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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (902)
  • BSZ  (190)
  • 2015-2019  (933)
  • 1975-1979  (4)
  • 1960-1964  (2)
  • 1950-1954  (2)
  • 2018  (933)
  • Education  (474)
  • Economics  (467)
Datasource
Material
Years
Year
  • 1
    ISBN: 0415222400 , 0415222419 , 0415222427 , 0415222435 , 0415222443
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 cm
    Keywords: Spieltheorie ; Verhandlungstheorie ; Nash-Gleichgewicht ; Auktionstheorie ; Makroökonomik ; Sozialwissenschaft ; Theorie ; Wiederholte Spiele ; Evolutionäre Spieltheorie ; Social sciences ; Mathematical models ; Economics ; Mathematical models ; Social sciences ; Methodology ; Economics ; Methodology ; Game theory ; Bibliografie
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; Ed. 30.2006 -
    ISSN: 1995-3968 , 1999-124X , 1999-124X
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Ed. 30.2006 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International migration outlook ...
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Internationaler Migrationsausblick
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Perspectives des migrations internationales
    Former Title: Vorg. Trends in international migration
    Former Title: annual report ...
    Former Title: SOPEMI
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Emigration and immigration Statistics ; Periodicals ; Alien labor Statistics ; Periodicals ; Emigration and Immigration ; Demography ; Economics ; Annual Reports ; Internationale Migration ; Internationale Prozesse und Tendenzen Internationale Migration ; Einwanderung/Einwanderer ; Auswanderung/Auswanderer ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; Bisherige Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Lage ; Länderbericht ; OECD countries Statistics Emigration and immigration ; Periodicals ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Bericht ; Internationale Migration ; Trend
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Stuttgart : Fischer | Jena : Fischer
    Language: German
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sociology ; Economics ; Soziologie
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  • 4
    ISBN: 0415153808
    Language: English
    DDC: 330.01
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Uniform Title: Das Kapital
    Keywords: Capital ; Economics
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  • 6
    ISBN: 3320007491
    Language: German
    Edition: Separatausgabe
    Keywords: Capital ; Economics ; Quelle ; Marx, Karl 1818-1883 Das Kapital
    Note: Ausgabe ist identisch mit Bd. 23 - 25 der Werke von Marx und Engels
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  • 7
    Language: German , English
    Pages: 25 cm
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dietl, Clara-Erika, - 1996 Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik
    RVK:
    Keywords: Recht / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Wirtschaft / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Politik / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Englisch / O.b. Wörterbücher, Fachausdrücke0 ; Law ; Dictionaries ; Economics ; Dictionaries ; Political ; Dictionaries ; English ; Dictionaries ; German ; Law ; Dictionaries ; German ; Economics ; Dictionaries ; German ; Political ; Dictionaries ; German ; German ; Dictionaries ; English ; Mehrsprachiges Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch ; Deutsch ; Recht ; Englisch ; Deutsch ; Politik ; Englisch ; Deutsch ; Wirtschaft ; Englisch ; Recht ; Wirtschaft ; Politik
    Note: Teil 1, 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Erdsiek, Gerhard: Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik , Teil 2, 5. Aufl. mit dem Zusatz: Mit Kommentaren in deutscher und englischer Sprache , 1. - 7. Aufl , Ab 2002 parallele CD-ROM-Ausg. u.d.T.: Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik , Teilw. außerdem im Bender-Verl., New York, erschienen
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9783319787473
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 410 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Palgrave studies in educational futures
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Educational Futures Ser.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Education ; Educational sociology ; Education Philosophy ; Education and sociology ; Sociology, Educational ; Education ; Educational sociology ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: This volume weaves together a variety of perspectives aimed at confronting a spectrum of ethico-political global challenges arising in the Anthropocene which affect the future of life on planet earth. In this book, the authors offer a multi-faceted approach to address the consequences of its imaginary and projective directions. The chapters span the disciplines of political economy, cybernetics, environmentalism, bio-science, psychoanalysis, bioacoustics, documentary film, installation art, geoperformativity, and glitch aesthetics. The first section attempts to flesh out new aspects of current debates. Questions over the Capitaloscene are explored via conflations of class and climate, revisiting the eco-Marxist analysis of capitalism, and the financial system that thrives on debt. The second section explores the imaginary narratives that raise questions regarding non-human involvement. The third section addresses ’geoartisty,’ the counter artistic responses to the speculariztion of climate disasters, questioning eco-documentaries, and what a post-anthropocentric art might look like. The last section addresses the pedagogical response to the Anthropocene
