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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (147)
  • Ethn. Museum Berlin
  • Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques  (75)
  • Causa, Orsetta  (36)
  • Andrews, Dan  (33)
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  • Economics  (122)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A new measurement approach for identifying high-polluting jobs across European countries (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1795
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper develops a novel classification of high-polluting occupations for a large sample of European countries. Unlike previous efforts in the literature, the classification exploits country-level data on air polluting emission intensity by industry. The country-level data allows to capture important cross-country differences, due to differences in technology and in production focus. Applying the new classification to European Labour Force Survey data shows that, on average across the countries covered, about 4% of workers are employed in high-polluting jobs, ranging from 9% in Czechia and the Slovak Republic to around 2% in Austria. These shares do not exhibit any clear decreasing trend over the past decade. High-polluting jobs are unequally distributed, being over-represented among men, workers with lower and medium educational attainment and those living in rural areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/f5127e4c-en
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Lost in the green transition? Measurement and stylized facts (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1796
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Greening the economy entails jobs contracting in “high-polluting” economic activities and expanding in environment-friendly activities. Minimizing the corresponding transition costs is crucial to accelerate decarbonisation and reduce displacement costs for affected workers. Using individual-level labour force data for a large sample of European countries, this paper finds that the shares of green and high-polluting jobs remained approximately stable between 2009 and 2019, hinting at a slow or yet-to-come green transition in labour markets. Green and high-polluting jobs are unequally distributed across socioeconomic groups: women are under-represented in both green and high-polluting jobs, while green jobs are associated with higher educational attainment, and high-polluting jobs with lower educational attainment. Equally important from a policy perspective, the results show that high-polluting jobs are concentrated in rural areas. These results are confirmed by analyzing labour market transitions: for instance, while women are more likely to transition from study to job, they are significantly less likely to get a green job. Overall, the results suggest that well designed and targeted policies are needed to support efficient and inclusive labour market transitions in the greening economy: to minimize scarring effects for displaced workers, help individuals’ upskilling and reskilling, and support the matching between workers and jobs in higher demand.
    DOI: 10.1787/dce1d5fe-en
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Doing green things: skills, reallocation, and the green transition (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1763
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The need to rapidly decarbonise economies raises questions about whether countries’ workforces possess the requisite skills to achieve the net zero transition as well as the capacity to redeploy workers from “brown” to “green” jobs. This paper applies a task-based framework to granular data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) and country-specific employment sources to generate new indicators of the green skills structure of labour markets for a large number of OECD countries and non-OECD EU countries. Significant cross-country differences emerge in the underlying supply of green skill and the potential of economies to reallocate brown job workers to green jobs within their broad occupation categories. In a majority of detailed brown occupations, workers have in principle the necessary skills to transition to green jobs, with the exception of those in production occupations, who may require more extensive re-skilling. In contrast, workers from most highly automatable occupations are generally not found to have the sufficient skills to transition to green jobs, suggesting more limited scope for the net-zero transition to reinstate labour displaced by automation.
    DOI: 10.1787/286a5007-en
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Promoting gender equality to strengthen economic growth and resilience (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1776
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promouvoir l'égalité des genres pour renforcer la croissance économique et la résilience
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Women’s employment rates and wages are still lagging those of men across OECD countries, with average employment and wage gaps now around 15% and 12% respectively. Gaps narrowed at a relatively modest pace over the past decade, calling for further policy action. A lack of affordable high-quality childcare is often an obstacle to women’s participation in the labour market and notably to working full time. A very unequal sharing of parental leave between parents and challenges upon return to work further hampers women’s careers. Biases in the tax system may discourage women from working in some countries. Women face disadvantage in accessing management positions and entrepreneurship. A range of policies can help reduce gender gaps, including better childcare provision, incentivising parents to better share parental leave, re-skilling and upskilling on return from parental leave, encouraging gender equality within firms, integration programmes for foreign-born women, promoting women entrepreneurship and financial inclusion, and levelling taxation for second earners. Moreover, the multiple dimensions and root causes of gender inequality call for mainstreaming gender across policy domains.
    DOI: 10.1787/54090c29-en
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Promouvoir l'égalité des genres pour renforcer la croissance économique et la résilience (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1776
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promoting gender equality to strengthen economic growth and resilience
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Les taux d'emploi et les salaires des femmes restent inférieurs à ceux des hommes dans les pays de l'OCDE, avec des écarts moyens d'emploi et de salaire désormais autour de 15% et 12% respectivement. Les écarts se sont réduits à un rythme relativement modeste au cours de la dernière décennie, ce qui appelle de nouvelles mesures politiques. Le manque de services de garde d'enfants abordables et leur qualité insuffisante constituent souvent un obstacle à la participation des femmes au marché du travail et notamment au travail à temps plein. Un partage très inégal du congé parental entre les parents et les difficultés rencontrées lors du retour au travail entravent encore davantage les carrières des femmes. Les biais du système fiscal peuvent décourager les femmes de travailler dans certains pays. Les femmes sont désavantagées dans l’accès aux postes de direction et à l’entrepreneuriat. Différentes politiques peuvent contribuer à réduire les écarts entre les genres, notamment une meilleure offre de garde d'enfants, l'incitation des parents à mieux partager le congé parental, la reconversion et la formation au retour du congé parental, l'encouragement de l'égalité des genres au sein des entreprises, des programmes d'intégration pour les femmes nées à l'étranger, la promotion de l’entrepreneuriat féminin et l’inclusion financière, ainsi que l’égalisation de la fiscalité sur les deuxièmes apporteurs de revenu. En outre, les multiples dimensions et causes profondes des inégalités de genre soulignent l’importance d’intégrer la dimension de genre dans tous les domaines de l’action publique.
    DOI: 10.1787/d1f7a204-fr
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A cost-of-living squeeze? Distributional implications of rising inflation (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1744
    Schlagwort(e): Inflation ; Verteilungswirkung ; Verbraucherpreisindex ; Schätzung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: Inflation has quickly and significantly increased in most OECD countries since the end of 2021 and further accelerated after Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, mostly driven by surging energy and food prices. Certain categories of households are particularly vulnerable, as large parts of their consumption expenditures are devoted to energy and food. Drawing on national micro-based household budget surveys and on CPI data, this paper provides a quantification of the impact of rising prices on households’ welfare. Declines in household purchasing power between August 2021 and August 2022 are estimated to range from 3% in Japan to 18% in the Czech Republic. This decline is driven by energy prices in most countries, especially Denmark, Italy, and the United Kingdom, while energy prices play a lesser role in countries where inflation is more broad-based like the Czech Republic and the United States. In all considered countries, inflation weighs relatively more on low than high-income households. Rural households are hit particularly hard, most often more than low-incomes ones, and this is driven by energy price inflation. To cushion vulnerable households from rising inflation, especially from energy prices, these findings call for a careful targeting of income and price support measures, notwithstanding their administrative and logistical complexity, taking into account their effects on economic activity, inflation, and, last but not least, environmental goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/4b7539a3-en
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Getting on the job ladder: The policy drivers of hiring transitions (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1710
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper delivers new evidence for European countries on the role of a wide range of policies for workers’ mobility in terms of hiring transitions into jobs, with an emphasis on differences across socio-economic groups. Labour market transitions are relevant in the current context where the ongoing recovery from the COVID-19 crisis is characterised by labour shortages and at the same time still low employment in a number of countries. The analysis focuses on the probability to transition from unemployment and selected forms of inactivity (e.g. fulfilling domestic tasks, studying) to jobs and from one job to another. Results of this work show the strong association between hiring flows and the business cycle with specific patterns during recoveries, recessions and expansions. The analysis further reveals that a broad range of policies influence hiring transitions, such as labour market policies, taxes and social support programmes but also product market regulations and regulations affecting certain professions. Country-specific priorities will vary depending on context, challenges and social preferences. Yet common policy objectives at the current recovery context are likely to improve the job prospects of the non-employed, especially youth, low-skilled and women, to help the recovery, foster reallocation and to address labour shortages.
    DOI: 10.1787/0304c673-en
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The post-COVID-19 rise in labour shortages (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1721
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarkt ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The labour market recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic has been strong among advanced countries, partly reflecting massive and unprecedented policy support to workers and firms. This paper provides evidence and stylised facts about labour market tightening and labour shortages since the onset of the pandemic. Labour shortages have been widespread across countries, yet particularly in Australia, Canada and the United States; and across industries, yet particularly in contact-intensive ones like accommodation and food, but also manufacturing. This picture is to a good extent driven by cyclical factors: in tight labour markets, workers are more likely to switch for better job opportunities. But this paper argues, based on illustrative evidence, that other factors beyond the economic cycle may also play a role: the post-COVID-19 increase in labour shortages may partly reflect structural changes, in particular changes in preferences, as some workers may no longer accept low-pay and poor or strenuous working conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/e60c2d1c-en
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    COVID-19, productivity and reallocation: Timely evidence from three OECD countries (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.)
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1676
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Australia ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: The longer run consequences of the pandemic will partly hinge on its impact on high productivity firms, and the ongoing process of labour reallocation from low to high productivity firms. While Schumpeter (1939) proposed that recessions can accelerate this process, the nature of the COVID-19 shock coupled with a policy response that prioritised preservation (over reallocation) raises questions about whether job reallocation remained productivity-enhancing. Using novel, near-real-time data for Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, this paper shows that while labour turnover fell in response to the pandemic, job reallocation remained connected to firm productivity – that is, high productivity firms were more likely to expand and low productivity firms were more likely to contract. The pandemic coincided with a temporary strengthening of the reallocation-productivity link in Australia – but a weakening in New Zealand – which appears related to the design of job retention schemes. Finally, firms that intensively used Apps to manage their business were more resilient, even after controlling for productivity. Thus, while policy partly suppressed creative destruction, the nature of the shock – i.e. one where being online and able to operate remotely were key – favoured high productivity and tech-savvy firms, resulting in a reallocation of labour to such firms. The use of timely, novel data to investigate the allocative effects of the pandemic marks a significant advance, given that the seminal paper on productivity-enhancing reallocation during the Great Recession arrived some six years after Lehman Brothers collapsed.
    DOI: 10.1787/d2c4b89c-en
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  • 10
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    Online-Ressource
    The laws of attraction: Economic drivers of inter-regional migration, housing costs and the role of policies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1679
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper sheds light on inter-regional migration, housing and the role of policies, drawing on a new comparative cross-country approach. The results show that OECD countries exhibit stark variation in both levels and trends in inter-regional migration, which is found to be highly responsive to local housing and economic conditions. In turn, a large number of policies in the area of housing, labour markets, social protection and product markets influence the responsiveness of inter-regional migration to local economic conditions. For instance, more flexible housing supply makes inter-regional migration more responsive to local economic conditions while higher regulatory barriers to business start-ups and entry in professions significantly reduce the responsiveness of inter-regional mobility to local economic conditions. The capacity of workers to move regions in response to local economic shocks is one key dimension of labour market dynamism which could, at the current juncture, contribute to the recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. In this context, the paper proposes articulating structural with place-based policies to help prospective movers as well as stayers.
    DOI: 10.1787/da8e368a-en
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The COVID-19 shock and productivity-enhancing reallocation in Australia: Real-time evidence from Single Touch Payroll (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.)
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1677
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Australia
    Kurzfassung: The consequences of the pandemic for potential output will partly hinge on its impact on high productivity firms, and more generally the ongoing process of productivity-enhancing reallocation – the rate at which scarce resources are reallocated from less productive to more productive firms. While Schumpeter (1939) originally proposed that recessions can accelerate this process, the more ‘random’ nature of the COVID-19 shock coupled with a policy response that prioritised preservation (over reallocation) raises questions about whether job reallocation remained productivity-enhancing over the course of the pandemic. Despite these headwinds, our analysis based on novel high-frequency employment data for Australia shows that job reallocation (and firm exit) remained solidly connected to firm productivity over 2020. The greater resilience of high productivity firms is significant, given that an indiscriminate shakeout of such firms – and the associated destruction of firm-specific intangible capital – would have imparted significant scarring effects. As it turns out, the temporary nature of Australia’s job retention scheme (JobKeeper) made an important (and surprising) positive contribution to this process, with material consequences for aggregate productivity. But the scheme appears to have become more distortive over time, justifying its timely withdraw – on productivity grounds at least.
    DOI: 10.1787/2f6e7cb1-en
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Migration, housing and regional disparities: A gravity model of inter-regional migration with an application to selected OECD countries (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1691
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Inter-regional migration – the movements of the population from one region to another within the same country – can be an important mechanism of spatial economic adjustment, affecting regional demographic and growth patterns. This paper examines the economic and housing-related factors that affect the decision of people to migrate to another region within the same country, drawing empirical evidence from country-specific gravity models of inter-regional migration for 14 OECD countries. The results suggest that inter-regional migrants move in search of higher income and better employment opportunities, but are discouraged by high housing costs. In particular, house prices are found to be an important barrier to migration, especially in countries having experienced strong increases in the level and cross-regional dispersion of house prices. There is however large heterogeneity across countries in terms of what factors matter the most and in terms of the magnitude of the migration response.
    DOI: 10.1787/421bf4aa-en
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Labour market transitions across OECD countries: Stylised facts (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1692
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a descriptive analysis of patterns and trends of worker transitions across European countries and the United States, with an emphasis on differences across socio-economic groups. Understanding labour market transitions is important to gauge the scope of labour market reallocation and scarring effects from the COVID-19 crisis. Results of this work show that labour market transitions vary significantly from one country to another and also within countries from one socio-economic group to another. For instance, women are much more likely than men to move in and out of jobs. This reflects the unequal burden of family-related work, which contributes to the higher propensity of women to drop out of the labour force. Zooming in on labour market transitions over the great financial crisis provides an illustration of the long-lasting effects and scarring risks associated with recessions on labour market transitions, especially for young people entering the labour market. The results of this granular analysis inform the policy debate for an efficient and inclusive recovery. While current priorities vary across countries based on economic and social context, one overarching challenge for the recovery is to facilitate hiring dynamics and to minimise long-term unemployment and scarring risks among vulnerable groups who have been hardest hit and face higher risks of scarring from the recession, in particular young people and women.
