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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (361)
  • Online Resource  (361)
  • 2010-2014  (299)
  • 2000-2004  (62)
  • Philosophy  (361)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319004044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 285 p. 63 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 364
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Rodin, Andrei Axiomatic method and category theory
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Algebra ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Algebra ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Axiomatische Methode ; Kategorientheorie ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Mathematik
    Abstract: This volume explores the many different meanings of the notion of the axiomatic method, offering an insightful historical and philosophical discussion about how these notions changed over the millennia. The author, a well-known philosopher and historian of mathematics, first examines Euclid, who is considered the father of the axiomatic method, before moving onto Hilbert and Lawvere. He then presents a deep textual analysis of each writer and describes how their ideas are different and even how their ideas progressed over time. Next, the book explores category theory and details how it has revolutionized the notion of the axiomatic method. It considers the question of identity/equality in mathematics as well as examines the received theories of mathematical structuralism. In the end, Rodin presents a hypothetical New Axiomatic Method, which establishes closer relationships between mathematics and physics. Lawvere's axiomatization of topos theory and Voevodsky's axiomatization of higher homotopy theory exemplify a new way of axiomatic theory building, which goes beyond the classical Hilbert-style Axiomatic Method. The new notion of Axiomatic Method that emerges in categorical logic opens new possibilities for using this method in physics and other natural sciences. This volume offers readers a coherent look at the past, present and anticipated future of the Axiomatic Method
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPart I A Brief History of the Axiomatic Method -- Chapter 1. Euclid: Doing and Showing -- Chapter 2. Hilbert: Making It Formal -- Chapter 3. Formal Axiomatic Method and the 20th Century Mathematics -- Chapter. 4 Lawvere: Pursuit of Objectivity -- Conclusion of Part 1 -- Part II. Identity and Categorification -- Chapter 5. Identity in Classical and Constructive Mathematics -- Chapter 6. Identity Through Change, Category Theory and Homotopy Theory -- Conclusion of Part 2 -- Part III. Subjective Intuitions and Objective Structures -- Chapter 7. How Mathematical Concepts Get Their Bodies. Chapter 8. Categories versus Structures -- Chapter 9. New Axiomatic Method (instead of conclusion) -- Bibliography.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401787802
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 191 p. 10 illus., 1 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 79
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Poincaré, philosopher of science
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Differentiable dynamical systems ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Differentiable dynamical systems ; Poincaré, Henri 1854-1912 ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: This volume presents a selection of papers from the Poincaré Project of the Center for the Philosophy of Science, University of Lisbon, bringing together an international group of scholars with new assessments of Henri Poincaré's philosophy of science-both its historical impact on the foundations of science and mathematics, and its relevance to contemporary philosophical inquiry. The work of Poincaré (1854-1912) extends over many fields within mathematics and mathematical physics. But his scientific work was inseparable from his groundbreaking philosophical reflections, and the scientific ferment in which he participated was inseparable from the philosophical controversies in which he played a pre-eminent part. The subsequent history of the mathematical sciences was profoundly influenced by Poincaré’s philosophical analyses of the relations between and among mathematics, logic, and physics, and, more generally, the relations between formal structures and the world of experience. The papers in this collection illuminate Poincaré’s place within his own historical context as well as the implications of his work for ours
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceIntroduction; Robert DiSalle and María de Paz -- Part I Poincaré’s Philosophy of Science -- 1 Portrait of Henri Poincaré as a young philosopher: the formative years (1860-1873); Laurent Rollet -- 2 The Invention of Convention; Janet Folina -- 3 The third way epistemology: A re-characterization of Poincaré’s conventionalism; María de Paz -- 4 Poincaré, Indifferent Hypotheses and Metaphysics; Antonio Videira -- Part II Poincaré on the Foundations of Mathematics -- 5 Poincaré in Göttingen; Reinhard Kahle -- 6 Poincaré on the Principles of the Calculus; Augusto J. Franco de Oliveira -- 7 Does the French Connection (Poincaré, Lautman) provide some insights regarding the thesis that meta-mathematics is an exception to the slogan that mathematics concerns structures?; Gerhard Heinzmann.- Part III Poincaré on the Foundations of Physics -- 8 Henri Poincaré: The status of mechanical explanations and the foundations of statistical mechanics; João Príncipe -- 9 Poincaré: A scientist inspired by his philosophy; Isabella Serra -- 10 Poincaré on the construction of space-time; Robert DiSalle -- Contributors -- Index.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9783319013695
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 349 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Library of ethics and applied philosophy 32
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Empirically informed ethics
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Biology Philosophy ; Applied psychology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Biology Philosophy ; Applied psychology ; Konferenzschrift 2010 ; Empirische Forschung ; Moralisches Urteil
    Abstract: This volume provides an overview of the most recent developments in empirical investigations of morality and assesses their impact and importance for ethical thinking. It involves contributions of scholars both from philosophy, theology and empirical sciences with firm standings in their own disciplines, but an inclination to step across borders-in particular the one between the world of facts and the world of norms. Human morality is complex, and probably even messy-and this clean distinction becomes blurred whenever one looks more closely at the various components that enable and influence our moral actions and ethical orientations. In that way, morality may indeed be located between facts and norms-and an empirically informed ethics that is less concerned with analytical purity but immerses into this moral complexity may be an important step to make the contributions of ethics to this world more valuable and relevant
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Bridging the Is-Ought-DichotomyPart I: What is Empirically Informed Ethics? -- Markus Christen, Mark Alfano’ Outlining the Field - A Research Program for Empirically Informed Ethics -- Johannes Fischer; What Kind of Ethics? - How the Understanding of the Fields Affects the Role of Empirical Research on Morality for Ethics -- Adriano Naves de Brito; Moral Behavior and Moral Sentiments - On the Natural Basis for Moral Values -- Part II: Investigating Origins of Morality -- Carel P. van Schaik, Judith Burkart, Adrian Jaeggi, Claudia Rudolf von Rohr; Morality as a Biological Adaptation - an Evolutionary Model based on the Lifestyle of Human Foragers -- Sarah F. Brosnan; Precursors of Morality - Evidence for Moral Behaviors in Non-Human Primates -- Jesse J. Prinz; Where Do Morals Come From? - A Plea for a Cultural Approach -- Part III: Assessing the Moral Agent -- Carmen Tanner, Markus Christen; Moral Intelligence - A Framework for Understanding Moral Competences -- Kristin Prehn, Hauke Heekeren; Moral Brains - Possibilities and Limits of the Neuroscience of Ethics -- Shaun Nichols, Mark Timmons, Theresa Lopez; Using Experiments in Ethics - Ethical Conservatism and the Psychology of Moral Luck -- Part IV: Justifications between Rational Reflections and Intuitions -- Ghislaine J.M.W. van Thiel, Johannes J.M. van Delden; Intuitions in Moral Reasoning - Normative Empirical Reflective Equilibrium as a Model for Substantial Justification of Moral Claims -- Bert Musschenga; Moral Expertise - The Role of Expert Judgments and Expert Intuitions in the Constitution of (Local) Ethical Theories -- Erich H. Witte &, Tobias Gollan; Social Variability in Moral Judgments - Analyzing the Justification of Actions using the Prescriptive Attribution Concept -- Part V: Practicing Morality and Ethics in the Real World; Darcia Narvaez, Daniel Lapsley -- Becoming a Moral Person - Moral Development and Moral Character Education as a Result of Social Interactions -- Markus Huppenbauer, Carmen Tanner; Ethical Leadership - How to Integrate Empirical and Ethical Aspects for Promoting Moral Decision Making in Business Practice -- Tanja Krones; The Empirical Turn in Bioethics - From Boundary Work to a Context-Sensitive, Transdisciplinary Field of Inquiry -- Critical Postscript -- Antti Kauppinen; Ethics and Empirical Psychology - Critical Remarks to Empirically Informed Ethics -- References -- Index -- Authors.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bielefeld :Transcript-Verl.,
    ISBN: 3-8376-2911-2 , 978-3-8394-2911-2
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (518 S.).
    Series Statement: Edition moderne Postmoderne
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Zeno ; Bergson, Henri ; Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich ; Cassirer, Ernst ; Bourdieu, Pierre ; Zeit. ; Dauer. ; Bewegung. ; Körper. ; Erkenntnistheorie. ; Änderung. ; Philosophie. ; Zeit ; Dauer ; Bewegung ; Körper ; Eleaticus v495-v445 Zeno ; 1859-1941 Bergson, Henri ; Bewegung ; Zeit ; Dauer ; Erkenntnistheorie ; 1770-1831 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich ; Bewegung ; Änderung ; Philosophie ; 1874-1945 Cassirer, Ernst ; Bewegung ; Änderung ; Philosophie ; 1930-2002 Bourdieu, Pierre ; Bewegung ; Änderung ; Philosophie
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400766006
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 269 p. 156 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 17
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Handbook of philosophical logic ; 17
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: This second edition of the Handbook of Philosophical Logic reflects great changes in the landscape of philosophical logic since the first edition. It gives readers an idea of that landscape and its relation to computer science and formal language and artificial intelligence. It shows how the increased demand for philosophical logic from computer science and artificial intelligence and computational linguistics accelerated the development of the subject directly and indirectly. This development in turn, directly pushed research forward, stimulated by the needs of applications. New logic areas becameestablished and old areas were enriched and expanded. At the same time, it socially provided employment for generations of logicians residing in computer science, linguistics and electrical engineering departments which of course helped keep the logic community to thrive. The many contributors to this Handbook are active in these application areas and are among the most famous leading figures of applied philosophical logic of our times
    Description / Table of Contents: Editorial Preface; Dov M. GabbayHybrid Logic; Torben Braüner -- Nominal Terms and Nominal Logics: From Foundations to Meta-mathematics; Murdoch J. Gabbay -- Introduction to Labelled Deductive Systems; Dov M. Gabbay -- Index.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9783319059846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 398 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in German Idealism 16
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Nitzan, Lior Jacob Sigismund Beck’s Standpunctslehre and the Kantian Thing-in-itself Debate
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Beck, Jacob Sigismund 1761-1840 ; Ding an sich ; Abstraktion ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Kantianismus
    Abstract: This book examines the unique views of philosopher Jacob Sigismund Beck, a student of Immanuel Kant who devoted himself to an exploration of his teacher's doctrine and to showing that Kant’s transcendental idealism is, contra to the common view, both internally consistent and is not a form of subjective idealism. In his attempt to explain away certain apparent contradictions found in Kant's system, Beck put forward a new reading of Kant’s critical theory, a view, which came to be known as the Standpunctslehre, the Doctrine of the Standpoint. Author Lior Nitzan reconstructs, step by step, the historical development of Beck’s doctrine. He shows how Beck's unique view is drastically different from that of his contemporaries and presents the relevance of Beck to contemporary debates about the proper interpretation of Kant’s notion of objectivity, the refutation of idealism and the role of the thing in itself in Kant’s transcendental idealism. In doing so, Nitzan presents a defense of Beck's radical perspective of Kant’s theory and claims that some of Kant’s negative responses to it may in fact be due more to the adversary academic environment at the time than to Kant’s true, well considered, opinion. Jacob Sigismund Beck’s Standpunctslehre challenges the two dominant schools in the interpretation of Kant’s transcendental idealism-the "two world" and the "two aspect" view. It presents a new way of understanding Kant’s transcendental idealism, according to which the thing in itself plays no positive role in relation to the possibility of experience. Moreover, it claims that eliminating the thing in itself as the ultimate object of knowledge is not to admit idealism but in fact is the only way to consistently uphold realism. In addition, the book also addresses the question why, assuming that the proposed interpretation is correct, Kant had chosen not to make his true intentions clear
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789048129218
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 422 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy 5
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dao companion to Japanese Confucian philosophy
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Regional planning ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, Confucian--Japan. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Japan ; Konfuzianismus ; Ideengeschichte 1600-1868
    Abstract: This volume features in-depth philosophical analyses of major Japanese Confucian philosophers as well as themes and topics addressed in their writings. Its main historical focus is the early-modern period (1600-1868), when much original Confucian philosophizing occurred. Written by scholars from the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, Japan, and China and eclectic in methodology and disciplinary approach, this anthology seeks to advance new multidimensional studies of Japanese Confucian philosophy for English language readers. It presents essays that focus on Japanese Confucianism, while including topics related to Buddhism, Shintō, Nativism, and even Andō Shōeki 安藤昌益 (1703-1762), one of the most vehement critics of Confucianism in all of East Asia. The book builds on the premise that Japanese Confucian philosophy consists in the ongoing engagement in critical, self-reflective discussions of and speculative theorizing about ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, political theory, and spiritual problems, as well as aesthetics, cosmology, and ontology
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  • 8
    ISBN: 3161564316 , 3161524195 , 9783161524196 , 9783161564314
    Language: English , Greek, Ancient (to 1453)
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 208 pages)
    Series Statement: Sapere Band 24
    Uniform Title: De insomniis
    Uniform Title: De insomniis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als On prophecy, dreams and human imagination
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Synesius, Cyrenensis, 370 - 412 On prophecy, dreams and human imagination
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    Keywords: Synesius ; Imagination Early works to 1800 Religious aspects ; Christianity ; Dreams Early works to 1800 ; Prophecy Early works to 1800 Christianity ; Prophecy ; Christianity ; Imagination ; Religious aspects ; Christianity ; Dreams ; EDUCATION / Higher ; Griechenland ; Early works ; Traum ; Traumdeutung ; Neuplatonismus ; Electronic books ; Quelle ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Griechenland ; Traum ; Traumdeutung ; Neuplatonismus ; Synesius Cyrenensis 370-412 De insomniis
    Abstract: Text [of De insomniis], translation and notes / text and translation by Donald A. Russell -- Essays. Outline of a general history of speculation about dreams / Ursula Bittrich -- Phantasia in De insomniis / Anne Sheppard -- Dream divination and the neoplatonic search for salvation / Sebastian Gertz -- Synesius and the pneumatic vehicle of the soul in early neoplatonism / Ilinca Tanaseanu-Döbler -- Rhetoric in De insomniis : critique and practice / Donald A. Russell -- Nikephoros Gregoras' commentary on Synesius, De insomniis / Börje Bydén.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 191-195) and indexes , Text of De insomniis in the original Greek with parallel English translation on facing pages
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  • 9
    ISBN: 3161564324 , 3161528093 , 9783161528095 , 9783161564321
    Language: English , Greek, Ancient (to 1453)
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 230 pages) , illustrations
    Series Statement: Sapere Band XXIII
    Uniform Title: De mundo
    Uniform Title: De mundo
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cosmic order and divine power
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aristoteles, v384 - v322 Cosmic order and divine power
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    Keywords: Aristotle ; Cosmology, Ancient ; Science, Medieval ; Science, Medieval ; PHILOSOPHY / General ; Cosmology, Ancient ; De mundo (Aristotle) ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aristoteles v384-v322 De mundo ; Aristoteles v384-v322 De mundo ; Kosmologie ; Naturphilosophie
    Abstract: Text, translation and notes / Johan C. Thom -- Didactic purpose and discursive strategies in On the cosmos / Clive Chandler -- The geography of De mundo / Renate Burri -- The cosmotheology of De mundo / Johan C. Thom -- The reception of On the cosmos in ancient pagan philosophy / Andrew Smith -- The concepts of __ and __ in De mundo and their parallels in Hellenistic-Jewish and Christian texts / Anna Tzvetkova-Glaser -- Syriac and Arabic transmission of On the cosmos / Hidemi Takahashi -- Possible echoes of De mundo in the Arabic-Islamic world : Christian, Islamic, and Jewish thinkers / Hans Daiber -- Disputes over the authorship of De mundo between humanism and Altertumswissenschaft / Jill Kraye.
    Note: Attribution of De mundo to Aristotle is disputed , Includes bibliographical references (pages 209-216) and indexes , Includes text of De mundo (pages 20-57) in original Greek with English translation on facing pages
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781782547471
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 420 S.)
    Series Statement: Elgar original reference
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Research companion to ethical behavior in organizations
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Research companion to ethical behavior in organizations
    DDC: 174.4
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    Keywords: Unternehmensethik ; Verhalten in Organisationen ; Definition ; Bibliometrie ; Business ethics ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wirtschaftsethik
    Abstract: 'This Companion offers comprehensive coverage of the dynamics of ethical behavior in organizations. Edited and authored by leading experts in the field, it is the ideal place to begin acquiring or updating knowledge about the moral dimension of work life.'--Adam Grant, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, US. 'Wide-ranging in its coverage, this compendium of measures will prove a very helpful aid to researchers studying ethics in organizations. The authors have drawn together and summarized empirical measures of diverse phenomena relevant to organizational ethics - both widely studied topics, such as ethical awareness, decision making, and behavior, and newer, important research on topics such as moral identity, intuition, and emotion. Given the recent rapid growth of behavioral studies of ethics in organizations, this is a very timely work.'--Gary R. Weaver, University of Delaware, US and Senior Associate Editor, Business Ethics Quarterly. Business ethics research and publications have proliferated in recent decades, coinciding with increased public interest in workplace ethical conduct. As studies of behavioral ethics extend across disciplines, scholars unknowingly worked in parallel, creating overlapping constructs and measures. Bringing clarity to the field, the Research Companion to Ethical Behavior in Organizations provides a central reference point for academics, human resource practitioners, and compliance officers interested in measuring the moral dimensions of individuals. With expert contributions, this book catalogs empirical work from management and social science disciplines, offering insights to the varied and nuanced constructs used in behavioral ethics. The authors describe and evaluate over 300 measures, including established surveys and new behavioral research techniques. Doctoral students and veteran management researchers will benefit from summaries of the latest ethics research tools and trends. Offering solutions for research challenges and suggesting new research streams and areas for fruitful study, this Companion enhances the burgeoning field of behavioral ethics
    Abstract: 1. Moral awareness / Jared A. Miller, Zachariah J. Rodgers, & John B. Bingham -- 2. Ethical behavior / Samuel D. Brown, Aaron Miller, Kristen Bell DeTienne -- 3. Ethical decision making / John Camden Robinson, Marc-Charles "M-C" Ingerson, Rachel P. Mahrt -- 4. Values and attitudes / James D. Carlson, Rachael Dailey Goodwin, Lori L. Wadsworth -- 5. Individual differences : traits and ethical leadership / David C. Howe, Matthew C. Walsman, Carol Frogley Ellertson -- 6. Moral emotions and emotional dispositions / Lyndon E. Garrett -- 7. Constructs and measures from beyond the field of ethics / Lyndon E. Garrett, Adrian K. Klemme, and Alan L. Wilkins -- 8. Challenges in business ethics research / Christian Mealey, James D. Carlson, Mark A. Widmer
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evanston, Illinois : Northwestern University Press
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 290 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Golub, Spencer Incapacity
    DDC: 121.68
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    Keywords: Wittgenstein, Ludwig 1889-1951 ; Sprachphilosophie ; Das Dramatische ; Theater ; Aufführung
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    ISBN: 9783642450884
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 172 p. 8 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 13
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Cotton, Matthew Ethics and technology assessment: a participatory approach
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Technology Philosophy ; Industrial engineering ; Environmental law ; Environmental economics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Technology Philosophy ; Industrial engineering ; Environmental law ; Environmental economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Technikphilosophie ; Ethik ; Technikphilosophie ; Ethik
    Abstract: Whether it is nuclear power, geo-engineering or genetically modified foods, the development of new technologies can be fraught with complex ethical challenges and political controversy which defy simple resolution. In the past two decades there has been a shift towards processes of Participatory Technology Assessment designed to build channels of two-way communication between technical specialists and non-expert citizens, and to incorporate multiple stakeholder perspectives in the governance of contentious technology programmes. This participatory turn has spurred a need for new tools and techniques to encourage group deliberation and capture public values, moral and choices. This book specifically examines the ethical dimensions of controversial technologies, and discusses how these can be evaluated in a philosophically robust manner when the ones doing the deliberating are not ethicists, legal or technical experts. Grounded in philosophical pragmatism and drawing upon empirical work in partnership with citizen-stakeholders, this book presents a model called “Reflective Ethical Mapping” - a new meta-ethical framework and toolbox of techniques to facilitate citizen engagement with technology ethics
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgementsList of abbreviations -- Risk and public involvement in technology governance -- Ethics and technology -- Pragmatism, public deliberation and technology ethics -- Ethical tools -- Reflective Ethical Mapping -- Opening up ethical dialogue -- Judging and deciding -- Conclusions.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319062365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 347 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 213
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Summa, Michela, 1980 - Spatio-temporal intertwining
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Humanities ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Transzendentale Ästhetik
    Abstract: This volume explores Husserl’s theory of sensibility and his conceptualization of spatial and temporal constitution. The author maps the linkages between Husserl’s ‘transcendental aesthetic’, the theory of pure experience in empirio-criticism, as well as Immanuel Kant’s transcendental philosophy. The core argument in this analysis centers on the relationship between spatiality and temporality in Husserl’s philosophy. The study interrogates Husserl’s understanding of the relationship between spatiality and temporality in terms of stratifications, analogies and parallelisms. It incorporates a discussion of the potentialities and limitations of such an understanding. It concludes that such limits can be overcome by adopting an understanding of spatiality and temporality as interwoven moments of sensible experience-a ‘spatio-temporal intertwining’. This ‘intertwining’ is made explicit in a thorough inquiry into three central topics in the phenomenological analysis of sensible experience: spatio-temporal individuation, perspectival givenness and bodily experience. The book shows how such an inquiry can form the bedrock of a dynamic and relational understanding of experience as a whole
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction -- Part 2 Husserl’s transcendental aesthetic -- Chapter 2 The phenomenological aesthetic -- Chapter 3 The transcendental aesthetic: Husserl and Kant -- Part 3 Parallelisms, stratifications, and beyond -- Chapter 4 Intuitiveness, constitution, and idealization: modes of spatial and temporal experience -- Chapter 5 The thing of the transcendental aesthetic: Spatial and temporal constitution -- Part 4 Spatio-temporal intertwining. The dynamics of experience -- Chapter 6 Individuation, irreversibility, and the spatio-temporal intertwining -- Chapter 7 Perspectival givenness -- Chapter 8 The transcendental aesthetic and the lived-body -- Part 5 Conclusions -- Chapter 9 Conclusions -- Index.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press
    ISBN: 9789048522989
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 301
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    Keywords: Plessner, Helmuth ; Helmuth Plessner (1892-1985) ; Philosophical antropology ; Philosophische Anthropologie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift IVth International Plessner Conference ; Electronic books. ; Conference papers and proceedings. ; Plessner, Helmuth 1892-1985 ; Philosophische Anthropologie ; Plessner, Helmuth 1892-1985
    Note: Erscheint als Open Access bei De Gruyter
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    URL: OAPEN
    URL: OAPEN
    URL: JSTOR
    URL: Image
    URL: Image
    URL: Image
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9783319008011
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 225 p. 3 illus., 1 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 365
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Artefact kinds
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Engineering design ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Engineering design ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Artefakt ; Ontologie ; Wirklichkeit ; Technikphilosophie
    Abstract: This book is concerned with two intimately related topics of metaphysics: the identity of entities and the foundations of classification. What it adds to previous discussions of these topics is that it addresses them with respect to human-made entities, that is, artefacts. As the chapters in the book show, questions of identity and classification require other treatments and lead to other answers for artefacts than for natural entities. These answers are of interest to philosophers not only for their clarification of artefacts as a category of things but also for the new light they may shed on these issue with respect to to natural entities. This volume is structured in three parts. The contributions in Part I address basic ontological and metaphysical questions in relation to artefact kinds: How should we conceive of artefact kinds? Are they real kinds? How are identity conditions for artefacts and artefact kinds related? The contributions in Part II address meta-ontological questions: What, exactly, should an ontological account of artefact kinds provide us with? What scope can it aim for? Which ways of approaching the ontology of artefact kinds are there, how promising are they, and how should we assess this? In Part III, the essays offer engineering practice rather than theoretical philosophy as a point of reference. The issues addressed here include: How do engineers classify technical artefacts and on what grounds? What makes specific classes of technical artefacts candidates for ontologically real kinds, and by which criteria?
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction: The Ontology of Technical Artefacts; Maarten Franssen, Peter Kroes, Thomas A. C. Reydon and Pieter E. VermaasPart I: Artefact Kinds and Metaphysics -- Chapter 2. How Real are Artefacts and Artefact Kinds?; E. J. Lowe -- Chapter 3. Artifacts and Mind-Independence; Crawford L. Elder -- Chapter 4. Public Artifacts, Intentions, and Norms; Amie L. Thomasson -- Chapter 5. Artefact Kinds, Ontological Criteria and Forms of Mind-Dependence; Maarten Franssen and Peter Kroes -- Chapter 6. Artifact Kinds, Identity Criteria and Logical Adequacy; Massimiliano Carrara, Silvia Gaio and Marzia Soavi -- Part II: Artefact Kinds and New Perspectives -- Chapter 7. Creating Artifactual Kinds; Jesús Vega-Encabo and Diego Lawler -- Chapter 8. Metaphysical and Epistemological Approaches to Developing a Theory of Artifact Kinds; Thomas A. C. Reydon -- Chapter 9. Ethnotechnology: A Manifesto; Beth Preston -- Part III: Artefact Kinds and Engineering Practice -- Chapter 10. On What is Made: Instruments, Products and Natural Kinds of Artefacts; Wybo Houkes and Pieter E. Vermaas -- Chapter 11. Artefactual Systems, Missing Components and Replaceability; Nicola Guarino -- Chapter 12. Engineering Differences Between Natural, Social and Artificial Kinds; Eric T. Kerr.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789400769670
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 746 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind 12
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Sourcebook for the history of the philosophy of mind
    Parallel Title: Print version Sourcebook for the History of the Philosophy of Mind : Philosophical Psychology from Plato to Kant
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Philosophy of mind ; Psychology History ; Philosophy ; Philosophy of Mind ; Geschichte ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Fresh translations of key texts, exhaustive coverage from Plato to Kant, and detailed commentary by expert scholars of philosophy add up to make this sourcebook the first and most comprehensive account of the history of the philosophy of mind. Published at a time when the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology are high-profile domains in current research, the volume will inform our understanding of philosophical questions by shedding light on the origins of core conceptual assumptions often arrived at before the instauration of psychology as a recognized subject in its own right. The chapters closely follow historical developments in our understanding of the mind, with sections dedicated to ancient, medieval Latin and Arabic, and early modern periods of development. The volume’s structural clarity enables readers to trace the entire progression of philosophical understanding on specific topics related to the mind, such as the nature of perception. Doing so reveals the fascinating contrasts between current and historical approaches. In addition to its all-inclusive source material, the volume provides subtle expert commentary that includes critical introductions to each thematic section as well as detailed engagement with the central texts. A voluminous bibliography includes hundreds of primary and secondary sources. The sheer scale of this new publication sheds light on the progression, and discontinuities, in our study of the philosophy of mind, and represents a major new sourcebook in a field of extreme importance to our understanding of humanity as a whole
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400768390
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 297 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 211
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Ciocan, Cristian Heidegger et le problème de la mort
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Heidegger, Martin 1889-1976 ; Tod ; Heidegger, Martin 1889-1976 Sein und Zeit ; Tod ; Existenzial
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage est la première monographie systématique d’expression française dédiée exclusivement au problème heideggérien de la mort. Il se donne pour tâche de clarifier tout l’enjeu de cette question capitale de la pensée de Martin Heidegger. La nouveauté de cette étude réside dans une approche systématique et précise de Sein und Zeit, à partir d’une clarification rigoureuse de la notion d’Existenzial, en interprétant le problème de la mort dans l’articulation des structures fondamentales de l’être du Dasein. Cette approche permet non seulement d’expliciter les différentes couches ontologiques où intervient le phénomène de la mort dans l’analytique existentiale, mais aussi de mettre en lumière la rigueur de l’analyse heideggérienne et la systématicité de sa démarche. En outre, cette investigation explore l’intégralité de la pensée de Heidegger : des écrits de jeunesse jusqu’aux textes les plus tardifs, l’ouvrage retrace non seulement la genèse complexe de cette question, mais aussi son évolution arborescente
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. IntroductionPart 1: Le lieu du problème de la mort dans le contexte des existentiaux.-2. Le lieu du problème de la mort dans Sein und Zeit -- 3. Qu’est-ce qu’un Existenzial? -- Part 3: Itinéraire structurel du phénomène de la mort -- 4. La totalité, la mort et les autres -- 5. La mort à travers l’ouverture du Dasein (première section de Sein und Zeit) -- 6. La mort à travers la deuxième section de Sein und Zeit -- Part 3: Rétrospective et transformation: la genèse du problème de la mort avant Sein und Zeit et son évolution dans la philosophie heideggérienne tardive -- 7. La genèse du problème de la mort dans la pensée du jeune Heidegger -- 8. L’évolution du problème de la mort après Être et temps -- 9. Conclusion -- Annexe I : Bibliographie chronologique du problème heideggérien de la mort (1930-2011) -- Annexe II : Index des termes heideggériens traduits différemment dans les deux versions françaises de Sein und Zeit -- Bibliographie.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400771406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 283 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in German Idealism 15
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Kant on proper science
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy (General) Science ; History ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Kant, Immanuel 1724-1804 ; Naturwissenschaften ; Biologie ; Kant, Immanuel 1724-1804 Opus postumum ; Kant, Immanuel 1724-1804 ; Naturwissenschaften ; Kant, Immanuel 1724-1804 ; Biologie ; Kant, Immanuel 1724-1804 Opus postumum ; Biologie
    Abstract: This book provides a novel treatment of Immanuel Kant’s views on proper natural science and biology. The status of biology in Kant’s system of science is often taken to be problematic. By analyzing Kant’s philosophy of biology in relation to his conception of proper science, the present book determines Kant’s views on the scientific status of biology. Combining a broad ideengeschichtlich approach with a detailed historical reconstruction of philosophical and scientific texts, the book establishes important interconnections between Kant’s philosophy of science, his views on biology, and his reception of late 18th century biological theories. It discusses Kant’s views on science and biology as articulated in his published writings and in the Opus postumum. The book shows that although biology is a non-mathematical science and the relation between biology and other natural sciences is not specified, Kant did allow for the possibility of providing scientific explanations in biology and assigned biology a specific domain of investigation.
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgmentsNote on citation and translation -- 1. Introduction: Kant on Science and Biology -- 2. Kant’s Conception of Proper Science -- 3. Mechanical Explanation and Grounding -- 4. Kant on Teleology -- 5. Kant on the Domain and Method of Biology -- 6. Kant on the Systematicity of Physics and the Opus postumum -- 7. Vital Forces and Organisms in the Opus postumum -- 8. Materialism, Hylozoism, and Natural History in the Opus postumum -- 9. Concluding Remarks.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319017075
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXV, 398 p. 3 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 70
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The multidimensionality of hermeneutic phenomenology
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Technology Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Technology Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Phänomenologie ; Hermeneutik
    Abstract: This book offers new reflections on the life world, from both phenomenological and hermeneutic perspectives. It presents a prism for a new philosophy of science and technology, especially including the social sciences but also the environment as well as questions of ethics and philosophical aesthetics in addition to exploring the themes of theology and religion. Inspired by the many contributions made by the philosopher Joseph Kockelmans, this book examines the past, present, and future prospects of hermeneutic phenomenology. It raises key questions of truth and method as well as highlights both continental and analytic traditions of philosophy. Contributors to The Multidimensionality of Hermeneutic Phenomenology include leading scholars in the field as well as new voices representing analytic philosophers of science, hermeneutic and phenomenological philosophers of science, scholars of comparative literature, theorists of environmental studies, specialists in phenomenological ethics, and experts in classical hermeneutics
    Description / Table of Contents: ForewordD. Ginev, The Universality of Hermeneutics in Joseph Kockelmans’s Version of Hermeneutic Phenomenology -- Introduction -- B. Babich, The Multidimensionality of Hermeneutic Phenomenology: Philology, Science, Technology, Theology -- PART I. Cognition, Bio-Hermeneutics, and Lifeworld -- N. Rescher, A Paradox of Cognition -- D. Ginev, The Articulation of a Scientific Domain from the Viewpoint of Hermeneutic Phenomenology: The Case of Vectorial Metabolism -- G. Schiemann, Husserl and Schütz: Reflections on Science and Life-World -- G. Leghissa, Phenomenology and the Humanities or Towards a Critical Genealogy of the Life-World -- R. Frodeman, Hermeneutics in the Field: The Philosophy of Geology -- R. Crease, The Metroscape: Phenomenology of Measurement -- PART II. Hermeneutic and Phenomenological Philosophy of Science and Technology -- P. Heelan, Consciousness, Quantum Physics, and Hermeneutical Phenomenology -- M. Stölzner, Die ewige Wiederkunft wissenschaftlich betrachtet. Oskar Beckers Nietzscheinterpretation im Kontext -- T. Kisiel, Heidegger and Our 21st Century Experience of Ge-Stell -- B. Babich, Constellating Technology: Heidegger’s Die Gefahr / The Danger -- L. Ma & J. V. Brakel, What Modern Science Is: ‘Technology’ -- H. Schmid, Logos and the Essence of Technology -- PART III. Philosophical Truth, Hermeneutic Aesthetics, and History of Philosophy -- G. Nicholson, On the Manifold Meaning of Truth in Aristotle -- J. Malpas, The Twofold Character of Truth: Heidegger, Davidson, Tugendhat -- J. Faye, What can Philosophy of Science Learn from Hermeneutics-What Can Hermeneutics Learn From Philosophy of Science? With an Excursus on Botticelli -- E. Berti, The Classical Notion of Person and its Criticism by Modern Philosophy -- PART IV.Hermeneutic Science and First Philosophy, Theology and the Universe -- P. Kerszberg, Philosophie des sciences et philosophie première -- A. Peperzak, A Re-Reading of Heidegger’s “Phenomenology and Theology” -- R. Gasché, The Remainders of Faith: On Karl Löwith’s Conception of Secularization -- S. Glynn, The Hermeneutics of God, the Universe, and Everything -- Contributors -- Index.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789400772724
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (292 pages) , illustrations.
