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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (221)
  • 2015-2019  (221)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994
  • 2016  (221)
  • World Bank Group  (221)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Connecting Green Technology Entrepreneurs : Implications for Public Program Design (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In face of growing concern related to climate change, green technology entrepreneurs are critically needed to develop the businesses and ideas behind climate mitigation in developing countries - but they frequently collide with challenges endemic to such environments. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the role that connections can play in helping green technology entrepreneurs innovate and scale up in developing countries, so as to inform the design of new public sector programs. Green technology entrepreneurs in developing countries need connection platforms for people, ideas, business models, transactions, as well as membership of expert communities. This study shows how cheaper, quicker, and more efficient connections can be created among stakeholders of green technology innovation in developing countries. This is done through drawing insights from a variety of public and private programs that seek to promote connections between entrepreneurs in green technology and other sectors. The report is based on 14 case studies of different programs spanning more than 80 countries. The general findings are presented in part one and insights from the individual case studies can be found in part two
    DOI: 10.1596/24773
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Competition in the GCC SME Lending Markets : An Initial Assessment (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have articulated a vision for sustainable economic development that highlights the need to diversify the productive base to reduce dependence on the hydrocarbon sector and create more employment opportunities for their young and growing population. This report analyzes how some key rules and regulations as well as institutional arrangements for the enforcement of competition law in the GCC may affect competition in the Small and medium enterprise (SME) lending markets. The findings of this report have several policy implications. This report identifies a number of areas where relevant regulations and institutional frameworks may impede competition in GCC SME lending markets, and require further investigation. Specific topics explored in this study include (i) restrictions to competition resulting from banking sector rules and regulations; (ii) the exercise of discretion by relevant institutions; and (iii) the role of institutional arrangements for the enforcement of competition law prohibitions and merger control. This assessment of the competition in the GCC's SME lending markets proceeds as follows: Chapter 2 presents the SME banking markets in the GCC by discussing the number and ownership patterns of banks, and evaluating measures of concentration and market power. Chapter 3 presents the results of an initial screening of selected areas of regulatory intervention that affect SME lending markets. Chapter 4 evaluates the effectiveness of competition laws in the GCC countries. Chapter 5 concludes by highlighting areas where further analytical work may be warranted
    DOI: 10.1596/25404
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Local Governments in Promoting Local Economic Development in Uganda (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: While Uganda has a long history of decentralized service delivery, and has instituted Local Economic Development (LED) as an additional mandate for local governments (LGs), there has been less progress in operationalizing the concept and practically implementing it across LGs in Uganda. In addition to their basic service delivery functions enshrined in the Local Governments Act of 1997, since 2006 LGs are also mandated by various policy documents to play a role in wealth creation, and increasing citizens' income levels. While the Government of Uganda (GoU)'s LED Policy does outline the strategic intervention areas that LGs should implement, there is still considerable confusion among LG staff as to what this entails on a day to day basis and there has been limited progress in implementation. At the request of the MoLG, the World Bank, therefore, commissioned this assignment in support of the Government of Uganda (GoU's) efforts to improve the capacities of LGs for promoting LED. The study focused on assessing three localities (Jinja Municipality, and Arua and Nwoya Districts), both in terms of their local economic potentials and enabling environment for business, as well as in terms of the institutional and policy context for promoting LED. The study used quantitative methodologies, to identify promising economic sectors in the three localities, as well as qualitative methodologies to identify the main constraints that those sectors currently face
    DOI: 10.1596/25359
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Mexico Financial Sector Assessment ProgramSistema de pagos Electonicos Interbancarios -- Assessment of Observance of the CPMI-IOSCO Principles for Financial Market Infrastructure (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Sistema de Pagos Electranicos Interbancarios (SPEI) is an important pillar of a complex payment and securities settlement infrastructure, through which the payments of various markets are settled with finality. In 2015, SPEI processed transactions for the equivalent of 10 times the country's gross domestic product (GDP). It is supported by well-founded legal basis, and sound governance arrangements. It has developed a comprehensive risk management approach with an emphasis on operational risk management. At the same time, a few areas and opportunities for improvement have been noted in this report in light of enhancing principles for financial market infrastructures (PFMI) observance. This assessment was undertaken in the context of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) - World Bank (WB) financial sector assessment program (FSAP) to Mexico in April and May 2016. The objective of the assessment has been to identify potential risks related to the FMI that may affect financial stability. While safe and efficient FMIs contribute to maintaining and promoting financial stability and economic growth, they may also concentrate risk. If not properly managed, FMIs can be sources of financial shocks, such as liquidity dislocations and credit losses, or a major channel through which these shocks are transmitted across domestic and international financial markets
    DOI: 10.1596/28602
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Afghanistan Systematic Country Diagnostic (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Afghanistan is a deeply fragile and conflict affected state. It has been in almost constant conflict for over 35 years since the Soviet invasion of 1979. Today the country is at a crossroads in its development with economic growth down sharply and poverty incidence stubbornly high. Afghanistan faces tremendous development challenges. Gross domestic product (GDP) per-capita is among the lowest in the world, poverty is deep and widespread, and social indicators are still at very low levels. The new government has declared its commitment to address Afghanistan's development challenges, through its paper realizing self-reliance: commitments to reforms and renewed partnership presented at the London conference in December 2014. The purpose of this systematic country diagnostic (SCD) is to provide an evidence-based diagnostic within an objective framework to help in the identification of development priorities. Countries in conflict often face rapidly evolving circumstances and flexibility to adjust quickly is a necessity. The SCD is thus intended to set forth a broad and flexible framework for thinking about choices, prioritization, and sequencing
    DOI: 10.1596/23955
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Bulgaria Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes : Insolvency and Creditor-Debtor Regimes (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Insolvency Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The World Bank Group assessed the insolvency and creditor/debtor regimes ('ICR') of Bulgaria pursuant to the joint IMF/World Bank initiative on the observance of standards and codes ('ROSC'). The assessment has been undertaken on the basis of the ICR Standard. The conclusions in this assessment are based on a review of the legislation, and other regulations and procedures relevant to bankruptcy, restructuring, the creation and enforcement of pledges and other security interests over immovable and movable property, and debt enforcement. The Bulgarian legal framework governing creditor/debtor relationships provides several means for protecting credit and minimizing the risks of non-performance and default. However, the laws and institutions governing security rights over both immovable and movable assets need improvement. The bankruptcy legislation is rather comprehensive but in practice insolvency proceedings are not working effectively. This report tries to contribute to the authorities' efforts aimed at continuing and further improving the laws and institutions related to credit relationships
    DOI: 10.1596/27993
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Modernization and Commercialization of Armenian Agriculture : Priorities for Sector Reform and Investment (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The study focuses on themes and areas that have been identified as highly relevant for the modernization and commercialization of the agriculture sector. The study originally aimed to review: agricultural marketing, processing and exports; food safety; agricultural 'cooperation, including farmers' groups; agricultural extension and agricultural insurance. This coverage was subsequently modified to: (i) avoid repetition of existing work; (ii) draw more extensively on WBG experience in other countries; (iii) address relevant long-term issues more directly; and (iv) to inform discussion of relevant issues on which little information was available. The proposed review of marketing, processing and exports, an area that has already been well studied - was thus replaced with a review of global experience in developing successful export-led agricultural industries. Similarly, the study of agricultural 'cooperation,' an area also widely studied, was replaced with an analysis of agricultural land markets. Both 'cooperation' and land markets are highly pertinent to the need to increase farm size to improve competitiveness. Land markets offer a more structural, long-term response to this problem, however, a response that so far has received little attention. Finally, an analysis of public expenditure on agriculture was added to provide insight into public expenditure on long-term versus short-term sector objectives. The review outlines the elements of a long-term framework based on building a cluster-based, institutional framework for horticultural exports, and suggests the need to prioritize associated development of agricultural extension, food safety, agricultural land markets and agricultural risk management. Horticulture is viewed as a vector for modernization and commercialization, due to its demonstrated potential for exports. The proposed framework would drive growth and change throughout the sector, however, due to the sector-wide impact of support for extension, food safety, land markets and risk management
    DOI: 10.1596/27989
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Europe and Central Asia Country Risk Profiles for Floods and Earthquakes (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Country Risk Profiles for floods and earthquakes presented in this publication are based on quantitative risk assessments derived using global flood and earthquake models.Flood and earthquake risk were defined in terms of affected population and affected gross domestic product (GDP). Earthquake risk was quantified in terms of fatalities and capital loss. Estimates of future population and GDP affected by earthquakes vary significantly among five shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) used to represent population and GDP in 2030 and 2080. The objectives are to inform governments of the levels of risk their countries face and facilitate discussions on how they can become more resilient to both and current risks
    DOI: 10.1596/25858
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  • 9
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    Botswana Mining Investment and Governance Review (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mining, Oil and Gas
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Botswana Mining Investment and Governance Review (MInGov) collects and shares information on mining sector governance, its attractiveness to investors and how its activities affect national development. It reviews sector performance from the perspective of three main stakeholder groups "government, investors in the mining value chain and civil society" and identifies gaps between declared and actual government policy and practice. The reviews findings are: Performance across the minerals value chain is better in the latter stages related to investment, accumulation, and expenditure of mineral revenue. The mining policy and legal framework are largely sound. The environmental protection legislation is quite current and mostly based on 'good practice' except for access to Environmental Impact Assessments. Land use issues, including resettlement and compensation, require a more inclusive process and stronger legislated framework. A local content policy for the mining industry should be developed with mining sector participation to ensure that both the needs of government and industry are met. Institutions are for the most part staffed with trained, qualified people although sometimes there are not sufficient numbers of staff with the required experience. The top shared priority by all three stakeholder groups is Sector Management and Intragovernmental Coordination. MInGov's methodology focuses on the status of governance and investment conditions in the mining sector from the perspective of stakeholders, and as reportedin primary and secondary sources
    DOI: 10.1596/25225
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Getting Back on Track - Reviving Growth and Securing Prosperity for All : Thailand Systematic Country Diagnostic (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Thailand has made tremendous progress toward the twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Notably, Thailand has achieved these gains despite high political instability, with short-lived constitutions and frequent military coups. However, continued instability could affect future growth and prospects for shared income gains. Moreover, poverty and inequality continue to pose significant challenges. Slower growth than in the past, if it continues, will constrain further progress in reducing poverty and promoting inclusion. The Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) of Thailand identifies paths to foster higher productivity -driven growth and shared prosperity. The SCD aims to help the country, the World Bank Group (WBG), and other partners identify key priority or focus areas for progress toward sustained poverty reduction and shared prosperity. The analysis presented is not limited to areas or sectors where the WBG is currently (or anticipates to be) active but rather focuses on the country's key development challenges and the underlying constraints to meeting the objective of growth leading to shared prosperity and poverty reduction. Where appropriate, the analysis contrasts the experience of Thailand with its neighbors and peers. This SCD is organized as follows. It begins with an overview of the country context, describing some distinctive country features that have affected Thailand's development. It then takes a closer look at economic growth in Thailand, analyzing key trends and the likely prospects for future growth. Against this backdrop, recent progress in reducing poverty and promoting inclusion is examined, with a focus on understanding the factors that drive or constrain inclusive growth. The risks to Thailand's growth and its inclusiveness and sustainability going forward are then discussed. Based on this analysis as well as inputs from extensive consultations with government and other stakeholders, some key priority areas for ensuring strong, inclusive, and sustainable growth in Thailand are proposed
    DOI: 10.1596/26235
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  • 11
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    Fifth Ethiopia Economic Update : Why So Idle? Wages and Employment in a Crowded Labor Market (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Strong economic growth continued in 2014-15, but the drought slowed down Ethiopia's growth to 8 percent in 2015-16. Exports have had their worst performance in the last decade and the current account balance remained large. Inflation is remarkable stable given the recent drought and even declining; it stood at 5.6 percent in October 2016. Understanding the nature of urban labor markets is important for a successful transition to a manufacturing and service-oriented economy and to further reduce poverty. Many urban labor market trends are moving in the right direction although there has been little change in the structure of urban labor markets over time. Although jobs are being created faster than growth in the urban workforce, not enough jobs are being created for those with primary and secondary education. This economic update offers five policy recommendations to enhance urban labor markets: encourage firm creation and firm growth that creates jobs for non-graduates; increase labor productivity in the low-skill population segment by addressing constraints faced by firms in accessing capital (financial and physical) to ensure that the marginal product of labor increases above the nutrition-based wage; invest further in job training and technical training programs to build the skills of those in the job market: both for low-skilled workers to increase their productivity and for those with higher levels of education to increase their skill base; introduce targeted urban safety nets and labor market programs to invest in skills of low skilled employees and the unemployed, and provide financial support to enable their job search; and enhance the use of information communication and technology (ICT) to provide information on job vacancies throughout the city and reduce the cost of job search
    DOI: 10.1596/25747
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  • 12
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    Accelerating Poverty Reduction in Mozambique : Challenges and Opportunities (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Over the past two decades Mozambique enjoyed robust and accelerating economic growth, yet strong economic progress only translated into modest poverty reduction. Not only poverty fell at slower pace than expected but the gains in income and consumption growth are unevenly distributed across the country and across groups of people. Some parts of the country "especially the center and the north" account for a disproportionate share of the poor. Overall, urban provinces tend to have lower poverty rates than rural provinces, particularly those in the central and northern parts of the country. Three factors contribute to the low equity outcomes in Mozambique: (i) unequal access to economic opportunities across regions and income groups; (ii) low productivity and market-based growth in agriculture; and (iii) high vulnerability to weather shocks. Growth could have had a much larger impact on poverty reduction in Mozambique if its effects had not been offset by the observed increase in inequality. Accelerating poverty reduction requires addressing structural factors that undermine the inclusiveness of growth. The returns to growth have to be distributed more widely to invest in the most isolated parts of the country in for these regions to be able to seize the economic opportunities brought about by economic expansion and close the gap with the rest of the country. There is a need to deepen the investments in the human, physical and institutional capital of the country. Finally, given the high exposure of Mozambique to natural disasters, it is necessary to strengthen formal and informal risk management systems to avoid that the living standards of the population are highly influenced by major shocks out of their control
