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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (437)
  • BSZ  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (437)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (306)
  • Boston, MA :Safari,
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing [China] ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    ISBN: 1565925297
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 211 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 004.6
    Keywords: Business enterprises ; Computer networks ; Computer networks ; Security measures ; Extranets (Computer networks) ; Internet ; Telecommuting ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Historically, only large companies could afford secure networks, which they created from expensive leased lines. Smaller folks had to make do with the relatively untrusted Internet. Nowadays, even large companies have to go outside their private nets, because so many people telecommute or log in while they're on the road. How do you provide a low-cost, secure electronic network for your organization? The solution is a virtual private network: a collection of technologies that creates secure connections or "tunnels" over regular Internet lines--connections that can be easily used by anybody logging in from anywhere. A number of products now exist to help you develop that solution. This book tells you how to plan and build a VPN. It starts with general concerns like costs, configuration, and how a VPN fits in with other networking technologies like firewalls. It continues with detailed descriptions of how to install and use VPN technologies that are available for Windows NT and Unix, such as PPTP and L2TP, Altavista Tunnel, Cisco PIX, and the secure shell (SSH). New features in the second edition include SSH, which is a popular VPN solution for Unix systems, and an expanded description of the IPSec standard, for which several vendors have announced support. Topics include: How the VPN compares to other available networking technologies Introduction to encryption, firewalls, the IPSec standard, and other technologies that let VPNs work Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) and L2TP The Altavista Tunnel The Cisco PIX Firewall Secure Shell (SSH) Maintenance and troubleshooting
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, IN : Cisco Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xviii, 343 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 004.6
    Keywords: Computer networks ; Routers (Computer networks) ; TCP/IP (Computer network protocol) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: A core textbook for CCIE preparation Learn how to apply effective hierarchical design principles to build stable, large-scale networks Examine broken networks and discover the best methods for fixing them Understand how the right topology enhances network performance Construct the most efficient addressing and summarization scheme for your network Prevent network failure by applying the most appropriate redundancy at the network core, distribution layer, and access layer Extend your network's capabilities through proper deployment of advanced IGP- and EGP-based protocols Advanced IP Network Design provides the solutions network engineers need to grow and stabilize large IP networks. Technology advancements and corporate growth inevitably lead to the necessity for network expansion. This book presents design concepts and techniques that enable networks to evolve into supporting larger, more complex applications while maintaining critical stability. Advanced IP Network Design provides you with a basic foundation to understand and implement the most efficient network design around the network core, distribution and access layers, and the common and edge network services. After establishing an efficient heirarchical network design, you will learn to apply OSPF, IS-IS, EIGRP, BGP, NHRP, and MPLS. Case studies support each protocol to provide you with valuable solutions to common blocks encountered when implementing an IGP- or EGP-based network Advanced IP Network Design offers expert-level solutions and help with CCIE exam preparation through the following features: practical discussion and implementation of CCIE-level networking issues; case studies that highlight real-world design, implementation, management, and troubleshooting issues; scenarios that help you put the presented solutions to use; and chapter-ending review questions and exercises.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall PTR ; | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxv, 501 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm. +
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 005.75/65
    Keywords: Informix-SQL ; Relational databases ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 7962C-5 If Informix is your database engine, this is your engine manual! There's practically no Informix problem you can't solve if you're willing to get "under the hood" and get dirty! That's the philosophy behind Informix Database Administrator's Survival Guide-and it's why the first edition became a worldwide Informix best-seller! Now, there's an all-new Second Edition, completely updated to reflect the new Informix 7 database engine. Better than ever, it contains over 150 pages of totally new debugging help-covering the Informix-Dynamic Server and Informix-Online database engines, utilities, SQL, ESQL/C code, and Informix's Windows NT products. With the guidance of expert Informix DBA Joe Lumbley, you'll master all this and more: How to perform Informix database tune-ups-step-by-step Making the most of logging, archiving, and client utilities Practical answers to dozens of the questions Informix DBAs ask most Leveraging the information stored in SMI tables Comprehensive coverage of the onstat-g commands Fundamental principles of Informix debugging Informix Database Administrator's Survival Guide, Second Edition brings together crucial information from thousands of pages of manuals-and make-or-break techniques that aren't in any manual. You'll discover all you need to know to successfully manage Informix-Dynamic Server on Windows NT and UNIX. You'll find exclusive coverage of Informix DBA tools and resources. You'll even learn how to manage the tough political and organizational issues that go with today's enterprise environments-all the "soft" skills you need to stay sane. Ask thousands of Informix DBAs: this is the one Informix book you simply don't want to be without! CD-Rom Included Bonus! Included free on the CD-ROM is a computer-based training course chosen especially for this book! CBT Systems is the leading provider of interactive training sotfware for IT professionals.
    Note: Rev. ed. of: Informix database administrator's survival guide. c1995
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxiii, 597 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 004.165
    Keywords: PalmPilot (Computer) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 3Com's PalmPilot is the world's bestselling hand-held computer platform. In three years, its 16 models from 5 different manufacturers have captured 80 percent of the palmtop market. About the size of a playing card, Palm devices are lightweight (under 6 ounces), offering two-month battery life, handwriting recognition, Internet connectivity, and a touch-screen display. Above all, these devices are fast and elegantly designed. PalmPilot: The Ultimate Guide was an instant classic when it debuted in 1998, becoming, and remaining, the bestselling Palm book (and a top ten title among all computer books) every month since. Dense with previously undocumented information, this newly updated bible for Palm users delivers hundreds of timesaving tips and surprising tricks, plus a CD-ROM containing over 3,100 Palm programs. The second edition offers exclusive insider coverage of all models, including 1999's Palm IIIx, Palm V, laser-equipped Symbol 1500, and the revolutionary, wireless Palm VII. The book is divided into five sections: Section One details every hardware and software aspect of PalmPilot as it comes out of the box: the stylus and screen, the buttons, and the current line of models. A tutorial takes the reader through the palmtop's preferences and settings panels, teaches the Graffiti alphabet, and unearths surprising features of the machine's eight built-in programs. Section Two explains step-by-step how your PalmPilot can work with your PC: how data gets from your palmtop to your desktop computer and back again (HotSyncing). New chapters give special coverage to the separate Windows and Macintosh (Mac Pac 2.0) versions of Palm Desktop, which duplicates the functions of the PalmPilot (calendar, phone book, to-do list, memo pad, email, and expense tracking) on the desktop machine. Section Three takes the reader beyond the built-in Palm software to the best of the add-on programs included with the book. They include such graphics programs as DinkyPad, TealPaint, and the amazing ImageViewer (which unlocks the "black-and-white" Pilot screen's grayscale features); electronic books in Doc format; and music programs that use the hand-held's built-in speaker. New in this edition: how-to advice for using PalmPilot database programs to collect data in the field, and syncing them with such popular PC programs as FileMaker and Microsoft Access. Section Four covers the new Palm VII, the first one-piece, pocket-sized, wireless Internet device ever marketed...
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 462 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Keywords: Application software ; Development ; JavaScript (Computer program language) ; Web site development ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: There is a serious information gap for Webmasters learning client-side JavaScript skills and trying to solve common Web-related problems. Knowing the syntax is one thing, being able to build a useful application is another. And while there are dozens of "how- to" JavaScript books available, few literally hand the Webmaster a set of ready-to-go, client-side JavaScript applications with thorough documentation that enable the reader to fully understand and extend those applications. By providing such a set of applications, JavaScript Application Cookbook allows Webmasters to immediately add extra functionality to their Web sites. This book targets readers with two different skill sets. The primary target is JavaScript-knowledgeable Webmasters and designers who can immediately begin constructing their own versions of the applications. The secondary target is those with little or no JavaScript experience. The included applications are ready for immediate use and require little customization. This book explores both the code and the techniques that are centered around core JavaScript functionality, a functionality that will not become incompatible or obsolete. The source file design of most applications and libraries will help modularize reader Web sites and facilitate easier site management and coding practices. Chapters are organized by application. Among the included applications are: A client-side search engine that will show coders how to build their own search engine and get excellent results, all with a client-side tool A drag-and-drop greeting application that lets users custom build and send DHTML email greetings A GUI image rollover tool that generates cross-browser image rollover code for all versions of JavaScript A robust client-side shopping cart application that lets shoppers browse and shop, while the application keeps a tab of the shopper's selections and a running bill, including tax and shipping An online test application that auto-administers, grades, and displays answers to online exams or surveys An additional value to this book is an online resource (http://www.serve.com/hotsyte/) that discusses the applications and points to other resources. With its focus on providing practical real-world solutions for Webmasters, JavaScript Application Cookbook is destined to become a staple for every JavaScript developer, regardless of experience. Visit the catalog page for JavaScript Application CookbookVisit the errata page for JavaScrip...
    Note: "Programming web applications in JavaScript"--Cover. - Includes index. - "Web resources": p. 413-423
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxi, 457 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Keywords: PalmPilot (Computer) ; Programming ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: PalmPilot's popularity is growing and with over a million units sold, the Palm OS dominates the hand-held market. Wired has astutely described Palm's position in a recent article: "On its way to becoming the bestselling hand-held computer of all time, the 3Com PalmPilot has spawned an intense, emotional, and fanatical developer following not seen since the glory days of the Mac." (Wired, 20 Feb. 98). Palm Programming should be eagerly accepted by programmers because the authors worked closely with Palm to ensure that the book is tailored exactly to the needs of the ever-growing group of Palm developers. As nothing but some piecemeal documentation exists currently, this book provides a much needed solution to the Palm developers. In fact, Palm uses this book as their official developer's guide and will be using it in the future as a key part of their training materials for developers. There are currently no books on Palm programming (and we know of none that are planned). The only way to learn is by using the reference material published by Palm (available freely on their Web site), the tutorial they provide, or various Palm programming FAQs compiled by third parties. Palm Programming shows intermediate to experienced C programmers how to build a Palm application from the ground up. Using an easy-to- understand tutorial approach, this book gives readers everything necessary to create a wide range of Palm applications and conduits, from simple scripts through full-blown applications, and in the process provides thorough coverage of Palm programming. It includes a CD-ROM (Macintosh and Windows compatible) with the full source code to the examples in the book, a trial version of Palm's Software Development Kit, and third-party developer tools, including Metrowerks' CodeWarrior Lite programming kit. Outline Part 1: Overview of Palm OS and devices Chapter 1: The Palm Solution Chapter 2: Developing for Palm OS Chapter 3: Designing a solution Part 2: Programming for the handheld Chapter 4: Structure of an Application Chapter 5: Forms and Form Objects Chapter 6: Databases Chapter 7: Menus Chapter 8: Extras Chapter 9: Communications Chapter 10: Debugging Part 3: Programming for the desktop: conduits Chapter 11: Getting started with conduits Chapter 12: Uploading and Downloading Data Chapter 13: Two-way Syncing Appendix: Where to go from here
    Note: CD-ROM contains source code for all the samples in the book, a demo version of Code Warrior for Palm OS, GNU PalmPilot SDK, POSE, Palm OS 3.0 SDK (including documentation), demo version of Satellite Forms, and Linux versions of gcc, gdb, POSE, and Pilrc in both source and RPM format. - Includes index
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: iii, 58 p. ; , 18 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.13
    Keywords: GNU Emacs ; Text editors (Computer programs) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: GNU Emacs is the most popular and widespread of the Emacs family of editors. It is also the most powerful and flexible. Unlike all other text editors, GNU Emacs is a complete working environment -- you can stay within Emacs all day without leaving. The GNU Emacs Pocket Reference is a companion volume to O'Reilly's Learning GNU Emacs , which tells you how to get started with the GNU Emacs editor and, as you become more proficient, it will help you learn how to use Emacs more effectively. This small book, covering Emacs version 20, is a handy reference guide to the basic elements of this powerful editor, presenting the Emacs commands in an easy-to-use tabular format.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, IN : Cisco Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxiii, 421 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 004.6/8
    Keywords: Cisco IOS ; Computer networks ; Telecommunication ; Switching systems ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Cisco IOS 12.0 Switching Services is a comprehensive guide detailing available Cisco IOS switching alternatives. Cisco switching services range from fast switching and Netflow switching to LAN Emulation. This book describes how to configure routing between virtual LANs (VLANs) and teach how to effectively configure and implement VLANs on switches.
    Note: "Cisco documentation"--Cover. - Includes index
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, IN : Cisco Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xliii, 531 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 004.6
    Keywords: Cisco IOS ; Computer interfaces ; Computer networks ; Software configuration management ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Cisco IOS 12.0 Interface Configuration is a comprehensive guide detailing how to configure physical and virtual interfaces-the two types of interfaces supported on Cisco routers. It provides readers with the most current router task and command information for their network environments and teaches how to effectively implement these techniques and commands on their networks.
    Note: "Cisco documentation"--Cover. - Includes index
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Macmillan Computer Publishing | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxv, 1334 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    DDC: 005.75/65
    Keywords: Microsoft Access ; Database management ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Access 2000 Power Programming gives many practical techniques for the corporate and independent developer. New features of Access 2000 are covered thoroughly and useful examples which will be implemented by programmers in their everyday applications. New topics include a chapter devoted to Data Pages, Microsoft's way of bringing the Web interface into everyday office solutions. Also, a new chapter clarifies the confusion over ADP/MDB and DAO/ADO, including when and where to use each. The book covers a number of new additions to VBA which developers will need good exposure to in order to take advantage of them.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xx, 799 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: C++ (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The C++ standard library provides a set of common classes and interfaces that greatly extend the core C++ language. The library, however, is not self-explanatory. To make full use of its components-and to benefit from their power-you need a resource that does far more than list the classes and their functions. The C++ Standard Library not only provides comprehensive documentation of each library component, it also offers clearly written explanations of complex concepts, describes the practical programming details needed for effective use, and gives example after example of working code. This thoroughly up-to-date book reflects the newest elements of the C++ standard library incorporated into the full ANSI/ISO C++ language standard. In particular, the text focuses on the Standard Template Library (STL), examining containers, iterators, function objects, and STL algorithms. You will also find detailed coverage of special containers, strings, numerical classes, internationalization, and the IOStream library. Each component is presented in depth, with an introduction to its purpose and design, examples, a detailed description, traps and pitfalls, and the exact signature and definition of its classes and their functions. An insightful introduction to fundamental concepts and an overview of the library will help bring newcomers quickly up to speed. Comprehensive, detailed, readable, and practical, The C++ Standard Library is the C++ resource you will turn to again and again. An accompanying Web site, including source code, can be found at http://www.josuttis.com/. 0201379260B04062001
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [745]-746) and index
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxxiii, 587 p. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: C++ (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: In a concise and direct question-and-answer format, C++ FAQs, Second Edition brings you the most efficient solutions to more than four hundred of the practical programming challenges you face every day. Moderators of the on-line C++ FAQ at comp.lang.c++, Marshall Cline, Greg Lomow, and Mike Girou are familiar with C++ programmers' most pressing concerns. In this book, the authors concentrate on those issues most critical to the professional programmer's work, and they present more explanatory material and examples than is possible on-line. This book focuses on the effective use of C++, helping programmers avoid combining seemingly legal C++ constructs in incompatible ways. This second edition is completely up-to-date with the final ANSI/ISO C++ Standard. It covers some of the smaller syntax changes, such as "mutable"; more significant changes, such as RTTI and namespaces; and such major innovations as the C++ Standard Library, including the STL. In addition, this book discusses technologies such as Java, CORBA, COM/COM+, and ActiveX--and the relationship all of these have with C++. These new features and technologies are iconed to help you quickly find what is new and different in this edition. Each question-and-answer section contains an overview of the problem and solution, fuller explanations of concepts, directions for proper use of language features, guidelines for best practices and practices to avoid, and plenty of working, stand-alone examples. This edition is thoroughly cross-referenced and indexed for quick access. Get a value-added service! Try out all the examples from this book at www.codesaw.com. CodeSaw is a free online learning tool that allows you to experiment with live code from your book right in your browser. 0201309831B11102003
    Note: Includes index
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Sun Microsystems | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: v. 〈1 〉 , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: 3rd ed.
    DDC: 006.6/6
    Keywords: Java foundation classes ; Java (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 7966F-4 Graphic Java 2 is the most comprehensive guide to the Java Foundation Classes (JFC) available. Three volumes cover all aspects of the JFC providing java developers with the skills needed to build professional, cross platform applications that take full advantage of the Java Foundation Classes. The AWT is the cornerstone of the Java Foundation Classes. Volume 1 provides detailed descriptions of every aspect of the AWT, including: Event Handling Layout Managers Graphics, Colors & Fonts Image Manipulation Lightweight Components Data Transfer & Drag and Drop Double Buffering Sprite Animation Java expert David Geary provides clear and in-depth explanations of both fundamental and advanced AWT concepts. The layout manager chapter, for example, is over 100 pages long and includes what readers have called the best explanation of GridBagLayout on the planet. A GridBagLab application on the CD lets you explore GridBagLayout on your own. The accompanying CD-ROM includes all of the example code from the book, ready to run on Solaris(tm), Windows 95, Windows NT, and Macintosh along with the JDK(tm) for those platforms.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxv, 461 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: Java (Computer program language) ; Threads (Computer programs) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 1700G-6 The ultimate guide to multithreading with Java technology! Powerful techniques for enhancing application performance Multithreaded program design for network and Internet applications Extensive code examples throughout Multithreading gives developers using the Java 2 platform a powerful tool for dramatically improving the responsiveness and performance of their programs on any platform, even those without inherent multithreading support. Multithreaded Programming with Java Technology is the first complete guide to multithreaded development with the Java 2 platform. Multithreading experts Bil Lewis and Daniel J. Berg cover the underlying structures upon which threads are built; thread construction; and thread lifecycles, including birth, life, death, and cancellation. Next, using extensive code examples, they cover everything developers need to know to make the most of multithreading, including: Thread scheduling models and synchronization-with solutions for complex, real-world synchronization problems Multithreaded program design for networked and Internet applications Thread-specific data: use and implementation Leveraging OS libraries to make Java-based multithreading more effective Optimizing thread performance and designing for SMP hardware Powerful techniques and comprehensive example code for improving Java-based application performance with multithreading!