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 23
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    Keywords: Philosophy, Modern ; Political science ; Philosophy ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed December 16, 2013)
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht ; : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400768956
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (224 pages)
    Series Statement: Contemporary philosophy, a new survey volume 11
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    Keywords: Philosophy ; Ethics ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed January 9, 2014)
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319065878
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 158 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Agassi, Joseph, 1927 - 2023 Popper and his popular critics
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Popper, Karl R. 1902-1994 ; Rezeption ; Kuhn, Thomas S. 1922-1996 ; Feyerabend, Paul 1924-1994 ; Lakatos, Imre 1922-1974
    Abstract: This volume examines Popper’s philosophy by analyzing the criticism of his most popular critics: Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend and Imre Lakatos. They all followed his rejection of the traditional view of science as inductive. Starting from the assumption that Hume’s criticism of induction is valid, the book explores the central criticism and objections that these three critics have raised. Their objections have met with great success, are significant and deserve paraphrase. One also may consider them reasonable protests against Popper’s high standards rather than fundamental criticisms of his philosophy. The book starts out with a preliminary discussion of some central background material and essentials of Popper’s philosophy. It ends with nutshell representations of the philosophies of Popper. Kuhn, Feyerabend and Lakatos. The middle section of the book presents the connection between these philosophers and explains what their central ideas consists of, what the critical arguments are, how they presented them, and how valid they are. In the process, the author claims that Popper's popular critics used against him arguments that he had invented (and answered) without saying so. They differ from him mainly in that they demanded of all criticism that it should be constructive: do not stop believing a refuted theory unless there is a better alternative to it. Popper hardly ever discussed belief, delegating its study to psychology proper; he usually discussed only objective knowledge, knowledge that is public and thus open to public scrutiny
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPreface -- Acknowledgement -- A. Prelims -- A1. On Human Rules about God’s World A2. In search for Rules -- A3. Rules against Mock-Criticism -- A4. Rules against excessive defensiveness -- A5. Against the Bouncers in the Gates of Science.-  A5. Duhem, Quine and Kuhn -- B. Popper and his Popular Critics.-  B1. Karl Raimund Popper B2. Kuhn’s Way -- B3. Feyerabend’s Proposal B4. Imre Lakatos -- B5. A Touch of Malice -- C. In a Nutshell -- C1. The Essential Popper -- C2. Kuhn on Pluralism and Incommensurability -- C3. Paul Feyerabend and Rational Pluralism -- C4. Lakatos on the Methodology of Scientific Research Programs --  C5. Epilogue: Civilization and its Self-Defense -- D. References -- D1. Appendix 1: The Biological Base of Dogmatism.- D2. Appendix 2: Popper on Explanation -- D3. Bibliography -- D4. Index of names -- D5. Index of Subjects.  .
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400771130
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 369 p. 3 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy 4
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Dao Companion to the Analects
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Kong, Qiu v551-v479 Lun yu ; China ; Philosophie ; Konfuzianismus ; Kong, Qiu v551-v479 Lun yu ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: This volume surveys the major philosophical concepts, arguments, and commitments of the Confucian classic, the Analects. In thematically organized chapters, leading scholars provide a detailed, scholarly introduction to the text and the signal ideas ascribed to its protagonist, Confucius. The volume opens with chapters that reflect the latest scholarship on the disputed origins of the text and an overview of the broad commentarial tradition it generated. These are followed by chapters that individually explore key areas of the text’s philosophical landscape, articulating both the sense of concepts such as ren, li, and xiao as well as their place in the wider space of the text. A final section addresses prominent interpretive challenges and scholarly disputes in reading the Analects, evaluating, for example, the alignment between the Analects and contemporary moral theory and the contested nature of its religious sensibility. Dao Companion to the Analects offers a comprehensive and complete survey of the text's philosophical idiom and themes, as well as its history and some of the liveliest current debates surrounding it. This book is an ideal resource for both researchers and advanced students interested in gaining greater insight into one of the earliest and most influential Confucian classics
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction, Amy OlberdingPart I: Text and Context -- 2. History and Formation of the Analects, Tae Hyun Kim and Mark Csikszentmihalyi -- 3. The Commentarial Tradition, John B. Henderson and On-cho Ng -- 4. Confucius and His Community, Yuet Keung Lo -- Part II: The Conceptual Landscape -- 5. Ren 仁 : An Exemplary Life, Karyn Lai -- 6. Ritual and Rightness in the Analects, Hagop Sarkissian -- 7. Family Reverence (xiao 孝) in the Analects: Confucian Role Ethics and the Dynamics of Intergenerational Transmission, Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont, Jr -- 8. Language and Ethics in the Analects, Hui-chieh Loy -- 9. Uprightness, Indirection, Transparency, Lisa Raphals -- 10. Cultivating the Self in Concert with Others, David B. Wong -- 11. Perspectives on Moral Failure in the Analects, Amy Olberding -- Part III: Mapping the Landscape: Issues in Interpretation -- 12. The Analects and Moral Theory, Stephen C. Angle -- 13. Religious Thought and Practice in the Analects. Erin M. Cline -- 14. The Analects and Forms of Governance, BAI Tongdong -- Why Care? A Feminist Re-appropriation of Confucian Xiao 孝 Li-Hsiang, Lisa Rosenlee -- 16. Balancing Conservatism and Innovation: The Pragmatic Analects, Sor-hoon Tan -- Index -- Index Locorum.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789400775633
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 366 p. 25 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 367
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Explanation in the special sciences
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Biologie ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Interdisziplinarität
    Abstract: Biology and history are often viewed as closely related disciplines, with biology informed by history, especially in its task of charting our evolutionary past. Maximizing the opportunities for cross-fertilization in these two fields requires an accurate reckoning of their commonalities and differences-precisely what this volume sets out to achieve. Specially commissioned essays by a team of recognized international researchers cover the full panoply of topics in these fields and include notable contributions on the correlativity of evolutionary and historical explanations, applying to history the latest causal-mechanical approach in the philosophy of biology, and the question of generalized laws that might pertain across the two subjects. The collection opens with a vital interrogation of general issues on explanation that apart from potentially fruitful areas of interaction (could the etiology of the causal-mechanical perspective in biology account for the historical trajectory of the Roman Empire?) this volume also seeks to chart relative certainties distinguishing explanations in biology and history. It also assesses techniques such as the use of probabilities in biological reconstruction, deployed to overcome the inevitable gaps in physical evidence on early evolution. Methodologies such as causal graphs and semantic explanation receive in-depth analysis. Contributions from a host of prominent and widely read philosophers ensure that this new volume has the stature of a major addition to the literature
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction - Points of Contact between Biology and History; Marie I. Kaiser and Daniel PlengePart I. General Issues on Explanation -- 2. The Ontic Account of Scientific Explanation; Carl F. Craver -- Part II Explanation in the Biological Sciences -- 3. Causal Graphs and Biological Mechanisms; Alexander Gebharter and Marie I. Kaiser -- 4. Semiotic Explanation in the Biological Sciences; Ulrich Krohs -- 5. Mechanisms, Pathomechanisms, and Disease in Scientific Clinical Medicine; Gerhard Müller-Strahl -- 6. The Generalizations of Biology: Historical and Contingent?; Alexander Reutlinger -- 7. Evolutionary Explanations and the Role of Mechanisms; Gerhard Schurz -- Part III Explanation in the Historical Sciences -- 8. Explaining Roman History - A Case Study; Stephan Berry -- 9. Causal Explanation and Historical Meaning: How to Solve the Problem of the Specific Historical Relation between Events; Doris Gerber -- 10. Do Historians Study the Mechanisms of History? A Sketch; Daniel Plenge -- 11. Philosophy of History - Metaphysics and Epistemology; Oliver R. Scholz -- 12. Causal Explanations of Historical Trends; Derek D. Turner -- Part IV Bridging the Two Disciplines -- 13. Aspects of Human Historiographic Explanation: A View from the Philosophy of Science; Stuart Glennan -- 14. History and the Sciences; Philip Kitcher and Daniel Immerwahr -- 15 Explanation and Intervention in Coupled Human and Natural Systems; Daniel Steel -- 16. Biology and Natural History: What Makes the Difference; Aviezer Tucker.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9783319043616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 293 p. 5 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind 14
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Active perception in the history of philosophy
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Consciousness
    Abstract: The aim of the present work is to show the roots of the conception of perception as an active process, tracing the history of its development from Plato to modern philosophy. The contributors inquire into what activity is taken to mean in different theories, challenging traditional historical accounts of perception that stress the passivity of percipients in coming to know the external world. Special attention is paid to the psychological and physiological mechanisms of perception, rational and non-rational perception, and the role of awareness in the perceptual process. Perception has often been conceived as a process in which the passive aspects - such as the reception of sensory stimuli - were stressed and the active ones overlooked. However, during recent decades research in cognitive science and philosophy of mind has emphasized the activity of the subject in the process of sense perception, often associating this activity to the notions of attention and intentionality. Although it is recognized that there are ancient roots to the view that perception is fundamentally active, the history remains largely unexplored. The book is directed to all those interested in contemporary debates in the fields of philosophy of mind and cognitive psychology who would like to become acquainted with the historical background of active perception, but for historical reliability the aim is to make no compromises
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: The World as a Stereogram; José Filipe Silva and Mikko Yrjönsuuri2. Plato: Interaction Between the External Body and the Perceiver in the Timaeus; Pauliina Remes -- 3. Activity, Passivity, and Perceptual Discrimination in Aristotle; Klaus Corcilius -- 4. On Activity and Passivity in Perception: Aristotle, Philoponus, and Pseudo-Simplicius; Miira Tuominen -- 5. Augustine on Active Perception; José Filipe Silva -- 6. Avicenna on the Soul’s Activity in Perception; Jari Kaukua -- 7. Medieval Theories of Active Perception: An Overview; José Filipe Silva -- 8. Agent Sense in Averroes and Latin Averroism; Jean-Baptiste Brenet -- 9. Active Perception from Nicholas of Cusa to Thomas Hobbes; Cees Leijenhorst.-10. Seeing Distance; Mikko Yrjönsuuri -- 11. Descartes and Active Perception; Cecilia Wee -- 12 Locke and Active Perception; Vili Lähteenmäki -- 13. Spinoza on Activity in Sense Perception; Valtteri Viljanen.-14. Berkeley and Activity in Visual Perception; Ville Paukkonen.-15. Activity and Passivity in Theories of Perception: Descartes to Kant; Gary Hatfield. .
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham [u.a.] : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319071213 , 9781322136288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 315 p. 61 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 358
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The philosophy of information quality
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Library science ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Library science ; Library science ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Informationsvermittlung ; Qualitätsmanagement ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Information ; Informationstheorie ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This work fulfills the need for a conceptual and technical framework to improve understanding of Information Quality (IQ)and Information Quality standards. The meaning and practical implementation of IQ are addressed, as it is relevant to any field where there is a need to handle data and issues such as accessibility, accuracy, completeness, currency, integrity, reliability, timeliness, usability, the role of metrics and so forth are all a part of Information Quality. In order to support the cross-fertilization of theory and practice, the latest research is presented in this book. The perspectives of experts from beyond the origins of IQ in computer science are included: library and information science practitioners and academics, philosophers of information, of engineering and technology, and of science are all contributors to this volume. The chapters in this volume are based on the work of a collaborative research project involving the Arts and Humanities Research Council and Google and led by Professor Luciano Floridi, University of Oxford. This work will be of interest to anyone handling data, including those from commercial, public, governmental and academic organizations. The expert editors’ contributions introduce issues of interest to scientists, database curators and philosophers, even though the issues may be disguised in the language and examples common to a different discipline
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceLuciano Floridi and Phyllis Illari -- Information quality, data and philosophy; Phyllis Illari and Luciano Floridi -- Forget Dimensions. Define Your Information Quality Using Quality View Patterns; Suzanne M. Embury and Paolo Missier -- Exploring information quality in the wild; Carlo Batini, Matteo Palmonari, Gianluigi Viscusi -- What is visualization really for?; Min Chen, Luciano Floridi, Rita Borgo -- Object Matching: New Challenges for Record Linkage; Monica Scannapieco -- Algorithmic check of standards for information quality dimensions; Giuseppe Primiero -- What is disinformation?; Don Fallis -- Quality Assessment Tools in medicine; Jacob Stegenga -- Educating Medical Students to Evaluate the Quality of Health Information on the Web; Pietro Ghezzi, Sundeep Chumbers, Tara Brabazon -- Enhancing the quality of open data; Kieron O'Hara -- Forensic Information Quality; Burkhard Schafer -- Information quality and personal archives in the wild; Jeremy Leighton John -- IQ: purpose and dimensions; Phyllis Illari -- Big data and information quality; Luciano Floridi.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319008349
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 100 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Education
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Gordon, Mordechai Humor, laughter and human flourishing
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Education ; Education Philosophy ; Humor ; Philosophie ; Humor ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This book is a philosophical investigation of the significance of humor and laughter, examining its relation to other human phenomena including truth, nihilism, dreams, friendship, intimacy, aesthetic experience, self-transcendence and education. The author addresses the relative neglect of humor and laughter among philosophers of education with this volume, where the focus is on the significance of humor and laughter for human flourishing. Central questions are threaded through this work: What does the study of humor and laughter bring to philosophy and specifically to philosophy of education? How is humorist thinking different from other modes of human knowing? What might happen if we were to respond to the absurdity of human existence with humor and laughter? What insights can be learned from a philosophical investigation of humor in relationship to other human phenomena such as dreams, friendship, intimacy, aesthetic experience and self-transcendence? And, finally, how can humor and laughter enhance human existence and flourishing? The author presents groundbreaking insights into what can be gained from a study of humor and laughter about human existence in general and flourishing in particular. This work will be of interest to philosophers, especially philosophers of education, as well as to teachers and educators. Its unique blend of philosophical investigation and humorous discourse is both a rigorous and accessible analysis of humor
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; Introduction; 1 The Case for a Humorous Philosophy of Education; Abstract; 1.1…Introduction; 1.2…The Nature and Purpose of Humor; 1.3…Conflict Between Education and Humor; 1.4…Philosophy and Humor; 1.5…Humor and Philosophy of Education; 1.6…Conclusion; References; 2 Humor, Truth, and Human Existence; Abstract; 2.1…Introduction; 2.2…Is Humor a Human Phenomenon?; 2.3…Humorous Ways of Knowing; 2.4…Humor, Truth, and Absurdity; 2.5…Conclusion: Learning from Humor About Human Existence; References; 3 Camus' Struggle with the Absurd: Rebellion as a Response to Nihilism; Abstract
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.1…Introduction3.2…Camus' Conception of Nihilism; 3.3…Rebellion as a Response to Nihilism; 3.4…Rebellious Humor; 3.5…Rebellious Humor, Nihilism, and Education; References; 4 Freud, Dreams, and Humor: A Phenomenological Perspective; Abstract; 4.1…Introduction; 4.2…Freud's Theory; 4.3…Phenomenology and Psychoanalysis; 4.4…How we Experience Dreams and Humor?; 4.5…Dreams Versus Humor; 4.6…Dreams, Humor, and Human Existence; References; 5 Friendship, Intimacy, and Humor; Abstract; 5.1…Introduction; 5.2…Friendship; 5.3…Intimacy; 5.4…Humor; 5.5…Humor, Intimacy, and Friendship
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.6…Humor, Intimacy, and EducationReferences; 6 The Educational Significance of Aesthetic Humor; Abstract; 6.1…Introduction; 6.2…The Nature and Purpose of Aesthetic Experience; 6.3…Aesthetic Versus Non-Aesthetic Humor; 6.4…An Alternative Approach; 6.5…Caveats and Questions; 6.6…Aesthetic Humor and Education; References; 7 Learning to Laugh at Ourselves: Humor, Self-Transcendence, and the Cultivation of Moral Virtues; Abstract; 7.1…Introduction; 7.2…Laughing at Others; 7.3…Laughing at Ourselves; 7.4…Laughing at Ourselves, Self-Transcendence, and Moral Virtues
    Description / Table of Contents: 7.5…Laughing at Ourselves in Educational Encounters7.6…Conclusions and Caveats
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400766150
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 247 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library 72
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Bailey, Alan, 1959 - Hume's critique of religion
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Hume, David 1711-1776 ; Religionsphilosophie ; Hume, David 1711-1776 ; Religionsphilosophie
    Abstract: In this volume, authors Alan Bailey and Dan O’Brien examine the full import of David Hume’s arguments and the context of the society in which his work came to fruition. They analyze the nuanced nature of Hume's philosophical discourse and provide an informed look into his position on the possible content and rational justification of religious belief. The authors first detail the pressures and forms of repression that confronted any 18th century thinker wishing to challenge publicly the truth of Christian theism. From there, they offer an overview of Hume's writings on religion, paying particular attention to the inter-relationships between the various works. They show that Hume's writings on religion are best seen as an artfully constructed web of irreligious argument that seeks to push forward a radical outlook, one that only emerges when the attention shifts from the individual sections of the web to its overall structure and context. Even though there is no explicit denial in any of Hume's published writings or private correspondence of the existence of God, the implications of his arguments often seem to point strongly towards atheism. David Hume was one of the leading British critics of Christianity and all forms of religion at a time when public utterances or published writings denying the truth of Christianity were liable to legal prosecution. His philosophical and historical writings offer a sustained and remarkably open critique of religion that is unmatched by any previous author writing in English. Yet, despite Hume’s widespread reputation amongst his contemporaries for extreme irreligion, the subtle and measured manner in which he presents his position means that it remains far from clear how radical his views actually were
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Hume the InfidelChapter 2. Blasphemy, Dissimulation, and Humean Prudence -- Chapter 3. Hume's Writings on Religion -- Chapter 4. Hume on the Intelligibility of Religious Discourse -- Chapter 5. Epistemological Scepticism and Religious Belief -- Chapter 6. That Simple and Sublime Argument -- Chapter 7. The Design Argument and Empirical Evidence of God's Existence -- Chapter 8. The Problem of Evil -- Chapter 9. Miracles -- Chapter 10. The Natural History of Religion -- Chapter 11. Morality -- Chapter 12. History and the Evaluation of Religion -- Chapter 13. Was Hume an Atheist?.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319046723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 360 p. 6 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 366
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Virtue epistemology naturalized
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Consciousness ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Tugend ; Ethik ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This book presents four bridges connecting work in virtue epistemology and work in philosophy of science (broadly construed) that may serve as catalysts for the further development of naturalized virtue epistemology. These bridges are: empirically informed theories of epistemic virtue; virtue theoretic solutions to underdetermination; epistemic virtues in the history of science; and the value of understanding. Virtue epistemology has opened many new areas of inquiry in contemporary epistemology including: epistemic agency, the role of motivations and emotions in epistemology, the nature of abilities, skills and competences, wisdom and curiosity. Value driven epistemic inquiry has become quite complex and there is a need for a responsible and rigorous process of constructing naturalized theories of epistemic virtue. This volume makes the involvement of the sciences more explicit and looks at the empirical aspect of virtue epistemology. Concerns about virtue epistemology are considered in the essays contained here, including the question: can any virtue epistemology meet both the normativity constraint and the empirical constraint? The volume suggests that these worries should not be seen as impediments but rather as useful constraints and desiderata to guide the construction of naturalized theories of epistemic virtue
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction: Virtue epistemology meets philosophy of science; Abrol FairweatherPart I. Epistemic Virtue, Cognitive Science & Situationism -- Chapter 2. The Function of Perception; Peter Graham -- Chapter 3.Metacognition and Intellectual Virtue; Chris Lepock -- Chapter 4. Daring to Believe: Epistemic Agency and Reflective Knowledge in Virtue Epistemology; Fernando Broncano -- Chapter 5. Success, Minimal Agency and Epistemic Virtue; Carlos Montemayor -- Chapter 6. Toward a Eudaimonistic Virtue Epistemology; Berit Brogaard -- Chapter 7. The Situationist Challenge to Reliabilism About Inference; Mark Alfano -- Chapter 8. Inferential Virtues and Common Epistemic Goods; Abrol Fairweather & Carlos Montemayor -- Part II. Epistemic Virtue and Formal Epistemology -- Chapter 9. Curiosity, Belief and Acquaintance; Ilhan Inan -- Chapter 10. Epistemic Values and Disinformation; Don Fallis -- Chapter 11. Defeasibility without inductivism; Juan Comasana -- Part III. Virtues of Theories and Virtues of Theorists -- Chapter 12. Acting to know; Adam Morton -- Chapter 13. Is there a place for epistemic virtues in theory choice; Milena Ivanova -- Chapter 14. “Bridging A Fault Line: On under determination and the ampliative adequacy of competing theories”; Guy Axtell -- Chapter 15. Epistemic virtues and the success of science; Dana Tulodziecki -- Chapter 16. Experimental Virtue: Perceptual Responsiveness and the Praxis of Scientific Observation; Shannon Vallor -- Chapter 17. A Matter of Phronesis: Experiment and Virtue in Physics, a Case Study; Marilena diBuchianno -- Part IV. Understanding, Explanation and Epistemic Virtue -- Chapter 18. Knowledge and Understanding; Duncan Pritchard -- Chapter 19. Understanding As Knowledge of Causes; Stephen Grimm -- Chapter 20. Knowledge, Understanding and Virtue; Christoph Kelp.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319047591
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 311 p. 195 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 73
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Bäck, Allan Aristotle's theory of abstraction
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Aristoteles v384-v322 ; Abstraktion ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Logik
    Abstract: This book investigates Aristotle’s views on abstraction and explores how he uses it. In this work, the author follows Aristotle in focusing on the scientific detail first and then approaches the metaphysical claims, and so creates a reconstructed theory that explains many puzzles of Aristotle’s thought. Understanding the details of his theory of relations and abstraction further illuminates his theory of universals.   Some of the features of Aristotle’s theory of abstraction developed in this book include: abstraction is a relation; perception and knowledge are types of abstraction; the objects generated by abstractions are relata which can serve as subjects in their own right, whereupon they can appear as items in other categories. The author goes on to look at how Aristotle distinguishes the concrete from the abstract paronym, how induction is a type of abstraction which typically moves from the perceived individuals to universals, and how Aristotle’s metaphysical vocabulary is "relational.’ Beyond those features, this work also looks at how of universals, accidents, forms, causes, and potentialities have being only as abstract aspects of individual substances. An individual substance is identical to its essence; the essence has universal features but is the singularity making the individual substance what it is. These theories are expounded within this book. One main attraction in working out the details of Aristotle’s views on abstraction lies in understanding his metaphysics of universals as abstract objects.  This work reclaims past ground as the main philosophical tradition of abstraction has been ignored in recent times. It gives a modern version of the medieval doctrine of the threefold distinction of essence, made famous by the Islamic philosopher, Avicenna
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceIntroduction -- Logic: The Formal Structure of Abstraction -- Chapter 1. The Conception of Abstraction -- Chapter 2. Abstract Relata -- Chapter 3. The Relation of Abstraction -- Science: The Psychological Process of Abstraction -- Chapter 4. Perceiving -- Chapter 5. Thinking -- Chapter 6. The Process of Abstraction -- Metaphysics: Aristotle’s Abstract Ontology -- Chapter 7. The Subject of Metaphysics -- Chapter 8. Aristotle’s Buddhism -- Chapter 9. Parts of Animals -- Chapter 10. Aristotle’s Nominalism -- Appendix -- The Formal Structure of Abstraction.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789400760349
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 281 p. 6 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 68
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Schutzian phenomenology and hermeneutic traditions
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Hermeneutik ; Phänomenologische Soziologie ; Schütz, Alfred 1899-1959 ; Hermeneutik ; Phänomenologische Soziologie ; Schütz, Alfred 1899-1959
    Abstract: Schutzian Phenomenology and Hermeneutic Traditions links Alfred Schutz to the larger hermeneutic tradition in Continental thought, illuminating the deep affinity between Schutzian phenomenology and hermeneutics. The essays collected here explore a broad spectrum of Schutzian themes and concerns, from Schutz’s concrete affinities to hermeneutic traditions, his interpretationism and the pragmatist nature of Schutz’s thought, to questions concerning the role of the media and music in our understanding of the life-world and intersubjectivity. The essays go on to explore the practical applicability of Schutz’s thoughts on questions regarding economics, literature, ethics and the limits of human understanding. Given its emphasis on the application of Schutzian ideas and concepts, this book willbe of special interest to a wide range of readers in the social sciences and humanities, who are interested in the application of phenomenology to social, political, and cultural phenomena
    Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTORY ESSAY.- Reflections on the Relationship of ‘Social Phenomenology’ and Hermeneutics in Alfred Schutz:  An Introduction, M. STAUDIGL.- I. SCHUTZIAN PHENOMENOLOGY AND HERMENEUTIC TRADITIONS.- The Lifeworld Analysis of Alfred Schutz and the Methodology of the Social Sciences, T. EBERLE.- Understanding Sociologies and Tradition(s) of Hermeneutics, M. ENDRESS.-  Alfred Schutz and a Hermeneutical Sociology of Knowledge, H. NASU.-  The Interpretationism of Alfred Schutz or How Woodcutting can have Referential and Non-Referential Meaning, L. EMBREEII. THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL REASSESSMENTS.-  Pragmatic theory of the life-world and hermeneutics of the social sciences, I. SRUBAR.-  Media Structures of the Life-World, R. AYASS.- The Musical Foundations of Alfred Schutz’ Hermeneutics of the Social World, A. G. STASCHEIT.- III. EXPLORATIONS OF THE PRACTICAL WORLD.-  Scientific Practice and the World of Working: Beyond Schutz’s Wirkwelt, D. BISCHUR.-  Hermeneutics of Transcendence:  Understanding and Communication at the Limits of Experience, A. HILT --    Alfred Schutz’s Practical-Hermeneutical Approach to Law and Normativity, I. COPOERU.-  Everyday Morality. Questions with and for Alfred Schutz, B. WALDENFELS .- IV. INVESTIGATIONS INTO MULTIPLE REALITIES.- Goffman and Schutz on multiple realities, G. PSATHAS.- Literature and the Limits of Pragmatism:  Alfred Schutz’s Goethe Manuscripts, M. D. BARBER.- Life-World Analysis and Literary Interpretation. On the Reconstruction of Symbolic Reality Spheres, J. DREHER.- Image Worlds. Aesthetic Experience and the Problem of Hermeneutics in the Social Sciences, D. TÄNZLER.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400768062
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 201 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in Global Justice 12
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Schuppert, Fabian Freedom, recognition and non-domination
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Hochschulschrift ; Anerkennung ; Autonomie ; Handlungsfreiheit ; Philosophie ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit
    Abstract: This book offers an original account of a distinctly republican theory of social and global justice. The book starts by exploring the nature and value of Hegelian recognition theory. It shows the importance of that theory for grounding a normative account of free and autonomous agency. It is this normative account of free agency which provides the groundwork for a republican conception of social and global justice, based on the core-ideas of freedom as non-domination and autonomy as non-alienation. As the author argues, republicans should endorse a sufficientarian account of social justice, which focuses on the nature of social relationships and their effects on people's ability to act freely and realize their fundamental interests. On the global level, the book argues for the cosmopolitan extension of the republican principles of non-domination and non-alienation within a multi-level democratic system. In so doing, the book addresses a major gap in the existing literature, presenting an original theory of justice, which combines Hegelian recognition theory and republican ideas of freedom, and applying this hybrid theory to the global domain. Fabian Schuppert creates a grand synthesis uniting neo-republican insights on freedom with Hegelian recognition theory. The result is an account of agency that arises from the idea of non-domination whose aim it is to safeguard individual freedom. When combined with Hegelian recognition theory a social focus also emerges. This amalgam comments on many of the major disputes concerning global justice from a cosmopolitan perspective. Because of the broad scope and the many contemporary discussions engaged this book will be of keen interest to scholars as well as a welcome addition to the classroom. Michael Boylan, Professor and Chair, Philosophy, Marymount University, USA In this highly readable and imaginative book, Schuppert shows how a republican political theory can address the problems of recognition, identity, and non-domination. Moreover, Schuppert demonstrates that Hegel's political philosophy has continuing vitality for the 21st century as he applies it to contemporary policy debates on basic needs, human rights, and cosmopolitanism. Robert Paul Churchill, Professor of Philosophy, George Washington University, USA
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgmentsIntroduction - A Republican Theory of (Global) Justice.- Chapter One: The Nature of Free Rational Agency -- Chapter Two: Analysing Freedom & Autonomy - Recognition, Responsibility and Threats to Agency -- Chapter Three: Needs, Interests and Rights -- Chapter Four: Capabilities, Freedom and Sufficiency -- Chapter Five: Collective Agency, Democracy and Political Institutions -- Chapter Six: Global Justice and Non-Domination -- Conclusion: Freedom, Recognition & Non-Domination -- Bibliography -- Index.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9783319018997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 401 p. 7 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook 17
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. European philosophy of science - philosophy of science in Europe and the Viennese heritage
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift 2011 ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Geschichte 1900-2000 ; Wiener Kreis ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: This volume combines the theoretical and historical perspective focusing on the specific features of a European philosophy of science. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Institute Vienna Circle the Viennese roots and influences will be addressed, in addition. There is no doubt that contemporary philosophy of science originated mainly in Europe beginning in the 19th century and has influenced decisively the subsequent development of globalized philosophy of science, esp. in North America. Recent research in this field documents some specific characteristics of philosophy of science covering the natural, social, and also cultural sciences in the European context up to the destruction and forced migration caused by Fascism and National Socialism. This European perspective with the integration of history and philosophy of science and the current situation in the philosophy of science after the transatlantic interaction and transformation, and the “return” after World War II raises the question of contemporary European characteristics in the philosophy of science. The role and function of the renowned Vienna Circle of Logical Empiricism and its impact and influence on contemporary philosophy of science is on the agenda, too. Accordingly, the general topic is dealt with in two parallel sessions representing systematic-formal as well as genetic-historical perspectives on philosophy of science in a European context up to the present
    Description / Table of Contents: TABLE OF CONTENTS; EDITORIAL; FROM THE VIENNA CIRCLE TO THE INSTITUTE VIENNA CIRCLE:ON THE VIENNESE HERITAGE IN CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE; 1 ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY (OF SCIENCE) - THE CONTEXT OF MODERNITY; 2 VIENNESE AND EUROPEAN CONTEXTS; 3 VIENNA - BERLIN - PRAGUE: CENTRAL EUROPEAN COMMUNICATION; 4 EDGAR ZILSEL - IMPORT OF HISTORY AND SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE; 5 LOGICAL EMPIRICISM RE-EVALUATED; 6 VIENNESE ORIGINS - EUROPEAN NETWORKS; 7 MORITZ SCHLICK - BETWEEN REALISM AND EMPIRICISM; 8 RUDOLF CARNAP - PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE TODAY; 9 NEURATH'S BOAT REDISCOVERED - THE "VISUAL TURN"
    Description / Table of Contents: 10 ARNE NAESS - A ROAD TO EMPIRICAL SEMANTICS AND"EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY"11 FRIEDRICH WAISMANN BETWEEN SCHLICK AND WITTGENSTEIN: VIENNA-CAMBRIDGE-OXFORD; 12 THE 'THIRD VIENNA CIRCLE': ARTHUR PAP AND THE RENAISSANCE OF ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY (OF SCIENCE); 13 CONTINENTAL INTERACTIONS - FINNO-UGRIAN TRADITIONS; 14 INTRA-CONTINENTAL NETWORKING BETWEEN EAST AND WEST; 15 THE AUSTRO-BRITISH INTERACTION SINCE 1900; 16 TRANSATLANTIC INTERACTIONS: EUROPE AND AMERICA; 17 EMOTIVISM AND META-ETHICAL NONCOGNITIVISM: NORMS AND VALUES REVISITED; 18 LOGICAL EMPIRICISM AND PURE THEORY OF LAW - FAMILY RESEMBLANCE
    Description / Table of Contents: 19 FELIX KAUFMANN'S MEDIATING SCHOOLS AND METHODS - LIBERALISM AND PLURALISM20 PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS; 21 EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE - PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE IN EUROPE; A MATTER OF SUBSTANCE? GASTON BACHELARD ON CHEMISTRY'S PHILOSOPHICAL LESSONS; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS; 3. THE SCIENTIFIC OBJECT; 4. THE CONCEPT OF SUBSTANCE; 5. THE ROLE OF CHEMISTRY IN BACHELARD'S PHILOSOPHY; 6. CONCLUSION: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL OBJECT
    Description / Table of Contents: CARNAP'S AUFBAU AND PHYSICALISM: WHAT DOES THE "MUTUAL REDUCIBILITY" OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL OBJECTS AMOUNT TO?1 TWO VERSIONS OF THE INTERTRANSLATABILITY THESIS; 2 THE TWO CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEMS; 3 STRONG INTERTRANSLATABILITY CHALLENGED; 4 AUTO-PSYCHOLOGICAL EXCEPTIONALISM PROBED; 5 CONCLUSION; ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEUROSCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY: THE CASE OF SLEEP AND DREAMING; I HISTORICAL SKETCH; II EPISTEMOLOGY; III PHILOSOPHICAL REMARKS ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PARALLELISM AND CEREBRAL CORRELATES OF CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE; IV FUNCTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
    Description / Table of Contents: (ANTI-)METAPHYSICS IN THE THIRTIES: AND WHY SHOULD ANYONE CARE NOW?PRECEDENTS; MOTIVES; THE PSEUDOPROBLEMS MOMENT; NOW; BIBLIOGRAPHY; PROBABILISTIC EPISTEMOLOGY: A EUROPEAN TRADITION; ABSTRACT; 1. ABOUT PROBABILISTIC EPISTEMOLOGY; 2. JANINA HOSIASSON (1899-1942); 3. FRANK PLUMPTON RAMSEY (1903-1930); 4. BRUNO DE FINETTI (1906-1985); 5. HAROLD JEFFREYS (1891-1989); 6. HANS REICHENBACH (1891-1953); 7. CONCLUSION; REDUCTIONISM TODAY; ABSTRACT; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. ONTOLOGICAL REDUCTIONISM; 3. THEORY REDUCTION; REFERENCES; BETTING INTERPRETATION AND THE PROBLEM OF INTERFERENCE
    Description / Table of Contents: CAUSAL RELATIONS BETWEEN BETS AND THE PROPOSITIONS BETTED ON
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , EditorialFrom the Vienna Circle to the Institute Vienna Circle: On the Viennese Legacy in Contemporary Philosophy of Science; Friedrich Stadler ; I ; A Matter of Substance? Gaston Bachelard on Chemistry’s Philosophical Lessons; Cristina Chimisso ; Carnap’s Aufbau and Physicalism: What Does the “Mutual Reducibility” of Psychological and Physical Objects Amount to?; Thomas Uebel ; On the Relationship between Neuroscience and Philosophy: the Case of Sleep and Dreaming; Claude Debru ; Metaphysics in the Thirties: And Why Should Anyone Care Now? Richard Creath ; II ; Probabilistic Epistemology: A European Tradition; Maria Carla Galavotti ; Reductionism today; Michael Esfeld ; Betting Interpretation and the Problem of Interference; Wlodek Rabinowicz and Lina Eriksson ; III.- Mathematics and Experience; Ladislav Kvasz ; Gödel and Carnap. Platonism versus Conventionalism?; Eckehart Köhler ; What is the Status of the Hardy-Weinberg Law within Population Genetics?; Pablo Lorenzano ; IV ; Kazimierz Twardowski and the Development of Philosophy of Science in Poland; Jan Woleński ; V ; Vienna Circle on Determinism; Tomasz Placek ; Infinite Idealizations; John D. Norton ; VI ;  Political Polyphony. Otto Neurath and Politics Reconsidered; Günther Sandner ; Kelsen’s Legal Positivism and the Challenge of Nazi Law; Herlinde Pauer-Studer ; VII ; Biased Coins. A Model for Higherorder Probabilities; Jeanne Peijnenburg AND David Atkinson ; Is Logical Empiricism Compatible with Scientifi c Realism?; Matthias Neuber ; VIII ; Does the Unity of Science have a Future?; Jan Faye ; Is There a European Philosophy Science? A Wake-up call; Gereon Wolters ; General Part.-Report/Documentation ; Vienna Circle Historiographies; Veronika Hofer and Michael Stöltzner ; 18th Vienna Circle Lecture , Husserl and Gödel on Mathematical Objects and our Access to them; Dagfinn Føllesdal, Review Essay ; Logical Empiricism in Historical Perspective. Recent Works on Moritz Schlick; Massimo Ferrari ; Reviews ; After Postmodernism. A Naturalistic Reconstruction of the Humanities, Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2012. (Thomas Uebel) ; Jan Faye ; The Tyranny of Science. Edited by Eric Oberheim. Cambridge: Polity Press 2011. (Daniel B. Kuby); Paul Feyerabend Il valore della verità. Milano: Guerini e Associati, 2011. (Beatrice Collina); Paolo Parrini ; Der Wiener Kreis in Ungarn , Kreis, Bd. 16. Wien: Springer 2011. (Radek Schuster); András Máté, Miklós Rédei and Friedrich Stadler (Eds.) ; Fritz Mauthner. Scepticisme linguistique et modernité. Une biographie intellectuelle. Éditions Bartillat: Paris 2012. Jacques Le Rider, Fritz Mauthner. Le langage. Translation of “Die Sprache” from German and foreword by Jacques Le Rider, Éditions Bartillat: Paris 2012. (Camilla Nielsen); Jacques Le Rider ; Activities of the Institute Vienna Circle ; Index of Names ; Abstracts.
