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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (472)
  • OLC Ethnologie
  • Englisch  (472)
  • Ungarisch
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014  (472)
  • 2014  (472)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (472)
Datenlieferant
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Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014  (472)
Jahr
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264214064
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 269 S. , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Better Life Initiative
    Serie: Clio infra
    Paralleltitel: Online-Ausg. How Was Life?
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    Schlagwort(e): 1820-2010 ; Lebensqualität ; Soziale Lage ; Sozialgeschichte ; Geschichte ; Welt ; Well-being Statistics History ; Quality of life Statistics History ; Quality of Life ; Life Style ; Health Behavior ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Graue Literatur ; Menschheit ; Wohlbefinden ; Soziale Situation ; Wohlbefinden ; Geschichte 1820-2014
    Kurzfassung: "How was life in 1820, and how has it improved since then? What are the long-term trends in global well-being? Views on social progress since the Industrial Revolution are largely based on historical national accounting in the tradition of Kuznets and Maddison. But trends in real GDP per capita may not fully reflect changes in other dimensions of well-being such as life expectancy, education, personal security or gender inequality. Looking at these indicators usually reveals a more equal world than the picture given by incomes alone, but has this always been the case? The new report How Was Life? aims to fill this gap. It presents the first systematic evidence on long-term trends in global well-being since 1820 for 25 major countries and 8 regions in the world covering more than 80% of the world's population. It not only shows the data but also discusses the underlying sources and their limitations, pays attention to country averages and inequality, and pinpoints avenues for further research. The How Was Life? report is the product of collaboration between the OECD, the OECD Development Centre and the CLIO-INFRA project. It represents the culmination of work by a group of economic historians to systematically chart long-term changes in the dimensions of global well-being and inequality, making use of the most recent research carried out within the discipline. The historical evidence reviewed in the report is organised around 10 different dimensions of well-being that mirror those used by the OECD in its well-being report How's Life? (www.oecd.org/howslife), and draw on the best sources and expertise currently available for historical perspectives in this field. These dimensions are:per capita GDP, real wages, educational attainment, life expectancy, height, personal security, political institutions, environmental quality, income inequality and gender inequality."--Publisher
    Kurzfassung: Global well-being since 1820 -- Demographic trends since 1820 -- GDP per capita since 1820 -- Real wages since 1820 -- Education since 1820 -- Life expectancy since 1820 -- Human height since 1820 -- Personal security since 1820 -- Political institutions since 1820 -- Environmental quality since 1820 -- Income inequality since 1820 -- Gender inequality since 1820 -- A composite view of well-being since 1820
    Anmerkung: OECD better life initiative. - "This report is the product of a collaboration between the OECD and CLIO-INFRA project. It represents the culmination of work by a group of economic historians to systematically chart long-term changes in the dimensions of global well-being and inequality, making use of the most recent research carried out within the discipline." -- on back cover. - Includes bibliographical references
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Ausgabe: Online-Ressource Online-Ausg; [Online-Ausg.]
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.:
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.66
    Anmerkung: Online-Ausg.: , Online-Ausg; [Online-Ausg.]
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2014/10
    Schlagwort(e): Einkommensverteilung ; Stadtwachstum ; Stadtgröße ; Regionales Wachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this paper is to understand how income inequality is associated with economic growth in OECD regions and whether the degree and type of urban concentration affects this relationship. Both income inequality and urban concentration can be seen as patterns of resource allocation that are particularly interlinked at the regional level. We combine household survey data and macroeconomic databases, covering a period ranging from 2004 to 2012 for comparable regions in 15 OECD countries. Econometric results show that, at least for the short period under consideration, there is a general negative association between inequalities and economic growth, especially since the start of the economic crisis. This relationship is sensitive to the type of urban structure. Higher inequalities seem to be more detrimental for growth in large cities, while regions characterised by small cities and rural areas are less affected.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 4
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD green growth papers 2014, 02
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Now that pollution is reaching worrisome levels in some countries and at the global level, there is a growing consensus that it needs to be explicitly considered as a by-product of the production process and incorporated in economic decisions. But this is not easy in the absence of markets and observable prices. Shadow prices of pollution, the opportunity cost of abating pollution in the form of reduced output, have to be estimated using specific techniques and serve several purposes. It’s a signal firms have to take into consideration when they decide upon their investment decisions. Shadow prices can also inform policymakers when they set policies. They can be used to assess policy ex ante by comparing the marginal benefits of environment policies with the cost they involve for private firms. These prices can be seen as benchmark for allowance price in emission market-based schemes or can be useful in designing optimal environmental tax schemes. The indicator can also be used ex post and can be considered as a policy indicator of pollution regulation and compliance to these regulations. More generally such prices are used each time there is a need to value pollution...
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 15
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper aims to provide an introduction to and overview of the social investment market for policy makers in OECD and non-OECD countries. Social investment is the provision of finance to organisations with the explicit expectation of a social, as well as financial, return. Social investment has become increasingly relevant in today’s economic environment as social challenges have mounted while public funds in many countries are under pressure. New investment approaches are needed for addressing social and economic challenges, including new models of public and private partnership which can fund, deliver and scale innovative solutions from the ground up.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 6
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Ausgabe: Online-Ressource Online-Ausg; [Online-Ausg.]
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.:
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.68
    Anmerkung: Online-Ausg.: , Online-Ausg; [Online-Ausg.]
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264200630
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Serie: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Energieeinsparung ; Energieforschung ; Welt ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: Energy Policy Highlights showcases what the 28 IEA member countries identified as key recent developments in their energy policies. Each country contribution covers a range of energy-related topics, with best practices and policy examples from their respective governments, including objectives, characteristics, challenges and successes, and shared lessons. Each contribution underscores the changing nature of both global and domestic energy challenges, as well as the commonality of energy concerns among member countries. For example, many of the policies highlighted identify an urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a clear objective. Electricity, enhancing energy efficiency and increasing the share of renewables in the energy mix in a cost effective manner are likewise areas of common focus. Overall, the energy concerns reflect key areas of focus for the IEA – energy security, environmental protection and economic development. On the end-user side, increasing public awareness of domestic energy policies through improved transparency and engagement is an important facet of policy support among IEA member countries. The successful implementation of policies and other initiatives benefitted from efforts to inform the public. The IEA hopes that Energy Policy Highlights will provide a useful point of reference and dialogue for the 2013 IEA Ministerial, and will help advance the Agency’s well-established practice of co-operation and worldwide engagement through the sharing of experiences, best practices and lessons learned, among IEA member countries and partner countries alike.
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  • 8
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.26
    Schlagwort(e): Politische Kommunikation ; Social Web ; Welt ; Governance ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This working paper takes a comparative snapshot of social media use in and by OECD governments. The focus is on government institutions, as opposed to personalities, and how they manage to capture the opportunities of new social media platforms to deliver better public services and to create more open policy processes. The analysis is based on a large amount of empirical data, including a survey of OECD governments on policies and objectives in this area. Major challenges are discussed, notably those related to the uncertainty of institutions on how to best leverage social media beyond “corporate” communications. The paper proposes tools to guide decision makers: a checklist of issues to be considered by government institutions, a set of potential indicators to appraise impacts, and a range of options for more in-depth policy analysis.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (69 p.)
    Serie: OECD Trade and Environment Working Papers no.2014/03
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Trade ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses conceptually and empirically the extent to which the stringency of environmental regulations drives international trade in environmental goods. Many of the measures governments adopt to address issues such as local air and water pollution or GHG emissions take the form of regulations that aim to change the behaviour of firms or households. Compliance by private actors with those regulations in turn generates a growing market for environmental goods and services that is increasingly international in scope as more countries tighten their environmental regulations. Regulatory stringency thus spurs the development of a market for a whole range of equipment specifically meant for preventing and abating pollution, with important implications for international trade in such equipment. The different indicators of regulatory stringency considered in the present analysis generally support the notion that the stringency of environmental regulations positively affects countries’ specialisation in environmental products, even when considering specific sectors such as solid-waste management or wastewater treatment. While increased trade in environmental products is not an end in itself, the environmental benefits this entails can contribute to global improvements in environmental quality. By increasing demand for environmental products and technologies, environmental policy can complement trade policy in supporting pollution-reduction efforts not just domestically, but also abroad.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (65 p.)
