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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (450)
  • BSZ  (22)
  • 2015-2019  (467)
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  • Economics  (467)
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  • 1
    Buch
    Buch
    London [u.a.] : Routledge
    ISBN: 0415222400 , 0415222419 , 0415222427 , 0415222435 , 0415222443
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 cm
    Schlagwort(e): Spieltheorie ; Verhandlungstheorie ; Nash-Gleichgewicht ; Auktionstheorie ; Makroökonomik ; Sozialwissenschaft ; Theorie ; Wiederholte Spiele ; Evolutionäre Spieltheorie ; Social sciences ; Mathematical models ; Economics ; Mathematical models ; Social sciences ; Methodology ; Economics ; Methodology ; Game theory ; Bibliografie
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Paris : OECD ; Ed. 30.2006 -
    ISSN: 1995-3968 , 1999-124X , 1999-124X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: Ed. 30.2006 -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als International migration outlook ...
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Internationaler Migrationsausblick
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Perspectives des migrations internationales
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorg. Trends in international migration
    Vorheriger Titel: annual report ...
    Vorheriger Titel: SOPEMI
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Emigration and immigration Statistics ; Periodicals ; Alien labor Statistics ; Periodicals ; Emigration and Immigration ; Demography ; Economics ; Annual Reports ; Internationale Migration ; Internationale Prozesse und Tendenzen Internationale Migration ; Einwanderung/Einwanderer ; Auswanderung/Auswanderer ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; Bisherige Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Lage ; Länderbericht ; OECD countries Statistics Emigration and immigration ; Periodicals ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Bericht ; Internationale Migration ; Trend
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Buch
    Buch
    Stuttgart : Fischer | Jena : Fischer
    Sprache: Deutsch
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Sociology ; Economics ; Soziologie
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Buch
    Buch
    London : Routledge/Thoemmes
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISBN: 0415153808
    Sprache: Englisch
    DDC: 330.01
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Originaltitel: Das Kapital
    Schlagwort(e): Capital ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Buch
    Buch
    Berlin : Dietz
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISBN: 3320007491
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Ausgabe: Separatausgabe
    Schlagwort(e): Capital ; Economics ; Quelle ; Marx, Karl 1818-1883 Das Kapital
    Anmerkung: Ausgabe ist identisch mit Bd. 23 - 25 der Werke von Marx und Engels
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Sprache: Deutsch , Englisch
    Seiten: 25 cm
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Dietl, Clara-Erika, - 1996 Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Recht / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Wirtschaft / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Politik / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Englisch / O.b. Wörterbücher, Fachausdrücke0 ; Law ; Dictionaries ; Economics ; Dictionaries ; Political ; Dictionaries ; English ; Dictionaries ; German ; Law ; Dictionaries ; German ; Economics ; Dictionaries ; German ; Political ; Dictionaries ; German ; German ; Dictionaries ; English ; Mehrsprachiges Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch ; Deutsch ; Recht ; Englisch ; Deutsch ; Politik ; Englisch ; Deutsch ; Wirtschaft ; Englisch ; Recht ; Wirtschaft ; Politik
    Anmerkung: Teil 1, 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Erdsiek, Gerhard: Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik , Teil 2, 5. Aufl. mit dem Zusatz: Mit Kommentaren in deutscher und englischer Sprache , 1. - 7. Aufl , Ab 2002 parallele CD-ROM-Ausg. u.d.T.: Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik , Teilw. außerdem im Bender-Verl., New York, erschienen
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Newcastle upon Tyne, UK : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
    ISBN: 1527514811 , 9781527514812
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als International journal of peace economics and peace science. Vol. 1, no. 2
    DDC: 303.6/6
    Schlagwort(e): Peace ; Economics ; Sociology ; Political science & theory ; Peace ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; General
    Kurzfassung: Intro; Contents; Editorial Advisory Board; Foreword; Russia's Decision to Pursue Syria's Chemical Disarmament in 2013; Greed or Grievance, a Contextual Reconciliation?; Understanding China's Aid from Inside; A Paradigm Shift in Pakistan's Kashmir Policy; The PLA's Equipment Purchasing System
    Kurzfassung: The journal covers a variety of topics centered around conflict management and resolution, including the role of uneven distribution of resources, inequity in income distribution, social and political discrimination, poverty, and arms funding. It also examines the impact of developmental issues, such as water resources, energy-environment, health, urbanization, globalization, and population growth, on conflict
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISBN: 1583676937 , 9781583676936
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource)
    DDC: 306.43
    Schlagwort(e): Education Economic aspects ; Economics ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Cultural Policy ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Anthropology ; Cultural ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Popular Culture ; Economics ; Education ; Economic aspects
    Kurzfassung: Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Dedication; Acknowledgments; Introduction; 1-Educating for the Global Economy; 2-The Flat World and the Education Needed for It; 3-The U.S. Economy, Schooling, and Knowledge; 4-Corporate "Support" of Schooling and Protecting Corporations; 5-ConstrIcting the Curriculum; 6-U.S. Capitalism's Pretense of Supporting Education for the Global Economy; 7-Fighting Back; Notes; Index.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : UCL Press
    ISBN: 9781787353880
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Data analysis: general ; Humanities ; Consumerism ; Sociology ; Economics ; Human geography
    Kurzfassung: Big Data collected by customer-facing organisations – such as smartphone logs, store loyalty card transactions, smart travel tickets, social media posts, or smart energy meter readings – account for most of the data collected about citizens today. As a result, they are transforming the practice of social science. Consumer Big Data are distinct from conventional social science data not only in their volume, variety and velocity, but also in terms of their provenance and fitness for ever more research purposes. The contributors to this book, all from the Consumer Data Research Centre, provide a first consolidated statement of the enormous potential of consumer data research in the academic, commercial and government sectors – and a timely appraisal of the ways in which consumer data challenge scientific orthodoxies
    Anmerkung: English
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
    ISBN: 9781315161976 , 9781351666886 , 9781138061934 , 9780367352622
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (314 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Business & management ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Against the backdrop of growing anti-globalisation sentiments and increasing fragmentation of the production process across countries, this book addresses how the Indonesian economy should respond and how Indonesia should shape its trade and industrial policies in this new world trade environment. The book introduces evaluation not on tariffs but on new trade instruments such as non-tariff measures (SPS, TBT, export measures and beyond border measures), and looks at industrial policies from a broader perspective such as investment, accessing inputs, labour, services, research and innovation policies. “The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/10.4324/9781315161976, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.”
    Anmerkung: English
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
    ISBN: 9781351002080 , 9781138541276 , 9781351002059
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Business & management
    Kurzfassung: The Inclusive Wealth Index provides important insights into long-term economic growth and human well-being. The Index measures the wealth of nations through a comprehensive analysis of a country's productive base and the country’s wealth in terms of progress, well-being and long-term sustainability. It measures all assets which human well-being is based upon, in particular, produced, human and natural capital to create and maintain human well-being over time
    Anmerkung: English
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
    ISBN: 9781315102566 , 9781000031812 , 9781351592444 , 9780367424152 , 9781138103733
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Business & management ; Management & management techniques ; Economics ; Regional studies
    Kurzfassung: Much has been written about China’s economy, as well as its business management system. China's Global Political Economy, however, is designed to bring together these two perspectives, serving to enhance our understanding of China’s growing global role. Examining changes in the management strategies of foreign companies investing in China and Chinese enterprises doing business overseas, this book analyses China’s political economy in the context of the Communist Party’s changing policies. The introductory section begins by studying the aspects of Chinese economic growth as it impacts on domestic social issues and the projection of Chinese power abroad. Within this overall framework, it then goes on to critically assess the effects of foreign investment, business management strategies, human resource management, corporate social responsibility and the financial services sector. Arguing that the encouragement of consumption is a significant objective of the Chinese leadership, the last section is concerned with the importance of the food industry. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of Chinese business, management and international political economy, as well as policymakers and business practitioners
    Anmerkung: English
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    München : C.H.Beck
    ISBN: 9791036555831 , 9783406719073
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 267 p.)
