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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (3,197)
  • GBV  (9)
  • Ethnoguide
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3,197)
  • Education  (2,577)
  • Agriculture and Food  (628)
  • Sociology
Datasource
  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (3,197)
  • GBV  (9)
  • Ethnoguide
  • BSZ  (9)
  • KOBV  (9)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transforming education in Indonesia : Examining the landscape of current reforms (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.88
    Keywords: Bildungsreform ; Indonesien ; Education ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This policy perspective examines Indonesia’s Merdeka Belajar (“Emancipated Learning”) initiative, a comprehensive education reform agenda initiated in 2019. The primary objective of this reform is to enhance learning outcomes, make schooling a more joyful experience, and empower students and school communities. The new "Emancipation Curriculum" emphasises foundational competencies and 21st-century skills and adopts holistic, formative assessment methods. It streamlines content and introduces innovative teaching methods, while increasing teachers' flexibility and autonomy in schools. It also instigates a new model of teacher professional learning. This document contextualises these initiatives within the international education landscape. It offers perspectives on what could help Indonesia ensure the success of these reforms, potentially reshaping the country’s educational future and contributing to its development and prosperity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9ff8d407-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The right conditions: Systemic enablers for a culture of research engagement in education (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Spotlights no.9
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Research evidence in education serves as a compass, directing stakeholders towards informed choices that drive educational progress, enhance teaching methodologies, address inequities and support resource optimisation. Overcoming the challenges of harnessing research evidence in education by policy makers and practitioners involves fostering a culture of research engagement. This Education Spotlight draws on an international Policy Survey conducted with Ministries of Education from 37 education systems, and other evidence from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation publication Who Really Cares About Using Education Research in Policy and Practice? Developing a Culture of Research Engagement (OECD, 2023[1]) and beyond to explore the following questions: • Which systemic conditions, such as resources, infrastructures, and leadership, matter for the development (or transformation) of an organisational and system-level culture of research engagement? How do these conditions relate to one another? • How can these conditions be developed to best support education research engagement from the system level? This Spotlight reflects on the elements at the system level that are crucial for establishing such a culture for policy makers and practitioners. It does so with the understanding that complex systems require thinking strategically and employing systems approaches to knowledge mobilisation, alongside the more commonly used linear models of disseminating evidence or relational ones focusing on partnerships and networks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9f3596de-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Collective action for responsible AI in health (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.10
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesundheitswesen ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence will have profound impacts across health systems, transforming health care, public health, and research. Responsible AI can accelerate efforts toward health systems being more resilient, sustainable, equitable, and person-centred. This paper provides an overview of the background and current state of artificial intelligence in health, perspectives on opportunities, risks, and barriers to success. The paper proposes several areas to be explored for policy makers to advance the future of responsible AI in health that is adaptable to change, respects individuals, champions equity, and achieves better health outcomes for all. The areas to be explored relate to trust, capacity building, evaluation, and collaboration. This recognises that the primary forces that are needed to unlock the value from artificial intelligence are people-based and not technical. The OECD is ready to support efforts for co-operative learning and collective action to advance the use of responsible AI in health.
    DOI: 10.1787/f2050177-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Supporting early childhood education and care staff in the beginning of their careers (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.89
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) staff are central to promoting young children’s development, learning and well-being. Novice staff, defined as staff with up to three years of experience, account for 27% of staff in TALIS Starting Strong 2018. Novice staff are generally less educated than experienced staff in terms of the level of educational attainment and education or training with a focus specifically on working with children. More novice staff than experienced staff report a strong need for additional professional development in several areas, including “classroom/playgroup/group management” and “working with parents or families”. Policy approaches to support novice staff in ECEC can include ensuring that initial education prepares novice staff for their jobs by providing relevant knowledge specifically on working with children, supporting novice staff to engage in ongoing professional development, and clarifying how novice staff can progress professionally.
    DOI: 10.1787/a6be52bd-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stress professionnel chez les enseignants : Que nous apprennent les données TALIS ? (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: L'enseignement à la loupe no.46
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Unravelling the layers of teachers’ work-related stress
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: À l’heure où nombre de pays s’efforcent de renforcer l’attrait de la profession enseignante, il apparaît donc essentiel de mieux comprendre les sources de stress dans ce métier. C’est dans cette optique que ce numéro se propose d’étudier les données de l’édition 2018 de l’enquête TALIS sur les enseignants du premier cycle du secondaire afin de déterminer si les sources de stress des enseignants varient en fonction du milieu socio-économique de leurs élèves. Il examine en outre les facteurs de stress les plus susceptibles d’être associés au niveau de satisfaction professionnelle des enseignants et à leur intention de rester dans la profession.
    DOI: 10.1787/9c19d674-fr
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Review of G7 Government-led Voluntary and Mandatory Due Diligence Measures for Sustainable Agri-food Supply Chains (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264967441 , 9789264912816 , 9789264946699
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Ernährungsindustrie ; Due Diligence ; Lieferkette ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; G7-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This report aims to provide G7 agricultural policy makers with insights to better understand the design, objectives and mechanisms of national and regional, voluntary and mandatory due diligence-related measures. The report creates a fact-based selective inventory for policy makers to identify common elements across the measures with a view to strengthening, where possible, coherence of G7 policy responses to promote responsible business conduct in agricultural supply chains. The inventory also aims to help companies understand different national and regional standards by highlighting synergies and, where applicable discrepancies, to enable and support effective implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/f05af4a1-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Breaking the Vicious Circles of Informal Employment and Low-Paying Work (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264700079 , 9789264352063 , 9789264592322
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Informelle Wirtschaft ; Niedriglohn ; Schwarzarbeit ; Qualifikation ; Soziale Mobilität ; Education ; Economics ; Development
    Abstract: This report adds two perspectives on informality. First, it disassembles the mechanics of the deleterious links between informal employment, low-paying work and low skills. It shows that informal employment is highly persistent, and that the vulnerability of informal workers is passed on to their children in the absence of adequate education, skills and social protection policy. Second, the report underscores the double burden of informality and low-paying work that a large share of workers in developing and emerging economies carry, and as such calls for policy solutions that go beyond the formalisation agenda and embrace the goal of social justice.
    DOI: 10.1787/f95c5a74-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How do public and private schools differ in OECD countries? (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.84
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Private schools cater for around 1 in 5 students from pre-primary to the end of secondary education, a share that has not changed materially since 2015. They enjoy greater autonomy, suffer fewer shortages of all kinds and handled the COVID-19 pandemic better than public schools. Although their students achieved better results in PISA 2022 in many countries, this is mainly because they enrol more students from advantaged socio-economic backgrounds than their public counterparts. The main challenge in many countries today is to increase the social mix in public and private schools, which is why many efforts have been made in this direction over the past decade.
    DOI: 10.1787/90348307-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Parental emotional support and adolescent well-being : A cross-national examination of socio-economic and gender gaps based on PISA 2018 surveys (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.20
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Parental emotional support, alongside material and temporal support, is an important determinant of children's subjective well-being and academic success. However, not all children benefit from the same level of parental support, and there are major differences depending on families' socio-economic status and child gender. Using the PISA 2018 surveys, this paper examines differences in parental support reported by 15-year-olds both within countries according to social status and between girls and boys, and between countries. We show that differences in parental emotional support by parents' education level and child gender are substantial. Some of these differences are (largely) explained by other characteristics such as family wealth, country of origin, and school urbanicity and private/public status. Greater parental emotional support is also found to be associated with higher PISA test scores and greater subjective wellbeing, with little variation by parental education. On the whole, our findings suggest that a significant enhancement in parental support and related child outcomes, especially in countries with lower average levels of parental emotional support, can be attained through a combined effort on several fronts: by addressing monetary and material poverty within families, by facilitating parents in balancing work and taking care of their children, by promoting greater parental involvement in their children's school life, and by offering appropriate services to assist families with special needs and facing greater challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b7a2ac6-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Europe : Insights from France, Germany and Poland (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264478763 , 9789264872738 , 9789264489943
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Datensicherheit ; Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; IT-Kriminalität ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Polen ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; France ; Germany ; Poland
    Abstract: In an increasingly digital world, the significance of cyber security for individuals, businesses, and governments has never been greater. Rising cyber attacks are challenging current defence and operational capabilities, highlighting a critical shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the demand for cyber security expertise by analysing online job postings in France, Germany and Poland in between 2018 and 2023. It examines trends in the demand for cyber security professionals, the geographical distribution of job opportunities, and the changing skill requirements in this field. Focusing on France, the report also explores cyber security education and training programmes, the characteristics of the programmes, the demographics of enrolled learners, and their outcomes. Additionally, it reviews French policies and initiatives aimed at broadening the cyber security workforce and enhancing educational opportunities in this field. This comprehensive analysis is part of a larger effort to understand the evolving landscape of cyber security policies and professional experiences worldwide.
    DOI: 10.1787/3673cd60-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sanitary and phytosanitary approval procedures : Key issues, their impact on trade, and ways to address them (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.192
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Abstract: Approval procedures are critical to sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) systems as they uphold countries’ commitments to facilitate safe trade. However, they can create significant costs and act as non-tariff barriers if not properly administered. This report examines the costs and opportunities that are associated with seven of the most pressing issues related to the administration of approval procedures. The analysis reveals that countries have increasingly raised specific trade concerns (STCs) to the WTO about issues related to approval procedures. Furthermore, gravity analysis demonstrates that trading partners dealing with STCs related to approval procedures trade 26% less on average than those not dealing with any STC. An OECD survey specifically designed to evaluate how issues related to approval procedures can be addressed indicates that multiple solutions exist to enhance efficiencies in agro-food trade, such as digitalizing SPS systems, relying on international standards or simplifying SPS measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/35c3fd16-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Education policy outlook in Australia (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.67
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Bildungswesen ; Australien ; Education ; Australia
    Abstract: This country policy profile on education in Australia is part of the Education Policy Outlook series. Building on the first policy profile for Australia (2013), it offers a concise analysis of where the education system stands today and how this compares to other systems. The profile analyses the evolution of ongoing and emerging related policy efforts in Australia, including education responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also offers relevant international policy examples that may serve as possible inspiration as policy makers work to address Australia's key challenges and priorities. The report brings together over a decade's worth of policy analysis by the Education Policy Outlook, as well as recent OECD data, relevant thematic and country-specific work, and other international and national evidence. It also benefits from the Education Policy Outlook's ongoing comparative analysis of resilience and responsiveness in education policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/ce7a0965-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Where to find experienced teachers? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.45
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The importance of experienced teachers cannot be underestimated. They can help raise the performance of students and improve the overall quality of schooling by supporting less-experienced colleagues. This Teaching in Focus: Where to find experienced teachers? analyses the distribution of teachers across schools from two different but complementary angles: equality and equity.