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.163
    Schlagwort(e): Einkommensverteilung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In most OECD countries, the gap between rich and poor is at its highest level since 30 years. Today, the richest 10 per cent of the population in the OECD area earn 9.5 times the income of the poorest 10 per cent; in the 1980s this ratio stood at 7:1 and has been rising continuously ever since. However, the rise in overall income inequality is not (only) about surging top income shares: often, incomes at the bottom grew much slower during the prosperous years and fell during downturns, putting relative (and in some countries, absolute) income poverty on the radar of policy concerns. This paper explores whether such developments may have an impact on economic performance. Drawing on harmonised data covering the OECD countries over the past 30 years, the econometric analysis suggests that income inequality has a negative and statistically significant impact on subsequent growth. In particular, what matters most is the gap between low income households and the rest of the population. In contrast, no evidence is found that those with high incomes pulling away from the rest of the population harms growth. The paper also evaluates the “human capital accumulation theory” finding evidence for human capital as a channel through which inequality may affect growth. Analysis based on micro data from the Adult Skills Survey (PIAAC) shows that increased income disparities depress skills development among individuals with poorer parental education background, both in terms of the quantity of education attained (e.g. years of schooling), and in terms of its quality (i.e. skill proficiency). Educational outcomes of individuals from richer backgrounds, however, are not affected by inequality. It follows that policies to reduce income inequalities should not only be pursued to improve social outcomes but also to sustain long-term growth. Redistribution policies via taxes and transfers are a key tool to ensure the benefits of growth are more broadly distributed and the results suggest they need not be expected to undermine growth. But it is also important to promote equality of opportunity in access to and quality of education. This implies a focus on families with children and youths – as this is when decisions about human capital accumulation are made -- promoting employment for disadvantaged groups through active labour market policies, childcare supports and in-work benefits.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2014/12
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Stadtentwicklung ; Städtische Flächennutzung ; Wasserversorgung ; Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Energieversorgung ; Abfallwirtschaft ; Vergleich ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Asien ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The development of Asian cities is characterised by rapid and continuous urbanisation on an unprecedented scale, with rapid economic growth led in most places by the manufacturing industry, and rapidly increasing motorisation. The result has been escalating greenhouse gas emissions, sprawling urban development and local environmental impacts, as well as disparities in income, education levels and job opportunities in the urban population. These trends differ sharply from those in most of the OECD area and call for a green growth model that differs from those identified in previous OECD studies and that addresses the specific circumstances of Asian cities. This paper proposes an analytical framework for assessing policies for green growth in rapidly growing cities in the emerging world. It builds on Cities and Green Growth: A Conceptual Framework (Hammer et al., 2011) and is adapted to the urban policy context of dynamic Asia. Its three main elements are: i) identification of the key policy strategies for urban green growth in fast-growing Asian cities, highlighting similarities to and differences from OECD cities; ii) opportunities for green growth; and iii) enabling strategies for implementing urban green growth.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Serie: OECD Green Growth Papers no.2014/03
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Zambia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Embracing green growth can secure strong, stable and sustainable development. Green growth recognises and integrates the value of natural capital into economic decision-making and development planning, which is critical to avoid natural capital depletion, the worst of climate change and social and national security risks (OECD, 2013). This is particularly true for developing countries, because of their dependence on natural assets and acute exposure and vulnerability to environmental risks, ranging from air, water and soil pollution, as well as natural resource scarcity and extreme weather events exacerbated by climate change. A green growth policy framework recognises and aims to address both micro- and macro-level pressures that countries face to grow their economies, while also managing environmental risks. In poorer developing countries, micro-level pressures may include lack of access to basic services such as shelter, fuel, water; while macro-level pressures are threats to stable livelihoods due to...
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 12
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The increase in the human life span is a testament to the economic, social and medical progress made over the course of the last century. However, an ageing population brings some new challenges both to healthcare systems and to medicine in terms of the increased manifestation of specific diseases primarily seen in the elderly. Biomedical innovation, and in particular research into “omics technologies”, offers the promise of new means of detection, prevention and treatment of age-related disabilities and diseases. But the development of these new technologies will not be without challenges, in particular with respect to the difficulty of translating technological advances into innovation in the clinical setting. This report provides a synthesis of a March 2013 workshop organised by the OECD and the Human Genome Organisation (HGO) which focused on latest advances in omics technologies for healthy ageing and the policies and practices needed to facilitate their responsible development and integration in medical research, innovation and health policy.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 14
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 14
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Motivated by the ongoing interest of policy makers in the sources of job creation, this paper presents results from a new OECD project on the dynamics of employment (DynEmp) based on an innovative methodology using firm-level data (i.e. national business registers or similar sources). It demonstrates that among small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), young firms play a central role in creating jobs, whereas old SMEs tend to destroy jobs. This pattern holds robustly across 17 OECD countries and Brazil, extending recent evidence found in the United States. The paper also shows that young firms are always net job creators throughout the business cycle, even during the financial crisis. During the crisis, entry and post-entry growth by young firms were affected most heavily, although downsizing by old firms was responsible for most job losses. The results also highlight large cross-country differences in the growth potential of young firms, pointing to the role played by national policies in enabling successful firms to create jobs.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 17
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: As OECD countries emerge from the global financial crisis, several countries have published their plans for the development of a future bioeconomy, an economy in which bio-based materials and production techniques will contribute significantly to economic and environmental sustainability. Such plans typically involve building a bio-based production industry in which fuels, energy and materials such as chemicals and plastics, almost always generated from fossil resources such as oil and natural gas, are incrementally replaced by equivalent or novel products generated from renewable resources. The realisation of this vision will require sustainably harnessing the vast biomass resource. The highest policy priorities at present are on several levels: allowing bio-based materials to compete for biomass on price with bioelectricity and biofuels; rectifying the highly distorting fossil fuel subsidies, heading off future competition for crude oil demand; and correcting for any excessive regulatory impacts. If governments wish to realise a successful bioeconomy in the future, the case for support for bio-based chemicals and plastics warrants serious attention.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300255
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Serie: OECD skills strategy diagnostic report
    Serie: OECD Skills Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Qualifikation ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Österreich ; Education ; Employment ; Austria ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Skills are central to Austria’s future prosperity and the well-being of its people. The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report: Austria identifies 14 skills challenges for Austria. The project and this report build on both the insights from workshops as well as latest international comparative analysis from OECD and national sources. The report provides cases illustrating how other countries have tackled similar challenges, which can be used as input to potential policy options on how to tackle these challenges. The challenges are described under each of the main pillars of the OECD Skills Strategy. The first 11 challenges refer to specific outcomes across the three pillars of developing, activating and using skills. The next three challenges refer to the “enabling” conditions which strengthen the overall skills system. Success in tackling these skills challenges will boost performance across the whole skills system.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 17
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.74
    Schlagwort(e): Klimapolitik ; Politikfeldanalyse ; Lernen ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores methodological approaches that can be used to monitor and evaluate climate change adaptation initiatives at the projects and programme levels. It examines approaches that have been used in other areas of development practice to see what lessons have been learned that can inform the development of monitoring and evaluation frameworks targeted at adaptation. The paper focuses on three methodological challenges related to monitoring and evaluation that are particularly relevant for adaptation: i) assessing attribution, ii) establishing baselines and targets, and iii) dealing with long time horizons. The paper also considers the importance of on-going learning in evaluation and the benefit of applying a comprehensive approach to monitoring and evaluation, building on tested practices from participatory methods and social sciences techniques.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.76
    Schlagwort(e): Privater Haushalt ; Abfallvermeidung ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Ökonometrie ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report focusses on the determinants of household waste generation, the separation of recyclables and waste prevention behaviours. It presents the econometric results of follow-up analysis of the 2011 OECD Survey on Environmental Policy and Individual Behaviour Change (EPIC). This report complements the overview of the survey data provided in the publication « Greening Household Behaviour: Overview from the 2011 Survey - Revised edition » (2014)...
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.77
    Schlagwort(e): Privater Haushalt ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Zahlungsbereitschaftsanalyse ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report focuses on personal transport choices. It presents the results of follow-up analysis of the 2011 OECD Survey on Environmental Policy and Individual Behaviour Change (EPIC) survey where econometric techniques are applied. The report complements the overview of the survey data provided in the publication OECD (2014). The objective of the analysis is to understand the determinants of household choices in the following areas: the use of alternative modes of transportation car ownership, willingness-to-pay for an electric vehicles and the relative importance of environmental factors when buying a car. The results indicate that the choice of non-motorized modes of transportation is strongly correlated with the proximity of the destination and that attitudinal variables play only a minor role. The same is true for the use of public transport. Households that say that they trust information about environmental impact of products, are better educated about impact of private transport and are in favour of government actions to reduce CO2, tend to have a higher willingness to pay for electric vehicles.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 13
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Policy interest in demand-side initiatives has grown in recent years. This may reflect an expectation that demand-side policy could be particularly effective in steering innovation to meet societal needs. In addition, owing to constrained public finances in most OECD countries, the possibility that demand-side policies might be less expensive than direct support measures is attractive. Interest may also reflect some degree of disappointment with the outcomes of traditional supply-side measures. This paper reviews demand-side innovation policies, their rationales and importance across countries, different approaches to their design, the challenges entailed in their implementation and evaluation, and good practices. Three main forms of demand-side policy are considered: innovation-oriented public procurement, innovation-oriented regulations, and standards. Emphasis is placed on innovation-oriented public procurement.
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  • 21
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Ausgabe: Online-Ressource Online-Ausg; [Online-Ausg.]
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.:
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.69
    Anmerkung: Online-Ausg.: , Online-Ausg; [Online-Ausg.]
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (58 p.)