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 540 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: C (Computer program language) ; Computer algorithms ; Data structures (Computer science) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: There are many books on data structures and algorithms, including some with useful libraries of C functions. Mastering Algorithms with C offers you a unique combination of theoretical background and working code. With robust solutions for everyday programming tasks, this book avoids the abstract style of most classic data structures and algorithms texts, but still provides all of the information you need to understand the purpose and use of common programming techniques. Implementations, as well as interesting, real-world examples of each data structure and algorithm, are included. Using both a programming style and a writing style that are exceptionally clean, Kyle Loudon shows you how to use such essential data structures as lists, stacks, queues, sets, trees, heaps, priority queues, and graphs. He explains how to use algorithms for sorting, searching, numerical analysis, data compression, data encryption, common graph problems, and computational geometry. And he describes the relative efficiency of all implementations. The compression and encryption chapters not only give you working code for reasonably efficient solutions, they offer explanations of concepts in an approachable manner for people who never have had the time or expertise to study them in depth. Anyone with a basic understanding of the C language can use this book. In order to provide maintainable and extendible code, an extra level of abstraction (such as pointers to functions) is used in examples where appropriate. Understanding that these techniques may be unfamiliar to some programmers, Loudon explains them clearly in the introductory chapters. Contents include: Pointers Recursion Analysis of algorithms Data structures (lists, stacks, queues, sets, hash tables, trees, heaps, priority queues, graphs) Sorting and searching Numerical methods Data compression Data encryption Graph algorithms Geometric algorithms
    Note: "Useful techniques from sorting to encryption"--Cover. - Includes index
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: 523 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 005.2/76
    Keywords: HTML (Document markup language) ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Web sites ; Design ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Individuals, organizations, and businesses are relying on their web pages to provide and collect information, manage processes, and interact with communities and customers. A reliable, informative, and responsive web site can reduce cost, increase visibility, and create a positive image for the owner of that site. Behind every successful web page is an overworked and underappreciated webmaster. Webmasters make sure that the information on a site is accessible and usable; that the site is always available; that performance is good; that users can get the information that they need; and that the site can collect the information it needs to serve those users. These disparate tasks require many different tools and skills. Webmaster in a Nutshell pulls together in a single volume all the essential reference information for webmasters working on UNIX-based web servers. In this second edition of Webmaster in a Nutshell , we've updated our material to include the latest versions of HTML and Javascript, and also expanded the book to cover the newest technologies emerging on the Web. The book covers: HTML 4.0, with special attention to forms, tables and frames CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) XML, the next-generation markup language for the Web CGI, with a chapter dedicated to the Perl module CGI.pm JavaScript 1.2 PHP, the HTML-embedded programming language HTTP 1.1, the underlying protocol that drives the Web Apache server administration, including Apache modules mod_perl, the Apache module for enhancing CGI performance and providing a Perl interface to the Apache API Webmaster in a Nutshell , part of the bestselling O'Reilly series of reference books, makes it easy to find the information you want about the technologies you use. You'll keep your other books on the shelf; you'll keep Webmaster in a Nutshell next to your keyboard.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 296 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Series Statement: Technology series
    Keywords: Business enterprises ; Computer networks ; Security measures ; Computer networks ; Security measures ; Public key infrastructure (Computer security) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This book is a tutorial on, and a guide to the deployment of, Public-Key Infrastructures. It covers a broad range of material related to PKIs, including certification, operational considerations and standardization efforts, as well as deployment issues and considerations. Emphasis is placed on explaining the interrelated fields within the topic area, to assist those who will be responsible for making deployment decisions and architecting a PKI within an organization.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, IN : Macmillan Publishing | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xii, 257 p. ; , 24 cm
    Series Statement: Software engineering series
    DDC: 005.7/2
    Keywords: Computer software ; Development ; UML (Computer science) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: A UML Pattern Language pairs the software design pattern concept with the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to offer a tool set for software professionals practicing both system modeling and software development. This book provides: a collection of patterns in the domain of system modeling, including those that are useful to management, operations, and deployment teams, as well as to software developers; a survey of the development of patterns and the UML; a discussion of the underlying theory of the patterns and instructions for using the language; a thorough exploration of the design process and model-driven development. A UML Pattern Language recognizes that design and modeling have become equal partners with programming and coding in the enterprise of software development. Providing both an understanding of the work of design and the way patterns and the UML combine to facilitate design.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [241]-246) and index
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xviii, 560 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.7/2
    Keywords: Web sites ; Design ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Web Design in a Nutshell contains the nitty-gritty on everything you need to know to design Web pages. It's the good stuff, without the fluff, written and organized so that answers can be found quickly. Written by veteran Web designer Jennifer Niederst, this book provides quick access to the wide range of front-end technologies and techniques from which Web designers and authors must draw. It is an excellent reference for HTML 4.0 tags (including tables, frames, and Cascading Style Sheets) with special attention given to browser support and platform idiosyncrasies. The HTML section is more than a reference work, though. It details strange behavior in tables, for instance, and gives ideas and workarounds for using tables and frames on your site. Web Design in a Nutshell also covers multimedia and interactivity, audio and video, and emerging technologies like Dynamic HTML, XML, embedded fonts, and internationalization. The book includes: Discussions of the Web environment, monitors, and browsers A complete reference to HTML and Server Side Includes, including browser support for every tag and attribute Chapters on creating GIF, JPEG and PNG graphics, including designing with the Web Palette Information on multimedia and interactivity, including audio, video, Flash, Shockwave, and JavaScript Detailed tutorial and reference on Cascading Style Sheets, including an appendix of browser compatibility information Appendices detailing HTML tags, attributes, deprecated tags, proprietary tags, and CSS compatibility
    Note: Includes index
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Greensboro, N.C. : Center for Creative Leadership | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. ; , 23cm
    DDC: 658.4/092
    Keywords: Leadership ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: During times of personal and professional growth, you feel as if your learning and development were accelerated. What caused that acceleration? How do you keep the learning momentum going once the experience ends? This guidebook shows you how to enhance the value and impact of developmental experiences.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 26)
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, Ind., USA : H.W. Sams | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 820 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    Edition: 3rd ed.
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: C (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The Waite Group's C Primer Plus, Third edition, presents the ANSI C standard beginning with a discussion of the fundamentals of C programming and then continues on to illustrate real-world C programming concepts and techniques. The Waite Group's C Primer Plus, Third Edition, is jam-packed with hundreds of sample programs, challenging yet humorous examples, hints and quizzes. Get the latest information on migrating from C to C++ and find out what will change with the release of the new C ANSI/ISO standard. Learn the mechanics of C programming and how to create programs that are easy to read, debug and update using real-world, easy-to-follow examples.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxiii, 707 p. , ill. ; , 22 cm +
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Keywords: UNIX (Computer file) ; Data recovery (Computer science) ; Database management ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Unix Backup & Recovery provides a complete overview of all facets of Unix backup and recovery, and offers practical, affordable backup and recovery solutions for environments of all sizes and budgets. The book begins with detailed explanations of the native backup utilities available to the Unix administrator, and ends with practical advice on choosing a commercial backup utility. This book: Describes the features, limitations, and syntax of Unix backup and restore utilities,(including dump, tar, cpio, dd, GNUtar, and GNUcpio) for many popular versions of Unix, including AIX, Compaq Unix, HP-UX, IRIX, SCO, Solaris, and Linux Provides instructions for installing and configuring freely available backup systems such as AMANDA Includes ready-to-run shell scripts that automate live backups of Informix, Oracle, and Sybase databases Presents step-by-step recovery procedures for Oracle, Informix, and Sybase Presents step-by-step "bare-metal" disaster recovery procedures for AIX, Compaq Unix, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, and Linux Describes the design of "disaster recovery" and "highly available" systems Provides guidance on choosing a commercial backup and recovery system Describes the features and limitations of backup hardware
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: x, 120 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 005.75/85
    Keywords: Oracle (Computer file) ; Database management ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This concise book contains detailed information about Oracle internals -- information that's not readily available to Oracle customers. It lays a foundation for advanced performance tuning of the Oracle database. Based on Oracle8i release 8.1, the book describes many of the secrets of Oracle's internal services: data structures, algorithms, and undocumented Oracle system statistics. Main topics include: Waits - how Oracle processes communicate via semaphores, and how to use the Oracle wait statistics to identify the source of performance problems. Latches - how they keep multiple processes from inspecting protected data structures at the same time, and how to examine and control latch behavior and statistics. Locks - how they work with latches to protect data structures (locks allow multiple sessions to share resources in some cases), and how locks affect performance. There is also a detailed discussion of instance locks, which are used in parallel server environments. Memory - how Oracle uses memory (e.g., the various elements of the System Global Area), and how Oracle dynamically allocates and manages memory. Oracle8i Internal Services is aimed especially at administrators and developers who need detailed internal information to do advanced performance tuning. The book will expand your repertoire of tuning solutions and troubleshooting techniques by explaining how you can use Oracle's hidden parameters and undocumented system statistics to best advantage. NOTE: The author has collected the scripts he has developed for tuning and analysis into a toolkit (known as APT, for Advanced Performance Tuning). These scripts access the Oracle X$ tables directly and provide information not otherwise available. The scripts are available to readers for free from the O'Reilly web site.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxiv, 497 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Keywords: Groupware (Computer software) ; Internet programming ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Collaboration. From its academic roots to the bustling commerce sites of today, the Internet has always been about collaboration: providing a means for people to communicate and work together effectively. But how do you build effective tools for collaboration? How do you build tools that are simple enough for people to really use, yet powerful enough to really facilitate collaboration? In 1995 Jon Udell became executive editor for new media at BYTE magazine, taking on the challenge of building an online presence for a traditional print publication. In meeting this challenge, he discovered that he was managing an online community, not just an online publication. He discovered that he was building not just a set of documents, but a suite of Internet-based groupware applications in which editors, writers, and readers all participated. Practical Internet Groupware details the lessons learned from that experience. Drawn from the author's real world experience, Practical Internet Groupware describes the tools and technologies for building and rapidly deploying groupware applications, and also discusses the design philosophy and usability issues that determine the success or failure of any groupware endeavor. The key to success lies in using simple tools, often open source, that effectively blend in established Internet technologies that have always had a collaborative aspect (SMTP, NNTP) with new technologies that enhance our ability to manage collaborative documents (HTTP, XML). The result is an approach that codifies the idea that many web content providers have long suspected: yesterday's online content is fast becoming tomorrow's network-based applications. In this book you'll learn how to: Base groupware on standard Internet technologies (mail servers, news servers, and web servers) Use simple server- and client-side scripts to automate creation, presentation, transmission, and search of electronic documents Create a base of documents that contain semi-structured data representing much of the intellectual capital of an enterprise Deploy these solutions in a way that scales from groups of a few collaborators to communities of thousands of users If you've ever been disappointed watching a commercial groupware system used as little more than an expensive email client, or if you've ever wondered how to transform simple email, news, or web clients from document viewers into collaboration tools, then Practical Internet Groupware is for you.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 560 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.75/65
    Keywords: Oracle (Computer file) ; Relational databases ; SQL (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Oracle database administration requires a vast amount of information and an ability to perform a myriad of tasks--from installation to tuning to network troubleshooting to overall daily administration. Oracle provides many tools for performing these tasks; the trick is knowing what tool is right for the job, what commands you need to issue (and when), and what parameters and privileges you need to set. And, as every DBA knows, you need to know how do all this under pressure, while you face crisis after crisis. This book provides a concise reference to the enormous store of information an Oracle DBA needs every day (as well as what's needed only when disaster strikes). It's crammed full of quick-reference tables, task lists, and other summary material that both novice and expert DBAs will use time and time again. It covers the commands and operations new to Oracle8, but also provides Oracle7 information for sites still running earlier versions. Oracle Database Administration provides two types of material: DBA tasks--chapters summarizing how to perform critical DBA functions: installation, performance tuning, preventing data loss, networking, security and monitoring, auditing, query optimization, and the use of various Oracle tools and utilities DBA reference--chapters providing a quick reference to the Oracle instance and database, the initialization (INIT.ORA) parameters, the SQL statements commonly used by DBAs, the data dictionary tables, the system privileges and roles, and the SQL*Plus, Export, Import, and SQL*Loader syntax The book also includes a resource summary with references to additional books, Web sites, and other online and offline resources of special use to Oracle DBAs. Oracle Database Administration is the single essential reference you'll turn to again and again. If you must choose only one book to use at the office, keep at home, or carry to a site you're troubleshooting, this will be that book. Visit the catalog page for Oracle Database Administration: The Essential RefeVisit the errata page for Oracle Database Administration: The Essential RefeDownload the supplemental electronic content for Oracle Database Administration: The Essential Refe
    Note: "A quick reference for the Oracle DBA"--Cover. - "Covers Oracle7 and Oracle 8"--Cover. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 523-526)
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxvi, 568 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: The Java series
    Keywords: Java (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: All of Java's Input/Output (I/O) facilities are based on streams, which provide simple ways to read and write data of different types. Java provides many different kinds of streams, each with its own application. The universe of streams is divided into four large categories: input streams and output streams, for reading and writing binary data; and readers and writers, for reading and writing textual (character) data. You're almost certainly familiar with the basic kinds of streams--but did you know that there's a CipherInputStream for reading encrypted data? And a ZipOutputStream for automatically compressing data? Do you know how to use buffered streams effectively to make your I/O operations more efficient? Java I/O tells you all you ever need to know about streams--and probably more. A discussion of I/O wouldn't be complete without treatment of character sets and formatting. Java supports the UNICODE standard, which provides definitions for the character sets of most written languages. Consequently, Java is the first programming language that lets you do I/O in virtually any language. Java also provides a sophisticated model for formatting textual and numeric data. Java I/O shows you how to control number formatting, use characters aside from the standard (but outdated) ASCII character set, and get a head start on writing truly multilingual software. Java I/O includes: Coverage of all I/O classes and related classes In-depth coverage of Java's number formatting facilities and its support for International character sets
    Note: Includes index
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: v, 94 p. , ill. ; , 18 cm
    Keywords: Oracle (Computer file) ; PL/SQL (Computer program language) ; Relational databases ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This pocket reference provides quick-reference information that will help you use Oracle's PL/SQL language. It is a companion to Steven Feuerstein and Bill Pribyl's bestselling book, Oracle PL/SQL Programming , and includes coverage of the latest version of Oracle, Oracle8i. Oracle is the most popular database management system in use today, and PL/SQL plays a pivotal role in current and projected Oracle products and applications. PL/SQL provides procedural extensions to the SQL relational database language and to an ever-growing number of Oracle development tools. It offers a myriad of data types, and such features as cursors, loops, conditional and sequential control statements, exception handlers, records, tables, and constructs for developing modular code (functions, procedures, and packages). Originally a rather limited tool, PL/SQL became with Oracle7 a mature and effective language for developers. Now, with the introduction of Oracle8, PL/SQL has taken the next step towards becoming a fully realized programming language providing sophisticated object-oriented capabilities. The book on which this pocket reference is based, Oracle PL/SQL Programming , filled a huge gap in the Oracle market, providing developers with a single, comprehensive guide to building applications with PL/SQL -- and building them the right way. That book has become the bible for PL/SQL developers who have raved about its completeness, readability, and practicality. The book is packed with strategies, code architectures, tips, techniques, and fully realized code. The second edition of the book updated the text with the new Oracle8 PL/SQL features, including object types, collections, external procedures, and large object data types and functions. The pocket reference boils down the most vital information from the large (nearly 1000 pages) book into an accessible quick reference that summarizes the basics of PL/SQL -- its block structure, fundamental language elements (e.g., identifiers, declarations, defaults), data structures (including Oracle8 objects), and statements for program control, loops, exception handling, and database access. It also covers the the basics of using Oracle's procedures, functions, and packages, and the latest features for Oracle8i.
    Note: Includes Oracle8
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly & Associates | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 319 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    Series Statement: The Java series
    DDC: 005.2/762
    Keywords: Java (Computer program language) ; Threads (Computer programs) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Threads aren't a new idea: many operating systems and languages support them. But despite widespread support, threads tend to be something that everyone talks about, but few use. Programming with threads has a reputation for being tricky and nonportable. Not so with Java. Java's thread facilities are easy to use, and--like everything else in Java--are completely portable between platforms. And that's a good thing, because it's impossible to write anything but the simplest applet without encountering threads. If you want to work with Java, you have to learn about threads. This new edition shows you how to take full advantage of Java's thread facilities: where to use threads to increase efficiency, how to use them effectively, and how to avoid common mistakes. Java Threads discusses problems like deadlock, race condition, and starvation in detail, helping you to write code without hidden bugs. It brings you up to date with the latest changes in the thread interface for JDK 1.2. The book offers a thorough discussion of the Thread and ThreadGroup classes, the Runnable interface, the language's synchronized operator. It explains thread scheduling ends by developing a CPUSchedule class, showing you how to implement your own scheduling policy. In addition, Java Threads shows you how to extend Java's thread primitives. Other extended examples include classes that implement reader/writer locks, general locks, locks at arbitrary scope, and asynchronous I/O. This edition also adds extensive examples on thread pools, advanced synchronization technique, like condition variables, barriers, and daemon locks. It shows how to work with classes that are not thread safe, and pays special attention to threading issues with Swing. A new chapter shows you how to write parallel code for multiprocessor machines. In short, Java Threads covers everything you need to know about threads, from the simplest animation applet to the most complex applications. If you plan to do any serious work in Java, you will find this book invaluable. Examples available online. Covers Java 2.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Que | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 889 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    Keywords: Microsoft Visual C++ ; C++ (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Practical C++ provides the essential pieces of C++ programming information needed by beginning-intermediate programmers to execute the most frequently used tasks and functions. Each chapter is a task-oriented module covering a group of related features or tasks full of real-world, practical examples. Practical C++ provides a complete condensed package of easily navigable reference tutorial information on C++.
    Note: ELECTRONIC BOOK. - Includes index. - Previously published as: Using C++
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis : Que | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxvi, 1402 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: Special ed.