    Serie: Münchener Beiträge zur Papyrusforschung und antiken Rechtsgeschichte
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zum Verständnis des jüdischen Rechts der Antike und zeigt insbesondere seine Verbindungen zum römischen Recht auf. Am Beispiel der talmudischen Preisregelung אונאה (sog. ona'ah), die im 2. Jahrhundert in Palästina entstand und zunächst große Unterschiede zur römischen Preissicherung bei Grundstücksverkäufen (CJ.4.44.2) aufwies, erläutert die Untersuchung, wie sich das jüdische Recht unter unterschiedlichen Herrschaftsbedingungen entwickelte. Gleichzeitig wird das römische Recht selbst durch die Einbeziehung zeitgebundener wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Rahmenbedingungen nicht bloß dogmatisch analysiert, sondern in seiner historischen Entwicklung und Vergleichbarkeit mit anderen Rechtskulturen erfasst. Beschäftigte sich die bisherige Forschung eingehend mit der römischen laesio enormis (der Begriff stammt aus dem Mittelalter), die garantierte, dass bei Landverkäufen der vereinbarte Preis die Hälfte des Wertes nicht unterschritt, fand die zeitgleiche talmudische Preisgrenze von einem Sechstel bislang kaum Beachtung. Obwohl Grundstücksgeschäfte von der אונאה (ona'ah) ausgenommen waren, liegen beiden Rechtsnormen ähnliche Vorstellungen von materiellem Wert und seiner Preisrelation zugrunde. Die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen römischem und jüdischem Recht werden anhand der schriftlichen Thora, der Tosefta, der Mischna, des palästinischen und babylonischen Talmuds, sowie anhand des Corpus Iuris Civilis, des diokletianischen Höchstpreisedikts und des Codex Theodosianus erläutert
    Anmerkung: German
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9783319727806
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: viii, 215 Seiten , Illustration
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.8
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Economics ; Ethnology ; Ethnography ; Emigration and immigration ; Social Sciences ; Ethnography ; Social Anthropology ; Migration ; Economic Systems ; International Political Economy ; Globalisierung ; Temporalität ; Kapitalismus ; Migration ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kapitalismus ; Temporalität ; Globalisierung ; Migration
    Anmerkung: Enthält Index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA; USA : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781788114301
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (360 Seiten)
    Serie: Services, economy and innovation series
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Serie: Services, economy and innovation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Services, experiences and innovation
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Dienstleistungsinnovation ; Event-Marketing ; Dynamische Kompetenzen ; Electronic Commerce ; Welt ; Customer services Technological innovations ; Economics ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: Consumers are increasingly looking to invest in experiences rather than simply a product. With innovation research moving away from the traditional focus on manufacturing towards services, this book develops a much-needed integrated approach for improving analysis of both experience and service innovation. This impressive book makes a substantial and compelling contribution to research on the interdependencies between innovation, services and experiences. Split into clear and thematically separate categories, the contributors explore systemic innovation, practice-based innovation, technology and innovation, and experiences as a catalyst for innovation. Examples are taken from the tourism industry, entrepreneurial ventures, online gaming and digital services, to provide readers with a thorough overview of the extensive impact of these innovations. Using organizational, systemic, conceptual and empirical examinations of the experience and service economies, the authors identify how top class innovation research can be extended and integrated further with other research areas. Presenting a state-of-the-art analysis of the topic, this timely book will benefit teachers of innovation, the experience economy, and information systems. Researchers of business economics, and marketing will also find this an essential foundation volume for future research on topics of innovation in a globalizing world
    Kurzfassung: Preface -- 1. Integrative perspectives to service, innovation and experience research / Ada Scupola and Lars Fuglsang -- Part I Systemic innovation -- 2. Experience and innovation in services: from human encounters to social building / Luis Rubalcaba -- 3. Fifteen advances in service innovation studies / Faridah Djellal and Faïz Gallouj -- 4. Service innovation -- organizational and systemic approaches / Marja Toivonen -- 5. Crossing the frontiers between touch points, innovation and experience design in tourism / Metka Stare and Dejan Križaj -- 6. Service innovation as search in multidimensional design spaces: conceptual opportunities and empirical examination / Pim Den Hertog -- Part II Practice-based innovation -- 7. Decentred practices of innovation in the experience economy / Jørgen Ole Bærenholdt -- 8. Towards a theory of a practice-based approach to service innovation within spheres of interaction / Lars Fuglsang -- ^9. Exploring intuition as a dynamic capability in radical new product and service development -- a conceptual approach / Niels Nolsøe Grünbaum and Marianne Stenger -- 10. Service infusion in manufacturing and corporate strategies in the service solutions market -- driving forces and components / Jørn Kjølseth Møller -- Part III Technology and innovation -- 11. Motivators and inhibitors of e-Residency adoption for global e-entrepreneurship / Linda Ujala and Ada Scupola -- 12. Services and experiences from space: satellite-enabled services and manufacturing/operators interdependencies ad hybrid products as enablers of growth / Chloe A. Billing and John R. Bryson -- 13. The innovative generativity of digital service encounters / Anders Henten Anders Henten and Jannick Kirk Sørensen -- 14. User involvement in business-to-business operational service innovation / Giulia Nardelli and Ada Scupola -- Part IV Experience as innovation motor -- ^15. Front-line employee-based experience innovation in tourism / Jens Friis Jensen and Flemming Sørensen -- 16. Wake up and smell the coffee: innovation in the coffee shop experience / Ian Miles, Ming-Fei Lee and Kantima Sawatwarakul -- 17. The new 'online' alternative food networks as a socio-technical innovation in the local food economy: two cases from Milan / Paolo Corvo e Raffaele Matacena -- 18. The Korean online game wave -- development within the experience economy / Patrik Ström and Mirko Ernkvist -- Index
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781788117937
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 202 Seiten) , Illustrations
    Serie: New thinking in political economy
    Serie: Elgaronline
    Serie: Edward Elgar books
    Serie: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Debt default and democracy
    DDC: 336.34
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentliche Schulden ; Äquivalenzprinzip ; Schuldenübernahme ; Ethik ; Schuldenmanagement ; Umschuldung ; Schuldenkrise ; Eurozone ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Neue politische Ökonomie ; Default (Finance) ; Debts, Public ; Economics ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: Contents: Preface -- Part I: Public debt and individual rationality -- 1. De Viti de Marco vs. Ricardo on public debt: self-extinction or default? / Giuseppe Eusepi and Richard E. Wagner -- 2. Governing the market for sovereign bailouts / Karsten Mause -- 3. Political obligations: is debt special? / Geoffrey Brennan -- 4. Debt default and the limits of the contractual imagination: Pareto and Mosca meet Buchanan / Richard E. Wagner -- Part II: Macro consequences and implications of public debt -- 5. Political economy of government solvency: the institutional framework for stability and sustainability / Andrea Rieck and Ludger Schuknecht -- 6. On some recent proposals of public debt restructuring in the Eurozone / Ernesto Longobardi and Antonio Pedone -- 7. Economic governance in the Euro area: balancing risk reduction and risk sharing / Fabrizio Balassone, Sara Cecchetti, Martina Cecioni, Marika Cioffi, Wanda Cornacchia, Flavia Corneli and Gabriele Semeraro -- 8. Adjustments in the balance sheets - is it normal, this "new normal"? / Liviu Voinea, Alexie Alupoaiei, Florin Dragu and Florian Neagu -- Index.
    Kurzfassung: The original chapters in this book connect the microeconomic and macroeconomic approaches to public debt. Through their thought-provoking views, leading scholars offer insights into the incentives that individuals and governments may have in resorting to public debt, thereby promoting a clearer understanding of its economic consequences. The authors explore public debt along two distinct but complementary analytical paths. One path concerns microeconomic aspects of public debt as it emerges through budgetary processes where individuals respond to the costs and gains of different courses of action. The other concerns the systemic properties of rational individuals acting within a democratic system of political economy. Within this scheme of thought, the two levels of analysis are integrated by recognition that efforts to control macro-level outcomes must address the micro-level circumstances and conditions that promote public debt as systemic budgetary outcomes. Scholars and students, as well as policy makers in public debt and political economy, will find this critical resource invaluable to understanding this vital issue
    Anmerkung: Includes index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789811071430
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 77 p. 11 illus. in color, online resource)
    Serie: SpringerBriefs in Economics
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Serie: Springer eBook Collection
    Serie: Economics and Finance
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Printed edition
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Mitra, Arup, 1961 - Labour market participation in India
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Erwerbstätigkeit ; Asiatisch-pazifischer Raum ; Indien ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Arbeitskräfte ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Economics ; Labor economics ; Culture—Economic aspects. ; Applied sociology.
