes, plant fibres are being replaced by man-made fibres, vegetable fibres are still used, particularly in sacking and cordage and in some indus­ trial materials. Articles which must be examined in a forensic science laboratory are not always of recent manufacture and archaeologists and historians are interested in older materials. Therefore, it is still necessary for many workers to identify the plant species from which fibres have been extracted.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Introduction2. Materials and methods -- 3. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) -- 4. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) -- 5. Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) -- 6. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud) -- 7. Jute (Corchorus capsularis L. and Corchorus olitorius L.) -- 8. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) -- 9. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) -- 10. Sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine) -- 11. Abaca (Manila hemp) (Musa textilis Née) -- 12. Summary -- References.
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  • 40
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    ISBN: 9789401160032
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: I The Physicochemical Processes of Pedogenesis -- and definitions -- 1 Weathering and clay formation -- 2 The dynamics of organic matter -- 3 The movement of material within soils -- 4 General principles of the origin and development of soils -- II Pedogenesis: The Basis of Soil Classification -- 5 Soil classification -- 6 Immature soils and soils with little profile differentiation -- 7 Calcimagnesian soils -- 8 Soils with matured humus: isohumic soils and vertisols -- 9 Brunified soils -- 10 Podzolised soils -- 11 Hydromorphic soils -- 12 Sesquioxide-rich soils -- 13 Salsodic soils.
    Kurzfassung: This book is the first of two volumes intended to replace the old and now out of print Precis de pedologie, the previous three editions of which were pro­ duced by the same publisher in 1960, 1965 and 1970. It was apparent that the term 'precis', which means that the text was neces­ sarily condensed and summarised, no longer corresponded with the present day situation, for pedology has developed considerably in the past 10 years and it now makes use of the most modern and varied research techniques. It has become an entirely separate discipline and has assumed, at least in certain countries, considerable importance. In addition, different schools of thought have developed and their sometimes contradictory viewpoints are presented at many international conferences, which, if valid conclusions are to be reached from them, required considerable space for discussion. Thus, even by being very concise it was no longer possible to deal with the whole of soil science within the space of one volume, so that a two volume format became a necessity. As soil science is known to have two fundamentally distinct aspects, it has been easy to determine the contents of each volume and also to give each an identity and unity, as well as enabling a different kind of presentation to be made in each case.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I The Physicochemical Processes of Pedogenesisand definitions -- 1 Weathering and clay formation -- 2 The dynamics of organic matter -- 3 The movement of material within soils -- 4 General principles of the origin and development of soils -- II Pedogenesis: The Basis of Soil Classification -- 5 Soil classification -- 6 Immature soils and soils with little profile differentiation -- 7 Calcimagnesian soils -- 8 Soils with matured humus: isohumic soils and vertisols -- 9 Brunified soils -- 10 Podzolised soils -- 11 Hydromorphic soils -- 12 Sesquioxide-rich soils -- 13 Salsodic soils.
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  • 41
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    ISBN: 9789400975880
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (239p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 103
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 103
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy, modern ; History
    Kurzfassung: I. The Intellectual Backcloth -- 1. The Enlightenment: a Situation -- 2. Human Nature in Context: Herder’s Contribution -- 3. The Kantian Revolution -- II. Human Nature and Society in Hume -- 4. The Constitution of Human Nature -- 5. Social Cohesiveness -- 6. Social Diversity -- 7. Habit Human Nature and Society -- III. Human Nature and Society in Hegel -- 8. The Characterisation of Human Nature -- 9. Man in Völker and States -- 10. Social Diversity and the Meaning of History -- 11. Self and Society.
    Kurzfassung: This is both a modest and a presumptuous work. It is presumptuous because, given the vast literature on just one of its themes, it attempts to discuss not only the philosophies of both Hume and Hegel but also something of their intellectual milieu. Moreover, though the study has a delimiting perspective in the relation­ ship between a theory of human nature and an account of the various aspects that make up social experience, this itself is so central and protean that it has necessitated a discussion of, amongst others, theories of history, language, aesthetics, law and politics. Yet it is a modest work in that, although I do think I have some fresh things to say, the study does not propose any revolutionary new reading of the material. I am not here interested in the relative validity of the theories put forward - I do not 'take sides'. Nevertheless it is part of the modest intent that recourse to Hume and Hegel in arguments pertaining to human nature will be better inform­ ed and more discriminating as a consequence of this study. Additionally, some distinctions herein made also shed light on some assumptions made in contem­ porary debates in the philosophy of social science, especially those concerning the understanding of alien belief-systems.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789400977204
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (498p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 12
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Phenomenology ; Language and languages—Style. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Introductory Essay: Poeticanova -- Introductory Essay: Poeticanova -- I Pessimism and Optimism in the Human Condition: The Limit Situations of Existence -- The Present Tide of Pessimism in Philosophy and Letters: Agonistic literature and Cervantes’ Message -- Is the Battle with Alienation the Raison d’Être of Twentieth-Century Protagonists? -- Nihilism, Reason, and Death: Reflections on John Barth’s Floating Opera -- Beckett, Philosophy, and the Self -- Protagonist, Reader, and the Author’s Commitment -- II The Human Spirit On The Rebound -- Nature and Personal Destiny: A Turning Point in the Enterprise of Human Self-Responsibility -- Amor Fati and the Will to Power in Nietzsche -- Jorge Luis Borges—Lover of Labyrinths: A Heideggerian Critique -- Laughter in the Cathedral: Religious Affirmation and Ridicule in the Writings of D. H. Lawrence -- The Enigmatic Child in Literature -- III The Gift of Nature: Man and the Literary Work of Art -- Homecoming in Heidegger and Hebel -- Pastoral Paradoxes -- Reality and Truth in La Comédie Humaine -- Man and Nature: Does the Husserlian Analysis of Pre-Predicative Experience Shed light on the Emergence of Nature in the Work of Art? -- The Language of The Gay Science -- Santayana on Beauty -- IV Genesis of the Aesthetic Reality: Ways and Means -- Heroism and Creativity in Literature: Some Ethical and Aesthetic Aspects -- Permutation and Meaning: A Heideggerian Troisième Voie -- Criticism of Robert Magliola’s Paper -- Mythos and Logos in Plato’s Phaedo -- Sartre’s Conception of the Reader-Writer Relationship -- “Souvenir” and “Imagination” in the Works of Rousseau and Nerval -- Intuitions -- Eidetic Conception and the Analysis of Meaning in Literature -- Annex: Programs of the Conferences from Which the Papers Were Selected -- Index of Names.
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  • 43
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    ISBN: 9789400978225
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (189p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Annual Bibliography of Indian Archaeology 22
    Serie: Annual Bibliography of Indian Archaelogy 22
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Regional planning ; Archaeology ; Culture. ; Ethnology.
    Kurzfassung: I. General -- A. Bibliographies -- B. Collections of Various Articles, Commemoration Volumes, Congress Papers, etc. -- C. Museum Collections, Museology -- D. Applied Sciences, Restoration Techniques, Dating Methods, Material Analysis -- II. India and the Regions within its Cultural Influence -- A. General -- B. Relations with the West, Pacific and Far East -- III. The Indian Subcontinent -- A. General -- B. Archaeology -- C. Historical Studies -- D. Arts -- IV. Regions in the Sphere of Indian Cultural Influence -- A. General -- B. Ceylon -- C. South-East Asia -- D. Central Asia, Afghanistan, Nepal, Tibet -- V. Commemorative and Obituary Notices.
    Kurzfassung: When in 1925 the initiative was taken by the Kern Institute Leiden to start the publica­ tion of an Annual Bibliography of Indian Archaeology, the Board of the Institute could do so with confidence, as it was sure of the assistance of scholars all over the world as to the supply of publications as well as of information. With the help of this material a bibliography could be compiled by a small team of highly skilled archaeologists who could devote part of their time and attention to such a task for the benefit of their colleagues in all parts of the world. Times since then have changed, and circumstances have become less and less favourable. To find classified labour for the compilation and editing of such a bibliography has become extremely difficult, and this the more so as this work cannot be paid in accordance with the standards for this branch of classified documentation. The work has to be done as a part of the daily routine work even a scholar in today's time is expected to perform, and which he cannot but consider as being detrimental to the performing of those parts of his work, that demand the use of those qualifications that actually make him the expert.
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  • 44
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    ISBN: 9789400975170
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (728p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Stichting Foundation Rembrandt Research Project 1
    Serie: Rembrandt Research Project Foundation 1
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Arts.
    Kurzfassung: Since the second half of the last century art historians, realizing that the image of Rembrandt’s work had become blurred with time, have attempted to redefine the artist’s significance both as a source of inspiration to other artists and as a great artist in his own right. In order to carry on the work started by previous generations, a group of leading Dutch art historians from the university and museum world joined forces in the late 1960s in order to study afresh the paintings usually ascribed to the artist. The researchers came together in the Rembrandt Research Project which was established to provide the art world with a new standard reference work which would serve the community of art historians for the nearby and long future. They examined the originals of all works attributed to Rembrandt taking full advantage of today’s sophisticated techniques including radiography, neutron activation autoradiography, dendrochronology and paint sample analysis - thereby gaining valuable insight into the genesis and condition of the paintings. The result of this meticulous research is laid down chronologically in the following Volumes: THIS VOLUME: A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume I, which deals with works from Rembrandt’s early years in Leiden(1629-1631), published in 1982. A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume II, covering his first years in Amsterdam (1631-1634), published in 1986. A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume III, goes into his later years of reputation (1635-1642), published in 1990. Each Volume consists of a number of Introductory Chapters as well as the full Catalogue of all paintings from the given time period attributed to Rembrandt. In this catalogue each painting is discussed and examined in a detailed way, comprising a descriptive, an interpretative and a documentary section. For the authenticity evaluation of the paintings three different categories are used to divide the works in: A. Paintings by Rembrandt, B. Paintings of which Rembrandt’s authorship cannot be positively either accepted or rejected, and C. Paintings of which Rembrandt’s authorship cannot be accepted. This volume (Volume I) contains 730 pages, starting of with four introductory chapters and discussing 93 paintings. In clear and accessible explanatory text all different paintings are discussed, larded with immaculate images of each painting. Details are shown where possible, as well as the results of modern day technical imaging. In this volume the f ...
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  • 45
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    ISBN: 9789401725279
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 260 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 28
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library 28
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Approaches to the Bargaining Problem Before and After the Theory of Games: A Critical Discussion of Zeuthen’s, Hicks’, and Nash’s Theories -- 2. On the Rationality Postulates Underlying the Theory of Cooperative Games -- 3. A Simplified Bargaining Model for the n-Person Cooperative Game -- 4. Games with Randomly Disturbed Payoffs: A New Rationale for Mixed-Strategy Equilibrium Points -- 5. Oddness of the Number of Equilibrium Points: A New Proof -- 6. Games with Incomplete Information Played by “Bayesian” Players. Part I: The Basic Model -- 7. Games with Incomplete Information Played by “Bayesian” Players. Part II: Bayesian Equilibrium Points -- 8. Games with Incomplete Information Played by “Bayesian” Players. Part III: The Basic Probability Distribution of the Game -- 9. Uses of Bayesian Probability Models in Game Theory -- 10. An Equilibrium-Point Interpretation of Stable Sets and a Proposed Alternative Definition -- 11. A New General Solution Concept for Both Cooperative and Noncooperative Games -- 12. Rule Utilitarianism, Rights, Obligations and the Theory of Rational Behavior.
    Kurzfassung: This volume contains twelve of my game-theoretical papers, published in the period of 1956-80. It complements my Essays on Ethics, Social Behavior, and Scientific Explanation, Reidel, 1976, and my Rational Behavior and Bargaining Equilibrium in Games and Social Situations, Cambridge University Press, 1977. These twelve papers deal with a wide range of game-theoretical problems. But there is a common intellectual thread going though all of them: they are all parts of an attempt to generalize and combine various game-theoretical solution concepts into a unified solution theory yielding one-point solutions for both cooperative and noncooperative games, and covering even such 'non-classical' games as games with incomplete information. SECTION A The first three papers deal with bargaining models. The first one discusses Nash's two-person bargaining solution and shows its equivalence with Zeuthen's bargaining theory. The second considers the rationality postulates underlying the Nash-Zeuthen theory and defends it against Schelling's objections. The third extends the Shapley value to games without transferable utility and proposes a solution concept that is at the same time a generaliza­ tion of the Shapley value and of the Nash bargaining solution.
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  • 46
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    ISBN: 9789401733298
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 178 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 31
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library 31
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Linear Utility on Mixture Sets -- 3 Expected Utility for Probability Measures -- 4 Lexicographic Quasilinear Utility -- 5 Linear Utility for Partially Ordered Preferences -- 6 Linear Utilities on Product Sets -- 7 Multilinear Utility on Products of Mixture Sets -- 8 Multilinear Utility for Probability Measures -- 9 Subjective Linear Utility on Products Of Mixture Sets -- 10 Subjective Expected Utility for Arbitrary State Sets -- 11 Subjective Linear Utility for Partially Ordered Preferences -- 12 Subjective Linear Utility with Conditional Preference Comparisons -- References.
    Kurzfassung: This book offers a unified treatment of my research in the foundations of expected utility theory from around 1965 to 1980. While parts are new, the presentation draws heavily on published articles and a few chapters in my 1970 monograph on utility theory. The diverse notations and styles of the sources have of course been reconciled here, and their topics arranged in a logical sequence. The two parts of the book take their respective cues from the von Neumann-Morgenstern axiomatization of preferences between risky options and from Savage's foundational treatment of decision making under uncertainty. Both parts are studies in the axiomatics of preferences for decision situations and in numerical representations for preferences. Proofs of the representation and uniqueness theorems appear at the ends of the chapters so as not to impede the flow of the discussion. A few warnings on notation are in order. The numbers for theorems cited within a chapter have no prefix if they appear in that chapter, but otherwise carry a chapter prefix (Theorem 3.2 is Theorem 2 in Chapter 3). All lower case Greek letters refer to numbers in the closed interval from o to 1. The same symbol in different chapters has essentially the same meaning with one major exception: x, y, ... mean quite different things in different chapters. I am indebted to many people for their help and encouragement.
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  • 47
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    ISBN: 9789400959255
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Population and Community Biology
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Food webs -- 1.1 What and why? -- 1.2 Where? -- 1.3 How? -- 2 Models and their local stability -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Models -- 2.3 Stability -- 2.4 Summary -- Appendix 2A: Taylor’s expansion -- Appendix 2B: An example of calculating eigenvalues -- Appendix 2C: Jacobian matrices -- 3 Stability: other definitions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Global stability -- 3.3 Species deletion stability -- 3.4 Stability in stochastic environments -- 3.5 Other stability criteria -- 3.6 Summary: models and their stabilities — Is there a best buy? -- 4 Food web complexity I: theoretical results -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Bounds on food web complexity: local stability -- 4.3 Complexity and stability under large perturbations -- 4.4 Summary of theoretical results -- 5 Food web complexity II: empirical results -- 5.1 Direct tests -- 5.2 Indirect tests -- 5.3 Summary -- 6 The length of food chains -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Hypothesis A: Energy flow -- 6.3 Hypothesis B: Size and other design constraints -- 6.4 Hypothesis C: Optimal foraging; why are food chains so long? -- 6.5 Hypothesis D: Dynamical constraints -- 6.6 Summary -- Appendix 6A: Drawing inferences about food web attributes -- 7 The patterns of omnivory -- 7.1 Models of omnivory -- 7.2 Testing the hypotheses -- 7.3 Summary -- 8 Compartments -- 8.1 Reasons for a compartmented design -- 8.2 Testing the hypotheses: habitats as compartments -- 8.3 Testing the hypotheses: compartments within habitats -- 8.4 Four comments -- 8.5 Summary -- 9 Descriptive statistics -- 9.1 Predator—prey ratios -- 9.2 The number of species of prey that a species exploits and the number of species of predator it suffers -- 9.3 Interval and non-interval food webs -- 9.4 Summary -- 10 Food web design: causes and consequences -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Causes -- 10.3 Consequences -- 10.4 Summary.