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789048129362
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 404 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy 3
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Dao Companion to Classical Confucian Philosophy
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Regional planning ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Regional planning ; Religion (General) ; Laozi Dao de jing ; Konfuzianismus ; Chinesische Philosophie ; China ; Konfuzianismus ; Politische Ethik ; Angewandte Ethik ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: This volume presents both a historical and a systematic examination of the philosophy of classical Confucianism. Taking into account newly unearthed materials and the most recent scholarship, it features contributions by experts in the field, ranging from senior scholars to outstanding early career scholars. The book first presents the historical development of classical Confucianism, detailing its development amidst a fading ancient political theology and a rising wave of creative humanism. It examines the development of the philosophical ideas of Confucius as well as his disciples and his grandson Zisi, the Zisi-Mencius School, Mencius, and Xunzi. Together with this historical development, the book analyzes and critically assesses the philosophy in the Confucian Classics and other major works of these philosophers. The second part systematically examines such philosophical issues as feeling and emotion, the aesthetic appreciation of music, wisdom in poetry, moral psychology, virtue ethics, political thoughts, the relation with the Ultimate Reality, and the concept of harmony in Confucianism. The Philosophy of Classical Confucianism offers an unparalleled examination to the philosophers, basic texts and philosophical concepts and ideas of Classical Confucianism as well as the recently unearthed bamboo slips related to Classical Confucianism. It will prove itself a valuable reference to undergraduate and postgraduate university students and teachers in philosophy, Chinese history, History, Chinese language and Culture
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: Classical Confucianism in Historical and Comparative Context, Vincent ShenPART I. Historical Development -- 2. The Fading of Political Theology and the Rise of Creative Humanism, Vincent Shen -- 3. The Philosophy of Confucius, NI Peimin -- 4. The Philosophy of Confucius’ Disciples, LO Yuet Keung -- 5. Zisi and the Thought of Zisi and Mencius School, TSAI Zheng-Feng -- 6. The Daxue (Great Learning) and the Zhongyong (Doctrine of the Mean).  Andrew H. Plaks -- 7. Philosophical Thought of Mencius, CHAN Wing-cheuk -- 8. Xunzi as a Systematic Philosopher: Toward Organic Unity of Nature, Mind, and Reason, CHENG Chung-ying -- PART II. Philosophical Issues -- 9. Early Confucian Perspectives on Emotions, Curie Virac -- 10. Art and Aesthetics of Music in Classical Confucianism, Johanna Liu -- 11. Wisdom and Hermeneutics of Poetry in Classical Confucianism, Vincent Shen -- 12. Early Confucian Moral Psychology, SHUN Kwong-loi -- 13. Early Confucian Virtue Ethics: The Virtues of Junzi , Antonio Cua† -- 14. Early Confucian Political Philosophy and Its Contemporary Relevance, BAI Tongdong -- 15. Ultimate Reality and Self-cultivation in Early Confucianism: A Conceptual/Existential Approach , YAN Zhong-hu -- 16. Confucian Harmony: A Philosophical Analysis, LI Chengyang -- List of contributors -- Index.
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400770461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIX, 335 p. 40 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Outstanding Contributions to Logic 1
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Logic design ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Logic design ; Segerberg, Krister 1936- ; Logik
    Abstract: This volume describes and analyzes in a systematic way the great contributions of the philosopher Krister Segerberg to the study of real and doxastic actions. Following an introduction which functions as a roadmap to Segerberg's works on actions, the first part of the book covers relations between actions, intentions and routines, dynamic logic as a theory of action, agency, and deontic logics built upon the logics of actions. The second section explores belief revision and update, iterated and irrevocable beliefs change, dynamic doxastic logic and hypertheories. Segerberg has worked for more than thirty years to analyze the intricacies of real and doxastic actions using formal tools - mostly modal (dynamic) logic and its semantics. He has had such a significant impact on modal logic that "It is hard to roam for long in modal logic without finding Krister Segerberg's traces," as Johan van Benthem notes in his chapter of this book
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Robert TrypuzPART I -- 1. "Krister Segerberg’s Philosophy of Action"; Richmond Thomason -- 2. "The concept of a routine in Segerberg’s philosophy of action"; Dag Elgesem -- 3. "On the Reconciliation of Logics of Agency and Logics of Event Types"; Jan Broersen -- 4. "Three traditions in the logic of action: bringing them together"; Andreas Herzig, Tiago de Lima, Emiliano Lorini, and Nicolas Troquard -- 5. "Deontic Logics based on Boolean Algebra"; Pablo Castro and Piotr Kulicki -- 6. "Dynamic Deontic Logic, Segerberg-Style"; John-Jules Meyer -- PART II -- 7. "Contraction, Revision, Expansion - Representing Belief Change Operations"; Sven Ove Hansson -- 8. "Segerberg on the Paradoxes of Introspective Belief Change"; Erik J Olsson and Sebastian Enqvist -- 9. "Equivalent Beliefs in Dynamic Doxastic Logic"; Robert Goldblatt -- 10. "On revocable and irrevocable belief revision"; Hans van Ditmarsch -- 11. "Actions, belief update, and DDL"; Jérôme Lang -- 12. "DDL as an “Internalization” of Dynamic Belief Revision"; Alexandru Baltag, Virginie Fiutek, and Sonja Smets.- 13. "Two logical faces of belief revision"; Johan van Benthem.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9783770554041
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Übergänge 65
    Series Statement: Übergänge
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    Abstract: Die Beiträge des Bandes entwickeln Ansätze zu einer nicht-reduktionistischen Gewaltanalyse. Sie fokussieren Gewalt entsprechend als ein perspektivisches Phänomen, als erlittene, verübte oder aus der Perspektive Dritter erfahrene (etwa bezeugte) Gewalt, ohne zu unterstellen, dass sich von „der“ Gewalt sprechen ließe. Am Leitfaden der gelebten Verflechtung von inkarniertem Sinn und objektiven Ordnungen analysieren sie die vielen Gesichter der Gewalt in ihrer jeweiligen Verletzungsmacht und ihren Wechselwirkungen. Le but de ce collectif est d’analyser la violence d’un point de vue phénoménologique. En prenant pour fil directeur l’entrelacs du sens incarné et des ordres symboliques, on analyse les différentes faces de la violence et sa constitution relationnelle
    Abstract: The contributions to this volume develop basic patterns for a non-reductive analysis of violence. They focus violence as perspective phenomenon, i.e., as suffered, enacted, or otherwise experienced, and thus undermine essentialist definitions of this very phenomenon. In applying the phenomenological insight into the lived intertwining of embodied meaning and objective orders, this book traces the many faces of violence in both their specific traits as well as their relational constitution
    Note: de
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    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (448 S.)
    Dissertation note: Teilw. zugl.: Salzburg, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2012
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    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Die vorliegende Schrift unternimmt eine Revision des vor-herrschenden Bildes der Rolle und der Konzeptionen von Moral und Ethik im Wiener Kreis. Dieses Bild wird als zu einseitig und undifferenziert zurückgewiesen
    Abstract: This monograph undertakes a long-overdue revision of the prevailing view on the role and conception of ethics and morality in the Vienna Circle. This view is rejected as being too partial and undifferentiated
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400746411
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 338 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 208
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Dupont, Christian Phenomenology in French philosophy
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Husserl, Edmund, 1859-1938 ; Influence ; Philosophy, French ; 20th century ; Phenomenology ; Frankreich ; Phänomenologie ; Rezeption ; Geschichte 1889-1939
    Abstract: This work investigates the early encounters of French philosophers and religious thinkers with the phenomenological philosophy of Edmund Husserl. Following an introductory chapter addressing context and methodology, Chapter 2 argues that Henri Bergson’s insights into lived duration and intuition and Maurice Blondel’s genetic description of action functioned as essential precursors to the French reception of phenomenology. Chapter 3 details the presentations of Husserl and his followers by three successive pairs of French academic philosophers: Léon Noël and Victor Delbos, Lev Shestov and Jean Hering, and Bernard Groethuysen and Georges Gurvitch. Chapter 4 then explores the appropriation of Bergsonian and Blondelian phenomenological insights by Catholic theologians Édouard Le Roy and Pierre Rousselot. Chapter 5 examines applications and critiques of phenomenology by French religious philosophers, including Jean Hering, Joseph Maréchal, and neo-Thomists like Jacques Maritain. A concluding chapter expounds the principal finding that philosophical and theological receptions of phenomenology in France prior to 1939 proceeded independently due to differences in how Bergson and Blondel were perceived by French philosophers and religious thinkers and their respective orientations to the Cartesian and Aristotelian/Thomist intellectual traditions
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Occasion; 1.2 Contribution; 1.3 Methodology and Terminology; 1.3.1 Definition of Reception; 1.3.2 Definition of Phenomenology; 1.3.3 Definition of Religious Thought; 1.4 Plan; References; Chapter 2: Precursors to the Reception of Phenomenology in France, 1889-1909; 2.1 Three Major Currents in French Philosophy at the End of the Nineteenth Century; 2.1.1 Positivism; 2.1.2 Idealism; 2.1.2.1 Charles Renouvier; 2.1.2.2 Léon Brunschvicg; 2.1.3 Spiritualism; 2.1.3.1 Félix Ravaisson; 2.1.3.2 Jules Lachelier; 2.1.3.3 Émile Boutroux
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.1.4 Summary: Anticipations of Phenomenology in French Positivism, Idealism, and Spiritualism2.2 Henri Bergson: Lived Duration and Intuition; 2.2.1 Bergson's Original Insight; 2.2.2 Bergson's Principal Themes: Duration and Intuition; 2.2.2.1 Duration; 2.2.2.2 Intuition; 2.2.3 Bergson as a Precursor to Husserlian Phenomenology; 2.2.3.1 Similarities; 2.2.3.2 Differences; 2.2.3.3 Conclusions; 2.2.4 Bergson's Influence on French Theologians; 2.3 Maurice Blondel: A Phenomenology of Action; 2.3.1 Blondel's Original Insight; 2.3.2 Blondel's Principal Theme: Action
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.3.3 Blondel as a Precursor to Husserlian Phenomenology2.3.3.1 Critique of Positivist Approaches to Science; 2.3.3.2 Phenomenological Themes: Intentionality, Intuition, and Intersubjectivity; 2.3.3.3 Conclusions; 2.3.4 Blondel's Influence on French Theologians; 2.4 Conclusion: Bergson and Blondel as Precursors to the Reception of Husserlian Phenomenology in France; References; Chapter 3: Four Phases in the Reception of Phenomenology in French Philosophy, 1910-1939; 3.1 Léon Noël and Victor Delbos; 3.1.1 Léon Noël; 3.1.2 Victor Delbos; 3.1.3 Noël and Delbos as Interpreters of Phenomenology
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.2 Lev Shestov and Jean Hering3.2.1 Lev Shestov; 3.2.2 Jean Hering; 3.2.3 Shestov's Reply to Hering; 3.2.4 Hering's Rebuttal to Shestov; 3.2.5 Shestov and Hering as Interpreters of Phenomenology; 3.3 Bernard Groethuysen and Georges Gurvitch; 3.3.1 Bernard Groethuysen; 3.3.2 Interlude: German Phenomenologists in France; 3.3.3 Georges Gurvitch; 3.3.3.1 Gurvitch on Husserl; 3.3.3.2 Gurvitch on Scheler; 3.3.3.3 Gurvitch on Lask and Hartmann; 3.3.3.4 Gurvitch on Heidegger; 3.3.4 Groethuysen and Gurvitch as Interpreters of Phenomenology; 3.4 Emmanuel Levinas and Jean-Paul Sartre
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.4.1 Emmanuel Levinas3.4.1.1 On Husserl's Ideas; 3.4.1.2 Husserl's Theory of Intuition; 3.4.1.3 Heidegger's Ontology; 3.4.2 Jean-Paul Sartre; 3.4.3 Levinas and Sartre as Interpreters of Phenomenology; 3.5 Conclusion: Four Phases in the Reception of Phenomenology in French Philosophy, 1910-1939; 3.5.1 Phase One: Awareness of Husserl as a Critic of Psychologism; 3.5.2 Phase Two: Polemics Over Ideas and the Logos Essay; 3.5.3 Phase Three: Popularization of Phenomenology; 3.5.4 Phase Four: Original French Appropriations of Phenomenology; 3.5.5 Other Figures, Further Aspects; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 4: Receptions of Phenomenological Insights in French Religious Thought, 1901-1929
    Description / Table of Contents: ACKNOWLEDGMENTSINTRODUCTION -- I. The Occasion of the Dissertation -- II. The Contribution of the Dissertation -- III. Methodology and Terminology -- A. Definition of Reception -- B. Definition of Phenomenology -- C. Definition of Religious Thought -- IV. The Plan of the Dissertation -- CHAPTER 1 PRECURSORS TO THE RECEPTION OF PHENOMENOLOGY IN FRANCE, 1889-1909 -- I. Three Major Currents in French Philosophy at the End of the Nineteenth Century -- A. Positivism -- B. Idealism -- C Spiritualism -- D. Conclusion: Anticipations of Phenomenology in French Positivism, Idealism and Spiritualism.-II. Henri Bergson: Lived Duration and Intuition -- A. Bergson’s Original Insight -- B. Bergson’s Principal Themes: Duration and Intuition -- C. Bergson as a Precursor to Husserlian Phenomenology -- D. Bergson’s Influence on French Theologians -- III. Maurice Blondel: A Phenomenology of Action -- A. Blondel’s Original Insight -- B. Blondel’s Principal Theme: Action -- C. Blondel as a Precursor to Husserlian Phenomenology -- D. Blondel’s Influence on French Theologians -- IV. Conclusion: Bergson and Blondel as Precursors to the Reception of Husserlian Phenomenology in France -- CHAPTER 2 FOUR PHASES IN THE RECEPTION OF PHENOMENOLOGY IN FRENCH PHILOSOPHY, 1910-1939 -- I. Léon Noël and Victor Delbos -- A. Léon Noël -- B. Victor Delbos -- C. Noël and Delbos as Interpreters of Phenomenology -- II. Lev Shestov and Jean Héring -- A. Lev Shestov -- B. Jean Héring -- C. Shestov’s Reply to Héring -- D. Héring’s Rebuttal to Shestov -- E. Shestov and Héring as Interpreters of Phenomenology -- III. Bernard Groethuysen and Georges Gurvitch -- A. Bernard Groethuysen -- B. Interlude: German Phenomenologists in France -- C. Georges Gurvitch -- D. Groethuysen and Gurvitch as Interpreters of phenomenology -- IV. Emmanuel Levinas and Jean-Paul Sartre -- A. Emmanuel Levinas -- B. Jean-Paul Sartre -- C. Levinas and Sartre as Interpreters of Phenomenology -- V. Conclusion: Four Phases in the Reception of Phenomenology in French Philosophy, 1910-1939 -- CHAPTER 3 RECEPTIONS OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL INSIGHTS IN FRENCH RELIGIOUS THOUGHT, 1901-1929 -- I. Édouard Le Roy -- A. His Life and Works -- B. Le Roy and Bergson -- C. Le Roy’s Application of Bergsonian Insights to Religious Thought -- D. Le Roy’s Contribution to the Theological Reception of Phenomenology -- II. Pierre Rousselot -- A. His Life and Works -- B. Rousselot and Blondel -- C. Rousselot’s Application of Blondelian Insights to Religious Thought -- D. Rousselot’s Contribution to the Theological Reception of Phenomenology -- CHAPTER 4 RECEPTIONS OF HUSSERLIAN PHENOMENOLOGY IN FRENCH RELIGIOUS THOUGHT, 1926-1939 -- I. Jean Héring -- A. His Life and Works -- B. Phenomenology and the Philosophy of Religion -- C. Héring’s Application of Phenomenology to Religious Thought -- II. Gaston Rabeau -- A. His Life and Works -- B. Phenomenology and Theological Epistemology -- C. Rabeau’s Application of Phenomenology to Religious Thought -- III. Joseph Maréchal -- A. His Life and Works -- B. Phenomenology and the Critical Justification of Metaphysics -- C. Maréchal’s Application of Phenomenology to Religious Thought -- IV. Neo-Thomist Encounters with Phenomenology -- A. The Société Thomiste and the Journée d’Études -- B. Neo-Thomist Appraisals of Phenomenology V. Conclusion: Two Stages in the Reception of Phenomenology in French Religious Thought Prior to 1939 -- CONCLUSION -- I. Receptions of Phenomenology in French Academic Circles prior to 1939 -- II. Appropriations of Phenomenology by French Philosophers -- III. Appropriations of Phenomenology by French Religious Thinkers -- IV. French Receptions of Phenomenology since 1939 -- WORKS CITED.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400779143
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 248 p. 4 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Philosophy of Engineering and Technology 17
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The moral status of technical artefacts
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Engineering ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Engineering ; Engineering ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Political science ; Technology ; Artefakt ; Ethik ; Technik ; Artefakt ; Ethik ; Technik
    Abstract: This book considers the question: to what extent does it make sense to qualify technical artefacts as moral entities? The authors’ contributions trace recent proposals and topics including instrumental and non-instrumental values of artefacts, agency and artefactual agency, values in and around technologies, and the moral significance of technology. The editors’ introduction explains that as ‘agents’ rather than simply passive instruments, technical artefacts may actively influence their users, changing the way they perceive the world, the way they act in the world and the way they interact with each other. This volume features the work of various experts from around the world, representing a variety of positions on the topic. Contributions explore the contested discourse on agency in humans and artefacts, defend the Value Neutrality Thesis by arguing that technological artefacts do not contain, have or exhibit values, or argue that moral agency involves both human and non-human elements. The book also investigates technological fields that are subject to negative moral valuations due to the harmful effects of some of their products. It includes an analysis of some difficulties arising in Artificial Intelligence and an exploration of values in Chemistry and in Engineering. The Moral Status of Technical Artefacts is an advanced exploration of the various dimensions of the relations between technology and morality
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: the moral status of technical artefacts; Peter Kroes and Peter-Paul VerbeekChapter 1. Agency in Humans and in Artifacts: A Contested Discourse; Carl Mitcham -- Chapter 2. Towards a post-human intra-actional account of sociomaterial agency (and Morality); Lucas Introna -- Chapter 3. Which came first, the doer or the deed?; Allan Hanson -- Chapter 4. Some misunderstandings about the moral significance of technology; Peter-Paul Verbeek -- Chapter 5. “Guns don’t kill, people kill”; values in and/or around technologies; Joe Pitt.-Chapter 6. Can technology embody values?; Ibo van de Poel and Peter Kroes -- Chapter 7. From moral agents to moral factors: the structural ethics approach; Philip Brey -- Chapter 8. Artefactual agency and artefactual moral agency; Deborah G. Johnson and Merel Noorman -- Chapter 9. Artefacts, agency, and action schemes; Christian Illies and Anthonie Meijers -- Chapter 10. Artificial agents and their moral nature; Luciano Floridi -- Chapter 11. The good, the bad, the ugly and the poor: instrumental and non- instrumental values of artefacts; Maarten Franssen -- Chapter 12. Values in Chemistry and Engineering; Sven Ove Hansson.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401790116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 283 p. 186 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences 5
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Logik ; Rationalität ; Vernunft
    Abstract: This book contains a selection of the papers presented at the Logic, Reasoning and Rationality 2010 conference (LRR10) in Ghent. The conference aimed at stimulating the use of formal frameworks to explicate concrete cases of human reasoning, and conversely, to challenge scholars in formal studies by presenting them with interesting new cases of actual reasoning. According to the members of the Wiener Kreis, there was a strong connection between logic, reasoning, and rationality and that human reasoning is rational in so far as it is based on (classical) logic. Later, this belief came under attack and logic was deemed inadequate to explicate actual cases of human reasoning. Today, there is a growing interest in reconnecting logic, reasoning and rationality. A central motor for this change was the development of non-classical logics and non-classical formal frameworks. The book contains contributions in various non-classical formal frameworks, case studies that enhance our apprehension of concrete reasoning patterns, and studies of the philosophical implications for our understanding of the notions of rationality
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Erik Weber, Joke Meheus & Dietlinde WoutersChapter 1. Adaptive Logics as a Necessary Tool for Relative Rationality. Including a Section on Logical Pluralism; Diderik Batens -- Chapter 2. A New Approach to Epistemic Logic; Giovanna Corsi and Gabriele Tassi -- Chapter 3. Explaining Capacities: Assessing the Explanatory Power of Models in the Cognitive Sciences; Raoul Gervais -- Chapter 4. Data-driven Induction in Scientific Discovery. A Critical Assessment Based on Kepler’s Discoveries; Albrecht Heeffer -- Chapter 5. Dovetailing Belief Base Revision with (Basic) Truth Approximation; Theo A.F. Kuipers -- Chapter 6. A Method of Generating Modal Logics Defining Jaśkowski’s Discussive D2 Consequence; Marek Nasieniewski and Andrzej Pietruszczak -- Chapter 7. Frontier Theory of Inquiry: Apparent Conflicts between the Ghent Logical Program and the “Darwinian” Selectionist Program; Thomas Nickles -- Chapter 8. On the Propagation of Consistency in Some Systems of Paraconsistent Logic; Hitoshi Omori and Toshiharu Waragai -- Chapter 9. Degrees of Validity and the Logical Paradoxes; Francesco Orilia -- Chapter 10. Contradictory Concepts; Graham Priest -- Chapter 11. Bloody Analogical Reasoning; Dagmar Provijn -- Chapter 12. Another Look at Mathematical Style, as Inspired by Le Lionnais and the OuLiPo; Jean Paul Van Bendegem and Bart Van Kerkhove -- Chapter 13. Internalism Does Entail Scepticism; Jan Willem Wieland -- Chapter 14. Answering by Means of Questions in View of Inferential Erotetic Logic; Andrzej Wiśniewski.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401788168
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 273 p. 8 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Ethics and the arts
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Künste ; Ethik ; Ästhetik ; Geschichte
    Abstract: This book proposes that the highest expression of ethics is an aesthetic. It suggests that the quintessential performance of any field of practice is an art that captures an ethic beyond any literal statement of values. This is toadvocate for a shift in emphasis,away from current juridical approaches to ethics (ethicalcodes or regulation), toward ethics as an aesthetic practice-away from ethics as a minimal requirement, toward ethics as an aspiration. The book explores the relationship between art and ethics: a subject that has fascinated philosophers from ancient Greece to the present. It explores this relationship in all the arts: literature, the visual arts, film, the performing arts, and music. It also examines current issues raised by ‘hybrid’ artists who are working at the ambiguous intersections between art, bioart and bioethics and challenging ethical limits in working with living materials. In considering these issues the book investigates the potential for art and ethics to be mutually challenged and changed in this meeting. The book is aimed at artists and students of the arts, who may be interested in approaching ethics and the arts in a new way. It is also aimed at students and teachers of ethics and philosophy, as well as those working in bioethics and the health professions. It will have appeal to the ‘general educated reader’ as being current, of considerable interest, and offering a perspective on ethics that goes beyond a professional context to include questions about how one approaches ethics in one’s own life and practices
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; References; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction : Ethics and the Arts; Reference; Part I: The Arts and Ethics; Chapter 2: Literature and Ethics: Learning to Read with Emma Bovary; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Historical Background; 2.3 The Work; 2.4 Conclusion: The Ethics of Reading; References; Chapter 3: Music and Morality; 3.1 Music, Morality, and Philosophy ; 3.2 The Deep Diversity of Musical Practices; 3.3 Musical Resources and Morality; 3.4 Music, Ethos, and Education; References; Chapter 4: Modern Painting and Morality; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Morality in 'Early Modern' Painting
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2.1 The Moral Universe: Gathering of the Ashes4.2.2 Two Bathshebas; 4.3 Modern Painting to 1980; 4.3.1 The Beginnings of Modern Painting; 4.3.2 Rothko; 4.3.3 Andy Warhol; 4.4 Modern Painting from a Moral Perspective; 4.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: The Photograph Not as Proof but as Limit; 5.1 Roland Barthes's Camera Lucida; 5.2 Josh Azzarella and Trevor Paglen; 5.3 Unknowability, Mystery, and Ethical Viewing; References; Chapter 6: Of Redemption: The Good of Film Experience; 6.1 Encountering Cinema; 6.2 Intersecting Ethics; 6.3 Redeeming Cinema and Ethics; 6.4 Risking Redemption
    Description / Table of Contents: ReferencesChapter 7: Movies and Medical Ethics; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Film as a Starting Point for Studying Medical Ethics; 7.3 Engaging Viewers and Delivering Messages Cinematographically; 7.4 Extracted Sequences Illustrate Memorable Moments of a Film's Narrative; 7.5 The Value of Informed Awareness; 7.6 Aesthetics; A Valuable Addition to the Message; 7.7 Conclusion; References; Chapter 8: The House of the Dead-The Ethics and Aesthetics of Documentary; 8.1 The Poem; 8.2 Three Characters-Jaime, Antonio and Almerindo; 8.2.1 Almerindo Act 1: 'The bells'; 8.2.2 Jaime Act 2: 'The deaths'
    Description / Table of Contents: 8.2.3 Antonio Act 3: 'The forgotten'8.3 Activist Documentary Making; References; Chapter 9: Embracing the Unknown, Ethics and Dance; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Spinoza's Ethics; 9.3 Training and Technique; 9.4 Conclusion; References; Chapter 10: Burning Daylight : Contemporary Indigenous Dance, Loss and Cultural Intuition; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Marrugeku; 10.3 Burning Daylight Production Outline; 10.4 Contemporary Dance in a Context of Loss and Forced Removal; 10.4.1 Case Study: Researching Burning Daylight ; 10.5 Negotiating the Contemporary in the Native Title Era; 10.5.1 Case Study: Rubibi
    Description / Table of Contents: 10.5.2 Case Study: Memory of Tradition10.6 The Art of Listening; References; Chapter 11: Toward an Intersubjective Ethics of Acting and Actor Training; 11.1 Considering the Intersubjective Space 'Between' in One Performance; 11.1.1 Phenomenological Perspectives on Intersubjectivity; 11.2 Theatre and Ethics: A Brief Overview; 11.3 The Postmodern Condition and Ethics; 11.3.1 Levinas' Ethics of Ethics ; References; Chapter 12: Politics and Ethics in Applied Theatre: Face-to-­Face and Disturbing the Fabric of the Sensible; 12.1 Facing the Other; 12.2 Political Affects
    Description / Table of Contents: 12.3 Sensitising Through Participatory Theatre
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Pr.