    Kurzfassung: This book focuses on the gender-specific labour force participation rates across regions in India and identifies its most important determinants. Before concentrating on the Indian context, it examines the participation rates of various countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Not unexpectedly, the study shows that the rate is significantly lower for females than for males in this region. The rural-urban differentials are more pronounced and the inter-state variations are more sizable among females than males. Even in large cities, the female labour market participation is lower than that in the rural areas despite higher levels of education. However, in terms of inter-spatial (rural/urban/city) variations, the impact of infrastructure, education, health and urbanization on the labour force participation of both genders is quite distinct. On the whole, the study reinforces the stance that women’s participation in productive activities has a doubly positive impact; it not only raises the household income, but also contributes to the wellbeing of the household. These findings are important from a policy perspective, as different infrastructure variables are confirmed to improve both participation and labour productivity. As such, the book offers a valuable resource not only for researchers, but also for NGOs and policymakers
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1454
    Schlagwort(e): Armutsbekämpfung ; Armut ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Soziale Wohnungspolitik ; Frankreich ; Economics ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Thanks to a highly developed welfare state, poverty is moderate on average in France, but – as in other countries – highly concentrated in some neighbourhoods. Their residents face many social disadvantages, including high unemployment and inactivity, schools with many struggling children, often run-down housing and urban infrastructure, and a lack of local enterprises, services and amenities. The government focuses a wide array of policies on these areas to promote better schooling outcomes, employment and local economic activity. Urban renewal and public housing policies aim explicitly at promoting social mixing, often presented as an anti-ghetto policy. Evidence suggests that targeted investment in transport and housing infrastructure as well as education and training could go a long way to improving economic opportunities and well-being in poor areas. In contrast, special economic zones with tax breaks to attract business to these areas have a mixed track record at best. Greater social mixing is difficult to engineer, and it is far from clear if this by itself would improve the lives of the poor. There is a need to better link urban, social and judicial policies favouring alternative sentencing and support for offenders to integrate into society to avoid vicious circles of social disadvantage and crime.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 20
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1460
    Schlagwort(e): Bildung ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Bildungsertrag ; Humankapital ; Bildungsfinanzierung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Kolumbien ; Education ; Economics ; Colombia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates if higher public spending in education and better teacher qualifications are related to student’s performance, using data from Saber 11, a national standardized test conducted by Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación. The estimation exploits differences in both policy variables across regions and employs interactions to study if more investment in public education and higher teacher qualifications can help increase average performance and reduce the impact that socioeconomic factors, such as family income, have on student performance. The analysis proposes a model where student performance in Mathematics and Language are dependent not only on the variables of interest of this paper, but also on economic, social and cultural status, sex and age of students, and school characteristics. The results show that students’ characteristics and their environment, school features and departmental differences in the policy variables explain roughly 20% of the variation in education performance in Colombia, a relatively high percentage when compared to those found by other studies focusing on OECD countries and based on PISA. After controlling for students’ and school characteristics, the results show that in Colombia, public spending per student and teacher qualifications are positively related to better learning outcomes. For the first one, the results suggest that if all regions reach the level of spending per student of Bogota – the region with the highest spending – average math scores can increase by 3.8 to 4.3 points (around 8%), depending on the regions, with the highest improvement for low income students.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 21
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers no. 12 (February 2018)
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers
    Schlagwort(e): global value chains ; international trade ; centrality ; network analysis ; input-outputtables ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses “centrality” metrics to reflect position with Global Value Chains (GVCs). Central sectors reflect those that are highly connected (both directly and indirectly) and influential within globalproduction networks, whereas peripheral sectors exhibit weak linkages and are less influential. Applying these metrics to OECD ICIO data, reveals there have been profound changes in the structure of GVCs over the period 1995-2011. Whilst some activities remain clustered around the same key hubs as was the case at the start of the period (e.g. motor vehicles), for others there have been dramatic changes in the geography of economic activity (e.g. IT manufacturing), whereas other activities have become more influential for value chains almost universally (e.g. IT services). Several emerging economies and their industries have become more central to global production networks. We find this is particularly true of most peripheral industries of Eastern European countries, with their growing importance coinciding with the timing of their EU accession. Asian value chains have also undergone substantial reorganisation. In particular, the centrality of Japanese industries has fallen from an initial position of being the key hub within Asian value chains and the bulk of this fall does not appear to be due to the decline in size of the Japanese economy over this period. This is in contrast with trends in foreign value added content of exports of these Japanese industries, which increased over the same time period, illustrating that the centrality measure does not seem to simply reflect features captured by existing GVC metrics.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD economic policy paper no. 22 (July 2018)
    Serie: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.22
    Schlagwort(e): 2016 ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Szenariotechnik ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents long-run economic projections for 46 countries, extending the short-run projections of the Spring 2018 OECD Economic Outlook. It first sets out a baseline scenario under the assumption that countries do not carry out institutional and policy reforms. This scenario is then used as a reference point to illustrate the potential impact of structural reforms in alternative scenarios, including better governance and educational attainment in the large emerging-market economies and competition-friendly product market and labour market reforms in OECD economies. Flexibility-enhancing labour market reforms not only boost living standards but, by raising the employment rate, also help alleviate fiscal pressures associated with population ageing. Another scenario illustrates the potential positive impact of linking the pensionable age to life expectancy on the participation rate of older workers, and in particular that of women. Additional scenarios illustrate the potential economic gains from raising public investment and spending more on research and development. A final ‘negative’ scenario shows how slipping back on trade liberalisation – returning to 1990 average tariff rates – might depress standards of living everywhere.
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  • 23
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 5
    Serie: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Schlagwort(e): SME ; ombudsman ; Mexico ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Ombudsmen in OECD countries have a tradition which dates back to the 1960s. However, the establishment of SME-dedicated ombudsmen is a more recent trend which has developed along three main models: redress model; clearing house model; and advocacy model. Countries interested in introducing an SME ombudsman are, therefore, faced with an important choice about which model is most relevant to them. For countries which already have in place an effective legal reparation system, a redress-type of SME ombudsman office may result in an institutional overlap with other government offices with similar responsibilities. The advocacy model and the clearing-house model are, on the other hand, particularly relevant to countries where SMEs have not been at the top of the policy agenda and, as a result, business regulations have not been particularly sensitive to the needs of SMEs.
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  • 24
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1457
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Soziale Mobilität ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: More than a quarter of adults in the United Kingdom have low basic skills, which has a negative impact on career prospects, job quality and productivity growth. Furthermore, unlike most other countries, young adults do not have stronger basic skills than the generation approaching retirement. The lack of skills development starts at young ages and continues in secondary education; despite a modest reduction in recent years, the educational attainment gap between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged students remains high. The low participation in lifelong learning of low-skilled individuals puts them at risk of falling behind in meeting the changing skill demands of the dynamic labour market. Ongoing reforms to the vocational education and training (VET) system and apprenticeship system should have a positive impact on low-skilled productivity, enabling students to gain the necessary basic skills and for workers to find quality jobs. Improving the targeting of active labour market policies, and ensuring that the ongoing increases in the national living wage are delivered in a sustainable way will also play an important role in improving job quality and reducing the high rate of youth neither employed or in education or training. Policy responses to the rise of non-standard work will also be essential in improving the job quality of the low-skilled.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 25
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1461
    Schlagwort(e): Sparquote ; Kapitalstock ; Investition ; Leistungsbilanz ; Leistungsbilanz ; Szenariotechnik ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The paper describes the framework used in long-term economic scenarios for the projection of the saving rate, investment, capital stock and current account. The saving rate is determined according to an estimated equation which suggests that demographics, captured by the old-age dependency rate and life expectancy, is a major driver, with additional effects from the fiscal balance, labour productivity growth, the net oil trade balance, the availability of credit and the level of social protection. The evolution of the business sector capital stock depends on the economy’s cyclical position, product market regulation, employment protection legislation and the user cost of capital, and may be constrained by current account deficits depending on the degree of capital account openness. Business sector investment is derived from the capital stock projection via the usual stock-flow identity. The public sector capital stock-to-output ratio is assumed to be constant in the baseline scenario, but a public investment shock can be simulated in alternative scenarios. The current account balance is obtained as the difference between national investment and saving, and in turn determines the evolution of the net international investment position. A global interest rate premium helps to bring global saving and investment into balance.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 26
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1473