    DOI: 10.1787/62c85872-en
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  • 14
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    Online-Ressource
    Should I stay or should I go? : housing and residential mobility across OECD countries (2020)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1626
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper delivers new evidence on the individual and policy drivers of residential mobility, covering a wide range of housing-related policies and conditions but also other relevant policy areas. The analysis uses household-level micro datasets allowing for an investigation of the drivers of the decision to move for a large number of OECD countries; as well for identifying differential policy effects across socio-economic groups, underscoring the distributional effect of policies. The evidence strongly supports the view that housing conditions and structural policies influence people’s decisions and possibilities to move. A more responsive housing supply is associated with higher residential mobility, suggesting that reforming land-use and planning policies may facilitate moving by reducing house price differences across locations. Social cash and in-kind spending on housing are positively correlated with residential mobility. Higher housing transaction costs, including from transfer taxes, are associated with lower residential mobility, especially among younger households, which are more likely to be first time-buyers. Stricter rental regulations are associated with lower residential mobility, particularly for renters, low-educated and low-income households. Beyond housing policies, more generous cash income support to low-wage jobseekers and minimum income schemes embedded in social transfers are positively associated with residential mobility; while excessive job protection on regular contracts is negatively associated with mobility, particularly for youth, low-income and low-educated individuals.
    DOI: 10.1787/d91329c2-en
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  • 15
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    Online-Ressource
    The career effects of labour market conditions at entry (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Serie: OECD Productivity Working Papers no.20
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the effects of labour market conditions at graduation on an individual’s work-life over the following decade. Australians graduating into a state and year with a 5 percentage point higher youth unemployment rate can expect to earn roughly 8 per cent less in their first year of work and 3½ per cent less after five years, with the effect gradually fading to around zero ten years on. The magnitude of this effect varies according to the characteristics of the individual and the tertiary institution they attend. We then explore the mechanisms behind this scarring. Scarring partly reflects the subsequent evolution of the unemployment rate — the fact that unemployment shocks tend to persist — highlighting the potential for timely and effective macroeconomic stabilisation policies to ameliorate these scarring effects. More generally, job switching to more productive firms emerges as a key channel through which workers recover from adverse shocks that initially disrupt (worker-firm) match quality. We find some evidence that the speed of recovery has slowed since 2000, which is consistent with the decline in labour market dynamism observed in Australia over that period.
    DOI: 10.1787/29c11c75-en
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  • 16
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    Housing, wealth accumulation and wealth distribution : evidence and stylized facts (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1588
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper produces new evidence and stylised facts on housing, wealth accumulation and wealth distribution, relying on an in-depth analysis of micro-based data on household wealth across OECD countries. The analysis addresses several questions: i) How is homeownership and housing tenure distributed across the population along various socio-economic characteristics such as income, wealth and age? What is the weight of housing in households’ balance sheets and how does this vary across socio-economic groups? ii) What is the incidence of mortgage debt across households and how does this vary across socio-economic groups? What is the impact of mortgage debt on access to homeownership and wealth accumulation, and on debt overburden and financial risks among vulnerable groups? iii) Is housing a vehicle for wealth accumulation? Can it be a barrier to residential mobility? iv) Is there a link between homeownership and wealth inequality? Between inequality in housing wealth and in total wealth? A key policy issue addressed in this paper is whether and how housing-related policies affect wealth distribution. Another important issue is whether housing-related policies raise potential trade-offs between equity, or inequality reduction, and other policy objectives such as employment and productivity growth as well as macroeconomic resilience. Informed by the stylised facts and existing evidence, this paper discusses preliminary policy implications of housing reform to promote inclusiveness and social mobility, to enhance efficiency in the allocation of labour and capital and to strengthen macroeconomic resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/86954c10-en
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  • 17
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    Online-Ressource
    An empirical investigation on the drivers of income redistribution across OECD countries (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1488
    Schlagwort(e): 1995 - 2015 ; Einkommensverteilung ; Umverteilung ; Steuerprogression ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an empirical investigation on the drivers of tax and transfer income redistribution to working-age households across the OECD over the last two decades, in a context where it has been declining in the vast majority of countries. The analytical approach is based on a reduced-form model of income redistribution which is estimated through cross-country-time series regressions. The baseline model builds on the political economy literature of income redistribution and includes a set of non-policy drivers such as labour market and socio-demographic conditions as well as measures of globalisation and technological change. The baseline model is augmented with major direct policy drivers of income redistribution covering tax revenue and social spending as well as a selection of tax and transfer policy parameters. Changes in the size of the tax and transfer systems likely to have contributed to the decline in income redistribution include the decline in social spending on cash support for working-age population and the diminishing role of personal income taxes in reducing inequality under the effect of increasing trade openness. Changes in specific tax and transfer policy instruments and parameters likely to have contributed to the decline in income redistribution include a flattening of the tax schedule in the upper-part of the wage distribution, a decline in the generosity and duration of unemployment-related transfers, including cuts to social assistance, and pension and early retirement reforms to encourage longer working life.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5cb47f33-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 18
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    Design of insolvency regimes across countries (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1504
    Schlagwort(e): 2010 - 2016 ; Insolvenz ; Private Verschuldung ; Marktaustritt ; Allokationseffizienz ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores cross-country differences in the design of insolvency regimes, based on quantitative indicators constructed from countries’ responses to a recent OECD policy questionnaire. The indicators – which are available for 36 countries for 2010 and 2016 – aim to better capture the key design features of insolvency which impact the timely initiation and resolution of personal and corporate insolvency proceedings. According to these metrics, the design of insolvency regimes varies significantly across countries, with important differences emerging with respect to the treatment of failed entrepreneurs, the availability of preventative and streamlining tools and ease of corporate restructuring. While a comparison of indicator values for 2010 and 2016 imply that recent reform efforts have improved policy design, there remains much scope to reform insolvency regimes in many OECD countries. This is particularly significant in light of complementary analysis which shows that the design of insolvency regimes is relevant for understanding three inter-related sources of contemporary labour productivity weakness: the survival of “zombie” firms, capital misallocation and stalling technological diffusion.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/d44dc56f-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 19
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    Income redistribution across OECD countries : main findings and policy implications (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD economic policy paper no. 23 (September 2018)
    Serie: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.23
    Schlagwort(e): Verteilungspolitik ; Einkommensverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Income inequality has increased in most OECD countries over the past two decades. This is both because market incomes (wages, dividends, interest income) have become more unequally distributed, and also because redistribution through taxes and transfers has fallen. New OECD work explores cross-country evidence on trends in income redistribution since the mid-1990s to shed some light on the main drivers of the general decline.
    DOI: 10.1787/3b63e61c-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 20
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    Will the inflation genie stay in the bottle? (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le génie de l’inflation restera-t-il dans sa lampe ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/3cee311b-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 21
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    Online-Ressource
    A genie in a bottle? : globalisation, competition and inflation (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1462
    Schlagwort(e): Globalisierung ; Wettbewerb ; Inflation ; Marktmacht ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Declining inflation in many countries over the past few decades at the same time as rising global competition has led to a debate on the importance of globalisation for domestic inflation. This paper explores the implications of global value chain (GVC) integration and market contestability for inflation using a range of industry-level and micro-data sources. We provide evidence that rising participation in GVCs has placed downward pressure on producer price inflation, by increasing the ability of firms to substitute domestic inputs with cheaper foreign equivalents. We investigate the channels, which suggests that increased GVC participation contributed to lower inflation via downward pressures on unit labour costs – by raising productivity and reducing wages – in the importing country, especially when low-wage countries are integrated in supply chains. We then present industry-level evidence to support the conjecture that a higher level of GVC integration dampens producer price inflation by accentuating the impact of global economic slack on domestic inflation. However, we also find an increasing trend in mark-ups, suggestive of rising market power, particularly in services sectors. Thus, looking forward, there is a risk that stalling globalisation since the crisis, coupled with stronger aggregate demand and declining market contestability, could lead to inflationary pressures in the medium term, thereby letting the inflation genie out of the bottle.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/deda7e54-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 22
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    Digital technology diffusion : a matter of capabilities, incentives or both? (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1476
    Schlagwort(e): 2010 - 2016 ; Digitalisierung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Qualifikation ; Europa ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Insufficient diffusion of new technologies has been quoted as one possible reason for weak productivity performance over the past two decades (Andrews et al., 2016). This paper uses a novel data set of digital technology usage covering 25 industries in 25 European countries over the 2010-16 period to explore the drivers of digital adoption across two broad sets of digital technologies by firms, cloud computing and back or front office integration. The focus is on structural and policy factors affecting firms’ capabilities and incentives to adopt -- including the availability of enabling infrastructures (such as high-speed broadband internet), managerial quality and workers skills, and product, labour and financial market settings. We identify the effects of structural and policy factors based on the difference-in-difference approach pioneered by Rajan and Zingales (1998) and show that a number of these factors are statistically and economically significant for technology adoption. Specifically, we find strong support for the hypothesis that low managerial quality, lack of ICT skills and poor matching of workers to jobs curb digital technology adoption and hence the rate of diffusion. Similarly our evidence suggests that policies affecting market incentives are important for adoption, especially those relevant for market access, competition and efficient reallocation of labour and capital. Finally, we show that there are important complementarities between the two sets of factors, with market incentives reinforcing the positive effects of enhancements in firm capabilities on adoption of digital technologies
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/7c542c16-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 23
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    Le génie de l’inflation restera-t-il dans sa lampe ? (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Will the inflation genie stay in the bottle?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/1ba9e060-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 24
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    Breaking the shackles : zombie firms, weak banks and depressed restructuring in Europe (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1433
    Schlagwort(e): Kreditrationierung ; Produktivität ; Insolvenz ; Europa ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the connection between “zombie” firms (firms that would typically exit in a competitive market) and bank health and the consequences for aggregate productivity in 11 European countries. Controlling for cyclical effects, the results show that zombie firms are more likely to be connected to weak banks, suggesting that the zombie firm problem in Europe may at least partly stem from bank forbearance. The increasing survival of zombie firms congests markets and constrains the growth of more productive firms, to the detriment of aggregate productivity growth. Our results suggest that around one-third of the impact of zombie congestion on capital misallocation could be directly attributed to bank health and additional analysis suggests that this may partly be due to reduced availability of credit to healthy firms. Finally, improvements in bank health are more likely to be associated with a reduction in the prevalence of zombie firms in countries where insolvency regimes do not unduly inhibit corporate restructuring. Thus, leveraging the important complementarities between bank strengthening efforts and insolvency regime reform would contribute to breaking the shackles on potential growth in Europe.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/0815ce0c-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 25
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    Income redistribution through taxes and transfers across OECD countries (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 92 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1453
    Schlagwort(e): Umverteilung ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Steuer ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper produces a comprehensive assessment of income redistribution to the working-age population, covering OECD countries over the last two decades. Redistribution is quantified as the relative reduction in market income inequality achieved by personal income taxes, employees’ social security contributions and cash transfers, based on household-level micro data. A detailed decomposition analysis uncovers the respective roles of size, tax progressivity and transfer targeting for overall redistribution, the respective role of various categories of transfers for transfer redistribution; as well as redistribution for various income groups. The paper shows a widespread decline in redistribution across the OECD, both on average and in the majority of countries for which data going back to the mid-1990s are available. This was primarily associated with a decline in cash transfer redistribution while personal income taxes played a less important and more heterogeneous role across countries. In turn, the decline in the redistributive effect of cash transfers reflected a decline in their size and in particular by less redistributive insurance transfers. In some countries, this was mitigated by more redistributive assistance transfers but the resulting increase in the targeting of total transfers was not sufficient to prevent transfer redistribution from declining.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/bc7569c6-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 26
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    Confronting the zombies : policies for productivity revival (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD economic policy paper no. 21 (December 2017)
    Serie: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.21
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Insolvenz ; Unternehmenssanierung ; Bank ; Allokation ; Marktaustritt ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Policies that spur more efficient corporate restructuring can revive productivity growth by targeting three inter-related sources of labour productivity weakness: the survival of “zombie” firms (low productivity firms that would typically exit in a competitive market), capital misallocation and stalling technological diffusion. New OECD policy indicators show that there is much scope to improve the design of insolvency regimes in order to reduce the barriers to restructuring of weak firms and the personal costs associated with entrepreneurial failure. Insolvency regime reform can not only address the aforementioned sources of productivity weakness but also enhance the productivity impacts of reducing entry barriers in product markets. As the zombie firm problem may partly stem from bank forbearance, complementary reforms to insolvency regimes are essential to ensure that a more aggressive policy to resolve non-performing loans is effective. Distortions in the banking sector highlight the importance of market-based financing instruments for productivity growth with the inherent debt bias in corporate tax systems emerging as a key barrier to technological diffusion. Finally, well-designed job search and retraining policies are effective at returning workers displaced by firm exit to work, particularly in environments where barriers to firm entry are low.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/f14fd801-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 27
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    Coping with creative destruction : reducing the costs of firm exit (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1353
    Schlagwort(e): Kündigung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Marktaustritt ; Kosten ; Schumpeterismus ; Employment ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: A policy framework that does not unduly inhibit the creative destruction process is vital to sustaining productivity growth. Yet, a key question is what happens to workers who lose their jobs due to this process and what are the policies that minimise the costs of worker displacement? Accordingly, this paper exploits a retrospective panel of workers in 13 European countries over the period 1986-2008 to explore the factors which shape the re-employment prospects of workers displaced due to firm exit. The results suggest that higher spending on active labour market policies (ALMPs), financed through an offsetting reduction in spending on passive measures, can aid the re-employment prospects of displaced workers. There may also be a case to better tailor ALMPs to workers displaced by firm exit to the extent that the re-employment probabilities of this group of workers are more sensitive to ALMPs than workers that are displaced for other involuntary reasons. The effectiveness of ALMPs is also enhanced by lower entry barriers in product markets and higher public sector efficiency, while reductions in the labour tax wedge can aid the re-employment prospects of displaced workers. Finally, regional mobility emerges as a key channel through which workers who lose their job due to plant closure become re-employed, suggesting that housing market policies may also be relevant.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/bbb44644-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 28