    DDC: 652.5/5369
    Keywords: Microsoft Word ; Word processing ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This best-seller is totally updated for Word 2000. With more in depth coverage of intermediate and advanced features than ever before, this is the most valuable edition ever and the perfect book for readers ready to grow beyond the basics of Word. This edition includes over 475 exclusive "signature tips", projects at the end of every chapter showing Word 2000 put to work to solve complex document challenges, and more coverage than ever of troubleshooting difficult Word features
    Note: CD-ROM includes WOPR 2000--Woody's Office Power Pack 2000, complete electronic copy of Special edition using Microsoft Word 2000, additional book chapters on Office 2000 programs, third-party software, and Que's Special edition WOPR 2000 pack installation. - Includes index
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xvi, 366 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: Python (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Learning Python is an introduction to the increasingly popular Python programming language. Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented scripting language. Python is growing in popularity because: It is available on all important platforms: Windows NT, Windows 95, Windows 98, Linux, all major UNIX platforms, MacOS, and even the BeOS. It is open-source software, copyrighted but freely available for use, even in commercial applications. Its clean object-oriented interface makes it a valuable prototyping tool for C++ programmers. It works well with all popular windowing toolkits, including MFC, Tk, Mac, X11, and Motif. Learning Python is written by Mark Lutz, author of Programming Python and Python Pocket Reference ; and David Ascher, a vision scientist and Python user. This book starts with a thorough introduction to the elements of Python: types, operators, statements, classes, functions, modules, and exceptions. By reading the first part of the book, the reader will be able to understand and construct programs in the Python language. In the second part of the book, the authors present more advanced information, demonstrating how Python performs common tasks and presenting real applications and the libraries available for those applications. All the examples use the Python interpreter, so the reader can type them in and get instant feedback. Each chapter ends with a series of exercises. Solutions to the exercises are in an appendix.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xv, 530 p. , ill. ; , 25 cm. +
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.75/85
    Keywords: Oracle (Computer file) ; Electronic data processing ; Distributed processing ; SQL/ORACLE (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Any organization that uses the Oracle relational database management system (RDBMS) these days needs to use multiple databases. There are many reasons to use more than a single database in a distributed database system: Different databases may be associated with particular business functions, such as manufacturing or human resources. Databases may be aligned with geographical boundaries, such as a behemoth database at a headquarters site and smaller databases at regional offices. Two different databases may be required to access the same data in different ways, such as an order entry database whose transactions are aggregated and analyzed in a data warehouse. A busy Internet commerce site may create multiple copies of the same database to attain horizontal scalability. A copy of a production database may be created to serve as a development test bed. Tunability Platform autonomy Fault tolerance Scalability Location transparency Site autonomy Introduction to Distributed Database Systems SQL*Net and Net8 Configuration and Administration Distributed Database Security Designing the Distributed System Oracle's Distributed System Implementation Sample Configurations 8. Engineering Considerations Oracle Replication Architecture Advanced Replication Option Installation Basic Replication Multi-Master Replication Updateable Snapshots Procedural Replication Conflict Avoidance and Resolution Techniques In a distributed database environment, data in two or more databases is accessible as if it were in a single database. Usually, the different databases are on different servers, which may be located at the same site or a continent away. Communication between the servers takes place via SQL*Net (for Oracle7) or Net8 (for Oracle8). Distributed database environments offer a number of benefits over single- database systems, including: This book describes how you can use multiple databases and the distributed features of Oracle to best advantage. It covers: Table of contents: Part I: The Distributed System Part II: Replication Part III: Appendixes Appendix A: Built-in Packages for Distributed Systems Appendix B: Scripts
    Note: "Includes advanced replication in Oracle7 & Oracle8"--Cover. - Includes index
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Que | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 765 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: Special ed.
    DDC: 006.6/869
    Keywords: Microsoft PowerPoint (Computer file) ; Presentation graphics software ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Special Edition Using Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 gives practical advice on how to set up a "designer" look presentation and how to develop the most effective presentation for your audience. You will learn what types of other considerations should be made when developing a presentation, including assessing the intended audience, assessing the size and shape of the conference room to be used, how to decide what colors to use, when to use graphics and more.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, IN : SAMS | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxi, 481 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 4th ed.
    DDC: 005.7/2
    Keywords: HTML (Document markup language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Sams Teach Yourself HTML 4 in 24 Hours, Fourth Edition, is a carefully organized tutorial that teaches the beginning Web page author just what you need to know in order to get a Web page up in the shortest time possible. The book covers only those HTML tags and technologies that are likely to be used on a beginner's Web page, and it is organized in a logical step-by-step order. This new edition updates coverage of new Web publishing technologies. Refined and reworked parts of the book to make it even more clear and straightforward for beginners.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 386-391) and index
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xii, 132 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 303.3/4
    Keywords: Leadership ; Self-actualization (Psychology) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: A brief inexpensive paperback on self-management. KEY TOPICS: This book explores methods for achieving personal goals using self-assessment, self-reward, and self-punishment concepts and exercises. This revision includes a new chapter on Self Leadership within Teams. The practical, applied assessment exercises and activities both build and reinforce the skills all managers need to manage themselves and employees.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, IN, USA : Cisco Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxvii, 926 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 004.6/8
    Keywords: Local area networks (Computer networks) ; Telecommunication ; Switching systems ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The most complete guide to Cisco Catalyst(r) switch network design, operation, and configuration Master key foundation topics such as high-speed LAN technologies, LAN segmentation, bridging, the Catalyst command-line environment, and VLANs Improve the performance of your campus network by utilizing effective Cisco Catalyst design, configuration, and troubleshooting techniques Benefit from the most comprehensive coverage of Spanning-Tree Protocol, including invaluable information on troubleshooting common Spanning Tree problems Master trunking concepts and applications, including ISL, 802.1Q, LANE, and MPOA Understand when and how to utilize Layer 3 switching techniques for maximum effect Understand Layer 2 and Layer 3 switching configuration with the Catalyst 6000 family, including coverage of the powerful MSFC Native IOS Mode Cisco LAN Switching provides the most comprehensive coverage of the best methods for designing, utilizing, and deploying LAN switching devices and technologies in a modern campus network. Divided into six parts, this book takes you beyond basic switching concepts by providing an array of proven design models, practical implementation solutions, and troubleshooting strategies. Part I discusses important foundation issues that provide a context for the rest of the book, including Fast and Gigabit Ethernet, routing versus switching, the types of Layer 2 switching, the Catalyst command-line environment, and VLANs. Part II presents the most detailed discussion of Spanning-Tree Protocol in print, including common problems, troubleshooting, and enhancements, such as PortFast, UplinkFast, BackboneFast, and PVST+. Part III examines the critical issue of trunk connections, the links used to carry multiple VLANs through campus networks. Entire chapters are dedicated to LANE and MPOA. Part IV addresses advanced features, such as Layer 3 switching, VTP, and CGMP and IGMP. Part V covers real-world campus design and implementation issues, allowing you to benefit from the collective advice of many LAN switching experts. Part VI discusses issues specific to the Catalyst 6000/6500 family of switches, including the powerful Native IOS Mode of Layer 3 switching. Several features in Cisco LAN Switching are designed to reinforce concepts covered in the book and to help you prepare for the CCIE exam. In addition to the practical discussion of advanced switching issues, this book also contains case studies that highlight real-world design, impl...
    Note: Includes index
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xx, 409 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    Keywords: Microsoft Access ; Database design ; Database management ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: When using software products with graphical interfaces, we frequently focus so much on the details of how to use the interface that we forget about the more general concepts that allow us to understand and put the software to effective use. This is particularly true of a powerful database product like Microsoft Access. Novice, and sometimes even experienced, programmers are so concerned with how something is done in Access that they often lose sight of the general principles that underlie their database applications. Access Database Design & Programming, 2nd Edition, an update to the bestselling first edition, features: A discussion of Access' new VBA Integrated Development Environment, which, for the first time, is the one used by Word, Excel, and PowerPoint An expansion of the discussion of the VBA language itself, in response to reader requests A discussion of Microsoft's latest data access technology, called Active Data Objects (or ADO), along with a discussion of Open Database Connectivity(ODBC), which is intimately connected with ADO Unlike other Access books that take the long, detailed approach to every topic of concern to Access programmers, this book focuses instead on the core concepts, enabling programmers to develop solid, effective database applications. As a result, important topics such as designing forms and reports, database security, database replication, and programming for multiuser applications are simply not discussed. This book is a kind of "second course" in Access that provides a relatively experienced Access user who is new to programming with the frequently overlooked techniques necessary to successfully develop in the Microsoft Access environment. Anyone interested in learning Access in-depth, rather than just scraping the surface, will enjoy and immensely benefit from reading this book. Although this book is really an introduction directed to intermediate Microsoft Access users who are novice programmers, it should appeal to all levels of Access developers. For novice programmers, it focuses on a key body of knowledge that is typically neglected, but is nevertheless essential for developing effective database applications. For intermediate and advanced developers, its treatment of database design and queries provides a handy treatment that otherwise has to be gleaned from relatively uninteresting textbooks, while its programming chapters constitute a handy reference to some basic operations that can be perform...
    Note: "What you really need to know to develop with Access"--Cover. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 395) and index
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, IN, USA : Cisco Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxxvii, 250 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 004.68
    Keywords: Cisco IOS ; Computer networks ; Management ; Quality control ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Cisco IOS 12.0 Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide is a comprehensive guide detailing available Cisco IOS quality of service (QoS) features. This book suggests benefits you can gain from implementing Cisco IOS QoS features, and describes how to effectively configure and implement the various QoS features. Some of the features described in this book include Committed Access Rate (CAR), Weighted Fair Queueing (WFQ), and Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED), as well as many other features.
    Note: "Cisco documentation"--Cover. - Includes index
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 300 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.7/2
    Keywords: Application software ; Development ; UML (Computer science) ; Web site development ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Building Web Applications with UML is a guide to building robust, scalable, and feature-rich web applications using proven object-oriented techniques. Written for the project manager, architect, analyst, designer, and programmer of web applications, this book examines the unique aspects of modeling web applications with the Web Application Extension (WAE) for the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The UML has been widely accepted as the standard modeling language for software systems, and as a result is often the best option for modeling web application designs. The WAE extends the UML notation with semantics and constraints enabling developers to model web-specific architectural elements using the Rational Unified Process or an alternative methodology. Using UML allows developers to model their web applications as a part of the complete system and the business logic that must be reflected in the application. Readers will gain not only an understanding of the modeling process, but also the ability to map models directly into code. Key topics include: A basic introduction to web servers, browsers, HTTP, and HTML Gathering requirements and defining the system's use cases Transforming requirements into a model and then a design that maps directly into components of the system Defining the architecture of a web application with an examination of three architectural patterns describing architectures for thin web client, thick web client, and web delivery designs Modeling, at the appropriate level of abstraction and detail, the appropriate artifacts, including web application pages, page relationships, navigate routes, client-side scripts, and server-side generation Creating code from UML models using ASP and VBScript Client-side scripting using DHTML, Java Script, VBScript, Applets, ActiveX controls, and DOM Using client/server protocols including DCOM, CORBA/IIOP, and Java's RMI Securing a web application with SET, SSL, PGP, Certificates, and Certificate Authorities 0201615770B04062001
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: 343 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.4/32
    Keywords: Linux ; UNIX (Computer file) ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Linux and Open Source are attracting unprecedented attention in the high tech world. Debian GNU/Linux is a remarkable demonstration of what the Open Source model can produce: Debian is an all volunteer organization, and their distribution contains only open-source software. This exciting new world can be intimidating for those whose primary computing experience is Microsoft Windows. In Learning Debian/GNU Linux , Bill McCarty has written a book for this new audience, aimed at introducing them to a Unix style operating system. Learning Debian GNU/Linux will guide any new user of Linux through the installing and use of Debian GNU/Linux, the entirely Open Source version of the Linux operating system. It demystifies Linux in terms familiar to Windows users and gives readers only what they need to start being successful users of Linux. Learning Debian GNU/Linux takes the reader step by step through the process of installing and setting up a Debian system, and provides a thorough but gentle introduction to the basics of using Debian GNU/Linux. Because the book is written specifically for the included CD, the reader needs nothing else to get started with this exciting new operating system.
    Note: "A guide to Debian GNU/Linux for new users"--Cover. - "Includes Debian GNU/Linux on CD-ROM'--Cover. - Disc: Debian 2.1; bootable CD-ROM. - Glossary (p. 319-321). - Title on disc: Debian gnu-linux. - Includes index (p. 323-343)
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall PTR | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xix, 135 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 004.6/6
    Keywords: Computer storage devices ; Fibre Channel (Standard) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 1022B-8 Master Fibre Channel, the next-generation standard for enterprise storage! With Fibre Channel, you can suddenly scale your storage systems from gigabytes to terabytes, and improve performance at the same time -- all without disrupting systems, networks, or applications. Fibre Channel for Mass Storage walks you step-by-step through the basics of Fibre Channel technology, and demonstrates how to deploy Hewlett Packard's advanced Fibre Channel products to address your most critical enterprise storage challenges. Coverage includes: Why Fibre Channel has become the enterprise storage technology of choice Fibre Channel's architecture and six functional levels Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL) -- an exceptionally effective storage system topology Peripheral devices, logical units, and volume set addressing Essential addressing techniques for integrating Fibre Channel with HP-UX Fibre Channel for Mass Storage introduces Hewlett-Packard's state-of-the-art Fibre Channel product family, beginning with Tachyon(r), the industry's first Fibre Channel controller fully integrated on a single chip. Learn about Hewlett-Packard's Fibre Channel adapters for K-Class, T-Class, D-Class, and V-Class Enterprise Servers and parallel clusters; hubs, disk arrays, SCSI multiplexers, and more. Finally, preview the future of Fibre Channel: faster fiber rates, hunt groups, multicast groups, classes of service, and beyond. Whether you're implementing Fibre Channel, planning for it, or simply need to understand it, Fibre Channel for Mass Storage has all the answers you're looking for.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 127) and index
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xix, 488 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm. +
    DDC: 005.6
    Keywords: Java virtual machine ; Java (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The core of Java technology, the Java virtual machine is an abstract computing machine that enables the Java platform to host applications on any computer or operating system without rewriting or recompiling. Anyone interested in designing a language or writing a compiler for the Java virtual machine must have an in-depth understanding of its binary class format and instruction set. If you are programming with the Java programming language, knowledge of the Java virtual machine will give you valuable insight into the Java platform's security capabilities and cross-platform portability. It will increase your understanding of the Java programming language, enabling you to improve the security and performance of your programs. The author employs a tutorial approach that provides a detailed look into the central workings of the technology and teaches the reader how to write real programs for the Java virtual machine. He describes methods for becoming a better programmer through an advanced understanding of the Java virtual machine and Java technology. Programming for the Java Virtual Machine offers comprehensive coverage of all the major elements of the Java virtual machine--classes and objects, control instructions, debugging, class loaders, compiling the Java programming language, performance issues, security, and threads and synchronization. The book provides an introduction to the Java Virtual Machine Specification (JVMS), with a collection of topics that help programmers understand the Java virtual machine and the JVMS better. In addition, the book features implementations of Prolog and Scheme, a language that runs on top of the Java virtual machine, generating Java virtual machine code as it runs and using a Java virtual machine class loader to load the generated code into the system. You will find detailed information on such topics as: The Java virtual machine verification algorithm How Java virtual machine security works, and what it can and can't do Using class loaders to incorporate code and dynamically generated code from the Internet, the Java Foundation Classes, database queries, and other languages The mechanics of compiling the Java programming language for the Java virtual machine Implementing other languages using the Java virtual machine, including Scheme, Prolog, Sather, Eiffel, and regular expressions Numerous examples illustrate techniques and concepts, and exercises with solutions help you gain practical experience. 02013097...
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: iii, 107 p. ; , 18 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.7/2
    Keywords: World Wide Web ; XML (Document markup language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: XML, the Extensible Markup Language, is the next-generation markup language for the Web. It provides a more structured (and therefore more powerful) medium than HTML, allowing us to define new document types and stylesheets as needed. Although the generic tags of HTML are sufficient for everyday text, XML gives us a way to add rich, well-defined markup to electronic documents. The XML Pocket Reference is both a handy introduction to XML terminology and syntax, and a quick reference to XML instructions, attributes, entities, and datatypes. It also covers XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language), necessary to ensure that your XML documents have a consistent look and feel across platforms. Although XML itself is complex, its basic concepts are simple. This small book acts both as a perfect tutorial for learning the basics of XML, and as a reference to the XML and XSL specifications.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 241 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.75/85
    Keywords: Oracle (Computer file) ; Database design ; Internet programming ; PL/SQL (Computer program language) ; Web sites ; Design ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This compact guide provides the jump-start Oracle developers need to make the transition from traditional programming to the development of useful Web applications for Oracle8i. Even readers who start out knowing nothing about HTML, PL/SQL, or Oracle's other tools will learn how to create simple Web applications in a matter of days. The book focuses on Oracle8i, but also covers Web development for earlier Oracle versions (Oracle8 and Oracle7). Background: The explosion in the use of the Internet and the Web has resulted in a whole new way of doing business. Developers who only yesterday were using COBOL to write accounts payable systems are now being asked to create a broad range of new Internet-based applications ranging from electronic commerce (e-commerce) Web sites to internal data warehouses to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Unfortunately, the filesystem architectures of most Web systems aren't up to the task. The new breed of Web applications -- which are quickly becoming critical resources that companies need to survive -- demand a platform that provides production-quality tools for content management, application development, and application integration. And current Web techniques are inadequate in many ways. Oracle8i, Oracle's "Internet database," gives Web developers a way to build Web technology on top of a relational database, rather than on a traditional filesystem. With Oracle8i, companies can apply well understood, reliable, production-quality database methodologies to Web content management. Oracle8i also supports a wide variety of application development platforms and tools that are tightly integrated to the core database. Finally, Oracle8i supports technologies that help companies tie their Web-based applications into legacy applications. There is a lot to learn in Oracle8i. Not only does it enhance basic database features, it introduces Java and a variety of Web development tools. Oracle8i provides a soup-to-nuts platform for Web site and Web application development that extends traditional database concepts to Web content. It replaces the traditional filesystem used by most Web servers with a database management system. Many users are intimidated by the vast array of new technologies in Oracle8i. And yet, they are under pressure to use these technologies to build complex Web applications right now. This book gives such users a way to start using Oracle8i immediately to create useful Web applications. It is a co...