    Kurzfassung: Often the meanings of words are changed subtly for interesting reasons. The implication of the word 'community' has changed from including all the organisms in an area to only those species at a particular trophic level (and often a taxonomically restricted group), for example, 'bird-community'. If this observation is correct, its probable cause is the dramatic growth in our knowledge of the ecological patterns along trophic levels (I call these horizontal patterns) and the processes that generate them. This book deals with vertical patterns - those across trophic levels -and tries to compensate for their relative neglect. In cataloging a dozen vertical patterns I hope to convince the reader that species interactions across trophic levels are as patterned as those along trophic levels and demand explanations equally forcefully. But this is not the only objective. A limited number of processes shape the patterns of species interaction; to demonstrate their existence is an essential step in understanding why ecosystems are the way they are. To achieve these aims I must resort to both mathematical techniques to develop theories and statistical techniques to decide between rival hypotheses. The level of mathematics is likely to offend nearly everyone. Some will find any mathematics too much, while others will consider the material to be old, familiar ground and probably explained with a poor regard for rigour and generality.
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  • 48
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    ISBN: 9789400977150
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in the History of Modern Science 9
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: Some Issues of Newtonian Historiography -- The Principia, Universal Gravitation, and the “Newtonian Style”, in relation to the Newtonian Revolution in Science: Notes on the Occasion of the 250th Anniversary of Newton’s Death -- Newton the Mathematician -- Newton’s Theological Manuscripts -- Space, Infinity, and Indivisibility: Newton on the Creation of Matter -- Newton on Electricity and the Aether -- The System of Locke and Newton.
    Kurzfassung: them in his cheat-preface to Copernicus De Revolutionibus, but the main change in their import has been that whereas Osiander defended Copernicus, Mach and Duhem defended science. The modem conception of hypothetico­ deductive science is, again, geared to defend the respectability of science in much the same way: the physical interpretation, it says, is merely and always hypothetical, and so the scientist is never really committed to it. Hence, when science sheds the physical interpretation off its mathematical skeleton as time and refutation catch up with it, the scientist is not really caught in error, for he never was committed to this interpretation in the first place. This is the apologetic essence of present day, Popper-like, versions of the idea of science as a mathematical-core-cum-interpretational shell. This is also Cohen's view, for it aims to free Newton of any existential commitment to which his theory might allegedly commit him. It will be readily seen that Cohen regards this methodological distinction between mathematics and physics to be the backbone of the Newtonian revolution in science (which is, in its tum, the climax of the whole Scientific Revolution) for a very clear reason: it enables us to argue that Newton could use freely the new concept of centripetal force, even though he did not be­ lieve in physical action at a distance and could not conceive how such a force could act to produce its effects". ([3] pp.
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  • 49
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    ISBN: 9789400978317
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophy and Medicine 12
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Kurzfassung: Section I / Health Care Teams and the Physician-Patient Relationship -- An Historical View of Health Care Teams -- Once On Top, Now On Tap: American Physicians View Their Relationships With Patients, 1920–1970 -- Section II / Authority and Responsibility in the Practice of Medicine -- The Concept of Responsibility in Medicine -- Comments on “The Concept of Responsibility in Medicine” -- Authority and the Profession of Medicine -- Power, Authority, and Rights in the Practice of Medicine -- Medical Authority and Professional Medical Authority: The Nature of Authority in Medicine for Decisions by Lay Persons and Professionals -- Section III / Ethics of Consultation and Interprofessional Relationships -- Medical Consultations in the Context of the Physician-Patient Relationship -- Integrity in Interprofessional Relationships -- Consulting With Integrity: Some Reflections on Team Health Care and Professional Responsibility -- Logical Confusions and Moral Dilemmas in Health Care Teams and Team Talk -- Responsibility and Health Care Teams: A Health Professional’s Perspective -- Section IV / Legal and Political Responsibility in Health Care Matters -- Legal Responsibility in Health Care: Whose Fault is It Anyway? -- Reaching Closure on Health-Related Controversies -- Responsibility and Public Policy in Health Care: Commentary on Essays by Williams and Rich -- Notes on Contributors.
    Kurzfassung: Medicine is a complex social institution which includes biomedical research, clinical practice, and the administration and organization of health care delivery. As such, it is amenable to analysis from a number of disciplines and directions. The present volume is composed of revised papers on the theme of "Responsibility in Health Care" presented at the Eleventh Trans­ Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine, which was held in Springfield, illinois on March 16-18, 1981. The collective focus of these essays is the clinical practice of medicine and the themes and issues related to questions of responsibility in that setting. Responsibility has three related dimensions which make it a suitable theme for an inquiry into clinical medicine: (a) an external dimension in legal and political analysis in which the State imposes penalties on individuals and groups and in which officials and governments are held accountable for policies; (b) an internal dimension in moral and ethical analysis in which individuals take into account the consequences of their actions and the criteria which bear upon their choices; and (c) a comprehensive dimension in social and cultural analysis in which values are ordered in the structure of a civilization ([8], p. 5). The title "Responsibility in Health Care" thus signifies a broad inquiry not only into the ethics of individual character and actions, but the moral foundations of the cultural, legal, political, and social context of health care generally.
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  • 50
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    ISBN: 9789400977525
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in the History of Modern Science 10
    DDC: 520
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; History
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  • 51
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    ISBN: 9789401576642
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 159 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 8
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Philosophy as a Systematic Ideal -- II. The Transcendental Imagination -- III. The I as Intersubjective -- IV. The Intellectual Intuition -- Intersubjectivity and Reflection -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: This work resulted from my interests in several flDldam ental issues of contemporary phenomenology. Originally, their focal point was 1) the role and importance of the subject in philosophical activity and 2) the subject's finitude. To gain a perspective on these issues, a possible approach seemed to lie in the direction of the transcendental imagination and its relation to tim e. This focus on the imagination, of course, led to Fichte's egological philosophy that explicitly centers on the imagination. Here both issues are raised together. The reader of the Fichtean texts cannot for long hesitate to pose the question of intersubjectivity. These three issues-imagination, reflection, and inter­ subjectivity-formed the basis of the present work. Since such a work could never be completed if it were not for those num erot5 discussions and friendly conversation with friends and colleagues with whom philosophy is always alive, I wish to acknowledge my gratitude specifically to the following people: Professor Andre Schuwer, of Duquesne University, for his encouragement, critical reading of the work, and his comments that have greatly aided me in the writing of the present work; Professor John Sallis, Chairman of the Philosophy Department of Duquesne University, whose interest in Fichte provided invaluable insights and approaches to the issues; Professor Paul Ricoeur, University of Paris and University of Chicago, whose reading and encouragement greatly helped in the work's publication; Professor Samuel Ijsseling, University of Leuven, who introduced me to Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; Professor G. A.
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  • 52
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    ISBN: 9789400976214
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 11
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind
    Kurzfassung: I Naturalizing Apperception -- II Concepts and Reality -- III Ideals and Interests -- IV Passivity and Activity in the Philosophical Anthropology of Karl Marx -- Selected Bibliography of Works on Kant, Hegel and Marx -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: In its attempt to come to grips with the nature of the human mind idealism employs such terms as "pure self," "transcendental apperception," "pure con­ sciousness" and so on. What do these terms mean? What do they refer to? Pro­ visionally, at least, the following answer could be satisfying: such and similar expressions are purported to capture a very special quality of human mind, a quality due to which man is not simply a part of nature, but a being capable of knowing and acting according to principles governing the spiritual realm. In the first chapter of the present study the author attempts to bring the idea of "pure Ego" down to earth. By analyzing Kant's concept of pure appercep­ tion - the ancestor of all similar notions in the history of modern and contem­ porary idealism - the author concludes that certain functions and capacities attributed to pure apperception by Kant himself imply the rejection of the idealistic framework and the necessity to "naturalize" the idea of pure self. In other words - and Kant's claims to the contrary notwithstanding - pure ap­ perception cannot be conceived as superimposed upon man viewed as a part of nature, as a feeling and a sensing being. The referent, as it were, of the expres­ sion "pure self' turns out to be something much more familiar to us - a human organism, with all its needs, drives and dispositions.
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  • 53
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    ISBN: 9789400959514
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (77 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Outline Studies in Ecology
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Science.
    Kurzfassung: Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The evolutionary context and its implications -- 2 Plants as food for insects -- 2.1 Variation in the nutritive value of plant tissue -- 2.2 Barriers to the use of plant tissues -- 2.3 Trace compound barriers -- 2.4 Dosage-dependent chemical barriers -- 2.5 Changes in plant tissue resulting from herbivory -- 2.6 Strategies of insect herbivory and plant response -- 3 Insect adaptations to herbivory -- 3.1 Finding the food: host-plant location and recognition -- 3.2 Finding the food: synchronization with the host-plant -- 3.3 Insect feeding mechanisms -- 3.4 Food utilization and conversion efficiencies -- 4 Insect herbivory and non-woody plants -- 4.1 Herbivory and the individual plant -- 4.2 Herbivory and the plant population -- 4.3 Quantitative relationships -- 5 Insect herbivory and woody plants -- 5.1 The distribution and intensity of insect herbivory -- 5.2 The consequences of herbivory for the woody plant -- 5.3 Other effects of insect herbivory -- 5.4 Insect herbivores and tree rings -- 6 Insect herbivory and the plant community -- 6.1 Plant community composition and insect abundance -- 6.2 Effects of insect herbivory on plant communities -- 7 Insect herbivory in ecosystems -- 7.1 The scale of insect herbivory -- 7.2 The role of insect herbivores in the ecosystem -- 7.3 Insect herbivory and agricultural ecosystems -- References.
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  • 54
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    ISBN: 9789401539487
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (384p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Contemporary philosophy / La philosophie contemporaine, A new survey / Chroniques nouvelles 3
    Serie: Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey 3
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self.
    Kurzfassung: / Table des matières -- Explanation of action -- Philosophy of action: Davidson, von Wright, and the debate over causation -- Ability, possibility and responsibility -- The problem about the nature of law -- Norms, normative propositions, and legal statements -- On the justification of rights -- Kant’s practical philosophy -- Sozialphilosophie im Spannungsfeld von Phänomenologie und Marxismus -- On Marxist social philosophy -- Science et éthique -- Abbreviations used by some contributors -- Index of names -- Index of subjects.
    Kurzfassung: This publication is a continuation of two earlier series of chroni­ cles, Philosophy in the Mid-Century (Firenze 1958/59) and Con­ temporary Philosophy (Firenze 1968), edited by Raymond Kli­ bansky. Like the other series, these chronicles provide a survey of important trends in contemporary philosophical discussion from 1966 to 1978. The need for such surveys has, I believe, increased rather than decreased over the last years. The philosophical scene appears, for various reasons, more complex than ever before. The continuing process of specialization in most branches, the emergence of new schools of thought, particularly in philosophical logic and the philosophy of language, the convergence of interest (though not necessarily of opinion) of different traditions upon certain prob­ lems, and the increasing attention being paid to the history of philosophy in discussions of contemporary problems are the most important contributory factors. Surveys of the present kind are a valuable source of knowledge of this complexity and may as such be an assistance in renewing the understanding of one's own philosophical problems. The surveys, it is to be hoped, may also help to strengthen the Socratic element of modern philosophy, the dialogue or Kommunikationsgemeinschajt. So far, four volumes have been prepared for the new series. The present chronicles in Philosophy of Action (Vol. 3) follow upon chronicles in the Philosophy of Language and Philosophical Logic (V 01. 1) and chronicles in the Philosophy of Science (Vol.
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    ISBN: 9789400977587
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (660p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 70
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 70
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Neurosciences ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. How Does a Brain Build a Cognitive Code? -- 2. Some Physiological and Biochemical Consequences of Psychological Postulates -- 3. Classical and Instrumental Learning by Neural Networks -- 4. Pattern Learning by Functional-Differential Neural Networks with Arbitrary Path Weights -- 5. A Neural Theory of Punishment and Avoidance. II: Quantitative Theory -- 6. A Neural Model of Attention, Reinforcement and Discrimination Learning -- 7. Neural Expectation: Cerebellar and Retinal Analogs of Cells Fired by Learnable or Unlearned Pattern Classes -- 8. Contour Enhancement, Short Term Memory, and Constancies in Reverberating Neural Networks -- 9. Biological Competition: Decision Rules, Pattern Formation, and Oscillations -- 10. Competition, Decision, and Consensus -- 11. Behavioral Contrast in Short Term Memory: Serial Binary Memory Models or Parallel Continuous Memory Models? -- 12. Adaptive Pattern Classification and Universal Recoding. I: Parallel Development and Coding of Neural Feature Detectors -- 13. A Theory of Human Memory: Self-Organization and Performance of Sensory-Motor Codes, Maps, and Plans -- List of Publications.
    Kurzfassung: the mass of experimental data from current research in psychology and physiology, Grossberg proposes and develops a non-linear mathematics as a model for specific functions of mind and brain. He finds the classic approach to the mathematical modelling of mind and brain systematically inadequate. This inadequacy, he holds, arises from the attempt to describe adaptive systems in the mathematical language of 9 physics developed to describe "stationary", i. e. non-adaptive and non-evolving systems. In place of this linear mathematics, Grossberg develops his non-linear approach. His method is at once imaginative, rigorous, and philosophically significant: it is the thought experiment. It is here that the richness of his interdisciplinary mastery, and the power of his methods, constructions and proofs, reveal themselves. The method is what C. S. Peirce characterized as the method of abduction, or of hypothetical inference in theory construction: given the output of the system as a psychological phenomenon (e. g.
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  • 56
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    ISBN: 9789400979475
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 163
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Geometry ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Is the Geometry of Physical Space a Form of Pure Sensible Intuition? A Technical Reconstruction? Or a Structure of Reality? -- Relations between the Galilei-Invariant and the Lorentzinvariant Theories of Collisions -- Geometrie und Physik -- Kinematics as a Theory or Coincidences -- A Constructive-Axiomatic Approach to Physical Space and Spacetime Geometries of Constant Curvature by the Principle of Reproducibility -- Invariance and Covariance -- The Origin and Role of Invariance in Classical Kinematics -- The Significance of Physical Invariance Principles for the Measurement of Space-Time Quantities -- Outline of a Theory of System-Times -- Newton ab omni naevo vindicatus.