    DOI: 10.1787/d948a889-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AI scoring for international large-scale assessments using a deep learning model and multilingual data (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.287
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) scoring for constructed-response items, using recent advancements in multilingual, deep learning techniques utilising models pre-trained with a massive multilingual text corpus, is examined using international large-scale assessment data. Historical student responses to Reading and Science literacy cognitive items developed under the PISA analytical framework are used as training data for deep learning together with multilingual data to construct an AI model. The trained AI models are then used to score and the results compared with human-scored data. The score distributions estimated based on the AI-scored data and the human-scored data are highly consistent with each other; furthermore, even item-level psychometric properties of the majority of items showed high levels of agreement, although a few items showed discrepancies. This study demonstrates a practical procedure for using a multilingual data approach, and this new AI-scoring methodology reached a practical level of quality, even in the context of an international large-scale assessment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9918e1fb-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Labour and skills shortages in the agro-food sector (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.189
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Labour and skills shortages are a major concern in the agro-food sector across OECD countries. This challenge is compounded by the relatively small, and declining, contribution of agriculture to GDP, and the negative public perception of the sector with relatively low wages and limited career prospects. This paper reviews policies that have the potential to address labour and skills shortages in the agro-food sector including labour market, education and training, social protection policies, immigration, as well as agricultural specific policies. Many of the policy levers used to address the agro-food labour challenge lie outside the sector and involve finding the right policy mix that tends to be country specific. Furthermore, some issues can be addressed by closer public and private collaboration such as improving working conditions, increasing investment in agricultural education and training of young entrants to the sector. Greater attention also needs to be given to improving the image of agriculture as a career choice, promoting a more diverse workforce, improving the alignment of skills to the needs of the sector, promoting continuous learning, and strengthening national advisory services.
    DOI: 10.1787/ed758aab-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ensuring Quality Digital Higher Education in Hungary (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264421868 , 9789264786059 , 9789264690561
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Keywords: Studium ; Hochschulpolitik ; Digitalisierung ; Ungarn ; Education ; Hungary
    Abstract: The emergence of fully online, hybrid and blended forms of higher education has led governments, quality assurance agencies and higher education institutions (HEIs) across the OECD to reflect on how to ensure that digital education provides learners with opportunities to reach learning and employment outcomes similar to those achieved through traditional in person instruction. Building on stakeholder engagement and comparative analysis, this report offers an assessment of Hungary’s quality assurance system for higher education and, more specifically, its strengths and weaknesses for assuring the quality of digital higher education. It offers recommendations and policy options to support the ongoing reform of Hungary’s higher education accreditation system as well as a list of potential digital education indicators to be integrated in the assessment frameworks used by the Hungarian Accreditation Committee (MAB) for the accreditation of higher education institutions.
    DOI: 10.1787/5f44fd6f-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    What systematic connections should we have around schools to support the work of teachers? : Global lessons and the potential of ambition loops (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.296
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Co-constructing a long-term sustainable vision on the future of teaching is a policy priority for many countries as society rapidly changes. There is a need to create space in the teacher debate to look forward for inspiration and to learn from contemporary change in other professions, such as the concept of “connective professionalism”. There is also a paradox to navigate. On the one hand, the idea of change can be daunting. This leads to people seeking comfort in the known. On the other hand, the status quo is unlikely to provide the solutions required for a prosperous and sustainable future for the teaching profession. In this paper, we introduce an Ambition loops tool to create preferred future scenarios that can support the work of teachers, add to the prosperity for students and communities, and support transformation of education to meet contemporary challenges while focusing on current needs. The framework has an iterative design and outlines ambitions relevant to all stakeholders in the school-community, education community and broader societal sectors. The current framework statements have been distilled from a review of the research as well as engagement with experts and practitioners.
    DOI: 10.1787/77de597c-en
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  • 18
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    Online Resource
    Équité et inclusion dans l'éducation (version abrégée) : La diversité fait la force (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264766358 , 9789264968202 , 9789264782792
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Equity and Inclusion in Education: Finding Strength through Diversity
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les gouvernements et les décideurs en matière d'éducation sont de plus en plus préoccupés par l'équité et l'inclusion dans l'éducation en raison de plusieurs tendances mondiales majeures telles que les changements démographiques, les crises de migration et de réfugiés, l'augmentation des inégalités et le changement climatique. Ces évolutions ont contribué à accroître la diversité au sein des populations nationales et ont suscité des inquiétudes quant à la capacité des systèmes éducatifs à être équitables et inclusifs pour tous les élèves. Ce rapport du projet "La diversité fait la force" examine comment les systèmes éducatifs peuvent répondre à l'augmentation de la diversité et favoriser une plus grande équité et inclusion dans l'éducation. Basé sur un cadre holistique d'étude de la diversité, de l'équité et de l'inclusion dans l'éducation, le rapport examine cinq domaines politiques clés (à savoir la gouvernance, les ressources, le renforcement des capacités, les interventions au niveau des écoles, et le suivi et l'évaluation), fournit des exemples de politiques et de pratiques, et offre des conseils politiques sur la promotion de systèmes éducatifs plus équitables et plus inclusifs.
    DOI: 10.1787/e9be59d0-fr
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  • 19
    Online Resource
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    La géographie de l'enseignement supérieur au Québec, Canada (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264901728 , 9789264337640 , 9789264823945
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les compétences
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Geography of Higher Education in Québec, Canada
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: Le Québec aspire à devenir le leader de l'innovation et de l'entrepreneuriat en Amérique du Nord et, pour cela, s'appuie sur les établissements d'enseignement supérieur (EES) qui ont un rôle central dans cette démarche. Les EES permettent le développement des compétences et l'épanouissement des talents, tout en créant de nouveaux liens avec leurs communautés - notamment avec le secteur privé, les pouvoirs publics et la société civile. La Stratégie québécoise de recherche et d’investissement en innovation (SQRI) place les EES au cœur des efforts provinciaux réalisés en matière d'innovation et d'entrepreneuriat, grâce notamment à une approche spatiale explicite à travers les "zones d'innovation". La présente étude évalue la "géographie de l'enseignement supérieur" au Québec à travers dix études de cas d'EES innovants et engagés dans le soutien à l'entrepreneuriat et à l'innovation dans leurs communautés. L’analyse montre aussi dans quelle mesure les EES québécois soutiennent l’entrepreneuriat, l'innovation, la mise en relation entre acteurs, ainsi que la mobilisation de ressources et d'acteurs politiques. Des recommandations politiques implémentables sont proposées afin de continuer à développer cette dynamique.
    DOI: 10.1787/41aede9c-fr
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  • 20
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    Pursuing higher environmental goals for agriculture in an interconnected world : Climate change and pesticides (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.193
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Governments in many countries are pursuing higher environmental goals for agriculture. However, in an interconnected world, the unilateral adoption of environmental policies for agriculture can reduce the producers’ competitiveness and induce pollution leakage. This report analyses these challenges and discusses policy solutions, focusing on two examples: climate change mitigation policies and policies limiting the environmental impacts of pesticides. The extent of competitiveness and leakage effects is found to depend on market conditions, differences in pollution intensity, and the type of environmental policy adopted. Two policy routes are identified to improve agriculture’s environmental performance while maintaining the benefits of global markets. The first route relies on “direct” environmental policies, such as market-based instruments or regulations, which are rapidly effective in limiting environmental impacts but may require additional complementary policies to limit their potential competitiveness and leakage impacts. The second route involves alternative policies acting on agricultural supply, demand, or through private sector engagement, which limit competitiveness and leakage impacts but may require time to be environmentally effective.
    DOI: 10.1787/99d917ab-en
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  • 21
    Online Resource
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    Translation and adaptation processes in TALIS 2018 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.290
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The international instruments of the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) require national adaptations and translation before data collection processes begin. This paper provides an assessment of the processes used in TALIS 2018, based on an analysis of the documentation available, as well as countries’ descriptions of the processes and challenges undergone during that cycle. The author starts by identifying several positive aspects, highlighting the work of the international contractor, the national centres and national project managers but also suggests areas for improvement. Finally, the paper looks at the new translatability assessment in the current cycle (TALIS 2024) and how it could be even more effective, as well as recommending a series of proposals that could support adaptation and translation processes in future cycles.
    DOI: 10.1787/6e72eea4-en
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    Engaging young citizens : Civic education practices in the classroom and beyond (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.65
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Many OECD countries have implemented programmes and policies specifically targeting the development of civic skills and values in schools. Some of the most successful practices steer away from knowledge-transfer-based learning, and towards experiential learning practices which empower children by placing them in the centre of the learning process. The benefits of experience-based learning programmes also have the potential to reach beyond the classroom walls, allowing schools and students to create and strengthen relationships with the communities around them.
    DOI: 10.1787/2166378c-en
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    The uses of process data in large-scale educational assessments (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.286
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The digital transition in educational testing has introduced many new opportunities for technology to enhance large-scale assessments. These include the potential to collect and use log data on test-taker response processes routinely, and on a large scale. Process data has long been recognised as a valuable source of validation evidence in assessments. However, it is now being used for multiple purposes across the assessment cycle. Process data is being deliberately captured and used in large-scale, standardized assessments – moving from viewing it as a "by-product" of digital assessment, to its use "by design" to extend understanding of test-taker performance and engagement. While these techniques offer significant benefits, they also require appropriate validation practices to ensure that their use supports reliable inferences and do not introduce unintended negative consequences.
    DOI: 10.1787/5d9009ff-en
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  • 24
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    OECD Skills Strategy Luxembourg : Assessment and Recommendations (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264822443 , 9789264388604 , 9789264314207
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (249 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Stratégie de l’OCDE sur les compétences au Luxembourg (version abrégée) : Évaluation et recommandations
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Weiterbildung ; Luxemburg ; Education ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Luxembourg: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to provide labour-market relevant adult learning opportunities, guide and incentivise skills choices, attract and retain foreign talent to fill skills shortages, and strengthen the governance of skills data in Luxembourg.
    DOI: 10.1787/92d891a4-en
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  • 25
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    Stratégie de l’OCDE sur les compétences au Luxembourg (version abrégée) : Évaluation et recommandations (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264972032 , 9789264664326 , 9789264662537
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les compétences
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Skills Strategy Luxembourg: Assessment and Recommendations
    Keywords: Education ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Les compétences sont la clé d’un avenir meilleur et déterminent la capacité des pays et des personnes à s’épanouir dans un monde de plus en plus interconnecté et en rapide mutation. Les mégatendances, comme la transformation numérique, la mondialisation, les changements démographiques et climatiques, remodèlent le monde du travail et la société, suscitant une demande croissante pour des niveaux de compétences plus élevés et de nouveaux ensembles d’aptitudes. Les projets fondés sur la Stratégie de l’OCDE sur les compétences offrent aux pays une approche stratégique et globale permettant d’évaluer les défis et les possibilités qui se présentent à eux en matière de compétences et de les aider à mettre en place des systèmes de compétences plus efficaces. L’OCDE travaille en collaboration avec les pays afin d’élaborer des réponses stratégiques adaptées aux besoins spécifiques de chacun d’eux en matière de compétences. Cette approche s’appuie sur le cadre stratégique de l’OCDE sur les compétences, qui permet d’examiner ce que les pays sont susceptibles d’améliorer pour permettre : 1) l’acquisition de compétences utiles tout au long de la vie ; 2) l’utilisation efficace des compétences dans le cadre professionnel et social ; 3) le renforcement de la gouvernance des systèmes de compétences. Ce rapport, Stratégie de l’OCDE sur les compétences au Luxembourg : Évaluation et recommandations, définit les possibilités et formule des recommandations afin d’élargir les offres de formation des adultes adaptées au marché du travail, d’orienter et d’encourager les choix de compétences, d’attirer et de retenir les talents étrangers pour combler le manque de compétences et de renforcer la gouvernance des données sur les compétences au Luxembourg. Cette version abrégée présente le résumé ainsi qu’un aperçu de l’analyse et des recommandations contenues dans le rapport complet. Le rapport est disponible en anglais dans son intégralité sur le site de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/dcf9ea51-fr
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    Towards a taxonomy of agri-environmental regulations : A literature review (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.194
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Regulations are an important part of the policy toolkit governments can use to address climate and environmental objectives in agriculture. This report reviews existing literature on the characteristics and assessment of environmental regulations in agriculture. It finds that direct evidence on the outcomes and cost-effectiveness of agri-environmental regulations is generally limited and situation-specific. However, a taxonomy that classifies and organises information on regulations can give a sense of their number, the environmental domains covered, and the scope and depth of their application. This is potentially useful with respect to measuring progress on international commitments for action on climate change mitigation and other analysis.