    DOI: 10.1596/25757
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  • 13
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    Zambia Economic Brief, December 2016 : Raising Revenue for Economic Recovery (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Brief includes two sections as following: the World Bank's assessment of recent economic developments and the outlook in the short to medium term, and its analysis of a specific development topic or theme
    DOI: 10.1596/25746
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  • 14
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    Argentina Country Environmental Analysis (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The report is based in the diverse challenges faced by the environment and natural resource sector in Argentina, especially those relating to new challenges in the rural economy, but also by urbanization and industrial development. Steady economic growth, increasing equality, and structural economic transformations fundamentally change the features of environmental challenges - but also how they can be managed to help reverse environmental degradation, and to demonstrate that environmental sustainability, economic growth, and shared prosperity can be mutually supportive goals
    DOI: 10.1596/25775
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  • 15
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    Tax Considerations for Non-Performing Loan Resolution in Croatia (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Croatian banking sector is still burdened with a high portion of Non-Performing Loans, which must be resolved in order to support normalized credit conditions in the economy. With Non-Performing Loans (NPL) amounting to 16.6 of total loans at the end of 2015 and as much as 30 of loans in the corporate sector, Croatia has one of the highest levels of NPLs across the European Union. High stock of NPLs poses a significant strain on the Croatian financial system and resolving NPLs is essential to strengthen the financial system and restore normalized lending. From the perspective of borrowers, resolving unsustainable debt levels and restoring credit is equally vital to business recovery and economic growth. The European Commission Country Report Croatia 2016 highlights that the high stock of NPLs remains a challenge for the banking sector and the Council opinion on the 2016 National Reform Programme of Croatia recommends that the government facilitate the resolution of NPLs, and in particular by improving the tax treatment of the resolution of non-performing loans
    DOI: 10.1596/25761
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  • 16
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    Republic of Senegal Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes : Accounting and Auditing (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Accounting and Auditing Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This 2015 Accounting and Auditing Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC A&A) is the second assessment for Senegal. Its main objectives are to: (i) assess the degree of implementation of the 2005 recommendations and action plan and evaluate their impact on the accounting and auditing profession; and (ii) identify reforms that could be undertaken to further strengthen the accountancy profession and improve the quality of the country's financial information. Senegal is experiencing weak economic growth, attributable on one hand to the economy's vulnerability to domestic and external shocks and, on the other, to structural weaknesses linked in particular to the high costs of transport and energy, as well as an insufficiently attractive business climate. The implementation of the recommendations contained in this report will facilitate improvement in the quality and credibility of financial information in the country. These aspects could be key factors for improving the business climate and boosting investor confidence. This assessment focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the accounting and auditing environment that affect the quality of the financial information produced by private-lawentities for the use of their various external users. It includes a review of legal obligations, as well as the practices observed in the country. The reference framework serving as the basis of comparison for the analysis consisted of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS2), the International Standards on Auditing (ISA3) and the international good practices currently observed in the field of accounting and auditing regulation
    DOI: 10.1596/25713
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  • 17
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    Community Driven Development : A Vision of Poverty Reduction through Empowerment (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Poverty has remained stubbornly high in Africa for decades. Top-down plans and donor driven investment programs have been less than successful. Past experience suggests that decentralization will not work without vibrant, participatory communities. And enhanced participation will at some point need a local government structure for sustainability. The two can evolve together dynamically, strengthening one another. The new vision seeks to put local governments and rural and urban communities in driver's seat, and give them a new set of powers, rights, and obligations. These include: the right to be treated as people with capabilities, not objects of pity; the power to plan, implement, and maintain projects to serve their felt needs; the right to hold politicians and officials accountable; the power to command local bureaucrats instead of being supplicants; the power to hire, pay, and discipline all who provide them with frontline local services like education, health, municipal, and agricultural services; the right to a share of central government revenue; the power to levy user charges and local taxes; the obligation to enable women, ethnic minorities, the poorest, and other long excluded groups to participate fully in economic development; and the obligation to be accountable to local people, not just central governments or donors. To embark on local empowerment, one need first to enunciate its key principles. One can then consider the main elements of a set of interventions to enhance participation and decentralization, tailored to the stage of development in each country
    DOI: 10.1596/25787
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  • 18
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    Biodiversity Offsets : A User Guide (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Biodiversity represents the variety of life on Earth, including the full range of ecosystems, species, and genes. Biodiversity conservation efforts to date have achieved a great deal to help secure the continued functioning of many threatened ecosystems and the survival of numerous species. Biodiversity offsets can: (i) improve the conservation outcomes from large-scale development projects, and (ii) provide much-needed funding for protected areas and similar conservation efforts. This user guide provides introductory guidance on whether, when, and how to prepare and implement biodiversity offsets for large-scale, private, and public sector development projects. It also explores some of the opportunities that may exist for developing national biodiversity offset systems
    DOI: 10.1596/25758
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  • 19
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    Evaluating Sovereign Disaster Risk Finance Strategies : Case Studies and Guidance (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Disaster risk finance is an important component of the disaster risk management and climate change adaptation agenda. It aims to increase the financial resilience of countries against natural hazards by strengthening public financial management and promoting market-based disaster risk finance solutions (such as, sovereign catastrophe risk transfer solutions for governments or domestic catastrophe risk insurance markets for public and private assets). This report complements the more theoretical framework paper with a demonstration of how the framework can be applied in practice. Five case studies illustrate a range of questions that policy makers might ask, potential instruments to be considered, and economic conditions, and a Guidance Note presents principles for such analyses. The structure of the report is as follows: the proposed framework is presented, outlining the approach of the opportunity-cost framework and its limitations. The five case studies are introduced and the contingent liability and finance strategies considered in each are outlined. Subsequently, the five case studies are presented in five chapters, each standalone with relevant annexes (including at the back of the report). Finally, a Guidance Note outlines how the framework may be applied in a practical manner to another country's plans for the disaster risk financing of a contingent liability. Lastly, a Glossary is provided. The purpose of the entire report is to illustrate how to apply the framework to a country-specific question. All formulae and calculations applied in these case studies follow those in the technical framework paper. It does not aim to make any generalized conclusion about which finance mechanisms are cheapest or how disaster risk finance should be structured
    DOI: 10.1596/25381
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  • 20
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    Green Incentives for Climate Competitive Industries : A Practitioner's Handbook (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This handbook has been developed to provide instruction on the design and implementation of incentives for resource-efficiency purposes. The target audience is World Bank staff and stakeholders who are supporting the implementation of a resource-efficiency program in a country on behalf of the government, development finance institution (DFI) or other institution. It is intended to be applicable to most, if not all, resource-efficiency issues and incentives. However, it has a particular focus on energy-efficiency issues as this is the particular focus of the World Bank's Climate Competitive Industries program, and is an area with a high level of interest from industry stakeholders. This handbook will help practitioners to understand: (i) why incentives should be used; (ii) the kinds of incentives that are available; (iii) how incentives can be combined; (iv) how to diagnose the resource-efficiency issues and potential for action in the country; (v) what the key considerations are in the selection and design on an incentive; and (vi) which institutional processes are required to support implementation of an incentive. It sets out the key considerations in designing and implementing an incentive for resource efficiency. Given the breadth of the potential areas of application, the handbook provides an introduction to each incentive type and sets out the skeleton approach to implementing an incentive. Further reading and support will be required at key stages to enable readers to undertake some of the technical aspects of implementation. For this reason, the handbook should be considered the entry point for any party considering an incentive scheme for resource efficiency. However, additional expertise may need to be sought when it comes to the actual design of a specific incentive
    DOI: 10.1596/24978
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    Lesotho Water Security and Climate Change Assessment (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Water Papers
    Abstract: The analysis looks specifically at the need to ensure continued development of water resources within Lesotho and aims to empower stakeholders to act with more confidence by demonstrating that the implementation strategies can provide benefits to water resources management over a broad range of possible future scenarios. The analysis quantifies a range of possible future conditions to demonstrate the benefits that can be realized over a broad range of possible future outcomes. This quantification is based on a water resource decision support model developed specifically for Lesotho, using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model which couples climate, hydrologic, and water management systems to facilitate an evaluation of the uncertainties and strategies of impacts on specified management metrics. The WEAP model was used to simulate the historic climate based on data from the national government archives and global datasets available in the public domain. These included 121 downscaled Global Climate Model (GCM) projections of future climate over two possible water demand future scenarios, for a total of 244 scenarios up to the year 2050
    DOI: 10.1596/24905
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    The Kurdistan Region of Iraq : Reforming the Economy for Shared Prosperity and Protecting the Vulnerable (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: The Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) is a constitutionally recognized semiautonomous region in northern Iraq. Its government, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), based in Erbil, has the right, under the Iraqi constitution of 2005, to exercise legislative, executive, and judicial powers according to the constitution, except in what is listed therein as exclusive powers of the federal authorities. The Iraqi constitution defines the Kurdistan Region as a federal entity of Iraq. KRG has a parliamentary democracy with a regional assembly that consists of 111 seats. KRI has been largely immune to the insecurity and conflict witnessed elsewhere in Iraq, especially following the 2003 Iraq War. KRG is facing a wide range of immediate and medium to longer-term challenges that are intrinsically linked to the overall macroeconomic situation of Iraq as well as the regional and global environment. The immediate challenge consists in coping with (a) the deep fiscal crisis, and (b) the security and social problems brought about by the conflict with the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) group and the resulting influx of Syrian refugees and Iraqi Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). These challenges are clearly immediate priorities for the KRG, and will bear significant repercussions nationally and internationally if inadequately addressed. The medium to longer-term challenges pertain to moderating dependence on the oil sector and transforming the KRI economy into a diversified one that supports private sector-led economic growth and job creation in a sustainable manner
    DOI: 10.1596/24706
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    The Cost of Business Registration and Licensing in Ethiopia and Options for Reform (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Abstract: The Ethiopia Investment Climate Program, managed by the World Bank Group's Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice aims at streamlining and simplifying high priority regulatory practices and processes burdensome to the private sector and address investment climate issues that are holding back investment and productivity growth in Ethiopia. This report presents a summary of the major findings about the business registration and licensing regime in Ethiopia and develops recommendations for streamlining and improving it. The report is based on an in-depth review of the country's more than 1,300 licenses; a detailed analysis at a sector level is presented in Annex three. This report consists of two main parts: in Chapter two, we present an estimate of the costs which the registration and licensing regime in Ethiopia imposes on the business sector in the country. Chapter three then presents the key findings and recommendations based on the detailed analysis of Ethiopia's licensing regime and implementation practice, the details of which are presented in the Inventory of Business Licenses. A brief concluding chapter summarizes the recommendations and provides an estimate of the positive effects which they could have both for businesses and Government
    DOI: 10.1596/24764
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    Better Spending, Better Services : A Review of Public Finances in Haiti, Overview (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: The images of flattened buildings and tent cities that dominated the news following the Haitian earthquake of January 12, 2010 triggered an emergency response from the global aid and development community. Foreign governments, multilateral organizations including the World Bank, and NGOs dramatically increased the flow of funding to the devastated country. The money helped pay for emergency relief but also for higher public investment spending that sought to repair damage and press ahead with development projects that had begun before the disaster. Six years later, the flow of aid is declining, and Haiti faces pivotal challenges: how to adapt to the reductions, raise more resources internally, spend more efficiently, and safeguard the fragile social gains it has achieved in a time of extreme hardship. The infrastructure Haiti has acquired in the recent surge of investment is something like a newly built house that lacks furniture and running water, it may look good from the outside but does little for its occupants. For the present, life remains a struggle for most of the country's 10.4 million people. Thus in addition to growth, the country needs policies that will foster inclusiveness. Analysis and past experience suggest that two factors are key: human capital and political stability. To achieve this goal, Haiti will require a new outlook favoring fair, efficient government and social inclusiveness
    DOI: 10.1596/24690
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    Developing a Proficient and Motivated Teacher Workforce in the Philippines (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Abstract: Over the last decade, research from many different countries has demonstrated the important role played by teachers in increasing students' learning and improving their academic performance. Studies from countries as different as the US and Indonesia have shown the enormous benefits that follow from having adequate and effective teachers working in a country's schools. In Indonesia, a value-added analysis of student learning outcomes found that the more teachers know, the greater the improvements in the learning competencies of primary and junior secondary students. In the US, better teaching in elementary and secondary schools has been shown to increase students' college participation rates, raise their subsequent earnings, and improve other long-term outcomes. Providing teachers with good quality professional development opportunities has been shown to be an effective way of increasing their competencies and improving student learning outcomes in many different settings. A series of systematic reviews have been undertaken recently to assess the impact of different interventions on student learning outcomes in developing countries. One of the most consistent findings from these reviews has been the positive and significant impact that interventions to strengthen teaching practice, introduce innovative instructional methods, and strengthen teachers' subject knowledge can have on student learning. However, in many countries, such professional development opportunities frequently fail to meet even minimum levels of quality and fall short of what teachers want and need