    Schlagwort(e): Zahlungsbilanz ; Außenwirtschaftliches Gleichgewicht ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Handelshemmnisse ; Wechselkurs ; Sparen ; Auslandsinvestition ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Global trade imbalances narrowed in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. They have remained at a lower level but are still of concern to policy makers because of the risks they pose to individual economies, as well as globally. However, the ultimate causes of these imbalances are not fully clear. Current account positions reflect the gap between national saving and investment, which are in turn affected by policy distortions, including in trade policy. Simulations of the OECD’s METRO model show liberalisation of existing trade distortions would modestly narrow aggregate trade imbalances in the medium term for some countries. Reducing tariffs, non-tariff measures and the combined market access and productivity-enhancing effects of pro-competitive measures in services all have some rebalancing potential. Liberalisation would also offer economically significant income gains for all countries. By contrast, narrowing trade imbalances using trade restrictions would come at disproportionately high economic costs for all countries.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 27
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1497
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftspolitik ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Lohnersatzleistungen ; Arbeitslosenversicherung ; Rückversicherung ; Rückversicherung ; Eurozone ; 2000 - 2016 ; Economics ; Euro Area ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The paper examines the possible design and macroeconomic stabilisation properties of a euro area unemployment benefits re-insurance scheme using annual historical data from 2000 to 2016. The scheme we propose is similar in some aspects to the recent proposals, including the IMF’s paper on the central fiscal capacity, while preserving important re-insurance characteristics, such as experience rating and caps on cumulative balances. Counterfactual simulations for individual euro area countries suggest that the scheme, at the cost of average annual contributions of 0.17% of national GDP, could have (i) provided additional macroeconomic stabilisation in the financial crisis of 2009-2013, both at the euro area level and at the level of individual countries hit by the crisis, and (ii) avoided permanent transfers among countries.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1455
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Gesundheit ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Frankreich ; Economics ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: France’s health-care system offers high-quality care. Average health outcomes are good, public satisfaction with the health-care system is high, and average household out-of-pocket expenditures are low. As in other OECD countries, technology is expanding possibilities for life extension and quality, and spending is rising steadily, while an ageing population requires substantially more and different services. The main challenges are to promote prevention and cost-efficient behaviour by care providers, tackle the high spending on pharmaceuticals, strengthen the role of health insurers as purchasing agents and secure cost containment. Good-quality information and appropriate financing schemes would ensure stronger efficiency incentives. Disparities of coverage across social groups and health services suggest paying greater attention to co-ordination between statutory and complementary insurance provision. Ongoing reforms to improve prevention and co-ordination among care providers are steps in the right direction. However, progress in the development of capitation-based payment schemes, which can reduce the incentives to increase the number of medical acts and encourage health professionals to spend more time with their patients, and performance-based payment schemes in primary care need to be stepped up to respond to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and curb supplier-induced demand and social disparities in access to care.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 29
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1459
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Wettbewerb ; Dynamische Kompetenzen ; Innovation ; Arbeitsangebot ; Bildung ; Norwegen ; Economics ; Norway ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Norway’s success in maintaining high living standards, low inequality and good progress in gender balance owes much to its business sector. High-productivity business-sector jobs support high wages and profits, providing capacity to fund comprehensive public services and inclusive employment practices. Ensuring that the business sector thrives as globalisation and technologies evolve further and as the oil and gas sector enters long-term decline requires maintaining business-friendly conditions. This paper examines framework conditions, notably competition legislation and policy affecting firm entry and exit (“firm dynamics”). It evaluates how best to encourage new business models, as well the growing issue of labour supply among older cohorts. Education policy’s role in providing skills conducive to good lifetime earnings is also discussed.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 30
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1462
    Schlagwort(e): Globalisierung ; Wettbewerb ; Inflation ; Marktmacht ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Declining inflation in many countries over the past few decades at the same time as rising global competition has led to a debate on the importance of globalisation for domestic inflation. This paper explores the implications of global value chain (GVC) integration and market contestability for inflation using a range of industry-level and micro-data sources. We provide evidence that rising participation in GVCs has placed downward pressure on producer price inflation, by increasing the ability of firms to substitute domestic inputs with cheaper foreign equivalents. We investigate the channels, which suggests that increased GVC participation contributed to lower inflation via downward pressures on unit labour costs – by raising productivity and reducing wages – in the importing country, especially when low-wage countries are integrated in supply chains. We then present industry-level evidence to support the conjecture that a higher level of GVC integration dampens producer price inflation by accentuating the impact of global economic slack on domestic inflation. However, we also find an increasing trend in mark-ups, suggestive of rising market power, particularly in services sectors. Thus, looking forward, there is a risk that stalling globalisation since the crisis, coupled with stronger aggregate demand and declining market contestability, could lead to inflationary pressures in the medium term, thereby letting the inflation genie out of the bottle.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 31
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1466
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzkrise ; Produktionspotenzial ; Kapitalstock ; Investition ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Akzelerator ; Hysterese ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Current weak labour productivity growth in many OECD countries reflects historically weak contributions from both total factor productivity (TFP) growth and capital deepening. The slowdown in trend productivity growth in the pre-crisis period is mostly explained by a long-established slowdown in TFP growth, but since the crisis the further deceleration is mainly due to weak capital deepening, a development apparent in practically every OECD country. Much of the weakness in the growth of the capital stock since the financial crisis can be explained by an accelerator response of investment to continued demand weakness, leading in turn to a deterioration of potential output via a hysteresis-like effect. For the most severely affected economies, the financial crisis is estimated to have reduced potential output by more than 2% via this transmission mechanism. In many OECD countries, declining government investment as a share of GDP has further exacerbated post-crisis weakness in capital stock growth, both directly and probably indirectly via adverse spillover effects on business investment. Finally, over a period when the use of conventional macro policy instruments was constrained, the slower pace of structural reform represents a missed opportunity, not least because more competition-friendly product market regulation could have boosted both investment and potential growth.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 32
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1471
    Schlagwort(e): Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Soziale Integration ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Rentenpolitik ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Regionalentwicklung ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Thailand ; Economics ; Thailand ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The Partnerships pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development cuts across all the goals focusing on the mobilisation of resources needed to implement the agenda. Thailand’s “sufficiency economy philosophy” encourages the prioritisation of long-term sustainability over short-term benefits. As such, Thailand has a long history of fiscal prudence that has served the country well in times of economic and political instability. However, relying on current fiscal buffers to finance foreseeable expenditure pressures is not sufficient or sustainable. A rapidly ageing population and shrinking workforce will weigh on future public finances and on the ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. To ensure that Thailand is well placed over the medium term to meet growing social, environmental and infrastructure requirements, the government should: (i) increase tax revenues by broadening the tax base and enhancing collection efficiency; (ii) facilitate greater private sector investment in productive infrastructure; and (iii) reform the healthcare and pension systems to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. This Working Paper relates to the Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand. (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-dimensional-review-thailand.htm)
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 33
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1474
    Schlagwort(e): 1997 - 2013 ; Netzinfrastruktur ; Deregulierung ; Exportwirtschaft ; Branchenentwicklung ; Wirtschaftsdaten ; Griechenland ; Economics ; Greece ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Global trade imbalances narrowed in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. They have remained at a lower level but are still of concern to policy makers because of the risks they pose to individual economies, as well as globally. However, the ultimate causes of these imbalances are not fully clear. Current account positions reflect the gap between national saving and investment, which are in turn affected by policy distortions, including in trade policy. Simulations of the OECD’s METRO model show liberalisation of existing trade distortions would modestly narrow aggregate trade imbalances in the medium term for some countries. Reducing tariffs, non-tariff measures and the combined market access and productivity-enhancing effects of pro-competitive measures in services all have some rebalancing potential. Liberalisation would also offer economically significant income gains for all countries. By contrast, narrowing trade imbalances using trade restrictions would come at disproportionately high economic costs for all countries.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 34
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Documents de travail du Département des Affaires économiques de l'OCDE no. 1478
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1478
    Schlagwort(e): Außenhandel ; Exportwirtschaft ; Wertschöpfung ; Tunesien ; Economics ; Tunisia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: L’ouverture de la Tunisie aux échanges internationaux et son intégration dans les chaines de valeur mondiales ont fortement progressé depuis le milieu des années 90, témoignant des avantages comparatifs du pays. Les exportations ont sensiblement augmenté, tirées par le secteur manufacturier, avec une transformation en faveur de secteurs plus intensifs en technologie et compétences. La montée en gamme et la diversification des exportations augurent d’un potentiel de croissance élevé. Cette bonne performance est pour l’essentiel le fait d’entreprises entièrement exportatrices (dites offshores), avec peu d’effet d’entrainement sur le reste de l’économie. En effet, ces entreprises s’approvisionnent peu sur le marché local et servent rarement la demande locale, reflétant en partie la complexité des procédures douanières, fiscales et administratives. La levée des contraintes à l’exportation rencontrées par les entreprises du secteur onshore et le décloisonnement entre régimes offshore et onshore permettraient à la Tunisie de se hisser dans les chaines de valeur mondiales et d’en tirer plus d’avantages, notamment en termes de progrès technologique, de création d’emplois et de richesse.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
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  • 35
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1499