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    The walking dead? : zombie firms and productivity performance in OECD countries (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1372
    Schlagwort(e): 2003 - 2013 ; Unternehmensfinanzierung ; Marktaustritt ; Investition ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Allokation ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the extent to which “zombie” firms – defined as old firms that have persistent problems meeting their interest payments – are stifling labour productivity performance. The results show that the prevalence of and resources sunk in zombie firms have risen since the mid-2000s and that the increasing survival of these low productivity firms at the margins of exit congests markets and constrains the growth of more productive firms. Controlling for cyclical effects, cross-country analysis shows that within-industries over the period 2003-2013, a higher share of industry capital sunk in zombie firms is associated with lower investment and employment growth of the typical non-zombie firm and less productivity-enhancing capital reallocation. Besides limiting the expansion possibilities of healthy incumbent firms, market congestion generated by zombie firms can also create barriers to entry and constrain the post-entry growth of young firms. Finally, we link the rise of zombie firms to the decline in OECD potential output growth through two key channels: business investment and multi-factor productivity growth
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/180d80ad-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 29
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    Insolvency regimes, technology diffusion and productivity growth : evidence from firms in OECD countries (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1425
    Schlagwort(e): Insolvenz ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftsdaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the link between the design of insolvency regimes across countries and laggard firms’ multi-factor productivity (MFP) growth, using new OECD indicators of the design of insolvency regimes. Firm-level analysis shows that reforms to insolvency regimes that lower barriers to corporate restructuring are associated with higher MFP growth of laggard firms. These results are consistent with the idea that insolvency regimes that do not unduly inhibit corporate restructuring can incentivise experimentation and provide scope to reconfigure production and organisational structures in order to faciliate technological adoption. The results also highlight policy complementarities, with insolvency regimes that reduce the cost of entrepreneurial failure potentially enhancing the MFP gains from lowering administrative entry barriers in product markets. Finally, we find that reducing debt bias in corporate tax systems and well-developed venture capital markets are associated higher laggard firm MFP growth, suggesting that equity financing can also be an important driver of technological diffusion. These findings carry strong policy implications, in light of the fact that there is much scope to reform insolvency regimes in many OECD countries and given evidence that stalling technological diffusion has contributed to the aggregate productivity slowdown.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/36600267-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 30
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    Rebalancing Turkey's growth by improving resource allocation and productivity in manufacturing (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1367
    Schlagwort(e): Industrie ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Strukturwandel ; Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Türkei ; Economics ; Turkey ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Turkey’s manufacturing sector has expanded considerably but not efficiently and competitively enough. This paper documents the drivers of its recent growth and diversification, and the factors that have held it back. It documents its segmentation and the outsized tail of poorly performing firms, which undermines aggregate productivity growth. Low productivity eases job creation in the short term, but undermines it in the long run and holds back improvements in living standards because of competitiveness losses. A core of well-performing firms (“frontier firms”) is not growing at full potential because of shortcomings in the policy framework. Intermediary (“follower”) firms sustain competition and deliver jobs, but tend to fall behind in productivity. Lower productivity units (“laggards”), which employ a large share of the low-skilled majority of the working age population, survive mostly thanks to the incomplete enforcement of rules and regulations. The resulting stalemate requires a coherent strategy of “systemic upgrading” of the business environment. This would enable all firms to operate in compliance with the law and on a level-playing field, under supportive regulations, taxation and innovation incentives. All firms could then achieve stronger productivity gains and the most promising firms could grow faster. At the same time, a credible flexicurity system needs to be put in place that facilitates adjustment in the labour market while protecting those affected by structural change.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/c35af920-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 31
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    Fostering innovative business investment in Spain (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1387
    Schlagwort(e): KMU ; Wettbewerb ; Innovationsmanagement ; Spanien ; Economics ; Spain ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Spain has chronically low productivity growth, which undermines its ability to generate higher living standards. Important contributors to low productivity growth are the misallocation of capital to low productivity firms and under-investment in knowledge-based capital. To foster a better allocation of capital a first priority is to better tune bank, capital market and government financing to the needs of new innovative firms. This could be done through better small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) bond and loan securitisation tools, reallocating public financing to early stage finance and making it easier for firms to access public innovation funding by shifting some funding from loans to grants for research and development (R&D) projects. Attracting more foreign capital and improving the regulatory framework to increase the return on investment would also help. This could be done by reducing regulatory barriers that hold back competition, improving the neutrality of the tax system, improving pricing signals and reforming insolvency laws.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/f957c2cc-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 32
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    Skills mismatch, productivity and policies : evidence from the second wave of PIAAC (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1403
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivität ; Allokation ; Humankapital ; Fachkräfte ; Berufsbildung ; Arbeitsmobilität ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper extends earlier OECD work exploring the link between skills mismatch, productivity and policies to include the countries in the second wave of OECD Survey of Adult Skills, with a special focus on New Zealand. We find that the percentage of workers who are mismatched in terms of skills is 28% in New Zealand, slightly over the OECD average of 25%. The share of over-skilling is at the OECD average of 18%, while the share of under-skilling - at around 10% - is also above the OECD average of 7%. The results suggest that improving the allocation of skills to OECD best practice could be associated with an increase in productivity of around 7% in New Zealand.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/65dab7c6-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 33
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    Insolvency regimes, zombie firms and capital reallocation (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1399
    Schlagwort(e): Private Verschuldung ; Insolvenz ; Unternehmensfinanzierung ; Allokation ; Produktivität ; Marktaustritt ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores cross-country differences in the design of insolvency regimes and their potential links with two inter-related sources of labour productivity weakness: the survival of “zombie” firms (firms that would typically exit in a competitive market) and capital misallocation. New cross-country policy indicators of insolvency regimes are constructed based on countries’ responses to a recent OECD questionnaire, which aimed to better capture the key design features of insolvency which impact the timely initiation and resolution of insolvency proceedings. According to these metrics, cross-country differences in the design of insolvency regimes are significant. Firm level analysis shows that reforms to insolvency regimes which reduce barriers to corporate restructuring and the personal cost associated with entrepreneurial failure may reduce the share of capital sunk in zombie firms. These gains are partly realised via the restructuring of weak firms, which in turn spurs the reallocation of capital to more productive firms. These findings carry strong policy implications, in light of the fact that there is much scope to reform insolvency regimes in many OECD countries and given evidence that rising capital misallocation and the increasing survival of low productivity firms have contributed to the productivity slowdown.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5a16beda-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 34
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    Online-Ressource
    Inequality in Denmark through the looking glass (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1341
    Schlagwort(e): Einkommensverteilung ; Strukturpolitik ; Wachstumspolitik ; Vergleich ; Dänemark ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Denmark ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper delivers a broad assessment of income inequality in Denmark. As a necessary preamble to provide a basis for discussion, we start by contrasting Danish official inequality measures with those gathered by the OECD in an international context. We show that differences between these two sources are fully explained by differences in methodological choices. We then go beyond synthetic measures of inequality to deliver a granular assessment of income distribution and of the distributional impact of taxes and transfers; and on this basis we compare Denmark to other OECD countries. This approach is then used to quantify the distributional impact of some growth-enhancing reforms undertaken or recommended for Denmark, based on empirical evidence across OECD countries. Finally, we take a forward looking stance by discussing global forces shaping the rise in inequality, in particular skill-biased technological change and deliver a tentative scenario for Denmark in the wider OECD context.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jln041vm6tg-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 35
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    Online-Ressource
    The distributional impact of structural reforms (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1342
    Schlagwort(e): Einkommensverteilung ; Verteilungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In a majority of OECD countries, GDP growth over the past three decades has been associated with growing income disparities. To shed some lights on the potential sources of trade-offs between growth and equity, this paper investigates the long-run impact of structural reforms on household incomes across the distribution, hence on income inequality. The paper builds on a macro-micro approach by combining recent macro-level estimates of the impact of structural reforms on macroeconomic growth with micro-level estimates of the impact of structural reforms on household incomes across the income distribution. It considers the sources of macroeconomic growth, by decomposing growth in GDP per capita into growth in labour utilisation and labour productivity. This allows for shedding light on the mechanisms through which growth and its drivers, including policy drivers, benefit household incomes at different points of the income distribution. Most structural reforms are found to have little impact on income inequality when the latter is assessed through measures that emphasise the middle class. By contrast, a higher number of structural reforms, in particular social protection reforms, are found to have an impact on income inequality and thus may raise tradeoffs and synergies between growth equity objectives when inequality is assessed through measures that emphasise relatively more incomes among the poor. This corresponds to higher degrees of inequality aversion.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jln041nkpwc-en
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  • 36
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    Online-Ressource
    The distribution of the growth dividends (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1343
    Schlagwort(e): Einkommensverteilung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Verteilungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Widespread increases in inequality over the past three decades have raised the question of the distribution of the growth dividends. This paper finds that there is no single answer to this question. The mechanisms that link growth and income inequality are found to differ depending on the sources of growth and on whether one considers income inequality before or after government redistribution, that is, inequality in market incomes, i.e. income derived before taxes and transfers, or inequality in disposable incomes, that is, income after taxes and transfers. Labour productivity growth is found to have contributed to rising market income inequality, while this was partly mitigated through government redistribution, on average across OECD countries over the last decades. By contrast, employment growth is found to have had an equalising impact, benefiting mostly the households in the lower part of the income distribution. These two forces tended to offset each other and resulted in a broadly distribution-neutral impact of GDP per capita growth, on average across OECD countries over the last three decades. While inequality has risen in many countries, this would tend to suggest that factors other than GDP growth itself have been driving widening income gaps between rich and poor households.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/7c8c6cc1-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 37
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    Online-Ressource
    The best versus the rest : the global productivity slowdown, divergence across firms and the role of public policy (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers no. 05 (November 2016)
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers
    Schlagwort(e): firm dynamics ; regulation ; knowledge diffusion ; technological change ; productivity ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In this paper, we aim to bring the debate on the global productivity slowdown – which has largely been conducted from a macroeconomic perspective – to a more micro-level. We show that a particularly striking feature of the productivity slowdown is not so much a lower productivity growth at the global frontier, but rather rising labour productivity at the global frontier coupled with an increasing labour productivity divergence between the global frontier and laggard (non-frontier) firms. This productivity divergence remains after controlling for differences in capital deepening and mark-up behaviour, suggesting that divergence in measured multi-factor productivity (MFP) may in fact reflect technological divergence in a broad sense. This divergence could plausibly reflect the potential for structural changes in the global economy – namely digitalisation, globalisation and the rising importance of tacit knowledge – to fuel rapid productivity gains at the global frontier. Yet, aggregate MFP performance was significantly weaker in industries where MFP divergence was more pronounced, suggesting that the divergence observed is not solely driven by frontier firms pushing the boundary outward. We contend that increasing MFP divergence – and the global productivity slowdown more generally – could reflect a slowdown in the diffusion process. This could be a reflection of increasing costs for laggard firms of moving from an economy based on production to one based on ideas. But it could also be symptomatic of rising entry barriers and a decline in the contestability of markets. We find the rise in MFP divergence to be much more extreme in sectors where pro-competitive product market reforms were least extensive, suggesting that policy weaknesses may be stifling diffusion in OECD economies.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/63629cc9-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 38
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    Insolvency regimes and productivity growth : a framework for analysis (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1309
    Schlagwort(e): Insolvenz ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper develops an analytical framework to identify the policies relevant for firm exit and the channels through which they shape aggregate productivity growth. A range of potentially relevant policies are identified, spanning insolvency regimes, regulations affecting product, labour and financial markets, macroeconomic policies, subsidies, taxation and environment regulations. These policies can directly shape aggregate productivity along the exit margin through a variety of channels, including the strength of market selection and the scope and speed at which scarce resources consumed by failing firms can be reallocated to more productive uses. However, since market imperfections often generate obstacles to the orderly exit of failing firms, the efficiency of insolvency regimes emerges as particularly crucial. Thus, the paper analyses corporate and personal insolvency regimes in terms of their goals, optimal design (including trade-offs) and key features relevant for explaining cross-country differences in productivity. Finally, the paper proposes a strategy to obtain policy indicators that better capture cross-country differences in the key design features of corporate and personal insolvency regimes, with a view to facilitate further research on exit policies and productivity growth.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlv2jqhxgq6-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 39
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    Productivity spillovers from the global frontier and public policy : industry-level evidence (2015)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (44 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1238
    Schlagwort(e): 1984 - 2007 ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Spillover-Effekt ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Schumpeterismus ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: For much of the second half of the twentieth century, labour productivity grew rapidly in most OECD economies, fuelled by the adoption of a large stock of unexploited existing technologies. However, the slowdown in productivity growth over the past decade underscores the idea that as economies converge toward the global technological frontier, the ability to capitalise on new innovations developed at frontier becomes more important. Using industry level data for 15 countries over the period 1984-2007, this paper augments the neo-Schumpeterian framework to identify the relevant channels and policies that shape an economy’s ability to learn from the global productivity frontier. An economy’s ability to benefit from frontier innovation is a positive function of its degree of international connectedness, ability to allocate skills efficiently and investments in knowledge based capital, including managerial capital and R&D. Productivity growth, via more effective learning from the global frontier, is supported by a policy framework that promotes efficient resource allocation – including lower barriers to entrepreneurship, efficient judicial systems and bankruptcy laws that do not overly penalise failure – and fosters the creation of markets for seed and early stage finance. Innovation policies that support basic research and facilitate the absorption of external knowledge for firms – including via university-industry R&D collaboration – also enhance spillovers from the global productivity frontier, and consequently, productivity growth.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5js03hkvxhmr-en
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  • 40
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    Online-Ressource
    Structural reforms and income distribution (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (34 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD economic policy paper 13
    Serie: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.13