    DOI: 10.1787/1066cdef-en
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  • 27
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    Propuestas para un plan de acción para reducir el abandono escolar temprano en España (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Proposal for an action plan to reduce early school leaving in Spain
    Keywords: Education ; Spain
    Abstract: El abandono escolar temprano (AET) puede dar lugar a crecientes desafíos individuales y ocasionar elevados costes económicos para los sistemas educativos y las sociedades en general. España ha logrado avances significativos en la reducción del AET en los últimos años; en 2022, la tasa de AET era de 13,9%, casi la mitad de lo observado hace una década. Sin embargo, la tasa media de España sigue siendo de las más elevadas de los países miembros de la OCDE y de la Unión Europea, con notables disparidades regionales. Basándose en la evidencia de la investigación y en las buenas prácticas nacionales e internacionales, y gracias a la contribución de los actores clave del sistema educativo, este informe identifica las fortalezas y los principales desafíos para abordar el AET en España. Determina así cinco áreas de acción y propone una serie de recomendaciones con un enfoque coordinado para reducir el AET en todas las comunidades autónomas y en las ciudades autónomas de Ceuta y Melilla.
    DOI: 10.1787/9bc3285d-es
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  • 28
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    Fostering agricultural and rural policy dialogue (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.197
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Agricultural and rural policies can benefit from potential synergies when designed correctly. Broadly speaking, agricultural policies target farms and food production, while rural policies focus on ensuring the development of a territory and the well-being of the rural population. Despite these differences, both policies are often applied within the same territory and share a growing interest in improving environmental sustainability and adapting to climate change, as well as improving inclusiveness, food security and nutrition, and increasing productivity and innovation. This paper calls for a constructive dialogue on policies and processes to enhance the synergies and coherence in policy advice, and helping to resolve possible trade-offs between agricultural and rural policies. There are many opportunities to build on potential synergies, including on the role of agriculture in structural change in rural areas, on diversifying farm and rural economies, and on ensuring environmental sustainability.
    DOI: 10.1787/d36fcbad-en
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  • 29
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    Consideration of an optimal representation for the technological higher education sector in Ireland (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.70
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Technologie ; Irland ; Education
    Abstract: This brief discusses an appropriate model for representing the technological higher education sector in Ireland, based on stakeholder discussions and international practices from other OECD higher education systems. It assesses the challenges of the Technological Higher Education Association and outlines functions of a representative body. This analysis identifies five options for organising higher education representation in Ireland, recommending a separate sectoral representative organisation in the short-to-medium term to support the transformation of technological universities. In the long term, it foresees a single representative body for the entire Irish higher education system.
    DOI: 10.1787/5ea4eded-en
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  • 30
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    Towards a National Circular Economy Strategy for Hungary (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264595521 , 9789264797598 , 9789264945173
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (249 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Ungarn ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Hungary
    Abstract: The growing demand for raw materials in the Hungarian economy projected up to 2050 is expected to exert significant additional pressure on the environment, putting the country at risk of missing important environmental goals and opportunities to strengthen the competitiveness and resilience of its economy. Despite the notable progress in decoupling environmental pressures from economic activities over the past 20 years, several challenges remain. The transition to a circular economy has significant potential to address these challenges. To fully realise the circular potential of its economy, Hungary will need to adopt a comprehensive circular economy policy framework. This report outlines a set of key elements for the development of the Hungarian national circular economy strategy and action plan. It identifies priority areas that are deemed critical to the Hungarian circular economy transition, including: biomass and food, construction and plastics, as well as cross-cutting horizontal tools to facilitate an economy-wide circular transition. It also provides 45 policy recommendations and suggests specific implementation actions across the priority areas for the short, medium and long term.
    DOI: 10.1787/1178c379-en
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    Strengthening the design and implementation of the standardised student assessment reform of the Flemish Community of Belgium (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.72
    Keywords: Education ; Belgium
    Abstract: The Flemish Community of Belgium has one of the OECD’s most devolved education systems, but there are concerns among Flemish education stakeholders about the overall quality of education. In recent years, the Flemish government has initiated a series of reforms to strengthen the quality of education. These include the introduction of full cohort standardised student assessments in Dutch and mathematics. Students will take the assessments in Grades 4 and 6 at the primary level and in Grades 8 and 12 at the secondary level starting in 2024. This ambitious and innovative reform aims to strengthen and monitor the quality of education, with student results envisaged to inform improvement efforts at different levels of the system. As a follow up to the support provided by the OECD Strategic Education Governance Project, the Flemish Department of Education and Training asked the OECD Implementing Education Policies Project team to support the successful design and implementation of the standardised student assessment reform. This report presents the analysis, key findings and recommendations to help realise this objective.
    DOI: 10.1787/85250f4c-en
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  • 32
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    Schools as hubs for social and emotional learning : Are schools and teachers ready? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Spotlights no.4
    Keywords: Education ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Colombia ; Finland ; Korea, Republic of ; Portugal ; Türkiye ; United States
    Abstract: Schools are perfect hubs for social and emotional learning, but are they ready for this task? To address this question, this Spotlight reports previously unpublished findings from the OECD’s Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) and discusses their implications for education policy and practice. Both an active promotion in schools and extensive learning opportunities for teachers on relevant topics provide a fertile ground for an effective social and emotional education. They boost teachers’ self-efficacy and use of active learning pedagogies, as well as quality relationships at school. The Spotlight also points to important differences for teachers of 10- vs. 15-year-old students that can explain higher skills at a younger age. Younger students benefit more often from key elements of an effective social and emotional education in school, i.e. the evaluation of their social and emotional skills and teachers teaming up with parents to reinforce skill promotion. Teachers of 10-year-olds are also more intensively trained and requested to promote social and emotional learning in their work.
    DOI: 10.1787/f6d12db7-en
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    Comment les établissements d’enseignement primaire publics sont-ils financés ? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les indicateurs de l'éducation à la loupe no.82
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How are public primary schools funded?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La manière dont les gouvernements décident du niveau de financement des établissements d’enseignement primaire publics varie considérablement, même si elle fait en général appel à une combinaison de critères réglementés et de critères discrétionnaires. Des restrictions sont en outre généralement imposées sur les modalités d’utilisation des fonds alloués, qui doivent ainsi être affectés à des catégories de dépenses spécifiques. Cette pratique n’est toutefois pas universelle et les établissements de certains pays de l’OCDE disposent d’une autonomie considérable pour l’affectation de leurs ressources, même s’ils n’ont en revanche que peu d’influence sur le montant initial des fonds qui leur sont attribués.
    DOI: 10.1787/462c666e-fr
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    OECD Skills Strategy Southeast Asia : Skills for a Post-COVID Recovery and Growth (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264793903 , 9789264483613 , 9789264469839
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (287 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Südostasien ; Education ; Brunei Darussalam ; Cambodia ; Lao People's Democratic Republic ; Malaysia ; Myanmar ; Philippines ; Singapore ; Thailand ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future, enabling countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as globalisation, technological progress, demographic change, migration, and climate change, and most recently COVID-19, are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. The OECD Skills Strategy offers a strategic and comprehensive approach to assessing the skills challenges and opportunities of countries and regions for the purposes of helping them build more effective skills systems. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an examination of what countries and regions can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Southeast Asia: Skills for a Post-COVID Recovery and Growth, applies the OECD Skills Strategy framework to assess the performance of countries in Southeast Asia, identifies opportunities for improvement and provides recommendations based on in-depth desk analysis and consultations with stakeholder representatives.
    DOI: 10.1787/923bfd03-en
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    Is Education Losing the Race with Technology? : AI's Progress in Maths and Reading (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264639676 , 9789264920378 , 9789264765153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Lesen ; Mathematik ; Bildungsniveau ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsene ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Abstract: Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are ushering in a large and rapid technological transformation. Understanding how AI capabilities relate to human skills and how they develop over time is crucial for understanding this process. In 2016, the OECD assessed AI capabilities with the OECD’s Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). The present report follows up the earlier study, collecting expert judgements in 2021 on whether computers can solve the PIAAC literacy and numeracy tests. It is part of a comprehensive ongoing project on assessing AI. This study shows that AI could potentially outperform large shares of the population on PIAAC – 90% of adults in literacy and 57-88% of adults in numeracy. AI’s literacy capabilities had improved considerably since the 2016 assessment. According to experts, AI will solve the entire literacy and numeracy tests by 2026. These findings have important implications for employment and education. Large shares of the workforce use literacy and numeracy skills daily at work with a proficiency comparable or below that of computers. AI could affect the literacy- and numeracy-related tasks of these workers. In this context, education systems should strengthen the foundation skills of students and workers and teach them to work together with AI.
    DOI: 10.1787/73105f99-en
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    Joining Forces for Gender Equality : what is Holding us Back? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264825833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (337 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agir ensemble pour l'égalité des genres (version abrégée) : Quelles priorités ?
    Keywords: Gleichstellungspolitik ; Gleichberechtigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: OECD countries continue to face persistent gender inequalities in social and economic life. Young women often reach higher levels of education than young men, but remain under-represented in fields with the most lucrative careers. Women spend more time on unpaid work, face a strong motherhood penalty, encounter barriers to entrepreneurship and fare worse in labour markets overall. They are also under-represented in politics and leadership positions in public employment. These elements permeate many policy areas and economic sectors - from international trade and development assistance to energy and the environment - in which policy often lacks a strong gender focus. Violence against women, the most abhorrent manifestation of gender inequality, remains a global crisis. This publication analyses developments and policies for gender equality, such as gender mainstreaming and budgeting, reforms to increase fathers' involvement in parental leave and childcare, pay transparency initiatives to tackle gender pay gaps, and systems to address gender-based violence. It extends the perspective on gender equality to include foreign direct investment, nuclear energy and transport. Advancing gender equality is not just a moral imperative; in times of rapidly ageing populations, low fertility and multiple crises, it will strengthen future gender-equal economic growth and social cohesion
    Description / Table of Contents: Women at work in OECD countries -- The labour market integration challenges of Ukrainian refugee women -- Global goals in gender equality -- Improving policy implementation to end gender-based violence -- Foreword -- Gender gaps in Vocational Education and Training (VET) and adult learning -- Governance tools and evidence to promote inclusive decision making -- Gender equality in public leadership -- Gender balance in the nuclear sector -- Mainstreaming gender equality -- Tax systems and gender -- Gender differences in financial literacy and resilience -- Supporting equal parenting: Paid parental leave -- Addressing gender disparities in access to finance for business creation -- Gender gaps in entrepreneurship remain -- Gender differences in career expectations and feminisation of the teaching profession -- Women entrepreneurs and international trade -- Ensuring the availability, quality and affordability of childcare -- The gender wage gap and the role of firms -- Gender diversity in energy -- The gender gap in school engagement and retention -- Harnessing foreign direct investment for gender equality -- Gender mainstreaming in environmental policies -- Assessing gender equality in transport policies -- Pay transparency to close the gender wage gap -- Participation and performance of girls and boys in education -- Women and the social economy -- Executive summary -- Gender gaps in asset-backed pension arrangements -- Gender diversity on boards and in senior management -- Systems and legal frameworks to address gender-based violence -- Legal frameworks, institutional design and strategic planning for gender mainstreaming -- The potential of digitalisation for women's economic empowerment in MENA countries -- Improving gender equality in public employment -- Teleworking through a gender lens.