    Schlagwort(e): 2007 - 2013 ; EU-Regionalpolitik ; Statistische Methode ; Wirtschaftsdaten ; EU-Mitgliedschaft ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper exploits a new database that is unique in its scale and scope containing detailed information on over two million projects carried out by one million firms that benefited from the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund in 25 EU member countries during the multi-annual financial framework 2007-2013. This database is used to get a better understanding of the characteristics of the beneficiaries of European funds and to assess the impact of the European funds on the beneficiaries’ performance in terms of employment growth, growth in fixed assets, and total factor productivity. While the data reveals substantial heterogeneity of beneficiaries and projects across and within countries, in terms of the number of projects, their total values, the average firm size and other aspects, some patterns are identified. The majority of co-funding goes to manufacturing firms as well as public institutions. The Cohesion Fund co-finances larger projects, carried out by larger, more capital-intensive firms that typically conduct large-scale infrastructure projects. In contrast, the European Social Fund co-finances smaller projects related to human capital and initiatives on the labour market. In terms of volume, the European Regional and Development Fund has the largest budget in total and co-finances a large variety of projects. Using propensity score matching techniques, we find mixed effects of structural and cohesion funds on the performance of a sample of manufacturing firms in six European countries. On average, firms that receive financial assistance hire more workers and increase their capital stock more. However, there is little evidence of additional positive total factor productivity effects for the beneficiaries.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 36
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1507
    Schlagwort(e): 1996 - 2013 ; Konjunktur ; Strukturwandel ; Gesundheitskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Health care expenditure per person, after accounting for changes in overall price levels, began to slow in many OECD countries in the early-to-mid 2000s, well before the economic and fiscal crisis. Using available estimates from the OECD’s System of Health Accounts (SHA) database, we explore common trends in health care expenditure since 1996 in a set of 22 OECD countries. We assess the extent to which the trends observed are the results of cyclical economic influences, and the respective contributions of changes in relative prices, health care volumes and coverage to the slowdown in health care expenditure growth. Our analysis suggests that cyclical factors may account for a little less than one half of the estimated slowdown in health care spending since the crisis, suggesting that structural changes have contributed to the trends. Before the crisis the slowdown in health care expenditure growth was accounted for by health care prices growing less than general prices and a reduction in care volumes, whereas the latter accounts for most of the steeper deceleration after the crisis. Although both privately and publically financed health care expenditure grew at a reduced pace during the study period, the sharp post-crisis deceleration happened mostly in the public component. When examined by function, the slowdown in publicly-financed expenditure has been largest in curative and rehabilitative care (particularly after the crisis) and in medical goods (especially pharmaceuticals), whereas the deceleration in the privately financed component is largely in medical goods (including pharmaceuticals). We conclude that structural changes in publicly financed health care have constrained the growth of care volumes (especially) and prices leading to a marked reduction in health care expenditure growth rates, beyond what could be expected based on cyclical economic fluctuations. We examine a range of government policies enacted in a selection of OECD countries that likely contributed to the structural changes observed in our analysis.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 37
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1511
    Schlagwort(e): 1982 - 2012 ; Erdölvorkommen ; Export ; Rohstoffreichtum ; Ölpreis ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Wechselkurs ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the “resource curse” phenomenon, i.e. the negative impact of oil abundance on long-term economic growth, for a set of oil exporting countries. It distinguishes between two potential drivers of resource courses: oil dependence and oil price volatility, and it investigates whether the resource curse depends on a country’s institutional and macroeconomic environment. The empirical analysis relies on a panel of 24 oil exporters between 1982 and 2012 and an error correction model. The paper provides robust evidence in favour of the resource curse hypothesis, and there is no evidence that higher quality institutions could mitigate the curse. Oil price shocks appear to have an asymmetric impact in the short run: the growth effect is positive when oil prices rise, while no statistically significant effect is observed when they fall. There is also indirect evidence that the impact of an oil price shock is partly offset by fiscal policies, particularly in countries with high oil dependence. In the long run, oil price volatility does not appear to have a statistically significant impact on GDP. Finally, exchange rate regimes seem to play a role: countries allowing their currencies to float seem to gain from positive oil price shocks in the short run, but in the long run a fixed exchange rate regime is associated with higher GDP, probably owing to active stabilisation by sovereign wealth funds.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 38
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1476
    Schlagwort(e): 2010 - 2016 ; Digitalisierung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Qualifikation ; Europa ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Insufficient diffusion of new technologies has been quoted as one possible reason for weak productivity performance over the past two decades (Andrews et al., 2016). This paper uses a novel data set of digital technology usage covering 25 industries in 25 European countries over the 2010-16 period to explore the drivers of digital adoption across two broad sets of digital technologies by firms, cloud computing and back or front office integration. The focus is on structural and policy factors affecting firms’ capabilities and incentives to adopt -- including the availability of enabling infrastructures (such as high-speed broadband internet), managerial quality and workers skills, and product, labour and financial market settings. We identify the effects of structural and policy factors based on the difference-in-difference approach pioneered by Rajan and Zingales (1998) and show that a number of these factors are statistically and economically significant for technology adoption. Specifically, we find strong support for the hypothesis that low managerial quality, lack of ICT skills and poor matching of workers to jobs curb digital technology adoption and hence the rate of diffusion. Similarly our evidence suggests that policies affecting market incentives are important for adoption, especially those relevant for market access, competition and efficient reallocation of labour and capital. Finally, we show that there are important complementarities between the two sets of factors, with market incentives reinforcing the positive effects of enhancements in firm capabilities on adoption of digital technologies
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  • 39
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1479
    Schlagwort(e): Technologiepolitik ; Hochschulpolitik ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Polen ; Economics ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Poland’s catch up with other OECD country has been largely based on productivity growth resulting from restructuring towards more productive sectors and foreign technology absorption. The economy’s own innovation capacity is relatively weak, with low investment in research and development, no tradition of commercialising research and very limited innovation activity within firms. The government plans a higher education reform to strengthen the quality of research output, science-industry cooperation and international collaboration, which are all weak. Considerable EU funding is available to support innovation. Most of it is conditioned on science-industry co-operation, which is showing initial benefits. A lively start-up scene is gradually emerging, and the government foresees considerable public support for venture capital financing. Yet, investment in higher education and research trails behind economies that have been able to build strong science and high-tech start-up activity. Poland’s many small and medium-sized enterprises have particularly low productivity, partly related to weaknesses in vocational training and adult education, as too many workers have weak basic and digital skills. The government's education reform and digital strategy address some of these issues.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 40
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1483
    Schlagwort(e): Schuldenmanagement ; Zinsstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: With still large government debt and interest payments in many OECD countries, actively adjusting debt maturity can help to minimise debt servicing costs. Temporarily lengthening the maturity of new debt issuance may lower debt servicing costs in the longer term and reduce rollover risks if interest rates increase gradually over a prolonged period and to a high level. However, if market interest rates increase fast and stay high, shortening debt maturity would be financially more beneficial though at the cost of higher rollover risks. Illustrative scenarios considered in this paper show that adjusting debt maturity may take several years before producing fiscal savings. They are likely to be moderate at best for most G7 countries, ranging from less than 0.1% to ⅓ per cent of GDP per year on average, with the exception of Italy where they could be significantly higher. In countries where debt maturity management has small fiscal effects, lengthening the debt maturity may still be pursued to reduce rollover risks.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 41
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1488
    Schlagwort(e): 1995 - 2015 ; Einkommensverteilung ; Umverteilung ; Steuerprogression ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an empirical investigation on the drivers of tax and transfer income redistribution to working-age households across the OECD over the last two decades, in a context where it has been declining in the vast majority of countries. The analytical approach is based on a reduced-form model of income redistribution which is estimated through cross-country-time series regressions. The baseline model builds on the political economy literature of income redistribution and includes a set of non-policy drivers such as labour market and socio-demographic conditions as well as measures of globalisation and technological change. The baseline model is augmented with major direct policy drivers of income redistribution covering tax revenue and social spending as well as a selection of tax and transfer policy parameters. Changes in the size of the tax and transfer systems likely to have contributed to the decline in income redistribution include the decline in social spending on cash support for working-age population and the diminishing role of personal income taxes in reducing inequality under the effect of increasing trade openness. Changes in specific tax and transfer policy instruments and parameters likely to have contributed to the decline in income redistribution include a flattening of the tax schedule in the upper-part of the wage distribution, a decline in the generosity and duration of unemployment-related transfers, including cuts to social assistance, and pension and early retirement reforms to encourage longer working life.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 42
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1492