    DOI: 10.1596/24746
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    Removing Barriers to Public Transport Fare Integration in Poland : Key Directions of Change (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Abstract: The need for more sustainable and integrative planning processes as a way of dealing with the complexity of urban mobility has been widely recognized. Within the European Union (EU) there has been an enhanced focus on urban mobility solutions where local authorities move away from past 'silo approaches' and develop approaches that can stimulate a shift towards cleaner and more sustainable transport modes, in line with the EU's 2013 Urban Mobility Package and Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs).As people choose to move away from cities to the periphery or to neighboring municipalities, it becomes critical that the organization of urban transport services, including commuter rail, is coordinated within functional urban areas based on travel-to-work patterns and not be limited to a city's administrative area.International experience suggests that public transport planners must recognize two integration dimensions: (a) integration among all modes and routes comprising the multi-modal public transport network, (b) integration of the public transport offer within a functional urban area, such that the public transport offer matches the mobility requirements of passengers. Successful integration in both dimensions will provide a more customer-friendly experience and make public transport more efficient and cost-effective.The objective of this Report is to assess barriers to fare integration and impediments to integrated service planning. More specifically, it aims to: analyze the current legal framework, review current fare discount policy and public financing of such discounts, identify legal obstacles to fare integration; present examples of European best practice in the area of public transport integration; and provide recommendations to remove barriers to fare and ticketing integration.The World Bank identified six key recommendations aimed at incentivizing public transport integration: i) Introducing uniform statutory fare discount system. ii) Reforming the system for financing statutory fare discounts. iii) Removing barriers to cooperation among different levels of self-government. iv) Strengthening local authorities responsible for transport and creating open integration platforms. v) Protecting PSO Operators from creaming skimming. vi)Promote fare integration. Changing the status quo will require significant changes to the legal environment for public transport aimed at removing barriers to integration
    DOI: 10.1596/24929
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    Maternal and Child Health Out-of-Pocket Expenditure and Service Readiness in Lao PDR : Evidence for the National Free Maternal and Child Health Policy from a Household and Health Center Survey (2013 Update) (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Abstract: Lao PDR has made notable progress in improving maternal health, with materanal mortality decreasing from 1,600 per 100,000 births in 1990 to 220 in 2013.1 However, in order for further gains to be realized, at least two barriers need to be addressed - the low utilization of maternal health (MH) services and weak financial protection, especially among the lower wealth quintiles, in order to improve the level and equity of maternal health. In order to address these financial barriers, the Government of Lao PDR introduced a national free maternal and child health (MCH) policy. Although there were geographic variations in the operationalization of this policy,4 the essence is that user fees paid OOP by pregnant women or for children under-five were replaced with case-based payments paid by or through the government or donors, for essential MCH services. In addition, small cash payments were provided to patients to cover opportunity and transport costs. This report summarizes key findings from two household, village, and health center surveys in southern and rural Lao PDR conducted in 2010 and 2013, providing for the first time in Lao PDR, large-scale household-level data on OOP expenditure for MCH-specific services
    DOI: 10.1596/24951
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    Nutrition in Lao PDR : Causes, Determinants, and Bottlenecks (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Abstract: Under nutrition levels in Lao PDR remain among the highest in the world, despite both rapid economic growth and a significant decline in poverty over the past years. Concerns about the slow progress in reducing under nutrition have triggered intense policy discussion and several analytical reports have been produced over the last few years on the Lao PDR nutrition crisis and its drivers. This policy note provides an overview of the size, severity, and key determinants of child under nutrition in Lao PDR and proposes recommendations for the scale-up of programs and interventions to strengthen the overall response to under nutrition in the country. The note draws from a multivariate analysis of determinants of stunting in addition to descriptive statistics of nutrition-related behaviors and outcomes in the country, using recent surveys. These analyses are complemented with findings from the recent qualitative-based rapid assessment of nutrition counseling and growth monitoring conducted during the early months of 2016 in selected provinces, to contextualize findings within the health sector's capacity to deliver preventive and curative nutrition services
    DOI: 10.1596/24953
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    Kingdom of Lesotho : Country Partnership Framework 2016-2020 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: Lesotho is one of the poorest countries in Southern Africa, and has one of the highest income inequality in the world. Home to about 2 million people, Lesotho is surrounded by South Africa, the second largest and most industrialized economy in Africa. Lesotho generates income mainly by exporting textiles, water, and diamonds, and is a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and the Common Monetary Area (CMA). The national currency, the loti, is pegged to the South African rand. Lesotho's main trading partners are South Africa and the United States. The CPF will seek to mitigate four substantial risks to the implementation of the WBG program: (a) political and governance; (b) macroeconomic; (c) climate change and climate- induced disasters; and (d) operating risks (capacity and fiduciary). The lessons from the Country Assistance Strategy Completion and Learning Report (CPS CLR) will play an important role in addressing these risks. The CPF will give high importance to quality and risks at entry for new operations, and continue strong monitoring and supervision. These mitigation factors are essential for achieving sustainable results
    DOI: 10.1596/24683
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    Republic of Cameroon : Priorities for Ending Poverty and Boosting Shared Prosperity (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Abstract: Cameroon is a lower-middle income country with social indicators and levels of poverty which are below those for comparator countries. Large and rising inequalities between north and south, inefficiencies in public resource allocation and an adverse business environment explain this. While insecurity due to Boko Haram activities and rapidly rising public debt constrain efforts at poverty reduction, there exists a huge potential for economic growth and poverty reduction. This potential remains mostly untapped. Realizing it will require far reaching reforms, particularly with respect to the business environment and public financial management, and require politically courage to accomplish. The remainder of this document explores how to achieve the twin goals of ending poverty and improving shared prosperity by 2030 in a sustainable manner. The document identifies a limited number of binding constraints which would need to be lifted to achieve the poverty objective. The next four chapters present background material to chapter six, which presents binding constraints to poverty reduction. The micro-foundations to poverty reduction are discussed in chapters two and three. Chapter two discusses poverty, equity and vulnerability. Chapter three discusses human capital and its role in poverty reduction. Chapter four considers poverty reduction from a macro-economic perspective. It discusses opportunities for growth and economic transformation as well as the status of various cross-cutting economic services. Chapter five, considers governance, fragility and the institutional environment. Binding constraints to sustainable poverty reduction are identified in chapter six
    DOI: 10.1596/24697
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    Ethiopia : Priorities for Ending Extreme Poverty and Promoting Shared Prosperity (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Abstract: This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) identifies the binding constraints to reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity in Ethiopia. Achieving those goals requires a two pronged strategy of building on the strengths of past performance as well as introducing new elements. Progress in rural livelihoods drove poverty reduction in the past and will likely do so in the future. In addition, faster, and more inclusive, private sector-led structural change and 'getting urbanization right' are essential going forward. The report identifies two key challenges to sustainable progress: Ethiopia needs sustainably financed infrastructure that enables private investment to flourish and reduces reliance on public borrowing. It must also strengthen feedback mechanisms that inform policymakers of what works and what doesn't so that the aspirations of a rapidly rising and better-educated working-age population can be met. The report is structured in two parts: Part A analyses the past and Part B identifies priorities for the future
    DOI: 10.1596/24590
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    Myanmar : Analysis of Farm Production Economics (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Abstract: This report was prepared by the World Bank in partnership with the Livelihoods and Food Security Multi-Donor Trust Fund (LIFT). Both the World Bank and the LIFT are actively involved in supporting Myanmar's agriculture sector given its significance in poverty reduction and food security, and they both consider the lack of reliable farm data to be a significant constraint to designing effective programs and policies. This report fills some of the data gaps. In addition to presenting the collected data, the report offers the first analysis of these data. It focuses on the assessment of the extent of crop diversification and an analysis of farm production economics, in particular (partial factor) productivity of agricultural land and labor and crop profitability. This focus was chosen to study Myanmar's commercial production areas and to facilitate international comparisons, as most international studies follow a similar approach, focusing on advanced farmers in commercial production areas. The four main findings of the report are as follows: (i) Myanmar's farming systems are diversified and during the monsoon season most farms produce paddy, during the cool and dry seasons most farms produce crops other than paddy, mainly beans and pulses, oilseeds, and maize; (ii) the analysis reconfirmed that agricultural productivity in Myanmar is low, irrespective of what indicators are used, limiting the sector's contribution to poverty reduction and shared prosperity; (iii) low productivity is a result of multiple factors, many of them associated with the undersupply of quality public services such as research, extension, and rural infrastructure, in delivery of which the government has a key role to play; and (iv) going forward and given that paddy is less profitable and more costly to produce than other crops in most agro-ecological zones, especially during the cool and dry seasons, it is desirable to redesign public programs from exclusive support of paddy production to support for broad-based agricultural development
    DOI: 10.1596/24584
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    Disaster Risk Finance Country Note : Serbia (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This disaster risk financing country note for Serbia provides an overview of the way its government currently finances the costs imposed by natural disasters. Meanwhile, poverty deepened after the financial crisis and during the recessions of 2012 and 2014, mainly because of losses in employment and labor income. In an effort to overcome its fiscal challenges, the government of Serbia adopted an ambitious fiscal consolidation and structural reform program to halt the rise in public debt and send it on a downward trajectory by 2017. This program is supported by a three-year stand-by arrangement from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Because of the growing frequency and severity of disasters, the government has faced the rising costs of responding to disasters as well as the challenges of financing emergency response and reconstruction costs. Having sufficient access to financial instruments and resources in order to respond to disasters is crucial for building the financial resilience of the country and minimizing the negative impact of natural disasters on Serbia's economic growth. In this report, chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two provides the background and country context, including the recent economic impacts of disasters. Chapter three reviews the current institutional and legal framework for disaster risk management and financing. Chapter four is a review of the public financial management of disasters in Serbia, including ex ante and ex post disaster risk financing and insurance (DRFI) instruments currently in use for budget mobilization, and it looks at the 2014 floods in more detail. The chapter concludes with a summary of financial resources available and a look at the potential resource gaps
    DOI: 10.1596/24405
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    Disaster Risk Finance as a Tool for Development : A Summary of Findings from the Disaster Risk Finance Impact Analytics Project (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Since 2013 The World Bank Group has partnered with the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery and the U.K. Department for International Development to address some of these gaps in evidence and methodologies. The Disaster Risk Finance Impact Analytics Project has made significant contributions to the understanding of how to monitor and evaluate existing or potential investments in disaster risk finance from a development perspective, and to the evidence base for where such investments have development impact.This note summarizes the findings of this project, presenting the key messages of a book, a technical report, and 14 research papers, categorized into four themes
    DOI: 10.1596/24374
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    Investing Back Home : The Potential Economic Role of the Caribbean Diaspora (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This study was initiated as a result of interest expressed by Caribbean Governors attending the 2014 World Bank-International Monetary Fund Annual Meetings to tap into the regional Diaspora investor community to fund investment needs across the region. The overall development objective of the study is to formulate options that can help mobilize Diaspora capital in the form of private investment in productive investable assets, including start-ups and other business enterprises, social infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals), physical infrastructure (e.g., energy, transport, water), and public market (i.e., liquid) investments. Diaspora-sourced investment flow into these types of productive assets can ultimately serve to spur economic growth and job creation, which is a clear imperative in this region. The survey also builds on the promising conclusions of the 2013 Information for Development Program (infoDev) survey, which identified the potential demand for such investments within the global Caribbean Diaspora. This document encompasses a broad survey of 14 countries in the Caribbean as well as an in-depth analysis of four countries in particular Barbados, Jamaica, St. Lucia, and Trinidad and Tobago. The framework for this prefeasibility assessment comprised four areas of analysis, focused on (1) sizing the Diaspora population and its investment potential and interest; (2) conducting market research on the investment landscape, including investable assets and market drivers and impediments; (3) analyzing the legal and regulatory framework for investments in the Caribbean; and (4) identifying distribution channels and convening platforms that can offer, host, or advocate for a potential Caribbean regional Diaspora initiative. To conclude, to pursue targeted Diaspora-focused initiatives, more resources need to be committed to conducting robust Diaspora sizing and mapping exercises in select countries so as to segregate the Diaspora by generation, income, and net worth to better understand affinity and investment capacity as any menu of initiatives designed to mobilize Diaspora investment will need to be segregated to target specific groups of the Diaspora by investment capacity and preference
    DOI: 10.1596/24403
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    Corporate Sector Accounting and Auditing in the EU Acquis Communautaire, 3rd Edition (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This report reflects significant changes in European Union (EU) corporate financial reporting since 2011. In June 2013, a new accounting directive was adopted, replacing the fourth and seventh directives on company law. A directive amending the 2006 audit directive and a new audit regulation addressing oversight of the most significant audits were adopted in April 2014. The new legislation, summarized in this guide, is a result of several years of drafting and discussions following the financial crisis of 2008 and it represent a landmark in the EU's efforts to strengthen its corporate sector accounting and auditing. The accounting directive seeks to enhance the quality of financial reporting and expand it, especially with regard to public interest entities, while reducing the administrative burden for smaller companies. The new audit reporting requirements introduced by the regulation are expected to increase the usefulness of statutory audits of public interest entities, such as listed companies, credit institutions, and insurance undertakings, and reduce risks of excessive familiarity between statutory auditors and their clients, encourage professional skepticism, and limit conflicts of interest. The audit directive and the regulation will bring more consistency in audit oversight and quality assurance systems across Europe. Implementation will involve significant challenges and require increased resources to ensure systems function effectively