    Abstract: 1. Struggles in the Planet Factory: Class Composition and Global Warming -- 2. Situating the Anthropocene Historically: Moving Beyond the Eco-Marxism of Jason W. Moore and John Bellamy Foster -- 3. Making Our Way in a World of Our Making: The Anthropocene, Debt-Money, and the Pre-Emptive Production of Our Future -- 4. Catch ‘Em All and Let Man Sort ‘Em Out: Animals and Extinction in the World of Pokémon GO -- 5. Intervals of Resistance: Being True to the Earth in the Light of the Anthropocene -- 6. Sounding the Anthropocene -- 7. Geoartistry: Invoking the Postanthropocene via Other-Than-human Art -- 8. “Like watching a movie”: Notes on the Possibilities of Art in the Anthropocene -- 9. FOAMA or … You Make Me Feel Like Gasoline Looks on Water -- 10. Catastrophism and Its Critics: On the New Genre of Environmentalist Documentary Film -- 11. Slow Motion Electric Chiaroscuro: An Experiment in Post-Anthropocenic Landscape Art -- 12. Situations for Empathic Movement -- 13. Against Climate Stoicism: Learning to Fight in the Anthropocene -- 14. The Earth is Not “Ours” to Save -- 15. Pedagogic Fictions for Precarious Futures
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789813234918 , 9813234911
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 193 Seiten , Illustrationen , 24 cm
    Edition: Asian edition
    DDC: 303.49
    RVK:
    Keywords: Economic development 21st century ; International trade 21st century ; Education 21st century ; Mass media 21st century ; Social prediction ; Twenty-first century Forecasts ; Social change ; Progress Forecasting ; Economic development ; Education ; International trade ; Mass media ; Progress Forecasting ; Social change ; Social prediction ; Twenty-first century
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newcastle upon Tyne, UK : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
    ISBN: 1527514811 , 9781527514812
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International journal of peace economics and peace science. Vol. 1, no. 2
    DDC: 303.6/6
    Keywords: Peace ; Economics ; Sociology ; Political science & theory ; Peace ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; General
    Abstract: Intro; Contents; Editorial Advisory Board; Foreword; Russia's Decision to Pursue Syria's Chemical Disarmament in 2013; Greed or Grievance, a Contextual Reconciliation?; Understanding China's Aid from Inside; A Paradigm Shift in Pakistan's Kashmir Policy; The PLA's Equipment Purchasing System
    Abstract: The journal covers a variety of topics centered around conflict management and resolution, including the role of uneven distribution of resources, inequity in income distribution, social and political discrimination, poverty, and arms funding. It also examines the impact of developmental issues, such as water resources, energy-environment, health, urbanization, globalization, and population growth, on conflict
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 11
    ISBN: 1583676937 , 9781583676936
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource)
    DDC: 306.43
    Keywords: Education Economic aspects ; Economics ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Cultural Policy ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Anthropology ; Cultural ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Popular Culture ; Economics ; Education ; Economic aspects
    Abstract: Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Dedication; Acknowledgments; Introduction; 1-Educating for the Global Economy; 2-The Flat World and the Education Needed for It; 3-The U.S. Economy, Schooling, and Knowledge; 4-Corporate "Support" of Schooling and Protecting Corporations; 5-ConstrIcting the Curriculum; 6-U.S. Capitalism's Pretense of Supporting Education for the Global Economy; 7-Fighting Back; Notes; Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : UCL Press
    ISBN: 9781787353880
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Data analysis: general ; Humanities ; Consumerism ; Sociology ; Economics ; Human geography
    Abstract: Big Data collected by customer-facing organisations – such as smartphone logs, store loyalty card transactions, smart travel tickets, social media posts, or smart energy meter readings – account for most of the data collected about citizens today. As a result, they are transforming the practice of social science. Consumer Big Data are distinct from conventional social science data not only in their volume, variety and velocity, but also in terms of their provenance and fitness for ever more research purposes. The contributors to this book, all from the Consumer Data Research Centre, provide a first consolidated statement of the enormous potential of consumer data research in the academic, commercial and government sectors – and a timely appraisal of the ways in which consumer data challenge scientific orthodoxies
    Note: English
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group
    ISBN: 9783631712108
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (197 p.)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This edited volume provides a comparative analysis of the history of borderland children during the 20th Century. More than their parents, children were envisioned to play a crucial role in bringing about a peaceful Europe. The contributions show the complexity of nationalisation within various spheres of borderland children´s lives and display the dichotomy between nationalist policies and manifest non-national practices of borderland children. Despite the different imaginations of East and West that had influenced peace negotiators after both World Wars, moreover, borderland children in Western and Central Europe invented practices that contributed to the creation of a socially cohesive Europe
    Abstract: Dieser Sammelband bietet eine vergleichende Analyse der Geschichte von Kindern des 20. Jahrhunderts, die an Grenzen aufgewachsen sind. Noch mehr als ihre Eltern, sollten diese Kinder eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Schaffung eines friedlichen Europas spielen
    Note: English
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
    ISBN: 9781315161976 , 9781351666886 , 9781138061934 , 9780367352622
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (314 p.)