    Schlagwort(e): Einlagensicherung ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Finanzverfassung ; Bankenregulierung ; Eurozone ; Economics ; Euro Area ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The euro area sovereign debt crisis highlighted important weaknesses in the euro area design. Fiscal policy did not build sufficient buffers before the crisis, which forced some countries to tighten fiscal policy too rapidly during the downturn to restore market confidence in sovereign borrowing. Despite this, sovereign stress remained high, weakening further the banking sectors highly exposed to government bonds, which in return reduced further market confidence in fiscal sustainability in case of banks’ bailout. As a result, monetary policy was the main public instrument to support the activity, but its effectiveness was reduced by the fragmentation of financial markets along national lines as the crisis deepened. In order to durably sever the links between banks and their sovereigns, euro area countries agreed on a banking union. The creation of a common supervisor was a very important step in that direction. However, further progress is needed in reducing and sharing risks, creating a common deposit guarantee scheme and the application of existing rules to ensure sufficient risk sharing can take place in case of crisis. At the same time, incentives need to be put in place for banks to progressively move away from a too high exposure to domestic sovereign bonds. A step in that direction could be the introduction of euro area safe asset, which would pool sovereign issuance from various countries, in parallel with gradual introduction of capital surcharges on sovereign exposures. Such progress may not be sufficient, however, for national fiscal policies and monetary policy to smooth a major crisis. The introduction of common fiscal stabilisation capacity is necessary to buttress the euro area in case of a deep recession, both at the country level and euro area level. Finally, policies aiming at further cross-border integration of capital markets should reinforce private risk sharing, reducing the burden on macro policies. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the Euro Area. (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-european-union-and-euro-area.htm)
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 43
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1517
    Schlagwort(e): 1995 - 2017 ; Internationale Konjunktur ; Dynamische Wirtschaftstheorie ; Vergleich ; Schwellenländer ; Industrieländer ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: We estimate dynamic factor models for two sub-samples between 1995 and 2017 for up to 42 advanced and emerging-market economies to investigate changes in the contribution of global and regional factors to fluctuations in real GDP per capita growth, inflation, 10-year government bond yields and equity prices. The combined average contribution of global and regional factors in explaining fluctuations of GDP growth and inflation increased between 1995-2006 and 2007-17. In contrast, for financial variables, the role of country-specific factors strengthened between these two periods. The general findings are robust to alternative specifications of the lag structure, data frequency and the country composition of the largest region. Country-specific factors explain a higher share of variation of financial variables in emerging-market economies compared with advanced economies. For all variables, there is large cross-country heterogeneity regarding the level of contributions of specific factors and their evolution over time.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 44
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1521
    Schlagwort(e): Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Konjunktur ; Probit-Modell ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper describes a method for parameterising fan charts around GDP growth forecasts of the major OECD economies as well as the aggregate OECD. The degree of uncertainty – reflecting the overall spread of the fan chart – is based on past forecast errors, but the skew – reflecting whether risks are tilted to the downside – is derived from a probit model-based assessment of the probability of a future downturn. This approach is applied to each of the G7 countries separately, with combinations of variables found to be useful in predicting future downturns at different horizons up to 8 quarters: at short horizons of 2-4 quarters, a flattening or inverted yield curve slope, recent sharp falls in house prices, share prices or credit; at longer horizons of 6-8 quarters, sustained strong growth in house prices, share prices and credit; and at all horizons, a tight labour market and rapid growth in OECD-wide (or in some cases euro-wide) house prices, share prices or credit. The in-sample fit of the probit models appears reasonably good for all G7 countries. The predicted probabilities from the probit models provide a graduated assessment of downturn risk, which is reflected in the degree of skew in the fan chart. Fan charts computed on an out-of-sample basis around pre-crisis OECD forecasts published in June 2008 encompass the extreme outturns associated with the Global Financial Crisis for five of the G7 countries. A weakness of the approach is that, although it predicts a clear majority of past downturns, it will not predict atypical downturns. For example, in the current conjuncture, it is unlikely that current concerns about risks associated with Brexit, an escalation of trade tensions or spillovers from emerging markets would be picked up by the models. At the same time, a severe downturn triggered by such atypical events might be more severe if more typical risk factors are also high.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 45
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 10
    Serie: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Schlagwort(e): SME finance ; capital markets ; financial crisis ; growth finance ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The present report analyses the extent to which capital markets have provided capital to SMEs since the GFC, focusing on three kinds of financial instruments that have proven especially important in providing finance to SMEs undergoing major transitions during the past few years: Private Equity; Private Debt; and Collective Investment Vehicles.
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  • 46
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 7
    Schlagwort(e): Lebensqualität ; Messung ; Politik ; Ecuador ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Neuseeland ; Schottland ; Schweden ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The last decade has seen major advances in the measurement of well-being in national statistics – but what are governments doing to incorporate these metrics and frameworks into policy decision making? This paper describes the progress made in many countries on measuring well-being at a national level, and the mechanisms being developed to mainstream both concepts and evidence on well-being into policy settings. In all cases, countries are adopting a multidimensional approach to the measurement of well-being, and several initiatives have been informed by extensive public consultation processes. For seven countries, detailed case studies in the Annex describe the development and implementation of policy mechanisms for integrating well-being evidence: Ecuador, France, Italy, New Zealand, Scotland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The paper finds that well-being evidence is applied at several different stages of the policy cycle, from strategic analysis and prioritization to evaluations of policy interventions. In most cases these initiatives are only a few years old, and institutional support will be vital for the durability of these mechanisms over time and through different political cycles.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 47
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 11
    Schlagwort(e): Luftverschmutzung ; Island ; Japan ; Kasachstan ; Neuseeland ; Russland ; Ukraine ; USA ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper describes and evaluates the OECD methodology to estimate Air Emission Accounts (AEAs) for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), in line with the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA).
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 48
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1512
    Schlagwort(e): 2005 - 2017 ; Selbstständige ; Zeitreihenanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Using cross-country time series panel regressions for the last two decades, this paper seeks to identify the main policy and institutional factors that explain the share of self-employment across European countries. It looks at the aggregate share of self-employed as well as its breakdown by age, skill and gender. The generosity of unemployment benefits, and to a lesser extent, spending on active labour market policies appear to be robust determinants of the long-term share of self-employed in European countries. No significant relation is found between the stringency of employment protection and aggregate self-employment. However, there are significant, and oppositely signed, impacts on high- and low-skilled self-employed separately. Both the tax wedge and the minimum wage appear to be positively related to the share of self-employed in the long term, but the relation holds for some categories of workers only.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 49
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1515
    Schlagwort(e): EU-Emissionshandel ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; EU-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the joint impact of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), Europe’s main climate change policy, on carbon emissions and economic performance of regulated companies. The impact on emissions is analysed using installation-level carbon emissions from national Polluting Emissions Registries from France, Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom complemented with data from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR). The impact on firm performance is analysed using firm-level data for all countries covered by the EU ETS. A matching methodology exploiting installation-level inclusion criteria combined with difference-in-differences is used to estimate the policy’s causal impact on installations’ emissions and on firms’ revenue, assets, profits and employment. We find that the EU ETS has induced carbon emission reductions in the order of -10% between 2005 and 2012, but had no negative impact on the economic performance of regulated firms. These results demonstrate that concerns that the EU ETS would come at a cost in terms of competitiveness have been vastly overplayed. In fact, we even find that the EU ETS led to an increase in regulated firms’ revenues and fixed assets. We explore various explanations for these findings.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris, France : OECD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1519
    Schlagwort(e): Frauen ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Ältere Menschen ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Kinderbetreuung ; Elternzeit ; Gleichberechtigung ; Berufsbildung ; Altersvorsorge ; Häusliche Pflege ; Kanada ; Economics ; Canada ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Women, youth and seniors face barriers to economic inclusion in Canada, with considerable scope to improve their labour market outcomes. There has been no progress in shrinking the gender employment gap since 2009, and women, particularly mothers, continue to earn significantly less than men, in part due to a large gap in unpaid childcare responsibilities. Outside the province of Québec, low (but increasing) rates of government support for childcare should be expanded considerably, as should fathers’ low take-up of parental leave. Skills development should be prioritised to arrest declining skills among youth and weak wage growth among young males with low educational attainment. Fragmented labour market information needs to be consolidated to address wage penalties associated with the widespread prevalence of qualifications mismatch. Growth in old-age poverty should be tackled through further increases in basic pension payments over time. Linking changes in the age of eligibility for public pensions to life expectancy would boost growth by increasing employment of older Canadians still willing and able to work. For all three groups, well-targeted expansions of in-work tax benefits and active labour market spending have the potential to increase employment.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris, France : OECD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1527
    Schlagwort(e): Qualifikation ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Niederlande ; Economics ; Netherlands ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The Dutch labour market has recovered and the unemployment rate has been converging towards pre-crisis levels. Non-standard forms of work have expanded with a strong trend towards self-employment and an increased reliance on temporary contracts. These developments may reflect a preference of some individuals for a more flexible working relationship, but they could also lower job security and job quality for others. Policies need to protect vulnerable groups in the more dynamic working environment without creating barriers to labour mobility and flexibility of the overall labour market. To improve the fairness of the tax system, policies should ensure a more level playing field between workers on different types of contracts. Regulatory policies should aim at raising labour market mobility to improve the matching of skills to jobs by easing the protection on permanent employment contracts and through a more targeted approach to activation policies for disadvantaged groups. Finally, measures should improve the skills of individuals in vulnerable groups to enhance their opportunities to find better jobs. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the Netherlands 2018 (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-the netherlands.htm).
