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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (49)
  • BVB  (6)
  • Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore  (28)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (26)
  • Economics
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Springer
    ISBN: 9789819714995
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 207 p. 31 illus., 26 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Creative Economy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.3
    Keywords: Cultural Economics ; Cultural Heritage ; Tourism Management ; Economics ; Culture ; Cultural property ; Tourism ; Management
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819985777
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 139 p. 46 illus., 38 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Advances in Japanese Business and Economics 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics. ; Power resources. ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Field experiments ; Electric power industry ; Smart grid ; Dynamic pricing ; Demand response ; Power crisis ; Great East Japan Earthquake
    Abstract: Part I Smart Grid Economics -- Chapter 1 Economics of Smart Grid: Smart Grid, Time-dependent Pricing (Dynamic Pricing), Demand Response -- Part II Field Experimental Economics -- Chapter 2 Economics of Field Experiment: History of Field Experiment, especially in Energy and Environmental Economics -- Chapter 3 Dynamic Pricing: Purpose, Design, and Results of Field Experiment of Dynamic Pricing -- Chapter 4 Persistence and Habit Formation: Short-term and Long-term Effects of Conservation Request and Dynamic Pricing -- Chapter 5 Switching Cost and Information Friction: Status Quo Bias and Cognitive Incompleteness of Behavioral Change -- Chapter 6 Social Welfare Analysis: Cost-Benefit Ratio of Installing Smart Grid System -- Part III Toward Power System Restructuring -- Chapter 7 Power System Restructuring and Smart Grids.
    Abstract: This book aims to report on a cutting-edge research project of the smart grid in Japan, resting on the three pillars of field experiments, behavioral economics, and big data. The field experiments on the smart grid were conducted in four regions in Japan—Yokohama city, Toyota city, Keihanna Science City, and Kitakyushu city—over a three-year period from 2012 to 2014 after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plants. Our focus here is on demand response in the smart grid environment, which we also discuss in the context of power system reforms. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, policy makers, and business leaders.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819966295
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXV, 152 p. 19 illus., 11 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Public Economy and Urban Governance in China
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Urban economics. ; Development economics. ; Sociology, Urban. ; Infrastructure ; Economic Development ; Economics ; Infrastructure Construction ; China's Economy ; China's Economic Development ; China's Governance System ; National Governance ; GDP ; Infrastructure Economic Growth Model
    Abstract: Introduction -- Brief History and Basic Concepts of Infrastructure -- Origin and Development of Infrastructure Economics -- A Review of Infrastructure Economic Growth Models.-Achievements and Challenges of China’s Infrastructure Development (1949-2019) -- Infrastructure and Market Integration: A Case Study on High-Speed Rail Accessibility -- Infrastructure and Open Development: A Case Study on Foreign Direct Investment.
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of the history, basic concepts, and provision models of infrastructure, significant theories on infrastructure economics, practices at home and abroad that reflect the economic development effects of infrastructure, and four infrastructure economic growth models. Great attention is placed on the domestic front. This book describes and discusses in detail the historical background, development trends, achievements, and challenges of China’s infrastructure from 1949 to 2019, under the classic “supply and demand” analysis framework. From the four perspectives of market integration, open development, people’s livelihood, and endogenous growth, this book carries out an empirical study on how to quantify and make causal inferences about the economic development effects of infrastructure. Based on the conclusion that national governance is of important help to infrastructure provision, this book interprets China’s governance system and its impact on infrastructure provision from the angle of decentralization and offers suggestions on policy optimizing.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819707065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 176 p. 9 illus., 6 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Household Finance ; Finance Health ; Financial Resilience ; Financial Literacy ; Family Financial Behavior ; Household Asset Allocation ; Risky Financial Market ; Entrepreneurial Activity ; Financial Consumer Protection ; FinTec
    Abstract: Chinese Household Finance: Research Background and Conceptual Delineation -- Health status, risk attitude and Household financial investment behavior -- Housing type, financial literacy and household financial investment behavior -- The effect of mental accounting and housing wealth on household financial asset allocation -- The age-period-cohort effect on household financial health -- The influence of risk attitude and borrowing participation on resident entrepreneurship -- The influence of financial exclusion and financial literacy on resident entrepreneurship -- The impact of digital technology on household finance -- Fintech, household finance, and financial consumer protection: opportunities, challenges, and countermeasures.
    Abstract: This book systematically studies and discusses pertinent issues related to household finance in China. This book not only elucidates the concept and connotation of household finance, but also extensively examines the significance and necessity of enhancing household finance and upholding household financial well-being. Drawing upon theories from economics, psychology, sociology, and behavioral finance, it conducts a quantitative analysis of family finance and its influencing factors by constructing models such as Probit model, Tobit model, and APC model to empirically test the underlying mediation mechanism. In addition, from the perspective of inclusive finance development and safeguarding the rights and interests of financial consumers, this book expounds on its profound impact on household finance. This book is a valuable reference for researchers in related fields, and it also provides some insights into residents’ and families’ awareness of financial health. Furthermore, it aids in formulating and improving consumption policies, adjusting economic structures, and preventing household financial risks. This research provides valuable guidance for enhancing family welfare and increasing property income for Chinese residents.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819953622 , 9819953626
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXV, 400 Seiten) , 9 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ikeda, Sanford A City Cannot Be a Work of Art
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human geography ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Urban policy ; Economics ; Sociology, Urban ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics ; Human Geography ; Social Theory ; Urban Policy ; Economics ; Urban Sociology ; Regional and Spatial Economics
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819713820
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 328 p. 123 illus., 94 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Springer Texts in Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Schools of economics. ; Economics ; Economics. ; Econometrics. ; Architecture of the Economic System ; Heterogeneous Interaction and Coordination ; Fault-tolerant Economic System ; Peer-to-peer Transaction ; Blockchain Tied with DLT
    Abstract: Critical Assessments of Economics -- The Role of Money -- A Critical Assessment of Pure Economics -- Redomaining Equilibrium Economics -- Interpreting the Iterated Dilemma Games by using the Presentation Like “Cellular Automatons" -- Evolution of Economics -- The Evolution of Molecule System and the Systemic Risks -- A Measure of Systemic Risk Derived from the Input-Output Table -- Alternative Developing Tools for Economics -- Evolutionary Reconstruction of Economics -- The Reconstruction of the Theory of Production and Preference -- Choice Axioms and A Geometrical Analysis of Rankings -- The Evolution of Exchange Process -- A Theory of International Trade -- Elementary Stochastic Methods for Economics -- Elementary Tools for Stochasitc Analysis -- Stochastic Methods from the Simplest Transaction Dynamics to the Complex Networks -- Statistical Approach on The Economic System.
    Abstract: This textbook presents a new way to visualize or imagine the evolutionary architecture of economics, to judge both its practical outcomes and its ultimate value. Evolutionary economics employs an Aristotelian architecture. The cognitive value of this imagination[H1] must be directly relevant to the evolutionary theory and practice of designing the architecture of the economic system. Mainstream economics completely ignores design value in order to concentrate on the ideal, Platonic vision of the economy. The current system is no longer one that converges on a constant entity, because the system is constantly evolving. The advent of the digital economy is an indispensable next step, and computational power and algorithmic rationality are increasingly dominating the economic system—and complicating it. In today’s society, neither fault nor malice matters in the algorithmic or human system. There is little room left for the effective working of human reason. Correspondingly, the meanings of money, exchange, the market system, auctions, production, consumption, and the currency transaction system are poised to change. In most cases, there will be digital counterparts. A smart contract tied together with DLT, for example, makes it possible to design an economically well-behaved peer-to-peer (P2P) system, which ranges from the micromarket to the international currency transaction system. The introduction of this technology and its architectural design may suggest what a truly decentralized future entails. This change may also bring about a new understanding of existing social consensus and practice. Thus, the implementation of these considerations naturally leads to a new style of chapter structuring in this book, from the classical analytical approach to exploring computational methods and digital tools: in many cases, the problems presented in each chapter are combined with discussions of a respective computational method and its practical value. .
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789819933662
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 330 p. 82 illus., 66 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: Contributions to Environmental Sciences & Innovative Business Technology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Sustainability ; Business and Management ; Economics ; Sustainability ; Business ; Management science ; Economics
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819949359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 113 p. 18 illus.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Finance. ; Economic history. ; Economics ; South-South Cooperation ; Measurement ; Global ; Investing ; Impact ; China ; Evaluation ; Challenge ; Future ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Definition of Impact Investing -- A Brief History and Current Development of Impact Investing Globally -- Impact Investing in China -- Case Study of Impact Investing in China: CD Finance -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Reference -- Appendix.
    Abstract: This book aims to clarify the concept of impact investing by combing the international experience and the practices in China, promote the standardization of the measurement and evaluation system of impact investing, contribute to the establishment of an impact investing ecosystem in China, and guide investment to consider both the social and environmental impact and profitability. This book mainly contains four parts: the definition of impact investing and the similarities and differences with other related concepts; the development, characteristics and trends of global impact investing; the development and the current situation of impact investing in China; a case study in China.
    Note: Jointly published with China Financial & Economic Publishing House
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9789811984891
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 136 p. 1 illus.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Asia—Economic conditions. ; Development economics. ; Technological innovations. ; Asia ; Economics ; China ; Crisis ; Innovation ; Wudaokou ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Dialogue with Ray DALIO—Development and Cooperation in the New World Order -- Chapter 3. Outlook on the World Economy, Finance and Global Order -- Chapter 4. China Economy and Policy Outlook -- Chapter 5. Innovation, Finance, and Tech Competition -- Chapter 6. Monetary Policy and Economic Growth.
    Abstract: This book brings together fresh economic thinking for China at a turning point for the country. Decades of growth have brought new prosperity to China; economic turbulence in 2022 has led to calls for new thinking. 20 of China's top economists came together at 2022's Wudaokou Forum with innovative ideas and radical new perspectives; this book collects the best of the forum, in a volume that will be of interest to economists, China scholars and journalists. Ju Jiandong, Unigroup Chair Professor at PBC School of Finance in Tsinghua University, Director of Center for International Finance and Economic Research (CIFER) and Center for Green Finance Research (CGFR) of Tsinghua NIFR. After receiving his doctorate in Economics from Pennsylvania State University in 1995, he served as professor at University of Oklahoma and professor at School of Economics and Management in Tsinghua University. He was a resident scholar in International Monetary Fund from 2007-2009, and was the Dean of International School of Business Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics from 2014 to 2017. His work has been published in American Economic Review, Journal of Monetary Economics, Journal of International Economics, American Economic Journal and other journals.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789811997525
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 225 p. 18 illus., 13 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics—Psychological aspects. ; International relations. ; Social evolution. ; Economics ; Evolution of Cooperation ; Altruism ; Sociality ; Order ; Freedom
    Abstract: The Paradox of Rationality and Selfishness -- Two Asymmetric and Uncertain Selection---Start Thinking by a Hammer -- Inheritance of Acquired Character and Outbreak of Mass Incidents ---Increasing Pressure Accelerates the Evolution of Altruistic Behavior -- Social Cooperation: Drive Toward Choice of Sex -- Cooperation & Slavery---Free Competition to Social Division of Labor -- The Significance of Our Survival.