    Schlagwort(e): Strukturpolitik ; Einkommensverteilung ; Vergleich ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides new empirical evidence on the effects of structural policies on household disposable incomes at different income levels. More specifically, it investigates the extent to which structural policies have differential long-run impacts on GDP per capita and on household incomes at different points of the distribution. One aim is to verify whether policy decisions may face tradeoffs between objectives of economic efficiency and equity. Many growth enhancing structural reforms are found to deliver stronger income gains for households at the lower end of the distribution compared with the average household, an indication that they may reduce inequality in disposable incomes. Such is the case of reducing regulatory barriers to domestic competition as well as to trade and FDI; stepping-up job-search support and activation programmes. Conversely, other reforms involve trade-offs between the efficiency and equity objective. This is the case of the tightening of unemployment benefits for the long-term unemployed, which is found to lift GDP per capita and average household incomes, but also to reduce disposable incomes at the lower end of the distribution.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5js3777lbxzn-en
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  • 41
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    Online-Ressource
    Labour market mismatch and labour productivity : evidence from PIAAC data (2015)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (50 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1209
    Schlagwort(e): Fachkräfte ; Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Führungskräfte ; Humankapital ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the link between skill and qualification mismatch and labour productivity using cross-country industry data for 19 OECD countries. Utilising mismatch indicators aggregated from micro-data sourced from the recent OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), the main results suggest that higher skill and qualification mismatch is associated with lower labour productivity, with over-skilling and under-qualification accounting for most of these impacts. A novel result is that higher skill mismatch is associated with lower labour productivity through a less efficient allocation of resources, presumably because when the share of over-skilled workers is higher, more productive firms find it more difficult to attract skilled labour and gain market shares at the expense of less productive firms. At the same time, a higher share of under-qualified workers is associated with both lower allocative efficiency and within-firm productivity – i.e. a lower ratio of high productivity to low productivity firms. While differences in managerial quality can potentially account for the relationship between mismatch and within-firm productivity, the paper offers some preliminary insights into the policy factors that might explain the link between skill mismatch and resource allocation.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5js1pzx1r2kb-en
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Skill mismatch and public policy in OECD countries (2015)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (51 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1210
    Schlagwort(e): framework policies ; Fachkräfte ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Humankapital ; Bildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the relationship between skill mismatch and public policies using micro data for 22 OECD countries from the recent OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). Results suggest that differences in skill mismatch across countries are related to differences in public policies. After controlling for individual and job characteristics, well-designed product and labour markets and bankruptcy laws that do not overly penalise business failure are associated with lower skill mismatch. Given the negative relationship between skill mismatch and labour productivity, reducing skill mismatch emerges as a new channel through which well-designed framework policies can boost labour productivity. Skill mismatch is also lower in countries with housing policies that do not impede residential mobility (e.g. transaction costs on buying property and stringent planning regulations). Greater flexibility in wage negotiations and higher participation in lifelong learning as well higher managerial quality are also associated with a better matching of skills to jobs.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5js1pzw9lnwk-en
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  • 43
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    Online-Ressource
    Frontier firms, technology diffusion and public policy : micro evidence from OECD countries (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers no. 02
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Technische Effizienz ; Allokation ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Mikrodaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses the characteristics of firms that operate at the global productivity frontier and their relationship with other firms in the economy, focusing on the diffusion of global productivity gains and the policies that faciliate it. Firms at the global productivity frontier – defined as the most productive firms in each two-digit industry across 23 countries – are typically larger, more profitable, younger and more likely to patent and be part of a multinational group than other firms. Despite the slowdown in aggregate productivity, productivity growth at the global frontier remained robust over the 2000s. At the same time, the rising productivity gap between the global frontier and other firms raises key questions about why seemingly non-rival technologies do not diffuse to all firms. The analysis reveals a highly uneven process of technological diffusion, which is consistent with a model whereby global frontier technologies only diffuse to laggards once they are adapted to country-specific circumstances by the most productive firms within each country (i.e. national frontier firms). This motivates an analysis of the sources of differences in the productivity and size of national frontier firms vis-à-vis the global frontier and the catch-up of laggard firms to the national productivity frontier. Econometric analysis suggests that well-designed framework policies can aid productivity diffusion by sharpening firms’ incentives for technological adoption and by promoting a market environment that reallocates resources to the most productive firms. There is also a role for R&D tax incentives, business-university R&D collaboration and patent protection but trade-offs emerge which can inform the design of innovation-specific policies.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrql2q2jj7b-en
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  • 44
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    Online-Ressource
    Can pro-growth policies lift all boats? : An analysis based on household disposable income (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2015, no. 1, p. 227-268 | volume:2015 | year:2015 | number:1 | pages:227-268
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2015, no. 1, p. 227-268
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2015
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2015
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:227-268
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: In a majority of OECD countries, GDP growth over the past three decades has been associated with growing income disparities. To shed some lights on the potential sources of trade-offs between growth and equity, this paper investigates the long-run impact of structural reforms on GDP per capita and household income distribution. Pro-growth reforms can be distinguished according to whether they are found to generate an increase or a reduction in household disposable income inequality. Those that contribute to reduce inequality include the reduction in regulatory barriers to competition, trade and FDI, as well as the stepping-up in job search assistance and training programmes. Conversely, a tightening of unemployment benefits for the long-term unemployed is found to lift mean household income but to lower income among poorer households, thus raising inequality. Several other reforms have no significant impact on income distribution. JEL Classification: 047, D37, E61 Keywords: Growth, inequality, pro-growth policies
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-2015-5jrqhbb1t5jb
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Can pro-growth policies lift all boats? : an analysis based on household disposable income (2014)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (50 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1180
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wachstumspolitik ; Einkommensverteilung ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In a majority of OECD countries, GDP growth over the past three decades has been associated with growing income disparities. To shed some lights on the potential sources of trade-offs between growth and equity, this paper investigates the long-run impact of structural reforms on GDP per capita and household income distribution. Pro-growth reforms can be distinguished according to whether they are found to generate an increase or a reduction in household disposable income inequality. Those that contribute to reduce inequality include the reduction in regulatory barriers to competition, trade and FDI, as well as the stepping-up in job search assistance and training programmes. Conversely, a tightening of unemployment benefits for the long-term unemployed is found to lift mean household income but to lower income among poorer households, thus raising inequality. Several other reforms have no significant impact on income distribution.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxrh8dh5wg7-en
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  • 46
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    Online-Ressource
    Do resources flow to patenting firms? : cross-country evidence from firm level data (2014)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (58 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1127
    Schlagwort(e): 2003 - 2010 ; Innovation ; Patent ; Unternehmenswachstum ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper exploits longitudinal data on firm performance and patenting activity for 23 OECD countries over the period 2003-2010 to explore the extent to which changes in the patent stock are associated with flows of capital and labour to patenting firms. While the finding that patenting is associated with real changes in economic activity at the firm level is in line with recent literature, new empirical evidence presented suggests that the impact of patenting on firm size is likely to be causal. Moreover, these data reveal important differences across OECD countries in the extent to which innovative firms can attract the complementary tangible resources that are required to implement and commercialise new ideas. In turn, the contribution of framework policies to explaining the observed cross-country differences in the magnitude of these flows is explored. While further research is required to establish causality, the results are consistent with the idea that well-functioning product, labour and capital markets; efficient judicial systems and bankruptcy laws that do not overly penalise failure can raise the returns to innovative activity. The paper also investigates the heterogeneous impacts of policies and finds that young firms – which are more likely to experiment with disruptive technologies and rely on external financing to implement and commercialise their ideas – disproportionately benefit from reforms to labour markets and more developed markets for credit and seed and early stage finance.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2lpmk0gs6-en
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  • 47
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    Online-Ressource
    Economic growth from the household perspective : GDP and income distribution developments across OECD countries (2014)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (83 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1111
    Schlagwort(e): Mittelschicht ; Einkommensverteilung ; Armut ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an assessment of how households’ income has fared compared with GDP. While the prime focus is on incomes around the median, attention is paid also to the bottom of the income distribution. Thus, one contribution of the paper is to deliver a fresh assessment of the evolution of inequality and poverty across OECD countries over the last fifteen years. The analysis relies on a rich array of indicators, producing new evidence of the various patterns of differences in income distributions across countries and over time. For example, it assesses the extent to which stability in overall income inequality masks compensating changes between the lower and upper halves of the income distribution. Also, it explores whether contracting inequalities coexist with increasing poverty. The paper adds to previous studies by introducing, measuring and analysing income polarisation in a cross-country comparative perspective. Distinguishing polarisation from inequality and comparing their evolution over time provides new policy-relevant perspectives on the nature of the changing income distribution.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz5m89dh0nt-en
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  • 48
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    Online-Ressource
    Managerial capital and business R&D as enablers of productivity convergence (2014)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (30 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1137
    Schlagwort(e): Management ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftliche Konvergenz ; Forschung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the role of managerial capital and business research and development (R&D) in fostering multifactor productivity (MFP) convergence in a panel of 42 countries. The OECD long-term growth model is augmented to show that, in addition to trade openness, an economy’s speed of convergence to its long-run steady state level of MFP is an increasing function of the quality of its managerial capital and the size of its domestic R&D sector. The economic importance of these two enabling factors are examined in the context of a scenario, whereby MFP growth at the technological frontier is ½ percentage point higher (than in the baseline projection) per annum until 2060. This exercise shows that some countries benefit significantly more from higher frontier growth than could be expected based on their trade openness alone. In turn, evidence on the policy determinants of managerial capital and business R&D is reviewed, which highlights the importance of structural reforms and carefully-designed innovation policies.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxx3d441knr-en
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  • 49
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    Online-Ressource
    Knowledge-based capital, innovation and resource allocation (2013)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (80 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1046
    Schlagwort(e): Immaterielle Werte ; Innovation ; Allokation ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Investment in knowledge-based capital (KBC) – assets that lack physical embodiment, such as computerised information, innovative property and economic competencies – has been rising significantly. This has implications for innovation and productivity growth and requires new thinking on policy. The returns to investing in KBC differ significantly across countries and are partly shaped by structural policies, which influence the ability of economies to reallocate scarce resources to firms that invest in KBC. Well-functioning product, labour and venture capital markets and bankruptcy laws that do not overly penalise failure can raise the expected returns to investing in KBC by improving the efficiency of resource allocation. While structural reforms offer the most cost-effective approach to raising investment in KBC, there is a role for innovation policies to raise private investment in KBC towards the socially optimal level(s). Indeed, R&D tax incentives and, as a finding that contrasts with previous research, direct support measures can be effective, but design features are crucial in order to minimise the fiscal cost and unintended consequences of such policies. Welldefined intellectual property rights (IPR) are also important to provide firms with the incentive to innovate and to promote knowledge diffusion via the public disclosure of ideas. However, such IPR regimes need to be coupled with pro-competition policies to ensure maximum effect while the rising costs of the patent system in emerging KBC sectors may have altered the trade-off inherent to IPR between the incentives to innovate and the broad diffusion of knowledge.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k46bj546kzs-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 50
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    Online-Ressource
    Knowledge-based capital, innovation and resource allocation : a going for growth report (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (55 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD economic policy papers 4
    Schlagwort(e): Immaterielle Werte ; Investitionsentscheidung ; Innovation ; Allokation ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Investment in knowledge-based capital (KBC) – assets that have no physical embodiment, such as computerised information, innovative property and economic competencies – has been rising significantly. This has implications for innovation and productivity growth and requires new thinking on policy. The returns to investing in KBC differ significantly across countries and are partly shaped by structural policies, which influence the ability of national economies to reallocate scarce resources to firms that invest in KBC. In this regard, well-functioning product, labour and venture capital markets and bankruptcy laws that do not overly penalise failure can raise the expected returns to investing in KBC by improving the efficiency of resource allocation. While structural reforms offer the most cost-effective approach to raising investment in KBC, there is a role for innovation policies to raise private investment in KBC towards socially optimal levels. Indeed, R&D tax incentives and, as a finding that contrasts with previous research, direct support measures can be effective, but design features are crucial in order to minimise the fiscal cost and unintended consequences of such policies. Well-defined intellectual property rights (IPR) are also important to provide firms with the incentive to innovate and to promote knowledge diffusion via the public disclosure of ideas. However, such IPR regimes need to be coupled with pro-competition policies to ensure maximum effect while the rising costs of the patent system in emerging KBC sectors may have altered the trade-off inherent to IPR between the incentives to innovate and the broad diffusion of knowledge.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k46bh92lr35-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 51
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    Trade and product market policies in upstream sectors and productivity in downstream sectors : firm-level evidence from China (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 990
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; China, People’s Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the productivity impact of trade, product market and financial market policies over the last decade in China – a fast growing country where, despite significant reform action, regulatory stance remains still far from OECD standards. The paper makes a critical distinction between downstream and upstream industries, focusing on the indirect effects of regulation in upstream industries on firm performance in downstream manufacturing industries. This framework allows investigating the link between these policies and productivity growth depending on how far incumbents are relative to the technological frontier. The analysis is novel in several respects. Drawing on new OECD policy indicators of sector-level product market regulation and firm level data, econometric estimates deliver new evidence on the potential gains from product and financial market reforms in China, two policy areas that had not been studied in previous empirical literature. Firm-level microeconomic data further allow shedding light on the differential effects of policies within industries, while also highlighting the potential channels through which productivity is affected by reform. The key conclusion that can be derived from the empirical analysis is that further product, trade and financial market reforms would bring substantial gains in China and could therefore speed up the convergence process. Taken at face value, the empirical estimates would imply that aligning product, trade and financial market regulation to the average level observed in OECD countries would bring aggregate manufacturing productivity gains of respectively 9%, 4% and 6.5% after five years. Trade and product market reforms are found to deliver stronger gains for firms that are closer to the industry-level technological frontier, while the reverse holds for financial market reforms.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k92pgjgll7l-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 52
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    Intangible assets, resource allocation and growth : a framework for analysis (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 989