    DOI: 10.1596/24427
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    Options for Data Reporting--EITI Standard, 2016 : The Good, the Better and the Best (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Mining, Oil and Gas
    Abstract: The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is an international standard to promote open and accountable management of natural resources. By encouraging governments, extractive companies, civil society and the public to engage in discourse around transparency of the extractive sector, it aims to facilitate the management of a country's natural resource wealth to benefit all its citizens. The objective of this report is to present, in a structured form, data categories and their reporting formats, that can be used to standardize information generated under each EITI Requirement. The review conducted for this study included a sample of recent EITI Country Reports, as well as other initiatives and industry standards. 'Good' refers to reporting standards that meet the minimum data to be provided under each EITI Requirement. 'Better' typically refers to reporting standards that are enhancements of data covered under the good category. 'Best' refers to standard formats for reporting data that represent the highest international benchmarks and are considered to provide comprehensive information, beyond the minimum data requirements. The research team recommends a step by step approach to this, starting with a specific set of Requirements, across a number of countries. This would allow the EITI International Secretariat to develop a set of comparable statistics for various reporting entities, as well as start constructing guidelines for EITI implementers
    DOI: 10.1596/23779
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    Managing Environmental and Social Impacts of Hydropower in Bhutan (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Abstract: Development of Bhutan's untapped hydro power resources has the potential to spur economic growth, rapidly increase export revenue,reduce poverty, and bring about sustained improvements in human development. The Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) has,therefore, embarked on an ambitious plan to develop the renewable hydropower resourcesin the country. Large hydropower plants generating 1,606 MW are already operational,and new plants with an additional capacity of3,658 MW are under construction and expectedto be commissioned by 2018 and 19. According to these plans, the RGoB will commission closeto 12,600 MW of new hydropower by the end of the next decade, becoming by far the highest hydropower producer per capita in the world. The findings of this study are framed in the Bhutanesecontext and focus on recommendations that are relevant for Bhutan. The study has found that the main impacts of hydropower development in Bhutan relate to aquatic biodiversity and are cumulative,meaning that they are not of immediate concernbut should get priority attention once the development of hydropower accelerates. This study has identified a number of gaps inthe management of E&S impacts and rankedthem according to relevance for Bhutan. In conclusion, despite due awareness and a goodregulatory framework for managing the E&Simpacts of hydropower in Bhutan, challengesremain in the upstream planning and in the implementation of the assessment and mitigation of impacts, mainly because of the lack of capacity among key government institutions to ensure quality and enforce good practices. Addressing the capacity constraints, and providing keyinstitutions with the tools, structures, and skills necessary for proper E&S management of hydropower would benefit the sustainability of Bhutan's natural and cultural values, as well as its hydropower and economic development
    DOI: 10.1596/24914
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    Subnational Debt Management Performance Assessment Methodology (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Debt Management Performance Assessment
    Abstract: The Subnational DeMPA is a methodology for assessing subnational debt management performance at the level of local government through a comprehensive set of indicators spanning the full range of subnational debt management functions. The SN DeMPA methodology was revised and aligned to the updates of the sovereign DeMPA during 2015. The objective of the 2016 update of Subnational DeMPA methodology is to revise the evaluation criteria in line with the changing practices for subnational government debt management and requirements of the client countries, as well as to take into account revised criteria of the sovereign DeMPA methodology which took place in 2015. The revised methodology combines the original SN DeMPA Tool and Guide into one unified methodological framework. Substantial revisions and additions are made in order to address the issues that arose during the earlier assessments. A revised Subnational DeMPA tool (2016) comprises of five core areas, 13 DPIs and 31 dimensions, which are applied to evaluate the capacity of the subnational borrower to manage the debt portfolio. This methodology is applied starting September 2016. For any additional information or questions, please contact: Lilia Razlog, Senior Debt Specialist, E-mail: lrazlogworldbank.org
    DOI: 10.1596/25103
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    HIV Investment in Cote d'Ivoire : Optimized Allocation of HIV Resources for a Sustainable and Efficient HIV Response (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Abstract: This report summarizes the findings of an allocative efficiency analysis to support Cote d'Ivoire's national HIV response. The study was conducted at the request of the Government of Cote d'Ivoire by the World Bank, the University of Bern, the Burnet Institute and the University of New South Wales in collaboration with UNAIDS. The analysis was conducted using Optima, a mathematical model of HIV transmission and disease progression that is population-based and flexible. Optima provides a formal method of optimization that quantitatively and objectively determines optimal allocations of HIV resources across numerous prevention and treatment programs to address multiple policy objectives. The model also estimates intervention impact, cost-effectiveness and return-on-investment, and provides analysis on the longer-term financial consequences of HIV infections and HIV investments
    DOI: 10.1596/29349
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    Enhancing ASEAN Connectivity Monitoring and Evaluation (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: As Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) approaches end 2015, this report takes stock of the progress to date and draws out lessons for the next stage of ASEAN's connectivity journey. The realization of an integrated ASEAN community demands connectedness vis improved and expanded transport, communications, and energy infrastructure; the reduction of barriers to trade and investment; and the opening of new opportunities for ASEAN wide communication and exchange. The MPAC provides a blueprint for such advances via three strategic dimensions, each accompanied by strategies and key actions: physical connectivity; institutional connectivity; and people-to-people connectivity
    DOI: 10.1596/28999
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    Ghana's Development Finance Institutions : Review of Current Status and Principles for Reform (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Abstract: This study reviews the ap ...
    DOI: 10.1596/30215
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    Belarus Country Gender Profile, 2016 Update (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Gender Assessment
    Abstract: Gender equality is a core development objective in its own right, and it is also a smartdevelopment policy. Gender equality is also a key pathway to ensure lasting poverty reductionand shared prosperity. This update to the '2013 Belarus Country Gender Profile' seeks to identifywhere progress has been achieved in terms of increasing opportunities for women and men inBelarus since that last assessment and where further policy action is required. As such, itunderstands gender equality to mean the closing of the gaps between women and men in areasthat are critical for them to access and take advantage of existing opportunities namelyendowments such as health and education; economic opportunities, via access to labor, land andfinancial markets;, and agency, including norms, representation, and freedom of violence (WorldBank 2016). Overall, Belarus' ranges better than many countries in terms of gender equality. Thecountry's gender gaps are much smaller than those observed in other countries in the region andthe world. The country ranks 30 among the 144 countries covered by the 2016 World EconomicForum Global Gender Gap Index, largely due to its good results on education outcomes and theirreflection in the labor market-Belarus ranks number 1 in terms of female enrollment in all levelsof education and also when it comes to having female professional and technical workers, and forwomen to enjoy a healthy life expectancy. However, these results are muted by the pervasivegender wage gap observed in Belarus, leaving the country at place 54 in the global ranking andthe low representation of women in political positions. While the country is among the top thirdof countries when it comes to parliamentary representation -ranks 47 among the 144 countrieswith a female parliamentary representation of 27 percent, it ranks 108 when it comes to the shareof women in ministerial positions, with an overall ranking of 80 for political empowerment
    DOI: 10.1596/30943
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    Indonesia Economic Quarterly, June 2016 : Resilience through Reforms (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: 2016 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Abstract: This Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEG) quarterly report covers the economic growth of Indonesia as in June 2016. With the global recovery yet to be realized, Indonesia's resilience stands out among commodity exporters. A number of good policies have contributed to Indonesia's resilience. First, prudent monetary and exchange rate policies, along with international financial conditions that are more favorable than a year ago, have helped reduce inflation and stabilize the Rupiah. These factors, as well as lower energy prices, have supported aggregate household consumption. Second, public infrastructure spending has become a priority within Indonesia's limited fiscal space. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth in first quarter (Q1) 2016 was 4.9 percent year-on-year (yoy), with public spending lower than expected. The current account deficit narrowed to 2.1 percent of GDP, as imports fell faster than exports. Fiscal policy in Indonesia has not been very effective in reducing inequality, but the fuel subsidy reform has helped. The 2015 fuel subsidy reform, and related compensation for the poor, has helped reduce inequality, as savings were redirected into infrastructure, health, and social assistance
    DOI: 10.1596/30872
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    Making the Most of Ports in West Africa (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Abstract: Ports have always played an essential role in this highly trade-dependent region. While there are still wide disparities in terms of throughput volumes and capacity, traffic has been growing rapidly in most countries over the last decade. Overall, total throughput in West Africa grew from around 105 million tons in 2006 to 165 million tons in 2012. Likewise, containerized traffic remains limited in West Africa compared to other regions but has grown faster than in any other region in the world over the last five years. The combined throughput of container terminals in the region reached almost 5 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) in 2013, twice as much as a decade ago, and is expected to keep growing fast. The future throughput of West African ports comprises the demand for containerized trade generated by coastal and landlocked countries, and additional port movements generated by transshipment in regional hub(s). Given the regional dynamics of ports in West Africa, there is also a good case for more cooperation between West African countries on port reform, competition and regulation. Strengthening the capacity and mandate of regional institutions such as the ECOWAS Commission on these issues would complement regulatory efforts at the country level and provide a forum to analyze regional issues related to inter-port competition and private sector participation in port management
    DOI: 10.1596/31027
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    Brazil Teachers : SABER Country Report 2016 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Abstract: Evidence on the impacts of many teacher policies remains insufficient and scattered, and the impact of many reforms depends on specific design features. In addition, teacher policies can have very different impacts, depending on the context and other education policies already in place. Systems approach for better education results (SABER) - teachers is a tool that aims to help fill the gap by collecting, analyzing, synthesizing, and disseminating comprehensive information on teacher policies in primary and secondary education systems around the world. To offer informed policy guidance, SABER-teachers analyzes the information collected to assess the extent to which the teacher policies of an education system are aligned with policies shown by research evidence to have a positive effect on student achievement. SABER-teachers collects data on ten core teacher policy areas to offer a comprehensive, descriptive overview of the teacher policies in place in each participating education system. The eight teacher policy goals are functions that all high-performing education systems fulfill to a certain extent to ensure that every classroom has a motivated, supported, and competent teacher. This report presents the results of the SABER-Teachers tool as applied in Brazil. The report describes the performance of Brazil's education system in achieving each of the eight teacher policy goals. It also contains comparative information from education systems that have consistently scored highly on international student achievement tests and those that have previously participated in the SABER-Teachers initiative
    DOI: 10.1596/31350
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    Debt Management Performance Assessment : Cabo Verde (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Debt Management Performance Assessment
    Abstract: This report assesses the debt management performance of the government of Cabo Verde by applying the 2015 World Bank debt management performance assessment (DeMPA) methodology. Overall, there have been positive developments in government debt management practices in Cabo Verde. Some of those developments are reflected in improved DeMPA scores, as in the case of the preparation of a medium-term debt management strategy (DMS), publication of debt management information, and documentation of procedures in the domestic market. In some other cases, improvements were not enough to change the scores, although relevant and acknowledged, such as the case of domestic borrowing. In a number of other dimensions, such as those related to debt recording and operational risk, challenges persist. Annex 1 brings a detailed update on the implementation of the debt management reform plan designed in 2013, showing good improvement in some areas, in particular the development of a DMS and debt management reporting, but less progress in operational risk management and data recording
    DOI: 10.1596/34004
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    Colombia : Policy Strategy for Public Financial Management of Natural Disaster Risk (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Disasters resulting from natural hazards represent an important challenge for Colombia's fiscal sustainability and stability. Colombia is one of the countries with the highest recurrence rate of disasters caused by natural hazards in Latin America (see the Annex)1. As the country's population and economy continue to grow, so will the economic losses resulting from such events, an average of 600 disaster events of which is reported per year2. Colombia's rate of economic growth is increasing the base of assets exposed to disaster risks, which may lead to significant increases in losses, particularly if investments in new assets are not accompanied by plans for mitigating disaster risk. The Government of Colombia (GoC) recognizes the importance of mitigating these events and has taken several steps to mainstream disaster risk management into its policy and programs, as evinced by the National Development Plan '2014-2018', 'all for a New Country'. The MHCP is committed to developing strategies for reducing its contingent liabilities in relation to disasters and to managing the fiscal risk resulting from these events. This document presents the priority policy objectives that have been established to assess, reduce, and manage fiscal risk due to natural disasters. It also describes the MHCP's efforts to progress its policy objectives in the long term. These policy objectives represent the MHCP's ex ante policy framework regarding management of financial and fiscal disaster risk. The MHCP identifies three priority policy objectives in order to strengthen management of the Government's contingent liabilities and thus support the goal of achieving macroeconomic stability and fiscal balance. The policy objectives are: (i) identification and understanding of fiscal risk due to disasters; (ii) financial management of natural disaster risk, including the implementation of innovative financial instruments; and (iii) catastrophe risk insurance for public assets
    DOI: 10.1596/25288
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    An Integrated Framework for Jobs in Fragile and Conflict Situations (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Jobs are a high priority for development and stability in fragile and conflict-affected situations. Jobs contribute to poverty reduction, productivity and economic growth, and can promote social cohesion and reduce the risk of violence. However, the jobs environment is particularly challenging in situations affected by fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV), with various combinations of high political, economic and social risks, weak institutional capacity, a difficult political economy, and significant constraints on financial resources to support recovery and reconstruction. Thus, fragile situations have an urgent need for well-structured assistance to address these challenges and create job opportunities. To help strengthen its engagement on jobs in FCV, the World Bank Group (WBG) has developed an integrated jobs framework. The purpose of this note is to describe the framework, which has been adapted from the WBG's general jobs framework to incorporate the above dimensions of fragility and instability, and to outline the policy and operational implications for both the short and long run. Ultimately, the aim is to improve the support the WBG can offer to expand job opportunities across the range of FCV contexts
    DOI: 10.1596/25296