    Kurzfassung: In connection with the "Philosophy of Science" research program conducted by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft a colloquium was held in Munich from 18th to 20th May 1919. This covered basic structures of physical theories, the main emphasis being on the interrelation of space, time and mechanics. The present volume contains contributions and the results of the discussions. The papers are given here in the same order of presentation as at the meeting. The development of these "basic structures of physical theories" involved diverging trends arising from different starting points in philosophy and physics. In order to obtain a clear comparison between these schools of thought, it was appropriate to concentrate discussion on geometry and chronology as the common foundation of classical and quantum mechanics. As a rather simple and "Tell prepared field of study, geochronometry seemed suited to analysing these mutually exclusive positions. vii D. Mayr and G. Sussmann (eds.), Space, Time, and Mechanics, vii. Copyright © 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The editors gratefully appreciate the sponsorship of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the cooperation of the authors and publisher. It is also a pleasure to thank Frau M.-L. Grohmann and Frau I. Thies for their organisational and especially Frau B. Grund for typing and clerical work. D. MAYR G. SUSSMANN 1982 University of Munich viii INTRODUCTION The distinct positions present at the symposium may be roughly divided into three schools that differ in their philosophical interpretation of physics and their meta- .. . ~ .
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  • 57
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    ISBN: 9789401178952
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 283 p) , digital
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    Serie: Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 59
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Religion. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Kurzfassung: I: The Political Struggle (1945–1955) -- II: The Islamic Community Amid Increasing Tensions (1955–1965). -- III: ISLAM AND THE “NEW ORDER” (1965 and after) -- IV: A Preliminary Stocktaking -- Appendices -- List of Abbreviations and Their Meaning -- List of Publications Referred to -- Addenda -- List of Lines Added or Replaced.
    Kurzfassung: With deep interest I have followed the Indonesian people's fight for freedom and independence from 1945 onwards. This interest has come to be centred in particular on the question of how religions, especially Islam, were involved in this struggle, and what role they would fulfil in the new Indonesia. After having lived and worked in Indonesia from 1946 to the end of 1959, I was twice more enabled to yisit I ndonesia thanks to grants from the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (WOTRO). It was during these sojourns in particular, from May to October 1966 and from February to July 1969, that the material for this study was collected, supplemented and checked. For the help I received during these visits I am greatly indebted to so many Indonesian informants that it is impossible to mention them all. Moreover, some of them would not appreciate being singled out by name. But while offering them these general thanks I am thinking of them all individually. In spite of all the help given and patience shown me, this publication is bound to be full of shortcomings. An older Muslim friend, however, once encouraged me by reminding me that perfection belongs only to God (al-kamal li'llah). Nevertheless, I should like to offer my apologies for errors and mistakes; I would appreciate it if readers drew my attention to them.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789401576680
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268 p) , digital
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    Serie: Synthese Language Library, Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 16
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 16
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Anthropological linguistics
    Kurzfassung: Formal Semantics and the Psychology of Meaning -- The Autonomy of Semantics -- Belief-Sentences and the Limits of Semantics -- Computational Models of Belief and the Semantics of Belief Sentences -- The Mental Representation of Quantifiers -- Questions and Answers in Montague Grammar -- Linearization in Describing Spatial Networks -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: SECTION I In 1972, Donald Davison and Gilbert Hannan wrote in the introduction to the volume Semantics of Natural Language: "The success of linguistics in treating natural languages as formal ~yntactic systems has aroused the interest of a number of linguists in a parallel or related development of semantics. For the most part quite independently, many philosophers and logicians have recently been applying formal semantic methods to structures increasingly like natural languages. While differences in training, method and vocabulary tend to veil the fact, philosophers and linguists are converging, it seems, on a common set of interrelated problems. " Davidson and Harman called for an interdisciplinary dialogue of linguists, philosophers and logicians on the semantics of natural language, and during the last ten years such an enterprise has proved extremely fruitful. Thanks to the cooperative effort in these several fields, the last decade has brought about striking progress in our understanding of the semantics of natural language. This work on semantics has typically paid little attention to psychological aspects of meaning. Thus, psychologists or computer scientists working on artificial intelligence were not invited to join the forces in the influential introduction of Semantics of Natural Language. No doubt it was felt that while psychological aspects of language are important in their own right, they are not relevant to our immediate semantic concerns. In the last few years, several linguists and logicians have come to question the fundamental anti-psychological assumptions underlying their theorizing.
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  • 59
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    ISBN: 9789400977051
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 68
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 68
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: I. General Methodological Problems -- Reflections on Science and Rationality -- The Epistemological and Methodological Sense of the Concept of Rationality -- On Two Kinds of Conventionalism with Respect to Empirical Sciences -- Realism and Instrumentalism: On A Priori Conditions of Science -- Once More about Empirical Support -- The Context of Discovery and the Context of Justification: A Reappraisal -- Continuity and Anticumulative Changes in the Growth of Science -- Some Remarks in Defense of the Incommensurability Thesis -- Marxism and the Controversy over the Development of Science -- Are there Definitively Falsifying Procedures in Science? -- The Pluralistic Approach to Empirical Testing and the Special Forms of Experiment -- Dialectical Correspondence and Essential Truth -- Testing Idealizational Laws -- Practical Idealization -- II. Formal Analysis -- An Interpretation of a Concept in Science by a Set of Operational Procedures -- A Formal Definition of the Concept of Simplicity -- Characteristics of Additive Quantities -- III. Ontological Problems -- On the Concept of Matter -- Time Separation -- Four Conceptions of Causation -- IV. Philosophy of Mathematics and Information Theory -- On the Philosophy of Mathematics -- Information, Regulation, Negentropy -- Information and Signal -- V. Philosophy of Physics -- Principles of Physics as Meta-laws -- Structural Laws in Physics -- Controversial Problems of the Probabilistic Interpretation of Quantum Phenomena -- Quantum Mechanics and the Structure of Physical Theories -- Difficulties with the Reduction of Classical to Relativistic Mechanics -- VI. Philosophy of Biology and Linguistics -- Genetic and Historical Explanation in Biology -- The Idealizational Status of Theoretical Biology -- Chomsky’s Inconsistencies in his Critique of Evolutionary Conceptions of Language -- VII. Other Papers -- The Problem of the Chemical Organization of Matter in the Light of a Closed Development Model -- An Outline of a Simulation Model of Science as a Part of the Model of Action -- The Notion of Technological Research and its Place among other Informational Activities -- Difficulties with Absolutism: The Case of Von Weizsäcker’s Philosophy -- Bibliographies -- Abbreviations used in the Bibliographies -- Bibliography of Polish Philosophy of Natural Science -- Bibliography of Non-Polish Authors Cited -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 60
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    ISBN: 9789400978287
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
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    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 72
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 72
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- 2. Measurement -- 2.1. The Explication of the Concept of Measurement -- 2.2. The Definition of the Concept of Measurement -- 2.3. The Subject Matter, Function and Scope of Measurement -- 3. Magnitudes -- 3.1. Quantities, Magnitudes, Numbers: A Historical Excursion -- 3.2. Quantities and Magnitudes -- 3.3. The Object of Measurement -- 3.4. Measurement Units, Naming and Dimension -- 3.5. The Classification of Magnitudes -- 4. Scales -- 4.1. The Concept of a Scale -- 4.2. The Origin of a Scale -- 4.3. Distance -- 5. Quantification -- 5.1. Scaling -- 5.2. Counting -- 6. Theory of Measurement -- 6.1. Representation Theories of Measurement -- 6.2. Kinds of Measurement -- 6.3. Metrization -- 6.4. The Representation Theorem -- 7. Theory of Scales -- 7.1. The Classification of Scale Types -- 7.2. Scale Transformations and the Uniqueness Theorem -- 8. Methodological Problems of Measurement -- 8.1. Axiomatization of the Systems of Measurement -- 8.2. Empirical Relations and Operations -- 8.3. The Precision of Measurement -- 8.4. Meaningfulness, Validity and Reliability -- 9. Philosophical Problems of Measurement -- 9.1. Materialist Foundations of Measurement -- 9.2. The Possibilities and Limits of Measurement -- Notes -- Index of Personal Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: For many years, Karel Berka has worked at some of the central problems of the theory of the sciences. At once a logician, a mathematician, a careful student of the physical sciences and the social sciences, and a sharp but sympathetic critic of the major philosophies of science in this century, Berka brings to this treatise on measurement both his technical mastery and his historical sensitivity. We appreciate his careful analysis of his predecessors, notably Helmholtz, Campbell, Holder, Bridgman, Camap, Hempel, and Stevens, and of his contemporaries such as Brian Ellis and also Patrick Suppes and J. L. Zinnes. The issues to be clarified are familiar but still troubling: how to justify the conceptual transition from classification to a metric; how to explore ways to provide a quantitative understanding of a qualitative concept; indeed how to understand, and thereby control, the Galilean enthusiasm "to measure what is measurable and to try to render measurable what is not so as yet".
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  • 61
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    ISBN: 9789401090513
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
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    Serie: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 26
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library 26
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Kurzfassung: I. Moral Cognition -- II. Ethical Systems and Boolean Algebra -- III. Boolean Algebra, Exponent, Logarithm -- IV. Individuals, Reflection, and Interaction -- V. Automata with Semantics and Ethical Status -- VI. A Formal Representation of Doubts and Feelings -- VII. A Formal Comparison of Ethical Systems: Feeling Guilty, Condemnation, Doubt -- VIII. A Formal Comparison of Ethical Systems: Doubts and Ethical Status -- IX. Ethical Analysis of Artistic and Propagandistic Literature -- X. Experimental Analysis of Normative Individuals -- XI. The Principle of Maximization of the Ethical Status of One’s Image of Oneself -- XII. Feelings and Sacrifices -- XIII. Formal Connections Between Modules of Inner Structures and Individuals -- XIV. Interaction. Activity and Its Measure -- XV. Ethical Typology in the Novel Crime and Punishment by Dostoevsky -- XVI. Ideology, Morality, and Political Organization -- XVII. Generalization. Proof of Existence of Ethically Nonmeasurable Situations -- Conclusion. The Problem of Substantiating the Initial Axioms -- Epilogue -- Appendix 1. Construction of Judgments about the Correctness of Images and Judgments -- Appendix 2. Ethical Systems and Multivalued Logics -- Appendix 3. Self-generation of Environments -- Appendix 4. A Method of Calculating Mean Ethical Statuses -- Appendix 5. Types of Adequacy of Reflexion -- Appendix 6. Schemes of Empirical Procedures -- Appendix 7 Tables -- Appendix 8. Problems of Substantiating the Initial Axioms in an Arbitrary Environment -- Appendix 9. Another Method of Representing Individuals -- Appendix 10. The Principle of Complementarity and the Phenomenon of Interference in the Algebraic Model of Ethical Cognition -- References.
    Kurzfassung: In this book two ethical systems are described in the language of mathematics. Ordinarily mathematics is thought to be a science of quantity. Indeed, manipulation of quantities constitutes much of mathematics. Elementary applied mathematics deals with reckoning and measurement, where concrete quantities are objects of attention, such as counting sheep or weighing corno But the operations on these quantities are performed with the help of symbols, from which concrete referents have been 'abstracted out': 3 + 5 = 8 regardless of whether the symbols stand for numbers of sheep or tons of corno Thus, the first principle that exhibits the power of mathematics is abstraction. It is one ofthe three pillars on which the edifice of mathematics rests. Another pillar is precision. Ordinarily, man communicates by words. W ords serve communication to the extent that they refer to things, events, states of affairs, feelings of the speaker, and so on. These are the meanings attributed to words. Communication is successful to the extent that the meanings coded upon words by the speaker correspond to the meanings decoded by the hearer. As is weH known, the degree ofthis correspondence varies enormously in different contexts of discourse and with the back­ grounds or attitudes of the speakers and hearers. Mathematics is a language in which the meanings ofthe symbols (the 'words' ofthis language) are absolutely precise. This precision is achieved by abstraction. Abstract terms are defined by their relations to other terms and by nothing else.
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  • 62
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    ISBN: 9789401170659
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Electrical / Computer Science and Engineering Series
    Serie: Van Nostrand Reinhold Electrical/Computer Science and Engineering Series
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: I The PN Junction -- A. The Need to Understand Low Frequency Diode Behavior -- B. Silicon — The Semiconductor -- C. The PN Depletion Zone -- D. Junction Potential -- E. Diffusion and Drift Currents -- F. Rectification and the I-V Law -- G. Depletion Zone Width Modulation — The Depletion C(V) Law -- H. Reverse Voltage Breakdown -- References -- Questions -- II PIN Diodes and the Theory of Microwave Operation -- A. The PIN Diode — An Extension of the PN Junction -- B. Microwave Equivalent Circuit -- C. High RF Power Limits -- References -- Questions -- III Practical PIN Diodes -- A. Basic Parameters — I Region Thickness and Area -- B. Table of Typically Available PIN Diodes -- C. Definition of Characteristics -- References -- Questions -- IV Binary State Transistor Drivers -- A. What The Driver Must Do -- B. The Driver as a Logic Signal — Power Supply Buffer (TTL Compatibility) -- C. Switching Speed -- D. High Power Reverse Bias (Enhanced) Leakage Current Supply -- E. Fault Detection Circuits -- F. Complementary Drivers -- References -- Questions -- V Fundamental Limits of Control Networks -- A. Introduction -- B. The Simple Loss (or Isolation) Formula -- C. The General Three-Port SPST Equivalent Circuit -- D. Switching Limits -- E. Duplexing Limits -- F. Phase Shifting Limits -- G. Summary -- References -- Questions -- VI Mathematical Techniques and Computer Aided Design (CAD) -- A. Introduction -- B. CAD Mathematical Analysis Approaches -- C. FORTRAN Computer Programming -- References -- Questions -- VII Limiters and Duplexers -- A. Introduction to Practical Circuit Designs -- B. How Limiters Function -- C. Coaxial Duplexers -- D. High Frequency, Waveguide Limiters -- E. Integrated Circuit Limiters -- F. Bulk Limiters -- References -- VIII Switches and Attenuators -- A. Broadband Coaxial Switches -- B. Coaxial High Power -- C. Switched Duplexers -- D. Waveguide Switches -- E. Stripline Switches -- F. Microstrip Switching -- G. Bulk Effect Switching -- References -- IX Phase Shifters and Time Delay Networks -- A. Introduction -- B. Switched Path Circuits -- C. Transmission Phase Shifters -- D. Reflection Phase Shifters -- E. Schiffman Phase Shifters -- F. Continuous Phase Shifters -- References -- Answers -- Appendices -- A. Constants and Formulas -- B. Material Properties -- C. Thermal Resistance Calculations -- D. Coaxial Lines -- E. Microstrip -- F. Stripline -- G. Waveguide -- H. Stripline Backward Wave Hybrid Coupler -- I. Bias Blocks and Returns -- J. The Smith Chart -- References and Bibliography.