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the growing importance of intangible assets as a potential source of innovation and productivity gains, and the contribution of efficient resource allocation to this process. Realising the growth opportunities implied by intangible assets depends on the ability to reallocate labour and capital to their most productive use, which is determined by the design of framework policies. The redeployment of tangible resources takes on heightened importance given the inherent difficulties in allocating intangibles efficiently. Indeed, the characteristics of intangible assets create market imperfections, which hinder the allocation of new ideas to where they can be developed most efficiently. While a number of policy instruments are typically deployed to address these market failures, the paper also explores how the growing importance of intangible assets is affecting the suitability of these policy tools. In turn, a number of policy issues are identified, spanning the financing of start-up firms, the treatment of intangibles in corporate valuation and accounting frameworks, competition policy in the digital economy and the role of intellectual property rights frameworks in rapidly growing domains such as information technology.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k92s63w14wb-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 53
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    The short-term effects of structural reforms : an empirical analysis (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 949
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Drawing on new empirical analysis of 30 years of structural reforms across the OECD, this paper sheds light on the impact of reforms over time, identifies the horizon over which their full effects materialise, and investigates whether such effects vary with prevailing economic conditions and institutions. Impulse responses of aggregate outcomes (GDP growth, employment rate) to various labour, product market and tax reforms are estimated at different horizons. This analysis indicates that the benefits from reforms typically take time to fully materialise. When significant effects are found in the short run, reforms seldom involve significant aggregate economic losses; on the contrary they often deliver some benefits. The absence of major depressing effects does not lend support to the view that reforms should be in general accompanied by substantial macroeconomic policy easing in order to deliver some short-term gains. Nevertheless, there is also tentative evidence that some labour market reforms (e.g. of unemployment benefit systems and job protection) pay off more quickly in good times than in bad times, and can even entail short-term losses in severely depressed economies.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k9csvk4d56d-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 54
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    Public policy and resource allocation : evidence from firms in OECD countries (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 996
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The correlation between a firm’s size and its productivity level varies considerably across OECD countries, suggesting that some countries are more successful at channelling resources to high productivity firms than others. Accordingly, we examine the extent to which regulations affecting product, labour and credit markets influence productivity, via their effect on the efficiency of resource allocation. Our results suggest that there is an economically and statistically robust negative relationship between policy-induced frictions and productivity, though the specific channel depends on the policy considered. In the case of employment protection legislation, product market regulations (including barriers to entry and bankruptcy legislation) and restrictions on foreign direct investment, this is largely traceable to the worsening of allocative efficiency (i.e. a lower correspondence between a firm’s size and its productivity level). By contrast, financial market under-development tends to be associated with a higher fraction of low productivity relative to high productivity firms. Furthermore, stringent regulations are more disruptive to resource allocation in more innovative sectors, though the nature of innovation turns out to be important.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k9158wpf727-en
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  • 55
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    Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 63-81
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 19 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. National Legislative and Regulatory Activities
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 63-81
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Argentina ; Australia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Iceland ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Italy ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Poland ; Romania ; Russian Federation ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; South Africa ; Sweden
    Kurzfassung: Afrique du Sud Règlement sur le contenu du rapport public annuel (2006)Règlement sur la conservation de rapports (2006) Règlement sur les normes de sûreté et les pratiques réglementaires (2006) Allemagne Amendement à la Loi sur la protection préventive contre les radiations (2006) Dispositions administratives relatives à la surveillance de la radioactivité environnementale (2006) Décret relatif aux médicaments radioactifs (2007)Amendement au Décret sur le traitement des denrées alimentaires par radiation (2006)Accord européen relatif au transport international des marchandises dangereuses par route (ADR) (2006) Décret sur le transport des marchandises dangereuses par route ou par chemin de fer (2006)Décret d’amendement au Règlement RID (2006) Ordonnance sur le transport des marchandises dangereuses sur le Rhin et la Moselle (2006)Amendements à la Loi de 1961 sur le commerce extérieur et à l’Ordonnance de 1993 sur le commerce extérieur (2006) Argentine Amendement au Code Pénal (2004) Australie Loi d’amendement sur l’Organisation australienne de la science et de la technologie nucléaires (ANSTO) (2006) Loi d’amendement à la législation fédérale sur la gestion des déchets radioactifs (2006) Finlande Amendements de la Loi relative aux rayonnements et du Décret relatif aux rayonnements (2005) France Décret relatif à la sécurisation du financement des charges nucléaires (2007)Décret autorisant la création de l’installation nucléaire de base « Flamanville 3 », comportant un réacteur nucléaire de type EPR (2007) Indonésie Décret relatif à l’autorisation des réacteurs nucléaires (2006) Irlande Ordonnance de la Loi de 1998 relative au transport de marchandises dangereuses par route (désignation des autorités compétentes) (2006) Islande Règlements dans le domaine de la radioprotection (2003) Italie Décret sur les interventions en cas d’urgence concernant le transport de matières radioactives et fissiles (2006) Nouvelle-Zélande Édition consolidée de la Loi de 1965 sur la protection contre les radiations (2005) Pays-Bas Accord entre le gouvernement et l’exploitant de Borssele relatif au prolongement de la durée de vie de l’installation (2006) Pologne Règlement relatif aux sources de rayonnements ionisants (2006) République Slovaque Amendement de la Loi atomique (2007) Roumanie Décision approuvant la structure et l’organisation de l’Agence nucléaire roumaine (2007)Amendement à la Décision de 2003 approuvant les règles internes de la Commission nationale du contrôle des activités nucléaires (CNCAN) (2007) Amendement à l’Ordonnance de 2003 sur la gestion du combustible nucléaire usé et des déchets radioactifs, y compris leur évacuation définitive (2007) Fédération de Russie Loi sur la gestion administrative et immobilière du secteur de l’énergie nucléaire civile (2007) Slovénie Règlement relatif au contrôle de la radioactivité (2007) Suède Amendement à la Loi et à l’Ordonnance sur les activités nucléaires (2006)
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-2007-5k9gvs5lg8wf
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  • 56
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    Travaux Législatifs et Réglementaires Nationaux : (French version) (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 75-96
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 22 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. National Legislative and Regulatory Activities
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 75-96
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; France ; Italy ; Japan ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Romania ; Russian Federation ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Brésil Résolution du Conseil national de politique énergétique sur la reprise de la construction d’une centrale thermonucléaire (2007) République Populaire de Chine Règlement relatif à la gestion et au contrôle des équipements de sûreté nucléaire à usage civil (2007) Réponse officielle du Conseil des Affaires d’État aux questions relatives à la responsabilité civile pour les dommages résultant d’accidents nucléaires (2007) Espagne Amendement à la loi sur l’énergie nucléaire (2007) États-Unis Règle finale modifiant la réglementation applicable à la délivrance d’autorisations pour les centrales nucléaires (2007) Règle finale mettant en oeuvre le système national de suivi des sources (2006) Règle finale relative à la menace de référence (2007) France Décret relatif aux enquêtes techniques sur les accidents ou incidents concernant une activité nucléaire (2007)Arrêté relatif à l’organisation de la Direction générale des entreprises (DGE) du Ministère chargé de l’industrie (2007)Décret relatif à la nomenclature des installations nucléaires de base (2007)Décret relatif aux installations nucléaires de base et au contrôle, en matière de sûreté nucléaire, du transport de substances radioactives (2007) Italie Décret d’application de la Directive 2003/122/Euratom du Conseil du 22 décembre 2003 relative au contrôle des sources radioactives scellées de haute activité et des sources orphelines (2007) Modification du décret sur le droit de l’environnement (2007) Japon Amendement à la loi relative au stockage définitif des déchets de haute activité (2007) Lituanie Loi relative à la centrale nucléaire d’Ignalina (2007) Luxembourg Règlement grand-ducal concernant la protection de la population contre les dangers résultant des rayonnements ionisants (2006)Loi portant approbation de l’Accord entre le Luxembourg et la Belgique relatif aux échanges d’informations en cas d’incident ou d’accident (2006) Roumanie Décision du gouvernement relative à la surveillance sanitaire des travailleurs (2007) Arrêté relatif à la protection physique des matières nucléaires durant leur transport (2007) Arrêté relatif aux mesures préventives destinées à protéger les installations nucléaires (2007)Arrêté relatif au contrôle des systèmes de protection physique des installations nucléaires (2007)Ordonnance relative à la sûreté de la gestion des déchets radioactifs (2007)Décision du gouvernement relative aux ressources financières nécessaires à la sûreté de la gestion des déchets radioactifs (2007) Amendement à la loi sur la responsabilité civile pour les dommages nucléaires (2007) Fédération de Russie Réforme de l’industrie électronucléaire russe (2007) République Slovaque Amendement à la loi atomique relatif au financement de l’autorité de sûreté nucléaire (2007) Slovénie Décret relatif au contrôle de la contamination radioactive du chargement de ferraille (2007) Suède Décision relative à la fusion des autorités de contrôle (2007) Turquie Loi relative à la construction et à l’exploitation de centrales nucléaires et à la vente de l’énergie produite par ces centrales (2007)
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-2007-5k9gvsqx8f5f
    URL: Volltext
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  • 57
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    Jurisprudence (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 69-73
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 5 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Case Law
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 69-73
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; France ; South Africa ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Afrique du Sud Jugement de la Haute Cour du Cap dans l’affaire McDonald et autres c. Ministère de l’Énergie et des Ressources minières et autres (2007) États-Unis Jugement de la Cour d’appel des États-Unis relatif à la prise en compte des effets d’attentats terroristes sur l’environnement (2006) Annulation de la décision de la Court of Federal Claims des États-Unis concernant l’indemnisation en vertu de la Loi Price Anderson des frais de justice engagés dans une action en responsabilité civile (2007) France Arrêt de la Cour européenne des Droits de l’Homme, relatif au droit à un procès équitable, dans le contentieux opposant le Collectif stop Melox et Mox à la France (2007) Décision du Conseil d’État concernant l’annulation d’un décret relatif à l’installation nucléaire de la base de Brennilis, pour défaut d’information et de consultation du public (2007) Royaume-Uni Décision du tribunal d’instance de Wick condamnant l’Autorité de l’énergie atomique du Royaume-Uni pour exposition au plutonium (2007)
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-2007-5k9gvsqxb1f5
    URL: Volltext
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  • 58
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique: France : Une perspective internationale sur la Révision générale des politiques publiques (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264167605
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Serie: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; France
    Kurzfassung: Le programme de réformes appelé la « Révision générale des politiques publiques » (RGPP), commencé au niveau de l’État en France en 2007, est une démarche inédite au sein des pays de l’OCDE par son mode de gouvernance impliquant directement et continuellement les plus hauts responsables de l’État en France. Dans cette publication, les résultats du programme de réformes de la RGPP sont analysés au regard des objectifs de départ, mais aussi dans le nouveau contexte économique et budgétaire dans lequel se trouve actuellement la France. Les leçons qui en sont tirées en termes d’économies budgétaires, de mise en place d’une culture de l’innovation, et d’améliorations de services rendus aux citoyens sont importantes pour tous les pays de l’OCDE dans leurs démarches d’amélioration de leur gouvernance et des résultats des administrations publiques. Elles sont tout aussi essentielles pour les collectivités locales, qui, elles aussi, sont contraintes d’innover dans leurs pratiques afin de fournir de meilleurs services à un moindre coût.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264167605-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 59
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    The Evolution of Homeownership Rates in Selected OECD Countries: Demographic and Public Policy Influences (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 1-37
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 37 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 1-37
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Homeownership rates have increased significantly in many OECD countries over recent decades. Using micro-econometric decomposition techniques, this paper shows that part of this increase can be explained by changes in the characteristics of households, including age, household structure, income and education. Nevertheless, a significant portion of the change in homeownership rates remains unexplained by shifts in household characteristics, leaving a potential role for public policy in explaining developments in homeownership rates. Panel estimates suggest that the relaxation of down-payment constraints on mortgage loans has increased homeownership rates among credit-constrained households over recent decades, resulting in a rise in the aggregate homeownership rate that is comparable with the impact of population ageing. In countries where tax relief on mortgage debt financing is generous, however, the expansionary impact of mortgage market innovations on homeownership is smaller. This is consistent with the tendency for such housing tax relief to be capitalised into real house prices, which may crowd-out some financially constrained households from homeownership at the margin. The impact of housing policies regulating the functioning of the rental market, such as rent regulation and provisions for tenure security, on tenure choice is also explored. JEL classification: R21, R31, G21, H24. Keywords: Housing markets, homeownership, mortgage markets, financial regulation, taxation.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-2011-5kg0vswqpmg2
    URL: Volltext
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  • 60
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    Residential Mobility and Public Policy in OECD Countries (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 1-22
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 1-22
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Residential mobility is closely tied to the functioning of housing markets and has important implications for labour mobility and the efficient allocation of resources across the economy. This paper analyses patterns of residential mobility across OECD countries and the role of housing policies in enhancing or hampering residential mobility. Based on cross-sectional household data for 25countries, the results suggest that differences in residential mobility across countries are partially related to differences in public policies. After controlling for household and country- specific characteristics, residential mobility is higher in countries with lower transaction costs, more responsive housing supply, lower rent controls and tenant protection. Residential mobility tends also to be higher in environments with greater access to credit, suggesting that financial deregulation – by lowering borrowing costs and facilitating access to mortgage finance – facilitates mobility. This cross- country evidence is supported by city and state-level evidence for the United States. JEL classification: R23, R31, R21, R38, H20. Keywords: Housing markets, residential mobility, transaction costs, rental market regulations
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-2011-5kg0vswqt240
    URL: Volltext
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  • 61
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    Jurisprudence (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 101-106
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 6 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Case law
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 101-106
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; France ; United States
    Kurzfassung: États-Unis – Jugement d’une Cour d’appel des États-Unis relatif à l’accès du public à des informations sensibles sur la sécurité et à la prise en compte des effets sur l’environnement d’attaques terroristes contre des installations nucléaires Jugement de la Cour de district des États-Unis relatif à une exonération concernant l’application des réglementations sur la protection contre les incendies. France – Jugement du tribunal administratif de Strasbourg relatif à l’arrêt définitif de la centrale nucléaire de Fessenheim
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-2011-5kg0m1fw68lr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 62
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    Document d'orientation pour les études d'impact sur la durabilité (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264086920
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Guidance on Sustainability Impact Assessment
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Le présent document constitue une introduction générale aux études d'impact sur la durabilité (EID). Cette méthode permet d'évaluer les incidences économiques, environnementales et sociales combinées d'un éventail de politiques, programmes, stratégies et plans d'action. Ces évaluations peuvent aussi faciliter la prise de décision et la planification stratégique tout au long du cycle des politiques publiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264086920-fr
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  • 63
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    Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE : Notes méthodologiques par pays 2010 (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264089921
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Banking Statistics; Methodological Country Notes 2010
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Banking Statistics: Methodological Country Notes 2010
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Luxembourg ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Slovak Republic ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Les tendances de la rentabilité des banques et les facteurs agissant sur elle sont des indicateurs importants de l’état de santé des systèmes bancaires nationaux. Le présent ouvrage complète la publication Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE: Comptes des banques 2010, fournissent aux spécialistes un instrument sans équivalent pour analyser l’évolution de la rentabilité des banques dans les pays membres de l'OCDE. Outre des informations sur les comptes des banques des pays membres de l'OCDE, elles comprennent des données sur le nombre de banques, leurs filiales et leur personnel, des informations structurelles sur l’ensemble du secteur financier et des ratios visant à faciliter l'analyse de la rentabilité des banques des pays de l'OCDE. Les notes méthodologiques par pays, incluses dans ce volume, ont été préparées afin de faciliter la compréhension et l'interprétation des statistiques ainsi que dans le but de fournir une description succincte des activités des banques dans chacun des pays.