    Abstract: This book reviews the antinomy of rationality and selfishness raised from egoism, though rationality and selfishness are understood as basic evolutionary dynamics of humans and other organisms in both classical economics and evolutionary biology. Based on the research and a comparison with human’s social cooperative behavior, the author presents his belief that the social cooperative system, in its essence, cooperation and conflict are of uncertain stochasticity resulting from their intrinsic asymmetric interaction between cooperative partners. The book then discusses limitations of Newton’s methodology of monism in both biology and social science. The understanding of the asymmetric and uncertain characteristics found in cooperation system needs perspective of quantum physics of pluralism. At the end of the book, the author undertakes a review of consistency of Newtonian and monism philosophy and the links between quantum physics and pluralism philosophy.
    Note: Jointly published with Science Press
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9789819927265
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 376 p. 57 illus., 3 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Economic history. ; Public administration. ; Australasia. ; History. ; Urban policy. ; Network utilities ; Economics ; Australian history ; Monopolies ; Australian economic development ; Australian network utilities ; Infrastructure development in Australia ; Railway development in Australia ; Development of telecommunications in Australia ; Urban amenities in Australia ; Economic policy in Australia ; Service delivery in Australia ; Productivity growth in Australia
    Abstract: Part I: Setting the framework -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Australian economic development and network utilities -- Part II: The construction of the new infrastructure: the 19th century -- Chapter 3: Infrastructure development: industrialisation, institutions, private interests, and public capital investment -- Chapter 4: The colonial post office -- Chapter 5: Local supply networks: water and gas -- Chapter 6: Railways: emergence and development -- Part III: A new nation and its networks: 1901 to 1945 -- Chapter 7: Infrastructure provision for a new nation -- Chapter 8: The development of telecommunications -- Chapter 9: Urban amenities: electricity, gas, and tramways -- Chapter 10: The railways: growth and decline -- Part IV: The post-war era: 1945 to 1988 -- Chapter 11: The post-war world -- Chapter 12: Telecommunications: extending the network -- Chapter 13: Urban growth and change -- Chapter 14: Transport: a new way forward -- Part V: Conclusion -- Chapter 15: Economic policy, service delivery, and productivity.
    Abstract: This book traces the historical development of the network utilities sector in Australia (communications, rail, gas, electricity, water supply, and sewerage services). It looks across industries, time periods and the state and federal jurisdictions, to identify what motivated the various governments to establish these enterprises and what issues arose. The book is therefore informed by the relationship between politics and society on the one hand and economic history on the other; as well as the efforts of governments in Australia to promote economic growth and the wealth of Australians. The main focus of the book is to identify and analyse the following two main questions: (i) What were the main drivers and motivations for governments establishing government-owned business in the network utilities sector? (ii) To what degree were these government-owned businesses successful at achieving the aims of these governments? In doing so the inherent characteristics of these industries are identified, in terms of their need for rights of way, network effects, the monopoly characteristics, and the potential for stimulating growth. Malcolm Abbott is an economist by profession who specialises in research in energy markets, water supply, transport, and network industries in general. In the past he has worked for the ACCC, KPMG, as a Ministerial Advisor, and as an Associate Professor of Economics at the Swinburne University of Technology in Australia. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Melbourne. Bruce Cohen is a private consultant and former barrister who has worked extensively in the energy and water sectors in Australia. He holds a Ph.D. in Public Policy from The Australian National University and has been a member of the board of directors of a number of utility companies, a Commissioner of the Victorian Competition and Efficiency Commission, and a former Chair of VicTrack and the Victorian Commission for Gambling and Liquor Regulation.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819918508
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 288 p. 100 illus., 91 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Advances in Applied General Equilibrium Modeling
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Econometrics. ; Macroeconomics. ; Economics ; Capital market. ; China ; Population ; CHINAGEM ; CGE computable general equilibrium ; CGE modelling computable general equilibrium modelling ; Dynamic CGE modelling Dynamic computable general equilibrium modelling ; China economy ; Applied general equilibrium modelling ; Static CGE modelling ; Economic modelling ; CGE database ; Historical simulation ; Labour market reform ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Part 1: Introduction: CGE and its contribution to the policy debate -- Chapter 1. Introduction/Overview -- Chapter 2. Contribution of CGE modelling in international and national policy debate -- Part 2: Equations and data, and closures for historical, decomposition, baseline and policy simulations -- Chapter 3. Equations and solution method of CHINAGEM model -- Chapter 4. Database Chatper 5. Closures of CHINAGEM model -- Chapter 6. Illustration of closures: the Chinese economy from 2012-2030 -- Part 3: Applications and add-on modules -- Chapter 7. Labour market reform and economic growth - Labour market module and its application -- Chapter 8. Population ageing, pension system reform and economic growth –pension module and its application -- Chatper 9. China’s new population policy and its effects on macro economy – population projection module and its application -- Chapter 10. China’s economic transition and its effect on energy demand and greenhouse emissions – energy and climate change module and its application -- Chapter 11. Regional extension.
    Abstract: This book contains detailed documentation of the CHINAGEM model - a large-scale dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of China and its applications. Specifically, this book documents the theory and database behind the CHINAGEM model. This book explores the closure development for the four simulation modes of the model including historical, decomposition, forecast and policy simulations, the detailed explanation of how to analyze simulation results, and the extensions of CHINAGEM and their applications. These extensions include several innovative modules and case studies as examples of the application of CHINAGEM. This book provides an entry point for CGE modellers to develop their analytical skills. This book can also be used as a platform for research institutes to develop CGE models suitable for their research portfolio. The module developments included in this book are designed to capture the specific features of the Chinese economy. The applications of these modules chosen in the book cover hot policy issues in China, and the simulation results have valuable policy implications. This book identifies that the CHINAGEM model itself and all the extensions can be used for analysing many new topics and policy issues such as the effects of the USA–China trade war, the effects of Made in China 2025 Plan as well as China’s commitment to the carbon neutrality before 2060 and its economic implications.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789811991196
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 210 p. 40 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Springer Texts in Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Business enterprises—Finance. ; Economics—Psychological aspects. ; Consolidation and merger of corporations. ; Accounting. ; Capital market. ; Financial risk management. ; Business enterprises ; Economics ; Corporate finance ; Corporate finance vs behavioral finance ; Options and corporate finance ; Concepts of firm valuation ; Financial statements ; Investor appraisal ; Firm's ownership and control
    Abstract: Introduction -- Basic Concepts of Valuation -- The Ownership and Objectives of the Firm -- Financial Statements and Financial Ratios -- Opportunity Cost and Investment Criteria -- Internal Rate of Return, Profitability Index and Payback Period Methods -- Risk and Return -- Capital Structure in a Perfect Market -- Derivatives and Corporate Finance -- Behavioral Finance and Efficient Markets -- Capital Structure in an Imperfect Market -- Payout Policy -- Merges and Acquisitions -- Corporate Governance.
    Abstract: This textbook takes on a systematic approach to elaborating on the different subjects within corporate finance. The chapters bring together existing concepts with examples and stories that allow students to easily understand and apply financial tools. In doing so, the book strives to clarify misconceptions in the literature on topics related to firm’s ownership and control, problems of the Modigliani-Miller first and second propositions, relationship between options and corporate finance, behavioral finance versus corporate finance, etc. The book takes into consideration the growing importance of the Asian economy and financial markets in recent years, and constructs the P-index to measure and compare the risk structures of US and China’s stocks and stock indexes. This book is a primary text written for the introductory courses in corporate finance at the M.B.A. level and for the intermediate courses in undergraduate programs, but can also be of great use to Ph.D. students as well as professionals.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819908417
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 133 p. 4 illus.)
    Series Statement: Springer Studies in the History of Economic Thought
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gonjo, Yasuo The Truth of Liberal Economy
    Keywords: Rueff, Jacques ; Keynes, John Maynard ; Economics—History. ; Economics. ; Economic history. ; Economics ; Jacques Rueff ; John Maynard Keynes ; Neo-liberalism ; European Common Market ; Structural Reform ; Liberal Economy ; Mont Pelerin Society ; Liberalismus
    Abstract: Chapter 1 Introduction: A Portrait of Jacques Rueff -- Chapter 2 The Economic Consequences of World War I: Keynes and Rueff -- Chapter 3 “Permanent Unemployment” and the Unemployment Insurance System in the United Kingdom -- Chapter 4 The German Transfer Controversy -- Chapter 5 The Reconstructed International Monetary System and the Process of Its Collapse — Rueff, the Unwavering Theorist -- Chapter 6 Keynes's “General Theory” which is not a General Theory -- Chapter 7 The Dollar and the International Monetary System after World War II — The Inherited Keynesian Approach -- Chapter 8 The Dollar and the International Monetary System after World War II — Rueff’s Struggle -- Chapter 9 The Birth of Neoliberalism in Paris, 1938 -- Chapter 10 The World of Rueff's “Social Order”—The Economic Sociology of Anti-Inflation -- Chapter 11 European Economic Integration and Neoliberalism -- Chapter 12 Neoliberal Structural Reforms in France -- Chapter 13 Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book provides historical, theoretical, and biographical perspectives on two giants of contemporary economics, Jacques Rueff (1896-1978) and John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946). The former French bureaucrat and academician championed classical economics; the latter British economist founded macro-economics criticizing the classical school. Depending upon archival sources, including personal correspondences between the above two figures, the book describes furious debates between them and surrounding them. In fact, the two economists proposed contrasting diagnosis over almost every event in contemporary world economy: the reparations problem, the Great Depression, the gold exchange standard, and the Bretton Wood System. Keynes appraised managed currency to cope with unemployment, criticizing the classical gold standard; Rueff believed the function of market mechanism, blaming the state intervention. The book highlights deep influence of Rueff, rather larger than Keynes, in Europe before and after WWII. The perspective of the book reaches today’s economic issues. The classical view of Rueff was shared in Mont Pelerin Society, a cradle of neo-liberalism. Rueff’s market-friendly view paved way to the neo-liberal reforms which took place after the 1980s. The classical market theory of Rueff, together with dialogues with the labor unions, prepared the social background of the European Union. This book thus reveals the truth of liberal economy, from the 20th to 21st centuries.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789819912414
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 616 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Regional economics. ; Spatial economics. ; Consumer behavior. ; Marketing. ; Economics ; Management. ; Industrial Management. ; Kaiyu ; Shop-Around ; Huff Model ; Kaiyu Markov ; Multivariate Poisson ; Policy Evaluation ; Urban Development ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1. A disaggregate hierarchical decision Huff model incorporating consumer Kaiyu choices among shopping sites -- Chapter 2. A dynamical Huff model: Computing the competitive equilibrium distribution of shop floor areas over a city center commercial district using the Fixed-Point Algorithm -- Chapter 3. Kaiyu Markov model and evaluation of retail spatial structures -- Chapter 4. Basics of Kaiyu Markov models: Reproducibility theorems—a validation of infinite Kaiyu representation -- Chapter 5. Kaiyu Markov Model with Covariates to Forecast the Change of Consumer Kaiyu Behaviors caused by a Large-Scale City Center Retail Redevelopment -- Chapter 6. Estimation of Disaggregate Huff and Kaiyu Markov Model: A Lecture Note on Conditional Logit Model -- Chapter 7. A Disaggregate Kaiyu Markov Model to Forecast the Sales of Retail Establishments based on the Consumers’ Frequency of Visits -- Chapter 8. How Would the Kyushu Super-Express Railway Opening Change the Flow of Tourists from the Kansai Region within the Kyushu Wide Area, Japan? : A Micro Behavior Analysis of the Destination’s Hub Function -- Chapter 9. A Micro Behavior Approach to Estimating and Forecasting the Intervening Opportunity Effects with a Multivariate Poisson Model: A Case for the New Terminal Complex of Kyushu Super-Express Railway, JR Hakata City -- Chapter 10. How would the opening of JR Hakata City, a new terminal complex of the Kyushu super-express railway, change the number of visitors, retail sales, and consumers’ Kaiyu flows in the city center commercial district of Fukuoka City? -- Chapter 11. How Many Customers Would be Brought Back from Suburban Shopping Malls to the City Center by Redeveloping the City Center Station Building, JR Oita City, Japan?: A Multivariate Poisson Model with Competitive Destinations -- Chapter 12. An Opportunity Cost Approach to Valuation of the River in a City Center Retail Environment: Another Application of Kaiyu Markov Model -- Chapter 13. Extraction of Long Sightseeing Kaiyu Routes in the Kyushu Wide Region, Japan -- Chapter 14. A Bayesian Network Model of Consumers’ Kaiyu Behaviors.