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.70
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Agrarproduktion ; Anpassung ; Bewässerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates how climate change can affect agricultural production and proposes some adaptation measures that could be undertaken to mitigate the negative effects of climate change while enhancing the positive ones. The paper stresses the importance of planned adaptation measures and highlights possible strategies for reducing risk and improving resilience. To quantify the possible effects of climate change and the effects of adaptation measures this study uses the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT). The analysis first explores the potential effects of climate change on yields and prices. It then goes on to analyse the potential impacts of two distinctive sets of adaptation strategies on yields, prices, and food security, namely: i) research and development (to develop new crop varieties that are better suited to changed climate conditions) and ii) changes in irrigation technology. Last, the analysis in this paper estimates the public and private investment needs in research and development (R&D) for developing new crop varieties, and further develops estimates of the cost of improving irrigation technologies in OECD countries.
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  • 23
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.71
    Schlagwort(e): Lebensmittel ; Lieferkette ; Abfallvermeidung ; Kommunale Abfallwirtschaft ; Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Reducing food losses and food waste is attracting growing public attention at the international, regional, and national levels, and is widely acknowledged to contribute to abating interlinked sustainability challenges such as food security, climate change, and water shortage. However, the pattern and scale of food waste throughout the supply chain remains poorly understood, despite growing media coverage and public concerns in recent years. This paper takes stock of available data on food waste and explores policies related to food waste in OECD countries.
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  • 24
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.79
    Schlagwort(e): Umweltpolitik ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Haushaltsstatistik ; Ökonometrie ; Australien ; Kanada ; Chile ; Frankreich ; Israel ; Japan ; Korea ; Niederlande ; Spanien ; Schweden ; Schweiz ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The second round of the OECD Survey on Environmental Policy for Individual Behaviour Change (EPIC) was implemented in 2011. A publication providing an overview of the survey data from over 12 000 households in eleven countries (Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland) is available.1 Follow-up econometric analyses were conducted in each of the thematic areas covered (energy, food, transport, waste and water), as well as on cross-domain comparisons in environmental attitudes and behaviours.2 This report presents a synthesis of main results from econometric analysis using the data from the 2011 EPIC survey, as well as policy implications.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
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  • 25
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD green growth papers 2014, 01
    Serie: Cities and regions
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Multifactor productivity (MFP) is increasingly used in economic policy, not least to compute potential output. Most measures are based on a standard production function combining labour and capital, but do not incorporate the negative by-products of the production process such as air pollution that could have deleterious effect on health and productivity in the medium to long term (see for instance OECD (2014)). The failure to account for the costs of environmental damages and the benefits associated with emission reduction impart a bias to standard measures of MFP. Ignoring these dimensions can give a misleading idea of growth prospects over the medium to long term...
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  • 26
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 16
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Industrial policy, broadly defined, covers a multitude of policy instruments and approaches. While there has been a recent revival of interest in industrial policy around the world, systematic evidence of efficacy is relatively scarce. This report brings together the work of an OECD expert group that has considered recent evidence from the evaluation of industrial policy. The report focuses on three specific policy areas, namely: support for R&D; capital market interventions (with a focus on risk capital); and public procurement for innovation. The report also examines three areas where packages of industrial policy measures are generally applied: sector approaches including public-private partnerships; policies towards clusters and business networks; and national industrial strategies. In many areas of industrial policy, evaluation faces particular methodological challenges. These challenges are outlined in the report, which concludes by drawing together the main policy lessons from the available evaluation evidence.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 27
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment
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  • 28
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221741
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Serie: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Guidance on Developing Safety Performance Indicators (“Guidance on SPI”) was prepared to assist enterprises that wish to implement and/or review Safety Performance Indicator Programmes. The three chapters in this Guidance are designed to help enterprises better understand safety performance indicators, and how to implement SPI Programmes. Specifically, Chapter 1 provides important background information on the Guidance and on SPIs more generally including (i) a description of the target audience for this Guidance, (ii) defi nitions of SPIs and related terms, and (iii) insights on the reasons for implementing an SPI Programme. Chapter 2 sets out a seven-step process for implementing an SPI Programme, along with three examples of how different types of enterprises might approach the establishment of such a Programme. These seven steps build on the experience of a number of enterprises in the UK that worked with the Health and Safety Executive to develop a practical approach for applying performance indicators. Chapter 3 provides additional support for the development of an SPI Programme by setting out a menu of possible elements (targets, outcome indicators and activities indicators). This menu is extensive in light of the different types of potentially interested enterprises, recognising that each enterprise will likely choose only a limited number of the elements to monitor its key areas of concern. Furthermore, it is understood that an enterprise may decide to implement an SPI Programme in steps, focusing fi rst on only a few priority areas, and then expanding and amending its Programme as experience is gained. Annexes provide further support with an expanded explanation of metrics and a summary of targets, along with a glossary, a list of selected references and a copy of the Guiding Principles’ “Golden Rules.”
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  • 29
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264085510
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (27 p.)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.75
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The method described in this guidance document assesses the effects of plant protection products (PPPs), and has been validated using the active Fenoxycarb, which is known to act as an insect growth regulator (IGR), to the honey bee brood (Apis mellifera L.) under semi-field conditions (tunnel conditions followed by field conditions). The method can be used to address concerns regarding the impact on the brood development in honey bee colonies which are exposed to treatments of PPPs in agricultural crops. The aim of this test is to fill an identified gap or complement the sequential testing scheme with the development of a test method under semi-field conditions and to produce quantitative data that can be used as the basis for the evaluation of IGRs and other larvicidal compounds.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264221635
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Serie: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.70
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document is the report of the “OECD Workshop on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - Strategies for the adoption and implementation of IPM in agriculture contributing to the sustainable use of pesticides and to pesticide risk reduction”, that took place on 16 19 October 2011, in Berlin, Germany, and was chaired by Dr. Wolfgang Zornbach of the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection. The developed detailed recommendations for promoting and facilitating the adoption and implementation of IPM strategies and for encouraging appropriate stakeholders to use IPM tools and measures. The workshop was planned in the framework of the “OECD Strategic Approach in Pesticide Risk Reduction”. It addressed the following four main issues: technology and Information, economics and market access, policies and strategies and measurements and impact. This report includes the outcomes of the workshop discussions, as well as the overall workshop conclusions (Section 4) and recommendations (Section 5) targeted at governments, all stakeholders and OECD.
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  • 31
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224179
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 489 ; Test des Comètes In Vivo en Conditions Alcalines sur Cellules de Mammifères
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The in vivo alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay, also called alkaline Comet Assay is a method measuring DNA strand breaks in eukaryotic cells. Each treated group is composed of a minimum of 5 animals of one sex (or of each sex as appropriate). A positive and a vehicle control group are also used. Administration of the treatment consists of daily doses over duration of 2 days or more, ensuring the test chemical reaches the target tissue which can be the liver, the kidney or other tissues if justified. Tissues of interest are dissected and single cells/nuclei suspensions are prepared and embedded in agarose on slides. Cells/nuclei are treated with lysis buffer to remove cellular and/or nuclear membranes. The nuclear DNA in the agar is then subjected to electrophoresis at high pH. This results in structures resembling comets which by using suitable fluorescent stain, can be observed by fluorescent microscopy. Based on their size DNA fragments migrate away from the head to the tail, and the intensity of the comet tail relative to the total intensity (head plus tail) reflects the amount of DNA breakage.
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224131
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 238 ; Essai de Toxicité sur Myriophyllum Spicatum dans un Système Sans Sédiment
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the toxicity of chemicals on the growth of submerged aquatic plants Myriophyllum spicatum growing in a sediment-free test system. In a modified Andrews’ medium Myriophyllum spicatum plant cultures are exposed to at least five different concentrations of the test chemical over a period of 14 days. A minimum of 10 replicates for the controls and 5 replicates for each test concentration should be used. The measured variables include growth of shoot length, of lateral branches and roots, development of fresh and dry weight, increase of whorls. Both average specific growth rate (r) and yield (y) are determined and then used to expressed ErCx and EyCx respectively (x can be eg. 10,20,50) In addition, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) may be statistically determined.
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  • 33
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264216563
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in Korea
    Schlagwort(e): Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: With the rising economic importance of human resources and skills, employment and training agencies are now often expected to play a more important role in local strategies to support new creation, facilitate restructuring and increase productivity. The OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme has developed an international cross-comparative study examining the contribution of local labour market policy to boosting quality employment and enhancing productivity. In Korea, the review has looked at the range of institutions and bodies involved in employment and skills policies, focusing on local strategies in the Bucheon and Busan regions.
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221796
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring the Digital Economy; A New Perspective (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Measuring the digital economy
    DDC: 381/.142
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Internetnutzung ; IKT-Sektor ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Bericht ; Statistik ; OECD ; Electronic Commerce ; Neue Medien ; Evaluation
    Kurzfassung: The growing role of the digital economy in daily life has heightened demand for new data and measurement tools. Internationally comparable and timely statistics combined with robust cross-country analyses are crucial to strengthen the evidence base for digital economy policy making, particularly in a context of rapid change. This report presents indicators traditionally used to monitor the information society and complements them with experimental indicators that provide insight into areas of policy interest. The key objectives of this publication are to highlight measurement gaps and propose actions to advance the measurement agenda.