    DOI: 10.1787/bank_country-200-fr
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  • 64
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    Equity in Student Achievement Across OECD Countries : An Investigation of the Role of Policies (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-50
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-50
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper focuses on inequalities in learning opportunities for individuals coming from different socio-economic backgrounds as a measure of (in)equality of opportunity in OECD countries and provides insights on the potential role played by policies and institutions in shaping countries’ relative positions. Based on harmonised 15-year old students’ achievement data collected at the individual level, the empirical analysis shows that while Nordic European countries exhibit relatively low levels of inequality, continental Europe is characterised by high levels of inequality – in particular of schooling segregation along socio-economic lines – while Anglo-Saxon countries occupy a somewhat intermediate position. Despite the difficulty of properly identifying causal relationship, cross-country regression analysis provides insights on the potential for policies to explain observed differences in equity in education.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-2010-5km61lb7b39x
    URL: Volltext
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  • 65
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    Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 109-118
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 10 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. National Legislative and Regulatory Activities
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 109-118
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Belarus ; Egypt ; France ; Germany ; Ireland ; Italy ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Spain ; Ukraine
    Kurzfassung: ALLEMAGNE Dixième amendement à la Loi atomique (2010) Loi relative à l’évaluation de l’impact sur l’environnement (2009) Commission de radioprotection (2009) Loi relative à la protection contre les rayonnements non ionisants (2009) Transport international de marchandises dangereuses par route (2009) BÉLARUS Amendements aux lois relatives à l’utilisation de l’énergie nucléaire (2009) Droit pénal relatif aux actes impliquant l’utilisation de sources radioactives et droit administratif applicable aux violations des prescriptions en matière de sûreté nucléaire (2009) ÉGYPTE Loi sur les activités dans le domaine nucléaire et radiologique (2010) ESPAGNE Loi régissant les sociétés d’investissement cotées en bourse dans le marché immobilier (2009) FRANCE Décret relatif à la création du Comité de coordination industrielle pour les déchets radioactifs (2010) Loi relative à la reconnaissance et à l’indemnisation des victimes des essais nucléaires français (2010) IRLANDE Arrêté visant à modifier le Règlement relatif aux dispositifs médicaux implantables actifs (2010) Amendement au règlement relatif aux dispositifs médicaux (2010) ITALIE Décret n° 31/2010 relatif au choix des sites et à l’exploitation des installations destinées à la production d’énergie nucléaire (2010) ROUMANIE Loi n° 329 relative à la réorganisation des autorités publiques (2009Décision gouvernementale relative à la réorganisation des producteurs d’électricité nucléaire (2010) RÉPUBLIQUE SLOVAQUE Amendement à la Loi atomique (2009) UKRAINE Panorama des récents amendements aux lois dans le domaine de l’énergie nucléaire (2009)
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-2010-5kmbv3btdt9v
    URL: Volltext
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  • 66
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    Migration and labour market outcomes in OECD countries (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-34
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-34
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Immigration pressures are increasing in most OECD countries. This article investigates the consequences of immigration for natives’ labour market outcomes, as well as issues linked to immigrants’ integration in the host country labour market. Changes in the share of immigrants in the labour force may have a distributive impact on natives’ wages, and a temporary impact on unemployment. However, labour market integration of immigrants (as well as integration of second-generation immigrants both in terms of educational attainments and of labour market outcomes) remains the main challenge facing host economies. In both cases, product and labour market policies have a significant role to play in easing the economy’s adjustment to immigration.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-2010-5kmhf827kws6
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  • 67
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    Intergenerational Social Mobility in OECD Countries (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-44
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-44
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper assesses recent patterns of intergenerational social mobility across OECD countries and examines the role that public policies can play. It shows that the relationship between parental or socio-economic background and offspring educational and wage outcomes is positive and significant in practically all countries for which evidence is available. Intergenerational social mobility is measured by several different indicators, since no single indicator provides a complete picture. However, one pattern that emerges is of a group of countries, southern European countries and Luxembourg, which appears to rank as relatively immobile on most indicators, while another group, the Nordic countries, is found to be more mobile. Furthermore, public policies such as education and early childcare play a role in explaining observed differences in intergenerational social mobility across countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-2010-5km33scz5rjj
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  • 68
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    Real House Prices in OECD Countries : The Role of Demand Shocks and Structural and Policy Factors (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.831
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses the factors influencing the level and volatility of real house prices in a panel of OECD countries over the period 1980-2005. Results suggest that real house prices tend to rise proportionally with real household incomes, while declines in structural unemployment and real interest rates are associated with higher real house prices. The process of mortgage market deregulation has coincided with a noticeable increase in real house prices in OECD countries, while high rates of leverage are found to amplify house price volatility. Estimates suggest that tax reliefs on mortgage debt financing costs tend to be capitalised into real house prices and may also amplify price volatility, reflecting the tendency for such policies to encourage leverage. While higher transaction costs are associated with lower house price volatility, this effect is modest compared to the impact of banking supervision. Indeed, prudential banking supervision and policies designed to contain the excessive build-up of leverage are shown to significantly reduce the extent of house price volatility, underscoring the importance of ongoing efforts to reform prudential frameworks in OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/5km33bqzhbzr-en
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  • 69
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    Mieux légiférer en Europe : France 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264087170
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Better Regulation in Europe; France 2010
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Better Regulation in Europe: France 2010
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; France
    Kurzfassung: L'importance d'une gouvernance réglementaire efficace n'a jamais été aussi claire qu'elle ne l'est aujourd'hui, dans le sillage de la pire crise économique depuis la Grande Dépression. Cependant, comment « mieux légiférer » permettra-t-il d’améliorer les perspectives pour une plus forte performance économique et une meilleure qualité de vie, pour promouvoir une croissance pérenne et renforcer la résilience des pays ? Qu'est-ce qu’une réglementation efficace ? Quelle doit être la forme et la direction de la politique de gouvernance réglementaire au cours de la prochaine décennie ? Pour répondre à ces questions, l'OCDE a lancé, en partenariat avec la Commission européenne, un projet pour examiner l’évolution de la gouvernance réglementaire dans 15 pays de l'OCDE, dont la France. Chaque rapport fait l’analyse des questions clés qui sont nécessaires pour dégager le cadre de référence futur pour une bonne gestion de la politique et des réformes de réglementation. Les questions examinées incluent la stratégie et les politiques d’amélioration de la gouvernance réglementaire, les capacités institutionnelles pour une gouvernance réglementaire, la transparence des réglementations et la mise en place d’une consultation réelle de l’opinion publique, la gestion et rationalisation des réglementations existantes, la conformité, la mise en application et les voies de recours, les relations entre les États membres et l’Union européenne, les relations entre l’administration centrale et les administrations infranationales. Les pays participants sont : l’Allemagne, l’Autriche, la Belgique, le Danemark, l’Espagne, la Finlande, la France, la Grèce, l’Irlande, l’Italie, le Luxembourg, les Pays-Bas, le Portugal, le Royaume-Uni et la Suède.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264087170-fr
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  • 70
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    La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067752
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Ausgabe: Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009; Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 ; Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009: Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 : Segunda edición
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Cette version révisée de La Mesure du Capital est le premier guide complet décrivant les différentes manières de mesurer les fonds propres. Il s'adresse aux statisticiens, chercheurs et analystes, donne des conseils pratiques tout en offrant des connaissances théoriques. Il propose aussi une vue d'ensemble de la documentation pertinente. Le manuel est composé de trois parties - une première partie avec une description non technique des principaux concepts et étapes de la mesure du capital; une deuxième partie visant leur mise en œuvre et une troisième partie décrivant la théorie ainsi qu’une formulation mathématique plus complète des processus de mesure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067752-fr
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  • 71
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    Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 : Quatrième édition (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264045767
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (286 p.) , ill.
    Ausgabe: Quatrième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment 2008; Fourth Edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa ; Cuarta edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment 2008: Fourth Edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa : Cuarta edición
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: L’investissement direct international (IDI) est l’un des principaux moteurs de la mondialisation. À l’heure où les modalités d’investissement des entreprises multinationales deviennent de plus en plus complexes, il convient de disposer de statistiques d’IDI fiables et comparables sur le plan international pour pouvoir prendre des décisions judicieuses. La Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux représente la norme mondiale en matière de statistiques d’IDI. Elle constitue une référence unique pour les statisticiens et les utilisateurs pour tous les aspects des statistiques d’IDI, tout en restant compatible avec d’autres normes statistiques acceptées au niveau international. Cette édition introduit de nouvelles ventilations analytiques des données et de nouveaux traitements statistiques qui rendent mieux compte des réalités actuelles de l’économie mondiale. Cette Définition de référence révisée propose des méthodes de classement des différents types d’IDI (par exemple, les fusions-acquisitions, les investissements de création) et d’identification de l’investisseur ultime. Cette nouvelle édition traite désormais des utilisations des statistiques d’IDI, notamment les indicateurs de mondialisation, et comporte un chapitre consacré aux statistiques relatives aux activités des entreprises multinationales.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264048768-fr
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  • 72
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    Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 125-140
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 16 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. National Legislative and Regulatory Activities
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 125-140
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Belarus ; France ; Germany ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Italy ; Montenegro ; Romania ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Allemagne Amendement à la Loi de 1986 relative aux mesures préventives destinées à protéger la population contre les dangers des rayonnements ionisants (2008) Règlement relatif au transport international ferroviaire des marchandises dangereuses (2008) Loi relative aux Protocoles de 2004 portant modification de la Convention de Paris et de la Convention complémentaire de Bruxelles ; Amendement à la Loi sur l’énergie atomique (2008) République Du Bélarus Loi relative à l’utilisation de l’énergie nucléaire (2008) États-Unis Stratégie de délivrance d’autorisation pour les centrales nucléaires de nouvelle génération (2008) Santé publique et normes environnementales de protection contre les rayonnements pour le site de Yucca Mountain, Nevada (2008) Ajustement de l’inflation sur la loi Price-Anderson (2008) France Guide de sûreté relative au stockage définitif des déchets radioactifs en formation géologique profonde (2008) Décret relatif aux procédures applicables au traitement des combustibles usés et des déchets radioactifs provenant de l’étranger (2008) Hongrie Stratégie cadre de la Politique énergétique 2007-2020 (2008) Indonésie Règlement sur la délivrance d’autorisations des usages de sources de rayonnements ionisants et de matières nucléaires (2008) Italie Mise en oeuvre de la loi relative aux dispositions urgentes pour le développement économique etc. (2008) Montenegro Loi sur l’environnement (2008) Cadre législatif et réglementaire au Monténégro Roumanie Décision relative à la structure de l’Agence nucléaire (2008) Décision relative à la sélection des investisseurs pour les unités 3 et 4 de la centrale nucléaire de Cernavoda (2008) Version consolidée de la Loi de Protection Civile (2008)Stratégie nationale de prévention des situations d’urgence (2008) Stratégie nationale pour le partage de l’information et la communication en cas de situation d’urgence (2008) Fédération De Russie Décret relatif à un transfert de responsabilités au Ministre des Ressources naturelles et de l’Écologie (2008) République Slovaque Transposition de la Directive du Conseil 2006/117/Euratom (2008) Royaume-Uni Nouveau Ministère de l’Énergie et du Changement Climatique (2008) Ukraine Décret instituant l’entreprise d’État « Combustible Nucléaire » (2008) Amendement à la loi sur la gestion des déchets radioactifs (2008)
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-2008-5k9gvsvfc233
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  • 73
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    Jurisprudence (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 95-108
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 14 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Case Law
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 95-108
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Canada ; France ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: Dans une décision rendue le 7 avril 2009, le juge Hughes, de la Cour fédérale du Canada a refusé la demande de révision judiciaire soumise par Linda Keen, l’ancienne présidente de la Commission canadienne de sûreté nucléaire (CCSN). Mme Keen remettait en cause la légalité du décret la congédiant de son poste de présidente. La Cour a rejeté la demande2 et conclu que la décision était légitime.