    Abstract: This book is the first comprehensive presentation of a Kaiyu Markov model with covariates and a multivariate Poisson model with competitive destinations. These two models are core techniques when the authors and colleagues conduct their Kaiyu studies. The two models are usually used to forecast the effects of specific urban redevelopment on both the number of visitors and consumer shop-around or Kaiyu movements. Their Kaiyu studies originated from the constructions of a Kaiyu Markov model and the disaggregated hierarchical decision Huff model almost simultaneously around the early 1980s. This book retrospectively reviews how these models have evolved from the start to the present state, and previews the ongoing efforts to make further extensions of these models. The extension of the Huff model started from the disaggregated hierarchical decision Huff model with shop-arounds. In retrospect, the model formulated the consumer’s simultaneous choice of destinations as a joint probability. The mechanism to determine this joint probability was a recursive conditional probability system. Now the Huff model has shifted from joint probability to multivariate frequency Poisson with competitive destinations. On the other hand, the Kaiyu Markov model started from a descriptive model. Because it cannot forecast changes in shop-arounds or consumer Kaiyu behaviors, the Kaiyu Markov model with covariates was developed in which entrance and shop-around choice probabilities are explained by the respective two logit models with covariates such as distances and shop-floor areas. The noticeable point is that it can explain consumers’ probability of quitting their shop-arounds. Thus, the model enables one to evaluate the effects of urban revitalization policy that promotes consumers’ shop-arounds or Kaiyu behaviors. Furthermore, if the Kaiyu Markov model can estimate the actual numbers of flows of consumers’ shop-arounds among shopping sites, the corresponding money flows also can be estimated as economic effects. This book discusses from scratch the evolution of all these topics. Thus this book provides the basics of the Kaiyu Markov model, a tutorial for the theory and estimation of the conditional logit model, and a chapter serving as a practical research manual for forecasting changes caused by urban development based on consumers’ Kaiyu behaviors.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819952571
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 207 p. 95 illus., 75 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wang, Cheng Anti-Fraud Engineering for Digital Finance
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics ; Learning Automata ; Fraud detection ; Online Payment Services ; Online Social Networks ; Behavioral Modeling ; System Integration ; Network representation learning ; Decision Explainability ; Fraud Prediction ; Online Lending Services
    Abstract: Overview of Digital Finance Anti Fraud Vertical Association Modeling: Latent Interaction Modeling -- Horizontal Association Modeling: Deep Relation Modeling -- Explicable Integration Techniques: Relative Temporal Position Taxonomy -- Multidimensional Behavior Fusion: Joint Probabilistic Generative Modeling -- Knowledge Oriented Strategies: Dedicated Rule Engine -- Enhancing Association Utility: Dedicated Knowledge Graph -- Associations Dynamic Evolution: Evolving Graph Transformer.
    Abstract: This book offers an introduction to the topic of anti-fraud in digital finance based on the behavioral modeling paradigm. It deals with the insufficiency and low-quality of behavior data and presents a unified perspective to combine technology, scenarios, and data for better anti-fraud performance. The goal of this book is to provide a non-intrusive second security line, rather than replaced with existing solutions, for anti-fraud in digital finance. By studying common weaknesses in typical fields, it can support the behavioral modeling paradigm across a wide array of applications. It covers the latest theoretical and experimental progress and offers important information that is just as relevant for researchers as for professionals.
    Note: Jointly published with Tongji University Press Co., Ltd
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819972739
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 417 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: Translational Systems Sciences 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Macroeconomics. ; Microeconomics. ; Economics ; Operations research. ; Consumption Preference ; Invisible Hand ; Method of Optimization ; Rationality ; Utility Representation
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Revisits to Some Fundamental Issues Facing Economic & Business Studies -- Chapter 2. Systems Science and the Logic of Systemic Reasoning -- Chapter 3. Closed and Open Systems -- Chapter 4. The Evolution of Freely Competitive Markets -- Chapter 5. Consumer’s Natural Endowments -- Chapter 6. Scenarios not Adequately Investigated. Chapter 7. Each Customer Defines What is Optimal and How to Optimize -- Chapter 8. Rationality: Optimal Fit to the Underlying Value-Belief System -- Chapter 9. Economy’s Properties Emerging out of Micro Agents of Inconsistent Interests -- Chapter 10. Overcoming the Challenge of the Fallacy of Composition -- Chapter 11. Production, Costs and Profits of a Producer Firm -- Chapter 12. Production Possibilities, Correspondence and Factor Demand -- Chapter 13. Optimal Production Correspondence and Aggregated Supply/Demand -- Chapter 14 Consumption Preferences and Utilities -- Chapter 15. Convexities of Consumption Preferences -- Chapter 16. Budget and Demand Correspondence -- Chapter 17. Management Efficiency and Organizational Inefficiency. .
    Abstract: The objective of this book is to answer the calls from front-line managers, entrepreneurs, and scholarly researchers to reconstruct the theories of economics and business. Their request is for new theories to be more relevant to real life than the now-prevalent ones. To provide that answer, the book proposes to develop elementary postulates at the level of the four natural endowments of a business firm or an individual: self-awareness, imagination, conscience, and free will. Then, conclusions based on these postulates can be established through logical reasoning. On this realistic footing, the book employs the concepts, methodology, and logical reasoning of systems science to answer a full list of theoretically and practically important questions. Those queries involve such topics as rationality, the meanings of optima and choices of optimization methods, the relationship between micro- and macro-phenomena, consumption preferences, and utility representations. The target audience of the book includes graduate students and scholarly researchers, particularly those who look for opportunities to develop new territories in the world of economic and business knowledge. The book also aims at front-line decision-making managers and entrepreneurs who seek sounder theories than the commonly available ones on which to base their critical decisions. By competently employing the systemic intuition–yoyo model, graduate students, scholarly researchers, decision-making managers, and entrepreneurs can attain new conclusions. In addition, they will gain insightful understanding of market signals without unnecessarily expending other resources of limited availability.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9789819907830
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 103 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: The Steppe and Beyond: Studies on Central Asia
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als A revolt in the Steppe
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: 2020 bis 2029 n. Chr ; 21st century ; Russia—History. ; Europe, Eastern—History. ; Soviet Union—History. ; Economic history. ; Political science. ; Europe, Eastern ; Soviet Union ; Russia ; Kazakhstan ; Central Asia ; political protest ; Authoritarianism ; Legitimization of Dictatorships ; 21st century history: from c 2000 - ; Asian history ; Asiatische Geschichte ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economics / General ; Central government ; Economics ; HISTORY / Asia / General ; POL058000 ; POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Affairs & Administration ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Zentralregierung ; Kasachstan ; Kazakhstan ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1: An Unpredictable Revolt in the Steppe? -- Chapter 2: Will you Preserve my Political Legacy? Lessons from Kazakhstan and Other Authoritarian States -- Chapter 3: Between Threat, Alliance, and Multivectorism: Kazakh-Russian Relations in the Wake of the Russo-Ukrainian War -- Chapter 4: From Qandy Qantar to Tragic January: State Framing of the January Events -- Chapter 5 : Foreign terrorists and Kyrgyz jazzmen: framing the January 2022 unrest in Kazakhstan.