    Kurzfassung: Joseph F. White has studied, worked, and taught in all aspects of microwave semiconductor materials, control diodes, and circuit applications. He is thoroughly grounded in the physics and math­ ematics of the field, but has primarily the engineer's viewpoint, combining basic knowledge with experience and ingenuity to gen­ erate practical designs under constraints of required performance and costs of development and production. As a result of his teach­ ing experience and numerous technical papers and oral presenta­ tions, he has developed a clear, well-organized writing style that makes this book easy to use as a self-teaching text, a reference volume, and a design handbook. Dr. White believes that an engineer must have a good understand­ ing of semiconductor physics, a thorough knowledge of microwave circuit theory, at least an elementary acquaintance with transistor drivers, and the ability to check and refine a microwave circuit on a computer terminal to be qualified for modern, creative design of microwave semiconductor control components. These subjects are well covered in approximately the first half of the book; the second half treats the general and specific design of switches, at­ tenuators, limiters, duplexers, and phase shifters, with many ex­ amples drawn from his experience and that of others.
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  • 63
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    ISBN: 9789400977310
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
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    Serie: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 1
    Serie: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 1
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Rational Expectation and Simplicity -- Why Should Probability be the Guide of Life? -- Chance and Degrees of Belief -- Invention and Appraisal -- Einstein, light Signals and the ?-Decision -- Simultaneity and Convention in Special Relativity -- Comets, Pollen and Dreams: Some Reflections on Scientific Explanation -- Causal Inference and Causal Explanation -- Rational Belief and the Common Cause Principle -- Physical Explanation: With Reference to the Theories of Scientific Explanation of Hempel and Salmon -- Further Reflections -- Autobiographical Note -- Notes On Contributors -- Salmon Bibliography -- References -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: Only in fairly recent years has History and Philosophy of Science been recog­ nised - though not always under that name - as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour. Previously, in the Australasian region as elsewhere, those few individuals working within this broad area of inquiry found their base, both intellectually and socially, where they could. In fact, the institutionalisation of History and Philosophy of Science began comparatively early in Australia. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and '60s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia, and in New Zealand.
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  • 64
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    ISBN: 9789400978164
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (382p) , digital
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    Serie: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 23
    Serie: Synthese Historical Library 23
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Kurzfassung: 1 / The Classification of Names in a System of Logic -- 1.1 Names -- 1.2 The distinction between individual and general names -- 1.3 Abstract and concrete names -- 1.4 Connotative versus non-connotative names -- 1.5 The remaining distinctions of names -- 2 / Themes from the History of Logic -- 2.1 Mill’s familiarity with the older logic -- 2.2 Some classifications of terms -- 2.3 The Manuductio ad Logicam of Philippus du Trieu -- 2.4 The ontological square -- 2.5 Paronymy -- 2.6 Connotative and absolute terms in scholastic logic -- 2.7 The identity of thing and essence -- 3 / Thinking in Intension and Extension -- 3.1 Abstraction and generalization in English empiricism -- 3.2 The Port-Royal logic -- 3.3 Extension—intension (comprehension), and denotation—connotation -- 3.4 Extension -- 3.5 Intension -- 3.6 Formal characterization of the diverse notions of extension and intension -- 3.7 The inverse relation between intension and extension -- 3.8 A problematical presupposition in the analysis of intensions -- 4 / From Predicables to Real Kinds -- 4.1 The incipience of the theory of denotation and connotation in ‘Whately’s Elements of Logic’ -- 4.2 Predicating and signifying in Whately -- 4.3 The theory of the predicables in ‘Whately’s Elements of Logic’ -- 4.4 The revised version of the predicables in ‘The Early Draft of the Logic’ -- 4.5 Real kinds -- 4.6 Abstract terms -- 4.7 James Mill’s Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind -- 4.8 Connotation revisited -- 5 / Theories of the Copula -- 5.1 Views of the copula -- 5.2 The semantic scheme for terms -- 5.3 Some illustrations -- 5.4 Limitations of the diverse theories -- 5.5 The copula as identity -- 5.6 Syntactic and semantic analysis of Hobbes’s theory of predication -- 6 / The Semantics of Propositions -- 6.1 Ambiguity of the copula -- 6.2 The analysis of S-P propositions as meaning analysis -- 6.3 Dictum de omni and nota notae est nota rei ipsius -- 6.4 The connotation of a term as constitutive for its denotation -- 6.5 The syllogism a petitio principii? -- 6.6 The status of deduction -- 6.7 Abstract propositions -- 6.8 Existential import -- 6.9 Real and verbal propositions -- 6.10 Definitions -- 6.11 Resistance to the logic of identity -- 7 / Meaning -- 7.1 Some interpretations of Mill’s theory of meaning -- 7.2 Meaning and the distinction between connotative and non-connotative terms -- 7.3 Meaning and ideas -- 7.4 Proper names -- 7.5 Philosophical language -- 8 / Semantics and Metaphysics -- 8.1 “Common sense” ontology -- 8.2 Relativity of knowledge -- 8.3 Ontology -- 8.4 Resemblance: epistemological aspects of the problem of universals -- 8.5 Logic and metaphysics -- 9 / Appraisal -- 9.1 Connotative terms and the deformation of the ontological square -- 9.2 The legacy of the past: terms -- 9.3 Signs of a new logical paradigm: propositions -- 9.4 Names, propositions, and facts -- 9.5 Meaning, fixing the reference, and rigid designators -- Appendix 1 / Some biographical notes -- Appendix 2 / Du Trieu’s doctrine of supposition -- Appendix 3 / Predication and supposition -- List of symbols and abbreviations of technical terms -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: The original, Dutch version of this book served in 1979 as a doctoral disserta­ tion in philosophy at the Free University in Amsterdam. In this preface to the - slightly revised - English translation, I wish once again to express my gratitude to my supervisors, Prof. J. van der Hoeven of the Free University and Prof. G. Nuchelmans of the University of Leiden, for their excellent and stimulating support. Professor van der Hoeven was associated with this project from the outset. It was a privilege to benefit from his incisive commentaries, especially in those instances where the objective was to break through to more fundamental insights. I shall not lightly forget his friendly and heartening encouragement. I am equally grateful for my discussions with Professor Nuchelmans. I almost always tried to follow his advice, since it was based upon awesome expertness and erudition. I am happy to have found in the person of Herbert Donald Morton, Th.M., M.A., an able and enthusiastic translator. Drs. Gerben Groenewoud made the translations of a number of the Latin citations. I acknowledge permission from Routledge and Kegan Paul and the University of Toronto Press to quote from The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill. And I thank the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O.) for fmancing this translation.
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    ISBN: 9789400977099
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (200p) , digital
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    Serie: Studies of Classical India 4
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Kurzfassung: I: The Structure of the World -- I. Introduction: Basic Concepts -- II. Background History and Methodology -- III. Udayana and his Works -- IV. The Structure Of The World — Introduction to a Translation of the Lak?a??va? -- V. Differentiation Of Categories — Introduction to a Translation of the Kira??val? -- VI. Conclusion -- II: A Translation and the Sanskrit Text of the Lak?a??va? -- Notes -- III: A Translation of the Kira??val? -- A. The Section on Earth -- B. The Section on Water -- C. The Section on Fire -- Notes to Sections on Earth, Water, and Fire -- Abbreviations and References.
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  • 66
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    ISBN: 9789400974494
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (368p) , digital
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    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H. L. Van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 87
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 87
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Kurzfassung: I. Separation and the General Economy -- Discontinuity in Bataille -- Separation and Cogito in Levinas -- Essential Solitude in Blanchot -- II. From Decision to the Exigency -- Prohibition and Transgression -- Death and Indecision -- Errance -- Desire and the Hunger which Nourishes Itself -- The Burrow and the Other Night -- Préhension persécutrice and the Arresting Hand -- III. Literature and the Exigency -- La littérature et le mal -- Silence and Orpheus -- Inspiration -- Approach of the Literary Space -- The Oeuvre -- IV. Proximity and Philosophy -- Savoir and non-savoir -- Proximity and Ontology -- Negativity and Il y a in Proximity -- Desire and the Question -- V. The Exigency as Experience -- Closure and Nudity -- Sensation and Intentionality -- Fascination and the Image -- Experience in Bataille and Blanchot -- Cogito and Temporality in Proximity -- VI. Alterity in the General Economy: Parole -- Parole and Entretien -- Alterity and Economy in Levinas -- VII. Same and Other -- From Difference to Non-indifference -- Separation in Proximity -- Recurrence -- Bataille, Blanchot, and Levinas -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: The problematic reality of an alterity implicit in the concept of communication has been a consistent attestation in formal discourse. The rapport of thought to this alterity has been consistently described as a radical inadequation. By virtue of the communicational economy which produces discontinuity and relation, illumination and the possibility of consciousness, an opacity haunts the famili­ arity of comprehension. Consciousness' spontaneity is limited by the difference or discontinuity of the exterior thing, of the exterior subject or intersubjective other, and of the generality of existence in its excess over comprehension's closure. An element implicit in difference or discontinuity escapes the power of comprehension, and even the possibility of manifestation. Within the system of tendencies and predications which characterizes formal discourse, however, this escape of alterity is most often understood as an escape which proceeds from its own substantiality: the unknowable in-itself of things, of subjects, and of generality. Alterity escapes the power of comprehension, on the basis of its power to escape this power. That which escapes the effectivity of consciousness, escapes on the basis of its own effectivity. For this reason, the rapport of inadequation described by the escape may function in formal discourse as a correlation. The inadequation of comprehension and exteriority may function as the vicissitude of a larger adequation. The latent principles of this adequation are power and totalization.
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  • 67
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    ISBN: 9789400974739
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Archives Internationale D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 99
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 99
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: I. The life -- II. The First Publication -- III. L’Esprit des cours de l’Europe -- IV. The Critique of Fénelon’s Tèlémaque 35 V. Dialogues des morts -- VI. Collaborative Works -- VII. The Translations -- VIII. Works attributed to Gueudeville -- Conclusion -- Appendix A. Contract of sale of rights to L’Esprit des cours de l’Europe -- B. Contract of partnership between Jonas L’Honoré and Thomas Johnson -- C. Dissolution of partnership -- D. Check-list of editions of critique of Tèlémaque -- E. List of editions and locations of the Atlas historique -- F. Check-list of editions of L’Eloge de la folie -- G. List of editions of L’Utopie -- Archives.
    Kurzfassung: It is generally agreed that great men transcend their time while ordinary men remain rooted in it. This is why, if we want to know what life was like in days gone by, we must study those who were most representative of their age, those individuals who, though they may have achieved a modicum of fame or notoriety, are now, because of their limited abilities and outlook, largely forgotten. The great figures involved in the political and religious controversies that took of the seventeenth century and the beginning place in Holland! towards the end of the eighteenth, men such as Bayle, Jurieu, Le Clerc and others who were in the forefront of what has been aptly termed as the "crise de la conscience europeenne," these figures have been the object of extensive investigation. The minor personages of this period, on the other hand, have received little attention. For this reason, in a previous study,2 I examined the life and work of one of these minor figures, and tried to show how he was representative of those French Huguenots who came to Holland in the latter half of the seventeenth century, who settled in relatively remote places, and who made an effort to integrate themselves and gain acceptance in Dutch provincial society.
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  • 68
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    ISBN: 9789400977907
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in the History of Modern Science 11
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    Schlagwort(e): medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; History ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Kurzfassung: I. Intellectual Development -- II. Taxonomy -- III. Signs and Ideas -- IV. Personality -- V. The Structure of Harmony -- VI. Conclusion.
    Kurzfassung: Charles Bonnet began his career as a naturalist, from an early age establishing a reputation as a careful observer. It is for those youthful observations, as well as for some suggestive speculations proposed relative to this field, that he is best remembered in English-speaking countries: regarding the taxonomic de­ mands of natural history he refurbished the idea of a chain of beings; regarding the question of generation he marshaled evidence in support of preforma­ tion theory; and regarding the analysis of the physiology of the nervous system he advanced a theory that individual nerve fibers receive and retain specific sensations. Following his loss of eyesight in his mid-twenties Bonnet entered a more reflective period, turning to philosophy and pondering the nature of human understanding - considerations he had formerly disdained, but that now seemed a natural outgrowth of his reflections on nature. This essay focuses on the philosophical and psychological works of the later period, the period in which he wrote all his major books. By giving these writings a broader exposure it has been one of my hopes that Bonnet's audience would also be broadened, releasing him, so to speak, from the charge of historians of science so that he might fmd his way, in general books on the "Enlightenment", from scattered footnotes into the texts themselves.
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  • 69
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    ISBN: 9789400977495
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (196p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 25
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 25
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics
    Kurzfassung: I: Introduction: Moore and Metaphysics -- 1. Commonsense Realism -- 2. A Look Ahead -- 3. Realisms -- II: Arguments Against Idealism -- 1. That British Empiricism is Psychologists: The Background to Moore’s Break from Idealism -- 2. Moore’s Attack upon the Esse estPercipi Principle: First Stage (1899–1903) -- 3. Moore’s Attack upon the Esse est Percipi principle: Second Stage (after 1910) -- 4. The Theory of Internal Relations -- III: Common Sense in Metaphysics -- 1. Moore’s Meaning/Analysis Distinction as Making a Role for Common Sense in Philosophy -- 2. Moore’s Metaphysical Categories -- 3. Moore’s Proof of an External World -- IV: Moore’s Conception of Analysis -- 1. Ordinary Language, Common Sense and Analysis -- 2. What is Analysed and How? -- 3. The Criteria of Correct Analysis -- V: Sense-Data and Things in the Material World -- 1. Direct Realism, Phenomenalism and Representationalism -- 2. On the Relation of Sense-Datum Propositions to Material-Object Propositions -- VI: The Status of Abstract Entities (I) -- 1. Concepts as Ultimate Subjects -- 2. For and Against Propositions and Concepts after 1910 -- VII: The Status of Abstract Entities (II) -- 1. Two Types of Universals: Relations and Relational Properties -- 2. ‘The Third Kind of Universal’ -- 3. Classes -- VIII: Review and Moore’s Dualisms -- Index of Proper Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: In this book, setting aside his consideration of specifically ethical topics, I try to provide a comprehensive interpretation of Moore's thought. Against the background of this general interpretation I examine in detail his work on some of the central problems of metaphysics and, because Moore's being able to sustain a consistent anti-skepticism is essential to the survival of the base from which he works on those problems, of epistemology too. The interpretation of which I speak involves my taking as the centerpiece of Moore's philosophical work his book, Some Main Problems of Philosophy, written in 1910 as the text of a lecture series but left unpublished for over forty years thereafter. That book is aptly titled, for the issues with which Moore deals in it are indeed among the main problems of philosophy. Not least of these are the problems of formulating a general categorial deSCription of the world and then of defending that formulation. However, while I will discuss Moore's work in light of its contribution to this project of taking metaphysical inventory, it is important to note that he, in common with many other major figures in contemporary analytical philosophy, did not approach specific philosophical puzzles with a view to possibly integrating solutions to them into a comprehensive theory about reality as a whole, that is, into what might be called a metaphysical system.