    Keywords: Business & management ; Economics
    Abstract: Against the backdrop of growing anti-globalisation sentiments and increasing fragmentation of the production process across countries, this book addresses how the Indonesian economy should respond and how Indonesia should shape its trade and industrial policies in this new world trade environment. The book introduces evaluation not on tariffs but on new trade instruments such as non-tariff measures (SPS, TBT, export measures and beyond border measures), and looks at industrial policies from a broader perspective such as investment, accessing inputs, labour, services, research and innovation policies. “The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/10.4324/9781315161976, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.”
    Note: English
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
    ISBN: 9781351002080 , 9781138541276 , 9781351002059
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Economics ; Business & management
    Abstract: The Inclusive Wealth Index provides important insights into long-term economic growth and human well-being. The Index measures the wealth of nations through a comprehensive analysis of a country's productive base and the country’s wealth in terms of progress, well-being and long-term sustainability. It measures all assets which human well-being is based upon, in particular, produced, human and natural capital to create and maintain human well-being over time
    Note: English
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
    ISBN: 9781315179131 , 9781138896505 , 9781138896529
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This book examines the principles and practice of authentic assessment. It seeks to answer the following questions. What is authentic assessment? How is authentic assessment different from 'performance assessment' or 'alternative assessment'? How can authentic assessment support learner-centred education, especially when a performance-oriented culture favours pen-and-paper examinations? The book is structured into two major parts. The first, 'Principles of authentic assessment design', provides readers with a conceptual explanation of authenticity; the principles for designing quality authentic assessments for valid evidence of student learning; and guidance about how to develop quality rubrics to structure assessment tasks. The second part of the book, 'Theory into practice' provides examples developed by teachers to demonstrate an understanding of authentic assessment. The subject areas covered include humanities, languages, mathematics, sciences, character and citizenship. Two case studies are discussed to demonstrate how authentic assessment can be used to comprehensively address key learning objectives in a variety of curriculum contexts. This book provides practitioners with concrete examples on how to develop authentic assessment to suit their context and also enhance their students’ learning. The book will also enable teachers to face assessment challenges present in our changing world
    Note: English
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
    ISBN: 9781315102566 , 9781000031812 , 9781351592444 , 9780367424152 , 9781138103733
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Keywords: Business & management ; Management & management techniques ; Economics ; Regional studies
    Abstract: Much has been written about China’s economy, as well as its business management system. China's Global Political Economy, however, is designed to bring together these two perspectives, serving to enhance our understanding of China’s growing global role. Examining changes in the management strategies of foreign companies investing in China and Chinese enterprises doing business overseas, this book analyses China’s political economy in the context of the Communist Party’s changing policies. The introductory section begins by studying the aspects of Chinese economic growth as it impacts on domestic social issues and the projection of Chinese power abroad. Within this overall framework, it then goes on to critically assess the effects of foreign investment, business management strategies, human resource management, corporate social responsibility and the financial services sector. Arguing that the encouragement of consumption is a significant objective of the Chinese leadership, the last section is concerned with the importance of the food industry. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of Chinese business, management and international political economy, as well as policymakers and business practitioners
    Note: English
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bad Heilbrunn : Verlag Julius Klinkhardt
    ISBN: 9783781522442 , 9783781556522
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (253 p.)
    Keywords: Education ; Universities
    Abstract: The volume asks about the specific subject matter in different workshops: What is “the thing” that is dealt with in workshops? What is the importance of “the thing” in the context of pedagogical support? How is “the matter” approached from a pedagogical point of view? How does a subject matter influence the pedagogical approach in learning workshops? Learning workshop work must meet these dual demands in order to enable children to encounter things in an educationally effective way. In the articles in this volume, the authors describe their focus on “the thing” in their learning workshops from different professional, didactic and pedagogical perspectives
    Abstract: Der Band stellt die Frage nach der spezifischen Fachlichkeit in verschiedenen Lernwerkstätten: Was ist „die Sache“, die in Lernwerkstätten behandelt wird? Welchen Stellenwert hat „die Sache“ vor dem Hintergrund einer pädagogischen Begleitung? Wie wird „der Sache“ aus pädagogischer Sicht begegnet? Wie beeinflusst eine fachliche Sache den pädagogischen Umgang in Lernwerkstätten? Lernwerkstattarbeit muss sich diesem doppelten Anspruch stellen, um Kindern die Begegnung mit Sachen bildungswirksam zu ermöglichen. In den Beiträgen dieses Bandes beschreiben die AutorInnen ihre Fokussierung auf „die Sache“ in ihren Lernwerkstätten aus verschiedenen fachlichen, didaktischen und pädagogischen Blickwinkeln. (DIPF/Orig.)