    Abstract: This book explores the various ramifications and consequences of the violent civil protests that affected Kazakhstan in January 2022. In this compelling study, the authors examine the underlying social and political tensions that have affected this biggest country of Central Asia, especially since its political transition of 2019 and how the state has managed to justify its actions that led to a return to peace. It also puts in perspective this event in the wider transition affecting Eurasia with the war in Ukraine and how this shift of world politics may impact Kazakhstan that required the support of Russia and the other members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization during these protests. This book will be of value for scholars, journalists and NGOs working on authoritarianism and on Central Asia. Jean-François Caron is an Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Nazarbayev University.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819904204
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 658 p. 15 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics—History. ; Economic policy. ; Macroeconomics. ; Economics ; Quality Economic Growth ; Modern Market System ; Price Reform ; Modern Financial System ; The Three Rural Issues ; Regional Economic Development ; Opening Up Theory ; Financial Risk Prevention and Governance ; Supply-side Structural Reform
    Abstract: Overview -- Economic Research in China: Analysis Based on Papers Published in the Economic Research Journal -- Chapter 1 The Establishment and Development of the Socialist Market Economy Theory -- Chapter 2 The Establishment of the Theory of the Primary Stage of Socialism -- Chapter 3 The Establishment and Development of the Basic Socialist Economic System Theory -- Chapter 4 The Innovation and Development of Enterprise Theory -- Chapter 5 The Construction and Theoretical Innovation of the Socialist Market System -- Chapter 6 The Interaction of Theory with Practice in China’s Price Reform -- Chapter 7 The Theory of Industrial Structure and Industrial Organization -- Chapter 8 Macroeconomic Management Theory with Chinese Characteristics -- Chapter 9 The Reform of China’s Fiscal and Taxation System -- Chapter 10 Innovation and Development of China’s Financial Theory -- Chapter 11 Innovation and Development of Income Distribution Theory -- Chapter 12 From “Development is the Absolute Principle”, to the Scientific Outlook on Development, to the New Development Concept -- Chapter 13 The “Three Rural” Issues in China’s Market-oriented Economic Reform -- Chapter 14 The Main Progress and Innovation of Regional Economic Theory Research -- Chapter 15 Exploration and Development of Natural Resource Economics -- Chapter 16 The Transformation of Mode of Economic Growth and the Structural Reform of Supply-side -- Chapter 17 The Development and Review of the Opening Up Theory -- Chapter 18 The Construction of Socialist Political Economics with Chinese characteristics -- Postscript.
    Abstract: This book reviews the development of Chinese economics since the reform and opening-up, associated with the history and experience of China's economic growth. This book makes a systematic study of the direction of reform, the method of reform, the path of reform, the main body of reform and the motive force of reform, accumulates more experiences that can be used for reference for the exploration of new reforms to be opened, and probes into the way of reform in the next period. The topics cover all key concepts and theories relating to the China's economic reform.
    Note: Jointly published with China Social Sciences Press
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819951697
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 158 p. 8 illus., 7 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aspalter, Christian Super inequality
    Keywords: Sozialpolitik ; Mikroökonomik ; Neue politische Ökonomie ; Verhaltensökonomik ; X-Effizienz ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Theorie ; Social policy. ; Economics ; Welfare economics. ; BUS069040 ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economics / Microeconomics ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Industries / General ; Behavioural economics ; Civil service & public sector ; Kommunal-, Regional- Landes und Lokalregierung ; Microeconomics ; Mikroökonomie ; POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Affairs & Administration ; Regional government ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Human Services ; Social welfare & social services ; Sozialwesen und soziale Dienste ; Verhaltensökonomie ; Öffentlicher Dienst und öffentlicher Sektor ; Behavioral Economics ; Behavioral Social Policy ; Public Choice Theory ; Systemic Health ; Social and Economic Problems ; Harvey Leibenstein ; Niklas Luhmann ; Unequal and Distorted Development ; Distorted Health Development ; Systemic Inequality and Poverty ; Jürgen Habermas ; Michel Foucault ; Distorted Choice Theory ; Limitations to Human Behavior ; Efficiency and Performance Shortcomings
    Abstract: Chapter 1 -- The Fascinating World of Human Action: An Introduction. Chapter 2.-The General Theory of Distorted Choices. Chapter 3. The General Theory of Z-Efficiency. Chapter 4 -- The General Theory of Super Inequality. Chapter 5 -- On Notions of Evolution and Development: A Concluding Note.
    Abstract: This book bridges the disciplines of micro-economics and social policy in general, and, in particular, behavioral/explanatory social policy and public choice theory, plus Leibenstein’s X-efficiency theory. Being trained as an economist and social policy scientist, the author leaps out of the comfort zone of most social policy scientists and experts, right into the exciting world of micro-economic theory, and then extending and connecting those theories to explain major social, political and economic conundrums of our time. In doing so, the book offers a new set of theoretical—and practical—explanations derived from the general proposition of micro-economic theory, of how government officers, policymakers, administrators and the people themselves alike are, by and large, motivated in their daily as well as strategic (long-term) decision-making. Using a meta-analytical approach (based on a number of grand theories), this book also explains systemic factors behind human behavior and the thereof resulting shortcomings in lifetime outcomes (health, wealth and happiness of a person) and at the same time societal, policy-making, and economic outcomes on societal level, and in global comparison. The outcomes thereof can be measured exactly (and hence validated), especially through the method of empirical comparative social science/economic research. Here, the author also (but not only) introduces the new method of using Aspalter's Standardized Relative Performance (SRP) Index in measuring exactly complex, aggregate performances of multiple governments, and that at the same time also across the entire world.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Springer
    ISBN: 9789819966240
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 114 p. 6 illus., 4 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: Urban Sustainability
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.372
    Keywords: Social Justice ; Well-Being ; Political Economy and Economic Systems ; Social justice ; Well-being ; Economics
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819943265 , 9819943264
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVIII, 281 Seiten) , 99 illus., 21 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als India-China Dialogues Beyond Borders
    DDC: 320.95
    Keywords: Asia Politics and government ; Economic policy ; Social policy ; Economics ; Culture ; International trade ; Ethnology Asia ; Asian Politics ; Socio-Economic Policy ; Cultural Economics ; International Trade ; Asian Culture
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819979394
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVIII, 483 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: Translational Systems Sciences 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Macroeconomics. ; Microeconomics. ; Economics ; Operations research. ; Agency Problem ; Creative Destruction ; Market Sensing ; Synergistic Innovation ; Clash of Currencies
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Potential Unification of Applied Economic and Business Studies -- Chapter 2. The Ecosystem of a Firm -- Chapter 3. Beneficially Developed Synergistic Innovations -- Chapter 4. Innovations and Resources -- Chapter 5. Artificial Intelligence and Technological Innovation -- Chapter 6. Market-Sensing and Market-Reaching Capabilities -- Chapter 7. Agency Problem, Managerial Control and Projects’ Interactions -- Chapter 8. Sustainable and Transient Competitive Advantages -- Chapter 9. Successful Adaption to the Present Era -- Chapter 10. Indecisive Customers and Sales Associates with Elevated Competitiveness -- Chapter 11. Appropriate Strategies and Necessary Organizational Supports -- Chapter 12. The Decision of either Going International or Staying Domestic -- Chapter 13. A Few Important Issues regarding Child Labor -- Chapter 14. Industry Sizes and Wage Differentials -- Chapter 15. Clashes of Currencies -- Chapter 16. Several Strategies of Self-Defense.
    Abstract: The objective of this book, the second volume of this monograph series, is to respond to the calls from front-line managers, entrepreneurs, and scholarly researchers to reconstruct the theories of economics and business so that the new theories will be more relevant to real life than the prevalent ones. Differing from what is presented in the first volume, this second volume emphasizes the development of systemic principles underlying a whole series of empirical discoveries and theoretical conclusions in more applied business studies. By employing the concepts, methodology, and logical reasoning of systems science, this volume addresses important issues about value creation and capture, managerial decision making in the modern business world, and the management of large-scale business forces. The book particularly targets graduate students and scholarly researchers who are looking for opportunities to develop new territory in the world of applied economic and business knowledge. In addition, it aims at front-line decision-making managers and entrepreneurs who want sounder theories and more reliable methods than the commonly available ones on which to base their critical decisions. By masterfully employing the concepts, methodology, and logical reasoning of systems science, readers can expect to become better able to discover the previously unfamiliar essence of business practices and insightful opportunities for profit.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789811944031
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 228 p. 39 illus., 6 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022
    Series Statement: International Perspectives in Geography, AJG Library 19
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human geography ; Management ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Cover
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789811906411 , 9811906416
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIX, 304 Seiten) , 12 illus., 11 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Re-centering Cultural Performance and Orange Economy in Post-colonial Africa
    DDC: 327.2
    Keywords: Diplomacy ; Africa—Politics and government ; Economics ; Culture ; Cultural policy ; Ethnology—Africa ; Diplomacy ; African Politics ; Cultural Economics ; Cultural Policy and Politics ; African Culture
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789811593055
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 173 p. 43 illus., 36 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022
    Series Statement: Creative Economy
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    DDC: 306.3
    Keywords: Economics ; Culture ; Economic history ; Economic development
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789811937514
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 252 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: Springer Texts in Business and Economics
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: International economic relations. ; Economic history. ; Schools of economics. ; Finance. ; Economic development. ; Finance, Public. ; Economics ; Choice and Cost ; Marginal utility ; Ordinal utility ; Cardinal utility ; Crusoe Economics ; Exchange and Demand ; Comparative advantage ; Direct Exchange ; Indirect Exchange ; Elasticity of Demand ; Entrepreneurship ; Private monopolies ; Theory of the Firm ; Ronald Coase theory ; Demsetz-Alchian theory ; Austrian theory ; Social responsibility ; Heterodox Economics ; Market socialism
    Abstract: Chapter 1. What is Economics? -- Chapter 2. Exchange and Demand -- Chapter 3. Determination of Prices -- Chapter 4. Capital, Interest and Production -- Chapter 5. Prices of Factors of Production -- Chapter 6. Money and the Business Cycle -- Chapter 7. Competition and Entrepreneurship -- Chapter 8. Competition and Monopoly -- Chapter 9. Theory of the Firm -- Chapter 10. Free Trade and Protectionism -- Chapter 11. Price Controls -- Chapter 12. Theories of Market Failure -- Chapter 13. Government Failure and Public Choice -- Chapter 14. Economics of Discrimination -- Chapter 15. Political Economy of Risk Management.
    Abstract: This textbook is based upon a philosophical method of logical deduction from basic principles such as scarcity, individual choice and subjectivism. This textbook attempts to show that all complex phenomena of economic theory such as prices of consumer goods and factors of production, saving and consumption, interest and profit, can be explained by the same primitive psychological principles of scarcity and substitution on the margin that could be used to describe economizing Robinson Crusoe on a desert island or two cavemen catching fish or exchanging apples for oranges. This textbook distils the essence of economic science prevailing in price theory before the 1930s, which the authors’ argue is superior to currently popular mainstream theory into a readable and student-friendly textbook format. This is an introductory textbook written in the tradition of Menger, Bohm-Bawerk, Mises and Hayek, instead in the tradition of Alfred Marshall and John Maynard Keynes, as almost all modern textbooks are. The authors offer a text not predicated on physics envy; on an attempt to liken economics to the physical sciences, on the basis of “empirical evidence”, statistics and verification. .