    DOI: 10.1787/67d48024-en
    URL: kostenfrei
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    The role of carbon pricing in transforming pathways to reach net zero emissions : Insights from current experiences and potential application to food systems (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.220
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper investigates the potential role and contribution of carbon pricing in transforming emission pathways towards net zero GHG emissions. It reviews carbon pricing’s impacts, overall and in the electricity sector in selected jurisdictions to date. The paper also analyses the current and potential application of emissions pricing (e.g. emissions trading schemes or carbon taxes) in food systems. The analysis finds that carbon pricing could contribute to net zero pathways alongside other policies, yet price levels and coverage to date have been too low to reduce emissions in line with the Paris Agreement’s goals. Carbon pricing’s contribution to net zero pathways could be further strengthened, including by incentivising demand-side shifts, sequencing policies and enhancing international carbon pricing collaboration. Applying emissions pricing in food systems faces significant short-term technical, methodological, and political barriers and could have just transition implications but reducing emissions from food systems could also lead to many co-benefits.
    DOI: 10.1787/5cefdf8c-en
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    Panduan OECD‑FAO untuk Rantai Pemasok Agrikultura yang Bertanggung Jawab (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264534643
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guide OCDE-FAO pour des filières agricoles responsables
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Руководство ОЭСР-ФАО по ответственным производственно-сбытовым цепочкам в сфере сельского хозяйства
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guia OCDE-FAO para Cadeias de Fornecimento Responsáveis no setor agrícola
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guía OCDE-FAO para las cadenas de suministro responsable en el sector agrícola
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD/FAO-Leitfaden für verantwortungsvolle landwirtschaftliche Lieferketten
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe توجيهات منظمة التعاون والتنمية في الميدان الاقتصادي ومنظمة الأغذية والزراعة بشأن سلاسل الإمدادات الزراعية المسؤولة
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Governance
    Abstract: OECD dan FAO telah mengembangkan Panduan ini untuk membantu perusahaan mematuhi standar perilaku bisnis yang bertanggung jawab dan melakukan uji tuntas di sepanjang rantai pemasok agrikultura untuk memastikan bahwa operasi mereka berkontribusi pada pembangunan berkelanjutan. Pedoman tersebut terdiri dari: • Model kebijakan perusahaan yang menguraikan standar yang harus dipatuhi oleh perusahaan untuk menciptakan rantai pemasok agrikultura yang bertanggung jawab. • Kerangka kerja untuk uji tuntas yang menjabarkan lima langkah yang harus diikuti oleh perusahaan untuk mengidentifikasi, menilai, memitigasi, dan menjelaskan cara mengatasi dampak merugikan dari aktivitas mereka. • Uraian risiko utama yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan dan tindakan untuk memitigasi risiko ini. • Panduan untuk berinteraksi dengan penduduk asli.
    DOI: 10.1787/1286bb3f-id
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    Multi-dimensional Review of El Salvador : Strategic Priorities for Robust, Inclusive and Sustainable Development (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264956094 , 9789264644663 , 9789264930117
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (502 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio multidimensional de El Salvador : Prioridades estratégicas para un desarrollo sólido, inclusivo y sostenible
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; El Salvador ; Education ; Governance ; Development ; El Salvador
    Abstract: El Salvador has made significant development progress in the past 30 years. The end of the civil war in 1992 marked the establishment of a liberal democracy and an open export-led development model, which led to a reduction in poverty and inequality. However, with economic growth averaging a modest 2.4% in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic, and productivity growth of 0.1% over the past decade, the post-war model has not generated the economic momentum or the jobs that the country needs. Decisive action is necessary to kickstart more robust, inclusive and sustainable development. Based on a multi-dimensional analysis of development in El Salvador, this report makes four priority recommendations: 1) build the conditions for a productive transformation and modernisation of the economy; 2) increase the quantity, quality and relevance of education; 3) manage water resources better to deliver water and sanitation for all in a sustainable manner; and 4) modernise the State so it can effectively deliver key public goods, from security to education to health, and successfully steer the next stage in the country’s development.
    DOI: 10.1787/2f3d5e1f-en
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    Estudio multidimensional de El Salvador : Prioridades estratégicas para un desarrollo sólido, inclusivo y sostenible (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264758193 , 9789264555716 , 9789264464360
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (528 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Caminos de Desarrollo
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multi-dimensional Review of El Salvador: Strategic Priorities for Robust, Inclusive and Sustainable Development
    Keywords: Education ; Governance ; Development ; El Salvador
    Abstract: El Salvador ha consolidado importantes avances en su desarrollo en los últimos 30 años. El fin de la guerra civil en 1992 señaló el establecimiento de una democracia liberal y de un modelo de desarrollo abierto basado en la exportación, que contribuyó a reducir la pobreza y la desigualdad. Sin embargo, el modelo de la posguerra no ha generado el dinamismo económico o los puestos de trabajo que el país necesita. El crecimiento económico fue moderado en los años previos a la pandemia de COVID-19, promediando 2.4%, y la productividad creció al 0.1% durante la pasada década. Para impulsar un desarrollo más sólido, inclusivo y sostenible son necesarias acciones decisivas. Basándose en un análisis multidimensional del desarrollo en El Salvador este informe plantea cuatro recomendaciones prioritarias: 1) sentar las condiciones para la transformación productiva y la modernización de la economía; 2) aumentar la cantidad, calidad y pertinencia de la educación; 3) gestionar mejor los recursos hídricos para llevar agua y saneamiento a todos de manera sostenible; y 4) modernizar el Estado para que pueda generar bienes públicos clave – desde la seguridad ciudadana a la educación o la salud – de manera eficaz, y conducir el país hacia la próxima etapa de su desarrollo.
    DOI: 10.1787/926438d3-es
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    A Bayesian workflow for the analysis and reporting of international large-scale surveys : A case study using the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.291
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This report aims to showcase the value of implementing a Bayesian framework to analyse and report results from international large-scale surveys and provide guidance to users who want to analyse the data using this approach. The motivation for this report stems from the recognition that Bayesian statistical inference is fast becoming a popular methodological framework for the analysis of educational data generally, and large-scale surveys more specifically. The report argues that Bayesian statistical methods can provide a more nuanced analysis of results of policy relevance compared to standard frequentist approaches commonly found in large-scale survey reports. The data utilised for this report comes from the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS). The report provides steps in implementing a Bayesian analysis and proposes a workflow that can be applied not only to TALIS but to large-scale surveys in general. The report closes with discussion of other Bayesian approaches to international large-scale survey data, in particularly for predictive modelling.
    DOI: 10.1787/588c4a12-en
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    Taking stock of education reforms for access and quality in Türkiye (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.68
    Keywords: Bildungsreform ; Türkei ; Education ; Türkiye
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of educational progress in Türkiye in the last two decades and reviews education policies which were developed and implemented during the same period. It considers a selection of policies operating from the levels of learners and institutions to system-level policies that are analysed through the lenses of comparative international data and OECD analysis of policies, programmes, and interventions that aim to support better outcomes and greater equity across national education systems. Conducted as a desk-based analysis, this report draws from the knowledge base of the OECD on education policy in Türkiye, national and international sources, and responses from the Ministry of National Education to a survey conducted for this report.
    DOI: 10.1787/5ea7657e-en
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  • 43
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    Costs, benefits and effectiveness of remote audits for international food safety (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.196
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Remote audits enabled international food trade to continue despite the severe COVID-19 pandemic disruptions, but what is their role in the future? Based on case studies and an OECD survey, this report examines the cost, benefits and effectiveness of remote audits. The analysis reveals that key benefits include lower travel expenses, reduced emissions footprints, more flexible use of time, and opportunities to train and involve more staff. There were nevertheless major drawbacks, including limitations to gather audit evidence, a heavy additional burden of preparation time, internet connectivity issues, and the lack of interpersonal engagement. In general, most stakeholders consider remote audits to be less effective than on-site audits, particularly for those of regulatory systems or for the physical auditing of establishments. This report highlights the need to harmonise the terminology in this area of work, and to develop practical guidelines on how and when to conduct remote audits.
    DOI: 10.1787/fef97106-en
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    Professional development for digital competencies in early childhood education and care : A systematic review (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.295
    Keywords: Frühkindliche Bildung ; Kinderbetreuung ; Digitale Kompetenz ; Qualifikation ; Kolumbien ; Education
    Abstract: Digitalisation places new demands on the early childhood education and care (ECEC) workforce to navigate the care and well-being of children in the digital age. This literature review examines frameworks for digital competencies (DC) in education, with a focus on ECEC, as well as variation in DC requirements for ECEC staff with different responsibilities. It explores strategies for a successful integration of DC in ECEC workforce development programmes. The review shows there has been limited research and policy support regarding the development of DC in ECEC and discusses the importance for the ECEC workforce to understand how digital technologies may be incorporated to their work, encompassing both technical aspects and responsible use, as well as the social and collaborative dimensions of professional development in this area. The review examines also how attitudes towards technology use with young children condition skills development in the sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/a7c0a464-en
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  • 45
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    The assessment of students’ creative and critical thinking skills in higher education across OECD countries : A review of policies and related practices (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.293
    Keywords: Kreativität ; Qualifikation ; Studierende ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Abstract: Developed as one of the resources within the context of the OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) project entitled “Fostering and assessing creativity and critical thinking skills in higher education”, this paper reviews existing policies and practices relating to the assessment of students’ creativity and critical thinking skills in higher education across OECD countries. Creativity and critical thinking are largely emphasised in policy orientations and qualification standards governing higher education in many countries. In contrast, these skills are sparsely integrated into the dimensions of centralised assessments administered at the level of systems. At the local level, because of the large degrees of institutional autonomy and academic freedom, there is little indication that policy orientations translate into actual transformation of assessment practices developed and implemented by faculty members. Based on this analysis, the paper provides recommendations for policy and decision makers in systems and institutions to further support the development and implementation of assessment strategies to measure and foster students’ creativity and critical thinking in higher education.
    DOI: 10.1787/35dbd439-en
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  • 46
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    The geography of higher education of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada : Assessing the role of Memorial University within its regional innovation ecosystem (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.39
    Keywords: Education ; Industry and Services ; Canada
    Abstract: This paper analyses Memorial University’s contribution to the economic development of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada, specifically focusing on the university’s contributions to the provincial ocean economy. It analyses the university’s public engagement, entrepreneurship, and collaboration strategies, programs, and relationships to understand Memorial’s regional impact.