    Note: German
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Verlag Barbara Budrich
    ISBN: 9783847422259
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (305 p.)
    Series Statement: Qualitative Fall- und Prozessanalysen. Biographie - Interaktion - soziale Welten
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Bereits vor der Einschulung sind Bildung und ihre gezielte Förderung zentrale Themen im frühkindlichen Alltag. Vor diesem Hintergrund tragen entsprechende Orientierungen und Praktiken potentiell zur Genese sozialer Ungleichheit bei. Wie dies geschieht, untersucht die Autorin auf der Grundlage von drei ethnographischen Fallstudien mittels qualitativer Mehrebenenanalyse. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Eltern, ErzieherInnen, LehrerInnen und Kinder gemeinsam Ungleichheitsrelevanz herstellen und so Schaltstellen der Entstehung möglicher Vor- und Nachteile zwei- bis vierjähriger Kinder im luxemburgischen Bildungs- und Betreuungssystem schaffen
    Note: German
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
    ISBN: 9781315109190 , 9781351612326 , 9780367607234 , 9781138089495
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Research Through, With and As Storying explores how Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars can engage with storying as a tool that disassembles conventions of research. The authors explore the concept of storying across different cultures, times and places, and discuss principles of storying and storying research, considering Indigenous, feminist and critical theory standpoints. Through the book, Phillips and Bunda provide an invitation to locate storying as a valuable ontological, epistemological and methodological contribution to the academy across disciplines, arguing that storying research gives voice to the marginalised in the academy. Providing rich and interesting coverage of the approaches to the field of storying research from Aboriginal and white Australian perspectives, this text seeks to enable a profound understanding of the significance of stories and storying. This book will prove valuable for scholars, students and practitioners who seek to develop alternate and creative contributions to the production of knowledge
    Note: English
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : African Minds Publishers
    ISBN: 9781928331940
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Young scientists are a powerful resource for change and sustainable development, as they drive innovation and knowledge creation. However, comparable findings on young scientists in various countries, especially in Africa and developing regions, are generally sparse. Therefore, empirical knowledge on the state of early-career scientists is critical in order to address current challenges faced by those scientists in Africa. This book reports on the main findings of a three-and-a-half-year international project in order to assist its readers in better understanding the African research system in general, and more specifically its young scientists. The first part of the book provides background on the state of science in Africa, and bibliometric findings concerning Africa�s scientific production and networks, for the period 2005 to 2015. The second part of the book combines the findings of a large-scale, quantitative survey and more than 200 qualitative interviews to provide a detailed profile of young scientists and the barriers they face in terms of five aspects of their careers: research output; funding; mobility; collaboration; and mentoring. In each case, field and gender differences are also taken into account. The last part of the book comprises conclusions and recommendations to relevant policy- and decision-makers on desirable changes to current research systems in Africa
    Note: English
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9791036555831 , 9783406719073
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 267 p.)
    Series Statement: Münchener Beiträge zur Papyrusforschung und antiken Rechtsgeschichte
    Keywords: History ; Economics
    Abstract: Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zum Verständnis des jüdischen Rechts der Antike und zeigt insbesondere seine Verbindungen zum römischen Recht auf. Am Beispiel der talmudischen Preisregelung אונאה (sog. ona'ah), die im 2. Jahrhundert in Palästina entstand und zunächst große Unterschiede zur römischen Preissicherung bei Grundstücksverkäufen (CJ.4.44.2) aufwies, erläutert die Untersuchung, wie sich das jüdische Recht unter unterschiedlichen Herrschaftsbedingungen entwickelte. Gleichzeitig wird das römische Recht selbst durch die Einbeziehung zeitgebundener wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Rahmenbedingungen nicht bloß dogmatisch analysiert, sondern in seiner historischen Entwicklung und Vergleichbarkeit mit anderen Rechtskulturen erfasst. Beschäftigte sich die bisherige Forschung eingehend mit der römischen laesio enormis (der Begriff stammt aus dem Mittelalter), die garantierte, dass bei Landverkäufen der vereinbarte Preis die Hälfte des Wertes nicht unterschritt, fand die zeitgleiche talmudische Preisgrenze von einem Sechstel bislang kaum Beachtung. Obwohl Grundstücksgeschäfte von der אונאה (ona'ah) ausgenommen waren, liegen beiden Rechtsnormen ähnliche Vorstellungen von materiellem Wert und seiner Preisrelation zugrunde. Die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen römischem und jüdischem Recht werden anhand der schriftlichen Thora, der Tosefta, der Mischna, des palästinischen und babylonischen Talmuds, sowie anhand des Corpus Iuris Civilis, des diokletianischen Höchstpreisedikts und des Codex Theodosianus erläutert
    Note: German
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Florence : Firenze University Press
    ISBN: 9788864537528 , 9788864537511 , 9788864537535 , 9788892730915
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (422 p.)