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  • 70
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    ISBN: 9789400959682
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Outline Studies in Ecology
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 What is a model? -- 1.1 The concept of models -- 1.2 Word models -- 1.3 Definition of model -- 1.4 Examples -- 2 Why do I need a model? -- 2.1 Reason for use of models -- 2.2 Complexity -- 2.3 Integration and testing of compatibility of information already collected about a system -- 2.4 Simulation as a synthesis of available information -- 3 How do I start? -- 3.1 Defining the problem -- 3.2 Word models -- 3.3 Diagrams -- 4 What help can I expect from mathematics? -- 4.1 Mathematical notations -- 4.2 Families of mathematical models -- 5 Do I need a computer? -- 5.1 Access to computers -- 5.2 Computer languages -- 5.3 Using the computer -- 6 How do I know when to stop? -- 6.1 Re-examination of objectives -- 6.2 Sensitivity analysis -- 6.3 Verification -- 6.4 Validation -- Appendix: Modelling checklist -- References.
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  • 71
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    ISBN: 9789401169387
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 178 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Environmental Resource Management Series
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Soil Profile Descriptions -- Soil Horizons -- Color -- Texture -- Structure -- Consistence -- Reaction -- Boundary -- 3 Laboratory Analyses -- Soil Fertility Tests -- Engineering Soils Tests -- Soil Classification Lab Analyses -- Soil Test Kit -- 4 Soil Classification -- Nomenclature -- Maps -- Groupings of Soils -- 5 Computerized Data Processing -- SCS Form 5 -- 6 Engineering Applications -- Community Development -- Waste Disposal -- 7 Agricultural Land Classification -- Land Capability -- Productivity Index -- Land Economics -- Land Use -- 8 Erosion Control -- Soil-Loss Equation -- Evidence of Soil Erosion -- Canadarago Computer Study -- 9 Yield Correlations -- Estimated Yields -- Soil Correlations -- National Programs -- Crop Responses -- Experiment Design -- Sequential Testing -- 10 Archeological Considerations -- New York -- Mesa Verde -- Phoenix -- Tikal -- Sardis -- Mexico City -- Negev Desert -- Rajasthan Desert -- 11 Planning for the Future -- FAO World Soil Map -- Soil Taxonomy -- CRIES -- Benchmark Project -- Soil Quantification -- Conclusions -- Appendix 1 Conversion Factors for U.S. and Metric Units -- Appendix 2 Glossary -- References.
    Kurzfassung: As we enter the last decades of the twentieth century, many persistent and perplexing problems continue to afflict humankind. Thus it is appropriate to address, in a new group of books, two of the monumental issues that haunt people throughout the world. Soils and the Environment by Professor Gerald W. Olson is the first book in this new publish­ ing program on Environment, Energy, and Society. The purpose of all these books will be to explore the many interrelated facets of these topics and to provide guidance for deal ing with problems and offering ideas for their solutions. Environment and energy are twin problems that occupy what many believe to be opposite sides of a two-headed coin. They are often viewed as being antithetical and incompatible. The various books in this program will try to place in perspective the options that are available to those who design policy and plan and manage societal matters. Typical of books being developed currently are ones on coal resources, environmental geoscience, environmental pollution, land-use planning, nuclear energy, mineral resources, and water resources. However, because soils are at the very heart of civilization and provide the building block for human sustenance, it is fitting to inaugurate this series with Dr. Olson's timely analysis of soils. Unfortu­ nately, these most vital resources seen. to have low priority in many farming enterprises, urbanization projects, deforestation schemes, and mining and developmental terrain changes.
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  • 72
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    ISBN: 9789400979048
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (188p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 159
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I Retrocausation and the Necessity of the Past -- II Retrocausation and Tachyons -- III Indeterminism -- IV Indeterminism and the Special Theory of Relativity -- V The Objectivity of the Distinction between Past, Present and Future -- VI Temporal Order and the Causal Theory of Time -- VII Temporal Asymmetry -- VIII Reference and Identity over Time -- IX A Modal Logic with Temporal Variables -- X General Questions -- Author Index -- Word Index.
    Kurzfassung: This book is intended as an exposition of a particular theory of time in the sense of an interrelated set of attempted solutions to philosophical problems about it. Generally speaking there are two views about time held by philosophers and some scientists interested in philosophical issues. The first called the A-theory (after McTaggart's expression A-determinations for the properties of being past, present or future) is often thought to be closer to our commonsense view of time or to the concept of time presupposed by ordinary language. It includes at least the following theses, (a) Logic ought really to include tensed quantifiers for existence on one of its important usages means, present existence. More generally, we can't reduce all tensed locutions to tenseless ones. (b) The distinction between past, present and future is an objective one. It is not, for example, dependent on our consciousness of change; some A-theorists hold also, that the distinction, in effect, is an absolute one.
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  • 73
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    ISBN: 9789401099400
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (500p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: International Institute of Philosophy / Institut International de Philosophie 2
    Serie: Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey 2
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Contents/Table des matières -- The Erklären-Verstehen controversy in the philosophy of the natural and human sciences -- Causation and teleology in contemporary philosophy of science -- Paradigms -- Rationality -- The revival of causality -- Statistical explanation -- Simulation and self-organization of mind -- Philosophy of quantum mechanics -- Some central problems in the philosophy of space and time -- Philosophy and biology -- Issues relating to the meaning of psychology as a science -- The right not to be hungry -- Philosophy of technology -- Le structuralisme français -- Hermeneutics -- Abbreviations used by some contributors -- Index of names -- Index of subjects.
    Kurzfassung: The present publication is a continuation of two earlier series of chronicles, Philosophy in the Mid-Century (Firenze 1958/59) and Contemporary Philosophy (Firenze 1968), edited by Raymond Klibansky. As with the earlier series the present chronicles purport to give a survey of significant trends in contemporary philosophi­ cal discussion. The time space covered by the present series is (approximately) 1966-1978. The need for such surveys has, I believe, increased rather than decreased over the last years. The philosophical scene appears, for various reasons, more complex than ever before. The continuing process of specialization in most branches, the emergence of new schools of thought, particularly in philosophical logic and the philosophy of language, the convergence of interest (though not necessarily of opinion) of different traditions upon certain prob­ lems, and the increasing attention being paid to the history of philosophy in discussions of contemporary problems are the most important contributory factors. Surveys of the present kind are a valuable source of knowledge of this complexity and may as such be of assistance in renewing the understanding of one's own philosophical problems. The surveys, it is to be hoped, may also help to strengthen the Socratic element of modern philosophy, the dialogue or Kommunikationsgemeinschaft. So far, four volumes have been prepared for the new series. The present chronicles in Philosophy of Science (Vol. 2) follow the chronicles in the Philosophy of Language and Philosophical Logic (Vol.
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  • 74
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    ISBN: 9789400977693
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophy and Medicine 11
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Kurzfassung: Section I/Historical and Conceptual Background -- Philanthropy in Medicine: Some Historical Perspectives -- Philosophical Foundations of Beneficence -- Beneficence in an Ethics of Virtue -- Beneficence, Supererogation, and Role Duty -- Section II/Beneficence in Religious Ethics -- Jewish Ethics and Beneficence -- Roman Catholic Ethics and Beneficence -- Protestant Ethics and Beneficence -- Section III/Beneficence in Health Care -- Scope of Beneficence in Health Care -- To Benefit and Respect Persons: A Challenge for Beneficence in Health Care -- Beneficence and Health Policy: Reduction of Risk-Taking -- Altruism in Health Care -- Epilogue -- Notes on Contributors.
    Kurzfassung: The meaning and application of the principle of beneficence to issues in health care is rarely clear or certain. Although the principle is frequently employed to justify a variety of actions and inactions, very little has been done from a conceptual point of view to test its relevance to these behaviors or to explore its relationship to other moral principles that also might be called upon to guide or justify conduct. Perhaps more than any other, the principle of benef­ icence seems particularly appropriate to contexts of health care in which two or more parties interact from positions of relative strength and weakness, advantage and need, to pursue some perceived goal. It is among those moral principles that Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress selected in their textbook on bioethics as applicable to biomedicine in general and relevant to a range of specific issues ([1], pp. 135-167). More narrowly, The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behav­ ioral Research identified beneficence as among those moral principles that have particular relevance to the conduct of research involving humans (2). Thus, the principle of beneficence is seen as pertinent to the routine delivery of health care, the discovery of new therapies, and the rationale of public policies related to health care.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789400978881
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (353p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Collection des Travaux de L’Académie Internationale D’Histoire des Sciences No 30 24
    Serie: Synthese Historical Library 24
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I/Of the Principles of Human Knowledge -- II/Of the Principles of Material Objects -- III/Of the Visible Universe -- IV/Of the Earth -- Plates -- Index of Persons and Works -- Index of Subjects and Terms.
    Kurzfassung: Descartes's Principles 0. / Philosophy is his longest and most ambitious work; it is the only work in which he attempted to actually deduce scientific knowledge from Cartesian metaphysics, as he repeatedly claimed was possible. Whatever the success of this attempt, there can be no doubt that it was enormously influential. Cartesian celestial mechanics held sway for well over a century, and some of the best minds of that period, including Leibniz, Malebranche, Euler, and the Bernoullis, attempted to modify and quantify the Cartesian theory of vortices into an acceptable alternative to Newton's theory of universal gravitation. Thus, the Principles is not only of inherent and historical interest philosophically but is also a seminal document in the history of science and of 17th Century thought. Principles of Philosophy was first published in Latin, in 1644. In 1647, a French translation, done by the Abbe Claude Picot and containing a great deal of additional material and a number of alterations in the original text, was published with Descartes's enthusiastic approval. Unlike some English translations of portions of the Principles, this translation uses the Latin text as its primary source; however, a good deal of additional material from Picot's translation has been included. There are several reasons for this. First, there is good evidence that Descartes himself was responsible for some of the additional material, including, of course, the Preface to the French translation.
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  • 76
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    ISBN: 9789400974913
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (788p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Third Revised and Enlarged Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 5/6
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Logic.
    Kurzfassung: 1. The Phenomenological Movement Defined -- 2. Unrelated Phenomenologies -- 3. Preview -- One / The Preparatory Phase -- I. Franz Brentano (1838–1917): Forerunner of the Phenomenological Movement -- II. Carl Stumpf (1848–1936): Founder of Experimental Phenomenology -- Two / The German Phase of the Movement -- III. The Pure Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl (1859–1938) -- IV. The Original Phenomenological Movement -- V. The Phenomenology of Essences: Max Scheler (1874–1928) -- VI. Phenomenology in the Critical Ontology of Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950) -- VII. Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) as a Phenomenologist -- Three / The French Phase of the Movement -- Introductory -- VIII. The Beginnings of French Phenomenology -- IX. Gabriel Marcel (1889–1974) as a Phenomenologist -- X. The Phenomenology of Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) -- XI. The Phenomenological Philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961) -- XII. Paul Ricoeur and Some Associates -- XIII. Emmanuel Levinas (Born 1906): Phenomenological Philosophy (by Stephan Strasser) -- Four / The Geography of the Phenomenological Movement -- Five / The Essentials of the Phenomenological Method -- Appendices -- Chart I: Chronology of the Phenomenological Movement in Germany -- Chart II: Chronology of the Phenomenological Movement in France -- Chart III: Chronology of the Phenomenological Movement in the Anglo-American World -- Index of Subjects, Combined with a Selective Glossary of Phenomenological Terms -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The present attempt to introduce the general philosophical reader to the Phenomenological Movement by way of its history has itself a history which is pertinent to its objective. It may suitably be opened by the following excerpts from a review which Herbert W. Schneider of Columbia University, the Head of the Division for International Cultural Cooperation, Department of Cultural Activities of Unesco from 1953 to 56, wrote in 1950 from France: The influence of Husserl has revolutionized continental philosophies, not because his philosophy has become dominant, but because any philosophy now seeks to accommodate itself to, and express itself in, phenomenological method. It is the sine qua non of critical respectability. In America, on the contrary, phenomenology is in its infancy. The average American student of philosophy, when he picks up a recent volume of philosophy published on the continent of Europe, must first learn the "tricks" of the phenomenological trade and then translate as best he can the real impon of what is said into the kind of imalysis with which he is familiar . . . . No doubt, American education will graduaUy take account of the spread of phenomenological method and terminology, but until it does, American readers of European philosophy have a severe handicap; and this applies not only to existentialism but to almost all current philosophical literature. ' These sentences clearly implied a challenge, if not a mandate, to all those who by background and interpretive ability were in a position to meet it.
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  • 77
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    ISBN: 9789400974586
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Suppl.: Rezensiert in Klaits, Joseph [Rezension von: O'Higgins, James, Yves de Vallone: The Making of an Esprit-Fort] 1984
    Serie: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 97
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 97
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: I Biographical -- 1 The Search for de Vallone -- 2 The Story of Yves de Vallone -- 3 The Calvinism of de Vallone -- 4 Predestination and the Quarrel with Jaques Bernard -- II “La Religion Du Chrétien” -- 1 Introduction -- 2 God -- 3 The Soul -- 4 Authority -- 5 Scripture -- 6 The Christian Religion -- III Conclusion -- 1 The Unorthodoxy of de Vallone -- 2 The Clandestine Manuscripts -- 3 Conclusion.
    Kurzfassung: The writing of the second part of this book presented a peculiar difficulty. On the one hand I had the great advantage of having found the first rough draft of the manuscript La Religion du Chretien, corrected and often recorrected. Authorship could eventually be established beyond shadow of doubt, and in the corrections one could see de Vallone changing his opinions as he wrote. On the other the sheer length of the manuscript - about 140,000 words - plus the num­ ber of corrections - well over 3,000, many of them lengthy - the enormous number of references in the text to the Classics, to the Scriptures and Apochrypha, to the Fathers, to Philosophers, ancient and contemporary or near contemporary to de Vallone, and to a considerable number of other contem­ porary authors, all of which would require a footnote (not to speak of other footnotes necessary as comments on the text itself) made the production of a critical edition a financial impossibility. Instead I decided, for the sake of scholars interested in this type of manuscript, to give a full, i. ndeed meticulous­ perhaps too meticulous - digest of the manuscript with a running commentary, showing the influences working on de Vallone, the intellectual atmosphere in which he lived, indicating the significance of all the major revisions and correc­ tions in his text and commenting on what one can only describe as his own world-theory and on his use of his authorities and of their influence upon him.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789400977235
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (248p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophy and Medicine 10
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Kurzfassung: Section I / The Physician as Moral Arbiter -- The Physician as a Moral Force in American History -- The Physician as Moral Arbiter -- Section II / The Costs of New Knowledge -- Moral Issues Relating to the Economics of New Knowledge in the Biomedical Sciences -- Only the Best is Good Enough? -- Section III / Costs, Benefits, and the Responsibilities of Medical Science -- Morality and the Social Control of Biomedical Technology -- Rights and Responsibilities in Medical Science -- Health, Justice, and Responsibility -- Section IV / Biomedical Knowledge: Libertarian vs. Socialist Models -- The Need to Know: Utilitarian and Esthetic Values of Biomedical Science -- Medical Knowledge as a Social Product: Rights, Risks, and Responsibilities -- Biomedical Knowledge: Progress and Priorities -- Section V / Biomedical Ethics and Advances in Biomedical Science -- Applying Morality to Advances in Biomedicine: Can and Should This be Done? -- Biomedicine, Health Care Policy, and the Adequacy of Ethical Theory -- Section VI / Conclusions and Reflections: Present and Future Problems -- Why New Technology is More Problematic than Old Technology -- The Uses of Biomedical Knowledge: The End of the Era of Optimism? -- The Best is Yet to Come -- Scientific Advance, Technological Development, and Society -- The Life-World and the Patient’s Expectations of New Knowledge -- Epilogue -- Notes on Contributors.