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789811659676 , 9811659672
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 310 Seiten) , 140 illus., 131 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021
    Series Statement: Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Handloom Sustainability and Culture
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Sustainability ; Building materials ; Economics ; Culture ; Environmental education ; Sustainability ; Wood, fabric, and textiles ; Cultural Economics ; Environmental and Sustainability Education
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9781464806131
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (162 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Economics ; Extractive Industry ; Extractives ; Governance ; Minerals ; Mining
    Abstract: El sector de las industrias extractivas (IE) ocupa un lugar considerable en las economias de muchos paises en desarrollo. Los economistas y los profesionales de las finanzas publicas que trabajan en estos paises suelen enfrentarse a problemas que exigen un entendimiento profundo del sector, su economia, su buen gobierno y los desafios en materia de politicas, asi como a las consecuencias de la abundancia de recursos naturales para la gestion fiscal y de las finanzas publicas. El objetivo del estudio de tres volumenes denominado Essentials for Economists and Public Finance Professionals, publicado en la serie de estudios realizados por el Banco Mundial, es presentar un panorama general conciso de los temas relacionados con las IE que estos profesionales probablemente deban encarar. En el primer volumen, "The Extractive Industries Sector", se ofrece una resena general de las cuestiones fundamentales para la economia de las IE; se analizan los componentes principales del buen gobierno, las politicas y los marcos institucionales del sector, y se identifican las obligaciones de financiamiento del sector publico relacionadas con las IE. El analisis de la economia de las IE abarca la valuacion de los activos subterraneos, la interpretacion economica del mineral y la estructura de los mercados de la energia y los minerales. En este volumen se determinan las responsabilidades de las entidades gubernamentales correspondientes y se describen las caracteristicas de los marcos juridicos y normativos del sector de las IE. Se analizan brevemente las funciones clave y especificas del sector, ademas de las estructuras financieras que sustentan las salvaguardas ambientales y sociales; la inversion de los ingresos publicos provenientes del petroleo, el gas o los minerales, asi como la diversificacion economica basada en las industrias extractivas. Los autores esperan que este volumen resulte de utilidad a los economistas y los profesionales de las finanzas publicas que trabajan en paises ricos en recursos (incluidos los encargados de la toma de decisiones en ministerios de finanzas, organizaciones internacionales y otras entidades relevantes) para la comprension y el analisis del sector de las IE
    Note: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (27 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Hoff, Karla Joseph E. Stiglitz
    Keywords: Adverse Selection ; Debt Markets ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Efficient Outcomes ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Imperfect Information ; Incentive Problems ; Innovation ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Economy ; Markets and Market Access ; Perfect Information ; Social Protections and Labor ; Adverse Selection ; Debt Markets ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Efficient Outcomes ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Imperfect Information ; Incentive Problems ; Innovation ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Economy ; Markets and Market Access ; Perfect Information ; Social Protections and Labor ; Adverse Selection ; Debt Markets ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Efficient Outcomes ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Imperfect Information ; Incentive Problems ; Innovation ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Economy ; Markets and Market Access ; Perfect Information ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2001 Nobel Laureate in Economics, helped create the theory of markets with asymmetric information and was one of the founders of modern development economics. He played a leading role in an intellectual revolution that changed the characterization of a market economy. In the new paradigm, the price system only imperfectly solves the information problem of scarcity because of the many other information problems that arise in the economy: the selection over hidden characteristics, the provision of incentives for hidden behaviors and for innovation, and the coordination of choices over institutions
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Buckley, Robert M Is Accra A Superstar City?
    Keywords: Adverse Effects ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Elasticity ; Equations ; Gross Domestic Product ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Income ; Income Groups ; Inflation Rate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Underestimates ; Adverse Effects ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Elasticity ; Equations ; Gross Domestic Product ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Income ; Income Groups ; Inflation Rate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Underestimates ; Adverse Effects ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Elasticity ; Equations ; Gross Domestic Product ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Income ; Income Groups ; Inflation Rate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Underestimates
    Abstract: A recent study of house price behavior in U.S. cities by Gyourko, Mayer, and Sinai (2006) raises questions about so-called superstar cities in which housing is so inelastically supplied that it becomes unaffordable, as higher-income families outbid residents. We consider the case of Accra, Ghana, in this light, estimating the elasticity of housing supply and discussing the implications for growth and income distribution. There is not a great deal of data available to examine trends in Accra, so our method is indirect. First, we use a variant of the traditional monocentric city model to calculate the elasticity of Accra's housing supply relative to those of other similarly-sized African cities. This suggests that housing supply responsiveness is much higher elsewhere. This muted supply responsiveness is consistent with the observed higher housing prices. Second, we estimate a number of traditional housing demand equations and reduced form equations. Placing a number of restrictions on the equations allows us to infer Accra's housing supply elasticity. Taken together, our approaches suggest that lower-income families in Accra have such poor housing conditions because the market is extremely unresponsive to demand. Although the outcomes we have traced-high housing prices and low quality-are not unusual relative to the other developed country superstar cities, they are extreme. The welfare costs are considerable, so much so that in addition to direct housing market effects, these policies also appear to have potentially significant implications for the achievement of more equitable growth
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dinar, Ariel Factors Affecting Levels of International Cooperation In Carbon Abatement Projects
    Keywords: Abatement ; C ; Carbon ; Carbon dioxide ; Clean development mechanism ; Climate change ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic development ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Emission reductions ; Emissions ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Energy and Environment ; Environment ; Environment and Energy Efficiency ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Sustainable development ; Abatement ; C ; Carbon ; Carbon dioxide ; Clean development mechanism ; Climate change ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic development ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Emission reductions ; Emissions ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Energy and Environment ; Environment ; Environment and Energy Efficiency ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Sustainable development ; Abatement ; C ; Carbon ; Carbon dioxide ; Clean development mechanism ; Climate change ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic development ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Emission reductions ; Emissions ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Energy and Environment ; Environment ; Environment and Energy Efficiency ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Sustainable development
    Abstract: The Clean Development Mechanism, a provision of The Kyoto Protocol, allows countries that have pledged to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to gain credit toward their treaty obligations by investing in projects located in developing (host) countries. Such projects are expected to benefit both parties by providing low-cost abatement opportunities for the investor-country, while facilitating capital and technology flows to the host country. This paper analyzes the Clean Development Mechanism market, emphasizing the cooperation aspects between host and investor countries. The analysis uses a dichotomous (yes/no) variable and three continuous variants to measure the level of cooperation, namely the number of joint projects, the volume of carbon dioxide abatement, and the volume of investment in the projects. The results suggest that economic development, institutional development, the energy structure of the economies, the level of country vulnerability to various climate change effects, and the state of international relations between the host and investor countries are good predictors of the level of cooperation in Clean Development Mechanism projects. The main policy conclusions include the importance of simplifying the project regulation/clearance cycle; improving the governance structure host and investor countries; and strengthening trade or other long-term economic activities that engage the countries
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Lokshin, Michael Measuring Welfare Gains From Better Quality Infrastructure
    Keywords: Air Pollution ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Compensating Variation ; Consumption ; Consumption Patterns ; Demand ; Drinking Water ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equivalent Variation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Income ; Industry ; Information ; Invest ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water and Industry ; Air Pollution ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Compensating Variation ; Consumption ; Consumption Patterns ; Demand ; Drinking Water ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equivalent Variation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Income ; Industry ; Information ; Invest ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water and Industry ; Air Pollution ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Compensating Variation ; Consumption ; Consumption Patterns ; Demand ; Drinking Water ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equivalent Variation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Income ; Industry ; Information ; Invest ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water and Industry
    Abstract: Projects and reforms targeting infrastructure services can affect consumer welfare through changes in the price, coverage, or quality of the services provided. The benefits of improved service quality-while significant-are often overlooked because they are difficult to quantify. This paper reviews methods of evaluating the welfare implications of changes in the quality of infrastructure services within the broader theoretical perspective of welfare measurement. The study outlines the theoretical assumptions and data requirements involved, illustrating each method with examples that highlight common methodological features and differences. The paper also presents the theoretical underpinnings and potential applications of a new approach to analyzing the effects of interruptions in the supply of infrastructure services on household welfare
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Carletto, Calogero Non-Traditional Crops, Traditional Constraints
    Keywords: Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Crops ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Farmers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food production ; Incomes ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marketing ; Markets and Market Access ; Nutrition ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty alleviation ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Crops ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Farmers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food production ; Incomes ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marketing ; Markets and Market Access ; Nutrition ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty alleviation ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Crops ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Farmers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food production ; Incomes ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marketing ; Markets and Market Access ; Nutrition ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty alleviation ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: This paper uses a duration analysis based on adoption data spanning more than 25 years from six communities in the Central Highlands of Guatemala. The analysis explores how household characteristics and external trends play into both the adoption and diffusion processes of non-traditional exports among smallholders. Adoption was initially widespread and rapid, which led nontraditional exports to be hailed as a pro-poor success, reaching all but the smallest landholders. However, over time more than two-thirds of adopters eventually dropped out of production of nontraditional exports. Based on the analysis, production of nontraditional exports appears to have delivered less prosperity to adopters than initially promised. Although smallholders may be enticed into entering into nontraditional exports markets when conditions are favorable, they may lack the capacity to overcome the difficulties that inevitably arise in complex types of cultivations and in highly variable global agricultural markets. Governmental and non-governmental organizations can attempt to mitigate these difficulties, but market forces may overwhelm their efforts, with some adopters still unable to compete in global markets
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (54 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Domeland, Dorte Trade And Human Capital Accumulation
    Keywords: Capital Accumulation ; Comparative Advantage ; Cost ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home Country ; Human Capital ; International ; Labor Markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Capital Accumulation ; Comparative Advantage ; Cost ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home Country ; Human Capital ; International ; Labor Markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Capital Accumulation ; Comparative Advantage ; Cost ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home Country ; Human Capital ; International ; Labor Markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This study provides empirical evidence that trade increases on-the-job human capital accumulation by estimating the effect of home country openness on estimated returns to home country experience of U.S. immigrants. The positive effect of trade on on-the-job human capital accumulation remains significant when controlling for GDP, educational attainment, and institutional quality. It is not the result of self-selection, heterogeneity in returns to experience, English-speaking origin, or cultural background. The effect persists when restricting the sample to non-OECD countries, thereby resolving the theoretical ambiguity of whether trade increases or decreases learning-by-doing. The role of trade in generating economic growth is therefore likely to be more important than generally considered
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (45 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Rodriguez-Clare, Andres Innovation shortfalls
    Keywords: Allocation ; Debt Markets ; Discount rate ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Factors of production ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; GDP ; Human capital ; International trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Specialization ; Stock of capital ; Allocation ; Debt Markets ; Discount rate ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Factors of production ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; GDP ; Human capital ; International trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Specialization ; Stock of capital ; Allocation ; Debt Markets ; Discount rate ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Factors of production ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; GDP ; Human capital ; International trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Specialization ; Stock of capital
    Abstract: There is a common perception that low productivity or low growth is due to what can be called an "innovation shortfall," usually identified as a low rate of investment in research and development (R&D) when compared with some high innovation countries. The usual reaction to this perceived problem is to call for increases in R&D investment rates, usually specifying a target that can be as high as 3 percent of GDP. The problem with this analysis is that it fails to see that a low R&D investment rate may be appropriate given the economy's pattern of specialization, or may be just one manifestation of more general problems that impede accumulation of all kinds of capital. How can we know when a country suffers from an innovation shortfall above and beyond the ones that should be expected given the country's specialization and accumulation patterns? This is the question the authors tackle in this paper. First, they show a simple way to estimate the R&D gap that can be explained by a country's specialization pattern, illustrating it for the case of Chile. For this country they find that although its specialization in natural-resource-intensive sectors explains part of its R&D gap, a significant shortfall remains. Second, the authors show how a calibrated model can be used to determine the R&D gap that should be expected given a country's investment in physical and human capital. If the actual R&D gap is above this expected gap, then one can say that the country suffers from a true innovation shortfall
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (50 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Alm, James Designing Economic Instruments For The Environment In A Decentralized Fiscal System
    Keywords: Economic Analysis ; Economic Instruments ; Economics ; Economists ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Problems ; Externalities ; Pollution ; Pollution Control ; Economic Analysis ; Economic Instruments ; Economics ; Economists ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Problems ; Externalities ; Pollution ; Pollution Control ; Economic Analysis ; Economic Instruments ; Economics ; Economists ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Problems ; Externalities ; Pollution ; Pollution Control
    Abstract: When external effects are important, markets will be inefficient, and economists have considered several broad classes of economic instruments to correct these inefficiencies. However, the standard economic analysis has tended to neglect important distinctions and interactions between the geographic scope of pollutants, the enforcement authority of various levels of government, and the fiscal responsibilities of the levels of government. For example, externalities generated in a particular local area may be confined to the local area or may spill over to other jurisdictions. Also, local governments may be well informed about how best to regulate or enforce pollution control within their jurisdiction, but they may not consider the effects of their actions on other jurisdictions. Finally, the existence of locally-generated waste emissions affects the appropriate assignment of both expenditure and tax responsibilities among levels of government. The standard analysis therefore focuses mainly upon an aggregate (or national) perspective, it typically ignores the possibility that the externality may be created and addressed by local governments, and it does not consider the implications of decentralization for the design of economic instruments targeted at environmental problems. This paper examines the implications of decentralization for the design of corrective policies; that is, how does one design economic instruments in a decentralized fiscal system in which externalities exist at the local level and in which subnational governments have the power to provide local public services, as well as to choose tax instruments that can both finance these expenditures and correct the market failures of externalities?