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    Cambodia Economic Update, October 2016 : Enhancing Export Competitiveness, the Key to Cambodia's Future Economic Success (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Cambodia's economic activity continues to expand, led by solid growth in garment exports and strong construction activity. Real growth is projected to reach 7.0 percent in 2016, in line with the resilient performance across the region. The economy is projected to sustain its high growth trajectory, expanding at 6.9 percent in both 2017 and 2018 propelled by exports and government consumption. The agriculture sector is expected to improve slightly due to better weather conditions this year and to expand gradually in the near term, thanks to concerted efforts by all stakeholders, in particular the public sector. Risks, however, include potential uncertainty related to commune and general elections in 2017 and 2018, respectively, a sharp decline in the construction and real estate sector, fallout from a rise in US interest rates, regional tensions and slower global growth. Although severe drought caused by El Nino is a challenge, the downward trend of poverty is expected to continue over the next few years, albeit driven mainly by the garment, construction, and services sectors. The agriculture sector, which was the main driver of poverty reduction in the past has recently eased
    DOI: 10.1596/25272
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    Delivering Energy Efficiency in the Middle East and North Africa : Achieving Energy Efficiency Potential in the Industry, Services and Residential Sectors (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The main objective of this report is to provide an intermediate step toward building more energy-efficient economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The present study complements the 2009 Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) report by providing a quantitative basis for sectoral targeting and focusing on delivery mechanisms. Taking advantage of the results of the Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE) and preliminary results of the Readiness for Investment in Sustainable Energy (RISE) World Bank Survey, the report is able to assess the areas where countries in MENA can gain most from the energy efficiency (EE) potential and build an enabling environment for enhancing EE. Finally, the report draws on lessons learned on EE from other middle-income and high-income countries and brings in perspectives that can serve as beneficial for the MENA countries. The report focuses primarily on the three most electricity intense end use sectors: the industry, services, and residential sectors. For many countries in the MENA region, electricity shortages-often connected to the cost and availability of imported fuels-are key motivators for raising EE. This book is arranged as follows: 1) Chapter one seeks to provide a quantitative basis for considering EE priorities; 2) Chapter two presents a comprehensive, integrated framework to support EE; 3) Chapter three draws on examples from other regions of how energy savings have already been delivered through mechanisms involving two classes of agents-energy utilities and domestic finance institutions-whose participation is key to scaling up EE; and 4) Chapter four combines the information in the previous three chapters, and offers options for how to enhance EE in the MENA region
    DOI: 10.1596/25295
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    Do the Poor Pay Twice? : Impact of Corruption in the Kyrgyz Republic (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This study examines household perceptions and experiences with corruption in the Kyrgyz Republic. The aims of the study are two-fold: first, to assess the level of administrative corruption in public service agencies, and second, to assess the impact of corruption on different income groups. This Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) included a nationally-representative survey covering over 1,000 households in all regions of the country and focus groups with citizens, civil society organization (CSO) representatives, media and students
    DOI: 10.1596/25283
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    Turkey's Future Transitions : Republic of Turkey Systematic Country Diagnostic (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Turkey made significant progress in poverty reduction and shared prosperity in the 2000s, but poverty is still an important challenge, particularly in some regions. Poverty and extreme poverty has decreased significantly in the past few years. This decrease in poverty was shared across both urban and rural areas. For the next ten years, the Bank will focus on several things. These include who will likely be the poor and the bottom 40, what will be the engine of growth and how growth can be sustainable
    DOI: 10.1596/26375
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    Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Promoting Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity : Systematic Country Diagnostic (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Jordan is an upper middle income country which has proven remarkably resilient despite decades of turmoil in its neighborhood. Even with economic stability in the face of massive shocks, the Jordanian government - reflecting the views of the population - has made clear the need for improvement in the current growth trajectory. Public dissatisfaction coalesced around a perception, which the government acknowledges, that previous reform efforts had struggled with implementation, while discretionary decisions and unequal opportunities remain entrenched. In response, the government is moving to the implementation phase of its Jordan 2025 strategic blueprint, a new ten-year strategy formally launched in May 2015. The Bank's systematic country diagnostic (SCD) is therefore unfolding at a critical inflection point for the government. Given existing reform momentum around the energy sector and investment, the substantive engagement of the Bank Group and other development partners, the SCD will seek added value by providing an integrative and concise perspective on what Jordan can do to better meet the expectations of its citizens. As a multi-sector evidence-based diagnostic, the SCD relies upon consistent and integrated analysis of data from various sources
    DOI: 10.1596/23956
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    Clean and Inclusive Cities in Argentina (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This document reviews the existing information on solid waste management and city cleanliness to understand how the country's municipalities are responding to this important challenge and how these services are supporting the growing urban agglomerations in the country. The review provides data by urban agglomeration but also includes data at the provincial and national level. It considers not only the service coverage and infrastructure but the role they play in a range of issues including the proximity of waste to people's homes, inequality of access to services, and the impact on municipal budgets. Informality, both in terms of informal employment in the waste sector and the ability of municipal services to reach informal and precarious urban settlements, is also considered. The review is intended as a compilation of data for use by local and national governments, international organizations, academics and non-governmental organizations in their ongoing efforts to improve cities. The data presented highlights the current service gaps and opportunities that can be explored to avoid the costs of congestion in order maximize Argentina's cities' role as an engine for inclusive growth
    DOI: 10.1596/28430
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    Nepal : Sources of Growth in Agriculture for Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Agriculture contributes a ...
    DOI: 10.1596/28333
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    Kazakhstan Jobs Strategy (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Kazakhstan is a unique country in a unique part of the world. Its uniqueness is important, as it shapes the opportunities and economic realities faced by the country, as well as the political responses to those challenges. Since independence in 1992, Kazakhstan has made rapid progress in transitioning to an upper-middle income country. This sustained growth has enabled Kazakhstan to achieve rapid reductions in poverty. This note draws on a large body of recent and ongoing analyses carried out by the World Bank, the Government of Kazakhstan, and other partners. The strategy, in turn, aims to enhance the impact of the government's policies, programs, and projects on the availability, diversity, quality, and sustainability of jobs. The remainder of the note is structured as follows: Section 2 provides a detailed review of the state of jobs in Kazakhstan, reviewing recent progress and analyzing the nature of the challenges around self-employment; Section 3 introduces a framework for thinking about a jobs strategy in Kazakhstan, and provides an initial overview of the current situation and government response along each of its dimensions, as well as some potential policies for consideration; and Section 4 concludes
    DOI: 10.1596/27266
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    What is Happening Inside Classrooms in Indian Secondary Schools? : A Time on Task Study in Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Government of India l ...
    DOI: 10.1596/26521
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    Bank Resolution and 'Bail-In' in the EU : Selected Case Studies Pre- and Post-BRRD (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In the aftermath of the 2007/08 financial crisis, and lacking sufficient coordinated guidelines or legislation, measures to address failing financial institutions in European Union (EU) Member States were taken at national level. In an effort to improve cross border coordination as well as to reduce future dependence on public money, the European framework for managing the failure of financial institutions was reformed, building upon the financial stability Board's key attributes. From January 1, 2015, all EU Member States were required to transpose the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) into their national law. A key element of the new powers is the bail-in tool, requiring banks to recapitalize and absorb losses from within, which was made mandatory as of January 1, 2016. These case studies have been selected as examples of how some EU countries tackled the resolution of several failing European banks. The focus of the case studies is on the application of bail-in features, i.e. statutory private loss absorption outside liquidation. Most cases studies also describe other measures used to deal with distressed financial institutions, including but not limited to government guarantees, capital injections, liquidity supports, and the creation of asset management vehicles to put the bail-in into perspective. The authors hope that, nevertheless, these real life examples of European banks' resolutions provide a useful and interesting source of reference. For more details on resolution under the BRRD, the authors invite the readers to refer to the FinSAC Guidebook Understanding Bank Recovery and Resolution in the EU: a Guidebook to the BRRD
    DOI: 10.1596/25975
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    Malawi Drought 2015-2016 : Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The highly variable climate of Malawi significantly influences the amount, timing, and frequency of precipitation resulting in frequent droughts and floods. In the 2015-2016 rainfall season Malawi was hit again by prolonged dry spells. In response to the dry spells, the Government of Malawi declared a state of disaster in April 2016, and a post disaster needs assessment (PDNA) was initiated in mid-May under the leadership of the Government of Malawi, with the assistance of the World Bank and the United Nations (UN). The PDNA also developed a recovery strategy for the 2015-2016 drought by defining and aligning a national recovery vision to long-term development objectives and by formulating a multi-sector framework of recovery interventions, while ensuring building-back-better and integrating gender and environmental considerations in the recovery strategy. The assessment process utilized a combination of secondary data from similar assessments that were ongoing at that time, along with primary data collection to fill in gaps and validate impacts. The PDNA defines a strategy for recovery, including its financial implications, while making recommendations to improve future drought resilience. The report is structured as follows: chapter one explains the background and objective of the PDNA; chapter two describes the country profile; chapter three provides an analysis of the drought and an overview of the humanitarian consequences and the government's immediate response; chapter 4 describes the approach and methodology of the PDNA; chapter five summarizes the overall damages and losses caused by the drought, as well as the recovery strategies and needs for each of the sectors considered in the assessment; chapter six describes the overall macroeconomic impact of the drought; chapter seven presents the human and social impact of the drought, including a gender analysis of specific sector recommendations for recovery; chapter eight provides details for the drought recovery strategy on the basis of the sector analysis; chapter nine analyses the challenges and lessons learned from the ongoing drought and recommendations for drought risk reduction and resilience; chapter ten summarizes the next steps and the way forward
    DOI: 10.1596/25781
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    Promoting Green Urban Development in African Cities : Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania Urban Environmental Profile (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania has undergone a period of unprecedented urbanization that has contributed to the degradation of the city's natural environment. With a growth rate above or near 5% for the past three decades, it is the fastest growing city in East Africa. The arrival of thousands of in-migrants year after year has overwhelmed the city's ability to deliver adequate public services, housing and jobs. Unplanned, densely populated informal settlements that lack basic water, sewer, and waste services now cover much of the city's land area. At the same time, climate change is placing further strains on the city's ability to manage the urban environment. The projected rise in temperature, coupled with an increase in precipitation, could have wide-ranging impacts. A projected increase in the intensity of rainfall will result in storm runoff that exceeds the capacity of the city's infrastructure, causing flooding and the spread of pollution, of particular concern for low-lying informal settlements. Such conditions have degraded the quality of the city's natural environment and the vital ecosystem services that they provide. the study of urban environmental issues with the advancement of more sustainable urban growth. The Urban Environmental Profile for Dar es Salaam has been prepared as the first component of the assignment "Promoting Green Urban Development in Africa: Enhancing the Relationship Between Urbanization, Environmental Assets and Ecosystem Services," a project being conducted under the leadership of the World Bank. The Profile summarizes the existing quality of the wetlands and other aquatic and terrestrial environmental assets, and identifies the key drivers of their environmental vulnerability, and the main institutional challenges and constraints
    DOI: 10.1596/26676
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    Building a Better Future Together : Dominican Republic Policy Notes (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In preparing these policy notes, the World Bank intends to provide the incoming administration with some considerations and recommendations on key development policy issues. The focus of these policy notes is on the challenges that need to be overcome and the policy options that can be pursued to keep the Dominican Republic on a path of sustainable and inclusive growth. The sectors and thematic areas covered in the policy notes include: (i) recent trends in poverty and shared prosperity; (ii) the quality and coverage of public spending on the social sectors (education, health, and social protection); (iii) an assessment of the factors that can affect the quality and efficiency of infrastructure services in the sectors of water and sanitation, and electricity; and (iv) the factors that can affect the sustainability of growth from an economic, social, and environmental and climate resilience points of view. Each policy note describes succinctly the current country context, what the existing main challenges are in each sector, and what the focus of policy should be to secure sustainable and inclusive growth
    DOI: 10.1596/26045
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  • 63
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    Investing Strategically in Higher Education : Aligning Public Funding with Policy Objectives (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Linking higher education finance and policy, referred to as strategic financing, is increasing in popularity throughout Central Europe and the Baltic Countries. Strategic financing essentially implies that public funding mechanisms are informed by and aligned with specific higher education policy objectives. Governments are asking how the funding strategy can be more supportive of policy objectives. Can funding formulae, for instance, be modified strategically to help realize certain policy objectives? If a government is seeking to enroll more science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) students, for example, could allocating a premium to higher education institutions (HEIs) per STEM student help achieve the policy objective? Like many countries around the work, Central European and Baltic countries are exploring how different financing modalities can provide additional leverage in steering their higher education sector towards specific policy objectives. In recent years, many Central European and Baltic countries are facing common economic, socio-political, and demographic factors. These common challenges can broadly be categorized into three main themes: challenging economic environment; increasing European integration; and declining demographic trends. First, the region still faces fiscal constraints as it emerges from the global economic slowdown. Such economic trends have placed downward pressure on public higher education budgets and increased the call for collaboration between higher education and the labor market. Second, national higher education policies across Central Europe and the Baltic countries are impacted by a broader European policy environment, including the European Higher Education Area. Supranational initiatives, such as the EU's Education and Training 2020 Strategy, Horizon 2020, and its Modernization Agenda for Higher Education, as well as the intergovernmental Bologna Process strongly influence national higher education policies. Third, a declining population in Europe is shrinking the number of working- and student-age people. After decades of growth in the higher education sector, the number of new students participating in higher education is slowly declining
    DOI: 10.1596/26314
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  • 64