    Kurzfassung: The spectacular development of medical knowledge over the last two centuries has brought intrusive advances in the capabilities of medical technology. These advances have been remarkable over the last century, but especially over the last few decades, culminating in such high technology interventions as heart transplants and renal dialysis. These increases in medical powers have attracted societal interest in acquiring more such knowledge. They have also spawned concerns regarding the use of human subjects in research and regarding the byproducts of basic research as in the recent recombinant DNA debate. As a consequence of the development of new biomedical knowledge, physicians and biomedical scientists have been placed in positions of new power and responsibility. The emergence of this group of powerful and knowledgeable experts has occasioned debates regarding the accountability of physicians and biomedical scientists. But beyond that, the very investment of resources in the acquisition of new knowledge has been questioned. Societies must decide whether finite resources would not be better invested at this juncture, or in general, in the alleviation of the problems of hunger or in raising general health standards through interventions which are less dependent on the intensive use of high technology. To put issues in this fashion touches on philosophical notions concerning the claims of distributive justice and the ownership of biomedical knowledge.
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  • 79
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977297
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (381p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Sociology of the Sciences a Yearbook 6
    Serie: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 6
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Social history.
    Kurzfassung: I Scientific and Other Establishments -- Scientific Establishments -- The Scientific Power Elite — a Chimera; The Deinstitutionalization and Politicization of Science -- The Hallmarks of Science and Scholasticism: A Historical Analysis -- Advice from a Scientific Establishment: the National Academy of Sciences -- II Establishments and Hierarchies in the Development of Scientific Knowledge -- Giving Life a New Meaning: The Rise of the Molecular Biology Establishment -- Two Scientific Establishments which Shape the Pattern of Cancer Research in Germany: Basic Science and Medicine -- Development and Establishment in Artificial Intelligence -- The Development of Restrictedness in the Sciences -- Scientific Disciplines and Organizational Specificity: the Social and Cognitive Configuration of Laboratory Activities -- III Establishing Boundaries and Hierarchies in the Sciences -- On the Autonomy of Pure Science: The Construction and Maintenance of Barriers between Scientific Establishments and Popular Culture -- Research Trails and Science Policies: Local and Extra-Local Negotiation of Scientific Work -- The Establishment and Structure of the Sciences as Reputational Organizations.
    Kurzfassung: In recent years sociologists of sciences have become more interested in scien­ tific elites, in the way they direct and control the development of sciences and, beyond that, in which the organization of research facilities and resources generally affects research strategies and goals. In this volume we focus on scientific establishments and hierarchies as a means of bringing aspects of these concerns together in their historical and comparative contexts. These terms draw attention to the fact that much scientific work has been pursued within a highly specific organizational setting, that of universities and aca­ demic research institutes. The effects of this organizational setting as well as its power relations, and its resources in relation to governmental and other non-scientific establishments in society at large, deserve closer attention. One significant aspect of scientific establishments and hierarchies and of the power relations impinging upon scientific research, is the fact that the bulk of leading scientists have the professional career, qualifications and status of a professor. As heads or senior members of departments, institutes and laboratories, professors form the ruling groups of scientific work. They are the main defenders of scientific - or departmental - autonomy, accept or resist innovations in their field, play a leading part in fighting scientific controversies or establishing consensus. Even where research units are not directly controlled by professors, authority structures usually remain strongly hierarchical. These hierarchies too deserve attention in any explora­ tion of the social characteristics of scientific knowledge and its production.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789401711395
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 160 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
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    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Political science.
    Kurzfassung: I Theory -- 1 The Problem: Economic Analysis and the Rise of New Regulation -- 2 Ideology: An Explanation for Public Policy Making -- 3 Roll Call Voting by Congress -- II Evidence -- 4 Public Interest Lobbies -- 5 Voting on Minimum Wages -- 6 Ideology and Logrolling -- 7 Empirical Estimation of the General Equilibrium Model -- III Contributions -- 8 A Comparison of the 1972 and 1978 Elections: Role of the PACs -- 9 Some Additional Effects of Contributions -- 10 Conclusions and Implications -- Appendix: Analysis of Econometric Models with Qualitative Dependent Variables -- References.
    Kurzfassung: In a sense, this book might seem like a strange undertaking for two economists. The material seems to be much closer to political science than to economics; our topic is the determinants of congressional voting. Legislatures and roll call voting are traditionally in the domain of political science. This introduction is intended to explain why we have found this book worth writing. Today the economy functions in a regulated framework. Whether or not there ever was a "golden age" of laissez faire capitalism is an issue for historians; such an age does not now exist. One implication of the high degree of politicization of the modern economy is that one cannot any longer study economics divorced from politics. The rise to prominence of the field of public choice is one strong piece of evidence about what many economists see as the significant influence of the political sector over what would seem to be purely economic variables. A more homey example may also be used to il­ lustrate the phenomenon of increased politicization of the economy. All economists have had the experience of lecturing on the unemployment­ creating effects of a minimum wage or on the shortage-creating implications of price controls, only to have a student ask: "But if that is so, why do we have those laws?" One way of viewing this book is as an attempt to answer that question.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789401744430
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 446 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
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    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Conflict of laws. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Private international law.
    Kurzfassung: Last year I addressed the Netherlands Comparative Law Asso­ ciation with the following question: 'Does Comparative Law Exist At All?' (My intention then was to flog the dead (?) horse of the merger of comparative law and the sociology of law. ) In presenting this voluminous collection of Netherlands national reports to the eleventh congress of the Internatio­ nal Academy of Comparative Law I feel my misgivings giving way to the suspicion, that comparative law indeed exists. Of course national reports do not, as such, prove the exist­ ence of comparative law. It is the general reports together with the national reports, which embody the comparative effort. That is why the Netherlands Comparative Law Associa­ tion took the initiative to propose the publishing of the materials on a subject to subject basis instead of publish­ ing collections of national reports. From a comparative legal point of view, it is the topic that should form the basis of the publication, and not the origin of the materials. The general reporter for each topic should be prepared to take up the responsabilities of editing the volume, and would have to be given the right to select those national reports which he considers to be useful both in regard to their quality and the relevance of the material to the basic problems in the questionnaire. This proposal met with very favourable comments from the na­ tional committees and general reporters of some fifteen coun­ tries.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789401098687
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 156
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Mathematical logic.
    Kurzfassung: I/Temporal Ontology -- I.1./Primitive Notions -- I.2./Points -- I.3./Periods -- I.4./Points and Periods -- I.5./Events -- II/Temporal Discourse -- II.1./Choice of Languages -- II.2./Instant Tense Logic -- II.3./Extended Tense Logic -- II.4./Point Talk and Period Talk -- Appendix A/On Space -- Notes -- List of Important Principles -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: That philosophical themes could be studied in an exact manner by logical meanS was a delightful discovery to make. Until then, the only outlet for a philosophical interest known to me was the production of poetry or essays. These means of expression remain inconclusive, however, with a tendency towards profuseness. The logical discipline provides so me intellectual backbone, without excluding the literary modes. A master's thesis by Erik Krabbe introduced me to the subject of tense logic. The doctoral dissertation of Paul N eedham awaked me (as so many others) from my dogmatic slumbers concerning the latter's mono­ poly on the logical study of Time. Finally, a set of lecture notes by Frank Veltman showed me how classical model theory is just as relevant to that study as more exotic intensional techniques. Of the authors whose work inspired me most, I would mention Arthur Prior, for his irresistible blend of logic and philosophy, Krister Segerberg, for his technical opening up of a systematic theory, and Hans Kamp, for his mastery of all these things at once. Many colleagues have made helpful comments on the two previous versions of this text. I would like to thank especially my students Ed Brinksma, Jan van Eyck and Wilfried Meyer-Viol for their logical and cultural criticism. The drawings were contributed by the versatile Bauke Mulder. Finally, Professor H intikka's kind appreciation provided the stimulus to write this book.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789400979567
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (334p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Sociology of the Sciences Monographs 1
    Serie: Sociology of the Sciences - Monographs, Continued As Sociology of the Sciences Library 1
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; History.
    Kurzfassung: One: Introduction to the Cognitive View -- 1. The Development of the Cognitive View -- 2. World Views and Models -- 3. Positivism as a Monadic View -- 4. Logical Positivism: A Structural View -- 5. Contexts of Science: Sciences of Science -- 6. The Cognitive View on Science: Paradigms -- Two: The Social Structure of Science -- 7. Bibliometrics and the Structure of Science -- 8. Informal Groups and the Origin of Networks -- 9. The Life Cycle of Scientific Specialties -- Three: Cognitive Structure and Dynamics of Science -- 10. Paradigms and the Psychology of Attention and Perception -- 11. Puzzle-solving and Reorganization of World Views -- 12. Conservation and the Dynamics of Conceptual Systems -- Epilogue -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: The growing importance of the sciences in industrialised societies has been acknowledged by the increasing number of studies concerned with their development, change and control. In the past 20 or so years there has been a considerable growth in teaching and research programmes dealing with science and technology policy, science and society, sociology and history of science and similar areas which has resulted in much new material about the production and validation of scientific knowledge. In addition to the quanti­ tative growth of this literature, there has also been a substantial shift in the problems addressed and approaches adopted. In particular, the substantive content of scientific knowledge has become the focus of many historical and sociological studies which seek to understand how knowledges develop and change in different social circumstances. Instead of taking the privileged epistemological status of scientific knowledge for granted, recent approaches have emphasised the socially contingent nature of knowledge production and validation and the pluralistic nature of the sciences. Parallel to these develop­ ments, there has been a shift in the treatment of science by the state, business and public pressure groups. Increasingly they have sought to control the direction of research, and thus the content of knowledge, directly rather than simply applying existing knowledge. Science has become amenable to social control and influence. Its sacred status has declined and it is increasingly viewed as a socially constituted phenomenon which can be studied in a similar manner to other cultural products.
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  • 84
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977181
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Profiles, An International Series on Contemporary Philosophers and Logicians 3
    Serie: Profiles 3
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I -- One -- Self-Profile -- Two -- Kyburg’s System of Probability -- Kyburg on Direct Inference -- Reply -- Three -- Bibliography of Henry E. Kyburg, Jr. -- II -- One -- Self-Profile -- Two -- Levi’s Theory of Acceptance -- Levi on the Dogma of Randomization in Experiments -- Replies -- Three -- Bibliography of Isaac Levi -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this series is to inform both professional philosophers and a larger readership (of social and natural scientists, methodologists, mathematicians, students, teachers, publishers, etc.) about what is going on, who's who, and who does what in contemporary philosophy and logic. PROFILES is designed to present the research activity and the results of already outstanding personalities and schools and of newly emerging ones in the various fields of philosophy and logic. There are many Festschrift volumes dedicated to various philosophers. There is the celebrated Library of Living Philosophers edited by P. A. Schilpp whose format influenced the present enterprise. Still they can only cover very little of the contemporary philosophical scene. Faced with a tremendous expansion of philosophical information and with an almost frightening division oflabor and increas­ ing specialization we need systematic and regular ways of keeping track of what happens in the profession. PROFILES is intended to perform such a function. Each volume is devoted to one or several philosophers whose views and results 'are presented and discussed. The profiled philosopher(s} will summarize and review his (their) own work in the main fields of signifi­ cant contribution. This work will be discussed and evaluated by invited contributors. Relevant historical and/or biographical data, an up-to-date bibliography with short abstracts of the most important works and, whenever possible, references to significant reviews and discussions will also be included.
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  • 85
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400976245
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (160p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage Des Centres D’Archives - Husserl 90
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 90
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Kurzfassung: I: The Emergence and Development of Husserl’s ‘Philosophy of Arithmetic’ -- 1. Historical Background: Weierstrass and the Arithmetization of Analysis -- 2. Husserl’s First Stage: Analysis as a Science of Number -- 3. Husserl’s Second Stage: Analysis as a Formal Technique -- 4. Husserl’s Third Stage: Analysis as Manifold Theory -- 5. The Problem of Psychologism in Husserl’s Early Writings -- II: Husserl and the Concept of Number -- 1. The Definition of Number -- 2. The Origin of Number as a Phenomenological Problem -- 3. The Origin of Number in Husserl’s Eearly Writings -- III: The Presence of Number -- 1. Sensuous Groups -- 2. Explication -- 3. Comparison -- IV: Numbers as Identities in Presence and Absence -- 1. Intending Numbers in their Absence -- 2. The Unity of Number -- 3. The Unity of Large Numbers -- 4. Sedimented Number Meanings -- V: The Sense of Arithmetic -- 1. Ideal Numbers -- 2. The Formal Character of the Concept of Number -- 3. Arithmetic as Formal Ontology -- VI: The Sense of Analysis -- 1. The Algebraization of Arithmetic -- 2. Theory Forms and Manifolds -- 3. Analysis as Manifold Theory -- 4. Husserl’s Attempted Justification of Analysis -- Conclusion -- Note on Abbreviations.
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  • 86
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400976818
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 10
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Metaphysics.