    Note: "Covers Oracle8i"--Cover. - "What you need to know about PL/SQL, HTML, XML, WebDB, & OAS"--Cover. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-232) and index
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: viii, 272 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Keywords: Linux ; Open source software ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Freely available source code, with contributions from thousands of programmers around the world: this is the spirit of the software revolution known as Open Source. Open Source has grabbed the computer industry's attention. Netscape has opened the source code to Mozilla; IBM supports Apache; major database vendors haved ported their products to Linux. As enterprises realize the power of the open-source development model, Open Source is becoming a viable mainstream alternative to commercial software.Now in Open Sources , leaders of Open Source come together for the first time to discuss the new vision of the software industry they have created. The essays in this volume offer insight into how the Open Source movement works, why it succeeds, and where it is going.For programmers who have labored on open-source projects, Open Sources is the new gospel: a powerful vision from the movement's spiritual leaders. For businesses integrating open-source software into their enterprise, Open Sources reveals the mysteries of how open development builds better software, and how businesses can leverage freely available software for a competitive business advantage.The contributors here have been the leaders in the open-source arena: Brian Behlendorf (Apache) Kirk McKusick (Berkeley Unix) Tim O'Reilly (Publisher, O'Reilly & Associates) Bruce Perens (Debian Project, Open Source Initiative) Tom Paquin and Jim Hamerly (mozilla.org, Netscape) Eric Raymond (Open Source Initiative) Richard Stallman (GNU, Free Software Foundation, Emacs) Michael Tiemann (Cygnus Solutions) Linus Torvalds (Linux) Paul Vixie (Bind) Larry Wall (Perl) This book explains why the majority of the Internet's servers use open- source technologies for everything from the operating system to Web serving and email. Key technology products developed with open-source software have overtaken and surpassed the commercial efforts of billion dollar companies like Microsoft and IBM to dominate software markets. Learn the inside story of what led Netscape to decide to release its source code using the open-source mode. Learn how Cygnus Solutions builds the world's best compilers by sharing the source code. Learn why venture capitalists are eagerly watching Red Hat Software, a company that gives its key product -- Linux -- away.For the first time in print, this book presents the story of the open- source phenomenon told by the people who created this movement. Open Sources will bring you i...
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xvi, 369 p. ; , 23 cm. +
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 005.7/13769
    Keywords: Apache (Computer file : Apache Group) ; Web servers ; Computer programs ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The freeware Apache web server runs on about half of the world's existing web sites, and it is rapidly increasing in popularity. Apache: The Definitive Guide , written and reviewed by key members of the Apache Group, is the only complete guide on the market today that describes how to obtain, set up, and secure the Apache software. Apache was originally based on code and ideas found in the most popular HTTP server of the time: NCSA httpd 1.3 (early 1995). It has since evolved into a far superior system that can rival (and probably surpass) almost any other Unix-based HTTP server in terms of functionality, efficiency, and speed. The new version now includes support for Win32 systems. This new second edition of Apache: The Definitive Guide fully describes Windows support and all the other Apache 1.3 features. Contents include: The history of the Apache Group Obtaining and compiling the server Configuring and running Apache on Unix and Windows, including such topics as directory structures, virtual hosts, and CGI programming The Apache 1.3 Module API Apache security A complete list of configuration directives With Apache: The Definitive Guide , web administrators new to Apache can get up to speed more quickly than ever before by working through the tutorial demo. Experienced administrators and CGI programmers, and web administrators moving from Unix to Windows, will find the reference sections indispensable. Apache: The Definitive Guide is the definitive documentation for the world's most popular web server. Includes CD-ROM with Apache manuals and demo sites discussed in the book.
    Note: Accompanying CD-ROM can be read by both Win32 and Unix systems and contains Apache distributions for Unix and Windows and the demonstration web sites referred to throughout the book. - Includes index
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxi, 502 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.75/65
    Keywords: Oracle (Computer file) ; Database management ; SQL*PLUS (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This book is the definitive guide to SQL*Plus. If you want to take best advantage of the power and flexibility of this popular Oracle tool, you need this book. SQL*Plus is an interactive query tool that is ubiquitous in the Oracle world. It is present in every Oracle installation and is available to almost every Oracle developer and database administrator. SQL*Plus has been shipped with Oracle since at least version 6. It continues to be supported and enhanced with each new version of Oracle, including Oracle8 and Oracle8i. It is still the only widely available tool for writing SQL scripts. Despite this wide availability and usage, few developers and DBAs know how powerful SQL*Plus really is. This book introduces SQL*Plus, includes a quick reference to all of its syntax options, and, most important, provides chapters that describe, in step-by-step fashion, how to perform all of the tasks that Oracle developers and DBAs want to perform with SQL*Plus -- and maybe some they didn't realize they COULD perform with SQL*Plus. You will learn how to write and execute script files, generate ad hoc reports, extract data from the database, query the data dictionary tables, customize your SQL*Plus environment, and use the SQL*Plus administrative features (new in Oracle8i). This book is an indispensable resource for readers who are new to SQL*Plus, a task-oriented learning tool for those who are already using it, and a quick reference for every user. A table of contents follows: Preface Introduction to SQL*Plus Interacting with SQL*Plus Generating Reports with SQL*Plus Writing SQL*Plus Scripts Extracting Data with SQL*Plus Exploring Your Database with SQL*Plus Advanced Scripting Tuning and Timing The Product User Profile Administration with SQL*Plus Customizing Your SQL*Plus Environment A. SQL*Plus Command Reference B. Connect Strings and the SQL*Plus Command Appendices
    Note: Includes index
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, Calif. : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 454 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Keywords: GIMP (Computer file) ; Computer graphics ; Perl (Computer program language) ; Web sites ; Design ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: From access counters and log-report graphs to scientific plots and on-the-fly animated GIFs, graphics scripting is within the grasp of most Web authors. It is a little documented field, however, and the many valuable free libraries and tools available on the Internet remain under-utilized. Programming Web Graphics with Perl & GNU Software is aimed at intermediate and advanced Web users who want to use CGI scripts to generate dynamic graphic content. It will also help to demystify the manipulation of graphics formats for newcomers to the Web. Programming Web Graphics with Perl & GNU Software takes a practical, resource-like approach to the content. It is not a book about design or aesthetics of Web graphics; its focus is on programming or, more accurately, scripting programs that manipulate graphics file to be published on the Web. Most of the examples in the book use Perl as a scripting language, though the concepts are applicable to any programming language. However, several powerful Perl modules for generating graphics (GD, PerlMagick, GIFgraph) should help position Perl as a major contender for your Web graphics applications. Most of the topics covered in the book are applicable to any platform (NT, Linux, Un*x, MaxOS), with the exception of the chapter detailing the Gnu Image Manipulation Program (a free Adobe Photoshop-like application), which requires a connection to an X server. The focus is always on free software, when it is available. This book covers the following: a tour through the most popular Web graphics file formats by implementing parsers for GIF, JPEG, and PNG files descriptions of the PNG, JPEG, and giflib libraries, as well as many other free and proprietary libraries and SDKs extensive documentation and examples using the Perl graphics modules GD and GIFgraph, and the Perl interface to the powerful ImageMagick libraries documentation on the Gnu Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) and the Perl interface that lets you easily script plug-ins or interface to the GIMP via the Web the creation of image maps from data extracted from a database the implementation of several new Perl modules for the creation of neatly formatted PostScript files details on interfacing to a fax gateway reusable recipes for many popular applications such as Web counters and Web cams the creation of animated GIFs on-the-fly One of the key ingredients to the success of the Web is that anyone who wanted to could participate in publishing to the wo...
    Note: Includes index
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xv, 487 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.75/85
    Keywords: Database management ; Relational databases ; SQL (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: MySQL and mSQL are popular and robust database products that support key subsets of SQL on both Linux and Unix systems. Both products are free for nonprofit use and cost a small amount for commercial use. Even a small organization or web site has uses for a database. Perhaps you keep track of all your customers and find that your information is outgrowing the crude, flat-file format you started with. Or you want to ask your web site's visitors for their interests and preferences and put up a fresh web page that tallies the results. Unlike commercial databases, MySQL and mSQL are affordable and easy to use. If you know basic C, Java, Perl, or Python, you can quickly write a program to interact with your database. In addition, you can embed queries and updates right in an HTML file so that a web page becomes its own interface to the database. This book is all you need to make use of MySQL or mSQL. It takes you through the whole process from installation and configuration to programming interfaces and basic administration. Includes reference chapters and ample tutorial material. Topics include: Introductions to simple database design and SQL Building, installation, and configuration Basic programming APIs for C, C++, Java (JDBC), Perl, and Python CGI programming with databases in C and Perl Web interfaces: PHP, W3-mSQL, Lite, and mSQLPerl
    Note: "Databases for moderate-sized organizations & web sites"--Cover. - Includes index
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, Calif. : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xvi, 357 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Keywords: Tk toolkit ; Perl (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Learning Perl/Tk is a tutorial for Perl/Tk, the extension to Perl for creating graphical user interfaces. With Tk, Perl programs can be window-based rather than command-line based, with buttons, entry fields, listboxes, menus, and scrollbars. Originally developed for the Tcl language, the Perl port of the Tk toolkit liberates Perl programmers from the world of command-line options, STDIN, and STDOUT, allowing them to build graphical, event-driven applications for both Windows and UNIX. This book is aimed at Perl novices and experts alike. It explains the reasoning behind event-driven applications and drills in guidelines on how to best design graphical applications. It teaches how to implement and configure each of the Perl/Tk graphical elements step-by-step. Special attention is given to the geometry managers, which are needed to position each button, menu, label and listbox in the window frame. Although this book does not teach basic Perl, anyone who has written even the simplest Perl program should be able to learn Tk from this book. The writing is breezy and informal, and gets right to the point of what you need to know and why. The book is rife with illustrations that demonstrate how each element is drawn and how its configuration options affect its presentation. Learning Perl/Tk is for every Perl programmer who would like to implement simple, easy-to-use graphical interfaces.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis : Que | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 479 p. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.4/469
    Keywords: UNIX (Computer file) ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: UNIX Hints & Hacks is designed to instantly reward you through increased productivity and satisfaction with UNIX. Each and every hint and/or hack provides real value--not just a list of obvious procedures marked as secrets. Learn UNIX administration skills you can apply daily with UNIX workstations and servers. Discover networking tricks to make modifications safely over the network. Tackle security issues such as dealing with SuperUser accounts, permissions, and vulnerabilities in the UNIX operating system. Develop various ways to monitor the system logs and load averages, to aid in the tuning, fixing, and security. Also learn to add, manipulate, and modify user accounts in new ways, and improve your file management skills for modifying, viewing, and executin. With UNIX Hints & Hacks you'll look up from the reading and say, "I can't wait to try that!"
    Note: Includes index
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, IN : New Riders | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxix, 756 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 005.75/6
    Keywords: SQL (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: In MySQL, Paul DuBois provides you with a comprehensive guide to one of the most popular relational database systems. As an important contributor to the online documentation for MySQL, Paul uses his day-to-day experience answering questions users post on the MySQL mailing list to pinpoint the problems most users and administrators encounter. The principal MySQL developer, Monty Widenius, along with a network of his fellow developers, reviewed the manuscript, providing Paul with the kind of insight no one else could supply. Instead of merely giving you a general overview of MySQL, Paul teaches you how to make the most of its capabilities. Through two sample databases that run throughout the book, he gives you solutions to problems you'll likely face. He helps you integrate MySQL efficiently with third-party tools, such as PHP and Perl, enabling you to generate dynamic Web pages through database queries. He also teaches you to write programs that access MySQL databases.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Sams | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: viii, 684 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    Keywords: Graphical user interfaces (Computer systems) ; Java (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Java GUI Development covers the Java 2 AWT, JFC, and Swing Toolkit technologies for GUI programming. It provides professional developers and software engineers with 1) a clear understanding of the conceptual framework behind Java 2 GUI tools, 2) descriptions of Java GUI idioms, and 3) practical programming techniques proven to work with these tools. This approach enables developers to solve difficult GUI programming tasks faster, write tighter and faster code, and implement more sophisticated GUI designs.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, IN : Cisco Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: p. ; , cm
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Authorized preparation materials for CCIE candidates. Prepare for the CCIE lab exam while mastering essential protocols and technologies Learn new design and configuration strategies for ATM, IP multicasting, network management, switching architectures, CIP, and network security Implement practical networking techniques to build scalable, reliable, and secure networks Learn to identify key technologies and appropriate implementations for your internetwork design Isolate and solve problems easier with detailed configuration examples and case studies Cisco CCIE Fundamentals: Network Design and Case Studies, Second Edition offers a comprehensive collection of updated configuration scenarios and design recommendations. By reading this book, you will gain insight into the implementation of practical internetworking strategies, identify features and capabilities of routers and switches, and begin the process of mastering the technologies and protocols necessary to become an effective Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE). This two-part book is the compilation of design and configuration examples authored and previously released by Cisco Systems. Numerous subject matter experts have revised and restructured each chapter and added coverage of several new topics. The design guide portion of this book is intended to support the network engineer who designs and implements router-based or switched internetworks. Practical design recommendations include coverage of large-scale networks with IGPs and BGP, ATM, APPN, DLSw+, DDR, ISDN, LAN switching, multicast networks, and more. The case study portion of this book presents real-world configurations that complement the design material. Implementation and troubleshooting advice is offered for EIGRP and OSPF redistribution, ATM, DDR, ISDN, network security, and HSRP.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 303 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: Java native interface ; Java (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The Java Native Interface (JNI) enables the integration of code written in the Java programming language with code written in other languages such as C and C++. It allows programmers to take full advantage of the Java platform without having to abandon their investment in legacy code. This book is the definitive resource and a comprehensive guide to working with the JNI. Entirely up-to-date, the book offers a tutorial, a detailed description of JNI features and programming techniques, JNI design justifications, and the official specification for all JNI types and functions. You will find coverage of important topics such as: Writing native methods Passing data types between the Java language and native programming languages Embedding a Java virtual machine implementation in native applications Leveraging legacy native libraries Improving the efficiency and reliability of your code An entire chapter is devoted to avoiding common traps and pitfalls. The book uses numerous examples to illustrate programming techniques that have proven to be effective. 0201325772B04062001
    Note: Includes index
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxxiii, 357 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Series Statement: Enterprise computing series
    DDC: 005.1
    Keywords: Computer software ; Development ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 80% of software projects fail-here's why the other 20% succeed! Software Development is the most thorough, realistic guide to "what works" in software development-and how to make it happen in your organization. Leading consultant Marc Hamilton tackles all three key components of successful development: people, processes, and technology. From streamlining infrastructures to retraining programmers, choosing tools to implementing service-level agreements, Hamilton unifies all of today's best practices-in management, architecture, and software engineering. There's never been a more comprehensive blueprint for software success. Discover "The Ten Commandments of Software Development" Build a winning software development team, organize it for success - and retain your best talent Create a software architecture that maps to business goals and serves as a foundation for successful development Define processes that streamline component and Web-based development projects Leverage the advantages of object-oriented techniques throughout the entire lifecycle Make the most of Java, JavaBeans, and Jini technology Learn the best ways to measure software quality and productivity-and improve them Software Development is ruthlessly realistic and remarkably accessible-for managers and technical professionals alike. Best of all, its techniques can be applied to any project or organization, large or small. Ready to build software that meets all its goals? This book will get you there.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 351) and index
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Sams Pub. | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 510 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Keywords: Java (Computer program language) ; Threads (Computer programs) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Java Thread Programming shows you how to take full advantage of Java's thread facilities: when to use threads to increase your program's efficiency, how to use them effectively, and how to avoid common mistakes. There is thorough coverage of the Thread API, ThreadGroup classes, the Runnable interface, and the synchronized operator. Extensive, complete, code examples show programmers the details of creating and managing threads in real-world applications.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Macmillan Computer Pub. | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: vii, 212 p. , ill. ; , 22 cm
    Keywords: SAP R/3 ; Business ; Computer programs ; Client/server computing ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Sams Teach Yourself SAP R/3 in 10 Minutes covers general tasks including basic navigation skills, working with master data and running reports. With Timesaving Tips, Plain English definitions, Panic Button advice and easy-to-follow tutorials that can be completed in 10 minutes or less, you can get productive immediately. Covers the general SAP functions that every end-user of SAP-based applications must know. The book focuses on the user interface, access issues, and basic navigation skills using mini-tutorials. You'll learn all the essential tasks for running SAP-based applications smoothly and easily. 10 minutes is all you need to learn how to log on to SAP R/3, access the SAP R/3 modules, use basic navigation skills, work with master data, generate reports, read and interpret common error messages, and access extensive online help features.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 208 p. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: C++ (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Exceptional C++ shows by example how to go about sound software engineering in standard C++. Do you enjoy solving thorny C++ problems and puzzles? Do you relish writing robust and extensible code? Then take a few minutes and challenge yourself with some tough C++ design and programming problems. The puzzles and problems in Exceptional C++ not only entertain, they will help you hone your skills to become the sharpest C++ programmer you can be. Many of these problems are culled from the famous Guru of the Week feature of the Internet newsgroup comp.lang.c++.moderated, expanded and updated to conform to the official ISO/ANSI C++ Standard. Each problem is rated according to difficulty and is designed to illustrate subtle programming mistakes or design considerations. After you've had a chance to attempt a solution yourself, the book then dissects the code, illustrates what went wrong, and shows how the problem can be fixed. Covering a broad range of C++ topics, the problems and solutions address critical issues such as: Generic programming and how to write reusable templates Exception safety issues and techniques Robust class design and inheritance Compiler firewalls and the Pimpl Idiom Name lookup, namespaces, and the Interface Principle Memory management issues and techniques Traps, pitfalls, and anti-idioms Optimization Try your skills against the C++ masters and come away with the insight and experience to create more efficient, effective, robust, and portable C++ code. 0201615622B04062001
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-204) and index
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Sun Microsystems | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxvii, 332 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 005.74
    Keywords: Database management ; Information resources management ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 2585E-8 Resource Management is a practical guide that shows how to manage system resources to meet system and performance service levels. The theory of Resource Management is introduced and a detailed analysis of what is required to implement resource management in the Solaris environment is explored. The BluePrint includes examples of typical system workloads and how the Solaris resource management facilities and products can be used with these workloads. Workloads include Databases, File Services, Web Servers, Batch Tasks, and Internet Service Provider configurations such as ftp.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xv, 318 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 658.4/02
    Keywords: Leadership ; Organizational effectiveness ; Performance ; Teams in the workplace ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Drawing upon research from leading scholars in the fields of social psychology, organization behavior, sociology, and cognitive psychology, this invaluable resource for both young managers and seasoned executives alike covers both basic and cutting-edge team building and management principles as it outlines in a clear, step-by-step fashion how to improve the functioning of teams within an organization. KEY TOPICS: Introduces the basic building blocks for analyzing and perfecting teamwork; addresses the assessment of a team's performance and productivity; and discusses when and how to reward teamwork in organizations. Focuses on internal dynamics, i.e, structuring tasks, selecting people, and fostering team relationships; how teams communicate, process information, and create a collective team intelligence; and ways to bring out a team's maximum creativity. Covers external dynamics, i.e, team boundaries, inter-team relations, networking, and boundary-spanning; dual-tasks of effective leadership; issues of conflict and competition between teams in the organization; and the impact of information technology on both global and local teamwork. Begins each chapter with a case study of a real team and company, and includes practical appendices that include tips on how to run a meeting; discussions on how to build and maintain an effective study group; and examples of 360-degree evaluations. MARKET: For organizational managers and team leaders.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 277-305) and indexes
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: v, 66 p. ; , 18 cm
    DDC: 652.5/53
    Keywords: UNIX (Computer file) ; Vi ; Text editors (Computer programs) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: For many users, working in the UNIX environment means using vi, a full-screen text editor available on most UNIX systems. Even those who know vi often make use of only a small number of its features.The vi Editor Pocket Reference is a companion volume to O'Reilly's updated sixth edition of Learning the vi Editor , a complete guide to text editing with vi . New topics in Learning the vi Editor include multi-screen editing and coverage of four vi clones: vim , elvis , nvi , and vile .This small book is a handy reference guide to the information in the larger volume, presenting movement and editing commands, the command-line options, and other elements of the vi editor in an easy-to-use tabular format.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xvi, 339 p. , ill. (some col.) ; , 23 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: The Java series
    DDC: 006.6/633
    Keywords: Computer graphics ; Java (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: One weakness of Java has been its graphics capabilities. Java 1.0 and 1.1 only included simple primitives for line drawing: lines could only be one pixel wide, they could only be solid, and there wasn't any good way to draw curves. Font management and color management were also weak. Java 2D (collectively called the "2D API") signals a major improvement in Java's graphics capabilities. It covers many of the classes in Java 1.2 that address graphics handling and improves on many weaknesses that were present in the previous versions of Java. The 2D API allows you to produce high-quality, professional images on a screen or printer. Java 2D Graphics describes the 2D API from top to bottom, demonstrating how to set line styles and pattern fills as well as more advanced techniques of image processing and font handling. You'll see how to create and manipulate the three types of graphics objects: shapes, text, and images. Other topics include image data storage, color management, font glyphs, and printing. Java 2D Graphics assumes no prior knowledge of graphics. Chock full of detailed explanations and examples, this book provides beginning Java programmers with a solid foundation in 2D graphics and helps more advanced programmers create and use high-quality images in their applications. Topics covered in the book include: The rendering pipeline Shapes and paths Geometry Painting with solid colors, gradients, and textures Stroking paths, including dashed lines Transformations: translation, rotation, shearing, and scaling Alpha compositing Clipping Rasterizing and antialiasing Fonts and text Font metrics Glyphs Colors and color spaces sRGB and CIEXYZ ICC color profiles Images, image color models, and image data Image processing Image data storage Graphics devices Printing
    Note: Includes index
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Sams | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxxix, 1448 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 005.2/762
    Keywords: JavaScript (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Pure JavaScript is a substantial and focused reference for experienced Web developers. This book begins with an accelerated introduction to the newest features of JavaScript so that experienced Web developers can quickly understand the concepts of JavaScript and begin developing their own JavaScript solutions immediately. Pure JavaScript also contains insightful programming techniques, complete with well-commented code examples that you can immediately use in your own JavaScripts. This book contains the most complete, easily accessible JavaScript object reference with syntax, definitions, and examples of well-commented code for each entry.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berkeley, CA : Peachpit Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 311 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm. +
    Keywords: Linux ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: CD-ROM includes Red Hat Linux 6.0 Publisher's Edition (Linux kernel version 2.22-15), GNOME, KDE 1.1, Netscape Communicator 4.5.1, the GLMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) 1.04, plus games, customization applications, utilities, etc.