    ISBN: 9780191749360 , 9780199669356
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 638 Seiten) , Ill.
    Edition: 1. ed.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Oxford handbooks in business and management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.: The Oxford handbook of process philosophy and organization studies
    DDC: 658.001
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    Keywords: Organisationsforschung ; Philosophie ; Prozessmanagement ; Organization Philosophy ; Management Philosophy ; Process philosophy ; Organization ; Philosophy ; Management ; Philosophy ; Process philosophy ; Handbuch ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Prozess ; Prozessphilosophie ; Organisation ; Prozess ; Prozessphilosophie
    Abstract: Process approaches to organization studies focus on flow, activities, and evolution, understanding organizations and organizing as processes in the making. They stand in contrast to positivist approaches that see organizations and phenomena as fixed, static, and measurable. Process approaches draw on a range of ideas and philosophies. The handbook examines 34 philosophers and social theorists, both those commonly linked to process thinking, such as Whitehead, Bergson and James, and those that are not as often addressed from a process perspective such as Dilthey and Tarde. Each chapter addresses the background and context of this thinker, their work (with a focus on the processual elements), and the potential contribution to organization and management research.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319063348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 295 p. 26 illus., 3 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 25
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Systematic approaches to argument by analogy
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    Keywords: Applied linguistics ; Language and languages ; Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Applied linguistics ; Language and languages ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Analogie ; Argumentationstheorie ; Analogie ; Argumentation ; Argumentation ; Analogie ; Argumentationstheorie
    Abstract: The present volume assembles a relevant set of studies of argument by analogy, which address this topic in a systematic fashion, either from an essentially theoretical perspective, or from the perspective of it being applied to different fields like politics, linguistics, literature, law, medicine, science in general, and philosophy. All result from original research conducted by their authors for this publication. Thus, broadly speaking, this is an exception which we find worthy of occupying a special place in the sphere of the bibliography on the argument by analogy. In effect, most of the contexts of the publications on this topic focus on specific areas, for example everyday discourse, science or law theory, while underestimating or sometimes even ignoring other interdisciplinary scopes, as is the case of literature, medicine or philosophy. The idiosyncrasy of this volume is that the reader and the researcher may follow the development of different theoretical outlooks on argument by analogy, while measuring the scope of its (greater or lesser) application to the aforementioned areas as a whole
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Henrique Jales RibeiroPart I: Theoretical Approaches to Argument by Analogy -- Argumentation Schemes for Argument from Analogy; Douglas N. Walton -- Argumentation by Analogy in Stereotypical Argumentative Patterns; Frans H. van Eemeren and Bart Garssen -- The Uses of Analogy; Lilian Bermejo-Luque -- Analogy and Redefinition; Fabrizio Macagno -- Arguments from Parallel Reasoning; Jan Albert van Laar -- A Systematic Review of Classifications of Arguments by Analogy; André Juthe -- Messing Up the Mind? Analogical Reasoning with Metaphors; Eugen Fischer -- Part 2: Applied Approaches to Argument by Analogy -- How To Make Figures Talk: Comparative Arguments in TV Election Night Specials; Marianne Doury -- Analogical Argumentation in Text Genres: Empirical Studies; Rosalice Pinto -- Classical Fables as Arguments: Narration and Analogy; Paula Olmos -- Analogies in Scientific Explanations: Coancept Formation by Analogies in Cultural Evolutionary Theory; Christian Feldbacher -- Analogy and Interpretation in Legal Argumentation; Damiano Canale and Giovanni Tuzet -- Analogy Legis and Analogy Iuris: An Overview from a Rhetorical Perspective; Giovanni Damele -- Analogical Reasoning in Clinical Practice; Nino Guallart Forés -- The Role of Analogy in Philosophical Discourse; Henrique Jales Ribeiro -- About the Authors -- Index.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Peter Lang | Berlin : Knowledge Unlatched
    ISBN: 9783653039764 , 9783653999648 , 9783653999631
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Dresden philosophy of technology studies vol. 5
    Series Statement: Peter Lang Edition
    DDC: 629.8/920943
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    Keywords: Robotics Popular works ; Robotics Popular works ; Robotics Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift 2010 ; Deutschland ; Japan ; Robotik ; Robotik ; Philosophie ; Ethik ; Japan ; Deutschland ; Robotik ; Philosophie ; Technik
    Note: Based on the lectures of the Conference "Future of Robotics in Germany and Japan" (TU Dresden, November 11-12, 2010)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9783319076836
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 233 p. 19 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics 21
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Old World and New World perspectives in environmental philosophy
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Landscape ecology ; Nature Conservation ; Human Geography ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Landscape ecology ; Nature Conservation ; Human Geography ; Ethics ; Human Geography ; Landscape ecology ; Nature Conservation ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Konferenzschrift 2011 ; Umweltethik ; Naturphilosophie
    Abstract: This is the first collection of essays in which European and American philosophers explicitly think out their respective contributions and identities as environmental thinkers in the analytic and continental traditions. The American/European, as well as Analytic/Continental collaboration here bears fruit helpful for further theorizing and research. The essays group around three well-defined areas of questioning all focusing on the amelioration/management of environmentally, historically and traditionally diminished landscapes. The first part deals with differences between New World and the Old World perspectives on nature and landscape restoration in general, the second focuses on the meaning of ecological restoration of cultural landscapes, and the third on the meaning of the wolf and of wildness. It does so in a way that the strengths of each philosophical school-continental and analytic-comes to the fore in order to supplement the other’s approach. This text is open to educated readers across all disciplines, particularly those interested in restoration/adaptation ecology, the cultural construction of place and landscape, the ongoing conversation about wilderness, the challenges posed to global environmental change. The text may also be a gold mine for doctoral students looking for dissertation projects in environmental philosophy that are inclusive of continental and analytic traditions. This text is rich in innovative approaches to the questions they raise that are reasonably well thought out. The fact that the essays in each section really do resonate with one another directly is also intellectually exciting and very helpful in working out the full dimensions of each question raised in the volume
    Description / Table of Contents: ContributorsPreface -- 1. Introduction; Martin Drenthen & Jozef Keulartz: Introduction -- Part One: Wilderness and Cultural Landscapes -- 2. Extracting Culture or Injecting Nature? Rewilding in Transatlantic Perspective; Marcus Hall -- 3. Restoration and Authenticity Revisited; Marion Hourdequin & David Havlick -- 4. Conceiving the Earth itself as our Garden; W.S.K. Cameron 5. Wilderness Recognized. Environments Free From Human Control; Robert Scotney -- Part Two: Restoration of Value and Meaning to Cultural Ecosystems -- 6. Cultural Landscapes, Ecological Restoration and the Intergenerational Narrative; Paul Knights -- 7. Enduring Nature; Glenn Deliège 8. Seeking Nature's Permission; Alan Holland -- 9. Green Managerialism And The Erosion Of Meaning; Simon P. James -- Part Three: Wolves and Wildness -- 10. The wolf is coming! Emplacing a predator that is not (yet) there; Martin Drenthen -- 11. Eating Wolves; Thomas Thorp -- 12. Blurring Boundaries: Freedom, Enclosure, and Death; Brian Seitz -- 13. The Hero, the Wolf, and the Hybrid. Overcoming the Overcoming of Uncultured Landscapes; Nathan Kowalsky -- Index.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rotterdam : SensePublishers
    ISBN: 9789462096837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 158 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Perspectives of Critical Theory and Education
    Series Statement: Educational Research E-Books Online, Collection 2005-2017, ISBN: 9789004394001
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Heidegger, Žižek and Revolution
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    Keywords: Revolutionaries ; Liberalism ; Education ; Education
    Abstract: Preliminary Material -- Introduction -- Metaphysics is Politics -- Heidegger on Revolution -- What is Wrong in Heidegger’s Revolution? -- Industrial Agriculture and Concentration Camps or the Will and Evil -- Žižek on a See-Saw -- Žižek and Heidegger Avec Means -- Bibliography.
    Abstract: Why did Martin Heidegger, the giant of continental philosophy, believe in 1933 that Hitler is the future of Europe? And why does Slavoj Žižek, “the most dangerous philosopher in the West”, support Heidegger’s right wing militancy? Heidegger and Žižek are not only erudite thinkers on human being but also incorrigible revolutionaries who even after the catastrophic failures of their favourite revolutions—the October revolution for Žižek and the National Socialist revolution for Heidegger—want to overcome capitalism; undemocratically, if necessary. The two share a spirited and sophisticated rejection of the liberalist worldview and the social order based on it. The problem is not that liberalism is factually wrong, but rather that it is ethically bad. Both argue for building and educating a new collective based on human finitude and communality. In the tradition of the Enlightenment, Žižek advocates a universalist revolution, whereas Heidegger sees the transformation rooted in particular historical existence, inviting a bewildering array of mutually exclusive criticisms and apologies of his view. The crisis that Heidegger and Žižek want to address is still here, but their unquestioned Europocentrism sets a dark cloud over the whole idea of revolution
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION; A REVOLUTION, AFTER ALL?; RADICAL HEIDEGGER AS THE STARTING POINT; NOTES; CHAPTER 2:METAPHYSICS IS POLITICS; TRUTH IS NOT NEUTRAL; HEIDEGGER AND ŽIŽEK IN EVERYDAY POLITICS; HEIDEGGERIAN MARXISM AND ŽIŽEK AS THE NEW MARCUSE?; THE PROBLEM WITH THE LIBERAL SUBJECT; NOTES; CHAPTER 3:HEIDEGGER ON REVOLUTION; THE SUBJECT, THE WORKER, THE POLIS; "NUR NOCH DIE JUGEND KANN UNS RETTEN"; HEIDEGGER'S STEP AND ITS DIRECTION; NOTES; CHAPTER 4:WHAT IS WRONG IN HEIDEGGER'S REVOLUTION?; A SMALL MAN LIVING IN HARD TIMES
    Description / Table of Contents: THE LIBERAL CRITICISM: TOO MUCH POSTMODERNISMDECISIONISM; THE FRENCH CRITIQUES: TOO LITTLE POSTMODERNISM; NAZISM AS ANTICOMMUNISM; NAZISM AS ASUBJECTIVE NATIONAL EXPERIENCE; THE TYPICAL MARXIST CRITIQUE; ŽIŽEK›S UNTYPICAL MARXIST CRITIQUE AND PRAISE; NOTES; CHAPTER 5:INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURE AND CONCENTRATION CAMPS OR THE WILL AND EVIL; NOTES; CHAPTER 6:ŽIŽEK ON A SEE-SAW; NOTES; CHAPTER 7:ŽIŽEK AND HEIDEGGER AVEC MEANS; NOTES; BIBLIOGRAPHY
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319013480
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 261 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 212
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Nemeth, Thomas The early Solov'ëv and his quest for metaphysics
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Regional planning ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Regional planning ; Solovʹev, Vladimir Sergeevič 1853-1900 ; Metaphysik ; Solovʹev, Vladimir Sergeevič 1853-1900 ; Metaphysik
    Abstract: This volume offers a critical examination of the early works of Vladimir Solov’ëv, Russia’s most famous and systematic philosopher. It presents a philosophical critique of his early writings up to 1881 from an immanent viewpoint and examines Solov’ëv’s intended contributions to philosophy against the background of German Idealism, including Schopenhauer, and the positivism of his day. Examining contemporary reactions to his writings by leading figures of his day, such as Chicherin and Kavelin, The Early Solov’ëv and His Quest for Metaphysics reveals the small but vibrant philosophical community in Russia during the immediate decades before the Bolshevik Revolution. It provides a detailed discussion of Solov’ëv’s confrontation with his philosophical opponents and shows how his emphasis on developing a metaphysical ontology rather than epistemology exerted a virtual paradigmatic influence on Russian philosophy for years to come. This volume also sets Solov’ëv’s writings against a detailed intellectual biography of these early years, drawing on letters to friends and relatives including reminiscences, and challenges many of the received claims concerning his actions and positions, particularly his alleged youthful mystical visions. In addition, the book features two appendices: one that sketches the early Russian reception of French positivism against which Solov’ëv reacted in the name of metaphysics and another that presents a fascinating look at the Solov’ëv family background, which produced at once intellectual as well as dysfunctional members. Presenting a rare picture of the non-Marxist intellectual scene in 19th century Russia, The Early Solov’ëv and His Quest for Metaphysics will be of interest to graduate students and researchers looking for a philosophically informed approach to this unique thinker and era
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionChapter 1: A Voyage of Discovery -- Chapter 2: The Unfinished Sophia -- Chapter 3: Towards an Integral Philosophy -- Chapter 4: From Intuition to Faith -- Chapter 5: The Morality of a Critique -- Chapter 6: The Truth of a Critique -- Chapter 7: Critiques of the Critique -- Conclusion -- Appendix 1:   Comtean Positivism in Russia -- Appendix 2: Family Constellation and Early Youth -- Notes -- Bibliography.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789004274761
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XX, 256 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Studies in medieval and Reformation traditions Volume 183
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nicholas of Cusa and Islam
    DDC: 261.2/7092
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    Keywords: Nicholas ; Nicholas ; Nicholas ; Qurʼan Criticism, interpretation, etc ; Early works to 1800 ; Christianity and other religions Islam ; Early works to 1800 ; Islam Controversial literature ; Early works to 1800 ; Islam Relations ; Christianity ; Early works to 1800 ; History ; History / Africa ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Nikolaus von Kues, Kardinal 1401-1464 ; Christentum ; Islam
    Abstract: This collection of essays explores the complex relations between Christians and Muslims at the dawn of the modern age. It begins by examining two seminal works by Nicholas of Cusa: De pace fidei, a dialogue seeking peace among world religions written after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, and Cribratio Alkorani (1460-61), an attempt to confirm Gospel truths through a critical reading of the Qur'an. After considering Nicholas, his sources, and his context, the book explores a wider range of late medieval texts on Christian-Muslim relations-not only Christian writings about Islam but also Muslim responses to Christianity. The book's focus is historical, but it can also contribute to efforts at increasing Muslim-Christian understanding today
    Note: Includes index
    URL: Cover  (Thumbnail cover image)
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780199983803
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Oxford handbooks online
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Oxford handbook of Hume
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Oxford handbook of Hume
    DDC: 192#23
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    Keywords: Hume, David ; Hume, David, 1711-1776 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Hume, David 1711-1776
    Abstract: This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. The table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9783319020396
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 358 p. 26 illus., 24 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 117
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Phenomenology of space and time
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Konferenzschrift 2012 ; Zeit ; Raum ; Phänomenologie
    Abstract: This work celebrates the investigative power of phenomenology to explore the phenomenological sense of space and time in conjunction with the phenomenology of intentionality, the invisible, the sacred, and the mystical. It examines the course of life through its ontopoietic genesis, opening the cosmic sphere to logos. The work also explores, on the one hand, the intellectual drive to locate our cosmic position in the universe and, on the other, the pull toward the infinite. It intertwines science and its grounding principles with imagination in order to make sense of the infinite. This book is the second of a two-part work that contains papers presented at the 62nd International Congress of Phenomenology, The Forces of the Cosmos and the Ontopoietic Genesis of Life, held in Paris, France, August 2012. It features the work of scholars in such diverse disciplines as biology, anthropology, pedagogy, and psychology who philosophically investigate the cosmic origins of beingness. Coverage in this second part includes: Communicative Virtues of A-T. Tymieniecka’s Phenomenology of Life, Intentionality of Time and Quantum - Phenomenological Sense of Space, Consciousness of the Cosmos: A Thought Experiment Through Philosophy and Science Fiction, The Cosmos and Bodily Life on Earth Elucidated within the Historicity of Human Existence, Novel as Path - Mamardashvili's Lectures on Proust, and Comments on Max Scheler's Thought and Philosophical Counseling
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgment; Contents; Part I; Communicative Virtues of A-T. Tymieniecka's Phenomenology of Life; Beyond Ontological Incommmunicability; To Resume Ontological Communication; Communicative Virtues of the Phenomenology of Life; New Communicative Connections Among Consciousness, Body and Life; A New Solidarity Between Logos and Life; References; Towards a Phenomenology of Life and the Invisible: Generativity and Sonship in the Thought of Michel Henry; Intentionnalité, Telos, Transcendentalité en tant que Forces Ontopoiétiques du Cosmos; Ontopoiesis et détournement métaphysique
    Description / Table of Contents: Critique des sciences et finalité anthropologiqueCritique et volonté de puissance; Un renversement paradoxal; L'humain en déséquilibre; Être et devenir : l'ontopoiesis au-delà de l'ontopoiesis; Pythagoras in the Sacred Cosmos of Chartres Cathedral; Phenomenological Approach; Historical Background; Reaching for God; The Incarnation Portal of Chartres Cathedral; Protohumanism; The Cosmos; Pythagoras; The Ontopoiesis of Scholarship; Part II; Le chaos du monde sensible et la quête du sens rudimentaire (à partir de Plotin); Intentionality of Time and Quantum - Phenomenological Sense of Space
    Description / Table of Contents: Part OnePart Two; References; Duality and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics; (1); (2); (3); (4); References; Part III; Ontopoietic Process of Life in Kierkegaard's Books: Zoe and Bios; The World-of-Life: The Vegetal Life and the Animal Life (ζωη) Outside of the System; The Process of Life: From Zoe to Bios; The Bios of Life or Praxis of a Singular Life; Edıfıces; The Relations Between an Entity and Its Manifestations; The Cave, the Lifeworld and the Tradition: The Transcendence-Immanence Contrast Perspective; The Transcendence-Immanence Contrast Perspective
    Description / Table of Contents: The Sun to be Dragged into the Cave: Phenomenological Interpretation of Plato's Narrative of the CaveConclusion; Wahdat Al-Wujud and Logos of Life: The Philosophical Comparison; Introduction; Wahdat al-wujud as the Expression of Existence; Logos of Life: As the Force of Creativity; "Homeland" and "the Passion of the Earth"; The Perfect Grain of the Matrix Man; The Development Trajectory of "Ego"; Conclusion; Consciousness of the Cosmos: A Thought Experiment Through Philosophy and Science Fiction; What Do We Know About the External World? Descartes and Plato in the Matrix
    Description / Table of Contents: The Brain-in-Vat: The Age of Death EndedPart IV; The Open Void - Embodiment and Experience - In Film/Video/ Numeric-Computer Art and Immersive Environments; Immortal Beloved: Cartesian Renderings- the Mind/Body and the Apparatus in the Face of Immortality; The Status and the Function; The Status of Truth; Thought and Its Processes of Investigation; The Mechanical Apparatus and Its Relationship to the Variable "truth"; The Film and the Photograph; The Computer; Consciousness and Its Methods of Representation - Intuitive Knowledge and the Symbology of Thought
    Description / Table of Contents: Filmmakers and Artists-Creative Interpretations
    Description / Table of Contents: PART IChapter 1: Communicative Virtues of A-T. Tymieniecka’s Phenomenology of Life; Daniela Verducci -- Chapter 2: Towards a Phenomenology of Life and Invisible: Generativity and Sonship in the Thought of Michel Henry; Giovanna Costanzo -- Chapter 3: Intentionalité, Telos, Transcendentalité en tant que forces Ontopoiétiques du Cosmos; Francesco Totaro -- Chapter 4 : Pythagoras in the Sacred Cosmos of Chartres Cathedral; Patricia Trutty-Coohill -- PART II -- Chapter 5: Le chaos du monde sensible et la quête du sens rudimentaire (à partir de Plotin); Robert Karul -- Chapter 6 : Intentionality of Time and Quantum - Phenomenological Sense of Space; Mamuka G. Dolidze -- Chapter 7: Duality and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics; Tsung-I Dow -- PART III -- Chapter 8: Ontopoietic Process of Life in Kierkegaard's Books: Zoe and Bios; Elodie Gontier -- Chapter 9: Edifices; Semiha Akinci -- Chapter 10: The Cave, the Lifeworld and the Tradition: The Transcendence-Immanence Contrast Perspective; Abdul Rahim Afaki -- Chapter 11: Wahdat al-Wujud and Logos of Life: The Philosophical Comparison; Konul Bunyadzade -- Chapter 12: Consciousness of the Cosmos: A Thought Experiment Through Philosophy and Science Fiction; Sibel Oktar.- PART IV -- Chapter 13: The Open Void - Embodiment & Experience - In Film/Video/Numeric-Computer Art & Immersive Environments; Marguerite Harris -- Chapter 14: Ontopoiesis of Eidolon and Transcendental Schematism in Cassirer and the Concept of Ontology in Meinong and Quine; Giuseppina Sgueglia -- Chapter 15: Dia- Log(os): Genesis of Communicological Virtues in the Phenomenology of Life, with the reference to the Advaita Vedānta of ādi Śaṅkara; Olga Louchakova-Schwartz -- Chapter 16: The Cosmos and Bodily Life on Earth Elucidated within the Historicity of Human Existence; Konrad Rokstad -- Chapter 17: Evolution of Matter and Spirit, Rediscovering Slowacki’s Mysticism and Teilhard de Chardin's Theology; Piotr Popiolek -- PART V -- Chapter 18: Novel as Path - Mamardashvili's Lectures on Proust; Mara Stafecka -- Chapter 19: Artist's Personal Cosmogony, Andre Gide and Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz's Concept of Cosmos, Genesis of Life and Origin of Art; Daria Gosek -- Chapter 20: Phenomenological Elucidation of Any Self Demonstrative Form of Expression; Erkut Sezgin -- PART VI -- Chapter 21: Comments on Max Scheler's Thought and Philosophical Counseling; Lucrezia Piraino -- Chapter 22 : Hyper Klein Bottle Logophysics Ontopoiesis of the Cosmos and Life; Diego Rapoport.  .
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wien [u.a.] : Böhlau
    ISBN: 3205795164 , 9783205795162 , 9783205793052 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Ill.
    Edition: Göttingen Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Verlag ISBN 9783205793052
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    Keywords: Geschichte ; Kult ; Visualisierung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780191755408
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 650 S.)
    Edition: 1. ed.
    Series Statement: Oxford handbooks in philosophy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.: The Oxford handbook of British philosophy in the nineteenth century
    DDC: 192
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    Keywords: Philosophy, British 18th century ; Philosophy, British ; 18th century ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Großbritannien ; Philosophie ; Geschichte 1800-1900
    Abstract: This is the first book to provide comprehensive coverage of the full range of philosophical writing in Britain in the nineteenth century. A team of experts provide new accounts of both major and lesser-known thinkers, and explores the diverse approaches in the period to logic and metaphysics, the passions, morality, criticism, and politics.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9783839419519
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 online resource (322 p.) , 5 SW-Abbildungen
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Edition Moderne Postmoderne
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 193
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    Keywords: Computer; Digitalität; Vilém Flusser; Mark Weiser; Technikdeterminismus; Technikphilosophie; Medientheorie; Medien; Technik; Medienphilosophie; Medienwissenschaft; Philosophie; Philosophy of Technology; Media Theory; Media; Technology; Media Philosophy; Media Studies; Philosophy; ; Hochschulschrift ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Computer gelten als prägende Faktoren unserer Gesellschaft, ohne dass die ihnen zugesprochene Gestaltungsmacht systematisch hinterfragt würde. Gemeinhin werden sie als Rechenmaschine, Medium oder Notationssystem adressiert. Unklar bleibt, welcher Status Computern als Ding überhaupt zukommt. Mit ihrer kritischen Neulektüre von Vilém Flusser und Mark Weiser legt Suzana Alpsancar zwei symptomatische Computerkonzepte im Diskurs des Digitalen frei. Sie zeigt, dass eine Reflexion der Gestaltungsmacht von Computern neben typischen Gebrauchsweisen gerade auch auf ihre potenzielle Widerständigkeit als Dinge abheben muss, um ihre Medialität angemessen erfassen zu können.
    Abstract: Besprochen in: GMK-Newsletter, 1 (2013) E-3, 2 (2013) IT, 2 (2013) Zeitschrift für Medienwissenschaft, 9/2 (2013), Florian Sprenger Widerspruch, 59 (2014), Percy Turtur
    Note: Online resource; title from title screen (viewed May 11, 2021)
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319044033
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 158 p
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Quality of Life ; Humanities ; Quality of Life Research
    URL: Cover
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789400779020
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (196 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Islamic Philosophy and Occidental Phenomenology in Dialogue Ser. v.7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 181.07
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    Keywords: Phenomenology ; Islamic philosophy
    Abstract: The contributions, composed in this volume, are inspired not only by the necessity but also by the potentialities of a process which continues and deepens cross-cultural understanding, especially between Islamic and Western philosophy. Following the tradition of an East-Western symphony of thoughts, the authors focus on common horizons and while applying comparative and historical approaches, varieties of unity appear on the ways towards a New Enlightenment. The creative force, orchestrating the harmony in the web of Life, communicates in the mean time with the capacities of human beings, advancing in deciphering its micro-macrocosmic dimensions. Here, the encounter of the Logos of Life Philosophy (A-T. Tymieniecka) and Islamic Philosophy open the space for constructive disputation. In the wake of the crisis of postmodern unknowability, paths towards a new critique of reason go hand in hand with fundamental issues, being reflected newly.
    Abstract: Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Introduction -- Part I: Phenomenology of Life and Metaphysics -- A Metamorphic Logos for Post-metaphysics. From the Phenomenology of Life -- Primum de-construere -- Difficile est restituire/The Difficult Rebuilding -- The Metamorphic Logos of Life -- The Effect of Illumination on the Way Back from Aristotle to Plato -- The `High Point´ of Thought: On the Future Thrust of all Transcendence -- The Sources of Truth in the History of Philosophy -- Introduction -- Of the Two Regularities of Idea -- The Ancient Period -- The Middle Ages and the Modern Times -- Modern Times -- Conclusion -- Necessity and Chance: The Metaphysical Dilemma -- Some Conceptions of Necessity and Chance -- Types of Necessity -- Chance -- Chance and Necessity in Human Affairs -- Human Freedom -- The Metaphysical Dilemma in Necessity and Chance -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Comparative and Cross-Cultural Approaches -- The Seal of Philosophy: Tymieniecka´s Phenomenology of Life Versus Islamic Metaphysics -- A Problem of a Static Metaphysical Unity -- Presuppositionlessness Versus the ``Islamization of the Intellect´´ -- Ontological Intuition and Sentience -- Static Versus Ontopoietic Oneness -- Unified Intelligence, Reality and God -- Concluding Remarks -- Confrontation et réconciliation entre l´Islam et l´Occident -- L´islam, religion ou civilisation ? -- L´Islam dans l´histoire occidentale -- La question du seul Dieu -- De certaines erreurs occidentales -- Le vêtement féminin -- L´Islam et l´Occident en opposition -- À la recherche d´une épistémologie de la compréhension -- The Question of Divinity in Newton´s and al-Biruni´s Philosophies of Mathematics: A Comparative Perspective -- Introduction -- Mathematics and God -- Mode of Mathematization -- Mathematical Knowledge -- Relevance to Contemporary Philosophies of Mathematics.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789401791472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (192 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Studies in the Philosophy of Sociality Ser. v.4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 111
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    Keywords: Social perception.. ; Social cognitive theory ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Perspectives on Social Ontology and Social Cognition brings together contributions discussing issues arising from theoretical and empirical research on social ontology and social cognition. It is the first comprehensive interdisciplinary collection in this rapidly expanding area. The contributors draw upon their diverse backgrounds in philosophy, cognitive science, behavioral economics, sociology of science and anthropology.Based largely on contributions to the first Aarhus-Paris conference held at the University of Aarhus in June 2012, the book addresses such questions as: If the reference of concepts like money is fixed by collective acceptance, does it depend on mechanisms that are distinct from those which contribute to understanding the reference of concepts of other kinds of entity What psychological and neural mechanisms, if any, are involved in the constitution, persistence and recognition of social factsThe editors' introduction considers strands of research that have gained increasing importance in explaining the cognitive foundations of acts of sociality, for example, the theory that humans are predisposed and motivated to engage in joint action with con-specifics thanks to mechanisms that enable them to share others' mental states. The book also presents a commentary written by John Searle for this volume and an interview in which the editors invite Searle to respond to the various questions raised in the introduction and by the other contributors.