    Kurzfassung: I General Introduction -- One: Forms -- II Concrete Common Qualities -- III Transcedent Simples -- IV Natural Kinds -- Two: Matter -- V Wholes of Concrete Common Qualities -- VI Wholes of Form-Copies -- VII Geometrical Solids in Space -- Three: Mind -- VIII Part of Concrete Whole -- IX Transcedent Simple Soul -- X Dynamic-telic Structure -- XI General Conclusion -- A Note on Chronology -- Abbreviations -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: The present work is an attempt to analyse critically Plato's views on mind and body and more particularly on the mind-body relationship within the wider setting of Plato's metaphysics. We seek to achieve this by a philosophical examination"-of the dialogues on the basis of a generally accepted order (some revision of this order is a by-product of our examination). Strictly speaking "soul" ought perhaps to be substituted for "mind" in the above. But it seems to be in terms of "mind" that modern philosophers deal with and refer to the problem that Plato tackled (mainly) in terms of psyche, and as it is part of the motivation for dealing with Plato's treatment that it is of importance for the modern debate, it has been felt necessary to stress the rough identity* of the problem in the title of the book (and in the Introduction, in the title of Part Three and a few other places). Below this superordinate level we try to keep "mind" as a translation typically of nous and "soul" as a translation of psyche.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789400974883
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (248p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Social History 6
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: I. A Litany of Disasters -- II. The Structure of Maml?k Power -- The Sa’?d-D?w?d Struggle (1815–1816) -- The build up of Maml?k dominance -- Aspects of Government -- Outside Baghdad -- Military aspects of Maml?k power -- Revenue and Maml?k power -- The Maml?ks and Baghdad -- Religious leaders, military men and the role of the quarters of Baghdad -- The political position of non-Moslem minorities -- The Porte and Baghdad -- The British role -- Instability and violence in Maml?k politics -- A short discourse on Mosul -- III. The Rural World -- The sedentary areas -- The political position of the villagers -- The tribal world -- The large tribal formations: migrations and territorial influence -- Economics and tribal structure -- The Tribal Structure -- Political authority in the tribal world -- Big shaykhs and the state -- IV. Résumé. The Background of Iraqi State Formation -- State and countryside -- The Maml?ks in the history of Iraq -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: 1 This study deals with the Mamliik period in Iraqi history (1750- 1831), and more particularly with later Mamliik times (1802-1831). The year 1831 marks the watershed between an era of 'local rule' and one of restored Turkish centralization. During the Mamliik period the influence of external powers in Iraq was not excessive; after that year direct Turkish rule coincided with growing British in­ fluence, which increasingly opened the country to the forces of the world market. As an object of study the period of local rule is inter­ esting, particularly because it formed the background to, and in some aspects also the start of, the modern history ofIraq. The literature available on Mamliik rule and tribal power is scarce and unsatisfying in various ways. The best history of 'Ottoman' Iraq is still that of Longrigg, which was written in the 1920's. However, although based on an admirable range of sources, it provides the reader with little more than a political chronology. Generally, the social and political historian of early modern Iraq is confronted with a lack of information of a very basic kind - if indeed he can find any 2 relevant information. For example, there is hardly any information on the Mamliik institution. Only the most scanty evidence exists on the history of the Yanissaris of Baghdad, or on the socio-political history of the lower orders of the town. Again, almost nothing is known about the lower orders of the sedentary rural world.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789400977402
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Culture, Illness, and Healing, Studies in Comparative Cross-Cultural Research 3
    Serie: Culture, Illness and Healing 3
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    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Humanities ; Logic ; Anthropology
    Kurzfassung: 1: Introduction -- 1.1. The Study -- 1.2. The Setting -- 1.3. Methodology -- 1.4. Theoretical Perspectives on Health Care Decisions -- 2: The Cultural Context of Therapeutic Choice -- 2.1. Bariba Conceptions of the Order of the Universe -- 2.2. Diagnosis and Treatment -- 2.3. Divination -- 2.4. The Use of Substances -- 2.5. Medicines -- 3: Beliefs and Practices Surrounding Reproductive Processes -- 3.1. Menstruation and Clitoridectomy -- 3.2. Conception -- 3.3. Development of Fetus -- 3.4. Contraception -- 3.5. Abortion -- 3.6. Sterility -- 4: Status Among the Bariba: The Roles and Responsibilities of Women -- 4.1. Status in Bariba Society -- 4.2. Position of Women -- 4.3. Economic Subsistence -- 4.4. Political Arena -- 4.5. Domestic Relations -- 4.6. Household Responsibilities -- 5: Sociological and Career Attributes of Midwives -- 5.1. Healers: Midwives and Medicine People -- 5.2. Implications of Role Expectations for Birth Assistance -- 5.3. Recruitment of Matrones and Method of Skill Acquisition -- 5.4. Sources of Medical Knowledge -- 5.5. Matrones Own Reproductive Histories -- 5.6. Age at Unsupervised Delivery -- 5.7. Assistance at Own Child’s Delivery -- 5.8. Remuneration -- 5.9. Comprehensive Care by Matrones -- 5.10. Pregnancy Counseling -- 5.11. Matrone’s Role Variability -- 5.12. Spirit Possession -- 5.13. Inheritance of Spirits -- 5.14. Healing and Sambani -- 5.15. The Matrone Prototype -- 6: The Meaning of Efficacy in Relation to Obstetrical Care Preferences -- 7: Birth Assistance in the Rural Area: Patterns of Delivery Assistance -- 7.1. Delivery Assistance: Patterns of Selection in the Rural Area -- 7.2. Midwifery as a Therapeutic System -- 7.3. Structured Interviews with Matrones -- 8: Client-Practitioner Encounters -- 8.1.1. The Case of Adama -- 8.1.2. The Case of Sako -- 8.1.3. The Case of the Prolapsed Cord -- 8.1.4. The Case of the Terrifying Breech 120 -- 8.1.5 The Case of Bona -- 8.2. Pain as a Cultural Phenomenon -- 8.3. Pregnancy (by Nicole) -- 8.4. Conclusion -- 9: Utilization of National Health Services for Maternity Care in the District of Kouande -- 9.1. Clinic vs. Home Delivery: A Pehunko Sample -- 9.2. Utilization of the Pehunko Dispensary -- 9.3. Pehunko Women at the Kouande Maternity Clinic -- 9.4. The Kouande Maternity Clinic: General Utilization -- 10: Conclusion -- 10.1. Implications of the Bariba Study for the Cross-Cultural Study of Midwifery -- 10.2. The Involvement of Indigenous Midwives in National Health Systems -- 10.3. Training Programs -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Demographic Data -- Appendix B: Female Circumcision Songs -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: This book examines the factors influencing women's choices of obstetrical care in a Bariba community in the People's Republic of Benin, West Africa. When selecting a research topic, I decided to investigate health care among the Bariba for several reasons. First, I had served as a Peace Corps Volunteer in northern Benin (then Dahomey) and had established a network of contacts in the region. In addition, I had worked for a year as assistant manager of a pharmacy in a northern town and had become interested in the pattern of utilization of health care services by urban residents. This three-year residence proved an invaluable asset in preparing and conducting research in the northern region. In particular, I was able to establish relationships with several indigenous midwives whose families I already knew both from prior research experience and mutual friend­ ships. These relationships enabled me to obtain detailed information regarding obstetrical practice and thus form the foundation of this book. The fieldwork upon which the book is directly based was conducted between June 1976 and December 1977 and sponsored by the F ord-Rockefeller Popula­ tion Policy Program, the Social Science Research Council, the National Science Foundation, and the FUlbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Program. The Ford-Rockefeller Population Policy Program funded the project as a collab­ oration between myself and Professor Eusebe Alihonou, Professor Agrege (Gynecologie-Obstetrique) at the National University of Benin.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789401091800
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (764p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Culture, Illness, and Healing, Studies in Comparative Cross-Cultural Research 5
    Serie: Culture, Illness and Healing 5
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    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Kurzfassung: Anthropology in Health Science Settings -- Section I. Clinically Applied Anthropology Teaching -- Medical Anthropology in a Preclinical Curriculum -- The Ethnographic Mode of Teaching Clinical Behavioral Science -- Clinically Applied Anthropology on a Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Service -- Anthropology in Nursing: An Exploration of Adaptation -- New Approaches to Old Problems: Interactions of Culture and Nutrition -- Witch Doctor’s Legacy: Some Anthropological Implications for the Practice of Clinical Medicine -- Section II: Clinically Applied Anthropology Research -- Research Strategies, Structural Alterations, and Clinically Relevant Anthropology -- Knowledge and Practice: Anthropological Ideas and Psychiatric Practice -- Patient Requests in Primary Care Clinics -- The Meaning of Hypertension -- An Approach to the Resolution of Mexican-American Resistance to Diagnostic and Remedial Pediatric Heart Care -- Illness Maintenance and the New American Sick Role -- Long Term Psychiatric Clients in an American Community: Some Sociocultural Factors in Chronic Mental Illness -- Social Institutions and Disease Transmission -- Author Index.
    Kurzfassung: like other collections of papers related to a single topic, this volume arose out of problem-sharing and problem-solving discussions among some of the authors. The two principal recurring issues were (1) the difficulties in translating anthropo­ logical knowledge so that our students could use it and (2) the difficulties of bringing existing medical anthropology literature to bear on this task. As we talked to other anthropologists teaching in other parts of the country and in various health-related schools, we recognized that our problems were similar. Similarities in our solutions led the Editors to believe that publication of our teaching experi­ ences and research relevant to teaching would help others and might begin the process of generating principles leading to a more coherent approach. Our colleagues supported this idea and agreed to contribute. What we agreed to write about was 'Clinically Applied Anthropology'. Much of what we were doing and certainly much of the relevant literature was applied anthropology. And our target group was composed-mostly of clinicians. The utility of the term became apparent after 1979 when another set of anthropologists began to discuss 'ainical Anthropology'. They too recognized the range of novel be­ haviors available to anthropologists in the health science arena and chose to focus on the clinical use of anthropology. We see this as an important endeavor, but very different from what we are proposing.
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  • 90
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    ISBN: 9789400974425
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (404p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H. L. Van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 84
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 84
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Kurzfassung: I: Das Werk Alexander Pfänders und Seine Bedeutung Beiträge Aus Dem Internationalen Kongress „Die Münchener Phänomenologie“ 13.–18. April 1971 -- Epoché und Reduktion bei Pfänder und Husserl -- Alexander Pfänders ethische Wert- und Sollenslehre -- Die Psychiatrie und Alexander Pfänders phänomenologische Psychologie -- Alexander Pfänders Nachlaßtexte über das virtuelle Psychische -- Phénoménologie du vouloir et approche par le langage ordinaire -- Aus der Diskussion (zu W. Trillhaas und P. Ricoeur) -- II: Weitere Beiträge Zur Philosophie Pfänders -- „Münchener Phänomenologie“— Zur Frühgeschichte des Begriffs -- Bewußtseinsforschung und Bewußtsein in Pfänders Phänomenologie des Wollens -- Verstehende Psychologie -- Die Idee einer phänomenologischen Anthropologic und Pfänders verstehende Psychologie des Menschen -- Alexander Pfänders Grundriß der Charakterologie -- Zur Sinnklärung, Unterscheidung und gemeinsamen Grundlage der Sätze des ausgeschlossenen Dritten und des Widerspruchs -- „Linguistische Phanomenologie“: John L. Austin und Alexander Pfänder -- Phänomenologie und Ontologie in Alexander Pfänders Philosophie auf phänomenologischer Grundlage -- III: Neue Texte Aus Dem Nachlass -- Selbstanzeige für Die Seele des Menschen -- Imperativenlehre -- IV: Persönliche Zeugnisse Über Pfänder, Den Menschen Und Lehrer -- Vorbemerkung von Herbert Spiegelberg -- V: Aus Dem Briefwechsel Husserl - Pfänder -- Vorbemerkung der Herausgeber -- Lebensdaten -- Bibliographie -- Nachlaßubersicht -- Namenverzeichnis.
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  • 91
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    ISBN: 9789401095396
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Outline Studies in Biology
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Gross anatomy and physiology -- 2.1 Muscle types -- 2.2 Physiological states -- 2.3 Activation -- 2.4 Physiological performance -- 2.5 Fuel and energetics -- 3 Muscle cells -- 3.1 Striated muscle -- 3.2 Sliding filament theory -- 3.3 Membrane systems -- 3.4 Fibre preparations -- 3.5 Unstriated muscle -- 4 Protein components -- 4.1 Proteins of the myofibril -- 4.2 Actin -- 4.3 Myosin -- 4.4 Actin—myosin interactions -- 5 Mechanism of ATP hydrolysis -- 5.1 Kinetic analysis -- 5.2 Myosin ATPase -- 5.3 Actin activation -- 6 Molecular basis of contraction -- 6.1 What makes filaments slide? -- 6.2 Electron microscope studies -- 6.3 X-ray diffraction studies -- 6.4 Mechanical transients -- 6.5 Mechanochemical coupling -- 7 Molecular basis of regulation -- 7.1 Role of calcium -- 7.2 Actin-linked regulation -- 7.3 Myosin-linked regulation -- 7.4 Multiple regulatory systems -- 8 Problems and prospects -- References.
    Kurzfassung: The student of biolo,gical science in his final years as an undergraduate and his first years as a graduate is expected to gain some familiarity with current research at the frontiers of his discipline. New research work is published in a perplexing diversity of publications and is inevitably concerned with the minutiae of the subject. The sheer number of research journals and papers also causes confusion and difficulties of assimilation. Review articles usually presuppose a background knowledge of the field and are inevitably rather restricted in scope. There is thus a need for short but authoritative introductions to those areas of modern biological research which are either not dealt with in standard introductory textbooks or are not dealt with in sufficient detail to enable the student to go on from them to read scholarly reviews with profit. This series of books is designed to satisfy this need. The authors have been asked to produce a brief outline of their subject assuming that their readers will have read and remembered much of a standard introductory textbook of biology. This outline then sets out to provide by building on this basis, the conceptual framework within which modern research work is progressing and aims to give the reader an indication of the problems, both conceptual and practical, which must be overcome if progress is to be maintained.
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  • 92
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    ISBN: 9789400976894
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (248p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston College Studies in Philosophy 9
    Serie: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 9
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Dualism in Chinese Thought and Society -- The historical Shaping of Mao Zedong’s Political Thought -- Mao’s Vision for China -- Probing China’s Soul -- Some Reflections on Mao Zedong’s Thought -- Secularism and Religion in China: The Problem of Transcendence -- Whither Contemporary Chinese Philosophy: Confucianism, Communism, or Christianity? -- On the Possibility of a Future Philosophical Dialogue between China and the West.
    Kurzfassung: The idea of the present sixth volume in the Boston Col­ lege Studies in Philosophy entitled "Contemporary Chinese Philosophy" was conceived by the editor several years ago, before the current resumption of Chinese­ American political and economic amity occurred offi­ cially. Several preceding volumes in this series had studied various aspects of Marxism especially Soviet Marxism. Possibilities for dialogue between Christians and Marxists were discussed not only in the series but elsewhere too in various philosophical journals and books through the sixties and seventies. It was only a natural outcome then to wonder about the same possi­ bilities in regard to Chinese Marxism. Hence I sent off to many potential contributors - scholars in the field - the following proposal seeking papers for a volume on Contemporary Chinese Philosophy. The themes that should constitute the content of the articles were as follows: 1. How rigidly do contemporary Chinese adhere to Marxism-Leninism? Naturally this means principally the educated persons, but it might include the non-academic segment of the peop. le. By Marxism-Leninism here, J mean the contemporary Soviet brand. Hence, I do not. mean Marx's early writings or the developments of people like Kolakowski. 2 . Are they constrained to think in a kind of hori­ zontal materialism or are they open to a species of transcendence that might include the God problem or a belief in another life after this one on earth? 3.
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  • 93
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    ISBN: 9789400973800
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Public Choice 4
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    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Political science.
    Kurzfassung: I Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: The Conceptual Controversy Framed -- 1 Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions -- 2 Political Disequilibrium and Scientific Inquiry: A Comment on William H. Riker’s “Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions” -- 3 An Altimeter for Mr. Escher’s Stairway: A Comment on William H. Riker’s “Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions” -- 4 A Reply to Ordeshook and Rae -- II Alternative Views of Political Equilibrium -- 5 Equilibrium, Disequilibrium, and the General Possibility of a Science of Politics -- 6 The Limitations of Equilibrium Analysis in Political Science -- 7 Instability and Development in the Political Economy -- 8 On the Properties of Stable Decision Procedures -- 9 An Experimental Test of Solution Theories for Cooperative Games in Normal Form -- III Equilibrium Analysis in Practice -- 10 Political Inequality: An Economic Approach -- 11 Sophisticated Voting under the Plurality Procedure -- 12 The Role of Imperfections of Health Insurance in Voter Support for Safety Regulation -- 13 The Entry Problem in a Political Race -- References -- List of Contributors.