    Note: Accompanying CD-ROM available
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berkeley, CA : Peachpit Press. | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 319 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 006.6/869
    Keywords: Microsoft PowerPoint (Computer file) ; Macintosh (Computer) ; Programming ; Presentation graphics software ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Most professionals turn to Microsoft PowerPoint to make their presentations come alive. The latest version, PowerPoint 2000, promises to attract a legion of new converts, lured by its full integration with the other Office 2000 apps and its new and improved formatting and Web features. PowerPoint 2000/98: Visual QuickStart Guide is the quickest, easiest way to learn how to add slides, movie clips, sound, animation--even Web pages--to your presentations using this powerful package. Thanks to the book's straightforward, task-oriented format, you can go directly to the information you need. Like the other titles in Peachpit's Visual QuickStart Guide series, PowerPoint 2000/98: VQS uses hundreds of screenshots and step-by-step instructions to explain the most popular features of PowerPoint, and it covers both the Windows 2000 and Macintosh 98 platforms. Whether you use it as a tutorial or a reference guide, you'll be putting together impressive presentations in no time.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxi, 344 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 005.2/76
    Keywords: Electronic data processing ; Distributed processing ; Java (Computer program language) ; JavaSpaces technology ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: "Ever since I first saw David Gelernter's Linda programming language almost twenty years ago, I felt that the basic ideas of Linda could be used to make an important advance in the ease of distributed and parallel programming. As part of the fruits of Sun's Jini project, we now have the JavaSpaces technology, a wonderfully simple platform for developing distributed applications that takes advantage of the power of the Java programming language. This important book and its many examples will help you learn about distributed and parallel programming. I highly recommend it to students, programmers, and the technically curious." Bill Joy , Chief Scientist and co-founder, Sun Microsystems, Inc. JavaSpaces technology, a powerful Jini service from Sun Microsystems, facilitates building distributed applications for the Internet and Intranets. The JavaSpaces model involves persistent object exchange "areas" in which remote processes can coordinate their actions and exchange data. It provides a necessary ubiquitous, cross-platform framework for distributed computing, emerging as a key technology in this expanding field. This book introduces the JavaSpaces architecture, provides a definitive and comprehensive description of the model, and demonstrates how to use it to develop distributed computing applications. The book presents an overview of the JavaSpaces design and walks you through the basics, demonstrating key features through examples. Every aspect of JavaSpaces programming is examined in depth: entries, distributed data structures, synchronization, communication, application patterns, leases, distributed events, and transactions. You will find information on such vital topics as: Distributed data structures Synchronization techniques Loosely coupled communication Message passing Channel data structures for communication Application patterns such as replicated worker, command pattern, and marketplace Leases and automated lease renewal Using distributed events with spaces Handling partial failure with distributed transactions The official JavaSpaces specification from Sun Microsystems JavaSpaces Principles, Patterns, and Practice also includes two full-scale applications--one collaborative and the other parallel--that demonstrate how to put the JavaSpaces model to work. 0201309556B04062001
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Upper Saddle River, NJ : Sun Microsystems Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xxiii, 1551 p. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.4/469
    Keywords: Solaris (Computer file) ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 2004H-5 Thoroughly cross-referenced and packed with comprehensive examples for administrators and programmers Easy-to-understand explanations of UNIX commands and options in a user-friendly format A complete, plain English reference guide to all of the Section (1) man pages from acctcom to zcat Award-winning author Janice Winsor's Solaris 7 Reference is an essential resource for users, system administrators, and programmers. It provides clear and understandable descriptions of more than 450 UNIX commands. Starting with a convenient, task-oriented quick reference that lists commands by function, it goes beyond standard "manual page" descriptions to provide comprehensive examples and more in-depth information than the online documentation. Both experienced programmers and users of all levels will find the extensive examples to be time-saving aids to understanding the full power and flexibility of key commands. Solaris 7 Reference contains complete, accurate, and accessible syntax and option information for hundreds of tasks including: Communication File Management System Status Archiving Printing Text Processing Shell Programming Searching Its complete coverage, logical organization, and Janice Winsor's easy-to-understand style of presentation make this the one UNIX command reference everyone working in a Solaris environment needs.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 378 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.4/32
    Keywords: Linux ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: New users are flocking to Linux literally by the millions. Yet most of these new users draw from Microsoft Windows as their primary computing experience; for them an operating system from the UNIX family is an unfamiliar experience. In Learning Red Hat Linux , Bill McCarty has written a book aimed specifically at this new audience. Learning Red Hat Linux will guide any new user of Linux through the installing and use of the Red Hat® version of the free operating system that is shaking up the commercial world of software. It demystifies Linux in terms familiar to Windows users and gives readers only what they need to start being successful users of Linux. Built around the popular Red Hat distribution of Linux, Learning Red Hat Linux takes the reader step by step through the process of installing and setting up a Red Hat Linux system, and provides a thorough but gentle introduction to the basics of using Red Hat Linux. Because the book is written specifically for the enclosed CD, the reader needs nothing else to get started with this exciting new operating system.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Language: English
    Pages: xix, 724 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.7/13769
    Keywords: Apache (Computer file : Apache Group) ; C (Computer program language) ; Perl (Computer program language) ; Web servers ; Computer programs ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Apache is the most popular web server on the Internet because it is free, reliable, and extensible. The availability of the source code and the modular design of Apache makes it possible to extend web server functionality through the Apache API. For the most part, however, the Apache API has only been available to C programmers, and requires rebuilding the Apache server from source. mod_perl, the popular Apache module used primarily for enhanced CGI performance, changed all that by making the Apache API available to Perl programmers. With mod_perl, it becomes simple to develop Apache modules with Perl and install them without having to rebuild the web server. Writing Apache Modules with Perl and C shows how to extend web server capabilities regardless of whether the programming language is Perl or C. The book explains the design of Apache, mod_perl, and the Apache API. It then demonstrates how to use them to perform for tasks like the following: Rewriting CGI scripts as Apache modules to vastly improve performance Server-side filtering of HTML documents, to embed special markup or code (much like SSI) Enhancing server log functionality Converting file formats on the fly Implementing dynamic navigation bars Incorporating database access into CGI scripts Customizing access control and authorization to block robots or to use an external database for passwords The authors are Lincoln Stein and Doug MacEachern. Lincoln is the successful author of How to Set Up and Maintain a World Wide web Site and the developer of the widely used Perl CGI.pm module. Doug is a consultant and the creator of the innovative mod_perl Apache module.
    Note: Includes "...a detachable modp̲erl quick reference card."--Cover. - Includes index
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821343688 , 9780821343685
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (650 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Global Development Finance was formerly published as World Debt Tables. The new name reflects the report's expanded scope and greater coverage of private financial flows. The report consists of two volumes:a) Analysis and Summary Tables contains analysis and commentary on recent developments in international finance for developing countries, with particular focus on the global financial crisis. Summary statistical tables are included for 150 countries. b) Country Tables contains statistical tables on the external debt of the 138 countries that report public and public guaranteed debt under the Debtor Reporting System (DRS). Also included are tables of selected debt and resource flow statistics for individual reporting countries as well as summary tables for regional and income groups. This year's report includes the external debt obligations of the Republic of Korea, a high-income country. Charts on pages xx to xxii summarize graphically the relation between debt stock and its components; the computation of net flows, aggregate net resource flow, and aggregate net transfers; and the relation between net resource flow and the balance of payments. Exact definitions of these and other terms are found in the Sources and Definitions section
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821345508 , 9780821345504
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (192 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Abstract: Developing countries are now recovering from the worst ravages of the financial crisis of 1997-98. However, the recovery is both uneven and fragile, and many countries continue to struggle in the aftermath. In addition to a review of international economic developments, this report considers three areas where the crisis has had a major impact on growth and welfare in the developing world. First, the crisis has increased poverty in the East Asian crisis countries, Brazil, and the Russian Federation, and elsewhere. Chapter 2 reviews the evidence on the crisis' social impact on East Asia and other developing countries, and addresses the broader issue of the impact of external shocks on poverty in developing countries. Second, though the East Asian crisis countries are experiencing a strong cyclical recovery, severe structural problems remain. Chapter 3 outlines the depth of the problems faced by the corporate and financial sectors of these economies, analyzes the challenges facing the restructuring process, and discusses the appropriate role of government in supporting restructuring and reducing systemic risk. Third, exchange rate depreciations and declines in demand in East Asia exacerbated the fall in primary commodity prices that began in 1996. Chapter 4 examines how the most commodity-dependent economies in the world--the major oil exporting countries and the non-oil exporters of Sub-Saharan Africa--have adjusted to the commodity price cycle
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 73
    ISBN: 0821344579 , 9780821344576
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (267 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Technical Papers
    Abstract: This technical guide seeks to demonstrate that, by encouraging small, continuous improvements in landfill siting, construction, and operation, the accumulative effect over time is the achievement of better operations. The guide does not seek an immediate adoption of sanitary landfill practices. Instead, sanitary landfill is regarded as an eventual goal for which middle- and lower-income countries can plan during the course of several years. A common theme throughout the guide is the emphasis on the practical ways landfills can evolve, as resources and confidence increase, from open dumps to "controlled" dumps to "engineered" landfills and perhaps, one day, to sanitary landfills
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (54 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Lopez, Ramon Adjustment and Poverty in Mexican Agriculture
    Keywords: Access To Irrigation ; Agricultural Activities ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Commercial Bank ; Credit Markets ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Decisions ; Farm Households ; Farm Income ; Farm Work ; Farmer ; Farmers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Irrigation ; Landholdings ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Natural Disaster ; Poor Farmer ; Poor Farmers ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Financial Markets ; Rural Poverty ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Rural Sector ; Small Farms ; Access To Irrigation ; Agricultural Activities ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Commercial Bank ; Credit Markets ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Decisions ; Farm Households ; Farm Income ; Farm Work ; Farmer ; Farmers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Irrigation ; Landholdings ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Natural Disaster ; Poor Farmer ; Poor Farmers ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Financial Markets ; Rural Poverty ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Rural Sector ; Small Farms
    Abstract: August 1995 - By and large, it appears that the goals of agricultural reform are being met in Mexico. But measures such as decoupling income supports and price supports or reorienting research and extension could help farmers who cannot afford access to machinery and purchased inputs and services. López, Nash, and Stanton report the results of a study of Mexican farm households using 1991 survey data and a smaller resurvey of some of the same households in 1993. One study goal was to empirically examine the relationship between assets and the output supply function. Using a production model focusing on capital as a productive input, they found that both the supply level and the responsiveness (elasticities) to changing input and output prices tend to depend on the farmer's net assets and on how productive assets are used. Regression analysis using data from the surveys shows that farmers who use productive assets such as machinery tend to be positively responsive to price changes, while those with no access to such assets are not. Another study goal was to monitor the condition of Mexican farmers in a rapidly changing policy environment. The 1991 survey data suggest that farmers with more limited use of capital inputs (the low-CI group) were more likely to grow principally corn and to grow fewer crops, on average, than the others. They also had more problems getting credit and were less likely to use purchased inputs, such as seeds, fertilizer, and pesticides, or to use a tractor to prepare the soil. They tended to be less well-educated, and their land tended to be of lower quality. Results from the panel data showed conditions generally improving for the average farmer in the sample area between 1991 and 1993, during a period when agricultural reforms were implemented. Cropping patterns were more diversified, the average size of landholdings increased, the average farmer received more credit (in real terms), more farm households earned income from off-farm work, and more farmers used purchased inputs. Asset ownership and educational attainment also improved modestly. The very small low-CI group in this sample fared as well as, or better than, the other groups. True, their level of educational achievement fell, and fewer of them had off-farm income than in 1991. But their use of credit, irrigation, machinery, and purchased inputs increased more than for other groups. The limited data are not proof of a causal link, but the fact that the goals are being met should at least ensure that adverse conditions are not undermining reform. Farmers that lacked access to productive assets did not respond as well to incentives or take advantage of the opportunities presented by reform and may need assistance, particularly to get access to credit markets. There may be a good argument for decoupling income supports from price supports for farmers, since income payments that are independent of the vagaries of production could provide a more stable signal of creditworthiness than price supports do. Possibly reorienting research and extension services more to the needs of low-CI producers could also improve the efficiency with which the sector adjusts to new incentives. Hypotheses and tentative conclusions from this study will be explored further when more data are collected in 1995. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department---is part of a larger effort in the department to investigate the effects of international trade policy on individual producers. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Rural Poverty and Agriculture in Mexico: An Analysis of Farm Decisions and Supply Responsiveness (RPO 678-23)
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Are the Poor Less Well-Insured?