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-v2009-art5-fr
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  • 74
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    The policy determinants of hours worked across OECD countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-39
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 39 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-39
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This article investigates the policy determinants of hours worked among employed individuals in OECD countries, focussing on the impact of taxation, working-time regulations, and other labour and product market policies. It explores the factors underlying cross-country differences in hours worked — in line with previous aggregate approaches — while at the same time it looks more closely at labour force heterogeneity — in the vein of microeconomic labour supply models. The paper shows that policies and institutions have a different impact on working hours of men and women. Firstly, while high marginal taxes create a disincentive to work longer hours for women, their impact on hours worked by men is almost insignificant. Secondly, working-time regulations have a significant impact on hours worked by men, and this impact differs across education categories. Thirdly, other labour and product market policies, in particular stringent employment protection of workers on regular contracts and competition-restraining product market policies, have a negative impact on hours worked by men, over and beyond their impact on employment levels.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2009-art1-en
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  • 75
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    Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 109-127
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 19 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. National Legislative and Regulatory Activities
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 109-127
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Belgium ; Brazil ; France ; Ireland ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Moldova, Republic of ; Romania ; Serbia ; Slovenia ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Le premier amendement modifie le financement des activités de l’Agence fédérale de contrôle nucléaire (AFCN) dans la mesure où une partie des frais de fonctionnement est transformée en ressource d’origine fiscale. En plus de ces ressources fiscales, des frais de fonctionnement et des amendes administratives, le financement peut s’opérer par le biais de donations, de legs et d’autres modes de financement.
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-v2009-art6-fr
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  • 76
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    Intergenerational Social Mobility in European OECD Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.709
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper breaks new ground by providing comparable estimates of intergenerational wage and education persistence across 14 European OECD countries based on a new micro data from Eurostat. A further novelty is that it examines the potential role of public policies and labour and product market institutions in explaining observed differences in intergenerational wage mobility across countries. The empirical estimates show that intergenerational wage persistence is relatively high in southern European countries, as well as in the United Kingdom. Likewise, intergenerational persistence in education is relatively high both in southern European countries and in Luxembourg and Ireland. By contrast, both persistence in wages and education tends to be lower in Nordic countries. In addition, empirical results show that education is one important driver of intergenerational wage persistence across European countries. There is a positive crosscountry correlation between intergenerational wage mobility and redistributive policies, as well as a positive correlation between wage-setting institutions that compress the wage distribution and mobility.
    DOI: 10.1787/223043801483
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  • 77
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    Les migrants et l'emploi (Vol. 2) : L'intégration sur le marché du travail en Belgique, en France, aux Pays-Bas et au Portugal (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055711
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (370 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 2); Labour Market Integration in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Portugal
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 2): Labour Market Integration in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Portugal
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; France ; Netherlands ; Portugal
    Kurzfassung: Lorsque des immigrants arrivent dans un pays, ils sont confrontés à un marché du travail peu connu qui a ses propres exigences. Avoir une bonne maîtrise de la langue du pays hôte et une bonne connaissance des procédures de recherche d’emploi et du fonctionnement du marché du travail sont autant d’atouts qu’ils n’ont pas forcément. Les nouveaux immigrants ne sont pas les seuls à rencontrer ces difficultés, il en va de même pour leurs enfants même s’ils sont nés et ont été scolarisés dans le pays d’accueil. Cet ouvrage examine l’intégration sur le marché du travail des immigrés et de leurs enfants dans quatre pays de l’OCDE (Belgique, France, Pays-Bas et Portugal), et formule des recommandations propres à chacun de ces pays. Les pouvoirs publics se doivent de promouvoir l’enseignement des langues et la formation professionnelle, et d’encourager la diversité au travail. Pour leur part, les immigrés doivent accepter les exigences des employeurs des pays d’accueil. La viabilité des futures politiques migratoires et le recours accru à l’immigration dépendent en grande partie de l’aptitude des pays de l’OCDE et des immigrés à réaliser ces objectifs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055711-fr
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  • 78
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    Revue économique de l'OCDE : Volume 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264053656
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Journal; Economic Studies, Volume 2008
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Journal: Economic Studies, Volume 2008
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Ce numero de la Revue économique de l'OCDE comprend des articles sur services assurés par les pouvoirs publics et distribution des ressources économiques des ménages, améliorer l’efficacité des dépenses de santé et les politiques structurelles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264053656-fr
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  • 79
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    Equity in Student Achievement Across OECD Countries : An Investigation of the Role of Policies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.708
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper focuses on inequalities in learning opportunities for individuals coming from different socioeconomic backgrounds as a measure of (in) equality of opportunity in OECD countries and looks at the role played by policies and institutions in shaping countries’ relative positions. Based on harmonised 15- year old students’ achievement data collected at the individual level, the empirical analysis shows that while Nordic European countries exhibit relatively low levels of inequality, continental Europe is characterised by high levels of inequality - in particular of schooling segregation along socio-economic lines - while Anglo-Saxon countries occupy a somewhat intermediate position. Policies allowing increasing social mix are found to reduce school socio-economic segregation without affecting overall performance. Countries that emphasise childcare and pre-school institutions exhibit lower levels of inequality of opportunity, suggesting the effectiveness of early intervention policies in reducing persistence of education outcomes across generations. There is also a positive association between inequality of opportunities and income inequality. As a consequence, cross-country regressions suggest that redistributive policies can help to reduce inequalities of educational opportunities associated with socioeconomic background and, hence, persistence of education outcomes across generations.
    DOI: 10.1787/223056645650
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  • 80
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    Régions et gouvernement central : Des contrats pour le développement régional (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264007680
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Linking Regions and Central Governments; Contracts for Regional Development
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Linking Regions and Central Governments: Contracts for Regional Development
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: La décentralisation s’est accrue et cela a renforcé la responsabilité des niveaux de gouvernement infranationaux dans la fourniture d’un ensemble de biens et services publics. Cependant, il est très rare qu’ils agissent de manière indépendante. Cet ouvrage fournit un cadre analytique unique permettant d’évaluer les accords pluriniveaux, qui est ensuite appliqué à cinq cas nationaux de politique de développement régional : l’Allemagne, le Canada, l’Espagne, la France et l’Italie. Cette étude souligne l’importance des arrangements contractuels pour adapter localement les interdépendances entre acteurs publics, pour clarifier leurs responsabilités, établir un dialogue entre les parties et permettre l’apprentissage.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264007680-fr
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  • 81
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    Intergenerational Social Mobility (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.707
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper assesses recent patterns in intergenerational social mobility across OECD countries and examines the role that public policies can play in affecting such mobility. It shows that the relationship between parental or socio-economic background and offspring’s educational and wage outcomes is positive and significant in practically all countries for which evidence is available. Intergenerational social mobility is measured by several different indicators since no single indicator provides a complete picture. However, one pattern that emerges is of a group of countries, e.g. southern European countries and Luxembourg, which appears to rank as relatively immobile on most indicators, while another group, e.g. Nordics, is found to be more mobile. Furthermore, public policies such as education and early childcare play a role in explaining observed differences in intergenerational social mobility across countries. In addition, this study also finds a positive cross-country correlation between intergenerational social mobility and redistributive policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/223106258208
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  • 82
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    Manuel de l'OCDE sur les statistiques des brevets (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056466
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (178 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Patent Statistics Manual
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Manual de estadísticas de patentes de la OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: L’édition 2009 du Manuel de l’OCDE sur les statistiques de brevets intègre les développements récents du domaine. Elle fournit des lignes directrices pour l’utilisation des données de brevets à des fins de mesure de S&T, et des recommandations pour la compilation et l’interprétation des indicateurs de brevets dans ce contexte. Le manuel vise à montrer à quoi les données de brevets peuvent ou ne peuvent pas être utilisées, et comment compter les brevets de façon à maximiser l’information sur la S&T tout en minimisant le bruit et les biais statistiques. Enfin, il décrit comment les données de brevets peuvent être utilisées dans l’analyse d’un large spectre de thèmes liés au changement technique et à la prise de brevets, y compris les liens science-industrie, les stratégies de brevets des entreprises, l’internationalisation de la recherche, et la mesure de la valeur des brevets.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056466-fr
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  • 83
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    Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE : France (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069374
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Serie: Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE no.31
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies; France
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies: France
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; France
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069374-fr
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  • 84
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    Explaining Differences in Hours Worked among OECD Countries : An empirical analysis (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 65 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.596
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This working paper investigates the policy determinants of hours worked among employed individuals in OECD countries, focussing on the impact of taxation, working-time regulations, and other labour and product market policies. It explores the factors underlying cross-country differences in hours worked — in line with previous aggregate approaches — while at the same time it looks more closely at labour force heterogeneity — in the vein of microeconomic labour supply models. The paper shows that policies and institutions have a different impact on working hours of men and women. Firstly, while high marginal taxes create a disincentive to work longer hours for women, their impact on hours worked by men is almost insignificant. Secondly, working-time regulations have a significant impact on hours worked by men, and this impact differs across education categories. Thirdly, other labour and product market policies, in particular stringent employment protection of workers on regular contracts and competition-restraining product market policies, have a negative impact on hours worked by men, over and beyond their impact on employment levels.
    DOI: 10.1787/244230044118
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  • 85
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    Panorama économique du secteur spatial 2007 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040830
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (107 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Space Economy at a Glance 2007
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Les applications spatiales prennent une place de plus en plus importante dans la vie quotidienne. Les prévisions météorologiques, le contrôle de la circulation aérienne, les communications et la radiodiffusion à l’échelle mondiale ou la gestion des catastrophes sont autant d’activités clés qui avec bien d’autres seraient inimaginables aujourd’hui sans les satellites. L’industrie spatiale proprement dite constitue un domaine d’activité relativement limité par rapport aux autres industries manufacturières, mais son dynamisme technologique et son importance stratégique lui confèrent un rôle de plus en plus crucial dans la société moderne. Paradoxalement, c’est aussi l’un des secteurs à propos desquels on manque de données fiables et comparables au plan international. Cette publication s’attache à combler cette lacune en rassemblant des informations provenant d’un large éventail de sources officielles et non officielles, qui permettent de brosser un tableau complet de l’industrie spatiale, de ses activités de services en aval et de ses retombées économiques et sociales plus larges. Quelles sont les grandes nations spatiales ? Quelle est l’importance du chiffre d’affaires et de l’emploi dans ce secteur ? Quelle est l’ampleur des activités de R-D et sur quels domaines celles-ci se concentrent-elles ? Quelle est la valeur des retombées des dépenses spatiales ? On trouvera des réponses à ces questions ainsi qu’à d’autres dans ce tout premier tour d’horizon statistique publié par l’OCDE sur l’économie émergente du secteur spatial. Un lien dynamique (StatLink) accompagne les graphiques. Il dirige le lecteur vers une page Web où les chiffres correspondants sont disponibles en format Excel®.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040830-fr
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  • 86
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    Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 (Vol. 2) : Electricité, eau et transports : quelles politiques ? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031340
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (586 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030 (Vol.2); Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030 (Vol.2): Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: Les réseaux d’infrastructure jouent un rôle vital dans le développement économique et social. La demande d’infrastructures est appelée à sensiblement augmenter dans les décennies à venir, sous l’impulsion de facteurs majeurs de changement comme la croissance économique mondiale, le progrès technologique, le changement climatique, l’urbanisation et l’aggravation de la congestion. Les défis à relever sont multiples. Dans les pays de l’OCDE, de nombreux éléments de réseaux d’infrastructure connaissent un vieillissement rapide, les budgets publics sont de plus en plus serrés et le financement de l’infrastructure devient de plus en plus complexe. Cette publication évalue la viabilité future des modèles économiques actuels dans cinq secteurs infrastructurels : électricité, eau, transport ferroviaire de marchandises, transports collectifs urbains et transport routier. Elle propose des recommandations pratiques visant à renforcer les capacités afin de répondre aux besoins futurs d’infrastructures, notamment des mesures qui pourraient être prises par les gouvernements tant collectivement qu’individuellement pour mettre en place des cadres institutionnels, politiques et réglementaires plus favorables.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031340-fr
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  • 87
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    OECD Forum 2007 : Forum Highlights (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264064645
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (66 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Forum 2007; Forum Highlights
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Forum 2007: Forum Highlights
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264064645-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 88
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    Migration in OECD countries : Labour Market Impact and Integration Issues (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.562
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: immigration for natives' labour market outcomes, as well as issues linked to immigrants' integration in the host country labour market. Changes in the share of immigrants in the labour force may have a distributive impact on natives' wages, and a temporary impact on unemployment. However, labour market integration of immigrants (as well as integration of second-generation immigrants - both in terms of educational attainments and of labour market outcomes) remains the main challenge facing host economies. In both cases, product and labour market policies have a significant role to play in easing the economy's adjustment to immigration.