    DOI: 10.1787/5599133d-en
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    Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in Spain (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264806344 , 9789264792548 , 9789264498952
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture and Food Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Spanien ; Agriculture and Food ; Spain
    Abstract: Spain has a dynamic and competitive agro-food sector. However, higher productivity has not always reduced environmental pressures. The agricultural innovation and knowledge system could play a key role in addressing the environmental challenges and improving the sector’s resilience. Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in Spain undertakes a thorough examination of the Spanish agro-food sector. It applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the country’s sustainable productivity performance and to identify the main challenges facing the sector. This report proposes a new policy approach, which puts innovation at the centre of a strategy to reconcile environmental performance and productivity growth. Its policy recommendations focus on actions to improve the agricultural knowledge and innovation system and make it more responsive to the most urgent environmental pressures. This requires strengthening the institutional and regulatory framework that supports agricultural innovation and creating incentives to tackle the impediments for a more sustainable and resilient agriculture.
    DOI: 10.1787/a93d26be-en
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    The design of upper secondary education across OECD countries : Managing choice, coherence and specialisation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (99 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.288
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: How is upper secondary education organised across OECD countries? This level of education, which most frequently serves students aged between 15 to 18, is generally the first time when learners have significant capacity to shape the content of their learning, for example by opting for general or vocational education, choosing their subjects and developing a specialisation. Across the OECD, education systems have developed different ways to be responsive to different student needs and interests while trying to ensure that learners develop coherent foundational skills. This paper captures the diversity of countries’ upper secondary systems by: 1) developing a common language that sets the foundation for internationally comparative analysis; 2) categorising how countries organise their programmes in upper secondary education to manage choice, coherence and specialisation; and 3) identifying benefits and strategies to mitigate the risks associated with different approaches to upper secondary programmes for students, education systems and society.
    DOI: 10.1787/158101f0-en
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    Roadmap for scaling up local school community engagement to inform education policy making in Ireland (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.80
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: During the last decade, several OECD countries have been supporting citizen engagement in policy making to better respond to increasingly volatile environments and complex problems. Ireland has a strong tradition and culture of partnership models and stakeholder engagement in education policy making. However, a desire to explore new opportunities for school community engagement and how they could support existing national consultation processes contributed to the exploration of alternative forms of stakeholder engagement in education. This has prompted the Teaching Council in collaboration with a range of Government Departments and national stakeholders, to request assistance from the European Commission's Directorate-General for Structural Reform Support (DG REFORM) for the project "Support to improve local community engagement in Ireland's education policy development". Drawing from international examples, existing stakeholder engagement practices in Ireland, the contributions of a wide range of education stakeholders and a pilot exercise, this report proposes a model and roadmap for exploring the potential of school community engagement to further support policy making across the Irish education system.
    DOI: 10.1787/8eb17b2c-en
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  • 50
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    New PISA results: strengthening education systems in the wake of the pandemic (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.123
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: As the global benchmark in educational assessments, PISA results are always hotly anticipated. The eighth round of PISA assessment was originally planned to take place in 2021 but the disruption caused by COVID-19 forced the assessment to be postponed by a year. The first results of PISA 2022 will be unveiled in two volumes on 5 December 2023. The focus of PISA 2022 is mathematics, with an emphasis on mathematics reasoning, to highlight its importance in tackling complex real-life challenges. The first volume examines how student performance in mathematics, reading and science as well as equity in education evolved before and after the pandemic. The second volume of PISA 2022 identifies "resilient education systems" that maintained or promoted student learning, equity, and well-being amid the pandemic.
    DOI: 10.1787/62fc50a3-en
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    The G20 initiative for rural youth employment : A better future for rural youth (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.48
    Keywords: Development ; Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Between 2017 and 2022, G20 members invested over USD 20 billion in 671 projects related to rural youth employment in Africa. The G20 Initiative for Rural Youth Employment (RYE), launched in 2017, overachieved the targets set to provide employment-related skills to 5 million youth and create 1.1 million jobs by 2022. The most common types of interventions were those focused on agriculture value chain development, skills training, and the promotion of entrepreneurship and small and medium-sized businesses. The paper assesses the achievements of the G20 Initiative for RYE, analyses different RYE programmes and provides recommendations for future G20 initiatives and RYE programming. Despite great progress, much remains to be done to tackle rural youth employment challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac173afe-en
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    Towards resilient food systems : Implications of supply chain disruptions and policy responses (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.205
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Abstract: This paper explores food supply chain resilience and its connection to resilience of food systems more broadly. In terms of availability and affordability, food supply chains have been resilient to a wide range of shocks. Trade plays an important risk pooling role in allowing countries to draw on international markets in the face of domestic shocks. Some domestic policies have helped absorb supply chain shocks, for example support to low-income households or the removal of supply chain bottlenecks. Other measures like export restrictions exacerbate instability. The concept of food systems resilience goes further than availability and affordability of food. It includes broader objectives (like livelihoods and environmental sustainability), and must also anticipate a broader range of shocks, as well as the pressures generated by food systems themselves on the environment. Policy makers should therefore take a more complete systems-wide view of resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/f7998e46-en
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    Overcoming evidence gaps on food systems : Synthesis (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.199
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: There is a growing awareness of the need to transform food systems. Yet successful actions require sound evidence: on the extent, characteristics, and drivers of issues; on the effectiveness of different policy instruments, and their synergies and trade-offs; on how policy proposals would affect stakeholders; and on citizens' values and preferences. There are considerable evidence gaps on many of these aspects. This paper presents the main findings from the OECD project "Overcoming Evidence Gaps on Food Systems," which aimed to identify different types of evidence gaps, as well as pragmatic approaches to overcome these. The project explored this question through three "deep dives" on food insecurity and food assistance programmes across OECD countries, gender and food systems, and environmental impacts along food supply chains. Overall, there is a strong case for greater investment in overcoming evidence gaps for food systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/043db97b-en
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    Guidelines for the development of an OECD farmland habitat biodiversity indicator (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.201
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Lignes directrices pour l'élaboration d'un indicateur de biodiversité des habitats agricoles propre à l'OCDE
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: With half of the world's habitable land being used for agriculture, monitoring the biodiversity on agricultural land is essential for meeting the objectives of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). This paper seeks to advance the monitoring of farmland biodiversity in OECD countries by investigating current national initiatives and proposing guidelines for the development of an indicator based on habitat. The proposed approach provides a flexible and pragmatic framework to harmonise reporting from national programmes while accommodating cross-country diversity in contextual factors, including farming systems, climate, biophysical conditions and species pools. To facilitate implementation in the near term, the indicator includes a three-tiered approach to reporting based on data availability, which accommodates countries with limited data resources as well as those that currently have monitoring programmes in place.
    DOI: 10.1787/09d45d55-en
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    Digital equity and inclusion in education : An overview of practice and policy in OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.299
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Digital technologies can be used to support the inclusion of diverse student groups in education in a number of ways including enhancing accessibility of educational content, increasing personalisation and providing distance learning opportunities, as was the case during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, persistent digital inequalities can undermine digital equity and inclusion and equity and inclusion in education generally, particularly for the most disadvantaged students. This paper explores the themes of digital equity and inclusion, and maps some of the policies and practices adopted in OECD countries for the equitable and inclusive use of digital tools in education. It highlights the importance of inclusive design and implementation of digital technologies, as well as the need for education systems to focus on capacity building such as teacher training, as well as adequate resourcing of digital tools. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of different approaches, and concludes by highlighting research and policy gaps.
    DOI: 10.1787/7cb15030-en
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    Politiques au service de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation de demain dans l'Union européenne (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264407435 , 9789264756458 , 9789264504981
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the European Union
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Grande puissance agroalimentaire mondiale, l'Union européenne se caractérise par un système agroalimentaire résilient et capable de maintenir la productivité à la hausse dans un contexte économique et politique en constante évolution. Mais il en faudra plus pour que le secteur agricole réponde aux attentes en matière de durabilité environnementale. Le présent rapport, Politiques au service de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation de demain dans l'Union européenne, est le résultat de l'application du cadre d'analyse de la productivité, de la durabilité et de la résilience (PSR) mis au point par l'OCDE, avec les valeurs les plus récentes de ses indicateurs agroenvironnementaux, pour comparer le bilan du secteur agricole de l'UE en termes de productivité durable et pour recenser les principaux défis à venir. La Politique agricole commune (PAC) de l'UE est appelée à jouer un rôle de premier plan dans la mise en œuvre des buts et objectifs du pacte vert pour l'Europe. Les préoccupations urgentes qui touchent l'environnement imposent de repenser les paiements de la PAC, de combler le déficit de mise en œuvre sur le plan de la durabilité, d'appliquer une stratégie ambitieuse dans les domaines des données et du numérique et d'amener l'innovation au centre de la politique agricole.
    DOI: 10.1787/9f2518bc-fr
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    Career talks with guest speakers : A guide to delivering an effective career development activity (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.69
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Strong career guidance systems allow students to explore potential futures in work through authentic and frequent interactions with people in work and their workplaces. One form of career exploration that can be expected to be of particular value to young people is career talks with guest speakers. Typically undertaken through secondary education, career talks allow students to hear directly from people in work about their jobs, careers and their pathways through education and training. This Policy Brief summarises available evidence on the impact of teenage career talks on adult employment outcomes; draws on the wider research literature and examples of practice in some countries to illustrate why and how career talks can be expected to benefit students; and, provides a step-by-step guide to the effective design of career talks in person and online.
    DOI: 10.1787/93594cb3-en
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    Who Really Cares about Using Education Research in Policy and Practice? : Developing a Culture of Research Engagement (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264891326 , 9789264700031 , 9789264789357
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (262 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Keywords: Bildungsforschung ; Education
    Abstract: In today's dynamic and rapidly evolving world, evidence-informed decision-making has emerged as a cornerstone in guiding effective education policy and practice. In particular, creating a culture of research engagement is often highlighted as a key ingredient to strengthening the impact of research. However, it is not always clear how that works in practice. The publication provides analyses of data collected from more than 30 education systems. It delves into how systemic and organisational capacity for thoughtful engagement with research can be built into policy and practice. It also contains concrete examples of building a culture of research engagement by presenting diverse case studies, analyses, tools and processes. It is intended as a practical resource for policy makers, educational leaders, teachers and the research community to stimulate reflection and guide their efforts to developing a culture of research engagement in education.
    DOI: 10.1787/bc641427-en
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    Digital technologies to support young children with special needs in early childhood education and care : A literature review (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.294
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This review examines the current literature on the use of digital technologies to support young children with special needs in early childhood education and care (ECEC). It identifies four key areas of focus, which relate to understanding and articulating the purpose and focus for integrating assistive technologies (ATs) in ECEC; activating and integrating expertise in ECEC; developing an engaged community of experience and practice; and promoting and supporting quality AT design. Foundations for further developments are evident across the research literature and the review derives recommendations to provide direction for ECEC policy makers and staff, educational institutions and allied support networks for achieving the promise of AT for children with special needs in ECEC.
    DOI: 10.1787/34f9d9e8-en
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    Comportement des ménages et environnement : Opérer des choix durables sur fond de crises interdépendantes (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la politique de l'environnement et le comportement des ménages
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How Green is Household Behaviour?: Sustainable Choices in a Time of Interlocking Crises
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Les choix des ménages – quoi manger, par quel moyen se rendre au travail, comment se chauffer, etc. – sont lourds de conséquences pour l’environnement. Alors qu’il est plus que jamais nécessaire d’agir en faveur de l’environnement et d’évoluer vers des modes de consommation plus soutenables, rendre ces choix plus durables promet de réduire notablement les incidences environnementales. Or, dans un contexte marqué par une accumulation de crises interdépendantes, les gouvernements peinent à accompagner les ménages afin de concrétiser ce potentiel. Le présent ouvrage passe en revue les résultats de l’enquête 2022 de l’OCDE sur la politique de l’environnement et l’évolution des comportements individuels. Cette enquête porte sur les attitudes et les comportements des ménages concernant l’énergie, les transports, les déchets et les systèmes alimentaires. Elle a été réalisée auprès de plus de 17 000 ménages dans 9 pays : Belgique, Canada, États-Unis, France, Israël, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suède et Suisse. L’enquête a aussi servi à recueillir des informations sur les raisons pour lesquelles les personnes interrogées changent de comportement et sur les obstacles qu’elles doivent surmonter, et offre de ce fait une source unique de données empiriques pour éclairer l’action des pouvoirs publics en faveur de modes de consommation plus durables.