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224223
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 473; Essai d'aberration Chromosomique In Vitro chez les Mammifères
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of the in vitro chromosome aberration test is to identify agents that cause structural chromosome aberrations in cultured mammalian somatic cells. Structural aberrations may be of two types: chromosome or chromatid. The in vitro chromosome aberration test may employ cultures of established cell lines, cell strains or primary cell cultures. Cell cultures are exposed to the test substance (liquid or solid) both with and without metabolic activation during about 1.5 normal cell cycle lengths. At least three analysable concentrations of the test substance should be used. At each concentration duplicate cultures should normally be used. At predetermined intervals after exposure of cell cultures to the test substance, the cells are treated with a metaphase-arresting substance, harvested, stained. Metaphase cells are analysed microscopically for the presence of chromosome aberrations.
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  • 36
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264222199
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Serie: Radioactive Waste Management
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Nuclear decommissioning activities can greatly benefit from research and development (R&D) projects. This report examines applicable emergent technologies, current research efforts and innovation needs to build a base of knowledge regarding the status of decommissioning technology and R&D. This base knowledge can be used to obtain consensus on future R&D that is worth funding. It can also assist in deciding how to collaborate and optimise the limited pool of financial resources available among NEA member countries for nuclear decommissioning R&D.
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  • 37
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196155
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Development Centre Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Social cohesion policy review of Viet Nam
    Schlagwort(e): Soziale Lage ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Sozialpolitik ; Vietnam ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Viet Nam
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the effects of recent economic growth in Viet Nam on social cohesion. It finds that recent rapid economic growth in Viet Nam has not resulted in an increase in overall inequality, but the level of inequality was already high. Growth was not particularly inclusive, benefiting most the middle class and the richest households, and favouring less households in the bottom 20th percentile. Income mobility was also high, and while a majority of households experienced upward income mobility, downward absolute income mobility affected one in five households. Economic growth was not particularly job rich with employment growth lagging behind economic expansion. In particular, important challenges were identified in the area of education and skills policies relating to fast-changing labour market needs. Minimum wage policies had a small but positive effect on employment, but concerns were highlighted over partial coverage and weak compliance. Tax policy and specifically personal income tax had only a small impact on reducing inequality, but transfers from central to local governments produced an equalising effect, albeit with mixed results in terms of satisfaction with public services. Finally, social protection systems have been extended, but important coverage gaps remain among the poor and ethnic minority groups, and informality remains a key challenge for universal extension.
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264225503
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Serie: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Compact city policies
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; Südkorea ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Stadtplanung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Kurzfassung: This report examines Korea's urban policies and offers customised policy recommendations based on the OECD publication, Compact City Policies (2012). Some Korean policies, such as urban regeneration, new town development or multi-modal transfering centers, have implicitly implemented compact city polices to a certain degree. However, there are still issues - including urban sprawl, unbalanced socio-economic levels and environmental challenges - which can be threats to urban competitiveness. An appropriate set of compact city polices, such as environmental friendly urban regeneration, mixed land use, polices to offset the side effects of compact development, strong management of transport demands, and governance enforcement, can accelerate Korean cities' sustainable development.
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209459
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Development Pathways
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Estudio Multi-Dimensional de Uruguay ; Volumen 1. Evaluación inicial
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Uruguay ; Vol. 1: Initial assessment
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Uruguay ; Bericht ; Uruguay ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel
    Kurzfassung: Uruguay has made remarkable progress over the past decade. Stable macroeconomic policies and a favourable external environment have permitted brisk growth and the financing of social policies. Substantial improvements in several dimensions of human well-being have occurred during this period, alongside considerable reductions in external risks. The conditions ahead, however, may present challenges to maintaining performance. Overcoming these challenges will require finding the appropriate balance between long run objectives and macroeconomic and fiscal stability. One of the main obstacles to economic growth is the insufficient and inadequate provision of human capital and skills. A number of challenges remain for education, which, together with fiscal policy, are key means of reducing inequalities and sustaining economic growth. In addition, Uruguay needs to address labour shortages to avoid constraints on future growth, especially as exports become more skills-intensive. It is important to orient social policies and expenditures towards the most vulnerable groups.
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  • 40
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264212619 , 9789264226821
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (245 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD investment policy reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Investitionspolitik ; Mauritius ; Finance and Investment ; Mauritius
    Kurzfassung: This review illustrates the significant progress made by the government of Mauritius in improving its investment climate in recent years. It highlights major initiatives and specific policy measures undertaken, as well as areas that need further reforms to attract more and better investment, both domestic and foreign. While numerous policy advances have been achieved, this review identifies remaining challenges and policy options.
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  • 41
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213586
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The 2012 labour market reform in Spain
    Schlagwort(e): 2012 ; Arbeitsmarktreform ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Spanien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: This report provides an initial evaluation of the comprehensive reform of the Spanish labour market undertaken in 2012. It describes the key components of the 2012 reform and places them in the context of the evolution of labour market institutions in other OECD member countries, with a particular focus on collective bargaining and employment protection legislation. The report also assesses the impact of the reform on the ability of firms to adjust wages and working time to cope with demand shocks, as well as the flows in the labour market for different types of contracts and the overall duality of the Spanish labour market. It also considers what complementary reforms would be required to improve the effectiveness of the labour market reform, in particular in the area of active labour market policies.
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  • 42
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224438
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 487 ; Essai in vitro de micronoyaux sur cellules de mammifères
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The in vitro micronucleus test is a genotoxicity test for the detection of micronuclei in the cytoplasm of interphase cells. Micronuclei may originate from acentric chromosome fragments (i.e. lacking a centromere), or whole chromosomes that are unable to migrate to the poles during the anaphase stage of cell division. The assay detects the activity of clastogenic and aneugenic test substances in cells that have undergone cell division during or after exposure to the test substance. This Test Guideline allows the use of protocols with and without the actin polymerisation inhibitor cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin B allows for the identification and selective analysis of micronucleus frequency in cells that have completed one mitosis, because such cells are binucleate. This Test Guideline also allows the use of protocols without cytokinesis block provided there is evidence that the cell population analysed has undergone mitosis.
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220959
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Serie: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document is a statement of policy set by the 1989 Council Decision-Recommendation on Compliance with Good Laboratory Practice [C(89)87(Final). It reiterates the decisions and the recommendations related to the role and responsibilities of governments, national GLP compliance monitoring authorities and inspectors set out in that Act and its Annexes and states current practices. The Working Group on GLP is of the opinion that, while the Council Act allows “outsourcing” of inspection functions, this should be the exception rather than the rule and should be used only as an interim solution and primarily by new GLP compliance monitoring programmes.
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  • 44
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264190832
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; European Union
    Kurzfassung: In October 2014, the European Union (EU) set ambitious climate and energy targets for 2030, confirming its global leadership on climate change. But while the targets are in place, the legal framework to implement them is yet to be developed. Energy Policies of IEA Countries: European Union – 2014 provides recommendations on how the targets can be reached in a cost-effective and integrated way, while fostering the competitiveness and energy security of the European Union. The recommendations build on the lessons learned since the first IEA in-depth review of the European Union in 2008. Since then, EU energy policy has been driving energy market integration, cross-border trade and the implementation of energy and climate targets by 2020. The European Union is a global leader in transitioning towards a low-carbon economy: Europe’s unprecedented renewable energy boom, its action on energy efficiency and the economic downturn have all contributed to a drop in greenhouse gas emissions. However, energy security concerns have increased. Ageing nuclear and coal plants will be shut, and EU energy systems and markets must accommodate growing shares of variable renewable energy. The European Union seeks to foster access to diversified gas and oil supplies to reduce dependence on single suppliers. Making the most of its diversity, the European Union must strengthen the internal energy market to enhance both its energy security and the competitiveness of its industry. Yet, important interconnections are missing, and, despite the opening of the wholesale market and decreasing prices , concentrated and regulated retail markets do not deliver benefits to consumers. As member states adopt different decarbonisation pathways and energy policy choices, a strong “Energy Union” is needed with effective energy market rules and policies that support the development of low-carbon technologies, within the new energy and climate policy framework for 2030.