    Series Statement: Studies on Adult Learning and Education
    Keywords: Education ; Philosophy & theory of education
    Abstract: This volume shows the outcome of a series of meetings and seminars which, on several levels, contributed to the construction of the International Conference La ricerca sull'Educazione in età Adulta nelle università italiane held at the University of Florence on the 23rd and 24th November 2017. The different contributions have tried to answer the question on the origin and development of adult education in Italy within academic contexts. What does it mean to work in this research field? The interviewed directors have reflected on a number of research approaches and have reconstructed the variety of theories, models and authors which outlined the development of this discipline in Italy over the last fifty years. Among the covered topics are: increasing the educational quality of the workplace, understanding the education incorporated in the workplace, studying the aims of education in formal and informal contexts. This has led to a new and original theme, which had however not been touched by the Italian academic literature, namely the question of inequalities and relative poverty, two important phenomena for understanding the development of future societies
    Note: Italian
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9788864536729 , 9788864536712 , 9788892731196
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (510 p.)
    Series Statement: Studies on Adult Learning and Education
    Keywords: Education ; Philosophy & theory of education ; Teaching of specific groups & persons with special educational needs
    Abstract: The book is the final report of the researches, discussions, conversations around and about the Project PRIN Employability & Competences which took place on March 9th-­‐11th, 2017 within an International Conference at the University of Florence. It was the final event of the project PRIN2012LATR9N which aims were: «to design innovative programs for higher education, to promote personalized and learner-centered teaching and learning, to build on job competencies, to value talents to create new work opportunities, to support young adults during their employment emergency, as a response to socio economic crisis and as a citizenship action». The research activities concerned the main phases of the students' academic life: career guidance upon entry, personalized teaching, career calling, professional vocation, profession building activities such as internships and work related experiences, and lastly job placement
    Note: English
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9783319727806
    Language: English
    Pages: viii, 215 Seiten , Illustration
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.8
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics ; Ethnology ; Ethnography ; Emigration and immigration ; Social Sciences ; Ethnography ; Social Anthropology ; Migration ; Economic Systems ; International Political Economy ; Globalisierung ; Temporalität ; Kapitalismus ; Migration ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kapitalismus ; Temporalität ; Globalisierung ; Migration
    Note: Enthält Index
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA; USA : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781788114301
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (360 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Services, economy and innovation series
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Series Statement: Services, economy and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Services, experiences and innovation
    RVK:
    Keywords: Dienstleistungsinnovation ; Event-Marketing ; Dynamische Kompetenzen ; Electronic Commerce ; Welt ; Customer services Technological innovations ; Economics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Consumers are increasingly looking to invest in experiences rather than simply a product. With innovation research moving away from the traditional focus on manufacturing towards services, this book develops a much-needed integrated approach for improving analysis of both experience and service innovation. This impressive book makes a substantial and compelling contribution to research on the interdependencies between innovation, services and experiences. Split into clear and thematically separate categories, the contributors explore systemic innovation, practice-based innovation, technology and innovation, and experiences as a catalyst for innovation. Examples are taken from the tourism industry, entrepreneurial ventures, online gaming and digital services, to provide readers with a thorough overview of the extensive impact of these innovations. Using organizational, systemic, conceptual and empirical examinations of the experience and service economies, the authors identify how top class innovation research can be extended and integrated further with other research areas. Presenting a state-of-the-art analysis of the topic, this timely book will benefit teachers of innovation, the experience economy, and information systems. Researchers of business economics, and marketing will also find this an essential foundation volume for future research on topics of innovation in a globalizing world