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 52
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1531
    Schlagwort(e): Dienstleistungsgesellschaft ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Bibliometrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Services employ an ever-increasing share of workers in all OECD countries. This trend is likely to continue as it reflects deep structural forces, such as increasing consumption of services with rising incomes and population ageing and the growing role of intangible assets. Services are very diverse, but overall tend to have weaker productivity levels and growth rates than manufacturing. As a result, the shift to services entails a moderate but persistent drag on productivity growth. Still, there are reasons to hope for a pick-up in service productivity in the future, including thanks to new technologies (e.g. digital platforms, artificial intelligence). This concerns both “knowledge intensive” services (e.g. information and communication) and less knowledge intensive ones (e.g. personal transport). Harnessing this productivity potential requires adjusting policies to foster innovation and efficient use of new technologies, enhance competitive forces by reducing information asymmetries, barriers to entry and switching costs, and increase the tradability of services within countries and across borders.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Will the inflation genie stay in the bottle?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Observer Roundtable on small and medium-sized enterprises
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Industry and Services
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  • 55
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sveikiname Lietuvą!
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 56
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 57
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Protecting our water
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
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  • 58
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The cost of catastrophe: Why putting a price-tag on disaster is our best protection
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
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  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Creative multilateralism: Stronger collaboration for all
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Better policies for SMEs to scale up and go global
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Nudging us forward
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Economics
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  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 64
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Table ronde de l’Observateur de l’OCDE sur la culture et le développement local
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics
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  • 65
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Protéger notre eau
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
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  • 66
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Mali
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  • 67
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 68
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 69
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 70
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe En douceur vers de meilleurs choix d’intégrité
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 71
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 72
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics
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  • 73
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    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe People, trust and government: Getting the measure
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Economics
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  • 74
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 75
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Economics
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  • 76
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pourquoi le meilleur moyen de se prémunir des catastrophes naturelles est-il d’en chiffrer le coût ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
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  • 77
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 78
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Trade
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  • 79
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Economics
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  • 80
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multilatéralisme créatif : une collaboration renforcée, pour tous
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 81
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
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  • 82
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 83
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Economics
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  • 84
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 85
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    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Economics
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  • 86
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Development ; Economics
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  • 87
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1456
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Dezentralisierung ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The United Kingdom displays large regional disparities in productivity compared to most other OECD countries, with a large gap between London and most other regions. This holds back aggregate productivity and growth, and contributes to regional differences in living standards. To make the lagging regions more attractive to companies and workers, transport links between and within cities should be improved by increasing infrastructure investment outside London. Another policy priority is to improve the local business environment through more spending on innovation and increased support for investment and skills. Also, local authorities should have more freedom in setting education and training goals and the land-use planning system has to be more responsive to meet housing needs in cities. The role of subnational government is sub-par relative to the OECD average, but more devolution has recently been introduced in several city-regions. Such efforts towards more decentralization need to continue to cover larger parts of the country and involve greater transfers of powers and responsibilities at the local level.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 88
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1458
    Schlagwort(e): Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Öffentliche Investition ; Projektmanagement ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Norwegen ; Economics ; Norway ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Norway makes substantial public investment in transport and this has intensified in recent years. There is potentially large economic benefit from such investment, particularly as good transport infrastructure can help Norway’s transition away from oil-related activities. However, realising these gains requires sound processes for selecting and delivering projects. This paper assesses the investment process from initial proposals through evaluation, discussion, selection, approval, implementation, and ex post evaluation. It finds that, although the policy process at each stage is clear, and the planning framework has central oversight, final choices of project are often sub-optimal. The paper identifies a need for stronger top-down influence in the planning process and more influence of economic-efficiency considerations in project selection. It also calls for efforts to broaden ex post assessment of transport investment projects and reduction in project delays.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 89
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1463
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivität ; Investition ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Wettbewerb ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Steuer ; Außenhandel ; Infrastruktur ; Qualifikation ; Finanzmarkt ; Innovation ; Rechtsstaat ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Argentinien ; Economics ; Argentina ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Over the last decades Argentina’s living standards have lost ground relative to other developed and emerging economies. Putting Argentina on a path to stronger, inclusive and job-rich growth requires boosting productivity and strengthening investment through wide-ranging structural reforms. Areas that require reforms include the regulation of product and labour markets, taxes, infrastructure, skills, innovation, trade policy, rule of law and financial markets. Beyond changing the rules, implementation and restoring institutional capacity are equally important. Enhancing competition, for which implementation and institutions are particularly relevant, would stimulate private investment, facilitating the creation of new firms and jobs, and would bring benefits to consumers through lower prices. Finding the right packaging and sequencing of reforms is important to exploit synergies across different areas, to manage trade-offs and to protect the vulnerable from the costs of adjustment. In this context, improving active labour market policies and training can support workers in acquiring new skills and in getting ready for new jobs, improving their capacity to adjust to a changing economy.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 90
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Documents de travail du Département des Affaires économiques de l'OCDE no. 1477
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1477
    Schlagwort(e): Investitionspolitik ; Tunesien ; Economics ; Tunisia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Depuis le début des années 2000, le taux d'investissement a fléchi, tiré par la baisse de l'investissement des entreprises. Son niveau est faible par rapport à celui d'autres pays émergents. Les principales causes sont : des réglementations excessives sur le marché des produits, associées à des procédures administratives complexes, une fiscalité peu prévisible, des difficultés croissantes pour le passage des biens en douane et le transport maritime des marchandises ainsi qu’un système financier peu favorable aux jeunes entreprises et à celles en forte croissance. La levée de ces contraintes est essentielle pour relancer l'investissement des entreprises et, avec lui, la productivité, la création d'emplois, la compétitivité et le pouvoir d'achat de tous les tunisiens. La nouvelle loi sur l'investissement, en simplifiant le régime des autorisations, est un pas dans la bonne direction mais devra être pleinement mise en oeuvre et accompagnée par d'autres réformes. Il serait aussi souhaitable de mieux cibler les actions de l'État pour soutenir l'investissement, et notamment d'évaluer systématiquement l'impact et les bénéficiaires des incitations fiscales, y compris celles en faveur du logement. Parallèlement, il faut mieux gérer les infrastructures existantes et prioriser les projets d'infrastructure.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 91
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1481
    Schlagwort(e): Familienleistungsausgleich ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Familienpolitik ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Kinderarmut ; Polen ; Economics ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In 2016 the Polish government introduced a large new child benefit, called “Family 500+”, with the aim to increase fertility from a low level and reduce child poverty. The benefit is universal for the second and every further child and means-tested for the first child. Increasing out-of-work income significantly, the transfer can reduce incentives to participate in the labour market. We study the impact of the new benefit on female labour supply, using Polish Labour Force Survey data. Based on a difference-in-differences methodology we find that the labour market participation rates of women with children decreased after the introduction of the benefit compared to childless women. The estimates suggest that by mid-2017 the labour force participation rate of mothers dropped by 2- 3 percentage points, depending on the estimation specification, as a result of the “Family 500+” benefit. The effect was higher among women with lower levels of education and living in small towns.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 92
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1485