    DOI: 10.1787/164604735126
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  • 89
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    Integration of Immigrants in OECD Countries : Do Policies Matter? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.564
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This working paper assesses the ease of immigrants' integration in OECD labour markets by estimating how an immigration background influences the probability of being active or employed and the expected hourly earnings, for given individual characteristics. Applying the same methodology to comparable data across twelve OECD countries, immigrants are shown to significantly lag behind natives in terms of employment and/or wages. The differences narrow as years since settlement elapse, especially as regards wages, reflecting progressive assimilation. Strong differences in immigrant-to-native gaps are also observed across countries, and the paper shows that they may, to a significant extent, be explained by differences in labour market policies, in particular unemployment benefits, the tax wedge and the minimum wage. In addition, immigrants are shown to be overrepresented among outsiders in the labour market and, as such, highly sensitive to the difference in employment protection legislation between temporary and permanent contracts.
    DOI: 10.1787/162367775052
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  • 90
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    Le pari de la croissance : Contribution du Secrétaire général de l'OCDE aux travaux de la Commission Attali (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040878
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (190 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; France
    Kurzfassung: Cette publication présente un recueil d'analyses de l’OCDE sur les politiques susceptibles de relancer durablement l'économie française. Elle a été produite en préparation de l'intervention du Secrétaire général de l’OCDE, M. Angel Gurría, devant la Commission pour la libération de la croissance française (Commission Attali) en novembre 2007. Elle comporte une série de recommandations sur les thèmes suivants : Stimuler la croissance en France : Réformer le marché du travail pour stimuler la croissance et l’emploi ; Promouvoir la croissance à long terme : Le rôle de la fiscalité ; Améliorer la gestion de l’environnement et son impact sur la croissance ; Développer les performances du système éducatif ; Promouvoir l’innovation pour stimuler la croissance économique ; Renforcer la compétitivité régionale ; Améliorer l’efficacité de l’administration publique ; Réduire les obstacles à la croissance : le rôle de la réforme réglementaire ; Renforcer la concurrence ; Supprimer les obstacles au commerce ; Développer l’agriculture française.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040878-fr
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  • 91
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    Obligations de services non commerciaux et leur libéralisation (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 93-189
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 98 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Non-Commercial Services Obligations and Liberalisation
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 93-189
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; France
    Kurzfassung: Les obligations de services universels sont fréquentes dans de nombreux secteurs d’infrastructure. On cite souvent ces obligations comme justification aux limites mises à l’entrée de nouveaux fournisseurs car ceux-ci sélectionneraient les clients les plus rentables qui servent à subventionner un autre groupe de clients. Quand les obligations sont rentables, les pièges sont nombreux : les obligations sont souvent mal définies et mal ciblées sur les clients supposés recevoir de l’aide. Les obligations sont fréquemment définies de manière étroite, d’une façon qui désavantage les nouvelles technologies et sont source de grands gaspillages. Le financement des obligations non commerciales peut souvent être assuré de manière plus efficace que par le biais de subventions croisées et être dépensé sur de multiples fournisseurs de service plutôt qu’un fournisseur privilégié. Tomber dans ces pièges peut amener à surinvestir dans certaines technologies d’infrastructure et à sous investir dans d’autres. Cette note offre un éclairage aux problèmes de concurrence que les obligations de service universel peuvent engendrer et sur les moyens d’y remédier. Cette Table ronde du Comité de la concurrence s’est tenue en octobre 2003.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v7-art3-fr
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  • 92
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    Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 : Télécommunications, transports terrestres, eau et électricité (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024014
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (412 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030; Telecom, Land Transport, Water and Electricity
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030: Telecom, Land Transport, Water and Electricity
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: L’énergie, les transports, l’eau et les télécommunications sont autant d’infrastructures indispensables au développement et à la croissance, aujourd’hui comme demain. Au cours des prochaines décennies, les besoins en investissements infrastructurels seront massifs, et se chiffreront en trillions de dollars. Comment seront financés ces investissements, alors que les populations des pays de l’OCDE vieillissent rapidement et que la situation des finances publiques devient plus délicate ? Comment des facteurs tels que l’urbanisation, le changement climatique et la mondialisation affecteront-ils le développement des infrastructures dans les pays de l’OCDE ? et comment le rôle du secteur public et des acteurs privés évoluera-t-il au fil du temps ? Ce ne sont là que quelques-unes des questions que le rapport de l'OCDE rapport soulève dans son évaluation à long terme du devenir des infrastructures des pays de l'OCDE et de la zone non-OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024014-fr
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  • 93
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    Législations nucléaires des pays de l'OCDE : France (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264064096
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Législations nucléaires des pays de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries; France
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries: France
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; France
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264064096-fr
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  • 94
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    Online-Ressource
    L' échelle de la compétitivité : Comment la gravir (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264028296
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Serie: Études du Centre de Développement
    Serie: Études du Centre de développement
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Ladder of Competitiveness; How to Climb it
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Ladder of Competitiveness: How to Climb it
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Economics ; Industrie ; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ; Produktivität ; Außenhandel
    Kurzfassung: Les palmarès de la compétitivité nationale permettent de définir un classement, avec des possibilités de comparaisons immédiates, des gagnants et des perdants de la compétition économique mondiale.Cependant, ils laissent un certain nombre de questions sans réponse. S’appuyant sur des données empiriques émanant de plus de 50 pays, cet ouvrage montre que même de petites différences concernant un certain nombre de facteurs peuvent concourir à stimuler ou au contraire bloquer la productivité. Les pouvoirs publics ont besoin de telles informations pour fixer des priorités. Les investisseurs en ont aussi besoin, et deux nouveaux classements sont proposés à titre d’alternatives à une simple comparaison de la productivité industrielle. Le premier, intitulé le « classement investisseur », repose sur les infrastructures, le capital humain et la productivité totale des facteurs. Le second, le « classement exportateur », est destiné aux investisseurs dont la préoccupation première est de trouver une plate-forme de production bien intégrée dans le commerce mondial. Si l’on associe ces nouveaux classements à un troisième, plus traditionnel, on obtient trois groupes de pays qualifiés d’équilibrés, à fort potentiel et vulnérables. La composition des groupes réserve cependant quelques surprises : en effet, on peut être riche, mais cela ne signifie pas pour autant qu’on n’est pas vulnérable.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264028296-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Ladder of Competitiveness : How to Climb it (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264028272
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (137 p.)
    Serie: Development Centre Studies
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'échelle de la compétitivité ; Comment la gravir
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'échelle de la compétitivité : Comment la gravir
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Causa, Orsetta The ladder of competitiveness
    RVK:
    QC 340
    RVK:
    QM 200
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivität ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Welt ; Competition ; Industrial productivity ; Development ; Economics ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Produktionsstruktur ; Produktionsfaktor ; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
    Kurzfassung: Tables of national competitiveness give an easily comparable ranking of the winners and losers of global economic competition. But they don't explain why the “poor” countries are four times less productive than the “rich” ones or why some rich countries are twice as productive as others. Using empirical data from over 50 countries, this book shows how even small differences in a number of factors combine to boost or block productivity. Governments need such information to set priorities. Investors need it too, and two new rankings are proposed as alternatives to a simple comparison of industrial productivity. The first, called the “investor ranking”, is based on infrastructure, human capital and total factor productivity. The second, “exporter ranking”, is for investors whose prime concern is for a production platform well-integrated into world trade. Combining the new rankings with a more traditional one produces three groups of countries, termed balanced, high potential, and vulnerable. Group membership reserves some surprises: you may be rich, but that doesn’t mean you’re not vulnerable.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264028272-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    L' espace à l'horizon 2030 : Relever les défis de la société de demain (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264008359
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (380 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Space 2030; Tackling Society's Challenges
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Space 2030: Tackling Society's Challenges
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Cet ouvrage explore le rôle potentiel de la technologie spatiale dans cinq grands domaines : l'environnement, l'utilisation des ressources naturelles, la mobilité des biens et des personnes, les menaces sur le plan de la sécurité et le développement de la société de l'information. Il passe en revue les problèmes que peut poser le développement d’applications spatiales, et analyse les forces et les faiblesses des dispositifs institutionnels, légaux et réglementaires qui régissent actuellement les activités spatiales dans la zone de l’OCDE et au-delà. Sur la base de cette analyse, il propose pour finir un cadre général dans lequel les gouvernements pourraient inscrire des politiques qui permettraient de concrétiser le potentiel que l’espace a à offrir.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264008359-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Manuel d'Oslo : Principes directeurs pour le recueil et l'interprétation des données sur l'innovation, 3e édition (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013124
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Ausgabe: 3e édition
    Serie: La mesure des activités scientifiques et technologiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Oslo Manual; Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, 3rd Edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Manual de Oslo ; Guía para la recogida e interpretación de datos sobre innovación, 3 edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Oslo Manual; Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, 3rd Edition (Russian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, 3rd Edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Manual de Oslo : Guía para la recogida e interpretación de datos sobre innovación, 3 edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, 3rd Edition (Russian version)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Le Manuel d'Oslo est la principale source internationale de principes directeurs en matière de collecte et d'utilisation d'informations sur les activités d'innovation dans l'industrie. Cette troisième édition tient compte des progrès réalisés dans la compréhension du processus de l' l'innovation, de l'expérience acquise lors de la précédente série de recherche sur l'innovation. Elle prend également compte de l'ouverture du champ d'investigation vers d'autres secteurs de l'industrie et des dernières révisions de classification des normes internationales.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013124-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Mesurer la mondialisation : Manuel de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de la mondialisation économique (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108110
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring Globalisation; OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators 2005
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators; (Polish version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators; (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring Globalisation: OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators 2005
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators: (Polish version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators: (Chinese version)
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Ce manuel donne des indications sur la façon de mesurer et d’interpréter les mesures de l’intensité et l’ampleur de la mondialisation. Il définit les concepts et propose des lignes directrices pour le recueil des données et la mise au point d’indicateurs de la mondialisation. Il traite en particulier des indicateurs se rapportant à l’investissement direct étranger, aux activités économiques des entreprises multinationales, à l’internationalisation de la technologie et à la mondialisation des échanges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108110-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Les Services et la croissance économique : Emploi, productivité et innovation (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264064584
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Growth in Services; Fostering Employment, Productivity and Innovation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Growth in Services: Fostering Employment, Productivity and Innovation
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Lors de sa réunion de mai 2003, le Conseil au niveau des ministres avait demandé à l’OCDE d’analyser la contribution du secteur des services à la croissance de l’emploi, à la productivité et à l’innovation et de mettre en évidence les facteurs, institutions et politiques susceptibles de renforcer les perspectives de croissance de ce secteur. En conséquence, l’OCDE a lancé une étude associant plusieurs Directions. Le présent rapport tire les principales conclusions de fond de ce projet. Il complète le rapport de l’OCDE sur les échanges et l’ajustement structurel, et propose des orientations stratégiques sur la manière dont les pays de l’OCDE peuvent s’ajuster à l’évolution des échanges internationaux. Pris ensemble, ces rapports présentent un programme concret en vue de renforcer la croissance et de réagir à la mondialisation, au changement structurel et à la montée en puissance des services.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264064584-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    L' espace à l'horizon 2030 : quel avenir pour les applications spatiales ? (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264020351
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Space 2030; Exploring the Future of Space Applications
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Space 2030: Exploring the Future of Space Applications
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Depuis le lancement du Spoutnik en 1957, l’attention des médias a été pratiquement monopolisée par des missions spatiales spectaculaires comme l’alunissage d’Apollo en 1969 ou, plus récemment, les étonnantes images de Mars transmises par Mars Pathfinder en 1997 puis par Spirit en 2004. Pourtant, les acteurs de la conquête spatiale ont aussi connu des revers, avec des événements dramatiques comme la tragédie de Columbia, des dépassements budgétaires vertigineux, des espoirs largement déçus et des réductions drastiques des financements publics destinés aux programmes spatiaux. Au fil des années, les progrès des technologies spatiales ont conduit au développement d’équipements militaires et civils de plus en plus sophistiqués. Quelles sont maintenant les perspectives du secteur spatial ? Quels sont les obstacles à la poursuite de son développement ? Quel est son avenir à plus long terme ? Quelles sont ses applications les plus prometteuses ? Pour répondre à ces questions, ce rapport examine un certain nombre de scénarios afin d’explorer les possibilités d’évolution des principales composantes du secteur spatial (le volet militaire, le volet civil et le volet commercial) sur les trois décennies à venir, compte tenu des évolutions d’ordre géopolitique, socio-économique, énergétique et environnemental, et technologique.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264020351-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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