    Abstract: Intro -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Objects in Mind -- 1.1 Part I: Perspectives on Social Ontology -- 1.1.1 Intentionalism, Functions, and Human Kinds -- 1.2 Part II: Perspectives on Social Cognition -- References -- Part I: Perspectives on Social Ontology -- Chapter 2: Are There Social Objects? -- 2.1 Status Functions and Institutional Facts -- 2.2 The Priority of Facts over Objects -- 2.3 A Conversation with John Searle: By Mattia Gallotti and John Michael -- Chapter 3: Deflating Socially Constructed Objects: What Thoughts Do to the World -- 3.1 Some Preliminaries: Social Causes and Social Definitions -- 3.2 Artifacts as "Socially Constituted" -- 3.3 Conventions -- 3.4 How Moves in Conventional Games Are "Socially Constituted" -- 3.5 Conventions That Solve Coordination Problems -- 3.6 Simple Illocutionary Acts -- 3.7 Regulated Conventions: Performatives and Declarations -- References -- Chapter 4: How Many Kinds of Glue Hold the Social World Together? -- 4.1 What Is Anchoring? Dividing Social Ontology into Two Fields -- 4.1.1 Descriptive Semantics Versus Foundational Semantics -- 4.1.2 Foundational Schemas and Anchoring Schemas -- 4.2 Multiple Anchoring Schemas -- 4.3 How Can These Glues Be Sticky Enough? -- References -- Chapter 5: On the Nature of Social Kinds -- 5.1 Kinds -- 5.2 The Formula -- 5.3 Necessity -- 5.4 Coordination -- 5.5 Sufficiency -- 5.6 A Farewell to the Difference Thesis -- References -- Chapter 6: Normativity of the Background: A Contextualist Account of Social Facts -- 6.1 The Role of the Background in The Construction of Social Reality -- 6.2 The Background and the Skeptical Paradox -- 6.3 The Role of the Background in Making the Social World -- 6.4 Rules and Norms -- 6.5 The Case of Freestanding Y Terms -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9780191742538
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online Ressource (xviii, 1322 Seiten)
    Series Statement: International perspectives in philosophy and psychiatry
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Oxford handbook of philosophy and psychiatry
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 616.89001
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    Keywords: Psychiatry Philosophy ; Psychiatry Philosophy ; Psychiatry ; Philosophy ; Psychiatry ; Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Philosophie ; Psychiatrie
    Abstract: Philosophy has much to offer psychiatry, not least regarding ethical issues, but also issues regarding the mind, identity values, and volition. The 'Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Psychiatry' offers a comprehensive reference resource for this area, suitable for both students and researchers in this field.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789400760134
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 151 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 45
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Computer simulation ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Computer simulation ; Consciousness
    Abstract: As is well known, cognition is not only a self-organising process. It is also a co-operative and coupled process. If we consider the external environment as a complex, multiple and stratified Source which interacts with the nervous system, we can easily realise that the cognitive activities devoted to the "intelligent" search for the depth information living in the Source, may determine the very change of the complexity conditions according to which the Source progressively expresses its "wild" action. In this sense, simulation models are not neutral or purely speculative: the true cognition actually appears to be necessarily connected with successful forms of reading, those forms, in particular, that permit a specific coherent unfolding of the deep information content of the Source. Therefore, the simulation models, if valid, materialise as "creative" channels, i.e., as autonomous functional systems, as the very roots of a new possible development of the entire system represented by mind and its Reality
    Abstract: As is well known, cognition is not only a self-organising process. It is also a co-operative and coupled process. If we consider the external environment as a complex, multiple and stratified Source which interacts with the nervous system, we can easily realise that the cognitive activities devoted to the "intelligent" search for the depth information living in the Source, may determine the very change of the complexity conditions according to which the Source progressively expresses its "wild" action. In this sense, simulation models are not neutral or purely speculative: the true cognition actually appears to be necessarily connected with successful forms of reading, those forms, in particular, that permit a specific coherent unfolding of the deep information content of the Source. Therefore, the simulation models, if valid, materialise as "creative" channels, i.e., as autonomous functional systems, as the very roots of a new possible development of the entire system represented by mind and its Reality
    Description / Table of Contents: Epistemic Complexity and Knowledge Construction; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: Complexity, Self-Organization and Natural Evolution; 1.1 Entropy and the "Intermediate State"; 1.2 Algorithmic Complexity and Self-Referentiality; 1.3 Cellular Automata and Self-Organization; Notes; Chapter 2: Embodiment Processes and Biological Computing; 2.1 The Game of Life and the Alternative Splicing; 2.2 The Interface Between Ruler and Coder; 2.3 The Recipe at Work: The Role of the Simulation Tools at the Evolutionary Level; 2.4 Reflexive Domains vs. Self-Organizing Domains; Notes
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 3: Randomness, Semantic Information and Limitation Procedures3.1 Logic and Probability: The Role of Constituents; 3.2 Semantic Information and Algorithmic Complexity; 3.3 Surface Information vs. Depth Information: The Biological Computer; 3.4 Non-standard Models and Limitation Procedures; Notes; Chapter 4: Natural Language and Boolean Semantics: the Genesis of the Cognitive Code; 4.1 Intensional Language and Natural Logic; 4.2 Logic and Ontology; 4.3 Meaning as Use and the Unfolding of Cognitive Activity; Notes; Chapter 5: Morphogenesis and the Emergence of Meaning
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.1 Eigenforms, Categorial Intuitions and Rational Perception5.2 Meaning Clarification and the "Thinking I"; 5.3 Knowledge and Reality: The Role of Conceptual Constructions; Notes; Bibliography; Name Index; Subject Index
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789400762411
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 207 p. 1 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 29
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Contemporary perspectives on early modern philosophy
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, Modern ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Philosophie ; Natur ; Wahrnehmung ; Norm ; Geschichte 1600-1800
    Abstract: Normativity has long been conceived as more properly pertaining to the domain of thought than to the domain of nature. This conception goes back to Kant and still figures prominently in contemporary epistemology, philosophy of mind and ethics. By offering a collection of new essays by leading scholars in early modern philosophy and specialists in contemporary philosophy, this volume goes beyond the point where nature and normativity came apart, and challenges the well-established opposition between these all too neatly separated realms. It examines how the mind’s embeddedness in nature can be conceived as a starting point for uncovering the links between naturally and conventionally determined standards governing an agent’s epistemic and moral engagement with the world. The original essays are grouped in two parts. The first part focuses on specific aspects of theories of perception, thought formation and judgment. It gestures towards an account of normativity that regards linguistic conventions and natural constraints as jointly setting the scene for the mind’s ability to conceptualise its experiences. The second part of the book asks what the norms of desirable epistemic and moral practices are. Key to this approach is an examination of human beings as parts of nature, who act as natural causes and are determined by their sensibilities and sentiments. Each part concludes with a chapter that integrates features of the historical debate into the contemporary context
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Nature and Norms in Thought; 1.1 Part I Nature's Influence on the Mind; 1.2 Part II Shaping the Norms of Our Intellectual and Practical Engagement with the World; References; Part I: Nature's Influence on the Mind; Chapter 2: Intentionality Bifurcated: A Lesson from Early Modern Philosophy?; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Descartes; 2.2.1 Propositional Ofness; Proposition principle; 2.2.2 Why Propositional Ofness Is Not Enough; Third Meditation scenario; 2.2.3 Representational Ofness; Reflective improvement of ideas; 2.3 Locke; 2.3.1 Propositional Ofness
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.3.2 Why Propositional Ofness Is Not Enough2.3.3 Representational Ofness; Conformity by correlation; Representation ofness and adequacy; Projectibility and explanatory constitutions; 2.4 Cartesian and Lockean Rationalism; Lockean rationalism; Cartesian rationalism; 2.5 A Lesson for Current Debates?; References; Chapter 3: Ideas as Thick Beliefs: Spinoza on the Normativity of Ideas; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Four Basic Tenets; 3.3 Two Kinds of Normativity; 3.4 No Content Without Attitude; 3.5 Content Determination Through Conative Attitudes; 3.6 Conscious Ideas as Thick Beliefs; 3.7 Conclusion
    Description / Table of Contents: ReferencesChapter 4: Three Problems in Locke's Ontology of Substance and Mode; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Contrast Between Substances and Modes; 4.3 The First Problem; 4.4 The Second Problem; 4.5 The Third Problem; 4.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: Kant on Imagination and the Natural Sources of the Conceptual; 5.1 The Faculty of Presentation; 5.2 Image-Models; 5.3 Synthesis; 5.4 A 'Threefold Synthesis'; 5.5 The Synopsis of Sense; 5.6 Synthesis a Priori and the Concept of Guidance; References; Chapter 6: Naturalized Epistemology and the Genealogy of Knowledge; 6.1 Introduction
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.2 Kornblith's Criticism of Craig6.3 Is Knowledge a Natural Kind?; 6.4 Craig's Genealogy of Knowledge; 6.5 Genealogy and Naturalized Epistemology; 6.6 Conclusion; References; Part II: Shaping the Norms of Our Intellectual and Practical Engagement with the World; Chapter 7: Sensibility and Metaphysics: Diderot, Hume, Baumgarten, and Herder; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Diderot; 7.3 Hume; 7.4 Baumgarten; 7.5 Sensibility; 7.6 Herder; References; Chapter 8: Back to the Facts - Herder on the Normative Role of Sensibility and Imagination; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Concept Formation; 8.3 Herder's Holism
    Description / Table of Contents: 8.4 Imagining as a Form of Discovery8.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 9: Extending Nature: Rousseau on the Cultivation of Moral Sensibility; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Unnatural Distortions; 9.3 Society's Education; 9.4 Cultivating Moral Sensibility; References; Chapter 10: The Piacular, or on Seeing Oneself as a Moral Cause in Adam Smith; 10.1 Introduction and Theses; 10.2 Sympathy and Knowledge of Causal Relations 5; 10.3 Causation and Rationality; 10.4 We (Ought to) See Ourselves as Causes!; 10.5 Norms of Appeasement; 10.6 The Language of Superstition; 10.7 Conclusion; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 11: Explaining and Describing: Panpsychism and Deep Ecology
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789400751927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 226 p. 6 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 105
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Leibniz: logico-philosophical puzzles in the law
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of law ; Law ; Law ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of law ; Quelle ; Kommentar ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 Specimen certitudinis seu demonstrationum in iure exhibitum in doctrina conditionum ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Logik ; Rechtsfall
    Abstract: This volume presents two Leibnizian writings, the Specimen of Philosophical Questions Collected from the Law and the Dissertation on Perplexing Cases. These works, originally published in 1664 and 1666, constitute, respectively, Leibniz’s thesis for the title of Master of Philosophy and his doctoral dissertation in law. Besides providing evidence of the earliest development of Leibniz’s thought and amazing anticipations of his mature views, they present a genuine intellectual interest, for the freshness and originality of Leibniz’s reflections on a striking variety of logico-philosophical puzzles drawn from the law. The Specimen addresses puzzling issues resulting from apparent conflicts between law and philosophy (the latter broadly understood as comprising also mathematics, as well as empirical sciences). The Dissertation addresses cases whose solution is puzzling because of the convoluted logical form of legal dispositions and contractual clauses, or because of conflicting priorities between concurring parties. In each case, Leibniz dissects the problems with the greatest ingenuity, disentangling their different aspects, and proposing solutions always reasonable and sometimes surprising. And he does not refrain from peppering his intellectual acrobatics with some humorous comments. bbbbbb
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press
    ISBN: 9780748675449 , 9780748675456 , 9780748630387 , 9781299105867
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 181 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Webb, David Foucault's archaeology
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    Keywords: Foucault, Michel 1926-1984 ; Knowledge, Theory of ; Knowledge, Sociology of ; Power (Social sciences) ; Discourse analysis ; Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984 ; Archaeology of knowledge ; Knowledge, Theory of ; Knowledge, Sociology of ; Power (Social sciences) ; Discourse analysis ; Foucault, Michel 1926-1984 L' archéologie du savoir
    Abstract: The unities of discourse -- Discursive formations -- The formation of objects -- The formation of enunciative modalities -- The formation of concepts -- The formation of strategies -- Remarks and consequences -- Defining the statement -- The enunciative funcion -- The description of statements -- Rarity, exteriority, accumulation -- The historical a priori and the archive -- Archaeology and the history of ideas -- The original and the regular -- Contradictions -- The comparative facts -- Change and transformations -- Science and knowledge
    Abstract: This book provides a new perspective on Foucault’s The Archaeology of Knowledge by revealing the extent to which its approach to language was influenced by the mathematical sciences. Setting out this background to Foucault’s analysis makes The Archaeology of Knowledge both accessible in a new way, and relevant to issues that are at the heart of much contemporary debate over the nature of critical thought and the relation between philosophy and the sciences. This book sheds new light on a crucial period of Foucault’s work by highlighting his relation to thinkers such as Cavaillès and Serres. It aims to provide a reading of The Archaeology of Knowledge that puts it at the heart Foucault’s thought. Rather than attempting a scientific study of language as such, Foucault is shown to have adopted a mode of thought indebted to thinkers in the scientific and epistemological tradition.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400721876 , 1283633663 , 9781283633666
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 289 p. 10 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library 71
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Hume, David 1711-1776 A treatise of human nature ; Objekt
    Abstract: This book provides the first comprehensive account of Humes conception of objects in Book I of A Treatise of Human Nature. What, according to Hume, are objects? Ideas? Impressions? Mind-independent objects? All three? None of the above? Through a close textual analysis, Rocknak shows that Hume thought that objects are imagined ideas. But, she argues, he struggled with two accounts of how and when we imagine such ideas. On the one hand, Hume believed that we always and universally imagine that objects are the causes of our perceptions. On the other hand, he thought that we only imagine such causes when we reach a "philosophical level of thought. This tension manifests itself in Humes account of personal identity; a tension that, Rocknak argues, Hume acknowledges in the Appendix to the Treatise. As a result of Rocknaks detailed account of Humes conception of objects, we are forced to accommodate new interpretations of, at least, Humes notions of belief, personal identity, justification and causality.
    Description / Table of Contents: Imagined Causes: Hume's Conception of Objects; Contents; General Introduction; General Overview; Structure of This Book; Part I: Laying the Groundwork; Introduction to Part I; Chapter 1: Four Distinctions; 1 Introduction; 2 Distinction #1: Impressions v. Ideas; 2.1 A Note on Hume's Psychological Method; 3 Distinction #2: Impressions of Sensation v. Impressions of Reflection; 4 The Scope of the Memory and Imagination; 5 Distinction #3: Simple Perceptions v. Complex Perceptions; 5.1 General Overview; 5.2 The Origin of Simple Ideas; 5.3 The Separability of Simple Ideas
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.4 The Origin of Complex Ideas6 Distinction #4: The Principle of Imagination v. the Principle of Memory; 7 Representation 25; 7.1 The Precision Argument: Beattie; 7.2 Response to Beattie; 7.3 The Relational Argument: Falkenstein; 7.4 A Response to Falkenstein; 7.5 The Qualitative Argument: Garrett; 7.6 Response to Garrett; 7.7 Textual Evidence that Directly Opposes the Replication Theory; 8 Summary; 8.1 Principles; Chapter 2: Elementary Belief, Causally-Produced Belief and the Natural Relation of Causality; 1 Introduction; 2 Elementary Belief: The Positive Account of Induction, Part I
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.1 Of the Component Parts of Our Reasonings Concerning Cause and Effect: An Analysis of 1.3.42.2 Of the Impressions of the Senses and Memory: An Analysis of 1.3.5; 2.3 Of the Inference from the Impression to the Idea: An Analysis of 1.3.6; 2.3.1 Experience; 3 Causally-Produced Belief: The Positive Account of Induction, Part II; 4 Necessity: The Negative Account of Induction; 4.1 Why Reason Does Not Provide the Idea of Causal Necessity; 4.2 The Role of the Imagination; 4.3 The Role of Resemblance; A Partial Analysis of 1.3.14
    Description / Table of Contents: 5 The Natural Relation of Causality v. The Philosophical Relation of Causality: A Closer Look6 Humean Reason: An Overview; 6.1 Reasoning as a Comparison: Demonstrative v. Probable; 7 Summary; Chapter 3: The Two Systems of Reality; 1 Introduction; 2 The Two Systems; 3 Elementary Beliefs and Causally-Produced Beliefs: How Do They Operate in Hume's Two Systems of Reality?; 4 General Rules; 5 Resemblance and Contiguity; 6 Justification: What We Know So Far; 7 Summary; Summary of Part I; Part II: Perfect Identity and the Transcendental Imagination; Introduction to Part II
    Description / Table of Contents: A Brief Review of the ScholarshipPrice; Kemp Smith; Wilbanks; Waxman; Summary; Transcendentalism and Naturalism: A Happy Marriage?; Structural Overview of Part II; Chapter 4: Proto-Objects; 1 Introduction; 2 A Brief Review of the Different Meanings of a Humean Object; 3 Six Instances Where 'Object' Means Simple Idea; 4 Proto-Objects Do Not Admit of a Perfect Identity; 4.1 A Preliminary Glance at "Perfect Identity"; 4.2 Proto Objects and Continuity and Distinctness; 4.2.1 Why the Senses Are Not Responsible for Our Belief in the Continued and Distinct Existence of Objects
    Description / Table of Contents: 5 Continuity and Distinctness v. Uninterruptedness and Invariability
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400750319 , 1283640864 , 9781283640862
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 318 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in German Idealism 14
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Studies in German idealism
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Poma, Andrea The impossibility and necessity of theodicy
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    Keywords: Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm: Essais de théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm *1646-1716* ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Philosophy ; Theodizee ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 Essais de théodicée sur la bonté de dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 ; Theodizee ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 Essais de théodicée sur la bonté de dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 ; Theodizee
    Abstract: This book provides an analytical interpretation of Leibniz's 'Essais de Théodicée' with wide-ranging references to all his works. It shows and upholds many thesis: Leibniz's rational conception of faith, his rational notion of mystery, the reformation of classical ontology, and the importance of Leibniz's thought in the tradition of the critical idealism. In his endeavor to formulate a theodicy, Leibniz emerges as a classic exponent of a non-immanentist modern rationalism, capable of engaging in a close dialogue with religion and faith. This relation implies that God and reason are directly involved in posing the challenge and that the defence of one is the defence of the other. Theodicy and logodicy are two key aspects of a philosophy which is open to faith and of a faith which is able to intervene in culture and history.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Impossibility and Necessity of Theodicy; Contents; Abbreviations and Symbols; Part I: The Impossibility and Necessity of Theodicy. The "Essais" of Leibniz; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1 Theodicy; 2 Philosophical Theodicy; 3 The Theodicy of Leibniz; Chapter 2: True Piety; 1 Truth and Appearance; 2 The Fundamental Truths of Faith; 3 Light and Virtue; 4 The Love of God; 5 Fatum Christianum; Chapter 3: Faith and Reason; 1 The General Terms of the Controversy; 2 Reason; 3 Truth Over and Against Reason: Mystery; 4 Faith and Apologetics: Comprehending and Upholding
    Description / Table of Contents: 5 The Antagonist of the Theodicy: ScepticismChapter 4: Apologetic Arguments in the Theodicy; 1 The Brief; 2 The Legal Arguments; 2.1 The Presumed Innocence of God; 2.2 That the Onus of Proof Lies with the Prosecution; 2.3 It Is Not Legitimate to Do Wrong in Order to Obtain that Which Is Right; 3 The Apologetic Arguments; 4 The Antagonist of the Theodicy: Gnosis; Chapter 5: Predetermination and Free Will; 1 Absolute Necessity vs. Hypothetical and Moral Necessity; 2 Contingency; 3 The Will; 4 Freedom; Chapter 6: Evil and the Best of All Possible Worlds; 1 The Principle of "the Best"
    Description / Table of Contents: 2 The Best of All Possible Worlds3 Evil; 4 Evil in the Best of All Possible Worlds; Chapter 7: God and the Reason Principle; 1 Divine Attributes: Faculties and Values; 2 The Central Role of Wisdom; 3 The Existence of God; 4 The Necessary Being and the Supremely Perfect Being; 5 God and the Reason Principle; Chapter 8: Conclusion; 1 The Theodicy of Leibniz; 2 Philosophical Theodicy; 3 Theodicy; Part II: Appendices; Chapter 9: Appendix One: The Metaphor of the "Two Labyrinths" and Its Implications in Leibniz's Thought; 1 The Metaphor and Its Meaning; 2 Geometric and Mechanical Curves
    Description / Table of Contents: 3 Natural and Artificial Machines4 Necessity and Contingency; 5 Hypothetical and Moral Necessity; 6 The Calculus of Variations; 7 The Best of All Possible Worlds; 8 Conclusion; Chapter 10: Appendix Two: The Reasons of Reason According to Leibniz; Chapter 11: Appendix Three: From Ontology to Ethics: Leibniz vs. Eckhard; Chapter 12: Appendix Four: Moral Necessity in Leibniz; 1 Possibility and Necessity: Non-existent Possibles; 2 Certain Determination; 3 Moral Necessity; Name Index;
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400743458
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 338 p. 9 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 282
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. The mechanization of natural philosophy
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Science ; Philosophy ; History ; 16th century ; Science ; Philosophy ; History ; 17th century ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Naturphilosophie ; Mechanismus ; Ideengeschichte 1550-1720
    Abstract: The Mechanisation of Natural Philosophy is devoted to various aspects of the transformation of natural philosophy during the 16th and 17th centuries that is usually described as mechanical philosophy .Drawing the border between the old Aristotelianism and the « new » mechanical philosophy faces historians with a delicate task, if not an impossible mission. There were many natural philosophers who actually crossed the border between the two worlds, and, inside each of these worlds, there was a vast spectrum of doctrines, arguments and intellectual practices. The expression mechanical philosophy is burdened with ambiguities. It may refer to at least three different enterprises: a description of nature in mathematical terms; the comparison of natural phenomena to existing or imaginary machines; the use in natural philosophy of mechanical analogies, i.e. analogies conceived in terms of matter and motion alone.However mechanical philosophy is defined, its ambition was greater than its real successes. There were few mathematisations of phenomena. The machines of mechanical philosophers were not only imaginary, but had little to do with the machines of mecanicians. In most of the natural sciences, analogies in terms of matter and motion alone failed to provide satisfactory accounts of phenomena.By the same authors: Mechanics and Natural Philosophy before the Scientific Revolution (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 254).
    Description / Table of Contents: The Mechanization of Natural Philosophy; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Introduction; Part I: The Construction of Historical Categories; Chapter 1: Remarks on the Pre-history of the Mechanical Philosophy; 1.1 What Was the Mechanical Philosophy?; 1.2 The Mechanical Philosophy Before Boyle; 1.3 Bacon; 1.4 Galileo; 1.5 Mersenne; 1.6 Descartes/Gassendi/Hobbes: Mechanical Philosophers?; 1.7 Novatores, Latitudinarians, and the Construction of the Mechanical Philosophy; 1.8 A Broader Conception of Mechanism?; Chapter 2: How Bacon Became Baconian
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.1 The Meaning of Mechanical Operation in Bacon's Oeuvre2.2 Mechanical and Vital Readings of Bacon's Natural Philosophy in Seventeenth-Century England; 2.3 Conclusion; Chapter 3: An Empire Divided: French Natural Philosophy (1670-1690); 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 A Debate on Natural Philosophy; 3.3 On the Side of the New Philosophers; 3.3.1 The Methodology of Ontology: Beings Should Not Be Multiplied Without Necessity; 3.3.2 The Way of Physics: Physics Should Explain Phenomena, Namely, Give Efficient Causes; 3.3.3 Ontological Categories: The Bipartition Between Body and Soul Should Be Respected
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.3.4 The Social Twist3.4 On the Side of the Old Philosophers; 3.4.1 The Methodology of Ontology: The Multiplication of Corpuscles and the Missing Metaphysical Supplement; 3.4.2 The Way of Physics: One Should Not Indulge in Hypotheses, Ignore Experiments and Use Empty Words; 3.4.3 The Ontological Categories and the Controversy Over Animal Souls; 3.4.4 Another Social Twist; 3.5 Conclusions; Part II: Matter, Motion, Physics and Mathematics; Chapter 4: Matter and Form in Sixteenth-Century Spain: Some Case Studies; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Corpuscular Theories of the Physician d'Olesa
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2.1 Elements, Minima and Qualities4.2.2 The Problem of Mixture; 4.2.3 A Corpuscular Theory of Light and Vision; 4.3 The Absence of a Tradition; 4.3.1 The Hypothesis of Menéndez Pelayo; 4.3.2 The Salamacan Physician Gomez Pereira; 4.3.3 The Salamacan Physician Francisco Valles; 4.4 Conclusion; Chapter 5: The Composition of Space, Time and Matter According to Isaac Newton and John Keill; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Isomorphism of Space, Time and Matter in Early Modern Natural Philosophy; 5.3 The Evolution of Newton's Views on the Composition of Space, Time and Matter
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.4 The Isomorphism of Space, Time and Matter According to John Keill5.5 Conclusion; Chapter 6: Beeckman, Descartes and Physico-Mathematics; 6.1 Beeckman; 6.1.1 Persistence of Motion; 6.1.2 Persistence of the Form of a Motion; 6.1.3 Conservation in the Exchange of Motion; 6.1.4 Isoperimetric Figures; 6.2 Descartes; 6.2.1 Persistence of Motion; 6.2.2 Communication of Motion; 6.2.3 Persistence and Direction; 6.3 Physico-Mathematics; Chapter 7: Between Mathematics and Experimental Philosophy: Hydrostatics in Scotland About 1700; 7.1 Between Mathematics and Experimental Philosophy
    Description / Table of Contents: 7.2 The Mathematical Hydrostatics of Wallis, Gregorie, and Newton
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199971398
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XX, 514 Seiten)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource Oxford handbooks online. Religion
    Edition: Oxford handbooks
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The Oxford handbook of Jewish ethics and morality
    DDC: 296.36
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    Keywords: Jewish ethics ; Jewish ethics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Judentum ; Ethik
    Abstract: This text offers a collection of original essays by leading scholars from around the world. The first section of the volume describes the history of the Jewish tradition's moral thought from the Bible to contemporary Jewish approaches. The second part includes chapters on specific fields in ethics, including the ethics of medicine, business, sex, speech, politics, war and the environment.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780191750489
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XX, 610 Seiten)
    Edition: 1. ed.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource Oxford handbooks online. Religion
    Edition: Oxford handbooks
    Series Statement: Oxford handbooks
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The Oxford handbook of Kierkegaard
    DDC: 198.9
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    Keywords: Kierkegaard, S²ren ; Kierkegaard, S²ren ; Kierkegaard, S²ren ; 1813-1855 ; Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kierkegaard, Søren 1813-1855
    Abstract: 'The Oxford Handbook of Kierkegaard' brings together an outstanding selection of contemporary specialists and uniquely combines work on the background and context of Kierkegaard's writings, exposition of his key ideas, and a survey of his influence and heritage.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780191749766
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 670 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Oxford handbook of British philosophy in the eighteenth century
    DDC: 001.09
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    Keywords: Philosophy, British 18th century ; Philosophy, British ; 18th century ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Großbritannien ; Philosophie ; Geschichte 1700-1800
    Abstract: Philosophy in eighteenth-century Britain was diverse, vibrant, and sophisticated. This was the age of Hume and Berkeley and Reid, of Hutcheson and Kames and Smith, of Ferguson and Burke and Wollstonecraft. Important and influential works were published in every area of philosophy, from the theory of vision to theories of political resistance, from the philosophy of language to accounts of ways of governing the passions. The philosophers of eighteenth-century Britain were enormously influential, in France, in Italy, in Germany, and in America. Their ideas and arguments remain a powerful presence in philosophy three centuries later. This book is the first book ever to provide comprehensive coverage of the full range of philosophical writing in Britain in the eighteenth century. It provides accounts of the writings of all the major figures, but also puts those figures in the context provided by a host of writers less well known today
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789400744646
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 156 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 29
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Frápolli, María José, 1960 - The nature of truth
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Pragmatism ; Semantics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Pragmatism ; Semantics ; Truth ; Wahrheit ; Wahrheit
    Abstract: The book offers a characterization of the meaning and role of the notion of truth in natural languages and an explanation of why, in spite of the big amount of proposals about truth, this task has proved to be resistant to the different analyses. The general thesis of the book is that defining truth is perfectly possible and that the average educated philosopher of language has the tools to do it. The book offers an updated treatment of the meaning of truth ascriptions from taking into account the latest views in philosophy of language and linguistics.
    Abstract: The wealth of proposals about truth and its meaning in natural languages everywhere should open it to analysis and definition, but this book makes the startlingly rare assertion that we can define truth using the latest methods in linguistics and philosophy
    Description / Table of Contents: The Nature of Truth; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: Some Preliminary Issues; 1.1 The General Purpose; 1.2 Some Features of the Proposal; 1.3 Required Philosophical Assumptions; 1.4 The Content of a Theory of Truth; 1.5 The Pragmatist Ingredient; 1.6 The Structure of the Book; Chapter 2: Syntax: Playing with Building Blocks; 2.1 Does Syntax Matter?; 2.2 The Truth Predicate; 2.3 The Truth Operator; 2.4 Truth and Identity; 2.5 Adverbs, Adjectives and Nouns; Chapter 3: The Meaning and Content of Truth Ascriptions; 3.1 The Distinction; 3.2 Kinds of Proforms; 3.3 Truth-Ascriptions
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.4 A Classification of Truth-Ascriptions3.5 Special Semantic Tasks; Chapter 4: What Do We Do with Truth Ascriptions?; 4.1 Pragmatics and Semantics; 4.2 Assertions; 4.3 Expressivism; 4.4 Particular Pragmatic Functions; Chapter 5: The Liar Paradox (And Other Logico-Semantic Issues); 5.1 Is There a Liar Paradox?; 5.2 Truth Bearers; 5.3 Logical Form; 5.4 The Paradox; Chapter 6: What Do You Mean by "Redundancy"?; 6.1 R amsey's View; 6.2 Redundancy, of What?; 6.3 Syntactic Redundancy; 6.4 Semantic Redundancy; 6.5 Pragmatic Redundancy; Chapter 7: Obvious Answers for Ready-Made Objections
    Description / Table of Contents: 7.1 Standard Objections7.2 The Epistemic Objections; 7.2.1 Definitions vs. Criteria; 7.2.2 The Causal Effect of Truth; 7.3 The Logical Objection; 7.4 The Semantic Objection; 7.5 Mathematical Truth and Other Metaphors; References; Index;
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789400749511
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 259 p. 1 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 32
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: This book is a radical reappraisal of the importance of Aristotelianism in Britain. Using a full range of manuscripts as well as printed sources, it provides an entirely new interpretation of the impact of the early-modern Aristotelian tradition upon the rise of British Empiricism, and reexamines the fundamental shift from a humanist logic to epistemology and facultative logic. The task is to reconstruct the philosophical background and framework in which the thought of philosophers such Locke, Berkeley and Hume originated: some aspects of their empiricism can be explained only in reference to the academic Aristotelian tradition, even if these authors established themselves as anti-scholastic, anti-Aristotelian philosophers outside the official institutions.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction -- 2 Logic in the British Isles during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries -- 3 Logic in the Universities of the British Isles -- 4 Zabarella’s Empiricism 5 Early Aristotelianism between Humanism and Ramism -- the British School 7 Continental Aristotelians in the British Isles -- 8 The Empiricism of the Seventeenth-Century Aristotelianism -- 9. The Reformers of Aristotelian Logic -- 10 Late Seventeenth-Century Aristotelianism -- 11 Conclusion -- Bibliography.-Index ​.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400752139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 496 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 66
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Husserl's Ideen
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Husserl, Edmund, 1859-1938 ; Ideen ; Husserl, Edmund, 1859-1938 ; Influence ; Phenomenology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie ; Rezeption ; Ideengeschichte
    Abstract: This collection of more than two dozen essays by philosophy scholars of international repute traces the profound impact exerted by Husserl’s Meisterwerk, known in its shortened title as Ideen, whose first book was released in 1913. Published to coincide with the centenary of its original appearance, and fifty years after the second book went to print in 1952, the contributors offer a comprehensive array of perspectives on the ways in which Husserl’s concept of phenomenology influenced leading figures and movements of the last century, including, among others, Ortega y Gassett, Edith Stein, Martin Heidegger, Aron Gurwitsch, Ludwig Landgrebe, Dorion Cairns, Simone de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jacques Derrida and Giles Deleuze. In addition to its documentation and analysis of the historical reception of these works, this volume also illustrates the ongoing relevance of the Ideen, offering scholarly discussion of the issues raised by his ideas as well as by the figures who took part in critical phenomenological dialogue with them. Among the topics discussed are autism, empathy, the nature of the emotions, the method and practice of phenomenology, the foundations of ethics, naturalism, intentionality, and human rights, to name but a few. Taken together, these specially commissioned original essays offer an unrivaled overview of the reception of Husserl‘s Ideen, and the expanding phenomenological enterprise it initiated. They show that the critical discussion of issues by phenomenologists continues to be relevant for the 21st century.