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  • 45
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223202
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Indicateurs de croissance verte pour l'agriculture ; Évaluation préliminaire
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Green growth indicators for agriculture
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Landwirtschaft ; Landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Kurzfassung: An integral component of any green growth strategy is a highly-reliable set of measurement tools and indicators that would enable policy makers to evaluate how effective policies are, and to gauge the progress being achieved in shifting economic activity onto a greener path. These tools and indicators, which will need to be based on internationally comparable data, must also be embedded in a conceptual framework and selected according to a clearly-specified set of criteria. This report is a first step towards developing a framework to monitor progress on green growth in the agricultural sector in OECD countries. The goal is to identify relevant, succinct and measurable statistics to implement the OECD Green Growth Strategy Measurement Framework which provides a common basis for further developing green growth indicators in the agricultural sector in OECD countries.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264214224
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD Lobbyists, governments and public trust ; Vol. 3: Implementing the OECD Principles for Transparency and Integrity in Lobbying
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; OECD ; Lobbyismus
    Kurzfassung: This report takes stock of progress made in implementing the 2010 Recommendation on Principles for Transparency and Integrity in Lobbying – the only international instrument addressing major risks in the public decision-making process related to lobbying. The review process found that although there is an emerging consensus on the need for transparency to shed light on lobbying, new regulations are often scandal-driven instead of forward looking. In countries that have regulations in place, the degree of transparency in lobbying varies considerably across OECD members. Moving forward, it will be essential for countries to focus efforts on the implementation of the Recommendation, in order to strengthen confidence in the public decision-making process and restore trust in government. It will also be crucial to strengthen the implementation of the wider integrity framework, as it is the prime tool for safeguarding transparency and integrity in the decision-making process in general and lobbying practices in particular.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264217768
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Montserrat 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Montserrat ; Taxation ; Montserrat
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Montserrat. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 48
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209138
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Serie: OECD Studies on Water
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Changement climatique, eau et agriculture ; Vers des systèmes résilients
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Climate change, water and agriculture
    DDC: 363.7387
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Wasserversorgung ; Agrarproduktion ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This report reviews the main linkages between climate change, water and agriculture as a means to identifying and discussing adaptation strategies for better use and conservation of water resources. It aims to provide guidance to decision makers on choosing an appropriate mix of policies and market approaches to address the interaction between agriculture and water systems under climate change.
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  • 49
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Nordirland ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This book focuses on the role of employment and training agencies in contributing to job creation and productivity in Northern Ireland. It explores how Northern Ireland is implementing labour market and skills policy and putting measures in place at the local level to stimulate quality employment, inclusion and growth.
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  • 50
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202030
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Green growth indicators 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Bericht ; OECD ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Green Growth Strategy supports countries in fostering economic growth and development while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which well-being relies. Policies that promote green growth need to be founded on a good understanding of the determinants of green growth and need to be supported with appropriate indicators to monitor progress and gauge results. This book updates the 2011 Towards Green Growth: Monitoring progress. It presents the OECD framework for monitoring progress towards green growth and a selection of updated indicators that illustrate the progress that OECD countries have made since the 1990s.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264222182
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Serie: Radioactive Waste Management
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Decommissioning of nuclear facilities and related remedial actions are currently being undertaken around the world to enable sites or parts of sites to be reused for other purposes. Remediation has generally been considered as the last step in a sequence of decommissioning steps, but the values of prevention, long-term planning and parallel remediation are increasingly being recognised as important steps in the process. This report, prepared by the Task Group on Nuclear Site Restoration of the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning, highlights lessons learnt from remediation experiences of NEA member countries that may be particularly helpful to practitioners of nuclear site remediation, regulators and site operators. It provides observations and recommendations to consider in the development of strategies and plans for efcient nuclear site remediation that ensures protection of workers and the environment.
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  • 52
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264218420
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (604 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Ensuring energy security is a core responsibility of the International Energy Agency and a priority for its member countries. To this end, the ability to respond quickly and effectively in the event of a supply disruption is essential. Energy Supply Security 2014: The Emergency Response of IEA Countries provides an overview of the most recent oil and natural gas emergency policy reviews of the 29 IEA member countries as well as those of key partners such as Chile, China, India and ASEAN. The publication assesses each country’s emergency arrangements for security of supply of oil and gas, their stockholding structure, demand restraint measures and fuel switching capacity, and also provides a summary of energy security best practices among the IEA membership and beyond. Although the IEA was initially created to focus on oil supply security, energy markets have evolved, with other fuels playing increasingly important roles in the global energy mix. Thus, natural gas is highlighted in this publication, including assessments of measures to respond to and offset potential supply disruptions. Due to the increasing dependence of modern societies on reliable and secure electricity supplies, this publication also includes an overview of the electricity security assessment framework recently developed by the IEA for the purposes of strengthening countries’ electricity security.
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224407
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 475; Essai d'aberration chromosomique sur moelle osseuse de mammifères
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The mammalian in vivo chromosome aberration test is used for the detection of structural chromosome aberrations induced by test compounds in bone marrow cells of animals, usually rodents (rats, mice and Chinese hamsters). Structural chromosome aberrations may be of two types: chromosome or chromatid. Animals are exposed to the test substance (liquid or solid) by an appropriate route of exposure (usually by gavage using a stomach tube or a suitable intubation cannula, or by intraperitoneal injection) and are sacrificed at appropriate times after treatment. Prior to sacrifice, animals are treated with a metaphase-arresting agent. Chromosome preparations are then made from the bone marrow cells and stained, and metaphase cells are analysed for chromosome aberrations. Each treated and control group must include at least 5 analysable animals per sex. The limit dose is 2000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment up to 14 days, and 1000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment longer than 14 days.
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  • 54
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224155
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 239 ; Essai de Toxicité sur Myriophyllum Spicatum dans un Système Eau-Sédiment
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the toxicity of chemicals on the growth of the rooted aquatic plants (Myriophyllum spicatum) growing in water-sediment system. Shoot apices of healthy and non-flowering plant are potted in standardised, artificial sediment supplemented with additional nutrient and exposed to at least five concentrations of the chemical over a period of 14 days. A minimum of 6 replicates for the untreated control and 4 replicates for each test concentration should be used. The measured quantitative variables include growth of shoot length and development of fresh and dry weight, and the measured qualitative variables include presence or not of chlorosis and necrosis or growth deformities. Both average specific growth rate (r) and yield (y) are determined and then used to expressed ErCx and EyCx respectively (x can be e.g. 10, 20, 50.) In addition, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) may be statistically determined.
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  • 55
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224292
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 474; Le test de micronoyaux sur les érythrocytes de mammifères
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The mammalian in vivo micronucleus test is used for the detection of damage induced by the test substance to the chromosomes or the mitotic apparatus of erythroblasts, by analysis of erythrocytes as sampled in bone marrow and/or peripheral blood cells of animals, usually rodents (mice or rats). The purpose of the micronucleus test is to identify substances (liquid or solid) that cause cytogenetic damage which results in the formation of micronuclei containing lagging chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes. An increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in treated animals is an indication of induced chromosome damage. Animals are exposed to the test substance by an appropriate route (usually by gavage using a stomach tube or a suitable intubation cannula, or by intraperitoneal injection). Bone marrow and/or blood cells are collected, prepared and stained. Preparations are analyzed for the presence of micronuclei. Each treated and control group must include at least 5 analysable animals per sex. Administration of the treatments consists of a single dose of test substance or two daily doses (or more). The limit dose is 2000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment up to 14 days, and 1000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment longer than 14 days.
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  • 56
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224506
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 310 ; Biodégradabilité facile - dégagement de CO2 dans des flacons hermétiquement clos (essai de l'espace libre au-dessus du liquide)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is a screening method for the evaluation of ready biodegradability of chemicals. The test substance, normally at 20 mg C/L, as the sole source of carbon and energy, is incubated (during 28 days normally) in sealed bottles with aerobic condition containing a buffer-mineral salts medium, which has been inoculated with a mixed population of micro-organisms. In order to check the test procedure, a reference substance (aniline, sodium benzoate or ethylene glycol and 1-octanol) of known biodegradability should be tested in parallel. It is recommended that triplicate bottles be analysed after a sufficient number of time intervals. Also at least five test bottles (from test vessels, blank controls, and vessels with the reference substance) are analysed at the end of the test, to enable 95% confidence intervals to be calculated for the mean percentage biodegradation value. The CO2 evolution resulting from the ultimate aerobic biodegradation of the test substance is determined by measuring the Inorganic Carbon (IC) produced in the test bottles in excess of that produced in blank vessels containing inoculated medium only. The extent of biodegradation is expressed as a percentage of the theoretical maximum IC production (ThIC), based on the quantity of test substance added initially. Biodegradation 〉60% ThIC within the 10-d window in this test demonstrates that the test substance is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions.
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  • 57
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221734
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Serie: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Document was designed to serve as a tool to assist industrial enterprises, public authorities, and communities near hazardous installations world-wide develop and implement a means to assess the success of their chemical safety activities. The guidance does not define a precise methodology, but rather provides guidance on how to develop and use safety performance indicators including the general elements of Safety Performance Indicators (SPI) Programmes.