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (47 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ural, Beyza P Indian Manufacturing
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic growth ; Economics ; Employment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Flexible labor markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor market ; Labor market flexibility ; Labor mobility ; Labor productivity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Productivity ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade liberalization ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic growth ; Economics ; Employment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Flexible labor markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor market ; Labor market flexibility ; Labor mobility ; Labor productivity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Productivity ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade liberalization ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic growth ; Economics ; Employment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Flexible labor markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor market ; Labor market flexibility ; Labor mobility ; Labor productivity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Productivity ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade liberalization
    Abstract: This paper investigates the determinants of productivity in Indian manufacturing industries during the period 1988-2000. Using two-digit industry level data for the Indian states, we find evidence of imperfect interindustry and interstate labor mobility as well as misallocation of resources across industries and states. Trade liberalization increases productivity in all industries across all states, and productivity is higher in the less protected industries. These effects of protection and trade liberalization are more pronounced in states that have relatively more flexible labor markets. Similar effects are also found in the case of employment, capital stock and investment. Furthermore, labor market flexibility, independent of other policies, has a positive effect on productivity. Importantly, per capita state development expenditure seems to be the strongest and the most robust predictor of productivity, employment, capital stock and investment. Industrial delicensing increases both labor productivity and employment but only in the states with flexible labor market institutions. Even after controlling for delicensing, the analysis shows that trade liberalization has a productivity-enhancing effect. Finally, trade liberalization benefits most the export-oriented industries located in states with flexible labor-market institutions
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (54 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Lecocq, Franck How Might Climate Change Affect Economic Growth In Developing Countries ?
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Economic Growth ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic development ; Economics ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equilibrium ; Forestry ; Greenhouse gases ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Resource allocation ; Returns to scale ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Economic Growth ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic development ; Economics ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equilibrium ; Forestry ; Greenhouse gases ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Resource allocation ; Returns to scale ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Economic Growth ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic development ; Economics ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equilibrium ; Forestry ; Greenhouse gases ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Resource allocation ; Returns to scale
    Abstract: This paper reviews the empirical and theoretical literature on economic growth to examine how the four components of the climate change bill, namely mitigation, proactive (ex ante) adaptation, reactive (ex post) adaptation, and ultimate damages of climate change affect growth, especially in developing countries. The authors consider successively the Cass-Koopmans growth model and three major strands of the subsequent literature on growth: with multiple sectors, with rigidities, and with increasing returns. The paper finds that although the growth literature rarely addresses climate change per se, some issues discussed in the growth literature are directly relevant for climate change analysis. Notably, destruction of production factors, or decrease in factor productivity may strongly affect long-run equilibrium growth even in one-sector neoclassical growth models; climatic shocks have had large impacts on growth in developing countries because of rigidities; and the introducing increasing returns has a major impact on growth dynamics, in particular through induced technical change, poverty traps, or lock-ins. Among the most important gaps identified in the literature are lack of understanding of the channels by which shocks affect economic growth, lack of understanding of lock-ins, heavy reliance of numerical models assessing climate policies on neoclassical-type growth frameworks, and frequent use of an inappropriate "without climate change" counterfactual
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (39 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Iimi, Atsushi Infrastructure And Trade Preferences For The Livestock Sector
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness ; Cred Demand ; Culture ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Middle Income Countries ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness ; Cred Demand ; Culture ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Middle Income Countries ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness ; Cred Demand ; Culture ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Middle Income Countries ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Abstract: Trade preferences are expected to facilitate global market integration and offer the potential for rapid economic growth and poverty reduction for developing countries. But those preferences do not always guarantee sustainable external competitiveness to beneficiary countries and may risk discouraging their efforts to improve underlying productivity. This paper examines the EU beef import market where several African countries have been granted preferential treatment. The estimation results suggest that profitability improvement achieved by countries under the Cotonou protocol compares unfavorably with the returns to nonbeneficiary countries in recent years. Rather, it shows that public infrastructure, such as paved roads, has an important role in lowering production costs and thus increasing external competitiveness and market shares
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Larson, Donald F Will Markets Direct Investments Under The Kyoto Protocol ?
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Emissions ; Energy ; Energy Production ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Greenhouse Effect ; Greenhouse Gases ; Incentives ; Information ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Joint Implementation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Sector Development ; Climate Change ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Emissions ; Energy ; Energy Production ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Greenhouse Effect ; Greenhouse Gases ; Incentives ; Information ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Joint Implementation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Sector Development ; Climate Change ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Emissions ; Energy ; Energy Production ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Greenhouse Effect ; Greenhouse Gases ; Incentives ; Information ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Joint Implementation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Under the Kyoto Protocol, countries can meet treaty obligations by investing in projects that reduce or sequester greenhouse gases elsewhere. Prior to ratification, treaty participants agreed to launch country-based pilot projects, referred to collectively as Activities Implemented Jointly (AIJ), to test novel aspects of the project-related provisions. Relying on a 10-year history of projects, the authors investigate the determinants of AIJ investment. Their findings suggest that national political objectives and possibly deeper cultural ties influenced project selection. This characterization differs from the market-based assumptions that underlie well-known estimates of cost-savings related to the Protocol's flexibility mechanisms. The authors conclude that if approaches developed under the AIJ programs to approve projects are retained, benefits from Kyoto's flexibility provisions will be less than those widely anticipated
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (43 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Angelsen, Arild Forest Cover Change In Space And Time
    Keywords: Common Property Resource Development ; Conceptual Framework ; Deforestation ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Empirical Evidence ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equilibrium ; Forest Management ; Forestry ; Forestry ; Forests and Forestry ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Common Property Resource Development ; Conceptual Framework ; Deforestation ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Empirical Evidence ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equilibrium ; Forest Management ; Forestry ; Forestry ; Forests and Forestry ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Common Property Resource Development ; Conceptual Framework ; Deforestation ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Empirical Evidence ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equilibrium ; Forest Management ; Forestry ; Forestry ; Forests and Forestry ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems
    Abstract: This paper presents a framework for analyzing tropical deforestation and reforestation using the von Thunen model as its starting point: land is allocated to the use which yields the highest rent, and the rents of various land uses are determined by location. Forest cover change therefore becomes a question of changes in rent of forest versus non-forest use. While this is a simple and powerful starting point, more intriguing issues arise when this is applied to analyze real cases. An initial shift in the rent of one particular land use generates feedbacks which affect the rent of all land uses. For example, a new technology in extensive agriculture should make this land use more profitable and lead to more forest clearing, but general equilibrium effects (changes in prices and local wages) can modify or even reverse this conclusion. Another issue is how a policy change or a shift in broader market, technological, and institutional forces will affect various land use rents. The paper deals with three such areas: technological progress in agriculture, land tenure regimes, and community forest management. The second part of the paper links the von Thunen framework to the forest transition theory. The forest transition theory describes a sequence over time where a forested region goes through a period of deforestation before the forest cover eventually stabilizes and starts to increase. This sequence can be seen as a systematic pattern of change in the agricultural and forest land rents over time. Increasing agricultural rent leads to high rates of deforestation. The slow-down of deforestation and eventual reforestation is due to lower agricultural rents (the economic development path) and higher forest rent (the forest scarcity path). Various forces leading to these changes are discussed and supported by empirical evidence from different tropical regions
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Parrachino, Irene Cooperative Game Theory and its Application to Natural, Environmental, and Water Resource Issues
    Keywords: Kooperatives Spiel ; Umweltökonomik ; Theorie ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Amenities ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Issues ; Environmental Problems ; Environmental Resources ; Equity ; Expectations ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Models ; Social Protections and Labor ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Amenities ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Issues ; Environmental Problems ; Environmental Resources ; Equity ; Expectations ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Models ; Social Protections and Labor ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Amenities ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Issues ; Environmental Problems ; Environmental Resources ; Equity ; Expectations ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Models ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Game theory provides useful insights into the way parties that share a scarce resource may plan their use of the resource under different situations. This review provides a brief and self-contained introduction to the theory of cooperative games. It can be used to get acquainted with the basics of cooperative games. Its goal is also to provide a basic introduction to this theory, in connection with a couple of surveys that analyze its use in the context of environmental problems and models. The main models (bargaining games, transfer utility, and non-transfer utility games) and issues and solutions are considered: bargaining solutions, single-value solutions like the Shapley value and the nucleolus, and multi-value solutions such as the core. The cooperative game theory (CGT) models that are reviewed in this paper favor solutions that include all possible players and ignore the strategic stages leading to coalition building. They focus on the possible results of the cooperation by answering questions such as: Which coalitions can be formed? And how can the coalitional gains be divided to secure a sustainable agreement? An important aspect associated with the solution concepts of CGT is the equitable and fair sharing of the cooperation gains
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (83 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Zara, Stefano Cooperative Game Theory and its Application to Natural, Environmental, and Water Resource Issues
    Keywords: Acid Rain ; Agriculture ; Biological Models ; Common Property Resource Development ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Issues ; Environmental Problems ; Environmental Resources ; Externalities ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fisheries ; Fisheries and Aquaculture ; Forest Management ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Oceans ; Rural Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Water Resources ; Acid Rain ; Agriculture ; Biological Models ; Common Property Resource Development ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Issues ; Environmental Problems ; Environmental Resources ; Externalities ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fisheries ; Fisheries and Aquaculture ; Forest Management ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Oceans ; Rural Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Water Resources ; Acid Rain ; Agriculture ; Biological Models ; Common Property Resource Development ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Issues ; Environmental Problems ; Environmental Resources ; Externalities ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fisheries ; Fisheries and Aquaculture ; Forest Management ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Oceans ; Rural Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Water Resources