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  • 94
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    ISBN: 9789400975736
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L Van Breda Et Publiée sous Le Patronage Des Centres D’ Archives - Husserl 89
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 89
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- 2. Husserl’s Thesis that Consciousness Is World-Constitutive and Its Demonstration -- A. Husserl’s Thesis -- B. The Idea of a Demonstration of the Thesis -- 3. The Motivating Problem -- 4. Acquiring the Idea of Pure Transcendental Consciousness -- A. The Thesis of the Natural Attitude -- B. The Psychological Investigation of Consciousness and the Argument that Consciousness Constitutes the World -- 5. The Entry into the Transcendental Realm -- A. The Phenomenological Epoche and Reduction -- B. Constitution and Constitutive Analysis -- C. Summary -- 6. Transcendental Illusion -- A. The Meaning of “Transcendental Illusion” -- B. Realism and Idealism in Husserl’s Philosophy -- C. Husserl’s Demonstration of the Existence of the Possibility of Transcendental Illusion -- 7. Conclusion: Toward a New Introduction to Phenomenology.
    Kurzfassung: There is a remarkable unity to the work of Edmund Husserl, but there are also many difficulties in it. The unity is the result of a single personal and philo­ sophical quest working itself out in concrete phenomenological analyses; the difficulties are due to the inadequacy of initial conceptions which becomes felt as those analyses become progressively deeper and more extensive. ! Anyone who has followed the course of Husserl's work is struck by the constant reemergence of the same problems and by the insightfulness of the inquiries which press toward their solution. However one also becomes aware of Husserl's own dissatisfaction with his work, once so movingly expressed in a 2 personal note. It is the purpose of the present work to examine and revive one of the issues which gave Husserl difficulty, namely, the problem of an intro­ duction to phenomenology. Several of Husserl's writings published after Logical Investigations were either subtitled or referred to by him as "introductions to phenomenology. "3 These works serve to acquaint the reader with the specific character of Husserl's transcendental phenomenology and with the problems to which it is to provide the solution. They include discussions and analyses which pertain to what has come to be known as "ways" into transcendental phenomenology. 4 The issue here is the proper access to transcendental phenomenology.
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  • 95
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    ISBN: 9789400978133
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series In the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 30
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library 30
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    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Kurzfassung: 1/Comparison of Approaches to Social Choice -- 2/Intensity of Preferences and Cardinal Utility -- 3/Unsatisfactoriness of Ordinal Methods in Dealing with Problems of Social Choice -- 4/A System of Axioms for Cardinal Utility -- 5/A More General System of Axioms for Cardinal Utility -- 6/An Abstract Model of Society -- 7/Social Decision Functions -- 8/A Theorem Proving the Unsatisfactoriness of the Ordinal Approach to Social Choice -- 9/Strengthening the Theorem Proved in Chapter 8: Informal Discussion -- 10/Unsatisfactoriness of the Ordinal Approach to Social Choice: Further Results -- 11/ Justifying the Use of Ordinal Methods -- 12/Conclusion -- Appendix 1 /The Utility Differences Approach to Cardinal Utility -- Appendix 2/The Expected Utility Approach to Cardinal Utility -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: A model is an idealization. It is an abstract representation of a given perceived reality. To construct a model one abstracts from the unimportant features of that reality and replaces it by a formal structure, whose properties, explicitly assumed or logically de­ ducible from the stated assumptions, correspond to the interesting relationships of the reality being studied. The purpose of constructing a model is twofold: first, to help better understand a complex reality; second, to help make pre­ dictions with regard to still unobserved phenomena. The first purpose will be satisfied if the constructor of the model is able to identify and disregard the unimportant features of the reality being studied and replaces this reality by an easier to understand formal structure. By applying then the techniques of mathematics and logic to this formal structure we might be able to reach conclusions with regard to still unobserved phenomena, which will be of help in making predictions.
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  • 96
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    ISBN: 9789401092203
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (428p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Culture, Illness, and Healing, Studies in Comparative Cross-Cultural Research 4
    Serie: Culture, Illness and Healing 4
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    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Public health.
    Kurzfassung: Section I: Cultural Conceptions of the Person and Health -- 1. Introduction: Cultural Conceptions in Mental Health Research and Practice -- 2. Culture and Psychiatric Illness: Biomedical and Ethnomedical Aspects -- 3. The Ethnographic Study of Cultural Knowledge of “Mental Disorder” -- 4. Does the Concept of the Person Vary Cross-Culturally? -- Section II: Cultural Conceptions of Mental Disorder -- 5. Toward a Meaning-Centered Analysis of Popular Illness Categories: “Fright- Illness” and “Heart Distress” in Iran -- 6. Cultural Definitions, Behavior and the Person in American Psychiatry -- 7. Samoan Folk Knowledge of Mental Disorders -- 8. Popular Conceptions of Mental Health in Japan -- 9. Science and Psychological Medicine in the Ayurvedic Tradition -- Section III: Cultural Conceptions of Therapy -- 10. The Unbounded Self: Balinese Therapy in Theory and Practice -- 11. Self-Reconstruction in Japanese Religious Psychotherapy -- 12. Psychotherapy and Emotion in Traditional Chinese Medicine -- 13. Shaman-Client Interchange in Okinawa: Performative Stages in Shamanic Therapy -- 14. Sunao: A Central Value in Japanese Psychotherapy -- Section IV: Issues and Directions -- 15. The Intercultural Context of Counseling and Therapy -- 16. Culture and Mental Health: An Overview -- List of Contributors -- Author Index.
    Kurzfassung: Within the past two decades, there has been an increased interest in the study of culture and mental health relationships. This interest has extended across many academic and professional disciplines, including anthropology, psychology, sociology, psychiatry, public health and social work, and has resulted in many books and scientific papers emphasizing the role of sociocultural factors in the etiology, epidemiology, manifestation and treatment of mental disorders. It is now evident that sociocultural variables are inextricably linked to all aspects of both normal and abnormal human behavior. But, in spite of the massive accumulation of data regarding culture and mental health relationships, sociocultural factors have still not been incorporated into existing biological and psychological perspectives on mental disorder and therapy. Psychiatry, the Western medical specialty concerned with mental disorders, has for the most part continued to ignore socio-cultural factors in its theoretical and applied approaches to the problem. The major reason for this is psychiatry's continued commitment to a disease conception of mental disorder which assumes that mental disorders are largely biologically-caused illnesses which are universally represented in etiology and manifestation. Within this perspective, mental disorders are regarded as caused by universal processes which lead to discrete and recognizable symptoms regardless of the culture in which they occur. However, this perspective is now the subject of growing criticism and debate.
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  • 97
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    ISBN: 9789400977020
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 31
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 31
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Scales of Measurement -- Some Logical Problems Suggested by Empirical Theories -- Comments on ‘Some Logical Problems Suggested by Empirical Theories’ by Professor Dalla Chaiara -- A Methodology without Methodological Rules -- Truth, Fallibility and the Growth of Knowledge -- Fallible Is as Fallible Does: Comments on Professor Levi’s Paper -- Knowledge in Pursuit of Knowledge — A Few Worries: Comments on Professor Levi’s Paper -- Response to Scheffler -- Response to Margalit -- Rejoinder to Levi’s Reply -- A Category-Theoric Approach to Systems in a Fuzzy World -- Natural Languages and Formal Languages and Formal Languages: A Tenable Dualism -- The Problem of Vague Predicates -- Peirce and Pearson: Pragmatism vs. Instrumentalism -- Theory of Propensity: A New Foundation of Logic -- Gödel’s Theorems and Church’s Thesis: A Prologue to mechanism -- The Non-traditional Theory of Quantifiers -- Dialogue: How Do We Know What Others Mean and Why? -- Towards a Richer Theory of Dialogue: Comments of Professor Rivetti Barbòs Paper -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: Fundamental problems of the uses of formal techniques and of natural and instrumental practices have been raised again and again these past two decades, in many quarters and from varying viewpoints. We have brought a number of quite basic studies of these issues together in this volume, not linked con­ ceptually nor by any rigorously defined problematic, but rather simply some of the most interesting and even provocative of recent research accomplish­ ments. Most of these papers are derived from the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science during 1973-80, the two exceptions being those of Karel Berka (on scales of measurement) and A. A. Zinov'ev (on a non-tradi­ tional theory of quantifiers). Just how intriguing these results (or conjectures?) seem to us may be seen from some brief quotations: (1) Judson Webb: " . . . . the abstract machine concept has many of the appropriate kinds of properties for modelling living, reproducing, rule­ following, self-reflecting, accident-prone, and lucky creatures . . . the a priori logical results relevant to the abstract machine concept, above all Godel's, could not conceivably have turned out any better for the mechanist. " (2) M. L. Dalla Chiara: " . . . modal interpretation (of quantum logic) shows clearly that it possesses a logical meaning which is quite independent of quantum mechanics. " (3) Isaac Levi: (as against Peirce and Popper) " . . . infallibilism is con­ sistent with corrigibilism, and a view which respects avoidance of error is an important desideratum for science.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789401095594
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (247p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: North American Social Report 5
    Serie: Social Indicators Research Programmes 5
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    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Kurzfassung: 12: Economics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Goals -- 3. National accounts -- 4. Gross national product -- 5. Manufacturing productivity -- 6. Income and saving -- 7. Equity, equality, and efficiency -- 8. Male, female living standards -- 9. Earnings gaps -- 10. Gini coefficients and wealth -- 11. Corporate concentration -- 12. Inflation -- 13. Taxes -- 14. Work and unemployment -- 15. Poverty -- 16. Bankruptcy -- 17. Balance of payments -- 18. Net public debt -- 19. Foreign direct investment -- 20. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- 13: Religion -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Religion in life -- 3. Reason and compassion -- 4. Indicator limitations -- 5. Affiliation and attendance -- 6. Beliefs -- 7. Influence, confidence, and significance -- 8. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures and Charts -- 14: Morality and Social Customs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Marriage -- 3. Families -- 4. Divorce -- 5. Personal problems and future -- 6. National problems -- 7. Tastes -- 8. Prejudice -- 9. Happiness -- 10. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- 15: Conclusion -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: For readers who intend to read this volume without reading the first, some in­ troductory remarks are in order about the scope of the work and the strategy used in all five volumes to measure the qUality of life. In the frrst chapter of Volume I, I reviewed the relevant recent literature on social indicators and so­ cial reporting, and explained all the general difficulties involved in such work. It would be redundant to repeat that discussion here, but there are some fundamental points that are worth mentioning. Readers who fmd this account too brief should consult the longer discussion. The basic question that will be answered in this work is this: Is there a difference in the quality of life in Canada and the United States of America, and if so, in which country is it better? Alternatively, one could put the question thus: If one individual were randomly selected out of Canada and another out of the United States, would there be important qualitative differences, and if so, which one would probably be better off? To simplify matters, I often use the terms 'Canadian' and 'American' as abbreviations for 'a randomly selected resident' of Canada or the United States, respec­ tively.
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  • 99
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    ISBN: 9789400975446
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Comparative Studies in Overseas History 4
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: I: Introduction -- 1. Reflections on a Theme -- II: Ideology -- 2. Racism in Europe -- 3. Colour Prejudice and the Yardstick of Civility: the Initial Dutch Confrontation with Black Africans, 1590–1635 -- 4. Racism from the enlightenment to the Age of Imperialism -- 5. The French Colonial Empire and the French World-View -- III: Social Structure -- 6. Pre-industrial and Industrial Racial Stratification in South Africa -- 7. Race and Class in the Post-emancipation Caribbean -- IV: The Acceptance of Ideology -- 8. Race and Tribe in Southern Africa: European Ideas and African Acceptance -- 9. Ethnicity and Racialism in Colonial Indian Society -- 10. From Peau Noire to Po’ White -- V: Conclusion -- 11. Racism and the Structure of Colonial Societies -- Notes on the Contributors.
    Kurzfassung: 1. REFLECTIONS ON A THEME by ROBERT ROSS This book, the fourth in the series Comparative Studies in Overseas History, and, like its predecessors, the product of a symposium held by the Leiden Centre for the History of European Expansion, is organised around a single theme, the relationship between the ideological structures of domination and oppression that have come to be called racism and the political and economic ones which grew out of Europe's conquering and ruling much of the rest of the world. By racism, we mean those systems of thought in which group characteristics of human beings, of a non-somatic nature, are considered to be fixed by principles of descent and in which, in general, physical attributes (other than those of sex) are the main sign by which characteristics are attributed. In addition, almost by definition, the systems of thought entailed in this require that there is a hierarchy of the various races, and that those people in the lower ranks of that hierarchy are seriously disadvantaged, at least if the proponents of racist thought are able to impose their will on the society in which they live. ! The exclusion of the discrimination of women from the concept of racism should not be thought as entailing that racist and sexist ideas do not have much in common, since both derive from essentially biological determinism, and indeed 2 racist societies have historically almost invariably been strongly sexist.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789400976979
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Bibliografische Reeks van het Nederlands Historisch Genootschap 1
    Serie: Historical Research in the Low Countries 1970-1975 1
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    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: Survey of Recent Dutch Historiography from: Acta Hisatoriae Neerlandicae VI (1973) -- Works in English on Netherlands History published in 1970 and 1971 listed chronologically from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VI -- Belgian Historiography written in Dutch 1969–1971 from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VI -- Survey of Recent Dutch Historiography from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VII (1974) -- Works in English on Netherlands History published in 1970, 1971 and 1972 from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VII -- Belgian Historiography written in Dutch 1971–1973 from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VII -- Survey of Recent Historical Works on Belgium and the Netherlands Published in Dutch from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VIII (1975) -- Recent Works on the History of the Low Countries Published in English from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae VIII -- Survey of Recent Historical Works on Belgium and the Netherlands Published in Dutch from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae IX (1976) -- Select List of Recent Works in the History of the Low Countries Published in English from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae IX -- Survey of Recent Historical Works on Belgium and the Netherlands Published in Dutch from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae X (1977) -- Select List of Recent Works on the History of the Low Countries Published in English from: Acta Historiae Neerlandicae X -- Inde -- A. Surveys -- Books and Articles -- Authors -- B. Lists of Works Published in English -- Books and Articles -- Authors.
    Kurzfassung: The five review articles included in this volume were produced by the Dutch History Seminar of the University of London with the assistance of several Belgian and Dutch historians. They first appeared in the volumes VI-X of the Acta Historiae Neerlandicae (in 1978 renamed The Low Countries History Yearbook), a periodical published by the Dutch Historical Society with the objective of bringing new pUblications on the history of the Low Countries in the Dutch language to the attention of English-speaking historians. These articles have been republished and provided with indexes in the hope that in this form they will also prove to be useful to students of Belgian and Dutch history who have not been regular readers of the Acta. Should this pUblication be favourably received a subsequent volume covering the years 1976-1981 may be issued. THE EDITORS VII Survey of recent Dutch Historiography ALICE C. CARTER, Editor INTRODUCTION This bibliographical article has been put together by members of the Dutch history seminar held at London University's Institute of Historical Research. The article is intended for non-Dutch-reading scholars and indeed all who are interested in Netherlands history. An attempt has been made, and will continue to be made, to survey important works published in the year previous to that in which the article is drawn up. This year we have concerned ourselves with books or in the earlier part of 1971.
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