    Keywords: 1997 ; China ; Consumption ; Consumption ; Current Consumption ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Size ; Households ; Income ; Income ; Income Risk ; Income Shock ; Inequality ; Insurance ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Martin ; Poor ; Poor Areas ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Vulnerability ; Wealth Groups ; 1997 ; China ; Consumption ; Consumption ; Current Consumption ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Size ; Households ; Income ; Income ; Income Risk ; Income Shock ; Inequality ; Insurance ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Martin ; Poor ; Poor Areas ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Vulnerability ; Wealth Groups
    Abstract: December 1997 - In rural China, those in the poorest wealth decile are the least well-insured, with 40 percent of an income shock being passed on to current consumption. By contrast, consumption by the richest third of households is protected from almost 90 percent of an income shock. Jalan and Ravallion test how well consumption is insured against income risk in a panel of sampled households in rural China. They estimate the risk insurance models by Generalized Method of Moments, treating income and household size as endogenous. Insurance exists for all wealth groups, although the hypothesis of perfect insurance is universally rejected. Those in the poorest wealth decile are the least well-insured, with 40 percent of an income shock being passed on to current consumption. By contrast, consumption by the richest third of households is protected from almost 90 percent of an income shock. The extent of insurance in a given wealth stratum varies little between poor and nonpoor areas. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to understand private insurance arrangements in poor rural economies. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Dynamics of Poverty in Rural China (RPO 678-69)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (46 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dollar, David Aid Allocation and Poverty Reduction
    Keywords: Development Efforts ; Domestic Poverty ; Economic Growth ; Elimination Of Poverty ; Emergencies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Level Of Poverty ; Living Standards ; National Policy ; Policies ; Policy Level ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Quantitative Measures ; Recipient Countries ; Respect ; Rule Of Law ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Sectoral Policies ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Sustainable Growth ; War ; Development Efforts ; Domestic Poverty ; Economic Growth ; Elimination Of Poverty ; Emergencies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Level Of Poverty ; Living Standards ; National Policy ; Policies ; Policy Level ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Quantitative Measures ; Recipient Countries ; Respect ; Rule Of Law ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Sectoral Policies ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Sustainable Growth ; War
    Abstract: In the efficient allocation of aid, aid is targeted disproportionately to countries with severe poverty and adequate policies. For a given level of poverty, aid tapers in with policy reform. In the actual allocation of aid, aid tapers out with reform. - Aid now lifts about 30 million people a year out of absolute poverty. With a poverty-efficient allocation, the same amount of aid would lift about 80 million people out of poverty. Collier and Dollar derive a poverty-efficient allocation of aid and compare it with actual aid allocations. They build the poverty-efficient allocation in two stages. First they use new World Bank ratings of 20 different aspects of national policy to establish the current relationship between aid, policies, and growth. Onto that, they add a mapping from growth to poverty reduction, which reflects the level and distribution of income. They compare the effects of using headcount and poverty-gap measures of poverty. They find the actual allocation of aid to be radically different from the poverty-efficient allocation. In the efficient allocation, for a given level of poverty, aid tapers in with policy reform. In the actual allocation, aid tapers out with reform. In the efficient allocation, aid is targeted disproportionately to countries with severe poverty and adequate policies - the type of country where 74 percent of the world's poor live. In the actual allocation, such countries receive a much smaller share of aid (56 percent) than their share of the world's poor. With the present allocation, aid is effective in sustainably lifting about 30 million people a year out of absolute poverty. With a poverty-efficient allocation, this would increase to about 80 million people. Even with political constraints introduced to keep allocations for India and China constant, poverty reduction would increase to about 60 million. Reallocating aid is politically difficult, but it may be considerably less difficult than quadrupling aid budgets, which is what the authors estimate would be necessary to achieve the same impact on poverty reduction with existing aid allocations. This paper - a joint product of the Office of the Director, and Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to examine aid effectiveness. The authors may be contacted at pcollierworldbank.org or ddollar@worldbank.org
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (100 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Stephenson, M. Sherry Approaches to Liberalizing Services
    Keywords: Barriers ; Commodities ; Common Market ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Developing Countries ; Developing Country ; Developing Economies ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign Competition ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreement ; Free Trade Agreements ; Future ; Housing and Human Habitats ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Intangible ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Law and Development ; Liberalization ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Output ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Share ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Services ; Barriers ; Commodities ; Common Market ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Developing Countries ; Developing Country ; Developing Economies ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign Competition ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreement ; Free Trade Agreements ; Future ; Housing and Human Habitats ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Intangible ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Law and Development ; Liberalization ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Output ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Share ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Services
    Abstract: May 1999 - Liberalization of services at the subregional level has followed two broad approaches-the GATS model and the NAFTA model-neither of which automatically guarantees the full liberalization of trade in services. The question that participants in integration efforts at both the subregional and the broader regional level must ask is what kind of approach to liberalizing services offers both maximum transparency and the greatest degree of nondiscrimination for service suppliers. Only since completion of the Uruguay Round have developing countries in East Asia and the Western Hemisphere shown interest in liberalizing services. Ambitious efforts are now being made to incorporate services in liberalization objectives of both subregional and regional integration efforts, including in the Asia-Pacific region under APEC and in the Western Hemisphere under the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) process. At the subregional level, member countries of both ASEAN (in East Asia) and MERCOSUR (in Latin America) have chosen to follow the liberalization model set forth in the World Trade Organization's (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and to open their services markets gradually and piecemeal. In the Western Hemisphere, Mexico has successfully promoted the NAFTA model of a more comprehensive liberalization of services markets-and several Latin American countries have adopted the same approach. Regionally, APEC has chosen a concerted voluntary approach to liberalizing services markets. Within the Western Hemisphere, participants are defining which approach they will use in the negotiations on services launched as part of the FTAA in April 1998. In all these efforts, a stated desire to promote more efficient services markets is often hindered by reluctance to open services markets rapidly or comprehensively because of historically entrenched protectionism in the sector and ignorance of the regulatory measures that impede trade in services. Presumably it would be easier to liberalize services at the subregional level, among countries at similar stages of development (although liberalization's economic value there might be questioned). Liberalizing services at the broader regional level is a difficult and ambitious goal, given the diversity of countries involved in such efforts. Thus liberalization will probably move more slowly at the regional than at the subregional level-perhaps even more slowly than at the multilateral level. It is possible that the new round of multilateral talks on services scheduled to begin under the WTO in 2000 may well eclipse the recently begun regional efforts. This paper-a product of Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to assist developing countries in the multilateral trade negotiations. The author may be contacted at sstephensonoas.org
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Mearns, Robin Access to Land in Rural India
    Keywords: Agrarian Structure ; Agriculture ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Countries ; Farm Size ; Farmland ; Land ; Land Administration ; Land Distribution ; Land Markets ; Land Ownership ; Land Records ; Land Reform ; Land Reforms ; Land Registration ; Land Rights ; Land Tenure ; Land Transfers ; Land Use and Policies ; Land and Real Estate Development ; Landlessness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Access To Land ; Public Land ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Real Estate Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Agrarian Structure ; Agriculture ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Countries ; Farm Size ; Farmland ; Land ; Land Administration ; Land Distribution ; Land Markets ; Land Ownership ; Land Records ; Land Reform ; Land Reforms ; Land Registration ; Land Rights ; Land Tenure ; Land Transfers ; Land Use and Policies ; Land and Real Estate Development ; Landlessness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Access To Land ; Public Land ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Real Estate Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: May 1999 - Access to land is deeply important in rural India, where the incidence of poverty is highly correlated with lack of access to land. The author provides a framework for assessing alternative approaches to improving access to land by India's rural poor. He considers India's record implementing land reform and identifies an approach that includes incremental reforms in public land administration to reduce transaction costs in land markets (thereby facilitating land transfers) and to increase transparency, making information accessible to the public to ensure that socially excluded groups benefit. Reducing constraints on access to land for the rural poor and socially excluded requires five key issues: restrictions on land-lease markets, the fragmentation of holdings, the widespread failure to translate women's legal rights into practice, poor access to (and encroachment on) the commons, and high transaction costs for land transfers. Among guidelines for policy reform the author suggests: -Selectively deregulate land-lease (rental) markets, because rental markets may be important in giving the poor access to land. -Reduce transaction costs in land markets, including both official costs and informal costs (such as bribes to expedite transactions), partly by improving systems for land registration and management of land records. -Critically reassess land administration agencies and find ways to improve incentive structures, to reduce rent-seeking and base promotions on performance. -Promote women's independent land rights through policy measures to increase women's bargaining power within the household and in society generally. -Improve transparency of land administration and public access to information, to reduce rent-seeking by land administration officers and to strengthen poor people's land rights (and knowledge thereof). -Strengthen institutions in civil society to provide the awareness, monitoring, and pressure needed for successful reform and to provide checks and balances on inappropriate uses of state power. -In a companion paper (WPS 2124) the author addresses these issues at the level of a particular state - Orissa, one of India ' s poorest states - in an empirical study, from a transaction costs perspective, of social exclusion and land administration. This paper - a product of the Rural Development Sector Unit, South Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to promote access to land and to foster more demand-driven and socially inclusive institutions in rural development
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (27 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Wallsten, Scott An Empirical Analysis of Competition, Privatization, and Regulation in Telecommunications Markets in Africa and Latin America
    Keywords: Telekommunikation ; Telekommunikationspolitik ; Privatisierung ; Deregulierung ; Afrika ; Lateinamerika ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Business ; Business Services ; Data ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Institutions ; Knowledge Economy ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Performance ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Regulation ; Reliability ; Results ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology ; Telecom ; Telecommunication ; Telecommunication Reforms ; Telecommunications ; Telephone ; Telephone Connections ; Telephone Service ; Telephones ; User ; Users ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Business ; Business Services ; Data ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Institutions ; Knowledge Economy ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Performance ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Regulation ; Reliability ; Results ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology ; Telecom ; Telecommunication ; Telecommunication Reforms ; Telecommunications ; Telephone ; Telephone Connections ; Telephone Service ; Telephones ; User ; Users
    Abstract: June 1999 - Empirical analysis of telecommunications reforms in 30 African and Latin American countries yields results largely consistent with conventional wisdom. Competition seems to be the most successful change agent, so granting even temporary monopolies may delay the arrival of better services to consumers. Reformers are correct to emphasize that regulatory reform accompany privatization, as privatization without regulation reform may be costly to consumers. Wallsten explores the effects of privatization, competition, and regulation on telecommunications performance in 30 African and Latin American countries from 1984 through 1997. Competition is associated with tangible benefits in terms of mainline penetration, number of pay phones, connection capacity, and reduced prices. Fixed-effects regressions reveal that competition-measured by mobile operators not owned by the incumbent telecommunications provider-is correlated with increases in the per capita number of mainlines, pay phones, and connection capacity, and with decreases in the price of local calls. Privatizing an incumbent is negatively correlated with mainline penetration and connection capacity. Privatization combined with regulation by an independent regulator, however, is positively correlated with connection capacity and substantially mitigates privatization's negative correlation with mainline penetration. Reformers are right to emphasize a combination of privatization, competition, and regulation. But researchers must explore the permutations of regulation: What type of regulation do countries adopt (price caps versus cost-of-service, for example)? How does the regulatory agency work? What is its annual budget? How many employees does it have? Where do the regulators come from? What sort of training and experience do they have? What enforcement powers does the regulatory agency have? In addition, researchers must deal with endogeneity of privatization, competition, and regulation to deal with issues of causality. This paper-a product of Regulation and Competition Policy, Development Research Group-is part of a larger research effort to analyze the role of competition in telecommunications with special emphasis on Africa. The author may be contacted at wallstenstanford.edu
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (39 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Gupta, Das Monica Gender Bias in China, the Republic of Korea, and India 1920-90
    Keywords: Center For Population ; Child Mortality ; Child Survival ; Discrimination ; Fertility ; Fertility Decline ; Gender ; Gender Bias ; Gender and Law ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Law and Development ; Marriage ; National Level ; Number Of Births ; Population ; Population And Development ; Population Policies ; Population Research ; Poverty ; Resource Constraint ; Sex ; Sex Ratios ; Son Preference ; United Nations Population Fund ; War ; Center For Population ; Child Mortality ; Child Survival ; Discrimination ; Fertility ; Fertility Decline ; Gender ; Gender Bias ; Gender and Law ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Law and Development ; Marriage ; National Level ; Number Of Births ; Population ; Population And Development ; Population Policies ; Population Research ; Poverty ; Resource Constraint ; Sex ; Sex Ratios ; Son Preference ; United Nations Population Fund ; War
    Abstract: June 1999 - The proportions of girls 'missing' rose sharply in these countries during times of war, famine, and fertility decline. Resulting shortages of wives improved the treatment of adult women without reducing discrimination against daughters or increasing women's autonomy. The latter goals can be reached only with fundamental changes in women's family position-changes that are taking place only slowly. Kinship systems in China, the Republic of Korea, and North India have similar features that generate discrimination against girls, and these countries have some of the highest proportions of girls 'missing' in the world. Das Gupta and Li document how the excess mortality of girls was increased by war, famine, and fertility decline-all of which constrained household resources-between 1920 and 1990. Of the three countries, China experienced the most crises during this period (with civil war, invasion, and famine). The resulting excess mortality of girls in China offset the demographic forces making for a surplus of wives as overall mortality rates declined. India had the quietest history during this period, and consequently followed the expected pattern of a growing surplus of available wives. These changes in sex ratios had substantial social ramifications. The authors hypothesize that these demographic factors: ° Encouraged the continuation of brideprice in China, while in India there was a shift to dowry. ° Influenced the extent and manifestations of violence against women. An oversupply of women is the worst scenario for women, as there are fewer constraints to domestic violence. A shortage of women leads to better treatment of wives, as people become more careful not to lose a wife. However in situations of shortage, a small proportion of women may be subject to new types of violence such as being kidnapped for marriage. Ironically, then, higher levels of discrimination against girls can help reduce violence against women. When women are in short supply, their treatment improves. But their autonomy can increase only with fundamental changes in their family position, changes that are taking place only slowly. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study social institutions and development outcomes. Monica Das Gupta may be contacted at mdasguptaworldbank.org
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (67 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Levine, Ross A New Database on Financial Development and Structure
    Keywords: Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bond ; Bond Markets ; Commercial Banks ; Corporate Law ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediaries ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Sector ; Financial Systems ; Insurance ; Insurance Companies ; Law and Development ; Money ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Ownership ; Pension ; Pension Funds ; Private Sector Development ; Stock ; Stock Market ; Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bond ; Bond Markets ; Commercial Banks ; Corporate Law ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediaries ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Sector ; Financial Systems ; Insurance ; Insurance Companies ; Law and Development ; Money ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Ownership ; Pension ; Pension Funds ; Private Sector Development ; Stock ; Stock Market
    Abstract: July 1999 - This new database of indicators of financial development and structure across countries and over time unites a range of indicators that measure the size, activity, and efficiency of financial intermediaries and markets. Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Levine introduce a new database of indicators of financial development and structure across countries and over time. This database is unique in that it unites a variety of indicators that measure the size, activity, and efficiency of financial intermediaries and markets. It improves on previous efforts by presenting data on the public share of commercial banks, by introducing indicators of the size and activity of nonbank financial institutions, and by presenting measures of the size of bond and primary equity markets. The compiled data permit the construction of financial structure indicators to measure whether, for example, a country's banks are larger, more active, and more efficient than its stock markets. These indicators can then be used to investigate the empirical link between the legal, regulatory, and policy environment and indicators of financial structure. They can also be used to analyze the implications of financial structure for economic growth. Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Levine describe the sources and construction of, and the intuition behind, different indicators and present descriptive statistics. This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a broader effort in the group to understand the determinants of financial structure and its importance to economic development. The authors may be contacted at tbeckworldbank.org, ademirguckunt@worldbank.org, or rlevine@csom.umn.edu
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Protecting the Poor from Macroeconomic Shocks
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Drought ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Deficits ; Household Income ; Individual Welfare ; Labor Demand ; Labor Policies ; Living Standards ; Macroeconomic Crisis ; Macroeconomic Shocks ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poor ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Transfers ; Recessions ; Resource Allocation ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Safety Net ; Safety Nets ; Safety Nets and Transfers ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Shock ; Social Protections and Labor ; Structural Reforms ; Unemployment ; Wage Earners ; Welfare ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Drought ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Deficits ; Household Income ; Individual Welfare ; Labor Demand ; Labor Policies ; Living Standards ; Macroeconomic Crisis ; Macroeconomic Shocks ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poor ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Transfers ; Recessions ; Resource Allocation ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Safety Net ; Safety Nets ; Safety Nets and Transfers ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Shock ; Social Protections and Labor ; Structural Reforms ; Unemployment ; Wage Earners ; Welfare
    Abstract: August 1999 - To minimize the harmful impact on poor people of macroeconomic shocks, sound policies for dealing with crises - and an adequate public safety net - should be in place before a crisis starts. Many developing countries faced macroeconomic shocks in the 1980s and 1990s. The impact of the shocks on welfare depended on the nature of the shock, on initial household and community conditions, and on policy responses. To avoid severe and lasting losses to poor and vulnerable groups, governments and civil society need to be prepared for a flexible response well ahead of the crisis. A key component of a flexibly responsive system is an effective permanent safety net, which will typically combine a workfare program with targeted transfers and credit. Once a crisis has happened, several things should be done: ° Macroeconomic policies should aim to achieve stabilization goals at the least cost to the poor. Typically, a temporary reduction in aggregate demand is inevitable but as soon as a sustainable external balance has been reached and inflationary pressures have been contained, macroeconomic policy should be eased (interest rates reduced and efficient public spending restored, to help offset the worst effects of the recession on the poor). A fiscal stimulus directed at labor-intensive activities (such as building rural roads) can combine the benefits of growth with those of income support for poor groups, for example. ° Key areas of public spending should be protected, especially investments in health care, education, rural infrastructure, urban sanitation, and microfinance. ° Efforts should be made to preserve the social fabric and build social capital. ° Sound information should be generated on the welfare impacts of the crisis. This paper - a joint product of the Poverty Group, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network, and Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to inform policy choices aimed at minimizing the social costs of macroeconomic shocks. The authors may be contacted at fferreiraecon.puc-rio.br, gprennushi@worldbank.org, or mravallion@worldbank.org
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (64 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Melo, Martha The Russian City in Transition
    Keywords: Autonomy ; Capitals ; Cities ; City Development Strategies ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Enterprises ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Policy ; Housing ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Large Cities ; Local Governments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal ; Municipal Financial Management ; Natural Resources ; Pricing ; Private Sector Development ; Privatization ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Public Transport ; Services ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subnational Governance ; Subsidies ; Transport ; Urban Development ; Wages ; Autonomy ; Capitals ; Cities ; City Development Strategies ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Enterprises ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Policy ; Housing ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Large Cities ; Local Governments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal ; Municipal Financial Management ; Natural Resources ; Pricing ; Private Sector Development ; Privatization ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Public Transport ; Services ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subnational Governance ; Subsidies ; Transport ; Urban Development ; Wages
    Abstract: August 1999 - Reform in 10 regional capitals along the Volga River is associated with favorable initial conditions. And both reform and favorable initial conditions are associated with relatively successful economic outcomes - except where access to extra resources improves outcomes or where weak government undermines success. After studying the nature and variety of transition in 10 regional capitals of Russia, de Melo and Ofer observe that: ° All cities have experienced radical changes in their institutions and economies - changes associated on the one hand with the abolition of central planning and the introduction of freer markets, and on the other hand with political decentralization and the introduction of local elections. ° These changes have led to a wide diversity in economic and social outcomes, reflecting differences in the central government's (inequitable) economic relations with regions as well as differing local and regional policies. Most northern cities adopted policies more consistent with the central government's support of free market reforms; most southern (Red Belt) cities pursued more cautious, protective policies. ° City governments are using more proactive economic policies, including interventions to save local industries. Such efforts highlight the dual nature of the Russian transition, characterized by a shift in power from central to local government as well as from public to private enterprises. ° A major difficulty facing Russian cities is the cost of subsidies to housing and utilities. Real estate in general constitutes a major expenditure category for local government rather than, as in most western cities, a major source of revenue. A transition in this area alone could revolutionize the finances and independence of Russian cities. ° The jury is still out on what the right social and industrial policies were during the first years of reform. Ulyanovsk clearly lagged on market reforms, and Saratov represents a model of liberalization without institutional support. Both extremes have failed, but so far the social consequences of the Saratov model appear to be worse than those of the Ulyanovsk model. ° With the credibility of Russia's federal government at an all-time low, foreign investors have no choice but to rely on the competence and reliability of local leaders, especially mayors and governors. They will be looking for evidence of accountability in the form of the rule of law, and transparency in the form of reliable public information. Information at the city level - often unavailable and not easily accessible - would be very useful in attracting local researchers to monitor progress (as a basis for accountability) and diagnose problems (as a basis for public policy debate and political decisions). This paper - a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the causes and effects of fiscal decentralization. The project was carried out in cooperation with the New Economic School (NES) in Moscow. This is the first of two papers on the Volga cities. The authors may be contacted at rhanrotterols.com or gur.ofer@yale.edu
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Schady, Norbert Seeking Votes
    Keywords: Allocation ; Business Cycles ; Business Environment ; Business in Development ; Competitiveness and Competition Policy ; Data On Expenditures ; Data Requirements ; Debt Markets ; Discretionary Funds ; Distribution Of Expenditures ; E-Government ; Econometric Techniques ; Expenditures ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Outcomes ; Parliamentary Government ; Politicians ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Expenditure ; Public Expenditures ; Public Sector Development ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Social Expenditures ; Social Funds ; Social Policy ; Social Programs ; Social Services ; Stated Objectives ; Structural Adjustment ; Allocation ; Business Cycles ; Business Environment ; Business in Development ; Competitiveness and Competition Policy ; Data On Expenditures ; Data Requirements ; Debt Markets ; Discretionary Funds ; Distribution Of Expenditures ; E-Government ; Econometric Techniques ; Expenditures ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Outcomes ; Parliamentary Government ; Politicians ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Expenditure ; Public Expenditures ; Public Sector Development ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Social Expenditures ; Social Funds ; Social Policy ; Social Programs ; Social Services ; Stated Objectives ; Structural Adjustment
    Abstract: A revised version was published as The Political Economy of Expenditures by the Peruvian Social Fund (FONCODES), 1991-95. American Political Science Review 94 (2, June): 289-304, 2000. - As the literature on political influences on the allocation of discretionary funds predicts, spending by the Peruvian Social Fund, FONCODES, increased significantly before elections. FONCODES projects were also directed at provinces where the marginal political impact of expenditures was likely to be greatest. President Alberto Fujimori created the Peruvian Social Fund (FONCODES) in 1991 with the stated objectives of generating employment, helping to alleviate poverty, and improving access to social services. Schady uses province-level data on monthly expenditures, socioeconomic indicators, and electoral outcomes to analyze political influences on the timing and geographic distribution of FONCODES expenditures between 1991 and 1995. He finds that: ° FONCODES expenditures increased significantly before elections. ° FONCODES projects were directed at poor provinces, as well as provinces in which the marginal political impact of expenditures was likely to be greatest. The results are robust to many specifications and controls. The Peruvian data thus support predictions made in the literature on political business cycles as well as the literature on political influences on the allocation of discretionary funds. This paper - a product of the Poverty Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - is part of a larger effort in the network to understand the functioning and impact of social funds
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (18 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Wei, Shang-Jin Does Corruption Relieve Foreign Investors of the Burden of Taxes and Capital Controls?