    Abstract: This paper provides a review of various applications of cooperative game theory (CGT) to issues of natural and environmental resources. With an increase in the level of competition over environmental and natural resources, the incidents of disputes have been at the center of allocation agreements. The paper reviews the cases of common pool resources such as fisheries and forests, and cases of environmental pollution such as acid rain, flow, and stock pollution. In addition to providing examples of cooperative solutions to allocation problems, the conclusion from this review suggests that cooperation over scarce environmental and natural resources is possible under a variety of physical conditions and institutional arrangements. CGT applications to international fishery disputes are especially useful in that they have been making headway in policy-related agreements among states and regions of the world. Forest applications are more local in nature, but of great relevance in solving disputes among communities and various levels of governments
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (35 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Reducing Distortions To Agricultural Incentives
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Comparative Advantage ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Human Capital ; Import Barriers ; Incentives ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Protectionism ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Trade Policy ; Agribusiness ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Comparative Advantage ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Human Capital ; Import Barriers ; Incentives ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Protectionism ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Trade Policy ; Agribusiness ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Comparative Advantage ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Human Capital ; Import Barriers ; Incentives ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Protectionism ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: Most of the world's poorest people depend on farming for their livelihood. Earnings from farming in low-income countries are depressed partly due to a pro-urban bias in own-country policies, and partly because richer countries (including some developing countries) favor their farmers with import barriers and subsidies. Both sets of policies reduce national and global economic growth and add to inequality and poverty in developing countries. Acknowledgement of that since the 1980s has given rise to greater pressures for reform, both internal and external. Over the past two decades numerous developing country governments have reduced their sectoral and trade policy distortions, while many high-income countries continue with protectionist policies that harm developing country exports of farm products. Recent research suggests that the agricultural protectionist policies of high-income countries reduce welfare in many developing countries. Most of those studies also suggest that full global liberalization of merchandise trade would raise value added in agriculture in developing country regions, and that much of the benefit from global reform would come not just from reform in high-income countries but also from liberalization among developing countries, including in many cases own-country reform. These findings raise three key questions that are addressed in this paper: To what extent have the reforms of the past two decades succeeded in reducing distortions to agricultural incentives? Do current policy distortions still discriminate against farmers in low-income countries? And what are the prospects for further reform in the next decade or so?
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (55 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Carraro, Carlo Advances In Negotiation Theory
    Keywords: Bargaining ; Bargaining Power ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Effects ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equity ; Externalities ; Finance ; Game Theory ; Incentives ; Information ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Management ; Multiple Equilibrian ; Social Protections and Labor ; Bargaining ; Bargaining Power ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Effects ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equity ; Externalities ; Finance ; Game Theory ; Incentives ; Information ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Management ; Multiple Equilibrian ; Social Protections and Labor ; Bargaining ; Bargaining Power ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Effects ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equity ; Externalities ; Finance ; Game Theory ; Incentives ; Information ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Management ; Multiple Equilibrian ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Bargaining is ubiquitous in real life. It is a major dimension of political and business activities. It appears at the international level, when governments negotiate on matters ranging from economic issues (such as the removal of trade barriers), to global security (such as fighting against terrorism) to environmental and related issues (such as climate change control). What factors determine the outcomes of such negotiations? What strategies can help reach an agreement? How should the parties involved divide the gains from cooperation? With whom will one make alliances? The authors address these questions by focusing on a noncooperative approach to negotiations, which is particularly relevant for the study of international negotiations. By reviewing noncooperative bargaining theory, noncooperative coalition theory, and the theory of fair division, they try to identify the connections among these different facets of the same problem in an attempt to facilitate progress toward a unified framework
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Shleifer, Andrei The New Comparative Economics
    Keywords: Allocation ; Capital ; Capitalism ; Children and Youth ; Contract ; Debt Markets ; Democracy ; Dictatorship ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender ; Institutional Economics ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Products ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Political Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Protections and Labor ; Allocation ; Capital ; Capitalism ; Children and Youth ; Contract ; Debt Markets ; Democracy ; Dictatorship ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender ; Institutional Economics ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Products ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Political Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Protections and Labor ; Allocation ; Capital ; Capitalism ; Children and Youth ; Contract ; Debt Markets ; Democracy ; Dictatorship ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender ; Institutional Economics ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Products ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Political Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: In recent years, comparative economics experienced a revival, with a new focus on comparing capitalist economies. The theme of the new research is that institutions exert a profound influence on economic development. The authors argue that, to understand capitalist institutions, one needs to understand the basic tradeoff between the costs of disorder and those of dictatorship. They then apply this logic to study the structure of efficient institutions, the consequences of colonial transplantation, and the politics of institutional choice. This paper—a product of the Private Sector Advisory Department, Private Sector Development Vice Presidency—is part of a larger effort to understand institutional differences in the regulation of business
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Land Allocation in Vietnam's Agrarian Transition
    Keywords: Allocation ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Contract ; Cost ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Forestry ; Historical Context ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use and Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Municipal Housing ; Political Economy ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Variation ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing ; Allocation ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Contract ; Cost ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Forestry ; Historical Context ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use and Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Municipal Housing ; Political Economy ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Variation ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing ; Allocation ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Contract ; Cost ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Forestry ; Historical Context ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use and Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Municipal Housing ; Political Economy ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Variation ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing
    Abstract: While liberalizing key factor markets is a crucial step in the transition from a socialist control-economy to a market economy, the process can be stalled by imperfect information, high transaction costs, and covert resistance from entrenched interests. Ravallion and van de Walle study land-market adjustment in the wake of Vietnam's reforms aiming to establish a free market in land-use rights following de-collectivization. Inefficiencies in the initial administrative allocation are measured against an explicit counterfactual market solution. The authors' tests using a farm-household panel data set spanning the reforms suggest that land allocation responded positively but slowly to the inefficiencies of the administrative allocation. They find no sign that the transition favored the land rich or that it was thwarted by the continuing power over land held by local officials. This paper—a joint product of the Poverty Team and the Public Services Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the welfare impacts of major policy reforms
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Hoekman, Bernard Multilateral Disciplines for Investment-Related Policies
    Keywords: Costs ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Expectations ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Incentives ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Multilateral Trade ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Payments ; Positive Externalities ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Risk Averse ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subsidy ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transactions Costs ; Value ; Value Added ; WTO ; Welfare ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Expectations ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Incentives ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Multilateral Trade ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Payments ; Positive Externalities ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Risk Averse ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subsidy ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transactions Costs ; Value ; Value Added ; WTO ; Welfare
    Abstract: June 1999 - Is there a strong case for developing countries to support the creation of a multilateral agreement on investment? Probably not. Existing agreements offer ample scope for liberalizing foreign direct investment in the area that matters most to developing countries: services. Hoekman and Saggi evaluate the potential benefits of international disciplines on policies toward foreign direct investment for developing countries. They conclude that the case for initiating negotiations on investment policies is weak, at present. Negotiating efforts that center on further liberalizing market access on a nondiscriminatory basis-especially for services-are likely to be more fruitful in terms of economic welfare and growth. Existing multilateral instruments, although imperfect, are far from fully exploited and provide significant opportunities for governments opening further access to markets. Hoekman and Saggi conclude that priority should be given to expanding coverage of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) before seeking to negotiate general disciplines on investment policies. This paper-a product of Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to prepare for the next round of WTO negotiations. The authors may be contacted at bhoekmanworldbank.org or ksaggi @mail.smu.edu
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (50 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Eskel, S. Gunnar Externalities and Production Efficiency
    Keywords: Commodity Taxes ; Economic Welfare ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Emission Standards ; Emission Tax ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Protection ; Externalities ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Costs ; Polluters ; Pollution ; Pollution Abatement ; Pollution Management and Control ; Production ; Revenue ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Taxes ; Commodity Taxes ; Economic Welfare ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Emission Standards ; Emission Tax ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Protection ; Externalities ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Costs ; Polluters ; Pollution ; Pollution Abatement ; Pollution Management and Control ; Production ; Revenue ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Taxes
    Abstract: April 2000 - Environmental improvements should be sought from different polluters (public or private, producer or consumer, rich or poor) at the same cost, regardless of the nature of the polluting activity. Under a plausible structure of monitoring costs, emissions standards play a central role. Eskeland brings together two of government's primary challenges: environmental protection and taxation to generate revenues. If negative externalities can be reduced not only by changes in consumption patterns but also by making each activity cleaner (abatement efforts), how shall inducements to various approaches be combined? If negative externalities are caused by agents as different as consumers, producers, and government, how does optimal policy combine inducements to reduce pollution? Intuitively it seems right to tax emissions neutrally, based on marginal damages - no matter which activity pollutes or whether the polluter is rich or poor, consumer or producer, private or public. Eskeland provides a theoretical basis for such simplicity. Three assumptions are critical to his analysis: · Returns to scale do not influence the traditional problem of revenue generation. · Consumers have equal access to pollution abatement opportunities (but he also relaxes this assumption). · Planners can differentiate policy instruments (emission taxes or abatement standards) by polluting good, and by whether the polluter is a consumer, producer, or government, but they cannot differentiate such instruments (or commodity taxes) by personal characteristics or make them nonlinear in individual emissions. Among Eskeland's findings and conclusions: Abatement efforts and consumption adjustments at all stages are optimally stimulated by a uniform emission tax levied simply where emissions occur. It simplifies things that optimal abatement is independent of whether the car is used by government, firms, or households - for weddings or for work. It also simplifies implementation that the stimulus to abatement at one stage (say, the factory) is independent of whether it yields emission reductions from the factory or from others (say, from car owners who buy the factory's products). Finally, ministers of finance and of the environment should coordinate efforts, but they need not engage in each other's business. The minister of environment need not know which commodities are elastic in demand and thus would bear a low commodity tax. The finance minister need not know which commodities or agents pollute or who pays emission taxes. This paper - a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to establish principles for public intervention. The author may be contacted at geskelandworldbank.org