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  • 58
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220720
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Capturing the multiple benefits of energy efficiency
    DDC: 333.7916
    Schlagwort(e): Energieeinsparung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: The traditional focus on energy savings as the main goal of energy efficiency policy has, at times, led to an underestimation of the full value of energy efficiency in both national and global economies. Energy efficiency can bring multiple benefits, such as enhancing the sustainability of the energy system, supporting strategic objectives for economic and social development, promoting environmental goals and increasing prosperity. The aim of this book is two-fold: to build knowledge of the multiple benefits of energy efficiency, and to demonstrate how policy makers and other stakeholders can use existing tools to measure and maximise the benefits they seek. Five key benefits areas – macroeconomic development; public budgets; health and wellbeing; industrial productivity; and energy delivery – are investigated in-depth, showing compelling returns when the value of multiple benefits is calculated alongside traditional benefits of energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Considering multiple benefits also has important implications for unravelling one of the persistent challenges in energy efficiency – the rebound effect – revealing that it often signals a positive outcome in terms of achieving broader social and economic goals. By identifying and quantifying a broader range of impacts of energy efficiency, the multiple benefits approach repositions energy efficiency as a mainstream tool for economic and social development, and has the potential to motivate higher uptake of energy efficiency opportunities in the market.
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  • 59
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264205147
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Serie: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Gender equality and the environment are treated as cross-cutting issues in all DAC peer reviews in recognition of their importance in development co-operation. This report highlights some of the common themes and important lessons on mainstreaming gender equality and the environment based on DAC members’ practices as documented in peer reviews, a number of donor evaluations as well as wider work across the OECD.
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174337
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Serie: OECD Studies on Water
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La gouvernance des services de l'eau en Tunisie ; Surmonter les défis de la participation du secteur privé
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Water governance in Tunisia
    Schlagwort(e): Wasserwirtschaft ; Privatwirtschaft ; Wasserpolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; Tunesien ; Environment ; Governance ; Tunisia
    Kurzfassung: This report diagnoses the main governance and financing challenges to private sector participation in the water supply and wastewater sector of Tunisia, and provides ways forward to address these challenges. It been developed as part of a water policy dialogue conducted by the OECD jointly with the Global Water Partnership-Mediterranean (GWP-Med) in the context of the project labelled by the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) "Governance and Financing for the Mediterranean Water Sector", with the support of the FEMIP Trust Fund of the European Investment Bank.
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  • 61
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264226739
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Serie: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: This booklet highlights key lessons learned on engaging with the public based on DAC members’ practices as documented in peer reviews, DevCom’s reports and publications and wider work from across the OECD. It includes examples from DAC members’ experiences and sketches out challenges they continue to face as they move toward more strategic, effective and innovative engagement with citizens and taxpayers on development co-operation.
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  • 62
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223233
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Measures of tax compliance outcomes
    Schlagwort(e): Steuermoral ; Messung ; Taxation
    Kurzfassung: This study provides practical guidance to revenue bodies wishing to enhance and enrich their existing measures with timely measures of compliance outcomes. The study shares experiences of what has worked for revenue bodies, what challenges have been faced and how they might be overcome.
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  • 63
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215610
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The size and sectoral distribution of SOEs in OECD and partner countries
    DDC: 332
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Betriebsgröße ; Betriebsgrößenstruktur ; Branche ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses a dataset detailing the size of national state-owned enterprise (SOE) sectors (by number, value and employment) and their composition by sector and corporate forms. The data relates to end-2012 and is based on questionnaire responses from government delegates to the OECD Working Party on State Ownership and Privatisation Practices. The authorities of 34 countries (of which 31 OECD member and three partner countries) contributed to the dataset.
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  • 64
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264219120
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Serie: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Empêcher l'utilisation abusive des conventions fiscales lorsque les circonstances ne s'y prêtent pas
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances; (Korean version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances; (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Preventing the granting of treaty benefits in inappropriate circumstances
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation
    Kurzfassung: This report includes proposed changes to the OECD Model Tax Convention to prevent treaty abuse. Countries participating in the BEPS Project have agreed on a minimum standard to prevent treaty shopping and other strategies aimed at obtaining inappropriately the benefit of certain provisions of tax treaties. The report also ensures that tax treaties do not inadvertently prevent the application of legitimate domestic anti-abuse rules. The report clarifies that tax treaties are not intended to be used to generate double non-taxation and identifies the tax policy considerations that countries should consider before deciding to enter into a tax treaty with another country. The model provisions included in the report provide intermediary guidance as additional work is needed, in particular in relation to the limitation on benefits rule.
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  • 65
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in Australia
    Schlagwort(e): Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Australien ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Australia
    Kurzfassung: Employment and Skills Strategies in Australia focuses on the role of local employment and training agencies in contributing to job creation and productivity. It looks at the role of Local Employment Coordinators, introduced by the Department of Employment to work in 20 "priority employment areas" which were identified as needing extra assistance following the global financial crisis. This report is part of a comparative OECD review of local job creation policies, which explores how countries are putting measures in place at the local level to stimulate quality employment, social inclusion and growth.
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  • 66
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202054
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of health care quality
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitsversorgung ; Türkei ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Turkey ; Türkei ; Gesundheitswesen
    Kurzfassung: Turkey underwent a very ambitious reform programme in 2003, the so-called "Health Transformation Programme". Access to healthcare in Turkey has greatly increased with the attainment of Universal Health Coverage, as also demonstrated by improvement in health outcomes, most notably around maternal and child health and infectious diseases. However, despite these significant achievements, Turkey has a significant way to travel to deliver high-quality health services to its population. Governance of the health system is highly centralised and typified by directive control from the Ministry of Health, and information collected in different part of the system is not always fully exploited. The OECD Review of Health Care Quality in Turkey recommends a number of changes to address these shortcomings. The key recommendations are that: i) Turkey needs to develop robust systems to standardise and monitor the quality of care, encourage continuous professional development and incorporate patient views; ii) some loosening of the governance structure would be welcome, to allow regions greater flexibility to assess and respond to local health needs and to continue to provide health workers with incentives for improve quality; iii) data on health sector activity and outcomes need to be made more available and more usable for individual patients and clinicians, while greater effort is needed to increase the robustness of Turkey’s information systems at national level and harmonise performance measures to OECD and other international comparators.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264217737
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Indonesia 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Indonesien ; Taxation ; Indonesia
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Indonesia. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 68
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208445
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Hewlett, Emily Making mental health count
    Schlagwort(e): Psychische Krankheit ; Medizinische Behandlung ; Soziale Kosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Forschungsbericht ; OECD ; Psychische Störung ; Untersuchung ; Soziale Kosten
    Kurzfassung: Despite the enormous burden that mental ill-health imposes on individuals, their families, society, health systems and the economy, mental health care remains a neglected area of health policy in too many countries. Mental disorders represent a considerable disease burden, and have a significant impact on the lives of the OECD population, and account for considerable direct and indirect costs. This report argues that even in those OECD countries with a long history of deinstitutionalisation, there is still a long way to go to make community-based mental health care that achieves good outcomes for people with severe mental illness a reality. The disproportionate focus on severe mental illness has meant that mild-to-moderate mental illnesses, which makes up the largest burden of disease, have remained overwhelmingly neglected. This book addresses the high cost of mental illness, weaknesses and innovative developments in the organisation of care, changes and future directions for the mental health workforce, the need to develop better indicators for mental health care and quality, and tools for better governance of the mental health system. The high burden of mental ill health and the accompanying costs in terms of reduced quality of life, loss of productivity, and premature mortality, mean that making mental health count for all OECD countries is a priority.
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  • 69
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264214637 , 9789264224117
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (520 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Lequiller, François Understanding national accounts
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; International ; Welt ; Economics ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung
    Kurzfassung: This second edition of Understanding National Accounts, that provides a comprehensive explanation of how national accounts are compiled, contains new data and new chapters, and is adapted to the new systems of national accounts, SNA 2008 and ESA 2010, that came into effect in September 2014. It approaches national accounts from a truly global perspective, with special chapters dedicated to international comparisons, globalisation and well-being as well as to the national systems used in major OECD economies, such as the United States. Each chapter of the manual uses practical examples to explain key concepts in national accounts in a clear and accessible way. And, each chapter concludes with a synthesis of key points covered in the chapter, followed by resources for further exploring the topic, and by a set of exercises to test your knowledge. It is an ideal guide to national accounts for students and other interested readers.
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  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209527
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Regionalentwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalpolitik ; Niederlande ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Netherlands
    Kurzfassung: The Dutch economy has been traditionally very competitive among OECD countries. The global financial crisis however has brought new challenges, especially during the second shock, from 2011 onwards. The government’s recovery plan, which includes various measures such as fiscal consolidation, stimulating innovation and sub-national government reform has an important territorial dimension. This review focuses on how sub-national institutions and development can help the Netherlands meet its challenges. In the short-term, factors such as the contribution of all regions, better use of resources, and more efficient provision of goods and services can help the recovery. In the long term, improving national competitiveness will largely depend on a strong performance of the polycentric city structure, which characterises the Netherlands. The key policy areas explored in this review include: the recently created top-sector innovation policy; decentralisation; and territorial reforms such as municipal and provincial re-scaling through mergers or co-operation.