    DOI: 10.1787/6892a2e0-fr
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    Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the Netherlands (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264462045 , 9789264842250 , 9789264854727
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (147 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture and Food Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltpolitik ; Niederlande ; Agriculture and Food ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The Netherlands has built an agricultural sector that is a world leader in productivity and competitiveness. But environmental challenges have grown increasingly urgent and the sector will have to adjust. A recent court ruling on nitrogen pollution has set the stage for a transition towards a more environmentally sustainable path that will be difficult and contentious. Leveraging the strong innovation capacity of the sector will be key to finding long-term solutions that work for farmers, citizens and the environment. Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the Netherlands takes stock of the current situation in the agriculture sector. It applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the country’s sustainable productivity performance and to identify the main challenges facing the sector, and make suggestions for a possible path forward.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb16dea4-en
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    Mitigating the impact of extreme weather events on agricultural markets through trade (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.198
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Abstract: Extreme weather events can disrupt agricultural markets, but agricultural trade can help address subsequent food security concerns. Using the Aglink-Cosimo model, this stochastic scenario analysis sheds light on the complex relationships between trade and food security in an environment where extreme weather events create uncertainty. The analysis suggests that trade integration makes countries less vulnerable to negative yield shocks by mitigating the risk of extreme food prices and by stabilising food availability. Although no model can capture the complex process and consequences of opening this sector to trade, it is clear that trade integration needs to be part of a wider coherent policy package to improve food security.
    DOI: 10.1787/aa584482-en
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    Child participation in decision making : Implications for education and beyond (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.301
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Child empowerment is on the policy agenda of education systems around the world, in particular since the increasing emphasis in policy and research discourse on supporting children's participation rights. A large body of literature suggests that child participation in making decisions on matters that affect them is not only essential from a child rights perspective, but also that it is associated with several positive outcomes from the individual to societal level. In OECD countries there are many domains in which children can and do actively participate in making decisions, including regarding their education. This paper explores how and where children can participate in decision making, with a focus on policies and practices in OECD education systems. It outlines key considerations for child participation, including barriers that many systems are struggling to overcome.
    DOI: 10.1787/a37eba6c-en
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    Spotlight on Vocational Education and Training : Findings from Education at a Glance 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264582569 , 9789264921313 , 9789264954472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Coup de projecteur sur l'éducation et la formation professionnelles : Conclusions de Regards sur l'éducation 2023
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Abstract: This Spotlight presents data and analysis on vocational education and training (VET) from Education at a Glance 2023. VET is a key component of most education systems in OECD countries. About one in three 25-34 year-olds have a vocational qualification as their highest level achieved, whether at upper secondary, post-secondary non-tertiary or short-cycle tertiary level. The first part of the Spotlight focuses on upper secondary programmes, analysing their components and outlining the main challenges to countries aiming to improve their quality, while promoting equity and ensuring better labour-market opportunities for their graduates. The second part focuses on progression pathways open to VET graduates and higher-level vocational programmes. Taken together, the two parts of this spotlight demonstrate the huge diversity of OECD country VET programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/acff263d-en
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    Enhancing the evaluation of VET programmes and institutions in the Republic of Moldova (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.79
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Moldawien ; Education ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: The Republic of Moldova considers education a national priority and has been making steady progress in reforming and modernising its education system. The Ministry of Education and Research (MoER) in 2023 launched its Education Development Strategy 2030 and requested the European Union (EU) to engage the OECD to undertake a deeper analysis of selected policy domains that are central to its education reform. This laid the foundation for the project "Support to the implementation of education policies in Moldova", funded by the EU. The MoER expressed a keen interest to learn from international research evidence and relevant international examples to help advance its education reform agenda. This report is the second output of the project "Support to implementation of education policies in Moldova" and presents an analysis of one of three selected policy domains: "the evaluation of Vocational Education and Training (VET) programmes and institutions in order to improve their functioning".
    DOI: 10.1787/8f90a4c6-en
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    Proposal for an action plan to reduce early school leaving in Spain (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.71
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Propuestas para un plan de acción para reducir el abandono escolar temprano en España
    Keywords: Education ; Spain
    Abstract: Early school leaving (ESL) can lead to mounting individual challenges and generate high economic costs to education systems and societies at large. Spain has made significant progress in reducing ESL in recent years; in 2022, the ESL rate was 13,9% - almost half the points of a decade earlier. However, noteworthy regional disparities remain, and Spain’s average ESL rate remains one of the highest among OECD and EU member countries. Informed by national and international research evidence and good practices, and by the expert contribution of key education stakeholders, this report identifies existing strengths and challenges to address ESL across Spain. It proposes five areas for action that each include a range of evidence-based and actionable recommendations for a coordinated approach to reducing ESL in all autonomous communities and in the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.
    DOI: 10.1787/0c249e7a-en
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    Estudio multidimensional de la República Dominicana : Hacia un mayor bienestar (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264626812 , 9789264592452 , 9789264457225
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (314 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Caminos de Desarrollo
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multi-dimensional Review of the Dominican Republic: Towards Greater Well-being for All
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Taxation ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: La República Dominicana ha experimentado importantes avances socioeconómicos en las últimas décadas. El país ha sido una de las principales economías de América Latina y el Caribe en términos de crecimiento económico, alcanzando el estatus de economía de ingreso medio-alto en 2011. Sin embargo, los avances en las diferentes dimensiones del bienestar han sido insuficientes. En particular, las disparidades socioeconómicas y territoriales siguen siendo importantes, y las instituciones públicas aún enfrentan desafíos relevantes. Para que la República Dominicana avance en una senda de desarrollo más inclusivo y sostenible, es necesario abordar tres dimensiones críticas. En primer lugar, proporcionar empleos de calidad para todos, con especial énfasis en impulsar la formalización y la transformación productiva. En segundo lugar, movilizar más financiamiento público y privado para el desarrollo, con sistemas fiscales más progresivos y eficaces, un gasto público más eficiente, y mercados de capitales más profundos. En tercer lugar, acelerar la transformación digital para impulsar la productividad, mejorar la inclusión y apoyar la creación de empleo.
    DOI: 10.1787/8044a9c9-es
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    Catching up on lost learning opportunities : Research and policy evidence on key learning recovery strategies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.292
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Climate change and natural disasters, the COVID-19 pandemic, and geopolitical shocks have increasingly disrupted school education around the world in recent years. Whether leading to school closures, school destructions or repeated interruptions in students’ learning experiences, these external shocks have translated into lost learning opportunities for students. In this context, education systems face heightened pressure to become ever more resilient, enhance the efficiency of public spending and address emerging learning gaps. This working paper highlights key education strategies for helping students catch up on lost learning opportunities and bridge learning gaps, based on a review of research and policy evidence from OECD and non-OECD countries. It examines a range of academic strategies to address learning gaps, including i) adapting instructional strategies and pedagogies to individual needs, ii) extending and adapting the time of instruction, and iii) providing curricular flexibility and enabling fluid learning pathways within the school system. It provides research evidence on the effectiveness of such strategies, together with examples of their large-scale implementation and cost-effectiveness considerations. While this paper presents programmes of general interest for all countries, a separate policy brief targets learning recovery strategies for students in Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/a69c5909-en
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    The demand for language skills in the European labour market : Evidence from online job vacancies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.294
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Croatia ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Italy ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Netherlands ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper investigates the demand for language skills using data on online job vacancies in 27 European Union member countries and the United Kingdom in 2021. Evidence indicates that although Europe remains a linguistically diverse labour market, knowing English confers unique advantages in certain occupations. Across countries included in the analyses, a knowledge of English was explicitly required in 22% of all vacancies and English was the sixth most required skill overall. A knowledge of German, Spanish, French and Mandarin Chinese was explicitly demanded in between 1% and 2% of all vacancies. One in two positions advertised on line for managers or professionals required some knowledge of English, on average across European Union member countries and across OECD countries in the sample. This compares with only one in ten positions for skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers and among elementary occupations.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1a5abe0-en
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    Agency in the Anthropocene : Supporting document to the PISA 2025 Science Framework (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.297
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: An important construct to be measured in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2025 is the degree to which 15-year-olds are knowledgeable of, concerned about, and able to act on environmental issues as a result of their science education. This document justifies and explains the competencies youth need to address local and global challenges in this epoch of human influences on the planet. Those with agency in the Anthropocene work individually and collectively with hope and efficacy to understand diverse perspectives on socio-ecological systems and to create a more just and resilient future.
    DOI: 10.1787/8d3b6cfa-en
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    Skills in Latin America : Insights from the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264343344 , 9789264841857 , 9789264865280
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (147 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsene ; Jugendliche ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Weiterbildung ; Lateinamerika ; Education
    Abstract: Human capital is a key determinant of success for individuals and economies alike. Literacy and numeracy are key foundations for higher-order cognitive skills, while solving problems in technology-rich environments is increasingly important, as information and communications technology (ICT) spreads into all aspects of life. Despite remarkable recent increases in enrolment and educational attainment, the countries of Latin America lag behind in skills development among both secondary school students and the wider adult population. Young adults are still struggling in the labour market, while employers report skill shortages are a barrier to business. As countries in the region seek to shift their economies into higher value-added activities to escape the “middle-income trap”, they will need to improve the skills of their working-age population across the board. This report explores the situation of youth and adults in Latin America by using data from the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) from Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Uruguay. These data have been supplemented by results from the World Bank STEP survey of adults living in urban areas of Bolivia and Colombia.
    DOI: 10.1787/5ab893f0-en
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    Empowering Young Children in the Digital Age (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264779440 , 9789264901612 , 9789264746381
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Starting Strong
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Kinder ; Jugendliche ; Social Web ; Education
    Abstract: Digitalisation is transforming education as well as social and economic life, with implications for childhood. Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC), with its immense potential to shape children’s early development, learning and well-being, can play a major role in addressing the opportunities and risks that digitalisation brings to young children. Digitalisation also creates new ways of working that have the potential to lead to quality improvement in the ECEC sector. This report provides a 360-degree view of the challenges of digitalisation in ECEC and possible policy responses.
    DOI: 10.1787/50967622-en
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    Geospatial modelling in support of Latvia's school network reorganisation initiative (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.87
    Keywords: Education ; Latvia
    Abstract: A fragmented school network resulting from demographic shifts and regional economic developments can place a significant financial burden on education systems across OECD Member and non-Member countries. This is the case in Latvia, which has made the reorganisation of its school network a policy priority. The Latvian Ministry of Education and Science (MoES) is working jointly with municipalities to ensure high-quality education for every child regardless of school location. On this basis, the OECD Directorate for Education and Skills and OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities provided technical assistance to Latvia through capacity building workshops and the co-construction of a geospatial simulation model to identify schools to be considered for closing or merging. This report presents the key findings of the geospatial modelling, confirming there indeed is considerable scope for consolidating the school network and offers concrete policy recommendations for MoES and education stakeholders to consider for advancing Latvia’s school network reorganisation initiative.