    Description / Table of Contents: Husserl's Ideen; Preface; Contents; Introduction; The Project and First Effect of the Ideen; The Freiburg School and Beyond; The Organization of This Volume; Part I Initial and Continued Reception; Chapter 1: José Ortega y Gasset and Human Rights; The Influence of Husserl; A Non-idealistic Phenomenology; Introduction; Liberals and Communitarians with an Epilogue on Human Rights and Feminism; Reconstructing Plurality: The First Movement of Historical Reason; The Function of European Culture: The Second Movement of Historical Reason; Epilogue: Historical Reason and Full Human Rights for Women
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 2: Reading and Rereading the Ideen in JapanA Century of Japanese Readings; Introduction; Translating Husserl; The Early Phenomenologists; Phenomenology in Postwar Japan; Responding to the Ideen Today; Chapter 3: Edith Stein and Autism; Influence on Stein; An Application to Understanding Autism; The Husserl/Stein Theory of Intersubjectivity Applied to ASDs; Conclusions; Chapter 4: Ludwig Ferdinand Clauss and Racialization; Clauss and Husserl's Ideen I; Phenomenology's Rejection of the Biologization of Race; The Question of Race in Clauss
    Description / Table of Contents: The Phenomenological Concept of Race After ClaussToward a Phenomenology of Racialization; Implications for the Fight Against Racism; Chapter 5: The Ideen and Neo-Kantianism; Introduction; Eidetics, Intuition, and Conceptual Knowledge; Difficulties with an Eidetic Science of Consciousness; Conclusion: Phenomenology's Foundational Claim; Chapter 6: The Distinctive Structure of the Emotions; Introduction; Emotions as Non-objectivating and Founded Acts; A Phenomemological Case of the Emotions: Trust; Critical Assessment; Concluding Remarks; Chapter 7: From the Natural Attitude to the Life-World
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 8: Husserl on the Human Sciences in Ideen IIIntroduction; Concluding Remarks; Part II: After World War I; Chapter 9: The Spanish-Speaking World and José Vasconcelos; Ideen I in Spain and Hispano-America; On José Vasconcelos's Inverted Epochē and the Limits of Language; Chapter 10: Ideen I in Italy and Enzo Paci and the Milan School; A Historical Introduction; Paci's Interpretation of the Epochē; Chapter 11: Martin Heidegger and Grounding of Ethics; The Impact of the " Ideen " on Heidegger; Husserl and Heidegger on the Ultimate Grounds for Action; The Fundamental Difference
    Description / Table of Contents: Heidegger on the Groundless GroundHusserl on the Ultimate Grounds of Ethics; The Question Itself: Grounding Ultimate Grounds?; Chapter 12: Aron Gurwitsch and the Transcendence of the Physical; The Impact of Ideen I; The Transcendence of Physical Things; Introduction; Husserl in the Ideen; Merleau-Ponty; Going Further; Chapter 13: Ludwig Landgrebe and the Significance of Marginal Consciousness; Landgrebe with Husserl; The Significance of Marginal Consciousness; The "Organization" of Marginal Contents; Self-Awareness as Marginal
    Description / Table of Contents: The Streaming Character of Consciousness Constituted in the Margins
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- INITIAL AND CONTINUED RECEPTION -- 1. José Ortega y Gasset and Human Rights, J.M. Díaz Álvarez -- Reading and Rereading Ideen in Japan, T. Tani.-  Edith Stein and Autism, K.M. Haney.-  Ludwig Ferdinand Clauss and Racialization, R. Bernasconi -- The Ideen and Neo-Kantianism, A. Staiti.-  The Distinctive Structure of the Emotions, A.J. Steinbock -- From Natural Attitude to Life-World, D. Moran -- Husserl on the Human Sciences in Ideen II, T.M. Seebohm -- AFTER WORLD WAR I -- The Spanish Speaking World and José Vasconcelos, A. Zirión -- The Ideen and Italy, R.Sacconghi -- Martin Heidegger and the Grounding of Action, T.J. Nenon -- Aron Gurwitsch and the Transcendence of the Physical, W. McKenna -- Ludwig Landgrebe and Marginal Consciousness, D. Marcelle -- Dorion Cairns, Empirical Types, and Field of Consciousness, L. Embree -- Ideen I and Eugen Fink, R. Bruzina -- Emmanuel Levinas and a Soliloquy of Light and Reason, N. de Warren -- Jan Patočka and Built Space, J. Dodd -- The Ideen in the Portuguese Speaking World, P.M.S. Alves -- Alfred Schutz and the Problem of Empathy, M. Barber -- Jean-Paul Sartre and Phenomenological Ontology, M. C. Eshleman -- Simone de Beauvoir and Life, U. Björk -- Merleau-Ponty and Lifeworldly Naturalism, T. Toadvine -- AFTER WORLD WAR II -- Paul Ricoeur and the Praxis of Phenomenology, N. Depraz -- Post-War German Reception of Ideen I and Reflection, S. Geniusas -- Ideen I Confronting its Critics, R.R.P. Lerner -- Jacques Derrida and the Future, V.W. Cisney -- Gilles Deleuze, and Hearing-Oneself-Speak, L. Lawlor -- Thoughts on the Translation of Husserl‘s Ideen, Erstes Buch, F. Kersten -- Notes on Contributors. ​.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789400756564 , 1283936232 , 9781283936231
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 242 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice 22
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    Parallel Title: Druck-Ausgabe The threads of natural law
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Anthropology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Anthropology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Naturrecht ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Geschichte
    Abstract: The notion of “natural law” has repeatedly furnished human beings with a shared grammar in times of moral and cultural crisis. Stoic natural law, for example, emerged precisely when the Ancient World lost the Greek polis, which had been the point of reference for Plato's and Aristotle's political philosophy. In key moments such as this, natural law has enabled moral and legal dialogue between peoples and traditions holding apparently clashing world-views. This volume revisits some of these key moments in intellectual and social history, partly with an eye to extracting valuable lessons for ideological conflicts in the present and perhaps near future. The contributions to this volume discuss both historical and contemporary schools of natural law. Topics on historical schools of natural law include: how Aristotelian theory of rules paved the way for the birth of the idea of "natural law"; the idea's first mature account in Cicero's work; the tension between two rival meanings of “man’s rational nature” in Aquinas’ natural law theory; and the scope of Kant’s allusions to “natural law”. Topics on contemporary natural law schools include: John Finnis's and Germain Grisez's “new natural law theory”; natural law theories in a "broader" sense, such as Adolf Reinach’s legal phenomenology; Ortega y Gasset’s and Scheler’s “ethical perspectivism”; the natural law response to Kelsen’s conflation of democracy and moral relativism; natural law's role in 20th century international law doctrine; Ronald Dworkin’s understanding of law as “a branch of political morality”; and Alasdair Macintyre’s "virtue"-based approach to natural law.​
    Description / Table of Contents: The Threads of Natural Law; Foreword; References; Contents; About the Authors; Chapter 1: Aristotle on Practical Rules, Universality, and the Law; 1.1 Practical and Theoretical Rules in Aristotle; 1.2 Law and Practical Reason; 1.3 Two Philosophical Conceptions on Rules' Universality; 1.4 Sources of Universality of Legal Rules; 1.5 The Rule of Law and the Role of Rules; 1.6 Practical Universality: Rules and the Structure of Legal Prāxis; 1.7 Axiological Universality: Epieikeia and the Practice of Legal Justice; References; Chapter 2: Cosmopolitanism and Natural Law in Cicero
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.1 Marcus Tullius Cicero: The First Legal Philosopher in History2.2 Natural Law as Ratio Summa, Insita in Natura; 2.3 Cosmopolitanism and Natural Law: Towards an Omnium Gentium Consensus; 2.4 Notes on the Influence of Cicero's Philosophy of Law in the History of Philosophy; References; Chapter 3: Natural Law: Autonomous or Heteronomous? The Thomistic Perspective; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 What Is Natural Law? Natural Law and Eternal Law; 3.3 Natural Inclinations and Natural Law; 3.4 Universality of Natural Law; 3.5 Contents of Natural Law and Derivation of the Positive Law
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.6 Natural Law in the Social Doctrine of the ChurchReferences; Chapter 4: The Competing Sources of Aquinas' Natural Law: Aristotle, Roman Law and the Early Christian Fathers; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Historical Background of Pre-Aquinas' Natural Law; 4.3 Aquinas' Intellectualism; 4.4 Aquinas' Natural Law as Natural Inclination; 4.5 Aquinas' Good; 4.6 Aquinas on Free Choice; 4.7 Suárez' Critique; 4.8 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: God and Natural Law: Reflections on Genesis; 5.1 God and the Slaying of the Innocent; 5.1.1 Immanuel Kant; 5.1.2 John Thiel; 5.1.3 Evaluation
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.2 Aquinas and Scotus on the Natural Law: Can the Natural Law Be Changed?5.2.1 Thomas Aquinas; 5.2.2 Duns Scotus; 5.3 Concluding Reflections; References; Chapter 6: Natural Right and Coercion; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Kant on Natural Right; 6.3 Rightful Condition as Regulative Norm in the State of Nature; 6.4 Transition from the State of Nature to a Rightful Condition; 6.4.1 The Postulate of Public Right Proceeds from Private Right; 6.4.2 Reason and Nature at the Basis of Law; 6.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 7: Natural Law and the Phenomenological Given; 7.1 Introduction
    Description / Table of Contents: 7.2 Reinach: A Phenomenological Research of Ontology of Law7.3 A Priori Science of Right and Natural Law Theory; 7.4 The Problems of a Non-normative Apriori Independent of Human Nature; References; Chapter 8: Perspectivism and Natural Law; References; Chapter 9: Natural Law Theory in Spain and Portugal; 9.1 Methodology, Scope and Philosophical Criteria; 9.2 Natural Law in the Spanish and Portuguese Traditions; 9.3 Twentieth Century Representative Scholars and Tendencies; 9.3.1 Neo-Scholastic Natural Law Doctrines; 9.3.2 Innovative Natural Law Trends; 9.4 Natural Law and Human Rights
    Description / Table of Contents: 9.5 Natural Law Theories in Twentieth-Century Portugal
    Description / Table of Contents: About the Authors -- Foreword; Francisco José Contreras -- 1. Aristotle on Practical Rules, Universality, and Law; Jesús Vega -- 2. Cosmopolitanism and Natural Law in Cicero; Fernando Llano -- 3. Natural Law: Autonomous or Heteronomous? The Thomistic Perspective; Diego Poole -- 4. The Competing Sources of Aquinas’ Natural Law: Aristotle, Roman Law and the Early Christian Fathers; Anna Taitslin -- 5. God and Natural Law: Reflections on Genesis 22; Matthew Levering -- 6. Natural Right and Coercion; Ana Marta González -- 7. Natural Law and the Phenomenological Given; Marta Albert -- 8. Perspectivism and Natural Law; Ignacio Sánchez Cámara -- 9. International Law and the Natural Law Tradition: The Influence of Verdross and Kelsen on Legaz Lacambra; María Elósegui -- 10. Natural Law Theory in Spain and Portugal; Antonio E. Pérez Luño -- 11. Is the “New Natural Law Theory” Actually a Natural Law Theory?; Francisco José Contreras -- 12. Alasdair MacIntyre on Natural Law ; Rafael Ramis-Barceló -- 13. Dworkin and the Natural Law Tradition; María Lourdes Santos -- 14. Public Reason, Secularism, and Natural Law; Iván Garzón..
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400743182 , 1283633736 , 9781283633734
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 288 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy 2
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Political science Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Political science Philosophy ; History ; Han, Fei
    Abstract: Han Fei, who died in 233 BC, was one of the primary philosophers of Chinas classical era, a reputation still intact despite recent neglect. This edited volume on the thinker, his views on politics and philosophy, and the tensions of his relations with Confucianism (which he derided) is the first of its kind in English.Featuring contributions from specialists in various disciplines including religious studies and literature, this new addition to the Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy series includes the latest research. It breaks new ground with studies of Han Feis intellectual antecedents, and his relationship as a historical figure with Han Feizi, the text attributed to him, as well as surveying the full panoply of his thought. It also includes a chapter length survey of relevant scholarship, both in Chinese and Japanese.
    Description / Table of Contents: Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Han Fei; Editor's Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; Introduction: Han Fei and the Han Feizi; Works Cited; Part I: Han Fei's Predecessors; From Historical Evolution to the End of History: Past, Present and Future from Shang Yang to the First Emperor; Change and Stability in Warring States Thought; The Book of Lord Shang; Past, Present and Future in Han Fei; Qin's "End of History" and Its Aftermath; Works Cited; Shen Dao's Theory of fa and His In fl uence on Han Fei; Introduction; The Main Idea of the Shenzi Fragments: fa 法
    Description / Table of Contents: The Source of Law in Shen Dao's TheoryShen Dao's In fl uence on Han Fei; Works Cited; Part II: The Philosophy of Han Fei; Submerged by Absolute Power: The Ruler's Predicament in the Han Feizi; Foundations of the Ruler's Authority; Safeguarding the Ruler's Power; The Invisible Ruler; Back to Ministerial Power?; Conclusion; Works Cited; Beyond the Rule of Rules: The Foundations of Sovereign Power in the Han Feizi; Legitimating a Repressive Order: The Quest for an Artificial Paradise; From the Spontaneous to the Automatic; A Paradise with No Aberrations? The Paradox of the Norm and the Exception
    Description / Table of Contents: Inborn Human Nature: Changeable vs. UnchangeableHuman Qualities: Same vs. Different; The Source of Han Fei's View That Human Beings Focus on Pursuing Their Own Profit; Conclusion; Works Cited; Part IV: Studies of Specific Chapters; The Difficulty with "The Dif fi culties of Persuasion" ("Shuinan" 說難); Shui 說 in the Han Feizi; The Contradictions of "The Difficulties of Persuasion"; Early Authors on the Morality of shui 說; "Solitary Frustration" and the Morality of "The Dif fi culties of Persuasion"; The Legacy of Han Fei; Works Cited
    Description / Table of Contents: Han Feizi and the Old Master: A Comparative Analysis and Translation of Han Feizi Chapter 20, "Jie Lao," and Chapter 21, "Yu Lao"Introduction; Exegetical Strategies: Philosophical Principles Versus Illustrative Anecdotes; Passages Cited; Citation Styles; Citation Content: The Whole vs. The Part?; The Han Feizi and the Wang Bi Laozi Texts; Markers of Date; Bang Versus Guo to Denote the Concept of the State; The Historical Anecdotes of "Yu Lao"; Viewpoint and Vocabulary; "Yu Lao"; "Jie Lao"; Harmonizing Inner Potency, Humaneness, Righteousness, and Ritual ( de 德, ren 仁, yi 義, li 禮)
    Description / Table of Contents: Cultivating the Compassion of the Mother
    Description / Table of Contents: Works CitedHan Fei on the Problem of Morality; What Is Order?; On Morality and Order; A Possible Role for Morality in Governance?; On the Notion of Desert; Works Cited; Part III: Han Fei and Confucianism; Han Fei and Confucianism: Toward a Synthesis; Works Cited; Did Xunzi's Theory of Human Nature Provide the Foundation for the Political Thought of Han Fei?; Introduction; Modern Scholars' Views of the Relationship Between Xunzi and Han Fei; The Concept of xing in the Xunzi and the Han Feizi; Minxing 民性; Tianxing 天性; Qingxing 情性; The Concept of ren 人 (Mankind) in the Xunzi and the Han Feizi
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400776906
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 326 p. 7 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 31
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Cartesian empiricisms
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Descartes, René 1596-1650 ; Rezeption
    Abstract: Cartesian Empiricisms considers the role Cartesians played in the acceptance of experiment in natural philosophy during the seventeenth century. It aims to correct a partial image of Cartesian philosophers as paradigmatic system builders who failed to meet challenges posed by the new science’s innovative methods. Studies in this volume argue that far from being strangers to experiment, many Cartesians used and integrated it into their natural philosophies. Chapter 1 reviews the historiographies of early modern philosophy, science, and Cartesianism and their recent critiques. The first part of the volume explores various Cartesian contexts of experiment: the impact of French condemnations of Cartesian philosophy in the second half of the seventeenth century; the relation between Cartesian natural philosophy and the Parisian academies of the 1660s; the complex interplay between Cartesianism and Newtonianism in the Dutch Republic; the Cartesian influence on medical teaching at the University of Duisburg; and the challenges chemistry posed to the Cartesian theory of matter. The second part of the volume examines the work of particular Cartesians, such as Henricus Regius, Robert Desgabets, Jacques Rohault, Burchard de Volder, Antoine Le Grand, and Balthasar Bekker. Together these studies counter scientific revolution narratives that take rationalism and empiricism to be two mutually exclusive epistemological and methodological paradigms. The volume is thus a helpful instrument for anyone interested both in the histories of early modern philosophy and science, as well as for scholars interested in new evaluations of the historiographical tools that framed our traditional narratives
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgmentsAbbreviations List -- List Of Contributors -- Table of Contents.- 1. Introduction; Mihnea Dobre and Tammy Nyden.- Part I: Cartesian Natural Philosophy: Receptions and Context.- 2. Censorship, Condemnations, and the Spread of Cartesianism; Roger Ariew.- 3. Was there a Cartesian Experimentalism in 1660’s France?; Sophie Roux.- 4. Dutch Cartesian Empiricism and the Advent of Newtonianism; Wiep van Bunge.- 5. Heat, Action, Perception: Models of Living Beings in German Medical Cartesianism; Justin Smith.- 6. Could a Practicing Chemical Philosopher be a Cartesian?; Bernard Joly.- Part II: Cartesian Natural Philosophers.- 7. Empiricism Without Metaphysics: Regius’ Cartesian Natural Philosophy; Delphine Bellis.- 8. Robert Desgabets on the Physics and Metaphysics of Blood Transfusion; Patricia Easton.- 9. Rohault’s Cartesian Physics; Mihnea Dobre.- 10. De Volder’s Cartesian Physics and Experimental Pedagogy; Tammy Nyden.- 11. The Cartesian Psychology of Antoine Le Grande; Gary Hatfield.- 12. Mechanical Philosophy in an Enchanted World: Cartesian Empiricism in Balthasar Bekker’s Radical Reformation; Koen Vermeir.- Bio-Bibliographical Appendix for Cartesians Discussed in Part II.- Index.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789400745605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 483 p. 62 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind 11
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Dunér, David, 1970 - The natural philosophy of Emanuel Swedenborg
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy of mind ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy of mind ; Humanities ; Swedenborg, Emanuel 1688-1772 ; Naturphilosophie ; Swedenborg, Emanuel 1688-1772 ; Naturphilosophie
    Abstract: Although Emanuel Swedenborg (16881772) is commonly known for his spiritual philosophy, his early career was focused unnatural science. During this period, Swedenborg thought of the world was like a gigantic machine, following the laws of mechanics and geometry. This volume analyzes this mechanistic worldview from the cognitive perspective, by means of a study of the metaphors in Swedenborgs texts. The author argues that these conceptual metaphors are vital skills of the creative mind and scientific thinking, used to create visual analogies and abstract ideas. This means that Swedenborgs mechanistic and geometrical worldview, allowed him to perceive the world as mechanical and geometrical. Swedenborg thought with books and pens. The reading gave him associations and clues, forced him to interpret, and gave him material for his intellectual development.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Natural Philosophy of Emanuel Swedenborg; Contents; List of Figures; Introduction; Prologue on a Grain of Sand; Biographical Guide; Literature About a Phenomenon; A Theory of Swedenborg's Brain; Space and Thought; Metaphorical Thought; Seeing with the Inner Eye; Thinking with Books; Overview-The World Machine Seen from Above; The Space; A Blue Camera Obscura; The Society of the Curious; Armed Eyes; Attempts to Find East and West Longitude; We Are Educated by Studying, Experiencing, and Thinking; Unrest Disturbs My Work; From Barbarism to Culture; The Immutable World; The Sign
    Description / Table of Contents: Everything Is Silent, No One Knows Yet the DestinationLearned Games with the Number Sixty-Four; The Geometrical Number Eight; The Useful Number Eight; The Lord Is Wrathful; A Peripeteia on the Decimal; A Million Million; Rhetorical Arithmetic; Trees, Boxes, and Universal Mathematics; To Think Is to Count; The Wave; The Water Waves in Leiden; The Surging of the Sea; Sound in the Mountains of Lapland; In the Baroque Echo Temple; Thunder and Organ Peals; Fire and Colours; One Membrane Trembles from the Other's Trembling; The Beautiful Geometry of Tremulation; To Live Is to Tremble
    Description / Table of Contents: The Circles of the BodyHearing the Music from Within; Vision Extends into the Invisible; The Sphere; Hell Upon Earth; Flying in the Air; The Geometry of War; Nature-A Composite Analogy; The World Machine and the Little Machine; Peas and Cannonballs; A Sea of Bubbles; The Power of the Water Bubble; The Vapours Rising Over the Mountain; The Geometry of Heat; A Mineral Cabinet Without Stones; The Fruits of the Volcano; In the Bride-Chamber of the Mineral Kingdom; Vanitas Bubbles of Soap and Water; The Point; The Spider in the Polygonal Web; The Point That Delineates the World
    Description / Table of Contents: A Grain of Dust at the EquatorNature's Labyrinth; The Janus Face of the Mathematical Point; The Spiral; Helical Lines; The Circle of Time; The Force of the Moon; Whirls and Voids; On the Eternal Spring in the Age of Winter Cold; From Centre to Circumference and Back; Impossible Figures; The Microcosmic Spiral Motion; Magnetic Effluvia; The Magnetic Sphere and the Sidereal Heaven; The Macrocosmic Vortex; The Declination of the Magnetic Needle; The Membrane Between Body and Soul; The Infinite; A World That Is Not Even a Point; The Limits of the Unknowable
    Description / Table of Contents: The Infinite Is the Ultimate Cause of the FiniteThe Fantastic Order of the Brain Machine; The Limits of the Universe; The Nexus Between Infinite and Finite; The Last Effect of Creation; The Degree of Perfection; Escape to the Oracle of Reason; The Soul Machine; The Philosopher, the Happiest or the Unhappiest of Mortals; Conclusion; The Convolutions of the Brain; From Angular to Perpetuo-Spiritual Form; A Blind Man Who Can See, and the Form of Ideas; Swedenborg's Euphoria; Spiral Dances in Paradise; The Primary Metaphors of Correspondences; Memorabilia from Earthly Life
    Description / Table of Contents: The Geometry of the Spiritual World
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400752436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 241 p. 13 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Philosophy of Engineering and Technology 9
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Norms in technology
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Technology Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Technology Philosophy ; Technik ; Philosophie ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Technik ; Philosophie ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This book offers a fusion of philosophy and technology, delineating the normative landscape that informs today s technologies and tomorrow s inventions. It examines what is deemed to be the internal norms that govern the ever-expanding technical universe
    Abstract: This book is a distinctive fusion of philosophy and technology, delineating the normative landscape that informs today’s technologies and tomorrow’s inventions. The authors examine what we deem to be the internal norms that govern our ever-expanding technical universe. Recognizing that developments in technology and engineering literally create our human future, transforming existing knowledge into tomorrow’s tools and infrastructure, they chart the normative criteria we use to evaluate novel technological artifacts: how, for example, do we judge a ‘good’ from a ‘bad’ expert system or nuclear power plant? As well as these ‘functional’ norms, and the norms that guide technological knowledge and reasoning, the book examines commonly agreed benchmarks in safety and risk reduction, which play a pivotal role in engineering practice.Informed by the core insight that, in technology and engineering, factual knowledge relating, for example, to the properties of materials or the load-bearing characteristics of differing construction designs is not enough, this analysis follows the often unseen foundations upon which technologies rest-the norms that guide the creative forces shaping the technical landscape to come. The book, a comprehensive survey of these emerging topics in the philosophy of technology, clarifies the role these norms (epistemological, functional, and risk-assessing) play in technological innovation, and the consequences they have for our understanding of technological knowledge.
    Description / Table of Contents: Norms in Technology; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1 The Many Relations Between Norms and Technology; 2 Two Types of Instrumental Norms; 3 Norms, Risk and Safety; 3.1 The Illusion of Nonnormative Risk Assessment; 3.2 The Undesirability of Risks; 3.3 Prioritization Among Incomparable Risks; 3.4 Probability Weighing; 3.5 Safety Norms in Engineering Practice; 4 The Structure of the Book; Part I: Normativity in Technological Knowledge and Action; Chapter 2: Extending the Scope of the Theory of Knowledge; 1 Introduction; 2 Science and Engineering Knowledge; 3 Engineering Knowledge
    Description / Table of Contents: 4 Exploring Types of Engineering Knowledge5 Will the Justified True Belief Account Work?; 6 Bearers of Knowledge: Beliefs, Actions and Other Categories; 7 Conclusion; Appendix : Edison's Patent; References; Chapter 3: Rules, Plans and the Normativity of Technological Knowledge; 1 Introduction; 2 Technological Rules and Norms; 3 Plans and Agents; 4 Normativity in Technological Knowledge; 5 Towards an Epistemology of Routines; 6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Beliefs, Acceptances and Technological Knowledge; 1 Introduction: Can Technological Knowledge Be a Matter of Beliefs Only?
    Description / Table of Contents: 2 Types of Acceptances3 Types of Technological Knowledge; 4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Policy Objectives and the Functions of Transport Systems; 1 Introduction; 2 Background and Observations; 2.1 Swedish Transport Policy Objectives; 2.2 Conceptions of Objectives and Rationality; 3 Normative Implications and Lessons Learned; 3.1 Goals Are Subject to Evaluation and Updating; 3.2 There Is a Trade-Off Between Precision and Flexibility; 3.3 Different Kinds of Goals Require Different Approaches; 4 Philosophical Relevance; 4.1 Future Generations
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2 Standard of Measurement (Axiological Commensurability)4.3 Fairness; 5 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 6: Rational Goals in Engineering Design: The Venice Dams; 1 Introduction; 2 The Function of Engineering Goals; 3 Designing the MOSE System; 4 Precision; 5 Evaluability; 6 Approachability; 7 Consistency; 8 Concluding Remarks; References; Part II: Normativity and Artefact Norms; Chapter 7: Valuation of Artefacts and the Normativity of Technology; 1 Introduction; 2 Classifying Value Statements; 2.1 Quantitative Classification; 2.2 Classification in Terms of Value Standards
    Description / Table of Contents: 3 Categories of Technological Objects4 Functional Value Statements in Technology; 4.1 Function and Value: A First Approximation; 4.2 Four Types of Categories; 4.3 Asymmetries in the Use of Value Terms; 5 Norms; 6 Conclusion; Appendix: The Logic of Category-Specified Value; Categories and Their Elements; Subcategories; Value Predicates; Some Valid Inference Principles; References; Chapter 8: Artefactual Norms; 1 Introduction; 2 What's in a Norm?; 3 Artefact Use and Norms; 3.1 Compatibility; 3.2 Interference; 3.3 Quality; 4 Artefact Design and Norms; 4.1 Marketability; 4.2 Manufacturability
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.3 Transportability, Installability
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Introduction -- Part I. Normativity in Technological Knowledge and Action.-Chapter 1.  Extending the scope of technological knowledge: Anthonie W.M. Meijers and Peter Kroes -- Chapter 2. Rules, plans and the normativity of technological knowledge: Wybo Houkes -- Chapter 3. Beliefs, acceptances and technological knowledge: Marc J. de Vries and Anthonie W.M. Meijers -- Chapter 4. Policy objectives and the functions of transport systems: Holger Rosencrantz -- Chapter 5. Rational Goals in Engineering Design: The Venice Dams Case: Karin Edvardsson Björnberg -- Part 2. Normativity and Artefact Norms -- Chapter 6. Valuation of Artefacts and the Normativity of Technology: Sven Ove Hansson -- Chapter 7. Artifactual norms: Krist Vaesen -- Chapter 8. Instrumental Artifact Functions and Normativity: Jesse Hughes -- Chapter 9. The goodness and kindness of artefacts: Maarten Franssen -- Part 3. Normativity and Technological Risks -- Chapter 10. The Non-Reductivity of Normativity in Risks: Niklas Möller -- Chapter 11. Risk and Degrees of Rightness: Martin Peterson and Nicolas Espinoza -- Chapter 12. Naturalness, Artifacts, and Value: Per Sandin -- Chapter 13. Trust in Technological Systems: Philip J. Nickel -- Index.     ​.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789400754850
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 332 p. 15 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 273
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. The Berlin Group and the philosophy of logical empiricism
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Dubislav, Walter, 1895- ; Oppenheim, Paul, 1885- ; Grelling, Kurt ; Fries, Jakob Friedrich, 1773-1843 ; Science ; Philosophy ; History ; 20th century ; Congresses ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Reichenbach, Hans 1891-1953 ; Neopositivismus ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: The Berlin Group for scientific philosophy was active between 1928 and 1933 and was closely related to the Vienna Circle. In 1930, the leaders of the two Groups, Hans Reichenbach and Rudolf Carnap, launched the journal Erkenntnis. However, between the Berlin Group and the Vienna Circle, there was not only close relatedness but also significant difference. Above all, while the Berlin Group explored philosophical problems of the actual practice of science, the Vienna Circle, closely following Wittgenstein, was more interested in problems of the language of science. The book includes first discussion ever (in three chapters) on Walter Dubislav’s logic and philosophy. Two chapters are devoted to another author scarcely explored in English, Kurt Grelling, and another one to Paul Oppenheim who became an important figure in the philosophy of science in the USA in the 1940s-1960s. Finally, the book discusses the precursor of the Nord-German tradition of scientific philosophy, Jacob Friedrich Fries
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Milkov, Peckhaus.- Part I. Introductory Chapters -- Part II. Historical-Theoretical Context -- Part III. Hans Reichenbach -- Part IV. Walter Dubislav -- Part V. Kurt Grelling and  Alexander Herzberg -- Part VI. Carl Hempel und Paul Oppenheim.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    ISBN: 9783642353475
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 284 p. 71 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Weinert, Friedel, 1950 - The march of time
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Science (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Science (General) ; Zeit ; Naturphilosophie ; Naturwissenschaften ; Zeit ; Naturphilosophie ; Naturwissenschaften
    Abstract: The aim of this interdisciplinary study is to reconstruct the evolution of our changing conceptions of time in the light of scientific discoveries. It will adopt a new perspective and organize the material around three central themes, which run through our history of time reckoning: cosmology and regularity; stasis and flux; symmetry and asymmetry. It is the physical criteria that humans choose - relativistic effects and time-symmetric equations or dynamic-kinematic effects and asymmetric conditions - that establish our views on the nature of time. This book will defend a dynamic rather than a static view of time
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Evolving Conceptions of Time in the Light of Scientific Discoveries -- Introduction -- 2 Time and Cosmology -- Greek Astronomy -- Plato and Aristotle -- The Need for Physical Time -- Kant’s Cosmology -- Time and Causality -- The Topology of Time -- The Metric of Time -- Some Advances in the Theory of Time in Classical Physics -- Time in Modern Physics -- The Measurement of Time in Quantum Mechanics -- Why Measurement? -- On Permissible Inferences from Scientific Theories -- 3 Flux and Stasis.-Parmenidean Stasis and Heraclitean Flux -- Idealism About Time -- Realism About Time -- Relationism About Time -- The Theory of Relativity and the Block Universe -- Minkowski Spacetime and the Block Universe -- An Alternative Representation of Minkowski Space-Time -- Space-Time and Invariance -- The General Theory of Relativity -- Substantivalism and Relationism About Space-Time --  4 Symmetry and Asymmetry -- Fundamental Equations and Human Experience -- Entropy and Order -- Reversibility and Irreversibility -- The Role of Boundary Conditions -- The Emergence of Time -- Time in Basic Quantum Mechanics -- Time Travel Scenarios -- 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400742079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 241 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 356
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Berto, Francesco, 1973 - Existence as a real property
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Existenz ; Ontologie ; Meinong, Alexius 1853-1920 ; Ontologie ; Existenz ; Ontologie
    Abstract: This profound exploration of one of the core notions of philosophy-the concept of existence itself-reviews, then counters (via Meinongian theory), the mainstream philosophical view running from Hume to Frege, Russell, and Quine, summarized thus by Kant: “Existence is not a predicate.” The initial section of the book presents a comprehensive introduction to, and critical evaluation of, this mainstream view. The author moves on to provide the first systematic survey of all the main Meinongian theories of existence, which, by contrast, reckon existence to be a real, full-fledged property of objects that some things possess, and others lack. As an influential addition to the research literature, the third part develops the most up-to-date neo-Meinongian theory called Modal Meinongianism, applies it to specific fields such as the ontology of fictional objects, and discusses its open problems, laying the groundwork for further research.In accordance with the latest trends in analytic ontology, the author prioritizes a meta-ontological viewpoint, adopting a dual definition of meta-ontology as the discourse on the meaning of being, and as the discourse on the tools and methods of ontological enquiry. This allows a balanced assessment of philosophical views on a cost-benefit basis, following multiple criteria for theory evaluation. Compelling and revealing, this new publication is a vital addition to contemporary philosophical ontology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Prologue: Much Ado About Nothing -- Acknowledgments -- Existence as Logic -- Chapter 1. The Paradox of Non-Being -- Chapter 2. To Exist and to Count -- Chapter 3. Troubles for the Received View -- Nonexistence -- Chapter 4. Existence As a Real Property -- Chapter 5. Naïve Meinongianism -- Chapter 6. Meinongianisms of The First, Second, and Third Kind -- Close Encounters (with Nonexistents) of the Third Kind -- Chapter 7. Conceiving the Impossible -- Chapter 8. Nonexistents of The Third Kind at Work -- Chapter 9. Open Problems -- References -- Index.​.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    ISBN: 9783642358166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 252 p, digital)
    Series Statement: China Academic Library
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Liang, Shuming, 1893 - 1988 Has man a future?