    Abstract: Preface -- 1. Integrative perspectives to service, innovation and experience research / Ada Scupola and Lars Fuglsang -- Part I Systemic innovation -- 2. Experience and innovation in services: from human encounters to social building / Luis Rubalcaba -- 3. Fifteen advances in service innovation studies / Faridah Djellal and Faïz Gallouj -- 4. Service innovation -- organizational and systemic approaches / Marja Toivonen -- 5. Crossing the frontiers between touch points, innovation and experience design in tourism / Metka Stare and Dejan Križaj -- 6. Service innovation as search in multidimensional design spaces: conceptual opportunities and empirical examination / Pim Den Hertog -- Part II Practice-based innovation -- 7. Decentred practices of innovation in the experience economy / Jørgen Ole Bærenholdt -- 8. Towards a theory of a practice-based approach to service innovation within spheres of interaction / Lars Fuglsang -- ^9. Exploring intuition as a dynamic capability in radical new product and service development -- a conceptual approach / Niels Nolsøe Grünbaum and Marianne Stenger -- 10. Service infusion in manufacturing and corporate strategies in the service solutions market -- driving forces and components / Jørn Kjølseth Møller -- Part III Technology and innovation -- 11. Motivators and inhibitors of e-Residency adoption for global e-entrepreneurship / Linda Ujala and Ada Scupola -- 12. Services and experiences from space: satellite-enabled services and manufacturing/operators interdependencies ad hybrid products as enablers of growth / Chloe A. Billing and John R. Bryson -- 13. The innovative generativity of digital service encounters / Anders Henten Anders Henten and Jannick Kirk Sørensen -- 14. User involvement in business-to-business operational service innovation / Giulia Nardelli and Ada Scupola -- Part IV Experience as innovation motor -- ^15. Front-line employee-based experience innovation in tourism / Jens Friis Jensen and Flemming Sørensen -- 16. Wake up and smell the coffee: innovation in the coffee shop experience / Ian Miles, Ming-Fei Lee and Kantima Sawatwarakul -- 17. The new 'online' alternative food networks as a socio-technical innovation in the local food economy: two cases from Milan / Paolo Corvo e Raffaele Matacena -- 18. The Korean online game wave -- development within the experience economy / Patrik Ström and Mirko Ernkvist -- Index
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781788117937
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 202 Seiten) , Illustrations
    Series Statement: New thinking in political economy
    Series Statement: Elgaronline
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar books
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Debt default and democracy
    DDC: 336.34
    Keywords: Öffentliche Schulden ; Äquivalenzprinzip ; Schuldenübernahme ; Ethik ; Schuldenmanagement ; Umschuldung ; Schuldenkrise ; Eurozone ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Neue politische Ökonomie ; Default (Finance) ; Debts, Public ; Economics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Contents: Preface -- Part I: Public debt and individual rationality -- 1. De Viti de Marco vs. Ricardo on public debt: self-extinction or default? / Giuseppe Eusepi and Richard E. Wagner -- 2. Governing the market for sovereign bailouts / Karsten Mause -- 3. Political obligations: is debt special? / Geoffrey Brennan -- 4. Debt default and the limits of the contractual imagination: Pareto and Mosca meet Buchanan / Richard E. Wagner -- Part II: Macro consequences and implications of public debt -- 5. Political economy of government solvency: the institutional framework for stability and sustainability / Andrea Rieck and Ludger Schuknecht -- 6. On some recent proposals of public debt restructuring in the Eurozone / Ernesto Longobardi and Antonio Pedone -- 7. Economic governance in the Euro area: balancing risk reduction and risk sharing / Fabrizio Balassone, Sara Cecchetti, Martina Cecioni, Marika Cioffi, Wanda Cornacchia, Flavia Corneli and Gabriele Semeraro -- 8. Adjustments in the balance sheets - is it normal, this "new normal"? / Liviu Voinea, Alexie Alupoaiei, Florin Dragu and Florian Neagu -- Index.
    Abstract: The original chapters in this book connect the microeconomic and macroeconomic approaches to public debt. Through their thought-provoking views, leading scholars offer insights into the incentives that individuals and governments may have in resorting to public debt, thereby promoting a clearer understanding of its economic consequences. The authors explore public debt along two distinct but complementary analytical paths. One path concerns microeconomic aspects of public debt as it emerges through budgetary processes where individuals respond to the costs and gains of different courses of action. The other concerns the systemic properties of rational individuals acting within a democratic system of political economy. Within this scheme of thought, the two levels of analysis are integrated by recognition that efforts to control macro-level outcomes must address the micro-level circumstances and conditions that promote public debt as systemic budgetary outcomes. Scholars and students, as well as policy makers in public debt and political economy, will find this critical resource invaluable to understanding this vital issue
    Note: Includes index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789811071430
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 77 p. 11 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Economics
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Economics and Finance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mitra, Arup, 1961 - Labour market participation in India
    RVK:
    Keywords: Erwerbstätigkeit ; Asiatisch-pazifischer Raum ; Indien ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Arbeitskräfte ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Economics ; Labor economics ; Culture—Economic aspects. ; Applied sociology.