    DOI: 10.1787/1729b571-en
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    Strengthening higher education-school partnerships for green and digital innovation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Spotlights no.8
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This Education Spotlight presents key lessons and inspiring examples of policy and practice to inform collaboration between secondary education and higher education. The Spotlight was prepared by the OECD Higher Education Policy Team as part of the Education and Innovation Practice Community (EIPC), an action of the European Union’s New European Innovation Agenda, flagship 4 on “Fostering, attracting and retaining deep tech talent”. EIPC seeks to bring together peers from policy and practice to advance understanding of the competencies that can trigger and shape innovation for the digital and green transitions, and the mechanisms through which higher education can contribute to their development in secondary education (Strand 1), higher education (Strand 2), and adult upskilling and reskilling (Strand 3).
    DOI: 10.1787/a77c0d5d-en
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    Agir ensemble pour l’égalité des genres (version abrégée) : Quelles priorités ? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264729100 , 9789264702035 , 9789264942424
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Joining Forces for Gender Equality: What is Holding us Back?
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Des inégalités sociales et économiques persistent entre les genres dans les pays de l’OCDE. Les femmes jeunes atteignent souvent un niveau d’études supérieur à celui de leurs homologues masculins, mais restent sous-représentées dans les secteurs offrant les rémunérations les plus élevées. Les femmes consacrent plus de temps au travail non rémunéré, sont fortement pénalisées lorsqu’elles ont des enfants, se heurtent à des obstacles en matière d’entrepreneuriat, et ont globalement de moins bons résultats sur le marché du travail. Elles sont aussi sous-représentées en politique et aux postes de direction dans le secteur public. On retrouve ces caractéristiques dans de nombreux domaines d’action et secteurs économiques (du commerce international à l’aide au développement en passant par l’énergie et l’environnement) où les questions de genre sont peu prises en compte dans l’action publique. La violence à l’encontre des femmes, expression la plus abominable des inégalités entre les genres, reste un enjeu de portée mondiale. Cette publication analyse les évolutions et les mesures en faveur de l’égalité des genres, comme la prise en compte de la dimension du genre dans les politiques et les budgets, les réformes visant à accroître la participation des pères aux congés parentaux et à la garde des enfants, les initiatives en faveur de la transparence salariale pour lutter contre les inégalités de rémunération entre les genres, ou les systèmes de lutte contre les violences basées sur le genre. Elle vise à élargir la vision de l’égalité entre les genres, afin d’inclure l’investissement direct étranger, l’énergie nucléaire et les transports. Faire progresser l’égalité entre les genres n’est pas seulement un impératif moral : en cette période marquée par un vieillissement démographique rapide, des taux de fécondité en berne et des crises qui se multiplient, les actions dans ce domaine contribueront à favoriser une croissance économique et une cohésion sociale plus respectueuses de l’égalité des genres à l’avenir. Il s’agit d’une version abrégée de la publication d’origine, composée du résumé et du chapitre 1 intitulé Mettre l’égalité des genres au cœur de toutes les politiques publiques, qui est le chapitre de synthèse.
    DOI: 10.1787/6a24b253-fr
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    Recovering lost learning opportunities in Ukraine: Key education policy strategies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Education ; Economics ; Ukraine
    Abstract: School destructions, population displacement or school closures mean that children in Ukraine have experienced varied disruptions in their education experience. Interventions that seek to reduce the variation in student learning levels need to accompany efforts to resume learning and deliver high-quality education for all. This brief puts the focus on academic interventions Ukraine could introduce to support learning recovery. It first examines strategies for assessing students’ skill levels and identifying potential learning losses in the current context. It then focuses on academic strategies the Ministry of Education can implement in the short and medium-term to help students recover lost learning opportunities, including adapting instructional strategies and pedagogies to individual needs, adapting the time of instruction, providing curricular flexibility and enabling fluid learning pathways within the school system. The brief concludes by putting forward a range of policy responses that can enhance the long-term effectiveness of learning recovery strategies in Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/c10085eb-en
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    Guide de l'enseignant sur l'évaluation sommative en classe des élèves au Maroc (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (123 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Education ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le guide présent est l'un des deux guides préparés par l'OCDE pour aider les enseignants au Maroc à effectuer des évaluations en classe et à renforcer leurs pratiques pédagogiques. Au Maroc, le contrôle continu vise à mesurer l'apprentissage des élèves à la fin d'une période d'apprentissage et contribue aux décisions concernant la progression et/ou la certification d'un élève. Ce guide présente les principes clés pour un contrôle continu de qualité au Maroc. Il porte sur les étapes principales de l'évaluation de l'apprentissage des élèves dans la classe : de l'élaboration, à la passation, à la correction, et à la communication des résultats des épreuves. Il aborde également des potentiels traitement inéquitables, liés aux caractéristiques des élèves ou de la classe, qui peuvent se produire pendant le processus de l'évaluation. Le guide a été rédigé par des experts en la matière et a bénéficié des contributions par des inspecteurs pédagogiques et enseignants Marocain dans le cadre d'ateliers au Maroc.
    DOI: 10.1787/2ac20f43-fr
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    Bananas (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264931954
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current international standard for Bananas. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in this produce.
    DOI: 10.1787/e762dec6-en-fr
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    Artificial Intelligence in Science : Challenges, Opportunities and the Future of Research (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264446212 , 9789264332287 , 9789264928206
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from climate change to new contagions. This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current, emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific productivity. Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into research in developing countries. A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8d820bd-en
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  • 80
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    Reorienting budgetary support to agriculture for climate change mitigation : A modelling analysis (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.206
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Reforming agricultural support is increasingly considered a viable means to enhance agriculture’s contribution to climate change mitigation, while fulfilling broader food systems policy objectives related to food security and livelihoods. This study uses a new computable general equilibrium model to investigate a set of global policy reform scenarios that reorientate governments’ budgetary transfers to agriculture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The results suggest that removing budgetary support globally would reduce agricultural emissions by 2.1% with potential negative effects on food supply. Reorienting existing support, instead, could have significantly stronger effects: decoupling payments from production and tying these to suitable agri-environmental practices could raise emission reduction to over 4% without harming food supply. Targeted investments in productivity and abatement technologies could bring additional emission savings in the long term with co-benefits for food security. Overall, combining green decoupling and investment policies in OECD countries would reduce global agricultural emissions by 5% – or by 11% if extended to other regions – while balancing outcomes across the three dimensions of the food systems’ triple challenge.
    DOI: 10.1787/28248b95-en
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  • 81
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    Intersectionality in education : Rationale and practices to address the needs of students’ intersecting identities (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.302
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Intersectionality highlights that different aspects of individuals’ identities are not independent of each other. Instead, they interact to create unique identities and experiences, which cannot be understood by analysing each identity dimension separately or in isolation from their social and historical contexts. Intersectional approaches in this way question the common classification of individuals into groups (male vs. female, immigrant vs. native etc.), which raises important implications for the policy-making process. In education, analyses with an intersectional lens have the potential to lead to better tailored and more effective policies and interventions related to participation, learning outcomes, students’ attitudes towards the future, identification of needs, and socio-emotional well-being. Consequently, as elaborated in this paper, some countries have adjusted their policies in the areas of governance, resourcing, developing capacity, promoting school-level interventions and monitoring, to account for intersectionality. Gaps and challenges related to intersectional approaches are also highlighted.
    DOI: 10.1787/dbb1e821-en
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  • 82
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    The OECD Skills Profiling Tool: A new instrument to improve career decisions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.293
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper documents the development and piloting of the OECD Skills Profiling Tool. The OECD Skills Profiling Tool assesses three types of skills: occupation-specific skills; foundational skills (literacy, numeracy and digital skills); and a set of noncognitive skills using academically validated self-reported tests. After completion of the assessment, the OECD Skills Profiling Tool generates two sets of results: a personalised skill profile, which can be benchmarked against other users; and a list of suggested occupations that make use of those skills. In December 2021, 270 users and 38 career guidance counsellors in Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru tested the OECD Skills Profiling Tool. This paper describes the selection of assessment instruments, the methodology used to generate the results provided by the OECD Skills Profiling Tool and the outcomes of the piloting phase of the tool.
    DOI: 10.1787/598ff539-en
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  • 83
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    How Green is Household Behaviour? : Sustainable Choices in a Time of Interlocking Crises (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264556928 , 9789264172746 , 9789264922945
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Comportement des ménages et environnement : Opérer des choix durables sur fond de crises interdépendantes
    Keywords: Privater Haushalt ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Nachhaltiger Konsum ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Household choices – such as what to eat, how to get to work and how to heat our homes – have significant implications for the environment. With the urgency of environmental action and the need to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns, making more sustainable choices holds great potential to reduce environmental impacts. Yet in the context of interlocking crises, governments face challenges in supporting households with policies that realise this potential. How Green is Household Behaviour? presents an overview of results from the 2022 OECD Survey on Environmental Policies and Individual Behaviour Change. The survey investigates household attitudes and behaviour with respect to energy, transport, waste and food systems. It was carried out across more than 17 000 households in 9 countries, including Belgium, Canada, Israel, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The data collected also include information on self-reported motivations and barriers to change, providing a unique source of empirical evidence to inform policy efforts to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns.
    DOI: 10.1787/2bbbb663-en
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  • 84
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    Micro-credential policy implementation in Finland, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Spain (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.86
    Keywords: Education ; Finland ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain
    Abstract: Smaller, more targeted, and more flexible than traditional education and training programmes, micro-credentials have become a prominent feature of education, training and labour market policy discussions in recent years. Several OECD countries have already started the development of national micro-credential ecosystems, and many others are looking to follow suit. This OECD Education Policy Perspective serves as Part B in a two-part series of summary papers. The first publication, Paper A, examined the evolving landscape of micro-credentials, with a particular focus on the development of public policies that can foster effective utilisation of micro-credentials for lifelong learning, upskilling and reskilling. This publication, Paper B, presents case studies from four European Union Member States – Finland, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Spain. The document was authored by Roza Gyorfi and Shizuka Kato from the OECD Higher Education Policy Team and Thomas Weko from George Washington University.
    DOI: 10.1787/c3daa488-en
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  • 85
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    Remédier aux possibilités d'apprentissage perdues en Ukraine :les stratégies clés en matière de politique de l'éducation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l'OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Recovering lost learning opportunities in Ukraine: Key education policy strategies
    Keywords: Education ; Economics ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Les destructions d'écoles, les déplacements de population ou les fermetures d'écoles signifient que les enfants en Ukraine ont connu diverses perturbations dans leur expérience éducative. Les interventions visant à réduire les variations des niveaux d'apprentissage des élèves doivent accompagner les efforts de reprise de l'apprentissage et de fourniture d'une éducation de haute qualité pour tous. Cette note met l'accent sur les interventions académiques que l'Ukraine pourrait mettre en place pour soutenir la reprise de l'apprentissage. Elle examine tout d'abord les stratégies d'évaluation des niveaux de compétences des élèves et d'identification des pertes d'apprentissage potentielles dans le contexte actuel. Elle se concentre ensuite sur les stratégies académiques que le ministère de l'éducation peut mettre en œuvre à court et à moyen terme pour aider les élèves à récupérer les opportunités d'apprentissage perdues, notamment en adaptant les stratégies d'instruction et les pédagogies aux besoins individuels, en adaptant le temps d'instruction, en assurant la flexibilité des programmes et en permettant des parcours d'apprentissage fluides au sein du système scolaire. La note conclut en proposant une série de réponses politiques susceptibles d'améliorer l'efficacité à long terme des stratégies de reprise de l'apprentissage en Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/eea81bd9-fr
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  • 86
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    Où se trouvent les enseignants expérimentés? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: L'enseignement à la loupe no.45
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Where to find experienced teachers?