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Humanities / Arts ; Humanities ; History ; Philosophische Anthropologie ; Konfuzianismus ; Philosophische Anthropologie ; Konfuzianismus
    Abstract: Liang Shu-ming (October 18, 1893 - June 23, 1988), was a legendary philosopher, teacher, and leader in the Rural Reconstruction Movement in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican eras of Chinese history. Liang was also one of the early representatives of modern Neo-Confucianism. Guy S. Alitto, associate Professor in the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations (EALC) at The University of Chicago, is author of, among other things, The Last Confucian: Liang Shu-ming and the Chinese Dilemma of Modernity, and is one of the most active and influential Sinologists in America. In 1980
    Description / Table of Contents: Has Man a Future?; Preface; Contents; Introduction; Chapter 1: August 12, 1980; Chapter 2: August 13, 1980; Chapter 3: August 14, 1980; Chapter 4: August 15, 1980; Chapter 5: August 16, 1980; Chapter 6: August 17, 1980; Chapter 7: August 18, 1980; Chapter 8: August 19, 1980; Chapter 9: August 20, 1980; Chapter 10: August 21, 1980; Chapter 11: August 22, 1980; Chapter 12: August 24, 1980; Chapter 13: August 25, 1980
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxfprd : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780191749803
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 792 Seiten)
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Peter, Niklaus The Oxford Handbook of Nietzsche 2016
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Oxford handbook of Nietzsche
    DDC: 001.09
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    Keywords: Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm ; Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm ; 1844-1900 ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Nietzsche, Friedrich 1844-1900 ; Nietzsche, Friedrich 1844-1900 ; Philosophie
    Abstract: An international team of scholars offer a broad engagement with the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche. They discuss the main topics of his philosophy, under the headings of values, epistemology and metaphysics, and will to power. Other sections are devoted to his life, his relations to other philosophers, and his individual works
    Abstract: The diversity of Nietzsche's books, and the sheer range of his philosophical interests, have posed daunting challenges to his interpreters. This Oxford Handbook addresses this multiplicity by devoting each of its 32 essays to a focused topic, picked out by the book's systematic plan. The aim is to treat each topic at the best current level of philosophical scholarship on Nietzsche. The first group of papers treat selected biographical issues: his family relations, his relations towomen, and his ill health and eventual insanity. In Part 2 the papers treat Nietzsche in historical context: his re
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400762237
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 235 p. 2 illus, digital)
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Silver, David Business Ethics in the 21st Century, by Norman E. Bowie. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013. 235 pp. ISBN: 978-9400762220 2015
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 39
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Economics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Economics ; Wirtschaftsethik
    Abstract: This work provides a critical look at business practice in the early 21st century and suggests changes that are both practical and normatively superior. Several chapters present a reflection on business ethics from a societal or macro-organizational point of view. It makes a case for the economic and moral superiority of the sustainability capitalism of the European Union over the finance-based model of the United States. Most major themes in business ethics are covered and some new ones are introduced, including the topic of the right way to teach business ethics. The general approach adopted in this volume is Kantian. Alternative approaches are critically evaluated
    Description / Table of Contents: Business Ethics in the 21st Century; Introduction by the Series Editors; Preface; Editorial Board Issues in Business Ethics; Editorial Board Eminent Voices in Business Ethics; Contents; Part I: Economic Issues in Business Ethics; Chapter 1: Fair Markets Revisited; Morality as a Ground of Legal Decisions; A Rejoinder and Reply; Advice for Managers; Characteristics of Fairness; Objections and Replies; Conclusion; Chapter 2: What's Wrong with Efficiency and Always Low Prices; Introduction; The Problem; Some Observations from Home and Abroad; What Some Others Are Saying; The Issue or Issues
    Description / Table of Contents: What's to Be DoneObjections and Replies; Conclusion; Chapter 3: Economics, Friend or Foe of Ethics; Economics as Foe; Foe: Adherence to Psychological Egoism; Foe: Assumptions of Agency Theory; Dropping the "No Transaction Costs" Assumption: Transaction Cost Economics; Turning Economics from Foe to Friend; Codes of Ethics; The Importance of a Good "Ethical Climate"; Multinationals and Universal Standards; The Argument for Universal Ethical Values; An Argument for Truly Universal Standards of Business Ethics; A Complication; Fairness as an Explanatory Variable in Economics and Management Theory
    Description / Table of Contents: ConclusionPart II: Philosophical Issues in Business; Chapter 4: Kantian Themes; Why Kant; Organization of This Chapter; Rethinking and Defending Business Ethics : A Kantian Perspective; Chapter 1 Immoral Business Practices; Chapter 2 Treating the Humanity of Stakeholders as Ends Rather than as Means Merely; Chapter 3 The Firm as a Moral Community; Chapter 4 Acting from Duty: How Pure a Motive?; Chapter 5 The Cosmopolitan Perspective; The New Generation of Scholars Applying Kant to Business Ethics; Aristotle-Not Kant; Kantian Accounts of Corporate Social Responsibility; Conclusion
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 5: Limitations of the Pragmatist Approach to Business EthicsBackground; Rorty's Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity; Why Literature Misleads; Rorty's Address Before the Society for Business Ethics; The Pragmatism of Ed Freeman and Some of His Students; Should Stakeholder Theorists Adopt a Pragmatist Methodology?; Concluding Thought; Part III: International Issues in Business Ethics; Chapter 6: Varieties of Corporate Social Responsibility; The Maximization of Shareholder Wealth Capitalism-American Finance Based Capitalism; Corporate Social Responsibility as Charity
    Description / Table of Contents: An Addendum to the Classical American View: Stakeholder CapitalismSocial Responsibility Under the Stakeholder Model; The European Sustainability Version of Capitalism; Philanthropy, the Safety Net, and Human Rights; The Business Case for Social Responsibility; Corporate Social Responsibility in Asia; Japan; India; China; Evidence That China Seems to Lack a Sense of Corporate Social Responsibility; Which Version of Corporate Social Responsibility Should a Country Adopt?; The Moral Argument for Sustainability; Why Philanthropy Is Not Enough
    Description / Table of Contents: Does China Need Corporate Social Responsibility to Survive
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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    URL: Cover
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9780199983780
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Oxford handbooks online
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Oxford handbook of Hobbes
    DDC: 192
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    Keywords: Hobbes, Thomas ; Hobbes, Thomas ; Hobbes, Thomas ; 1588-1679 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Hobbes, Thomas 1588-1679 ; Hobbes, Thomas 1588-1679
    Abstract: This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. The table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site.
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9783161564338
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Lang, Manfred, 1964 - [Rezension von: Epictetus, 50-130, Was ist wahre Freiheit? : Diatribe IV 1] 2015
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Pinjuh, J.-M. [Rezension von: Epictetus, 50-130, Was ist wahre Freiheit? : Diatribe IV 1] 2017
    Series Statement: SAPERE Band 22
    Series Statement: SAPERE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Epictetus, 50 - 130 Was ist wahre Freiheit?
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    Keywords: Quelle ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Freiheit ; Stoa ; Epictetus 50-130 Dissertationes 4,1
    Abstract: Bei Epiktets Unterredung Über die Freiheit handelt es sich nicht nur um einen exemplarischen Text eines authentischen Stoikers (um 100 n. Chr.), sondern um ein Programm antiker Lebenskunst. Freiheit als "Leben, wie man will" wird interpretiert als Unterscheidung des "Fremden" vom "Eigenen" und als "sich an Gott anschließen"
    Note: German
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sydney, N.S.W : Sydney University Press | Berlin : Knowledge Unlatched
    ISBN: 9781743320242 , 9781743323700 , 9781743325247
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 325 Seiten) , Illustrationen
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    Keywords: Electronic books ; Tierethik
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 85
    ISBN: 3161564332 , 3161523660 , 9783161523663 , 9783161564338
    Language: German , Greek, Ancient (to 1453)
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 178 pages)
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Lang, Manfred, 1964 - [Rezension von: Epictetus, 50-130, Was ist wahre Freiheit? : Diatribe IV 1] 2015
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Pinjuh, J.-M. [Rezension von: Epictetus, 50-130, Was ist wahre Freiheit? : Diatribe IV 1] 2017
    Series Statement: SAPERE Band 22
    Series Statement: SAPERE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Epictetus, 50 - 130 Was ist wahre Freiheit?
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    Keywords: Epictetus ; Epictetus ; Liberty Philosophy ; History ; Liberty Early works to 1800 Philosophy ; Liberty ; Philosophy ; Early works ; History ; Freiheit ; Stoa ; Übersetzung ; Deutsch ; PHILOSOPHY / Ethics & Moral Philosophy ; Discourses (Epictetus) ; Electronic books ; Quelle ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Freiheit ; Stoa ; Epictetus 50-130 Dissertationes 4,1
    Abstract: A. Einführung:Einführung in die Schrift /Thomas Schmeller --Epiktet : Leben und Werk --Warum Epiktet? : Beispiele aus der Wirkungsgeschichte --Walt Whitman --James Stockdale --Irvin D. Yalom --Leben und Wirken --Lehre --Überlieferung --Der Bestand --Arrian --Form und Gattung --Pragmatik --Einführung zu Diss. IV 1 --Aufbau und Gedankengang --Stil --Zum Text /Manuel Baumbach --B. Text, Übersetzung und Anmerkungen:Diss. IV 1 /Text von Manuel Baumbach ; Übersetzung von Thomas Schmeller ; Anmerkungen von Manuel Baumbach --C. Essays:Ein ehemaliger Sklave spricht über Sklaverei und Freilassung : zum sozialgeschichtlichen Hintergrund von Epiktets Diatribe über die Freiheit /Eva Ebel --Epiktets Theorie der Freiheit im Verhältnis zur klassischen stoischen Lehre (Diss. IV 1) /Maximilian Forschner --Lebenskunst als Gottesdienst : Epiktets Theologie und ihr Verhältnis zum Neuen Testament /Samuel Vollenweider --D. Anhang:Literaturverzeichnis --Indices /Serena Pirrotta --Die Autoren dieses Bandes.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Text of Epictetus's Discourse in the original Greek with German translation on facing pages; introduction, critical essays, and annotations in German
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9783161564338
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Lang, Manfred, 1964 - [Rezension von: Epictetus, 50-130, Was ist wahre Freiheit? : Diatribe IV 1] 2015
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Pinjuh, J.-M. [Rezension von: Epictetus, 50-130, Was ist wahre Freiheit? : Diatribe IV 1] 2017
    Series Statement: SAPERE Band 22
    Series Statement: SAPERE
    Uniform Title: Dissertationes 4,1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Epictetus, 50 - 130 Was ist wahre Freiheit?
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    Keywords: Quelle ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Freiheit ; Stoa ; Epictetus 50-130 Dissertationes 4,1
    Abstract: Bei Epiktets Unterredung Über die Freiheit handelt es sich nicht nur um einen exemplarischen Text eines authentischen Stoikers (um 100 n. Chr.), sondern um ein Programm antiker Lebenskunst. Freiheit als "Leben, wie man will" wird interpretiert als Unterscheidung des "Fremden" vom "Eigenen" und als "sich an Gott anschließen"
    Note: German
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evanston, Ill : Northwestern University Press
    ISBN: 9780810129023
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 298 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Northwestern University studies in phenomenology and existential philosophy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als McMullin, Irene Time and the shared world
    DDC: 193
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    Keywords: Heidegger, Martin ; Time Philosophy ; Intersubjectivity ; Heidegger, Martin 1889-1976 ; Intersubjektivität ; Zeit ; Ontologie ; Heidegger, Martin 1889-1976 ; Zeit ; Ontologie
    Abstract: Time and the Shared World challenges the common view that Heidegger offers few resources for understanding humanity’s social nature. The book demonstrates that Heidegger’s reformulation of traditional notions of subjectivity has wide-ranging implications for understanding the nature of human relationships. Contrary to entrenched critiques, Irene McMullin shows that Heidegger’s characterization of selfhood as fundamentally social presupposes the responsive acknowledgment of each person’s particularity and otherness. In doing so, McMullin argues that Heidegger’s work on the social nature of the self must be located within a philosophical continuum that builds on Kant and Husserl’s work regarding the nature of the a priori and the fundamental structures of human temporality, while also pointing forward to developments of these themes to be found in Heidegger’s later work and in such thinkers as Sartre and Levinas. By developing unrecognized resources in Heidegger’s work, Time and the Shared World is able to provide a Heidegger-inspired account of respect and the intersubjective origins of normativity.
    Abstract: Introduction: Time and the shared world -- The "subject" of inquiry -- Mineness and the practical first-person -- Being and otherness: Sartre's critique -- Heideggerian aprioricity and the categories of being -- The temporality of care -- Fürsorge: acknowledging the other Dasein -- Authenticity, inauthenticity, and the extremes of Fürsorge -- Conclusion
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Time and the shared worldThe "subject" of inquiry -- Mineness and the practical first-person -- Being and otherness: Sartre's critique -- Heideggerian aprioricity and the categories of being -- The temporality of care -- Fürsorge: acknowledging the other Dasein -- Authenticity, inauthenticity, and the extremes of Fürsorge -- Conclusion.
    Note: Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--Rice University , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400753570 , 1283936097 , 9781283936095
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 215 p. 23 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 362
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Bayesian argumentation
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Computer simulation ; Applied linguistics ; Social sciences Methodology ; Applied psychology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Computer simulation ; Applied linguistics ; Social sciences Methodology ; Applied psychology ; Reasoning (Psychology) ; Congresses ; Logic ; Congresses ; Thought and thinking ; Congresses ; Probabilities ; Congresses ; Bayesian statistical decision theory ; Congresses ; Konferenzschrift ; Argumentationstheorie ; Bayes-Entscheidungstheorie
    Abstract: Relevant to, and drawing from, a range of disciplines, the chapters in this collection show the diversity, and applicability, of research in Bayesian argumentation. Together, they form a challenge to philosophers versed in both the use and criticism of Bayesian models who have largely overlooked their potential in argumentation. Selected from contributions to a multidisciplinary workshop on the topic held in Lund, Sweden, in autumn 2010, the authors count legal scholars and cognitive scientists among their number, in addition to philosophers. They analyze material that includes real-life court cases, experimental research results, and the insights gained from computer models.The volume provides a formal measure of subjective argument strength and argument force, robust enough to allow advocates of opposing sides of an argument to agree on the relative strengths of their supporting reasoning. With papers from leading figures such as Mike Oaksford and Ulrike Hahn, the book comprises recent research conducted at the frontiers of Bayesian argumentation and provides a multitude of examples in which these formal tools can be applied to informal argument. It signals new and impending developments in philosophy, which has seen Bayesian models deployed in formal epistemology and philosophy of science, but has yet to explore the full potential of Bayesian models as a framework in argumentation. In doing so, this revealing anthology looks destined to become a standard teaching text in years to come.
    Description / Table of Contents: Bayesian Argumentation; Foreword; Contents; Bayesian Argumentation: The Practical Side of Probability; 1 Introduction; 2 The Bayesian Approach to Argumentation; 3 Chapter Overview; 3.1 The Bayesian Approach to Argumentation; 3.2 The Legal Domain; 3.3 Modeling Rational Agents; 3.4 Theoretical Issues; References; Part I: The Bayesian Approach to Argumentation; Testimony and Argument: A Bayesian Perspective; 1 Introduction; 2 Testimony, Argumentation and the `Third Way´; 3 Some Problems for MAXMIN; 4 A Bayesian Perspective; 5 Message Content and Message Source: Exploring Norms and Intuitions
    Description / Table of Contents: 6 Rehousing Argumentation Schemes Within a Bayesian Framework7 Concluding Remarks; References; Why Are We Convinced by the Ad Hominem Argument?: Bayesian Source Reliability and Pragma-Dialectical Discussion Rules; 1 Types of the Argumentum Ad Hominem; 2 The Pragma-Dialectical Approach; 3 The Bayesian Approach; 4 An Experiment on the Argument Ad Hominem; 5 Method; 6 Results and Discussion; 7 Conclusion; Appendix: Experimental Materials; Abusive; Circumstantial; Tu Quoque; Control; References; 1 Introduction; 2 Survey of Relevant Uncertainties; Part II: The Legal Domain
    Description / Table of Contents: A Survey of Uncertainties and Their Consequences in Probabilistic Legal Argumentation2.1 The Example Case; 2.2 Factual Uncertainty; 2.3 Normative Uncertainty; 2.4 Moral Uncertainty; 2.5 Empirical Uncertainty; 2.6 Interdependencies; 3 Desirable Attributes for a Probabilistic Argument Model to Assist Litigation Planning; 3.1 Assessment of Utilities; 3.2 Easy Knowledge Engineering; 3.3 Conflict Resolution and Argument Weights; 4 Sample Assessment of Graphical Models; 4.1 A Graphical Structure of the Analysis; 4.2 Casting the Example into a Graphical Model; 4.3 Generic Bayesian Networks
    Description / Table of Contents: 5 Carneades5.1 A Brief Introduction to the Carneades Model; 5.2 Carneades Bayesian Networks; 5.3 Carneades Bayesian Networks with Probabilistic Assumptions; 5.4 Introduction to Argument Weights; 6 Extension of Carneades to Support Probabilistic Argument Weights; 7 Desiderata for Future Developments; 7.1 Weights Subject to Argumentation; 7.2 Inform Weights from Values; 8 Conclusions and Future Work; References; Was It Wrong to Use Statistics in R v Clark? A Case Study of the Use of Statistical Evidence in Criminal Courts; 1 Introduction; 2 Factual Background; 3 Existing Explanations
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.1 The Flaws in Meadow´s Calculation3.2 The Psychological Effect of the Statistical Evidence; 3.3 The Prosecutor´s Fallacy; 3.4 Bayes´ Theorem; 3.5 The Insignificance of the SIDS Statistics; 4 The Contrastive Explanation; 5 Conclusion; References; Part III: Modeling Rational Agents; A Bayesian Simulation Model of Group Deliberation and Polarization; 1 Introduction; 2 The Laputa Simulation Framework; 3 The Underlying Bayesian Model; 4 Interpreting Laputa; 5 Do Bayesian Inquirers Polarize?; 6 Conclusion and Discussion; Appendix; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Degrees of Justification, Bayes´ Rule, and Rationality
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Frank Zenker.​- Part 1 -- The Bayesian Approach to Argumentation -- Chapter 1. Testimony and Argument: A Bayesian Perspective: Ulrike Hahn, Mike Oaksford and Adam J.L. Harris -- Chapter 2. Why are we convinced by the Ad Hominem Argument?: Source Reliability or Pragma-Dialectics: Mike Oaksford and Ulrike Hahn.- Part 2. The Legal Domain.-Chapter 3. A survey of uncertainties and their consequences in Probabilistic Legal Argumentation: Matthias Grabmair and Kevin D. Ashley -- Chapter 4. What went wrong in the case of Sally Clark? A case-study of the use of Statistical Evidence in Court: Amid Pundik -- Part 3. Modeling Rational Agents -- Chapter 5. A Bayesian Simulation Model of Group Deliberation: Erik J. Olsson -- Chapter 6. Degrees of Justification, Bayes' Rule, and Rationality: Gregor Betz -- Chapter 7. Argumentation with (Bounded) Rational Agents: Robert van Rooij and Kris de Jaeghery -- Part 4. Theoretical Issues -- Chapter 8. Reductio, Coherence, and the Myth of Epistemic Circularity: Tomoji Shogenji -- Chapter 9. On Argument Strength: Niki Pfeiffer -- Chapter 10 -- Upping the Stakes and the Preface Paradox: Jonny Blamey -- References.​.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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    URL: Cover
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Heidelberg : Springer
    ISBN: 9783319000503
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 61 p, digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Ethics 6
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Print version The American Experience in Environmental Protection
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Newton, Lisa The American Experience in Environmental Protection
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of nature ; Environmental law ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of nature ; Environmental law
    Abstract: This book tracks the growth of environmental awareness and conservation in the United States through the major trends of the 20th century, and establishes a philosophical ground for protection of the environment. It records a major cultural shift in the thinking of this nation, and provides guidelines for its continuation.​
    Description / Table of Contents: Author’s Preface -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Environmental Background -- Chapter 2:  Business Hears the Call -- Chapter 3: Coming to Value Nature.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400748453 , 128363418X , 9781283634182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 203 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 104
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Kaufman, Whitley R. P., 1963 - Honor and revenge: a theory of punishment
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Criminology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Criminology ; Punishment ; Philosophy ; Punishment in crime deterrence ; Retribution ; Strafe ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Kriminologie ; Strafe ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Kriminologie
    Abstract: This book addresses the problem of justifying the institution of criminal punishment. It examines the "paradox of retribution: the fact that we cannot seem to reject the intuition that punishment is morally required, and yet we cannot (even after two thousand years of philosophical debate) find a morally legitimate basis for inflicting harm on wrongdoers. The book comes at a time when a new "abolitionist movement has arisen, a movement that argues that we should give up the search for justification and accept that punishment is morally unjustifiable and should be discontinued immediately. This book, however, proposes a new approach to the retributive theory of punishment, arguing that it should be understood in its traditional formulation that has been long forgotten or dismissed: that punishment is essentially a defense of the honor of the victim. Properly understood, this can give us the possibility of a legitimate moral justification for the institution of punishment.?
    Description / Table of Contents: Honor and Revenge: A Theory of Punishment; Contents; Chapter 1: The Problem of Punishment; 1.1 The Paradox of Retribution; 1.2 The Incoherence of Public Policy: A Muddle of Theories; 1.3 The Rise of Abolitionism; 1.4 The Strategy of This Book; 1.5 The Importance of the Debate; Chapter 2: Punishment as Crime Prevention; 2.1 Does Punishment Prevent Crime?; 2.2 Crime Prevention and the Utilitarian Moral Theory; 2.3 The Critique of Consequentialism; 2.4 Is It Ever Useful to Punish the Innocent?; 2.5 Punishing the Guilty; 2.6 What's Left of the Crime Prevention Theory?
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.7 The Intend/Foresee Distinction2.8 The Crime-Prevention Theory and Double Effect; 2.9 The DDE and Punishing the Innocent; 2.10 Deterrence and Retribution; Chapter 3: Can Retributive Punishment Be Justified?; 3.1 Crypto-Utilitarian Theories of Retribution; 3.1.1 The Deterrence-Based Theory of Retribution; 3.1.2 Retribution and Satisfaction of Victims; 3.2 Retribution as a Natural Instinct or Emotion; 3.3 Retribution as a Requirement of Reason; 3.3.1 Respect for the Offender; 3.3.2 Right to Be Punished; 3.3.3 Consent to Be Punished; 3.3.4 Unfair Advantage
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.4 Retribution as Conceptual Requirement3.5 The Expressive Theory of Retribution; 3.5.1 Can the Expressive Theory Justify Punishment?; 3.5.2 Why Hard Treatment?; 3.6 Retribution as a Moral Primitive; Chapter 4: The Mixed Theory of Punishment; 4.1 The Idea of "Separate Questions"; 4.2 The Conceptual Version of the Mixed Theory; 4.3 Legal Formalism; 4.4 The Separation of Powers Principle; 4.5 The Rule-Utilitarian Theory; 4.6 H.L.A. Hart's Two-Level Theory; 4.7 The "Practice Conception" Argument; 4.8 Utilitarianism, Retribution, and the Two Levels; 4.9 Conclusion
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 5: Retribution and Revenge5.1 Six Supposed Distinctions Between Revenge and Retribution; 5.2 Revenge Is Personal; 5.3 Revenge Is Inherently Excessive; 5.4 Revenge Is for Insults and Slights, Not Moral Wrongs; 5.5 Revenge Is Based on Sadistic Pleasure; 5.6 Revenge Is Based on the Principle of Collective Responsibility; 5.7 Revenge Is Based upon Strict Liability; 5.8 Conclusion: Revenge Versus Retribution; 5.9 Is Revenge Morally Permissible?; 5.10 Revenge, Retribution, and Honor; Chapter 6: What Is the Purpose of Retribution?; 6.1 The Intending Harm Requirement
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.2 Assessing the "Intending Harm Requirement"6.3 The Purpose of Revenge; 6.4 Punishment and Honor; 6.5 Honor and Punishment; 6.6 Intending Harm Versus Defending Honor; 6.7 From Private Revenge to Societal Punishment; 6.8 Retribution and Intentional Harm; 6.9 Honor and Impartiality; 6.10 The Expressive Theory Revisited; Chapter 7: Making Sense of Honor; 7.1 The Descriptive Claim and the Evolutionary Alternative; 7.2 The Value of Honor; 7.3 Is Honor Essentially External?; 7.4 The External Honor Thesis; 7.5 Five Interpretations of the External Honor Thesis; 7.6 Is Honor External?
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 8: Is Punishment Justified?
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789400748019
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 358 p. 15 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Phenomenology and the human positioning in the cosmos
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift 2011 ; Phänomenologie ; Weltall ; Natur
    Abstract: The classic conception of human transcendental consciousness assumes its self-supporting existential status within the horizon of life-world, nature and earth. Yet this assumed absoluteness does not entail the nature of its powers, neither their constitutive force. This latter call for an existential source reaching beyond the generative life-world network. Transcendental consciousness, having lost its absolute status (its point of reference) it is the role of the logos to lay down the harmonious positioning in the cosmic sphere of the all, establishing an original foundation of phenomenology in the primogenital ontopoiesis of life
    Description / Table of Contents: PHENOMENOLOGY AND THE HUMAN POSITIONING IN THE COSMOS; Acknowledgements; Contents; Cosmo-Transcendental Positioning of the Living Being in the Universe in Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka's New Enlightenment; Part I; Cosmos, the Meaningful Construct; Cosmos, a Design with Meaning: Plato; Will, a Natural Power: Epicurus; Meaning and Value in Modern Science; Competing Concepts of the Cosmos in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries; Humanists, Classical Revival and the Hermetic Tradition; Bacon, the Paracelsans and the Organic Tradition; Descartes and the Mechanical Tradition
    Description / Table of Contents: Henry More, Anne Conway and KabbalahCosmos and Scientific Practices in Ancient Greek and Ancient Chinese Thought: A Comparative Interpretation; Ch'i and Li Versus Conflicting Forces and Laws; Ch'i and Li; A Comparative Interpretation; Part II; Apel's Project of Cognitive Anthropology for Non-Western World and a Supplement of Muslim Proposal; Apel's Cognitive Anthropology; Ahistoricality of Meanings and the Islamic-Hermeneutic Reflexivity; Conclusion; El Horizonte Rítmico Del Lenguaje (Trasfondo Fenomenológico En Las Coplas De Jorge Manrique); Kinds of Guise Bundles
    Description / Table of Contents: Towards a Rough Doctrine of Guise-Bundle CategoriesBibliography; Enmeshed Experience in Architecture: Understanding the Affordances of the Old Galata Bridge in Istanbul; Introduction; Interpretive Framework for Enmeshed Experience; Understanding the Affordances of Istanbul and the Old Galata Bridge; Concluding Remarks; References; Part III; Plato on Return to the Nature; Bibliography; Nature's Value and Nature's Future; Towards the Wholes (Holism); Nature's Future; Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka's Views and Environmental Ethics; References
    Description / Table of Contents: (Mis)Triangulated Human Positioning in the Cosmos: (Un)Covering the (Meta) Physical Identity of Agents of Good and Evil in Head and SilkoReferences; Beyond the Human-Nature Dualism: Towards a Concept of Nature as Part of the Life-World; Introduction; Settling the Dualism: Descartes' Dream; Husserl's Criticism: How a Dream Became a Crisis; Beyond the Divide; Conclusion; References; Metaphysics and the Concept of World in Rudolph Carnap and Moritz Schlick; Construction Theory and the Elementarerlebnisse; The Physical Account Provided in Weltbegriff and the Psychical Dimension
    Description / Table of Contents: About the Experience and Objectivity of Factual "States of Affairs"Part IV; Nature: Sealing the Humanness. Applying Phenomenology of Life to a Romanian Artistic Work; References; The Path of Truth: From Absolute to Reality, from Point to Circle; Introduction; The Point According to Medieval Eastern and Western Thinkers; The Creation Process from the Absolute to the Relative; The Process of Cognition - From the Point to the Circle; Conclusion; References; Newton's Phenomena and Malay Cosmology: A Comparative Perspective; Introduction; Newton's Cosmology; Malay Cosmology; Conclusion; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Peering Through the Keyhole (The Phenomenology and Ontology of Cyberspace in Contemporary Societies)
    Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION -- Cosmo-Transcendental Positioning of the Living Being in the Universe in Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s New Enlightenment; Jadwiga S. Smith -- SECTION I -- Cosmos, the Meaningful Construct; Halil Turan -- Competing Conceptions of the Cosmos in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries; Oliver W. Holmes -- Call of Philosophising as “Dichten”: Writing-Voicing-Listening-Reciting in Pace with the Rhyming Pulse of Cosmos as Tota Simulteitas; Erkut Sezgin -- "Cosmos" and Scientific Practices in Ancient Greek and Ancient Chinese Thought: A Comparative Interpretation; Sinan Kadir Celik -- SECTION 2 -- Apel's Project of Cognitive Anthropology for Non-Western World and a Supplement of Muslim Proposal; Abdul Rahim Afaki -- The Rhythmic Horizon of Language (Phenomenological Foundations of Jorge Manrique’s Coplas); Antonio Dominguez Rey -- A Subjectivist Inquiry Concerning Intrinsic Value in Environmental Ethics; Ayhan Sol and Selma Aydin Bayram -- Kinds of Guise Bundles; Semiha Akinci -- Enmeshed Experience in Architecture: Understanding the Affordances of the Old Galata Bridge in Istanbul; Semra Aydinly -- SECTION III -- Plato on Return to the Nature; Olena Shkubulyani -- Nature’s Value and Nature’s Future; Leszek Pyra -- (Mis)Triangulated Human Positioning in the Cosmos: (Un)Covering the (Meta)Physical Identity of Agents of Good and Evil in Head and Silko; Imafedia Okhamafe -- Beyond the Human-Nature Dualism.  Towards a Concept of Nature as Part of the Life-World; Karen Francois -- Metaphysics and the Concept of World in Rudolph Carnap and Moritz Schlick; Giuseppina Sgueglia -- SECTION IV -- Nature, Sealing the Humanness.  Applying Phenomenology of Life to a Romanian Artistic Work Carmen Cozma -- The Path of Truth: from Absolute to Reality, from Point to Circle; Konul Bunyadzade -- Newton's Phenomena and Malay Cosmology: A Comparative Perspective; A.L. Samian -- Peering Through the Keyhole (The Phenomenology and Ontology of Cyberspace in Contemporary Societies); J.C. Couceiro-Bueno -- SECTION V -- Reason and as the Frames and Partitions of the Temple of Life; Salahaddin Khalilov -- Direct Intuition: Strategies of Knowledge in the Phenomenology of Life, with Reference to the Philosophy of Illumination; Olga Louchakova-Schwartz -- What the Lake Said.  Amiel's New Phenomenology and Nature; Daria Gosek -- How Can Sisyphus be Happy with His Fate?; Sibel Oktar -- ADMINISTRATIVE APPENDIX -- Introducing Letter from Daniela Verducci Upon Her Inauguration as Vice-President of the World Phenomenology Institute (June 28, 2011); Daniela Verducci.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789400753358 , 1283945002 , 9781283945004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 229 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 30
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Public health ; Medicine ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Public health ; Medicine
    Abstract: In this book, an international group of philosophers, economists and theologians focus on the relationship between justice, luck and responsibility in health care. Together, they offer a thorough reflection on questions such as: How should we understand justice in health care? Why are health care interests so important that they deserve special protection? How should we value health? What are its functions and do these make it different from other goods? Furthermore, how much equality should there be? Which inequalities in health and health care are unfair and which are simply unfortunate? Which matters of health care belong to the domain of justice, and which to the domain of charity? And to what extent should we allow personal responsibility to play a role in allocating health care services and resources, or in distributing the costs? With this book, the editors meet a double objective. First, they provide a comprehensive philosophical framework for understanding the concepts of justice, luck and responsibility in contemporary health care; and secondly, they explore whether these concepts have practical force to guide normative discussions in specific contexts of health care such as prevention of infectious diseases or in matters of reproductive technology. Particular and extensive attention is paid to issues regarding end-of-life care.
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. Philosophy of health and health care -- pt. 2. Ethics of end-of-life care.
    Description / Table of Contents: General Introduction -- Justice and Responsibility in Health Care - An Introduction; Yvonne Denier, Chris Gastmans & Antoon Vandevelde -- Part 1: Philosophy of Health and Health Care Injustice and Inequality in Health and Health Care; Daniel M. Hausman -- Affirmative Action in Health; Shlomi Segall -- On Justice, Luck and Moral Responsibility Concerning Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis; Yvonne Denier -- Mutual Moral Obligations in the Prevention of Infectious Diseases; Jeroen Luyten -- Justice and Responsibility in Health, Care General Discussion and Conclusions of Part 1; Antoon Vandevelde -- Part 2: Ethics of End-of-Life Care; Is There a Duty to Die in Europe? If Not Now, When?; John Hardwig -- The Duty to Care. Democratic Equality and Responsibility for End-of-Life Health Care; Martin Gunderson -- Dignity Enhancing Care for Persons with Dementia and its Application to Advance Euthanasia Directives; Chris Gastmans -- The Authority of Advance Directives; Govert den Hartogh -- The Wreckage of Our Flesh. Dementia, Autonomy and Personhood; Thomas Nys -- On the Sacred Character of Human Life and Death; General Discussion and Conclusions of Part 2; Herman De Dijn -- Epilogue -- How to Move Forward?; Paul Schotsmans. Index. .
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789400753013
    Language: English
    Pages: xliv, 137 p. , ill.