    Abstract: This book focuses on the gender-specific labour force participation rates across regions in India and identifies its most important determinants. Before concentrating on the Indian context, it examines the participation rates of various countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Not unexpectedly, the study shows that the rate is significantly lower for females than for males in this region. The rural-urban differentials are more pronounced and the inter-state variations are more sizable among females than males. Even in large cities, the female labour market participation is lower than that in the rural areas despite higher levels of education. However, in terms of inter-spatial (rural/urban/city) variations, the impact of infrastructure, education, health and urbanization on the labour force participation of both genders is quite distinct. On the whole, the study reinforces the stance that women’s participation in productive activities has a doubly positive impact; it not only raises the household income, but also contributes to the wellbeing of the household. These findings are important from a policy perspective, as different infrastructure variables are confirmed to improve both participation and labour productivity. As such, the book offers a valuable resource not only for researchers, but also for NGOs and policymakers
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    URL: Cover
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1454
    Keywords: Armutsbekämpfung ; Armut ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Soziale Wohnungspolitik ; Frankreich ; Economics ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Thanks to a highly developed welfare state, poverty is moderate on average in France, but – as in other countries – highly concentrated in some neighbourhoods. Their residents face many social disadvantages, including high unemployment and inactivity, schools with many struggling children, often run-down housing and urban infrastructure, and a lack of local enterprises, services and amenities. The government focuses a wide array of policies on these areas to promote better schooling outcomes, employment and local economic activity. Urban renewal and public housing policies aim explicitly at promoting social mixing, often presented as an anti-ghetto policy. Evidence suggests that targeted investment in transport and housing infrastructure as well as education and training could go a long way to improving economic opportunities and well-being in poor areas. In contrast, special economic zones with tax breaks to attract business to these areas have a mixed track record at best. Greater social mixing is difficult to engineer, and it is far from clear if this by itself would improve the lives of the poor. There is a need to better link urban, social and judicial policies favouring alternative sentencing and support for offenders to integrate into society to avoid vicious circles of social disadvantage and crime.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1460
    Keywords: Bildung ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Bildungsertrag ; Humankapital ; Bildungsfinanzierung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Kolumbien ; Education ; Economics ; Colombia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates if higher public spending in education and better teacher qualifications are related to student’s performance, using data from Saber 11, a national standardized test conducted by Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación. The estimation exploits differences in both policy variables across regions and employs interactions to study if more investment in public education and higher teacher qualifications can help increase average performance and reduce the impact that socioeconomic factors, such as family income, have on student performance. The analysis proposes a model where student performance in Mathematics and Language are dependent not only on the variables of interest of this paper, but also on economic, social and cultural status, sex and age of students, and school characteristics. The results show that students’ characteristics and their environment, school features and departmental differences in the policy variables explain roughly 20% of the variation in education performance in Colombia, a relatively high percentage when compared to those found by other studies focusing on OECD countries and based on PISA. After controlling for students’ and school characteristics, the results show that in Colombia, public spending per student and teacher qualifications are positively related to better learning outcomes. For the first one, the results suggest that if all regions reach the level of spending per student of Bogota – the region with the highest spending – average math scores can increase by 3.8 to 4.3 points (around 8%), depending on the regions, with the highest improvement for low income students.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 12 (February 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: global value chains ; international trade ; centrality ; network analysis ; input-outputtables ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper uses “centrality” metrics to reflect position with Global Value Chains (GVCs). Central sectors reflect those that are highly connected (both directly and indirectly) and influential within globalproduction networks, whereas peripheral sectors exhibit weak linkages and are less influential. Applying these metrics to OECD ICIO data, reveals there have been profound changes in the structure of GVCs over the period 1995-2011. Whilst some activities remain clustered around the same key hubs as was the case at the start of the period (e.g. motor vehicles), for others there have been dramatic changes in the geography of economic activity (e.g. IT manufacturing), whereas other activities have become more influential for value chains almost universally (e.g. IT services). Several emerging economies and their industries have become more central to global production networks. We find this is particularly true of most peripheral industries of Eastern European countries, with their growing importance coinciding with the timing of their EU accession. Asian value chains have also undergone substantial reorganisation. In particular, the centrality of Japanese industries has fallen from an initial position of being the key hub within Asian value chains and the bulk of this fall does not appear to be due to the decline in size of the Japanese economy over this period. This is in contrast with trends in foreign value added content of exports of these Japanese industries, which increased over the same time period, illustrating that the centrality measure does not seem to simply reflect features captured by existing GVC metrics.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 22 (July 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.22
    Keywords: 2016 ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Szenariotechnik ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents long-run economic projections for 46 countries, extending the short-run projections of the Spring 2018 OECD Economic Outlook. It first sets out a baseline scenario under the assumption that countries do not carry out institutional and policy reforms. This scenario is then used as a reference point to illustrate the potential impact of structural reforms in alternative scenarios, including better governance and educational attainment in the large emerging-market economies and competition-friendly product market and labour market reforms in OECD economies. Flexibility-enhancing labour market reforms not only boost living standards but, by raising the employment rate, also help alleviate fiscal pressures associated with population ageing. Another scenario illustrates the potential positive impact of linking the pensionable age to life expectancy on the participation rate of older workers, and in particular that of women. Additional scenarios illustrate the potential economic gains from raising public investment and spending more on research and development. A final ‘negative’ scenario shows how slipping back on trade liberalisation – returning to 1990 average tariff rates – might depress standards of living everywhere.