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: L'importance des enseignants expérimentés ne saurait être sous-estimée. Ils peuvent en effet contribuer à améliorer les résultats des élèves, mais aussi la qualité globale de l'enseignement en soutenant leurs collègues moins expérimentés. Ce numéro de la série L'Enseignement à la loupe (Teaching in Focus [TIF]) analyse leur répartition entre les établissements sous les deux angles distincts, mais complémentaires, de l'égalité et de l'équité.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0b0bc00-fr
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  • 87
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    Strengthening Upper Secondary Education in Lithuania (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264630611 , 9789264602083 , 9789264906273
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Education ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Upper secondary education in Lithuania stands out internationally with one of the highest attainment rates across OECD countries. Yet the country and its young people receive relatively modest returns in terms of learning outcomes for the country's high rates of upper secondary completion. To address this issue, Lithuania is currently undertaking a series of reforms at the upper secondary education level. This report explores how Lithuania, and its young people can achieve higher returns on its investment in upper secondary education and provides Lithuania with policy recommendations to help improve it by strengthening vocational education pathways and by consolidating upper secondary certification.
    DOI: 10.1787/a69409d7-en
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  • 88
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    Characterising farming resilience capacities : An example of crop farms in the United Kingdom (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.195
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Improving the resilience of farmers against external shocks is a priority for policy makers. This paper measures the resilience of a sample of farmers in the United Kingdom to assess the impact of the 2011-12 drought on their productivity and income. The analysis allows for the distinction of four resilience capacities: to prepare; to absorb the immediate impact of the shock; to adapt farming practices to a new environment; and to transform the business model, and improve productivity and income in the longer term. Results show that a single farm rarely performs strongly across these four capacities, and that those farms that best absorb the impact of the drought, perform poorly in transforming their business after the shock. While size and diversification improve absorption and adaptation, innovation is a key driver of long-term resilience to keep the pace of productivity gains. In the past, policies on agricultural risk management focused on the absorption capacity of farms and on stabilising income. Forward-looking resilience policies today need to prioritise other capacities, in particular preparedness, adaptation and transformation.
    DOI: 10.1787/1e26883b-en
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  • 89
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    Teaching Opportunities and Support for Ukrainian Educators (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Amid the millions of refugees forced to flee Ukraine, an estimated 10-17% have previously worked in the education sector. The expertise and qualifications of Ukrainian educators can be harnessed in host countries to provide vital support for Ukrainian students who are navigating unfamiliar educational systems, while also offering them continued career opportunities in their chosen field and supporting the local education system. Drawing insights from recent OECD survey results, this brief provides an overview of the efforts initiated by OECD countries to employ Ukrainian teachers, while identifying the obstacles which persist such as qualifications recognition, training gaps, and language barriers. Measures such as streamlining recruitment processes, fostering flexibility in qualification recognition, and providing tailored training for teachers and assistants can help optimise their potential.
    DOI: 10.1787/815affa3-en
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  • 90
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    Levelling the playing field in ECEC : Results from TALIS Starting Strong 2018 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.305
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The provision of high-quality early childhood education and care (ECEC) is widely seen as a strategy to promote a more equitable and inclusive society due to its potential to give all children, and especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds, a strong basis for early development and well-being. This requires approaches that address the needs of the increasingly diverse populations of children participating in ECEC. A first step in this direction is to assess the prevalence of different dimensions of diversity (e.g., socio-economic disadvantage, special education needs, different first language, and refugee status) across ECEC centres, and the extent to which the quality of ECEC varies between more and less diverse centres. This working paper uses data from the TALIS Starting Strong 2018 survey to examine these questions in the nine participating countries, and to derive policy pointers to ensure that ECEC systems promote equity and inclusion in response to the diversity of children’s needs.
    DOI: 10.1787/757e4fea-en
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  • 91
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    OECD Skills Strategy Bulgaria : Assessment and Recommendations (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264469273 , 9789264775930 , 9789264835030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (241 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation ; Bulgarien ; Education ; Employment ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Bulgaria: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to improve youth skills, improve adult skills, use skills effectively in the labour market and at work, and improve the governance of the skills system in Bulgaria.
    DOI: 10.1787/c2eb2f34-en
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  • 92
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    How are education systems integrating creative thinking in schools? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.122
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Creative thinking matters. It is consistently ranked among the top skills employers value and, when students think creatively, their motivation to learn increases and their learning becomes deeper and more transferable. As more education systems formally recognise the key role that education can play in nurturing creative thinking skills, the question is: what policies are needed to ensure that, systematically, all young people have the opportunity to develop these skills as part of their formal education? To what extent are education systems supporting their students and teachers in promoting the kinds of learning environments where creative thinking can flourish? This brief addresses these questions by reporting and analysing responses to an online policy survey from 90 national and sub-national education jurisdictions participating in PISA 2022.
    DOI: 10.1787/f01158fb-en
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  • 93
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    Food for thought: School meals for sustainable societies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Spotlights no.5
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Food security is both a necessary condition and a potential outcome of quality education. Through education, learners, their families and the wider society can establish more healthy relationships with food, which can lead to benefits related to learning, health and environmental sustainability among others. This Spotlight addresses a number of ways in which schools and education systems can engage with food as a critical component of quality education for all.
    DOI: 10.1787/629a2730-en
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  • 94
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    Emerging trends in AI skill demand across 14 OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.2
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report analyses the demand for positions that require skills needed to develop or work with AI systems across 14 OECD countries between 2019 and 2022. It finds that, despite rapid growth in the demand for AI skills, AI-related online vacancies comprised less than 1% of all job postings and were predominantly found in sectors such as ICT and Professional Services. Skills related to Machine Learning were the most sought after. The US-focused part of the study reveals a consistent demand for socio-emotional, foundational, and technical skills across all AI employers. However, leading firms – those who posted the most AI jobs – exhibited a higher demand for AI professionals combining technical expertise with leadership, innovation, and problem-solving skills, underscoring the importance of these competencies in the AI field.
    DOI: 10.1787/7c691b9a-en
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  • 95
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    What do OECD data on teachers' salaries tell us? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.83
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Teachers' salaries are widely debated around the world, with divergent views among the actors of education. Salaries have risen very little over the last decade and have even fallen in real terms in almost half of OECD countries between 2015 and 2022. However, salary levels are just one of the many factors contributing to the attractiveness of the profession. In addition to raising salaries, decision makers should also take steps to raise the status of the profession in society, and offer teachers more opportunities for professional development and mobility to ensure that the profession remains intellectually stimulating throughout their careers.
    DOI: 10.1787/de0196b5-en
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  • 96
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    Optimiser les ressources dans l’enseignement scolaire : Investissements judicieux, résultats de qualité, égalité des chances (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264474567 , 9789264628748 , 9789264661387
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Value for Money in School Education: Smart Investments, Quality Outcomes, Equal Opportunities
    Keywords: Education ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: L'élaboration des politiques a toujours consisté à faire des choix, gérer des compromis et équilibrer plusieurs objectifs et priorités pour la prise de décisions budgétaires complexes. Pourtant, ces dernières années, les décideurs politiques ont été confrontés à un nombre croissant de priorités, d'où une pression plus forte pour améliorer l'efficacité des dépenses publiques. Il existe de solides arguments en faveur d'un investissement public dans une éducation de haute qualité du fait de ses résultats économiques ainsi qu'aux retombées sociales plus générales pour les individus et la société. Mais alors qu'une éducation de haute qualité continuera à permettre aux individus et aux sociétés de prospérer et de se remettre des perturbations, les ministères de l'éducation devront repenser leur façon d'investir dans l'éducation pour garantir l'optimisation de l’utilisation de ces ressources. Après une introduction exposant le contexte, cette publication fait le point sur les rendements économiques et les résultats sociaux plus larges dérivés d'une éducation de qualité, plaidant en faveur de la poursuite des investissements publics. Elle se tourne ensuite vers l'examen des moyens intelligents d'investir dans l'éducation et examine les principaux leviers politiques pour optimiser l’utilisation des ressources: gérer et distribuer le financement des écoles pour tirer le meilleur parti des investissements éducatifs ; parvenir à l’équité parallèlement à une plus grande efficacité ; et la planification, le suivi et l'évaluation de l'utilisation efficace du financement des écoles.
    DOI: 10.1787/013d7b90-fr
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  • 97
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    Innovative agro-food industries in the EU Outermost Regions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.49
    Keywords: Economics ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of agro-food value chains in the EU Outermost Regions (EU ORs). It assesses emerging trends, discusses opportunities and challenges, reviews the policy frameworks and tools that can strengthen the beneficial participation of EU ORs in international agro-food value chains, and proposes priority actions. The paper is developed within the framework of the EU-OECD project on Global Outermost Regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/0d615c8d-en
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  • 98
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    The future of Finland's funding model for higher education institutions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.76
    Keywords: Bildungsfinanzierung ; Hochschulfinanzierung ; Finnland ; Education ; Finland
    Abstract: This policy brief was prepared as part of the OECD's Resourcing Higher Education Project. This wider project aims to provide a shared knowledge base for OECD member and partner countries on policy for higher education resourcing, drawing on system-specific and comparative policy analysis. The policy brief for Finland was developed at the request of the Finnish authorities to support reflection on possible adjustments to the public funding model for Finnish higher education for the funding period (2025-28). The brief reviews the key challenges facing higher education in Finland and national policy priorities, compares Finland's model of funding higher education institutions (HEIs) with models in OECD systems sharing similar characteristics to Finland's and reviews policy options – both within and outside of the funding model – to support achievement of key policy objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/3d256b59-en
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  • 99
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    Initial policy considerations for generative artificial intelligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.1
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) creates new content in response to prompts, offering transformative potential across multiple sectors such as education, entertainment, healthcare and scientific research. However, these technologies also pose critical societal and policy challenges that policy makers must confront: potential shifts in labour markets, copyright uncertainties, and risk associated with the perpetuation of societal biases and the potential for misuse in the creation of disinformation and manipulated content. Consequences could extend to the spreading of mis- and disinformation, perpetuation of discrimination, distortion of public discourse and markets, and the incitement of violence. Governments recognise the transformative impact of generative AI and are actively working to address these challenges. This paper aims to inform these policy considerations and support decision makers in addressing them.
    DOI: 10.1787/fae2d1e6-en
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  • 100
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    Promoting diverse career pathways for doctoral and postdoctoral researchers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.158
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report analyses the career options of doctoral and postdoctoral researchers. It identifies policies and practices to promote diverse careers, flexible career trajectories and ultimately better-quality research and innovation across different economic and social sectors. The report presents a conceptual framework and synthesis of available data and policy information. It offers recommendations and a set of policy options to: promote engagement and interaction with employers outside academia; provide researchers with experience and skills for diverse careers; encourage valorisation of diverse career options; support career development and guidance for researchers; promote inter-sectoral mobility; and, reconfigure and support careers in academia.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc21227a-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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