    Schlagwort(e): Strukturpolitik ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Soziale Integration ; Costa Rica ; Economics ; Costa Rica ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Owing to past structural reforms, Costa Rica has enjoyed robust GDP growth and productivity levels are gradually converging towards the OECD average. However, large GDP per capita and productivity gaps persist. In addition, not everyone has benefited from this growth. Inequality has increased and labour market conditions are a concern. Costa Rica has a lower share of employed workers in the population than almost all OECD countries, unemployment remains well above its pre-global-financial-crisis level, labour market participation has decreased and the share of informal jobs is high. Recognising these challenges, Costa Rica has accelerated its structural reform momentum recently, with policy reforms underway or planned in several areas that present win-win opportunities to boost both productivity and inclusion. These include efforts to tackle labour market informality, simplify the minimum wage structure, increase competition and reduce regulatory burdens. In addition to further reforms in these priority areas, structural policy improvements are also needed to increase outcomes and reduce inequalities in education and address significant transport infrastructure gaps.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 93
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1489
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Politische Reform ; Irland ; Economics ; Ireland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The Irish economy has experienced a decline in productivity growth over the past decade. This has mostly reflected the poor performance of local firms, with the large productivity gap between foreign-owned and local enterprises having widened. Given the mobility of foreign-owned firms, achieving sustainable productivity growth requires addressing productivity stagnation in the local business sector. Government policy should ensure high-potential businesses can enter markets and expand unimpeded, and that the most productive firms thrive in the market. To achieve this, some aspects of the regulatory environment for businesses need to be reformed and the quality of Irish infrastructure improved. Access to finance for high-performing firms must be broadened as well, through restoring credit supply in the banking sector, developing equity finance and improving public financial support. It needs to be assured that government policy is also calibrated to encourage productivity-enhancing knowledge spillovers from frontier firms. Trade linkages and research collaboration between foreign-owned and local firms can be better promoted. However, the ability for local firms to absorb new knowledge relies on their investment in knowledge based capital and managerial skills. These can be promoted by greater direct government funding of business R&D, supporting labour mobility across firms, and worker participation in lifelong learning activities.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 94
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1493
    Schlagwort(e): Governance-Ansatz ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Staatsbankrott ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the effect of structural characteristics on debt limits of middle income countries. Two equations relate the probability of default to the interest rate. First, the probability of default is estimated with a logit model. Second, the assumption of non-arbitrage opportunity on the sovereign bond market relates the interest rate, the probability of default and the recovery rate. This model leads to three situations: a single and stable solution at low debt, multiple equilibria with stable and unstable solutions at intermediate debt, and a single solution with dissuasively high risk-premium beyond a debt threshold: this defines the debt limit. It reflects the empirical evidence on default determinants: it increases with perceived government effectiveness, the export to GDP ratio and the expected recovery rate and decreases with the commodity export to GDP ratio, the size of growth shocks, the share of defaults in neighbouring countries, the risk-free rate and investors’ risk aversion. Debt limits are highly sensitive to the expected recovery rate, reflecting the importance of credibility. The multiple equilibria case illustrates the risk of self-fulfilling crises: interest rate shocks can trigger the default below the debt limit.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 95
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1494
    Schlagwort(e): Governance-Ansatz ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Staatsbankrott ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides robust empirical evidence that government effectiveness is a key determinant of sovereign defaults. Government effectiveness is measured by a broad-based perception index of the Worldwide Governance Indicators database (WGI) disseminated by the World Bank. Public debt and sovereign default data cover both external and internal government debt. In a systematic and demanding robustness check with any possible sub-sample of a large set of control variables, the effect of government effectiveness is almost always robust. In addition, the effects of the five other main indicators of the WGI database on default risk are also investigated, showing that the rule of law, regulatory quality, control of corruption and voice and accountability are also robustly linked with default risk. Regressions with the mortality of settlers as an instrument indicate a causal effect from government effectiveness to sovereign default.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 96
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1510
    Schlagwort(e): KMU ; Unternehmensgründung ; Digitalisierung ; Innovationssystem ; Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Risikokapital ; Business Angels ; Technologiepark ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Insolvenz ; Südkorea ; Economics ; Korea, Republic of ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Making SMEs and start-ups a driver of growth and job creation requires a number of policies to improve the performance of SMEs, whose labour productivity in the manufacturing sector has fallen to less than a third of that in large companies. The large-scale support for SMEs should shift from supporting the survival of firms to raising productivity. Measures to accelerate SMEs' take-up of new technology and increase their participation in international trade would boost productivity and inclusive growth. Given the chronic labour shortages facing SMEs, reforming the education system to reduce labour market mismatch is a priority. Relaxing the regulatory burden and government control would allow innovative SMEs to create new products and services. Entrepreneurship is lagging, reflecting a higher fear of failure and a lack of skills in Korea. Upgrading entrepreneurship education and lowering the personal costs faced by entrepreneurs who fail would be beneficial. A greater role for venture capital, in part by activating the M&A market to allow investors to recuperate their funds, would encourage firm creation. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of Korea (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-korea.htm)
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 97
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers no. 11 (February 2018)
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Multinational enterprises ; labor productivity ; human capital ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Israel ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: We examine the impact of multinational enterprises (MNEs) on labor productivity in two ways: 1) creating high-paying jobs; and 2) improving employees’ human capital. Our analysis is based on a unique database that matches workers to companies, for the 450 largest companies in Israel, during the years 2005-2010. The main challenge in dentifying the impact of MNEs on labor productivity stems from their tendency to cherry-pick workers. This study offers an innovative solution to this selection bias by constructing a sample of employees who have all worked at MNEs at some point. We find that, on average, current employment at a MNE is associated with a wage premium of 8.3%. Moreover, past work experience at a MNE has a positive 1.6% impact on wages. Although economically significant, the results are relatively modest compared to those reported in the literature. In addition, we differentiate MNEs according to size and brand recognition, and find that the impact on wages is larger for leading MNEs. These results were found to be stable with respect to changes in the sample and in specifications.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 98
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers no. 15 (September 2018)
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Firm level productivity ; labour productivity ; multifactor productivity ; productivity distribution ; productivity dispersion ; MultiProd ; productivity frontier ; resource allocation ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Ireland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Productivity is the ultimate driver of sustainable increases in living standards. While Ireland is a high productivity country, it has not been immune from the global productivity slowdown, with the pace of growth on a downward trend throughout the 2000s. Little research has been carried out as to the determinants behind the productivity slowdown in Ireland, and even less so with microdata. To fill the gap, we use a firm-level panel dataset based on production surveys from Ireland’s national statistics office, together with the OECD MultiProd model, in order to identify productivity patterns and trends distributed by percentile, sector, ownership, as well as measures of the efficiency of resource allocation. Our results show a widening of the productivity gap between the most and least productive firms, with the majority of firms experiencing a decline in productivity since the mid-2000s, and also confirm that aggregate results are driven by the impact of foreign dominated sectors, with foreign firms typically larger and more productive. These results are significant in terms of enterprise policy and featured prominently in the OECD’s 2018 Economic Survey of Ireland.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 4
    Serie: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Schlagwort(e): Regulation ; SME Finance ; Public Policy ; Crowdfunding ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The present report is a case study on crowdfunding as a finance instrument for SMEs and entrepreneurs. The report aims to examine the characteristics, diffusion and uptake by new firms and existing SMEs, assessing its effectiveness in supporting innovative or potentially high-growth firms to overcome financial constraints; to evaluate what contextual factors can improve or hamper SME access to crowdfunding opportunities; to illustrate policy experiences and programme outcomes; and to identify good practices that promote the broader use of this financing technique.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1491
    Schlagwort(e): Europäische Integration ; Wirtschaftsintegration ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Arbeitsmigranten ; EU-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Europe’s economy is finally growing robustly. These positive developments provide an opportunity to renew efforts to meet the long-term challenges facing the European Union (EU). The EU’s record on reducing regional income disparities is mixed and this explains some of citizens’ discontent with the European project. Reforming cohesion policy by focusing spending more on items with long-term growth benefits and clear spillovers across borders, including human capital and infrastructure investment could further support income convergence. Higher co-funding rates and less burdensome administration of the cohesion and structural funds could encourage greater spending effectiveness. Sustained improvements in living standards are held back by weak productivity and investment in many countries. Reviving the single market project, by removing remaining barriers in services, energy, digital and transport can help to spur long-term growth. Deepening the single market and faster adoption of digital technologies will create new jobs but put at risk others, perhaps in lagging regions. The EU can help lagging regions catch up by reforming cohesion policy and facilitating firm creation through the removal of barriers across the single market. It can also support better those who lose out from globalisation and are displaced by technological change by making access to the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund easier and broadening its scope not only to help workers displaced by globalisation or an economic crisis, but also due to other reasons such as automation. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the European Union. (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-european-union-and-euro-area.htm)
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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