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    Keywords: Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Electronic books
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789400751736 , 1283935961 , 9781283935968
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 182 p. 6 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in Brain and Mind 5
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Irvine, Elizabeth Consciousness as a scientific concept
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Psychological tests and testing ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Psychological tests and testing ; Consciousness physiology ; Consciousness ; Bewusstsein ; Philosophie ; Naturwissenschaften ; Bewusstsein ; Philosophie ; Naturwissenschaften
    Abstract: The source of endless speculation and public curiosity, our scientific quest for the origins of human consciousness has expanded along with the technical capabilities of science itself and remains one of the key topics able to fire public as much as academic interest. Yet many problematic issues, identified in this important new book, remain unresolved. Focusing on a series of methodological difficulties swirling around consciousness research, the contributors to this volume suggest that ‘consciousness’ is, in fact, not a wholly viable scientific concept. Supporting this ‘eliminativist‘ stance are assessments of the current theories and methods of consciousness science in their own terms, as well as applications of good scientific practice criteria from the philosophy of science. For example, the work identifies the central problem of the misuse of qualitative difference and dissociation paradigms, often deployed to identify measures of consciousness. It also examines the difficulties that attend the wide range of experimental protocols used to operationalise consciousness-and the implications this has on the findings of integrative approaches across behavioural and neurophysiological research. The work also explores the significant mismatch between the common intuitions about the content of consciousness, that motivate much of the current science, and the actual properties of the neural processes underlying sensory and cognitive phenomena. Even as it makes the negative eliminativist case, the strong empirical grounding in this volume also allows positive characterisations to be made about the products of the current science of consciousness, facilitating a re-identification of target phenomena and valid research questions for the mind sciences.​
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: The Science of Consciousness -- 2. Subjective Measures of Consciousness -- 3. Measures of Consciousness and the Method of Qualitative Differences -- 4. Dissociations and Consciousness -- 5. Converging on Consciousness -- 6. Mechanisms of Consciousness and Scientific Kinds -- 7. Content-Matching: The case of Sensory memory and phenomenal consciousness -- 8. Content-Matching: The contents of what? -- 9. Scientific Eliminativism: Why there can be no Science of Consciousness -- 10. Conclusion -- Appendix: Dice Game -- ​.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789400747463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 631 p. 73 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 27
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: This book reconstructs key aspects of the early career of Descartes from 1618 to 1633; that is, up through the point of his composing his first system of natural philosophy, Le Monde, in 1629-33. It focuses upon the overlapping and intertwined development of Descartes’ projects in physico-mathematics, analytical mathematics, universal method, and, finally, systematic corpuscular-mechanical natural philosophy. The concern is not simply with the conceptual and technical aspects of these projects; but, with Descartes’ agendas within them and his construction and presentation of his intellectual identity in relation to them. Descartes’ technical projects, agendas and senses of identity shifted over time, entangled and displayed great successes and deep failures, as he morphed from a mathematically competent, Jesuit trained graduate in neo-Scholastic Aristotelianism to aspiring prophet of a systematised corpuscular-mechanism, passing through stages of being a committed physico-mathematicus, advocate of a putative ‘universal mathematics’, and projector of a grand methodological dream. In all three dimensions-projects, agendas and identity concerns-the young Descartes struggled and contended, with himself and with real or virtual peers and competitors, hence the title ‘Descartes-Agonistes’. ​
    Description / Table of Contents: Descartes-Agonistes; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction: Problems of Descartes and the Scientific Revolution; 1.1 Prologue: The 'Young' and the 'Mature' Descartes, Natural Philosopher; 1.2 Descartes and the Historians of Science; 1.3 Key Pitfalls (and Opportunities) Facing Descartes' Biographers (Even Authors of Quite Truncated Biographies); 1.3.1 The Problem of Method and Its Texts: Regulae and Discours; 1.3.2 The Problem of Descartes the Natural Philosopher, and of Natural Philosophy as a Wide and Dynamic Field of Discourse and Contention
    Description / Table of Contents: 1.3.3 Scientific Biography and the Historiography of Science1.4 Overview of the Argument; References; Works of Descartes and Their Abbreviations; Other; Chapter 2: Conceptual and Historiographical Foundations-Natural Philosophy, Mixed Mathematics, Physico-mathematics, Method; 2.1 Jesuit neo-Scholasticism for the noblesse de robe; 2.2 In Search of Proper Categories and Angle of Attack; 2.3 Constructing the Category of Natural Philosophy, Part 1-Natural Philosophizing as Culture and Process; 2.4 Some Heuristic Help: Modeling Modern Sciences as Unique, Agonal Traditions in Process
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.5 Constructing the Category of Natural Philosophy, Part 2: The Dynamics and Rules of Contestation of Natural Philosophizing2.5.1 Articulation on Subordinate Disciplines: Grammar and Specific Utterance; 2.5.2 Find or Steal Discoveries, Novelties or Facts, Including Experimental Ones; 2.5.3 Bend or Brake Aristotle's Rules About Mathematics and Natural Philosophy: The Gambit of 'Physico-Mathematics'; 2.5.4 "Hot Spots" of Articulation Contest: Additional Causes and Effects of Heightened Turbulence in the Field of Natural Philosophizing
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.5.5 Modeling System Construction and Contestation - The 'Core', 'Vertical' and 'Horizontal' Dimensions of a Natural Philosophical System2.5.6 The Mechanics of Responding to 'Outside' Challenges and Opportunities; 2.6 The Special Status of the Problem of Method; 2.7 Phases and Stages in the 'Scientific Revolution' Seen as an Unfolding Process in the Field of Natural Philosophizing, with Its Attendant Articulations to Other Domains; 2.8 Looking Forward-What Kind of Natural Philosopher/Physico-Mathematician Was René Descartes?; References; Works of Descartes and Their Abbreviations; Other
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 3: 'Recalled to Study'-Descartes, Physico-Mathematicus3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Beeckman: Mentor and Colleague in Physico-Mathematics and Natural Philosophy; 3.2.1 Corpuscular-Mechanical Natural Philosophy and the Values of the Practical Arts; 3.2.2 Beeckman's Causal Register, Principles of Mechanics and Version of Physico-Mathematics; 3.3 Exemplary Physico-Mathematics: The Hydrostatics Manuscript of 1619; 3.3.1 Stevin, Archimedes and the Hydrostatic Paradox; 3.3.2 The Hydrostatics Manuscript [1] The Micro-Corpuscular Reduction; 3.3.3 The Hydrostatics Manuscript [2] The Force of Motion
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.4 What's the Agenda: Descartes' Radical Form of Physico-Mathematics
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Problems of Descartes and the Scientific Revolution -- Conceptual and Historiographical Foundations.-  Recalled to Study: Descartes Physico-Mathematicus  Descartes Opticien: The Optical Triumph of the 1620s -- nalytical Mathematics, Universal Mathematics and Method: Descartes’ Identity and Agenda Entering the 1620s.- Method and the Problem of the Historical Descartes.-  Universal Mathematics Interruptus: The Program of the later Regulae and its Collapse 1626-28 -- Reinventing the Agenda and Identity: Descartes, Physico-mathematical Philosopher of Nature 1629-33.-  Reading Le Monde as Pedagogy and Fable -- Waterworld: Descartes’ Vortical Celestial Mechanics and Cosmological Optics in Le Monde. - Le Monde as a System of Natural Philosophy -- Cosmography, Realist Copernicanism and Systematising Strategy in the Principia Philosophiae -- Conclusion: The Young and the Mature Descartes Agonistes -- Appendix 1 Descartes, Mydorge and Beeckman: The Evolution of Cartesian Lens Theory 1627-1637.-  Appendix 2 Decoding Descartes’ Vortex Celestial Mechanics in the Text of Le Monde.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400753518 , 1283936070 , 9781283936071
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 315 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 298
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Agassi, Joseph, 1927 - 2023 The very idea of modern science
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science ; Europe ; History ; 16th century ; Science ; Europe ; History ; 17th century ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Citizen Science ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Citizen Science
    Abstract: This book is a study of the scientific revolution as a movement of amateur science. It describes the ideology of the amateur scientific societies as the philosophy of the Enlightenment Movement and their social structure and the way they made modern science such a magnificent institution. It also shows what was missing in the scientific organization of science and why it gave way to professional science in stages. In particular the book studies the contributions of Sir Francis Bacon and of the Hon. Robert Boyle to the rise of modern science. The philosophy of induction is notoriously problematic, yet its great asset is that it expressed the view of the Enlightenment Movement about science. This explains the ambivalence that we still exhibit towards Sir Francis Bacon whose radicalism and vision of pure and applied science still a major aspect of the fabric of society. Finally, the book discusses Boyle’s philosophy, his agreement with and dissent from Bacon and the way he single-handedly trained a crowd of poorly educated English aristocrats and rendered them into an army of able amateur researchers.​
    Description / Table of Contents: The Very Idea of ModernScience; Abstract; Preface; Acknowledgement; Contents; Part I: Bacons Doctrine of Prejudice (A Study in a Renaissance Religion); Introductory Note; Chapter 1: The Riddle of Bacon; 1.1 The Problem of Methodology; 1.2 The Criticism of Bacon's Writings; 1.3 The Past Suggested Solutions; Chapter 2: Bacon's Philosophy of Discovery; 2.1 Bacon's Utopianism; 2.2 Bacon's Metaphysics; 2.3 Bacon's Induction; 2.4 Bacon's Inductive Machine; Chapter 3: Ellis' Major Difficulty; Chapter 4: The Function of the Doctrine of Prejudice; 4.1 Radicalism; 4.2 Radicalism Invented
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.3 Radical MethodologyChapter 5: Bacon on the Origin of Error and Prejudice; Chapter 6: Prejudices of the Senses; 6.1 The Problem of Observation; 6.2 Prejudices of the Senses; 6.3 Bacon's Theory of Discovery; 6.4 Whewell's Theory of Discovery; 6.5 Popper's Theory of Discovery; 6.6 Bacon's "Mark" of Science; Chapter 7: Prejudices of Opinions; 7.1 Suspension of Judgment; 7.2 What Is a Prejudice?; 7.3 Bacon and the Logical Empiricists; 7.4 Bacon's Double Game; 7.5 The Origin of Scientific Theories; 7.6 Science and Imagination; Chapter 8: Bacon's Influence; 8.1 Influence on Immediate Posterity
    Description / Table of Contents: 8.2 Permission to Propose a Hypothesis and to Assert Metaphysics8.3 Permission De Jure and de Facto; 8.4 Legitimation Versus Criticism; 8.5 Bacon's Influence; Chapter 9: Conclusion : The Rise of the Riddle of Bacon; Part II: The Religion of Inductivism as a Living Force; Quasi-Terminological Notes; "The Inductive Style"; "Speculation" and "Hypothesis"; "Hypothesis" and "Fact"; On the Recent Literature; Homage to Robert Boyle; Chapter 10: Philosophical Background; 10.1 Inductivism Classical and Modern; 10.2 Metaphysical Views, Classical and Modern; 10.3 The Doctrine of Prejudice
    Description / Table of Contents: 10.4 The Moral Code of the Fraternity10.5 Conclusion; Chapter 11: The Social Background of Classical Science; 11.1 Researchers as Amateurs; 11.2 Researchers as Experts; 11.3 Researchers as Inventors; 11.4 Researchers as Dilettantes; Chapter 12: The Missing Link Between Bacon and the Royal Society; 12.1 The Rise of the Royal Society; 12.2 Boyle's Spirit; 12.3 Boyle's Views on the Spread of Science; Chapter 13: Boyle in the Eyes of Posterity; 13.1 The Eighteenth Century; 13.2 Herschel's Unfair Comment; 13.3 Who Discovered Boyle's Law?; 13.4 Modern Views on Boyle; 13.5 Conclusion
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 14: The Inductive Style14.1 The Discussion of Style; 14.2 The Inductive Style Versus the Argumentative Style; 14.3 Reporting on Experiments and Writing Systems; 14.4 Boyle on some Systems; 14.5 Thinking and Experimenting; 14.6 The Inductive Style; 14.7 Encyclopedia of Facts or a Just History of Nature; 14.8 Boyle's Promiscuous Experiments; 14.9 Boyle on Attempts to Create some Theories; 14.10 Methodological Tolerance; 14.11 The Usefulness of Hypotheses; 14.12 Civilized Argument; 14.13 Boyle on the Method of Quoting; 14.14 Circumstantial Descriptions A: The Problem
    Description / Table of Contents: 14.15 Circumstantial Descriptions B: Recent Solutions
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Acknowledgement -- PART I: BACONS DOCTRINE OF PREJUDICE -- (A study in a Renaissance Religion) Introductory Note -- I The Riddle of Bacon -- (1)  The Problem of Methodology -- (2)    II Bacon’s Philosophy of Discovery -- III Ellis’ Major Difficulty -- IV The Function of the Doctrine of Prejudice -- V Bacon on the origin of error and prejudice -- VI Prejudices of the Senses -- VII Prejudices of Opinions -- VIII Bacon’s Influence -- IX Conclusion: The rise of the commonwealth of learning -- PART II: A RELIGION OF INDUCTIVISM AS A LIVING FORCE -- A Quasi-Terminological Note -- On the recent literature -- Homage to Robert Boyle -- I Background Material -- II The social background of classical science -- III The Missing Link between Bacon and the Royal Society of London -- IV Boyle in the Eyes of Posterity -- V The Inductive Style -- VI Mechanism -- VII The new doctrine of prejudice -- Appendices. ​.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400754010
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 382 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 209
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Perreau, Laurent, 1976 - Le monde social selon Husserl
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Philosophie ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Phänomenologie ; Sozialphilosophie
    Abstract: Cette étude est consacrée à l'examen de la théorie du monde social qui se découvre dans la phénoménologie d’Edmund Husserl : est-elle à même de dire les phénomènes sociaux, sur quel mode et avec quels résultats ?Dans un premier moment, nous reconstituons le propos des deux « ontologies sociales » qui pensent le monde social en son essence et en ses essences : d’une part, l'ontologie de la région « monde social », subordonnée à la région de l'« esprit » et élaborée à partir d'une phénoménologie de la communication ; d’autre part, l'ontologie morphologique et eidétique des formes essentielles de communautés sociales. Dans un second moment, nous suivons l'élaboration d'une « sociologie transcendantale » qui reconsidère le rapport de la subjectivité transcendantale au monde social. Nous montrons comment les développements de la théorie de la personne dans la perspective de la phénoménologie génétique, qui semblent nous détourner de la considération de sa socialité, précisent en réalité le rapport du sujet personnel au monde social sous l'angle de sa « mienneté », de l'habitualité et de la familiarité d'une part, et dans la perspective d'une éthique sociale d'autre part. On établit enfin comment, autour de la Krisis, la théorie du monde de la vie fournit le cadre théorique d'une « sociologie transcendantale » qui se développe, sur le fond d'une anthropologie du monde commun, comme théorie de la générativité. De l'ontologie sociale à la sociologie transcendantale, cette recherche est conçue comme une investigation des ressources et des difficultés de la voie d'accès à la réduction transcendantale par l'ontologie, relativement à la question du « social ».Remarquable enquête menée sur l'expérience sociale du sujet, la phénoménologie husserlienne du monde social est susceptible d’intéresser le sociologue tout autant que le philosophe qui s’interroge sur la nature du « social » en général
    Description / Table of Contents: Le Monde Social Selon Husserl; Remerciements; Table des Matières; Abréviations; Remarques générales; Abréviations retenues pour les références aux œuvres de Husserl; Chapitre 1: Introduction générale : comment dire les phénomènes sociaux?; 1.1 L'idée d'une phénoménologie du monde social; 1.2 Vers une «sociologie transcendantale»; 1.3 Les préventions à l'égard de la phénoménologie husserlienne du monde social; 1.3.1 Les limites d'une philosophie du sujet; 1.3.2 Les prestiges de l'alter ego; 1.3.3 La supposée inconsistance du propos husserlien sur le monde social
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.2.2 Le rapport à la personne autre comme foyer expressif3.3 La communication effective; 3.3.1 La prise de «contact» ( Berührung); 3.3.2 L'échange réciproque; 3.3.3 Le rapport Je-Tu et la synthèse de recouvrement; 3.3.4 La formation du «consensus» ( Einverständnis); Chapitre 4: La région ontologique «monde social»; 4.1 La pulsion sociale; 4.1.1 La pulsion sociale comme pulsion socialisée (pulsion sexuelle et pulsion maternelle); 4.1.2 La pulsion sociale comme puissance de socialisation; 4.1.3 La pulsion sociale comme tendance primaire à la communautisation
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2 La théorie des «actes sociaux» : du monde de la communication ( kommunikative Welt) à la communauté de volonté ( Willensgemeinschaft)4.3 Les «personnalités d'ordre supérieur»; 4.3.1 Sur le sens de l'expression «d'ordre supérieur» (höhere Ordnung); 4.3.2 La dimension «personnelle» de la communauté sociale; 4.3.3 L'unité normative des «personnalités d'ordre supérieur»; 4.3.4 La distinction phénoménologique des «personnalités d'ordre supérieur»; Deuxième partie: les formes essentielles du monde social; Chapitre 5: Vers une morpho-typique eidétique du monde social
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.1 Du projet général d'une élucidation des particularités conceptuelles des sciences sociales à l'idée d'une morphologie eidétique du monde social
    Description / Table of Contents:  REMERCIEMENTS -- TABLE DES MATIÈRES -- ABRÉVIATIONS -- Abréviations retenues pour les références aux œuvres de Husserl -- Introduction : dire les phénomènes sociaux -- PREMIERE PARTIE : ONTOLOGIES DU MONDE SOCIAL -- Introduction -- SECTION I : La région « monde social » -- Chapitre I : De l’esprit au monde social.- Chapitre II. La communication comme forme élémentaire de la vie sociale.- Chapitre III. La région ontologique « monde social » -- SECTION II : Les formes essentielles du monde social -- Chapitre IV : Vers une morpho-typique éïdétique du monde social.- Chapitre V : De quelques formes essentielles du monde social.- SECONDE PARTIE : VERS UNE « SOCIOLOGIE TRANSCENDANTALE » -- SECTION III : Sujet personnel et monde social. Problémes et difficultés d’une définition transcendantale de la personne -- Chapitre VI : Problèmes et difficultés d’une théorie de la personne dans les Ideen II.- Chapitre VII. La genèse passive de la personne : l’appropriation habituelle, typique et familière du monde environnant.- Chapitre VIII. La genèse active de la personne.- Conclusion de la section III  -- Section IV : DU MONDE DE LA VIE AU MONDE SOCIAL -- Introduction : De la question de la genèse personnelle de soi aux problèmes de la prédonation de l’expérience sociale -- Chapitre IX : De la théorie du monde de la vie à la théorie du monde social.-Chapitre X : Le monde de la vie comme monde commun : le fondement anthropologique de la sociologie transcendantale.- Chapitre XI : La theorie de la générativité comme theorie de la relativisation socio-historique de l’expérience communautaire.- Conclusion -- Bibliographie -- Index Nominum.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400753044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 243 p. 6 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 363
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Functions
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Neurosciences ; Metaphysics ; Science Philosophy ; Evolution (Biology) ; Anthropology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Neurosciences ; Metaphysics ; Science Philosophy ; Evolution (Biology) ; Anthropology ; Teleology ; Causation ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Funktion ; Wissenschaft
    Abstract: This volume handles in various perspectives the concept of function and the nature of functional explanations, topics much discussed since two major and conflicting accounts have been raised by Larry Wright and Robert Cummins’s papers in the 1970s. Here, both Wright’s ‘etiological theory of functions’ and Cummins’s ‘systemic’ conception of functions are refined and elaborated in the light of current scientific practice, with papers showing how the ‘etiological’ theory faces several objections and may in reply be revisited, while its counterpart became ever more sophisticated, as researchers discovered fresh applications for it. Relying on a firm knowledge of the original positions and debates, this volume presents cutting-edge research evincing the complexities that today pertain in function theory in various sciences. Alongside original papers from authors central to the controversy, work by emerging researchers taking novel perspectives will add to the potential avenues to be followed in the future. Not only does the book adopt no a priori assumptions about the scope of functional explanations, it also incorporates material from several very different scientific domains, e.g. neurosciences, ecology, or technology. In general, functions are implemented in mechanisms; and functional explanations in biology have often an essential relation with natural selection. These two basic claims set the stage for this book’s coverage of investigations concerning both ‘functional’ explanations, and the ‘metaphysics’ of functions. It casts new light on these claims, by testing them through their confrontation with scientific developments in biology, psychology, and recent developments concerning the metaphysics of realization. Rather than debating a single theory of functions, this book presents the richness of philosophical issues raised by functional discourse throughout the various sciences.​
    Description / Table of Contents: Functions: selection and mechanisms; Acknowledgements; Contents; Introduction; 1 The Theories of Function and the Current Issues; 2 Position and Structure of This Book; 3 Contributions in Detail; References; Part I: Biological Functions and Functional Explanations: Genes, Cells, Organisms and Ecosystems - Functions, Organization and Development in Life Sciences; Evolution and the Stability of Functional Architectures; 1 A Concept of Function; 2 A General Form for Attributions of Function and Some of Its Consequences; 3 Small Mutations as the Raw Material for Changes in Functional Organization
    Description / Table of Contents: 4 Generative Entrenchment and the Stability of Deep Functions5 Multiple Realization, Stability, Robustness, and Evolvability; 6 Deep Function and the Limitations of a Selectionist Account of Function; 7 Two Modes of Descriptive Abstraction for Function; 8 Conclusion; References; Mechanism, Emergence, and Miscibility: The Autonomy of Evo-Devo; 1 Mechanism; 2 Emergence; 2.1 Ontological Versus Explanatory Emergence; 2.2 Invariance and Explanation; 2.3 Completeness and Complementarity; 2.4 Autonomy; 2.5 Downward Explanation; 3 Miscibility; 4 The Autonomy of Evo-Devo
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.1 Two Conceptions of Adaptive Evolution4.2 Emergent Explanation in Evo-Devo; 5 Conclusion; References; Does Oxygen Have a Function, or Where Should the Regress of Functional Ascriptions Stop in Biology?; 1 Introduction; 2 Theories of Function: Three Families; 3 Functions and Levels of Organization; 4 Can Elementary Molecules Have a Function?; 5 Organisms and Above; 6 Conclusion; References; Part II: Biological Functions and Functional Explanations: Genes, Cells, Organisms and Ecosystems - Functional Pluralism for Biologists?
    Description / Table of Contents: How Ecosystem Evolution Strengthens the Case for Functional Pluralism1 Introduction; 2 Diversity Rules; 3 Looking Ahead; 4 Conclusion; References; A General Case for Functional Pluralism; 1 Mountain Geology; 2 The Analogous Situation in Biology; 3 Form, History, and Function; 4 Conclusion; References; Weak Realism in the Etiological Theory of Functions; 1 The Etiological Theory as a Realist Theory of Functions and Its Requisites; 2 The Weaknesses of SE; 2.1 Logical-Type Problem; 2.2 Problem of the Bundle of Effects; 3 Establish and Explain Functions; 3.1 Functional Organisation Schema
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.2 Design Counterfactual Analysis3.2.1 The Simple Case; 3.2.2 More Complicated Cases; 3.3 The Comparative Method; 3.4 Confronting Methods; 3.4.1 Divergent Results and Selection; 3.4.2 Etiological Theory?; 4 Conclusion; References; Part III: Psychology, Philosophy of Mind and Technology: Functions in a Man's World - Metaphysics, Function and Philosophy of Mind; Functions and Mechanisms: A Perspectivalist View; 1 Introduction; 2 What Makes a Neurotransmitter a Neurotransmitter?; 3 Mechanisms; 4 Levels of Mechanisms; 5 Explanation: The Mechanist's Stance
    Description / Table of Contents: 6 Etiological Explanation and Adaptational Functions
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Section I. Biological functions and functional explanations: genes, cells, organisms and ecosystems -- Part 1.A. Functions, organization and development in life sciences -- Chapter 1. William C. Wimsatt. Evolution and the Stability of Functional Architectures -- Chapter 2. Denis M. Walsh. Teleological Emergence: The Autonomy of Evo-Devo -- Chapter 3. Jean Gayon. Does oxygen have a function, or: where should the regress of biological functions stop? -- Part 1.B. Functional pluralism for biologists? Chapter 4. Frédéric Bouchard. How ecosystem evolution strengthens the case for functional pluralism -- Chapter 5. Robert N. Brandon. A general case for functional pluralism -- Chapter 6. Philippe Huneman. Weak realism in the etiological theory of functions -- Section 2. Section II. Psychology, philosophy of mind and technology: Functions in a man’s world -- Part 2.A. 2A. Metaphysics, function and philosophy of mind -- Chapter 7. Carl Craver. Functions and Mechanisms in Contemporary Neuroscience -- Chapter 8. Carl Gillett. Understanding the sciences through the fog of ‘functionalism(s).’ -- 2.B. Philosophy of technology , design and functions -- Chapter 9. Françoise Longy. Artifacts and Organisms: A Case for a New Etiological Theory of Functions -- Chapter 10. Pieter Vermaas and Wybo Houkes. Functions as Epistemic Highlighters: An Engineering Account of Technical, Biological and Other Functions -- Epilogue -- Larry Wright. Revising teleological explanations: reflections three decades on.     ​.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789400761100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 270 p. 4 illus., 3 illus. in color, digital)
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 107
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Coherence: insights from philosophy, jurisprudence and artificial intelligence
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Computers Law and legislation ; Law ; Law ; Genetic epistemology ; Computers Law and legislation ; Law ; Philosophy ; Sense of coherence ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kohärenz ; Rechtsphilosophie
    Abstract: This book is a thorough treatise concerned with coherence and its significance in legal reasoning. The individual chapters present the topic from the general philosophical perspective, the perspective of legal-theory as well as the viewpoint of cognitive sciences and the research on artificial intelligence and law. As it has turned out the interchange of knowledge among these disciplines is very fruitful for each of them, providing mutual inspiration and increasing understanding of a given topic. This book is a unique resource for anyone interested in the concept of coherence and the role it plays in reasoning. As this book captures important contemporary issues concerning the ongoing discussion on coherence and law, those interested in legal reasoning should find it particularly helpful. By presenting such a broad scope of views and methods on approaching the issue of coherence we hope to promote the general interest in the topic as well as the academic research that centers around coherence and law.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- About the Authors -- Table of Contents -- Three Kinds of Coherentism; Jaap Hage -- Coherence and Reliability in Judicial Reasoning; Stefan Schubert and Erik J. Olsson -- Coherence and Probability: A Probabilistic Account of Coherence; William Roche -- Coherence: An Outline in Six Metaphors and Four Rules; Juan Manuel Peréz Bermejo -- Legal Interpretation and Coherence; Bartosz Brożek -- Normative Inconsistency and Logical Theories. A First Critique of Defeasibilism; Giovanni Battista Ratti -- The Third Theory of Legal Objectivity; Aldo Schiavello -- Pattern Languages & Institutional Facts.Functions and Coherences in the Law; Kenneth Ehrenberg -- Consistency and Coherence in the “Hypertext” of Law. A Textological Approach; Wojciech Cyrul -- Case Classification, Similarities, Spaces of Reasons, and Coherences; Marcello Guarini -- Coherence as Constraint Satisfaction: Judicial Reasoning Support Mechanism; Jaromír Šavelka -- Limits of Constraint Satisfaction Theory of Coherence as a Theory of (Legal) Reasoning; Michał Araszkiewicz -- Ten Theses on Coherence in Law; Amalia Amaya.  Introduction -- About the Authors -- Table of Contents -- Three Kinds of Coherentism; Jaap Hage -- Coherence and Reliability in Judicial Reasoning; Stefan Schubert and Erik J. Olsson -- Coherence and Probability: A Probabilistic Account of Coherence; William Roche -- Coherence: An Outline in Six Metaphors and Four Rules; Juan Manuel Peréz Bermejo -- Legal Interpretation and Coherence; Bartosz Brożek -- Normative Inconsistency and Logical Theories. A First Critique of Defeasibilism; Giovanni Battista Ratti -- The Third Theory of Legal Objectivity; Aldo Schiavello -- Pattern Languages & Institutional Facts.Functions and Coherences in the Law; Kenneth Ehrenberg -- Consistency and Coherence in the “Hypertext” of Law. A Textological Approach; Wojciech Cyrul -- Case Classification, Similarities, Spaces of Reasons, and Coherences; Marcello Guarini -- Coherence as Constraint Satisfaction: Judicial Reasoning Support Mechanism; Jaromír Šavelka -- Limits of Constraint Satisfaction Theory of Coherence as a Theory of (Legal) Reasoning; Michał Araszkiewicz -- Ten Theses on Coherence in Law; Amalia Amaya.  .
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789400763432
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 352 p. 4 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 31
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als What makes us moral? on the Capacities and Conditions for Being Moral
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Consciousness ; Ethik ; Bedingung
    Abstract: This book addresses the question of what it means to be moral and which capacities one needs to be moral. It questions whether empathy is a cognitive or an affective capacity, or perhaps both. As most moral beings behave immorally from time to time, the authors ask which factors cause or motivate people to translate their moral beliefs into action? Specially addressed is the question of what is the role of internal factors such as willpower, commitment, character, and what is the role of external, situational and structural factors? The questions are considered from various (disciplinary) perspectives
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: What Makes Us Moral? An Introduction; 1.1 Why Be Moral; Why Are We Moral; What Makes Us Moral?; 1.2 Part I: Morality, Evolution and Rationality; 1.3 Part II: Morality and the Continuity Between Human and Nonhuman Primates; 1.4 Part III: Nativism and Non-nativism; 1.5 Part IV: Religion and (Im)Morality; 1.6 Part V: Morality Beyond Naturalism; References; Part I: Morality, Evolution and Rationality; Chapter 2: Rationality and Deceit: Why Rational Egoism Cannot Make Us Moral; 2.1 Human Cooperation and Evolutionary Altruism
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.2 Social Preferences Versus Selfish Cooperation2.3 Selfishness and Deceit; 2.4 A Theory of Morality as Disguised Selfishness; 2.5 Cooperation in a World of Selfish Agents; 2.6 Fallible Mind Reading Makes Our Value System Emerge; References; Chapter 3: Two Problems of Cooperation; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 What Is Cooperation?; 3.3 The Descriptive Problem; 3.4 The Normative Problem; 3.5 Connecting the Descriptive and the Normative; 3.6 Implications of the Convergence; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 4: The Importance of Commitment for Morality: How Harry Frankfurt's Concept of Care Contributes to Rational Choice Theory4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Puzzling Distance Between Morality and Economics; 4.3 Rational Choice Theory and Its Limitations; 4.4 Sen's Concept of Commitment and Beyond; 4.5 Sen's Concept of Meta-rankings; 4.6 Frankfurt on Autonomy and Rationality; A Matter of Caring (Not Desiring Alone); 4.7 Care and Morality: Opportunities for RCT; 4.8 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 5: Quantified Coherence of Moral Beliefs as Predictive Factor for Moral Agency
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.1 Coherence - From an Intuition to a Quantified Concept5.2 Coherence in Psychology; 5.3 The Suggestion of Paul Thagard; 5.4 Our Definition of Coherence; 5.5 Comparison to the Proposal of Thagard; 5.6 Outlining the (Possible) Causal Role of Coherence; 5.7 Coherence Types of Moral Belief Systems; 5.8 Conclusion; Appendix: Exposition of the Measure and Operationalization; References; Part II: Morality and the Continuity Between Human and Nonhuman Primates; Chapter 6: Animal Morality and Human Morality; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Definition of Morality; 6.3 Clusters of Moral Behaviour
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.4 Empathy, Concern for Others, and Helping Behaviour6.5 Behavioural Regularities and Norms; 6.6 Guidance by Norms in Human Morality; 6.7 Motivation by Moral Norms; 6.8 Disapproval and Punishment; 6.9 Animal Morality and Human Morality; 6.10 Animal Ethics and Animal Morality; 6.11 Conclusion; References; Chapter 7: Two Kinds of Moral Competence: Moral Agent, Moral Judge; 7.1 What Makes Us Moral? And the Continuism/ Discontinuism Debate; 7.2 The Epistemic Argument Against the Moral Agency/Moral Judgment Dissociation; 7.2.1 The Epistemic Conditions for Moral Responsibility
    Description / Table of Contents: 7.2.2 Moral Knowledge and Acting for Good Reasons
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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