    Keywords: Capital Account ; Capital Control ; Capital Controls ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Capital ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Firms ; Foreign Investment ; Foreign Investors ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Investors ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Price ; Private Sector Development ; Public Policy ; Share ; Tax ; Tax Rate ; Tax Rates ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Taxes ; Capital Account ; Capital Control ; Capital Controls ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Capital ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Firms ; Foreign Investment ; Foreign Investors ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Investors ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Price ; Private Sector Development ; Public Policy ; Share ; Tax ; Tax Rate ; Tax Rates ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Taxes
    Abstract: October 1999 - Other things being equal, countries with higher tax rates, more corruption, or more restrictions on capital account transactions attract less foreign investment. Taxes and capital controls hinder foreign investment, and bureaucratic corruption adds to those burdens rather than reducing them. In a sample of 14 source countries making bilateral investments in 45 host countries, Wei finds that taxes, capital controls, and corruption all have large, statistically significant negative effects on foreign investment. Moreover, there is no robust support in the data for the efficient grease hypothesis - that corruption helps attract foreign investment by reducing firms' tax burden and the irritant of capital controls. This paper - a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study effective anticorruption strategies. It will appear as a chapter in a book on taxation and foreign direct investment edited by James Hines Jr. and to be published by the University of Chicago Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research. The author may be contacted at sweiworldbank.org
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dinh, T. Hinh Fiscal Solvency and Sustainability in Economic Management
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Budget ; Budget Defic Debt Service ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Adjustment ; Fiscal Defic Fiscal Effort ; Fiscal Policy ; Income Inequalities ; Income Levels ; International Financial Institutions ; Levy ; Long Term Debt ; Macroeconomic Policies ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Poverty ; Private Sector Development ; Solvency ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Budget ; Budget Defic Debt Service ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Adjustment ; Fiscal Defic Fiscal Effort ; Fiscal Policy ; Income Inequalities ; Income Levels ; International Financial Institutions ; Levy ; Long Term Debt ; Macroeconomic Policies ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Poverty ; Private Sector Development ; Solvency
    Abstract: October 1999 - In a financially integrated world, it is misleading to assess fiscal performance separate from other aspects of economic development. The framework proposed here can help assess fiscal performance over time and across countries and point to a pace of fiscal adjustment consistent with a country's economic and social objectives. Fiscal policy is central to a country's economic and social objectives, from macroeconomic stability to sustainable growth and poverty reduction. But evaluations of a country's fiscal performance, over time or relative to other countries, are often conducted independent of other development objectives, disregarding the links between fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies. A budget deficit of 4 percent of GDP, for example, may be acceptable in one country but not in another, because of different initial conditions and policy priorities. In the same country, a level of fiscal deficit may be acceptable one year but not the next, depending on developments and changes in policy objectives. Dinh argues for assessing fiscal performance (1) as part of the entire framework of economic policy, (2) against a policy objective, (3) by taking into account both short- and long-term considerations, and (4) with an eye to the quality of adjustment (whether there are income inequalities or other social issues, for example) as well as its magnitude. The approach he proposes for assessing country fiscal performance requires a minimum of data and takes into account flow and stock variables on internal and external debt. The approach addresses the shortcomings of conventional analysis by incorporating the debt dynamics and other macroeconomic targets of growth, inflation, and external and internal debt. While its theoretical foundation is well known in the literature, this approach has not been adapted for assessing fiscal performance either over time or across countries, and he discusses practical issues arising from this adaptation. Dinh proposes two indicators to measure fiscal adjustment efforts: · Fiscal solvency adjustment, which measures how far additional fiscal efforts must be taken to restore solvency to the fiscal sector. · Fiscal sustainability adjustment, which measures how far additional fiscal efforts must be taken to maintain the ratios of internal and external debt to output. Dinh applies the proposed framework to evaluate recent fiscal performance in three countries - Argentina, India, and Zambia - each with a different income level and located on a different continent. The countries were selected on the basis of recent World Bank economic work using the proposed approach or an equivalent. Dinh finds the proposed approach useful for identifying key fiscal issues, for assessing the adequacy and pace of fiscal adjustment consistent with the overall economic and social objectives, and for highlighting the tradeoffs between policy initiatives. Sound fiscal policy is crucial for macroeconomic stability. When fiscal issues are under control, it is easier to coordinate other policies. When fiscal issues are part of the problem, the tradeoffs between policy outcomes become pronounced, and economic management, including the management of capital flows, becomes much more difficult. This paper is a product of Macroeconomics 1, Africa Technical Families. The author may be contacted at hdinhworldbank.org
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (22 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Gatti, Roberta Corruption and Trade Tariffs, or a Case for Uniform Tariffs
    Keywords: Accounting ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Customs Administration and Reform ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Efficiency ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Future ; Good ; Goods ; Government Revenue ; Government Revenues ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Prices ; Open Economy ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Returns ; Revenue ; Share ; Tariff ; Tariffs ; Tax ; Tax Law ; Taxes ; Trade Policy ; Transparency ; Accounting ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Customs Administration and Reform ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Efficiency ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Future ; Good ; Goods ; Government Revenue ; Government Revenues ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Prices ; Open Economy ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Returns ; Revenue ; Share ; Tariff ; Tariffs ; Tax ; Tax Law ; Taxes ; Trade Policy ; Transparency
    Abstract: November 1999 - A highly diversified trade tariff menu may fuel bribe-taking behavior. Setting trade tariff rates at a uniform level limits public officials' ability to extract bribes from importers. By explicitly accounting for the interaction between importers and corrupt customs officials, Gatti argues that setting trade tariff rates at a uniform level limits public officials' ability to extract bribes from importers. If the government's main objective is to raise revenues at the minimum cost to welfare, optimally-set tariff rates will be inversely proportional to the elasticity of demand for imports. So they will generally differ across goods. Such a menu of tariff rates endows customs officials with the opportunity to extract rent from importers. If officials have enough discretionary power, they might threaten to misclassify goods into more heavily taxed categories unless importers pay them a bribe. Because of the bribe, the effective tariff rate for the importing firm increases, so demand for the good decreases. The resulting drop in import demand implies an efficiency loss as well as lower government revenues, compared with the optimal taxation benchmark without corruption. A similar argument applies when customs officials offer to classify goods into low-tariff categories in exchange for a bribe. Setting trade tariffs at a uniform level eliminates officials' opportunities to extract rents. Thus, when corruption is pervasive, a uniform tariff can deliver more government revenues and welfare than the optimally set (Ramsey) tariff benchmark. The empirical evidence confirms that these considerations are relevant to policymaking, since a robust association between the standard deviation of trade tariffs - a measure of the diversification of tariff menus - and corruption emerges across countries. This paper - a product of Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study corruption. Please contact Roberta Gatti, Internet address rgattiworldbank.org
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Schiff, Maurice Labor Market Integration in the Presence of Social Capital
    Keywords: Bonds ; Capital ; Cred Economic Performance ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Negative Externalities ; Population Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Production Function ; Production Functions ; Public Good ; Social Capital ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Barriers ; Transactions Costs ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Unemployment ; Utility ; Utility Function ; Voters ; Welfare ; Bonds ; Capital ; Cred Economic Performance ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Negative Externalities ; Population Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Production Function ; Production Functions ; Public Good ; Social Capital ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Barriers ; Transactions Costs ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Unemployment ; Utility ; Utility Function ; Voters ; Welfare
    Abstract: November 1999 - Social capital raises productivity and falls with labor mobility. Because labor mobility generates a negative externality, integration of labor markets results in too much mobility, too low a level of social capital, and an ambiguous effect on welfare. Trade liberalization is superior to labor market integration because it reduces mobility and the negative externality associated with it. Labor market integration is typically assumed to improve welfare in the absence of distortions, because it allows labor to move to where returns are highest. Schiff examines this result in a simple general equilibrium model in the presence of a common property resource: social capital. Drawing on evidence that social capital raises productivity and falls with labor mobility, Schiff's main findings are that: · Labor market integration imposes a negative externality and need not raise welfare. · The welfare impact is more beneficial (or less harmful) the greater the difference in endowments is between the integrating regions. · Whether positive or negative, the welfare impact is larger the more similar the levels of social capital of the integrating regions are and the lower the migration costs are. · Trade liberalization generates an additional benefit-over and above the standard gains from trade - by reducing labor mobility and the negative externality associated with it. Trade liberalization is superior to labor market integration. · The creation of new private or public institutions in response to labor market integration may reduce welfare. Schiff shows that the welfare implications depend on two parameters of the model, the curvature of the utility function and the cost of private migration. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the link between market performance and welfare. The author may be contacted at mschiffworldbank.org
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (52 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Rama, Martin The Sri Lankan Unemployment Problem Revisited
    Keywords: Educational Attainment ; Export Processing Zones ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; High Unemployment ; High Unemployment Rate ; Job ; Job Security ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Market ; Labor Market Participants ; Labor Market Policies ; Labor Markets ; Labor Study ; Management ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Activities ; Public Sector Jobs ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployed ; Unemployment ; Unemployment Problem ; Unemployment Rates ; Educational Attainment ; Export Processing Zones ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; High Unemployment ; High Unemployment Rate ; Job ; Job Security ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Market ; Labor Market Participants ; Labor Market Policies ; Labor Markets ; Labor Study ; Management ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Activities ; Public Sector Jobs ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployed ; Unemployment ; Unemployment Problem ; Unemployment Rates
    Abstract: November 1999 - Unemployment in Sri Lanka is largely voluntary. The underlying problem is not a shortage of jobs but the artificial gap between good jobs and bad ones. Policy efforts should be aimed at reducing the gap between good and bad jobs by making product markets more competitive, reducing excessive job security, and reforming government policies on pay and employment. Sri Lanka's high unemployment rate has been attributed to a mismatch of skills, to queuing for public sector jobs, and to stringent job security regulations. But the empirical evidence supporting these explanations is weak. Rama takes a fresh look at the country's unemployment problem, using individual records from the 1995 Labor Force Survey and time series for wages in the economy's formal and informal sectors. He assesses, and rejects, the skills mismatch hypothesis by comparing the impact of educational attainment on the actual wages of those who have a job with the effect on the lowest acceptable wages of the unemployed. However, he finds substantial rents associated with jobs in the public sector and in private sector activities protected by high tariffs or covered by job security regulations. A time-series analysis of the impact of unemployment on wage increases across sectors supports the hypothesis that most of the unemployed are waiting for good job openings but are not interested in readily available bad jobs. In short, unemployment in Sri Lanka is largely voluntary. The problem is not a shortage of jobs but the artificial gap between good and bad jobs. Policy efforts should be aimed at reducing the gap between good and bad jobs by making product markets more competitive, by reducing excessive job security, and by reforming government policies on pay and employment. This paper was written as part of a broader labor study undertaken by the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, South Asia Region. The study was also supported by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project The Impact of Labor Market Policies and Institutions on Economic Performance (RPO 680-96). The author may be contacted at mramaworldbank.org
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Hausch, B. Donald Bankruptcy Reorganization through Markets
    Keywords: Aggregate Debts ; Auction ; Bankruptcy ; Bankruptcy Laws ; Bid ; Call Options ; Cash Flows ; Claimant ; Claimants ; Creditor ; Creditors ; Debt Markets ; Debts ; Deposits ; Domestic Banks ; Equity ; Face Value ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Interests ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Junior Creditors ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Markets ; Strategic Debt Management ; Aggregate Debts ; Auction ; Bankruptcy ; Bankruptcy Laws ; Bid ; Call Options ; Cash Flows ; Claimant ; Claimants ; Creditor ; Creditors ; Debt Markets ; Debts ; Deposits ; Domestic Banks ; Equity ; Face Value ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Interests ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Junior Creditors ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Markets ; Strategic Debt Management
    Abstract: November 1999 - Financial reorganization under bankruptcy reduces a firm's debts to serviceable levels through negotiations overseen by courts. Academics have suggested using markets for such negotiations, giving equity holders and junior claimants call options to buy the firm back from senior creditors. Hausch and Ramachandran further develop such a market-based approach for situations in which claimants are severely cash-constrained and there is good reason for existing owner-managers to remain in control. Under the ACCORD scheme - Auction-based Creditor Ordering by Reducing Debts - creditors remain creditors but form a queue, to be serviced in sequence from the firm's operating cash flows. Creditors bid for their position in this queue. Those accepting greater proportionate reductions in the face value of their claims (perhaps most pessimistic about the firm's prospects) are placed ahead of the others. A preexisting hierarchy of claims is honored by having claimants bid for their positions within the relevant segment of the queue. No one in the queue, including owners (who are last), is paid anything until the (reduced) debts of the first in line are fully discharged. The queue then moves up and the next claimant in line is serviced. Deferred creditors, who must wait their turn for the firm's operating cash surpluses, are not junior creditors in the conventional sense. Hausch and Ramachandran determine equilibrium bidding strategies, showing that the firm's aggregate debts would be reduced to a more serviceable level. This would improve the incentives of the firm's owner-managers, who remain in control, to operate the firm efficiently. Economic resources would thus be better used, and losses already incurred would be efficiently and quickly allocated among creditors. Hausch and Ramachandran suggest that ACCORD would be appropriate for East Asia, where, despite new bankruptcy laws, inexperienced courts are unlikely to nudge creditors into a quick negotiated agreement nor to be able to cope with systemic bankruptcy. Moreover, when the government is a major unsatisfied creditor, whose agents may not act in the taxpayers' best interests, market-based solutions might remove political interference from restructuring decisions. Neither owners nor creditors would be worse off than they are now. This paper - a joint product of the Private Sector Development Department, and Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to understand and improve corporate restructuring and governance. The authors may be contacted at dhauschbus.wisc.edu or sramachandran@worldbank.org
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (22 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Herrera, Santiago User's Guide to an Early Warning System for Macroeconomic Vulnerability in Latin American Countries
    Keywords: Arts and Music ; Banking Crises ; Credit Growth ; Culture & Development ; Currency ; Currency Crises ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Cred Exchange ; Economic Conditions and Volatility ; Economic Theory and Research ; Educational Technology and Distance Learning ; Exchange Rate ; Federal Reserve ; Federal Reserve System ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Literacy ; Geographical Information Systems ; Good ; Inflation ; Inflation Rate ; Information Security and Privacy ; Instrument ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Markets and Market Access ; Options ; Real Exchange Rate ; Reserves ; Science and Technology Development ; Statistical and Mathematical Sciences ; Arts and Music ; Banking Crises ; Credit Growth ; Culture & Development ; Currency ; Currency Crises ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Cred Exchange ; Economic Conditions and Volatility ; Economic Theory and Research ; Educational Technology and Distance Learning ; Exchange Rate ; Federal Reserve ; Federal Reserve System ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Literacy ; Geographical Information Systems ; Good ; Inflation ; Inflation Rate ; Information Security and Privacy ; Instrument ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Markets and Market Access ; Options ; Real Exchange Rate ; Reserves ; Science and Technology Development ; Statistical and Mathematical Sciences
    Abstract: Models for an early warning system do a good job predicting vulnerability to macroeconomic crises in several Latin American countries. - Herrera and Garcia develop an early warning system for macroeconomic vulnerability for several Latin American countries, drawing on the work of Kaminsky, Lizondo, and Reinhart (1997) and Kaminsky (1988). They build a composite leading indicator that signals macroeconomic vulnerability, showing that, historically, crises tend to happen in certain vulnerable situations. Interested mainly in providing an operational tool, Herrera and Garcia use a different approach to the problem than Kaminsky did. First, they use fewer variables to generate the signals. Then, after the variables are aggregated, a signal is issued, depending on the behavior of the composite index. (Kaminsky's procedure was to generate signals with each variable and then aggregate them.) Their results are satisfactory both statistically and operationally. Statistically, Type I and Type II errors are smaller than those reported in previous papers. Operationally, this system of leading indicators is less costly to maintain, given fewer variables - which are widely available and reported with timeliness. Herrera and Garcia tested the models' out-of-sample predictive ability on crises that occurred after the first stage of their project was finished: Colombia (September 1998), Brazil (January 1999), and Ecuador (February 1999). In all cases the models correctly anticipated the speculative attacks. Moreover, Mexico's models, estimated with information available two years before the 1994 crisis, show that these signaling devices would have been useful for signaling the macroeconomic vulnerability before December 1994. This paper - a product of the Economic Policy Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to build tools that policymakers can use to prevent crises. The authors may be contacted at cgarciacoradoworldbank.org or sherrera@worldbank.org
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (114 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Madani, Dorsati A Review of the Role and Impact of Export Processing Zones
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital Goods ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Issues ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Imports ; Incentives ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investments ; Knowledge ; Labor ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Policy Instruments ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Revenue ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subsidies ; Technology ; Trade ; Trade Policy ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital Goods ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Issues ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Imports ; Incentives ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investments ; Knowledge ; Labor ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Policy Instruments ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Revenue ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subsidies ; Technology ; Trade ; Trade Policy ; Unemployment ; Wages
    Abstract: As instruments for encouraging economic development, export processing zones have only limited usefulness. A better policy choice is general liberalization of a country's economy. - Traditional export processing zones are fenced-in industrial estates specializing in manufacturing for exports. Modern ones have more flexible rules, such as permitting more liberal domestic sales. They provide a free-trade and liberal regulatory environment for the firms involved. Their primary goals: to provide foreign exchange earnings by promoting nontraditional exports, to provide jobs and create income, and to attract foreign direct investment and attendant technology transfer and knowledge spillover. Domestic, international, or joint venture firms operating in export processing zones typically benefit from reduced red tape, flexible labor laws, generous long-term tax holidays and concessions, above-average communications services and infrastructure (and often subsidized utilities and rental rates), and unlimited duty-free imports of raw and intermediate inputs and capital goods needed for production. In this review of experience, Madani concludes that export processing zones have limited applications; the better policy choice is to liberalize a country's entire economy. Under certain conditions - including appropriate setup and good management - export processing zones can play a dynamic role in a country's development, but only as a transitional step in an integrated movement toward general liberalization of the economy (with revisions as national economic conditions change). The World Bank, writes Madani, should be cautious about supporting export processing zone projects, doing so only on a case-by-case basis, only with expert guidance, and only as part of a general reform package. It should not support isolated export processing zone projects in unreformed or postreform economies (in the last case they might encourage backsliding on trade policy). In general, if a policy is good for the economy as a whole, it is likely to be good for an export processing zone. Sound policy will encourage: · Sound, stable monetary and fiscal policies, clear private property and investment laws, and a business-friendly economic environment. · Moderate, simplified (but not overfriendly) corporate tax schedules, and generally liberal tariffs and other trade taxes. · Private development and management of export processing zones and their infrastructure and unsubsidized utilities. · Labor laws that are business-friendly but do not abuse workers' safety and labor rights. · A better understanding of the impact of industrial refuse on the quality of air, soil, water, and human health. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the impact of trade policy and trade policy tools on development. The author may be contacted at dmadaniworldbank.org
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Detragiache, Enrica Does Deposit Insurance Increase Banking System Stability?