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    Linking Farmers to Markets through Productive Alliances : An Assessment of the World Bank Experience in Latin America (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This new report presents the results of a systematic assessment of the World Bank's 15-year experience with the productive alliance approach adopted by 21 projects in 10 countries across Latin America and the Caribbean. With funding of over United States (U.S.) 1 billion dollar since the early 2000s, increasing evidence suggests that the productive alliance approach can lead to increases in productivity, market integration, and income of smallholder farmers. The findings of this report are based on a detailed overview and comparison of different productive alliance projects in terms of targeting strategies, subproject selection, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. It provides valuable lessons on different design features and implementation experiences for future operations
    DOI: 10.1596/25752
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    Myanmar Economic Monitor, December 2016 : Anchoring Economic Expectations (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Myanmar Economic Monitor (MEM) periodically takes stock of economic developments anddiscusses economic prospects and policy priorities in Myanmar. The MEM draws on available datareported by the Government of Myanmar and additional information collected as part of the WorldBank Group's regular economic monitoring and policy dialogue. The government has carefully navigated a difficult economic and security environment in its first six months in office. In early April 2016, the economy was still recovering from a flood induced supply shock, which, together with low commodity prices, contributed to widening current account and fiscal deficits. In response the government has taken steps to try and maintain fiscal prudence, which have helped ease pressure on monetary growth and import demand
    DOI: 10.1596/25972
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    Thailand Getting Back on Track : Reviving Growth and Securing Prosperity for All (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Over the past few decades, Thailand has made tremendous progress toward the twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Thailand has achieved these gains despite high political instability. Growth has been slowing, and continued instability could affect future growth and prospects for shared income gains. Moreover, poverty and inequality continue to pose significant challenges. Slower growth than in the past, if it continues, will constrain further progress in reducing poverty and promoting inclusion. The key engines that drove past growth have lost steam or are unsustainable. Analysis undertaken for this SCD suggests that the significant slowdown in Thailand's export growth in recent years is due in part to a loss of market share in labor-intensive manufacturing. Thailand has lost the competitive edge it once enjoyed over its peers and other countries in the region
    DOI: 10.1596/25740
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    Madagascar Economic Update, December 2016 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Even though a large majority of poor households are engaged in agriculture, per capita productivity and real levels of sectoral growth remain low in Madagascar. Approximately 80 percent of the population are engaged in agriculture, which provides the main source of income for households, albeit at subsistence levels. Cultivation practices are based on extensification strategies with implications for Madagascar's fragile natural resource base, rather than improving the productivity of existing farms and land use. To ensure Madagascar's growth prospects more inclusively benefit the entire population it will be crucial to improve the productivity of the agriculture sector. The first part of the this economic update has the World Bank's assessment of recent economic developments and the outlook over the short to medium term in Madagascar. The second part of this update focuses on Agriculture and Rural Development
    DOI: 10.1596/25745
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    Business Analytics Toolkit for Tech Hubs : Lessons Learned from infoDev's mLabs and mHubs (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This toolkit, commissioned by infoDev, a global partnership program within the World Bank, provides guidance on how to develop business analytics, measuring and learning from the performance and effects of mobile application labs (mLabs) and mobile social networking hubs (mHubs). It was made for managers of tech hubs. Dozens of tech hubs have emerged over the last few years across the globe. Managers of these innovation and entrepreneurship enablers grapple with problems that infoDev has experience with. This toolkit takes lessons that infoDev has gathered from its own tech hub pilots, mLabs and mHubs, and apply them to tech hubs in general. The toolkit is especially useful for current and future mLab and mHub managers. mLabs and mHubs are tech hubs established through grants administered by the infoDev Digital Entrepreneurship Program. infoDev is committed to supporting the analytical capacities of mLabs and mHubs. This toolkit is part of that agenda. It will help grantees to improve local implementation while setting a common framework on how to collaborate with infoDev on business analytics and performance measurements. The third target audience is mobile innovation specialists at other World Bank units and other development organizations, who design impact and measurement frameworks for tech hubs. Given the recent rise in numbers of tech hubs, international development organizations are exploring if and how they can be employed to achieve socio-economic development impact goals. In particular, tech hubs' flexibility and diverse potential effects have sparked interest but have also caused problems for specific and concrete analysis and projection of hubs' effects and impact. This toolkit addresses this complication. All elements of the toolkit that speak of infoDev's role in facilitating and coordinating with mLabs or mHubs on business analytics processes can be seen as use cases with potential for replication and adaptation by practitioners and decision makers of other development organizations, including relevant units of the World Bank
    DOI: 10.1596/24778
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    Namibia Identity Management : System Analysis (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Namibia should be congratulated on their forward looking and energetic public sector because of the strategic vision of the leadership, as could be observed in the Ministry of Home Affairs and Immigration (MHAI). MHAI is responsible for the technical and organizational infrastructureused to define, design, and administer the identity management system in Namibia.And from what could be observed there are systems and procedures in place to administer the registration of births and deaths and the linkage with the Namibian identification card. A complicating factor is the continued use of South West African (SWA) identity cards and the legacy register these represent. The fact that these have yet to be phased out represents both an administrative challenge which can delay identity verification processes, but also a security risk in that the issuance of the cards were based on standards that are different from today's requirements for strong verification and authentication practices. The digital connectivity is a prerequisite for the interoperability of databases for the purpose of efficient deployment and use of electronic identification cards, and as such is a cornerstone of an identity management system. Namibia appears to be in a transitional phase with respect to putting in place the infrastructure needed for making their electronic governance vision a reality.Introducing an e-ID card has the potential to increase the effectiveness of both the public and the private sectors, and improve service delivery to citizens and residents alike. The proposal to Namibia is to consider a multi-stepapproach to identification cards by phasing out the SWA and the current national identity card, while phasing in an electronic identification card.A number of policy decisions are necessary to establish a legal, institutional and technical basis for a digitally integrated identity management system for Namibia. Namibia has already advanced with respect to defining thefoundations for linking services and systems, as well as thinking ahead with respect to the development and implementation of the same
    DOI: 10.1596/24753
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    Innovation in Electronic Payment Adoption : The Case of Small Retailers (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This report aims to deepen the understanding of barriers to and incentives for the acceptance and use of electronic payments, from the perspective of micro, small and medium retailers (merchants). Developing and accelerating acceptance of electronic payments by these merchants is essential to expanding financial access. A basic transaction account for payments and deposits is considered an entry point to the formal financial system, and can act as a gateway for individuals to adopt other relevant financial services they need to smooth their consumption and manage income shocks. However, equipping individuals with only basic transaction accounts is not sufficient. The use case for payment services becomes increasingly effective as individuals gradually move to a cashless economy, where electronic payments are widely accepted for regular and frequent purchases. The report highlights important dimensions to consider in the efforts to expand electronic payments for merchants
    DOI: 10.1596/24700
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    What's Holding Back the Private Sector in MENA? : Lessons from the Enterprise Survey (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The formal private sector in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies needs to play a critical role for the overall economic transformation of the region. Creating a conducive environment for private sector development depends on a sound understanding of the performance of private firms, as well as the problems they face. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the World Bank (WB), have collaborated on a joint report - "What's Holding Back the Private Sector in MENA? Lessons from the Enterprise Survey". The report addresses four issues that are at the heart of private sector development in the MENA region: the general business environment; firm finance and financial constraints; employment in the private sector; and competitiveness, with a focus on trade, innovation and management practices. It provides an in depth analysis of these issues and discusses the policy responses that are needed. The report is based on the results of the MENA Enterprise Survey which was designed and financed jointly by the EBRD, the EIB and the WB, to gain a better understanding of factors affecting firms' behavior, firm dynamics and growth prospects. The survey covers some 6,000 firms in eight economies in the region and is a unique and rich source of information, now at the disposal of economists, the business community and policy makers
    DOI: 10.1596/24738
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    The Lao Trade Story : Implementing Trade Policy and Trade Facilitation Reforms in Lao PDR (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: In 2015, Lao PDR is virtually unrecognizable from what it was just a decade ago. A more open, more outward trade landscape has transformed the country from a closed-off backwater into a fast-growing developing country, complete with coffee shops, restaurants, and billboards lining the streets of what is now a much busier and more lively Vientiane. Rural-urban migration is underway as non-agricultural opportunities are on the rise. Importers and exporters are experiencing an increasing level of government transparency. Customs operations are nearly fully automated and border clearance times have been drastically reduced. As a crowning achievement-and after 15 years of negotiations, Lao PDR is now a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), with its eyes set on establishing itself as an equal partner in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Economic Community (AEC). The situation has improved to such an extent that the country has become a model for other Least Developed Countries (LDCs) undertaking trade reform. Optimism is in the air, and reformers know that having come so far there is still a tremendous amount to be done. Within the context of a complex and largely incomplete transition from a planned to a market economy, the strides taken by the Lao government in the relatively niche area of trade policy reform and trade facilitation merit attention. The country still has many visceral challenges to overcome. Trade reform is much less visible, quite often not a front-page story, and rarely capable of changing people's fortunes overnight. Rather, it is a process of deliberate, subtle changes that over time provide the atmosphere for a country to bloom, and Lao PDR is blooming. Understanding the scope and scale of reform that has occurred in order for the country to reach this point is not always easy. Without looking back over the last few years, without peering deeper into the structures that have changed, it is possible to miss just how remarkable this story truly is
    DOI: 10.1596/24977
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    Digital Identity : Towards Shared Principles for Public and Private Sector Cooperation (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The ability to prove one's identity is increasingly recognized as the basis for participation in social, political economic and cultural life. Yet at least a billion people in developing countries lack any form of officially recognized ID. This problem disproportionally impacts rural residents, poor people, women, children and other vulnerable groups in Africa and Asia. Digital identity, combined with the extensive use of mobile devices in the developing world, offers a transformative solution to this global challenge and provides public and private sector entities with efficient ways to reach the poorest and most disadvantage. This discussion paper, divided into three parts, explores the connection between digital identity and sustainable development. Part I illustrates how the use of digital identity promotes efficiency gains, financial savings, social inclusion and access to basic services and rights, with examples from countries that have adopted digital identity systems. The paper then outlines some of the key risks and challenges that must be overcome, specifically in the areas of political commitment, data protection and privacy, cost, and sustainable business models. Part II of the paper lays out the digital identity lifecycle and the roles of public and private sector players, and suggests some key considerations in the design of business models. Finally, Part III of the paper suggests some common principles - including universal coverage, appropriate and effective design, and privacy and data protection - and enablers for maximizing the potential of digital identity to contribute to sustainable development
    DOI: 10.1596/24920
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    Approaches to Capital Financing and Cost Recovery in Sewerage Schemes Implemented in India : Lessons Learned and Approaches for Future Schemes (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Water and Sanitation Program
    Abstract: This report aims to highlight some of the successful financial management practices adopted by Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in India when implementing sewerage schemes. The findings are presented in two parts, the first part of the report discusses the approach adopted for capital financing of sewerage schemes in the state of Tamil Nadu, and the second part presents the findings from a review of the operational expenditure and revenue generation of various ULBs across the country. The aim of the report is to share successful capital financing and cost recovery practices adopted by ULBs in India and enable improvement in provisioning of sewerage systems (only where feasible and economically viable, typically only in larger towns with a population greater than 50,000) and ensure availability of sufficient funds for proper Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of the schemes implemented
    DOI: 10.1596/24760
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    Septage Management Pilots and Capacity Building in Indonesia : Synthesis Report (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: This report is a synthesis of the technical assistance (TA) and recommendations, carried out by the World Bank water and sanitation program (WSP) since September 2014. To achieve the target of 100 percent improved sanitation, there is a national drive to improve fecal sludge management (FSM). This TA recognizes that to achieve the goals it is necessary to support the development of national FSM policies, regulations, and guidelines, while also improving capacity at the local level by supporting the implementation of improved FSM models in target cities. The objective of the TA was to provide government with tested advice on how to scale up improved septage management nationwide through: (i) improvement of septage management in three cities through the application of new management models (local level); and (ii) assistance to national government in training and capacity building and the formulation of policies and regulations to improve septage management at scale (national level). This report is structured as follows: chapter one is the executive summary; chapter two gives the background to sanitation in Indonesia and to fecal sludge management in particular; chapter three provides an overview of the TA approach; chapter four gives details of the implementation of the TA; chapter five summarizes the lessons learned; and chapter six outlines the recommendations and next steps
    DOI: 10.1596/24721
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    Leveraging the Rice Value Chain for Poverty Reduction in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Abstract: Rice is an important agricultural product and food staple in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), especially for its three low-income members - Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar. These countries are net exporters of rice, similar to their more advanced neighbors, Thailand and Vietnam, but their rice sector potential is still largely underutilized. They adopt slightly different approaches to rice sector development in terms of the role of the private sector, openness to foreign direct investments (FDI), and commitment to open trade, yet they all aim to remain competitive on export markets and to leverage this competitiveness for poverty reduction and boosted shared prosperity, while achieving other development outcomes such as better nutrition, climate-smart agriculture, and job creation. Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar are the 'target countries' of this report, while Thailand and Vietnam are the peers used for comparison and experience-sharing throughout the report. This report presents a summary of main findings, lessons learned, and policy recommendations from these workshops. The spectrum of discussions was broad, depending on the interest of each country to learn specific experiences from other countries or from the region and the world. Most workshops brought together private and public sector representatives to facilitate open dialogue and better integrate private sector objectives into agricultural strategies and policies
    DOI: 10.1596/24711
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    Assessing Basic Education Service Delivery in the Philippines : Public Education Expenditure Tracking and Quantitative Service Delivery Study (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: Over the last decade, the ...