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Kennedy, W. Peter Environmental Policy and Time Consistency
    Keywords: Aggregate Emissions ; Damage Function ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Emission Standards ; Emission Taxes ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Policy ; Forest Management ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Incentives ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Policies ; Policy Instruments ; Pollution ; Pollution Control ; Pollution Management and Control ; Pollution Reduction ; Production ; Technological Change ; Technology ; Technology Adoption ; Technology Industry ; Aggregate Emissions ; Damage Function ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Emission Standards ; Emission Taxes ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Policy ; Forest Management ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Incentives ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Policies ; Policy Instruments ; Pollution ; Pollution Control ; Pollution Management and Control ; Pollution Reduction ; Production ; Technological Change ; Technology ; Technology Adoption ; Technology Industry
    Abstract: May 2000 - As instruments for controlling pollution, how do emissions taxes and emissions trading compare in terms of the incentives they create to adopt cleaner technologies? Emissions taxes may have a slight advantage over emissions trading. Kennedy and Laplante examine policy problems related to the use of emissions taxes and emissions trading, two market-based instruments for controlling pollution by getting regulated firms to adopt cleaner technologies. By attaching an explicit price to emissions, these instruments give firms an incentive to continually reduce their volume of emissions. Command-and-control emissions standards create incentives to adopt cleaner technologies only up to the point where the standards are no longer binding (at which point the shadow price on emissions falls to zero). But the ongoing incentives created by market-based instruments are not necessarily right, either. Time-consistency constraints on the setting of these instruments limit the regulator's ability to set policies that lead to efficiency in adopting technology options. After examining the time-consistency properties of a Pigouvian emissions tax and of emissions trading, Kennedy and Laplante find that: · If damage is linear, efficiency in adopting technologies involves either universal adoption of the new technology or universal retention of the old technology, depending on the cost of adoption. The first-best tax policy and the first-best permit-supply policy are both time-consistent under these conditions. · If damage is strictly convex, efficiency may require partial adoption of the new technology. In this case, the first-best tax policy is not time-consistent and the tax rate must be adjusted after adoption has taken place (ratcheting). Ratcheting will induce an efficient equilibrium if there is a very large number of firms. If there are relatively few firms, ratcheting creates too many incentives to adopt the new technology. · The first-best supply policy is time-consistent if there is a very large number of firms. If there are relatively few firms, the first-best supply policy may not be time-consistent, and the regulator must ratchet the supply of permits. With this policy, there are not enough incentives for firms to adopt the new technology. The results do not strongly favor one policy instrument over the other, but if the point of an emissions trading program is to increase technological efficiency, it is necessary to continually adjust the supply of permits in response to technological change, even when damage is linear. This continual adjustment is not needed for an emissions tax when damage is linear, which may give emissions taxes an advantage over emissions trading. This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the economics of pollution control. Copies of the paper are available free from the World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433. Benoît Laplante may be contacted at blaplanteworldbank.org
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (22 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dasgupta, Susmita Opportunities for Improving Environmental Compliance in Mexico
    Keywords: Economics ; Economies ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Information ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Performance ; Environmental Quality ; Environmental Regulations ; Information ; Metals ; Monitoring ; Options ; Policy Makers ; Polluters ; Pollution ; Pollution Control ; Regulation ; Regulations ; Technology ; Economics ; Economies ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Information ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Performance ; Environmental Quality ; Environmental Regulations ; Information ; Metals ; Monitoring ; Options ; Policy Makers ; Polluters ; Pollution ; Pollution Control ; Regulation ; Regulations ; Technology
    Abstract: One of the main reasons for noncompliant firms' poor environmental performance is the information gap on Mexico's environmental policy. Pollution control could be improved through systematically fuller communication targeted to noncompliant firms - including more environmental education, especially of senior managers. - Survey evidence from Mexico reveals large observed differences in pollution from factories in the same industry, or the same area, or operating under the same regulatory regime. Many factories have adopted significant measures for pollution control and are in compliance with environmental regulations, but some have made little or no such effort. For lack of data, systematic research on the reasons behind such variations in plant-level environmental performance (especially on how impediments to pollution control affect plant behavior) is rare, even in industrial societies. Drawing on a recent plant-level survey of Mexican factories, Dasgupta identifies a number of performance variables characteristic of compliant and noncompliant plants, as well as factors that non-compliant plants perceive to be obstacles to pollution control. Noncompliant firms made less effort than compliant firms to change materials used, to change production processes, or to install end-of-pipe treatment equipment. They had significantly fewer programs to train their general workers in environmental responsibilities. They lagged behind in environmental training, waste management, and transportation training. They received less technical training, especially about the environment, environmental policy and administration, and clean technology and audits. Responses about obstacles to better environmental performance included scarcity of training resources, government bureaucracy, high interest rates, and Mexico's lack of an environmental protection culture. Respondents said that senior managers did not emphasize the environment, assigned more priority to economic considerations, and were not trained in the subject. There were too few suitable programs, training was not recognized, and workers were not interested in the subject. Most important, however, little information was available about Mexico's environmental policy. These findings suggest the importance of technical assistance - especially training and information. In Mexico, the information gap on policy is a major problem. Mexican environmental agencies should invest more in technical assistance and environmental training targeted to noncompliant enterprises. Environmental education, especially of senior managers, could significantly improve pollution control. Maintaining close contact with noncompliant firms, designing programs targeted to them, and pursuing them systemically should increase their responsiveness to regulations. This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the determinants of environmental performance in developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project The Economics of Industrial Pollution Control in Developing Countries (RPO 680-20). The author may be contacted at sdasguptaworldbank.org
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Hoekman, Bernard Developing Country Agriculture and the New Trade Agenda
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agricultural Production ; Agricultural Protection ; Agriculture ; Competition ; Debt Markets ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Regulations ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Resources ; Rural Communities ; Social Protections and Labor ; Standards ; Subsidies ; Tariffs ; Taxation ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Welfare Gains ; World Trade Organization ; Agribusiness ; Agricultural Production ; Agricultural Protection ; Agriculture ; Competition ; Debt Markets ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Regulations ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Resources ; Rural Communities ; Social Protections and Labor ; Standards ; Subsidies ; Tariffs ; Taxation ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Welfare Gains ; World Trade Organization
    Abstract: May 1999 - In the new round of World Trade Organization talks expected in late 1999, negotiations about access to agricultural and services markets should be given top priority, but new trade agenda issues should also be discussed. Including new trade agenda issues would increase market discipline's role in the allocation of resources in agriculture and would encourage nonagricultural groups with interests in the new issues to take part in the round, counterbalancing forces favoring agricultural protection. A new round of World Trade Organization negotiations on agriculture, services, and perhaps other issues is expected in late 1999. To what extent should those negotiations include new trade agenda items aimed at ensuring that domestic regulatory policies do not discriminate against foreign suppliers? Hoekman and Anderson argue that negotiations about market access should be given priority, as the potential welfare gains from liberalizing access to agricultural (and services) markets are still huge, but new issues should be included too. Including new trade agenda issues would increase the role of market discipline in the allocation of resources in agriculture and would encourage nonagricultural groups with interests in the new issues to take part in the round, counterbalancing forces in favor of agricultural protection. They also argue, however, that rule-making efforts to accommodate the new issues should be de-linked from negotiations about access to agricultural markets, because the issues affect activity in all sectors. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze options and priorities for developing countries in the run-up to a new round of WTO negotiations. Bernard Hoekman may be contacted at bhoekmanworldbank.org or kanderson@economics.adelaide.edu.au
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (72 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Alcázar, Lorena The Buenos Aires Water Concession
    Keywords: Debt Markets ; Decision Making ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Incentives ; Income ; Industry ; Information ; Information Asymmetries ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Interest ; Investment ; Marginal Cost ; Outcomes ; Perverse Incentives ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Regulation ; Revenues ; Supply ; Taking ; Tariffs ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water and Industry ; Welfare Effects ; Debt Markets ; Decision Making ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Incentives ; Income ; Industry ; Information ; Information Asymmetries ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Interest ; Investment ; Marginal Cost ; Outcomes ; Perverse Incentives ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Regulation ; Revenues ; Supply ; Taking ; Tariffs ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water and Industry ; Welfare Effects
    Abstract: April 2000 - Transparent, rule-based decisionmaking is important to maintaining public trust in regulated infrastructure. The Buenos Aires water and sanitation concession led to remarkable improvements in delivery and coverage of services and to lower prices for consumers. But a poor information base, lack of transparency in regulatory decisions, and the ad hoc nature of executive branch interventions make it difficult to reassure consumers that their welfare is being protected and that the concession is sustainable. The signing of a concession contract for the Buenos Aires water and sanitation system in December 1992 attracted worldwide attention and caused considerable controversy in Argentina. It was one of the world's largest concessions, but the case was also interesting for other reasons. The concession was implemented rapidly, in contrast with slow implementation of privatization in Santiago, for example. And reform generated major improvements in the sector, including wider coverage, better service, more efficient company operations, and reduced waste. Moreover, the winning bid brought an immediate 26.9 percent reduction in water system tariffs. Consumers benefited from the system's expansion and from the immediate drop in real prices, which was only partly reversed by subsequent changes in tariffs and access charges. And these improvements would probably not have occurred under public administration of the system. Still, as Alcázar, Abdala, and Shirley show, information asymmetries, perverse incentives, and weak regulatory institutions could threaten the concession's sustainability. Opportunities for the company to act opportunistically - and the regulator, arbitrarily - exist because of politicized regulation, a poor information base, serious flaws in the concession contract, a lumpy and ad hoc tariff system, and a general lack of transparency in the regulatory process. Because of these circumstances, public confidence in the process has eroded. The Buenos Aires concession shows how important transparent, rule-based decisionmaking is to maintaining public trust in regulated infrastructure. This paper - a product of Regulation and Competition Policy, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze institutional issues in regulated infrastructure. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Institutions, Politics, and Contracts: Private Sector Participation in Urban Water Supply (RPO 681-87). Mary Shirley may be contacted at mshirleyworldbank.org
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