    Keywords: Asset Portfolio ; Asset Quality ; Bank Asset ; Bank Depos Banking Crises ; Banking Market ; Banking Sector ; Banking System ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depos Deposit Insurance ; Depositor ; Depositors ; Deposits ; Developing Countries ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Insurance Law ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Law and Development ; Liquidity ; Loan ; Monetary Fund ; Moral Hazard ; National Bank ; Private Sector Development ; Asset Portfolio ; Asset Quality ; Bank Asset ; Bank Depos Banking Crises ; Banking Market ; Banking Sector ; Banking System ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depos Deposit Insurance ; Depositor ; Depositors ; Deposits ; Developing Countries ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Insurance Law ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Law and Development ; Liquidity ; Loan ; Monetary Fund ; Moral Hazard ; National Bank ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Explicit deposit insurance tends to be detrimental to bank stability - the more so where bank interest rates are deregulated and the institutional environment is weak. - Based on evidence for 61 countries in 1980-97, Demirgüç-Kunt and Detragiache find that explicit deposit insurance tends to be detrimental to bank stability, the more so where bank interest rates are deregulated and the institutional environment is weak. The adverse impact of deposit insurance on bank stability tends to be stronger the more extensive is the coverage offered to depositors, and where the scheme is funded and run by the government rather than the private sector. This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study deposit insurance. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Deposit Insurance: Issues of Principle, Design, and Implementation (RPO 682-90). The authors may be contacted at ademirguckuntworldbank.org or edetragiache@imf.org
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Privatization and Regulation of Transport Infrastructure in the 1990s
    Keywords: Air ; Airports ; Bus ; Costs ; Driving ; Infrastructure Projects ; Private Transport ; Public Works ; Rail ; Railways ; Roads ; Safety ; Toll ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Activity ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport Infrastructure ; Transport Infrastructures ; Transport Operators ; Transport Policies ; Transport Projects ; Air ; Airports ; Bus ; Costs ; Driving ; Infrastructure Projects ; Private Transport ; Public Works ; Rail ; Railways ; Roads ; Safety ; Toll ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Activity ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport Infrastructure ; Transport Infrastructures ; Transport Operators ; Transport Policies ; Transport Projects
    Abstract: Learning to regulate fairly, effectively, and at arm's length may be the main challenge governments face in attracting private investment and financing to the transport sector. - Governments should increasingly be able to rely on the private sector for help supporting (and financing) the transport sector - especially infrastructure support services for which there is heavy demand - but first they must improve their regulatory tools and sort out the institutional mess surrounding the regulatory process. Some countries have put together creative restructuring models and financing designs that tap potential in the private sector. Roads will continue to need significant public funding, but there are innovative ways (including shadow tolls) to attract private financing for road maintenance and investment. Partnerships between the public and private sectors have remained largely untapped at ports and airports. To attract more private capital to the sector, regulators must know the cost of capital, know how to be fair to captive shippers, and have a better handle on demand - so they have more credibility when conflicts arise. Governments have overemphasized making deals and have generally underestimated the difficulty of taking on their new job as regulators. They are increasingly switching to contract-based regulation, to firm up the commitments of all parties involved, but are not adequately emphasizing contract design that anticipates problems and addresses unpredictable situations. This increases the risk of arbitrary regulatory rulings, which increases regulatory and political risks, which raises the expected rate of return required by potential investors. And all that makes future projects costlier or more difficult, adding to the effects of the 1998-99 financial crisis. As a result of increased risk, the two groups most interested in the sector are: · Large, strong operators in the sector - typically in tandem with local construction companies - that feel confident they can take on regulators in case of conflict. · Risk-takers carving a niche for themselves. Either way, taxpayers and transport users are exposed to government, regulator, or operator failures that result in contract renegotiations (the norm, rather than the exception, in transport infrastructure projects). Gains from privatization might not reach consumers, simply because governments are ignoring the importance of ensuring fair distribution of long-run gains through the early creation of independent and accountable regulatory institutions that work closely with effective competition agencies. This paper - a product of Governance, Regulation, and Finance, World Bank Institute - is part of a larger effort in the institute to increase understanding of infrastructure regulation. The author may be contacted at aestacheworldbank.org
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (26 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ghani, Ejaz Productivity Growth, Capital Accumulation, and the Banking Sector
    Keywords: Accounting ; Accounting Framework ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Sector ; Banking System ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital ; Capital Employed ; Cred Debt ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Exchange ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Lending ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Productivity ; Projects ; Risk ; Risk Management ; Savings ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wages ; Accounting ; Accounting Framework ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Sector ; Banking System ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital ; Capital Employed ; Cred Debt ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Exchange ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Lending ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Productivity ; Projects ; Risk ; Risk Management ; Savings ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wages
    Abstract: How did the East Asian miracle turn into one of the worst financial crises of the century? A case study of Malaysia provides some answers. - How did the East Asian miracle turn into one of the worst financial crises of the century? Ghani and Suri address the question using Malaysia as a case study. Many discussions of the East Asian crisis address proximate and short-run causes of the crisis, such as the current account deficit, exchange rate misalignment, and disproportionate short-run external debt relative to foreign exchange reserves. These indicators of vulnerability are themselves endogenous outcomes of deeper institutional features. Ghani and Suri argue that some long-term features of the development strategy that helped sustain high growth in the first place also contributed to the economy's increasing vulnerability. High output growth was driven by rapid growth in capital stock, for example. The banking sector played a critical role in transforming (and accelerating the transformation of) large savings into capital accumulation. But the banking sector may not have been allocating capital efficiently. Ghani and Suri find that the rapid growth in bank lending in Malaysia is negatively associated with total factor productivity growth. On the other hand, the economy's other structural strengths, such as openness to foreign direct investment and technology, helped improve productivity growth. Malaysia's exceptional growth record over the past quarter century was driven largely by the growth in physical capital stock. Total factor productivity growth may have slowed in the late 1990s, and sustaining high output growth will require greater emphasis on productivity improvements. Policies that encouraged the flow of foreign direct investment and better access to imported capital goods contributed to productivity growth. But rapid growth in bank lending relative to GDP may have slowed it. How policymakers can best slow the growth of credit is a question that remains unanswered. This paper - a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to better understand past and future sources of growth. The authors may be contacted at eghaniworldbank.org or vsuri@worldbank.org
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Venables, Anthony Geographical Disadvantage
    Keywords: Benchmark ; Economic Structures ; Elasticities ; Elasticity ; Exports ; Goods ; High Transport ; Income ; Infrastructure ; Outcomes ; Price Changes ; Prices ; Production ; Theory ; Trade ; Trade Liberalization ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Costs ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Variables ; Welfare ; Benchmark ; Economic Structures ; Elasticities ; Elasticity ; Exports ; Goods ; High Transport ; Income ; Infrastructure ; Outcomes ; Price Changes ; Prices ; Production ; Theory ; Trade ; Trade Liberalization ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Costs ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Variables ; Welfare
    Abstract: What effect does distance have on costs for economies at different locations? Exports and imports of final and intermediate goods bear transport costs that increase with distance. Production and trade depend on factor endowments and factor intensities as well as on distance and the transport intensities of different goods. - The combination of distance, poor infrastructure, and being landlocked by neighbors with poor infrastructure can make transport costs many times higher for some developing countries than for most others. Drawing on two traditions of economic modeling - Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory and von Thunen's work on the isolated state - Venables and Limão analyze the trade and production patterns of countries located at varying distances from an economic center. Predicting a country's production and trade pattern requires knowledge of the country's location, its factor endowment, and the factor intensities and transport intensities of goods. Venables and Limão define transport intensity and show how location and transport intensity should be combined with factor abundance and factor intensity in determining trade flows. A theory based on only one set of those variables, such as factor abundance, will systematically make incorrect predictions. They report that geography and endowments interact in such a way that the world divides up into economic zones with different trade patterns. Countries close to the economic center may specialize in transport-intensive activities; countries further out become diversified, producing and sometimes trading more goods; countries still further out may become import-substituting (replacing some of their imports from the center with local production); in the extreme, regions become autarkic. More remote locations have lower real incomes. Globalization changes the terms of trade, improving the welfare of regions further out from economic centers, though reducing the welfare of closer regions. Where will a new activity, such as assembly of a new product, locate? Remote locations are disadvantaged if the product has high transport intensity (perhaps because of heavy requirements for intermediate inputs). But the costs of remoteness are already incorporated into the factor prices of those regions, which makes them more attractive. Which location is chosen depends, therefore, on how existing activities compare with the new activity in transport intensity and factor intensity. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the location of economic activity. The authors may be contacted at avenablesworldbank.org or ngl4@columbia.edu
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Finger, Michael J Market Access Bargaining in the Uruguay Round
    Keywords: Concessions ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Market ; Duty Reduction ; Export Industries ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Markets ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Market Access ; Market Access Bargaining ; Public Sector Development ; Reciprocal Concessions ; Reciprocal Reduction ; Reciprocity ; Tariff ; Tariff Concessions ; Tariffs ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade Policy ; Trade Restrictions ; Unilateral Free Trade ; Unilateral Liberalization ; Concessions ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Market ; Duty Reduction ; Export Industries ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Markets ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Market Access ; Market Access Bargaining ; Public Sector Development ; Reciprocal Concessions ; Reciprocal Reduction ; Reciprocity ; Tariff ; Tariff Concessions ; Tariffs ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade Policy ; Trade Restrictions ; Unilateral Free Trade ; Unilateral Liberalization
    Abstract: December 1999 - The Uruguay Round tariff negotiations did not achieve a country-by-country balancing of concessions given and concessions received. How governments bargained was determined less by their national interests than by the interests of their politically important industrial constituencies. How tightly are trade negotiators held to winning a dollar of concession for each dollar of concession granted? The outcome of the Uruguay Round tariff negotiations suggests that such constraints were not tight. None of the delegations interviewed by Finger, Reincke, and Castro had tried to calculate for themselves the extent of concessions received. And the surplus or deficit of concessions received (over concessions given) varied widely among countries. Measuring the percentage point dollar of concessions given and received (a percentage point dollar being a reduction of the tariff by one percentage point on
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Is Knowledge Shared within Households?
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Bank ; Brochure ; Budget ; Conflict of Interest ; Earnings ; Education ; Education for All ; Family Member ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Household Expenditure ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Interest ; Interests ; Knowledge ; Law and Development ; Literacy ; Pamphlets ; Primary Education ; Public Goods ; Unemployment ; Wage ; Welfare ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Bank ; Brochure ; Budget ; Conflict of Interest ; Earnings ; Education ; Education for All ; Family Member ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Household Expenditure ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Interest ; Interests ; Knowledge ; Law and Development ; Literacy ; Pamphlets ; Primary Education ; Public Goods ; Unemployment ; Wage ; Welfare
    Abstract: December 1999: Yes - and more efficiently by women than by men, according to this analysis of household survey data for Bangladesh. An illiterate adult earns significantly more in the nonfarm economy when living in a household with at least one literate member. According to theory, a member of a collective-action household may or may not share knowledge with others in that household. Shared income gains from shared knowledge may well be offset by a shift in the balance of power within the family. But do literate members of the household share the benefits of literacy with other members of the household in practice? Using household survey data for Bangladesh, Basu, Narayan, and Ravallion find that education has strong external effects on individual earnings. When a range of personal attributes is held constant, an illiterate adult earns significantly more in the nonfarm economy when living in a household with at least one literate member. That is, a literate person is likely to share some of the benefits of his or her literacy with other members of the household. It is better to be an illiterate in a household where someone is literate than in a household of illiterates only. It is widely noted that a literate mother confers greater benefits on her children than a literate father does. But what about differences between male and female recipients of knowledge? The empirical results suggest that women are more efficient recipients, too. This paper - a joint product of the Office of the Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics, and Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to understand the relationship between literacy and balance of power in the household. This paper was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Intrahousehold Decisionmaking, Literacy, and Child Labor (RPO 683-07). The authors may be contacted at kb40cornell.edu, anarayan@worldbank.org, or mravallion@worldbank.org
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin When Is Growth Pro-Poor?
    Keywords: Absolute Poverty ; Economic Growth ; Farm Growth ; Farm Output ; Farm Productivity ; Food Policy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Household Surveys ; Human Development ; Inequality ; Measures ; Poor ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Alleviation ; Poverty Measurement ; Poverty Reducing ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Living Standards ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Absolute Poverty ; Economic Growth ; Farm Growth ; Farm Output ; Farm Productivity ; Food Policy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Household Surveys ; Human Development ; Inequality ; Measures ; Poor ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Alleviation ; Poverty Measurement ; Poverty Reducing ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Living Standards ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: December 1999 - Nonfarm economic growth in India had very different effects on poverty in different states. Nonfarm growth was least effective at reducing poverty in states where initial conditions were poor in terms of rural development and human resources. Among initial conditions conducive to pro-poor growth, literacy plays a notably positive role. Ravallion and Datt use 20 household surveys for India's 15 major states, spanning 1960-94, to study how initial conditions and the sectoral composition of economic growth interact to influence how much economic growth reduced poverty. The elasticities of measured poverty to farm yields and development spending did not differ significantly across states. But the elasticities of poverty to (urban and rural) nonfarm output varied appreciably, and the differences were quantitatively important to the overall rate of poverty reduction. States with initially lower farm productivity, lower rural living standards relative to those in urban areas, and lower literacy experienced a less pro-poor growth process. This paper - a joint product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group, and the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, South Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to better understand the conditions required for pro-poor growth. The authors may be contacted at mravallionworldbank.org or gdatt@worldbank.org
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Wang, Hua Willingness to Pay for Air Quality Improvements in Sofia, Bulgaria
    Keywords: Air Pollution ; Air Quality and Clean Air ; Biodiversity ; Choice ; Contingent Valuation ; Debt Markets ; Distribution ; E-Business ; Econometric Analyses ; Econometric Analysis ; Econometric Models ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic Value ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Exogenous Variables ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Future Studies ; Goods ; Income ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Payments ; Positive Effects ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Good ; Utility ; Utility Function ; Variables ; Air Pollution ; Air Quality and Clean Air ; Biodiversity ; Choice ; Contingent Valuation ; Debt Markets ; Distribution ; E-Business ; Econometric Analyses ; Econometric Analysis ; Econometric Models ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic Value ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Exogenous Variables ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Future Studies ; Goods ; Income ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Payments ; Positive Effects ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Good ; Utility ; Utility Function ; Variables
    Abstract: January 2000 - People in Sofia are willing to pay 4.2 percent of their income or more for a program to improve air quality. Through a survey, Wang and Whittington study willingness to pay for improvements in air quality in Sofia, Bulgaria. Using a stochastic payment card approach - asking respondents the likelihood that they would agree to pay a series of prices - they estimate the distribution of willingness to pay various prices. They find that people in Sofia are willing to pay up to about 4.2 percent of their income for a program to improve air quality. The income elasticity of willingness to pay for air quality improvements is about 27 percent. For comparison, they also used the referendum contingent valuation approach. Results from that approach yielded a higher estimate of willingness to pay. This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economics of pollution control in developing countries. Copies of the paper are available from Hua Wang may be contacted at hwang1worldbank.org
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