    DOI: 10.1596/24676
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    Opening for Business : Myanmar Diagnostic Trade Integration Study (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Abstract: As part of the Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) program for Trade-Related Assistance to Least Developed Countries (LCDs), which Myanmar joined in April 2013, the Government of Myanmar has asked the World Bank Group (WBG) to be the implementing agency for a Diagnostic Trade Integration Study (DTIS). The general objectives of a DTIS are: (i) to assist the government in mainstreaming trade and competitiveness in the country's overall development strategy; (ii) to provide a diagnostic and analytical tool to prioritize and sequence key reforms in the area of trade and competitiveness; and (iii) to provide a platform for development partners to coordinate action and align trade related assistance with government priorities. This DTIS has identified a number of domestic and external constraints facing Myanmar as it strives to leverage regional and global integration for inclusive, export-led growth. Based on this, the current report provides analytical input on the linkages between trade and poverty, and highlights key steps to remove bottlenecks in terms of trade policy and trade facilitation
    DOI: 10.1596/24665
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    Providing Schools with Enough Resources to Deliver Quality Education in the Philippines (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Abstract: Providing schools with direct funding to meet their operational needs is the cornerstone of the government's efforts to strengthen school-based management in the Philippines. Over the past five years, funds that the government has provided directly to schools to support their maintenance and other operating expenses have increased by 45 percent in real terms, demonstrating the government's commitment both to increasing operational funding and to providing schools with the funding that they need to implement their own improvement plans
    DOI: 10.1596/24742
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    Kazakhstan Economic Update, Summer 2016 : A Long Road to Recovery (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: This edition of the Kazakhstan Economic Update is part of a biannual series designed to monitor economic developments in Kazakhstan. It presents a concise analysis of macroeconomic and structural conditions from late 2015 through the first five months of 2016
    DOI: 10.1596/24912
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    Understanding the Drivers of Public School Performance and Efficiency in the Philippines (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Abstract: This note attempts to identify the factors associated with differences in overall school performance and efficiency. It draws on data from the Philippines Public Education Expenditure Tracking and Quantitative Service Delivery Study (PETS-QSDS), which tracked public education spending and assessed the quality of the systems governing the use of these funds. The note also draws on the findings from other policy notes in this series to identify the key factors that determine the links between public spending and education outcomes. The note found that school performance is related to several of these key factors including school governance and school infrastructure. It also found that student and school characteristics, school-level accountability mechanisms, and some teacher characteristics are associated with how efficiently schools can convert their financial, physical, and human resources into improved education outcomes. However, given the limitations of using cross-sectional data, the findings are not strong, and factors associated with good performance tend to vary a lot according to the level of education and the performance measures that were being analyzed. While more rigorous research is needed, the policy note provides tentative evidence that the factors often associated with better performance are not functioning effectively in the Philippines
    DOI: 10.1596/24741
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    Enhancing Competitiveness in Sri Lanka (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Abstract: Sri Lanka needs to address new challenges if it is to sustain its strong record of economic growth and poverty reduction. The country has in many respects been a development success story, with average growth exceeding 6 percent and a threefold decline in poverty using the national poverty line over the past 10 years. However, low productivity, high reliance on non-tradable sectors and a stale export basket highlight the need to enhance private sector competitiveness as a way to create one million new jobs. The Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) has recognized the need to adopt a policy agenda that strengthens the competitiveness of the country's private sector in order to achieve inclusive and sustainable growth. The new Government has emphasized the need to realize Sri Lanka's trade potential as a way to accelerate the transformation of the economy and generate new and more attractive opportunities for Sri Lanka's labor force.Unleashing the competitiveness potential of Sri Lankan enterprises will require addressing a wide range of factors. this note focuses on opportunities to improve areas directly impacting the competitiveness of the private sector, including streamlining the regulations governing the activities of the private sector to reduce the cost of doing business; strengthening trade policies to eliminate biases against exports; enhancing trade facilitation to reduce the costs and time it takes to export; enhancing the ability of the country to attract, retain and integrate FDI; enhancing innovation and entrepreneurship and strengthening accessibility to financial services. It is important to note, that there are small islands of Research and Development (R&D) progress in Sri Lanka. Going forward, as Sri Lanka aspires to become a higher middle income economy driven by higher addedvalue exports, major reforms will be required in its investment climate; investment, innovation andtrade policies and the efficiency of the institutions governing the activities of domestic and foreign firms.This note summarizes the main findings of this work and outlines options forimplementation of reforms needed
    DOI: 10.1596/24927
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    Government Expenditure on Health in Lao PDR : Overall Trends and Findings from a Health Center Survey (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Abstract: This policy note provides an overview of government health financing in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), with an added focus on health center financing. The note summarizes overall trends in health outcomes and government health financing over 2000-2014 and analyzes trends in planned and realized government budgetary health spending data covering fiscal years (FYs) 2000/01 to 2013/14 and planned expenditures for FYs 2014/15, updating a previous assessment conducted in 2012.1 In addition, this note summarizes findings from health center financing data collected as part of the UFGE-CNP facility survey which collected information from a nationally-representative sample of 120 health centers in 2013-14. This policy note is one of a series designed to disseminate findings of the World Bank's program of analytic and advisory activities for health in Lao PDR
    DOI: 10.1596/24943
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    Montenegro Achieving Sustainable and Inclusive Growth Amidst High Volatility : Systematic Country Diagnostic (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Abstract: This Systematic County Diagnostics is organized into six parts. The first part presents a brief overview of the country's recent socio-political and economic context. The second part examines the links between poverty, income distribution and economic growth, through the labor market, against the background of large changes in international capital flows and the unfinished structural reform agenda. The third part, examines the sustainability and vulnerability of the current growth model. The fourth part examines the structural constraints to sustainable and inclusive growth and poverty reduction, while the fifth part reviews the governance and the rule of law foundations. The assessment of each constraint is followed by a description of what the Government of Montenegro (GoM) is doing to address the issue. The sixth part examines priorities and opportunities
    DOI: 10.1596/24589
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    South East Europe, No. 9, Spring 2016 : Rebalancing for Stronger Growth (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Growth in the six South East European countries (SEE6) rebounded to 2.1 percent in 2015, as investment revived. The SEE6 region is not only growing but also rebalancing to more durable sources of growth. While higher growth in 2015 brought new jobs in the private sector, and helped poverty reduction to resume, unemployment is still entrenched. In 2015, fiscal deficits continued to narrow in all SEE6 countries except Montenegro. With inflation at historic lows, accommodative monetary policy supported growth, and credit to the economy slowly began to grow. The near-term baseline outlook for the region is positive. Fiscal and current account deficits must decline further to support growth. Sustaining the nascent rebalancing requires unlocking the growth potential of the SEE6 economics by reversing productivity dynamics that have been deteriorating since 2008. The agenda for reducing the structural rigidities that impede growth is broad based and centered on five pillars: eliminate disincentives and barriers to formal; employment; improve the business climate and governance; reduce the size of government while improving quality of service delivery; deepen trade and financial integration; and ensure that natural resource use is sustainable
    DOI: 10.1596/24399
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    Cambodia Economic Update, April 2016 : Improving Macroeconomic and Financial Resilience (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: While remaining robust, growth in 2015 eased slightly to 7.0 percent, slightly below the 7.1 percent achieved in 2014. The performance of the garment sector improved in 2015, while signs of economic moderation and weakness persisted in the tourism and agriculture sectors, respectively. Cambodia's real growth is projected to remain healthy at 6.9 percent in 2016, driven partly by a significant increase in government spending. Strong garment exports should help to offset a slowdown in agriculture, while the construction sector is expected to continue to remain an engine of growth. Downside risks to this outlook include potential renewed labor issues, continued appreciation of the United States (U.S.) dollar, slower economic recovery in Europe, and spillovers from a slowdown in the Chinese economy. The downward trend in poverty is expected to continue over the next few years, albeit at a slower pace, given the context of sluggish agriculture growth
    DOI: 10.1596/24392
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    Ethiopia Public Expenditure Review (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: Ethiopia's remarkable socio-economic transformation over the last decade has been marked by: a reorientation of expenditure from recurrent to capital; a significant devolution of resources from Federal Government to Regions; and a clear prioritization of infrastructure spending, while protecting spending on education at four percent of GDP. The Government of Ethiopia has also leveraged external resources to boost spending in pro-poor sectors, particularly health and social protection. As a result, Ethiopia is home to the largest social safety net program in Africa, and has also achieved remarkable health outcomes using cost effective approaches. Recent investments have seen a significant build-up of capital stock, with capital spending at sector level pointing towards increased service capacity. The current public investment-led strategy requires to be complemented by increased budgetary provisions in operations and maintenance so that new investments translate into enhanced service coverage and delivery. As Ethiopia lays the foundation to become a middle income country, and the changing global environment implies declining external assistance, it is imperative that domestic taxation activity support this transition. The current tax-to-GDP ratio is low compared to peer countries, and the tax structure would benefit from increased contributions by direct tax sources. Therefore, there is an immediate need for advancing tax reforms and improve capacity and quality of tax administration. Broadening the tax bases, through review of exemptions, as well as review of tax rates might be venues to consider. Additional revenues will create the much-needed fiscal space to increase funding for operations and maintenance for service delivery, and support fiscal sustainability. As a follow-up to this Public Expenditure Review, the Government of Ethiopia has asked the World Bank to provide further analytical support, with a view to enhance domestic revenue mobilization through simpler and more efficient taxation, while retaining equity priorities in public finances
    DOI: 10.1596/24370
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    West Bank and Gaza : High Level Technical Assessment on e-Government (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: The Palestinian Authority (PA) is in the early phase of its e-goverment journey and aims to utilize ICT to deliver services to its citizens and businesses to improve social well-beng and facilitate economic development. The PA aims to serve 12.1 million Palestinians in the West Bank (2.7 million), the Gaza Strip (1.7 million), and the remaining 7.7 million Palestinians who are dispersed among 28 different countries. Many Palestinians are refugees, including more than one million in the Gaza Strip, 750,000 in the West Bank, and about 250,000 in Israel. Of the Palestinian population residing abroad, otherwise known as the Palestinian diaspora, more than half are considered stateless, lacking citizenship in any country. The combination of the ongoing Israeli-Palestiniann conflict as well as the diaspora situation makes implementation of e-goverment projects in the West Bank and Gaza (WBG) unique and complex. A review of e-goverment documentation and stakeholder interviews reveals that the PA has made reasonable progress on e-goverment amidst a challenging environment, but it is still in the nascent phase in terms of delivering benefits to its constituents. There are numerous challenges for the successful implementation of e-goverment, including geopolitical conflict, insufficient legislation to facilitate electronic transactions, limited budget to support e-goverment projects, inadequate policies and standards, and limited capacity within the e-goverment unit under the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Technology (MTIT). The PA is at a key moment in its e-goverment journey. It is an opportunistic time to drive modernization of its public administration and public service delivery through use of ICT, offer better services to citizens, and promote economic growth
    DOI: 10.1596/24583
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    Activation and Public Employment Services in Poland : Enhancing Labor Market Policies for the Out-of-Work Population (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Abstract: This policy note analyzes the profile of the out of work in Poland and compares this with the current set of labor market policies, in particular Public Employment Services. The note relied on existing data from the Polish Labor Force Survey, the tax and benefit model, expenditure data in Poland and the EU, qualitative and institutional analysis to prepare a profile of the out of work population, understand the various segments of vulnerable populations in need and the contrast it with the supply and quality of services for labor market support
    DOI: 10.1596/29831