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  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207851
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Lunn, Pete Regulatory policy and behavioural economics
    DDC: 330.01
    Schlagwort(e): Verhaltensökonomik ; Regulierung ; Governance ; Verhaltensökonomie ; Regulierung
    Kurzfassung: Over the past five years, behavioural economics has been rapidly propelled from the margins of economic analysis towards the policy mainstream. In this context, this study offers an international review of the initial applications of behavioural economics to policy, with a particular focus on regulatory policy. It describes the extent to which behavioural findings have begun to influence public policy in a number of OECD countries, referring to a total of more than 60 instances, the majority of which concern regulatory policy.
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  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213500
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Science, technology and innovation in Viet Nam
    Schlagwort(e): Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Technologiepolitik ; Vietnam ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Viet Nam ; Vietnam ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Kurzfassung: This book offers a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of Viet Nam, focusing on the role of government and providing concrete recommendations on how to improve policies that affect innovation and R&D performance.
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  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220102 , 9789264208636
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Corporate Governance
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Risk management and corporate governance
    Schlagwort(e): Corporate Governance ; Risikomanagement ; Privatwirtschaft ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; OECD-Staaten ; Norwegen ; Singapur ; Schweiz ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: This sixth peer review of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance analyses the corporate governance framework and practices relating to corporate risk management, in the private sector and in state-owned enterprises. The review covers 26 jurisdictions and is based on a general survey of all participating jurisdictions in December 2012, as well as an in-depth review of corporate risk management in Norway, Singapore and Switzerland. The report finds that while risk-taking is a fundamental driving force in business and entrepreneurship, the cost of risk management failures is often underestimated, both externally and internally, including the cost in terms of management time needed to rectify the situation. The reports thus concludes that corporate governance should ensure that risks are understood, managed, and, when appropriate, communicated.
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  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264217409
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (56 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Public enforcement and corporate governance in Asia
    Schlagwort(e): Corporate Governance ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Asien ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: This book presents a study of the corporate governance legal framework and enforcement by capital market regulators in participating Asian jurisdictions. The study focuses on the following areas: the legal framework and adequacy of laws, with a focus on related-party transactions, disclosure of ownership and control, and fiduciary duties of directors; the structure of enforcement authorities; the authority to monitor, supervise, investigate, enforce and impose sanctions; disclosure of enforcement actions and practices; the role of the courts and the judicial system; and cross-border enforcement.
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208988
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Serie: Investing in Youth
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Schlagwort(e): Jugendpolitik ; Bildungsinvestition ; Bildungspolitik ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Brasilien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Brazil
    Kurzfassung: This report provides a detailed diagnosis of the youth labour market and education system in Brazil. It takes an international comparative perspective, offering policy options to help improve school-to-work transitions. It also provides an opportunity for other countries to learn from the innovative measures that Brazil has taken to strengthen the skills of youth and their employment outcomes.
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264214453
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Arndt-Bascle, Christiane OECD framework for regulatory policy evaluation
    Schlagwort(e): Regulierung ; Bewertung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: This publication provides countries with a Framework for Regulatory Policy Evaluation, an overview of evaluation practices in OECD countries and concrete examples. It also reports key findings of three expert papers on the evaluation of regulatory policy that informed the development of the Framework.
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  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204638
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Colombia
    Kurzfassung: This review offers a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of Colombia, focusing on the role of government. It provides concrete recommendations on how to improve policies that affect innovation performance, including R&D policies and identifies good practices from which other countries can learn. The Overall assessment and recommendations is also available in French and Spanish.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264217676
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Chile 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Chile ; Taxation ; Chile
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Chile. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204997
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Serie: Mental Health and Work
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Mental health and work
    Schlagwort(e): Psychische Krankheit ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Berufstätigkeit ; Psychische Störung
    Kurzfassung: Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on the United Kingdom is the sixth in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries.
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201415
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Perspectives régionales de l'OCDE 2014 ; Régions et villes ; Les politiques publiques à la rencontre des citoyens
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD regional outlook 2014
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Regionalpolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Kommunalpolitik ; Stadtwachstum ; Stadtentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: Regions and cities are on the front lines of many challenges faced by OECD countries today, from education and jobs to health care and quality of life. Getting regions and cities “right”, adapting policies to the specificities of where people live and work, is vital to improving citizens’ well-being. This second edition of the OECD Regional Outlook aims to help countries do just that. Part I describes the main trends and challenges today. Part II has a special focus on cities, looking at public investment, urban framework policies, and rural-urban issues. Part III presents a Policy Forum on the future of cities, with five contributions from distinguished authors and policy makers. Part IV offers profiles of regional development in all 34 OECD countries.
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264216501
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Gérer les migrations économiques pour mieux répondre aux besoins du marché du travail
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Matching economic migration with labour market needs
    Schlagwort(e): Regionale Arbeitsmobilität ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Matching ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Forschungsbericht ; OECD ; Europäische Union ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer
    Kurzfassung: This publication gathers the papers presented at the “OECD-EU dialogue on mobility and international migration: matching economic migration with labour market needs” (Brussels, 24-25 February 2014), a conference jointly organised by the European Commission and the OECD. It provides new evidence on the role that international migration has played in Europe and in selected other OECD countries over the past decade in terms of labour force; educational attainment; and occupational changes. It analyses the availability and use of migrants’ skills based on an in-depth literature review as well as new data analyses for Europe and the United States, Canada and the OECD as a whole, taking advantage of the International Survey of Adult Skills – PIAAC. Finally, several chapters discuss the potential role of international migration in meeting current and future labour market needs in Europe, in the United States and in the European Union. This work shows that although migration can make an important contribution to labour force growth, its role in counterbalancing the effects of population ageing will depend on the capacity of countries to match labour needs to migrants’ characteristics.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264222885
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Gibraltar 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Gibraltar ; Taxation ; Gibraltar
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Gibraltar. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223639
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Gobierno Abierto en América Latina
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Open government in Latin America
    Schlagwort(e): Regierung ; Good Governance ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Lateinamerika ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Latin American governments have embarked upon substantial open government reforms in recent years. Working with the Open Government Partnership (OGP), progress has been made. The OECD - as an official multilateral partner organisation of the OGP - has conducted a regional stocktaking exercise of open government strategies and practices. Its main findings are reflected in this report, allowing Latin American countries to compare and benchmark against good international practice.
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  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264214651
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Serie: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Vers des comportements plus environnementaux ; Vue d'ensemble de l'enquête 2011
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Greening household behaviour
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Lebensstil ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; OECD ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Lebensstil ; Umweltbewusstsein
    Kurzfassung: Developing growth strategies that promote greener lifestyles requires a good understanding of the factors that affect people’s behaviour towards the environment. Based on periodic surveys of more than 10 000 households, this publication presents responses from the most recent round of the OECD survey implemented in 2011, in 5 areas (energy, food, transport, waste and water) and 11 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. The survey provides a common framework to collect unique empirical evidence for better policy design. Analysis comparing the data across countries, policy conditions and household characteristics reveals which measures most effectively change behaviour. Each round of the survey also allows to track changes over time and to explore new emerging issues. The new survey confirms the importance of providing the right economic incentives for influencing our decisions. The findings indicate that “soft” measures such as labelling and public information campaigns also have a significant complementary role to play. Spurring desirable behaviour change requires a mix of these instruments. This edition completely replaces the previously posted 2013 edition.
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213753
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Serie: OECD Studies on Water
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La gouvernance des services de l'eau en Jordanie ; Surmonter les défis de la participation du secteur privé
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Water governance in Jordan
    DDC: 363.61095695
    Schlagwort(e): Wasserpolitik ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Governance-Ansatz ; Wasserversorgung ; Privatwirtschaft ; Jordanien ; Environment ; Governance ; Jordan ; Jordanien ; Wasserwirtschaft
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses the main governance and financing challenges to private sector participation (PSP) in the water supply and sanitation sector of Jordan, and provides ways forward to address them, based on international experience and OECD compendium of principles and good practices. Using the diagnostic analysis of the governance challenges to PSP in the Jordan water sector (Chapter 1), the report identifies ways forward to overcome bottlenecks focusing on three key pillars (Chapter 2): i) managing public-private partnership in a fiscally constrained environment through appropriate budget processes; ii) reducing the regulatory risks through supporting the development of a high-quality framework; and iii)managing and enhancing stakeholder engagement to improve accountability and buy-in. The report also includes an action plan with concrete measures to implement the recommendations proposed in the report. The report has been developed as part of a water policy dialogue conducted by the OECD jointly with the Global Water Partnership-Mediterranean (GWP-Med) in the context of the project labelled by the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) “Governance and Financing for the Mediterranean Water Sector”, with the support of the FEMIP Trust Fund of the European Investment Bank.