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    Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Education Sector Public Expenditure Review (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: This education sector public expenditure review (PER) aims to respond to policy questions on the mind of the Jordanian Ministry of Education (MOE) using data readily available to the Ministry as well as common analytical techniques. Despite impressive achievements in terms of access to education, policymakers in Jordan are keenly aware of the relatively low student learning outcomes in the country. This PER uses available MOE Education Management Information System (EMIS) and Ministry of Finance (MOF) budget data, in addition to other readily available sources of data, to shed light on the performance of the Jordanian education system and address policymakers' concerns. The EMIS currently includes data by school on numbers of teachers and students; physical attributes such as land area, buildings, and classrooms; in addition to the school's geographic location, type, and supervising authority. The present EMIS therefore allows for relatively detailed analysis of the Jordanian schooling system, as will be shown in this report. However, the EMIS also entails shortcomings, as it does not allow for calculation of repetition and drop-out rates, for example, nor does it include any school financial data. The present report begins by describing the achievements as well as shortcomings of Jordan's education system (Section two); Section three describes the current education learning environment, including some detail on the basic system attributes of school size, class size, and student-teacher ratio; Section four then turns to public education spending and its allocation across capital and recurrent spending, as well as the costs associated with the Syrian crisis; Section five hones in on teacher compensation in particular, given its large share in spending; and Section six provides resulting recommendations and international good practice for policymakers' consideration
    DOI: 10.1596/29871
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    Lessons from International Experience in Designing the Development Bank of Nigeria (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Nigeria has recorded robust growth for more than a decade, and its economy has become more diversified with less reliance on oil, although oil revenue remains a critical source of fiscal revenues and foreign exchange. The recent plunge in oil prices demonstrates how exposed economic growth and the fiscal situation remain to changes in oil prices. Reducing the impact of volatility in oil prices will be important in sustaining growth and thereby reducing the unemployment rate on a sustainable basis, especially among young people. Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have a vital role to play in supporting the further diversification of Nigeria's economy
    DOI: 10.1596/30048
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    Ghana Access to Finance (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Abstract: Ghana has low levels of financial inclusion of individuals and access to finance for firms remains a major challenge; some of the key issues include low ownership and usage of accounts, dominance of cash, limited access points, limited electronic and mobile transactions, and high collateral, overall limiting outreach. Financial inclusion figures fare well compared to the Sub- Saharan Africa region, but in absolute terms only 40.5 percent of adults have an account at formal financial institution. Ownership and usage of electronic payment instruments is very low and the majority of transactions are conducted in cash. Mobile banking in Ghana is at a nascent stage with only 13 percent of adults having a mobile account and the number of mobile phone-based financial transactions is incipient. While majority of small and medium firms have access to formal accounts, large majority of them relies on internal finance for investments, with only around 23 percent having a bank loan or line of credit. Private sector credit to GDP is low at about 19 percent in 2014. Ghana's limited infrastructure restricts access to both formal and unregulated financial institution, particularly in rural areas, with limited number of branches and ATM networks. Finally, high collateral requirements of over 200 percent of the loan amount for all-sized firms and over 250 percent for small firms, with real property as the most frequent type of collateral required, makes access to formal finance virtually prohibitive for many firms. The Access to Finance Note for Ghana identifies key issues and recommendations to enhance access to formal financial services for firms and to promote financial inclusion of individuals. The note provides a status of financial inclusion and access to finance in Ghana, along with a review of banking and microfinance sectors, including decomposition of interest rate spreads based on available data, leasing sector, as well as key financial infrastructure issues related to credit reporting, secured transactions, and payment system. Further, this note complements a collection of analytical work related to access to finance agenda, including notes on the microfinance sector, private equity and venture capital, diagnostic review of financial consumer protection, and a study on development finance, all providing more details on these topics
    DOI: 10.1596/30216
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    Croatia's EU Accession : Case Studies on Reform and the Transposition of the Community Acquis (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Abstract: Croatia, a founding member of the former Republic of Yugoslavia and a current member of the European Union (EU), is a high-income country in Europe and Central Asia. Given that high quality financial reporting promotes good corporate governance, reduces uncertainty and risk, can help to lower the cost of capital, and boosts investor confidence, it will play a critical role in the country's strategy to champion private sector led growth for economic development. Croatia's preparation to join the EU required reform of its corporate financial reporting framework and practices, among other things, and laid the foundation for enhanced financial reporting and increased transparency. Although the country's accession to the EU on July 1, 2013 was a single historical point in time, it encapsulated years of transformation of the statutory and institutional framework in every aspect of the economic, social, and political spheres of the country. The purpose of this report, which focuses on Croatia's adoption and implementation of the corporate financial reporting aspects of the acquis', company law, is to enhance understanding of how successful transitions work in practice, that is, what makes some reforms succeed where others fail. It attempts to answer questions such as: what happens when countries adopt international standards; what issues arise when one tries to merge differing legal traditions; how to achieve reform when there are capacity constraints and key implementing institutions are missing; what are the different strategies that can be used during various phases of a reform process; and, more generally, what factors encourage failure or lead to success?
    DOI: 10.1596/30308
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    Fiscal Space for Health in Bangladesh : Towards Universal Health Coverage (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Abstract: A strong health financing system will be an important priority as Bangladesh seeks to meet theexpectations of its population and embrace its future as a middle-income country. The objective of this report is to present policymakers with a foundation for an informed discussionabout government health spending and future health financing options in Bangladesh. It analyzesalternative sources of additional health financing and their potential contribution to higher spending in the sector. The findings will be relevant to both the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and can inform a dialogue between the two Ministries as the government seeks a way forward.Fiscal space for health is a particularly important policy challenge for Bangladesh because it currently has one of the lowest levels of government health spending in the world.Fiscal space for health refers to the availability of budgetary room that would allow a government to increase health spending without jeopardizing the sustainability of its fiscal position. In general there are five potential sources of fiscal space: (1) economic growth which translates into more overall government revenues and, in turn, a larger health budget; (2) a reprioritization within the budget in favor of health, resulting in higher expenditures; (3) increased overseas development assistance (ODA) for health; (4) an increase in health-specific resources, such as earmarked taxation or insurance contributions; and (5) greater efficiency in the use of existing health budget resources such that additional resources become available for new spending.The report also presents illustrative scenarios to show the potential impact that these channels can have on fiscal space for health in Bangladesh going forward. In summary, financing health in Bangladesh over the short to medium term will require a combination of existing and additional domestic resources that result from economic growth, improved tax collection, and most significantly a moderate re-prioritization of the budget in favor of the health sector. A longer-term agenda will relate to the possibility of generating additional resources through individual contributions starting with the formal employed sector, if that is the path chosen
    DOI: 10.1596/30521
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    Macroeconomic Management for Poverty Reduction : Chad, Mali, Niger (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Macroeconomic management in Chad, Mali and Niger needs to account for a number of specific parameters. Very rapid population growth exerts immense pressure on the demand for education and health services. Economic activity and prices are strongly influenced by climatic variations, and exports and government revenues depend on a few commodities whose price widely fluctuate. Security threats complicate budget planning and divert public resource from developmental uses. Belonging to monetary unions strengthens macroeconomic stability, but limits as well the range of policy instruments at the disposal of countries' authorities to address the many developmental challenges they face
    DOI: 10.1596/30953
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    Thailand Economic Monitor 2016 : Services as a New Driver of Growth (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Economic growth is expected to attain 3.1 percent in both 2016 and 3.2 percent in 2017 accelerating from 2.8 percent last year with private consumption and public investment as key drivers as consumer sentiment recovers, households deleverage and large public infrastructure projects are implemented. The Thai economy decelerated to 3.2 percent in 2016Q3 compared to 3.5 percent in Q2 as public spending, private investment and private consumption slowed. A frm recovery has yet to take hold amid a slowdown in domestic demand in 2016Q3. Major drivers of growth associated with economic recovery such as private consumption and private investment have yet to show a broad-based and sustained expansion. Public spending and private consumption are projected to underpin growth in 2017 with headwinds from more uncertain global economic prospects. Continued commitment to implementing structural reforms is critical to raising the long-term growth path
    DOI: 10.1596/31239
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    Water and Sanitation Services : Achieving Sustainable Outcomes with Indigenous Peoples in Latin America and the Caribbean (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water and Sanitation Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Indigenous peoples in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) are 10 to 25 percent less likely to have access to piped water and 26 percent less likely to have access to improved sanitation solutions than the region's non-indigenous population. Historically, Indigenous peoples have been marginalized from the development process in their own countries and still suffer discrimination from the mainstream societies today. Oftentimes, Indigenous territories are overlooked or avoided by Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) project planners and proponents given their lack of understanding of how to engage or carry out projects in collective or semi-autonomous Indigenous territories, the remoteness of these areas, and the high associated per capita cost of a potential operation, among other reasons. The significant gap in Indigenous peoples' access to WSS services, a basic human right that is closely linked to economic and social wellbeing, alongside the lack of established tools in the sector to guide engagement in Indigenous territories, motivated the creation of this Toolkit. The objective of the Toolkit is to provide practical guidance and operational tools to improve the inclusion of, engagement with, and delivery of sustainable WSS services to Indigenous peoples in LAC in order to permanently close the WSS service gap. The Toolkit summarizes the findings of interviews, consultations, and field visits carried out by a multi-sector, multi-national World Bank Team in 37 Indigenous communities located in urban, peri-urban and rural areas in seven LAC countries where the World Bank or other development actors had implemented WSS projects with Indigenous peoples
    DOI: 10.1596/25405
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    Kenya Economic Update, October 2016 : Beyond Resilience--Increasing Productivity of Public Investments (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Kenya is one of the bright spots in Sub-Saharan Africa. With economic growth rates sustained at above 5 percent, Kenya has outperformed the regional average, for 8 consecutive years. Robust domestic demand emanating from private consumption and government investment are the key drivers of growth, underpinned by a stable macroeconomic environment, lower oil prices, diversification, improved security perceptions, and ongoing structural reforms. Medium term economic prospects for Kenya remain robust. Ongoing public infrastructure investments will continue to play a 'crowding-in' role, easing transport and energy costs, and supporting economic expansion in construction andindustry. Private consumption will drive service sector growth, while agricultural sector will remain largely dependent on favorable weather conditions and timely availability of inputs. Though oil prices are expected to pick-up over the forecast horizon, Kenya's external sector account will remain healthy on account of a steady increase in remittances, a rebound in tourism and a rise in foreign direct Investment (FDI). Nonetheless, there exist downside risks that can dent future growth prospects. Risks to Kenya's future growth prospects that are not included in our baseline outlook emanate from both external and domestic sources. On the external front, these include weaker than expected growth in the global economy, volatility in global financial markets and a spike in oil prices. On the domestic front, these include delays to fiscal consolidation, adverse weather developments, and potential uncertainties associated with the run-up to 2017 elections that could lead to a wait-and-see attitude by investors, thereby dampening short-term growth prospects
    DOI: 10.1596/25380
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Poverty Mapping in Tajikistan : Method and Key Findings (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: National poverty rates are traditionally measured using survey data. To allow for frequent monitoring and to contain the costs of gathering detailed information, such surveys sample only a small subset of the population. This approach necessarily leads to sampling errors however, and as a consequence, a typical household income or expenditure survey cannot produce statistically reliable poverty estimates for small geographic units. This report discusses two means of addressing the issue. The first is commonly referred to as poverty mapping, and derives estimates of monetary poverty as it was officially measured in Tajikistan at the time of the surveys used in the analysis. The second is a multi-dimensional poverty index (MPI) that combines information about individual deprivations to summarize a complimentary, but unofficial, measure of poverty incidence. Poverty mapping is a powerful approach to measuring welfare for highly disaggregated geographic units. A variety of poverty mapping methods have been devised to overcome the increasing imprecision of poverty estimates as they are disaggregated. The standard strategy for estimating a poverty map involves three main stages: (a) identify a comparable set of variables that appear in both the census and the household survey; (b) estimate consumption as a function of the comparable set of variables; and (c) compute welfare indicators on census records based on the parameters derived from the estimations carried out on data from the household survey
    DOI: 10.1596/25362
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making Climate Finance Work in Agriculture (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This discussion paper was ...
    DOI: 10.1596/25366
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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