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224636
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Women in public life
    Schlagwort(e): Frauen ; Familienpolitik ; Gleichberechtigung ; Gleichstellungspolitik ; MENA-Staaten ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Public institutions play a critical role in promoting gender-sensitive policies and gender equality more broadly, in the MENA region and around the world. Advancing gender balance in public institutions and public life more generally, including the judiciary, parliaments, and the political executive constitutes a major step towards gender-responsive policies and non-discrimination and serves as a key milestone in promoting gender equality. This report provides a comparative overview of the policies affecting women’s participation in public life across the MENA region. It examines the existing barriers to women’s access to public decision-making positions, and provides a cross-country assessment of current instruments and institutions to advance women’s empowerment in the MENA region. The report undertakes an analysis of the existing legal barriers for gender equality in public life, including with regard to political and economic rights, freedom of movement, labour law, family law, access to justice and gender-based violence and provides focused policy-recommendations to close legal and institutional gaps. The report has been prepared by the OECD, in partnership with Centre for Arab Women Training and Research (CAWTAR) and with the support of the Arab Administrative Development Organisation (ARADO) and covers the following countries: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority, Jordan, Lebanon, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208957
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in the Czech Republic
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Tschechien ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Czech Republic ; Tschechien ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Bildungspolitik ; Betriebliche Ausbildung
    Kurzfassung: This review looks at a range of institutions and bodies involved in employment and skills policies in the Czech Republic, focusing on local strategies on the Ústí nad Labem and South Moravian regions.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264222854
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Belize 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Belize ; Taxation ; Belize
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Belize. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215658
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Serie: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    DDC: 325
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Neuseeland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; New Zealand
    Kurzfassung: New Zealand is among the OECD countries that have been settled by migration. Currently more than a quarter of the New Zealand workforce is foreign-born. Despite being a settlement country, most labour migration is temporary and permanent migration mainly draws from the pool of temporary labour migrants. Current temporary labour migration is equivalent to 3.6% of the workforce, by far the largest figure in the OECD. An elaborate system of labour-market tests and exemptions aims to limit negative impact on the domestic workforce while at the same time responding to employer needs. A large part of temporary flows is into low-skilled jobs with little steering possibilities, and some vigilance is needed. For permanent migration, which is also among the highest in per capita terms among OECD countries, New Zealand operates with target numbers. The country faces difficulties in meeting thes targets, whose value-added in a largely demand-driven system - favoring immigrants with a job offer - is questionable.
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174825
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Financial education for youth
    DDC: 332
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzwissen ; Schule ; Schüler ; Unterricht ; Jugendliche ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Finance and Investment ; Schüler ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Bildung ; OECD
    Kurzfassung: The importance of financial literacy and specifically the need to promote financial education has been recognised as an important contributor to improved financial inclusion and individuals’ financial well-being as well as a support to financial stability. The relevance of financial education policies is acknowledged at the highest global policy level: in 2012, G20 Leaders endorsed the OECD/INFE High-level Principles on National Strategies for Financial Education that specifically identify youth as one of the priority targets of government policies in this domain. That same year, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministers of Finance identified financial literacy as a critical life skill. The publication addresses the challenges linked to the introduction of financial education in schools, and provides practical guidance and case studies to assist policy makers, and a comparative analysis of existing learning frameworks for financial education in the formal school system.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264222878
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Ghana 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Ghana ; Taxation ; Ghana
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Ghana. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264217713
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Nordmazedonien ; Taxation ; North Macedonia
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Macedonia. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059696
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Budgeting practices and procedures in OECD countries
    Schlagwort(e): Haushaltsplanung ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Budget Practices and Procedures Database provides detailed data on how budgets are made in OECD countries from formulation, to approval, execution and reporting based on surveys conducted every four to five years. This publication presents the results of the latest survey, conducted in 2012, and compares this with the previous survey, conducted in 2007. It finds that fiscal sustainability is a key issue for countries today. It also highlights the growing use of medium-term expenditure frameworks, capital budgeting and top-down budgeting, and it examines transparency of budgeting as well as budgeting flexibility.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208131
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas y regulación de telecomunicaciones en Colombia
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD review of telecommunication policy and regulation in Colombia
    Schlagwort(e): Telekommunikationspolitik ; Regulierung ; Kolumbien ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Colombia
    Kurzfassung: As have OECD countries, Colombia has recognised that the communications sector, and in particular high-speed Internet access provided by fixed and mobile broadband, represents a key infrastructure for improving productivity and economic growth and in enhancing the welfare of its citizens. This report reviews policies and regulations in the telecommunication service sector in Colombia. It puts forward recommendations aimed at furthering regulatory reform and stimulating market competition and investment in the sector as a building block for the future development of the Colombian economy. It aims to help achieve one of the government's goals, which is to develop a knowledge-intensive society.
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208605
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of health care quality
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitsversorgung ; Tschechien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Czech Republic ; Tschechien ; Medizinische Versorgung
    Kurzfassung: This book presents a comprehensive review of health care quality in the Czech Republic. It finds that over the past 20 years, the Czech Republic witnessed the unprecedented gains in quality of health care and life expectancy and successfully transferred its Semaschko system into the modern accessible health care system with private-public mix of providers. Nevertheless the health care system in the Czech Republic still has some way to go to achieve the outcomes of the best performing OECD members. While some of the gap might be caused by the one of the lowest levels of health care expenditures among OECD countries (7.2% GDP in 2011) there are possibilities to improve the outcomes without incurring much of the additional costs. The Czech authorities should reach a consensus on the development of quality of care and data infrastructure and aim for sustainable long-term initiatives undisturbed by the political cycles in both of these areas. While the adverse events reporting and voluntary accreditation are the good steps towards the accountability of the providers, the government should do more in this area, undertake the effort to broaden the accreditation process and include outpatient care and link public health authorities to the quality agenda of inpatient care. In the area of data infrastructure more data should be gathered, the process of data gathering should be streamlined and administrative burden for the providers lowered primarily via the merging the data-collecting agencies. Finally, without the active participation of health insurance funds and proper reimbursement mechanisms in place the quality agenda will not be perceived as the priority.
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264222359
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Serie: West African Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Un atlas du Sahara-Sahel ; Géographie, économie et insécurité
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als An atlas of the Sahara-Sahel
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Geographie ; Volkswirtschaft ; Wirtschaftslage ; Sahel ; Development ; Sahel ; Geografie ; Wirtschaft
    Kurzfassung: The Sahara-Sahel has seen recurrent episodes of instability. However, the recent Libyan and Malian crises have intensified the level of violence. These episodes have restructured the geopolitical and geographical dynamics of the region. Cross-border or regional, these contemporary crises require new institutional responses. How can countries sharing this space - Algeria, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Niger, Chad and Tunisia and all related states such as Nigeria - stabilize and develop? Historically, the Sahara plays an intermediary role between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. Commercial and human exchanges are intense and based on social networks that now include trafficking. Understanding their structure, geographical and organizational mobility of criminal groups and migratory movements represents a strategic challenge. This book hopes to address this challenge and stimulate strategies for the Sahel of the European Union, the United Nations, the African Union or ECOWAS (Economic Community of the States of West Africa) in order to foster lasting peace. The Atlas is based on an analysis of mapped regional security issues and development objectives to open the necessary dialogue between regional and international organizations, governments, researchers and local stakeholders tracks.
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264210592
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. España; de la Reforma de la Administración a la Mejora Continua
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Spain
    DDC: 658.408
    Schlagwort(e): Regierung ; Governance-Ansatz ; Verwaltungsreform ; Spanien ; Governance ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: This comprehensive review of public governance in Spain finds that it shares with other OECD countries the need for a whole-of-government approach to reform. This is especially needed given Spain’s high degree of decentralisation and institutional fragmentation throughout the public sector. The experience of OECD countries with administrative reform is that it is successful when it is not perceived as a one-off exercise, but rather as a process of continuous improvement to constantly identify waste, shortcomings, and opportunities to do things better. This is particularly relevant for the public administration to become a positive influence for growth and overcome the effects of the financial crisis Spain has been through.
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209015
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Serie: OECD Best Practice Principles for Regulatory Policy
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La gouvernance des régulateurs
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The governance of regulators
    DDC: 351
    Schlagwort(e): Regulierung ; Aufsichtsbehörde ; Governance-Ansatz ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: This publication provides guidance on the institutional arrangements for regulators.
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223219
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Tax compliance by design
    Schlagwort(e): Steuermoral ; KMU ; Taxation ; Bericht ; OECD ; Steuermoral ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb
    Kurzfassung: This study introduces the concept of “Tax Compliance by design”. It describes how revenue bodies can exploit developments in technology and the ways in which modern SMEs organise themselves to incorporate tax compliance into the systems businesses use to manage their financial affairs.
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207561
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Chile's supreme audit institution
    Schlagwort(e): Chile ; Governance ; Chile
    Kurzfassung: This review focuses on advancing the performance-management vision of the Comptroller General of the Republic of Chile (Contraloría General de la Republica, CGR) with a view to enhance the relevance and positive impact of its work on accountability and decision making within the public administration. The review explores how the CGR’s audit assignments could be adjusted to enhance the institution’s impact on good public governance, and how it could further leverage knowledge gathered through existing and new audit assignments to deliver additional value to its diverse range of stakeholders.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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