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 5
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Keywords: SME ; ombudsman ; Mexico ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Ombudsmen in OECD countries have a tradition which dates back to the 1960s. However, the establishment of SME-dedicated ombudsmen is a more recent trend which has developed along three main models: redress model; clearing house model; and advocacy model. Countries interested in introducing an SME ombudsman are, therefore, faced with an important choice about which model is most relevant to them. For countries which already have in place an effective legal reparation system, a redress-type of SME ombudsman office may result in an institutional overlap with other government offices with similar responsibilities. The advocacy model and the clearing-house model are, on the other hand, particularly relevant to countries where SMEs have not been at the top of the policy agenda and, as a result, business regulations have not been particularly sensitive to the needs of SMEs.
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1457
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Soziale Mobilität ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: More than a quarter of adults in the United Kingdom have low basic skills, which has a negative impact on career prospects, job quality and productivity growth. Furthermore, unlike most other countries, young adults do not have stronger basic skills than the generation approaching retirement. The lack of skills development starts at young ages and continues in secondary education; despite a modest reduction in recent years, the educational attainment gap between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged students remains high. The low participation in lifelong learning of low-skilled individuals puts them at risk of falling behind in meeting the changing skill demands of the dynamic labour market. Ongoing reforms to the vocational education and training (VET) system and apprenticeship system should have a positive impact on low-skilled productivity, enabling students to gain the necessary basic skills and for workers to find quality jobs. Improving the targeting of active labour market policies, and ensuring that the ongoing increases in the national living wage are delivered in a sustainable way will also play an important role in improving job quality and reducing the high rate of youth neither employed or in education or training. Policy responses to the rise of non-standard work will also be essential in improving the job quality of the low-skilled.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1461
    Keywords: Sparquote ; Kapitalstock ; Investition ; Leistungsbilanz ; Leistungsbilanz ; Szenariotechnik ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper describes the framework used in long-term economic scenarios for the projection of the saving rate, investment, capital stock and current account. The saving rate is determined according to an estimated equation which suggests that demographics, captured by the old-age dependency rate and life expectancy, is a major driver, with additional effects from the fiscal balance, labour productivity growth, the net oil trade balance, the availability of credit and the level of social protection. The evolution of the business sector capital stock depends on the economy’s cyclical position, product market regulation, employment protection legislation and the user cost of capital, and may be constrained by current account deficits depending on the degree of capital account openness. Business sector investment is derived from the capital stock projection via the usual stock-flow identity. The public sector capital stock-to-output ratio is assumed to be constant in the baseline scenario, but a public investment shock can be simulated in alternative scenarios. The current account balance is obtained as the difference between national investment and saving, and in turn determines the evolution of the net international investment position. A global interest rate premium helps to bring global saving and investment into balance.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1473
    Keywords: Zahlungsbilanz ; Außenwirtschaftliches Gleichgewicht ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Handelshemmnisse ; Wechselkurs ; Sparen ; Auslandsinvestition ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global trade imbalances narrowed in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. They have remained at a lower level but are still of concern to policy makers because of the risks they pose to individual economies, as well as globally. However, the ultimate causes of these imbalances are not fully clear. Current account positions reflect the gap between national saving and investment, which are in turn affected by policy distortions, including in trade policy. Simulations of the OECD’s METRO model show liberalisation of existing trade distortions would modestly narrow aggregate trade imbalances in the medium term for some countries. Reducing tariffs, non-tariff measures and the combined market access and productivity-enhancing effects of pro-competitive measures in services all have some rebalancing potential. Liberalisation would also offer economically significant income gains for all countries. By contrast, narrowing trade imbalances using trade restrictions would come at disproportionately high economic costs for all countries.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1497
    Keywords: Wirtschaftspolitik ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Lohnersatzleistungen ; Arbeitslosenversicherung ; Rückversicherung ; Rückversicherung ; Eurozone ; 2000 - 2016 ; Economics ; Euro Area ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper examines the possible design and macroeconomic stabilisation properties of a euro area unemployment benefits re-insurance scheme using annual historical data from 2000 to 2016. The scheme we propose is similar in some aspects to the recent proposals, including the IMF’s paper on the central fiscal capacity, while preserving important re-insurance characteristics, such as experience rating and caps on cumulative balances. Counterfactual simulations for individual euro area countries suggest that the scheme, at the cost of average annual contributions of 0.17% of national GDP, could have (i) provided additional macroeconomic stabilisation in the financial crisis of 2009-2013, both at the euro area level and at the level of individual countries hit by the crisis, and (ii) avoided permanent transfers among countries.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1455
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Gesundheit ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Frankreich ; Economics ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: France’s health-care system offers high-quality care. Average health outcomes are good, public satisfaction with the health-care system is high, and average household out-of-pocket expenditures are low. As in other OECD countries, technology is expanding possibilities for life extension and quality, and spending is rising steadily, while an ageing population requires substantially more and different services. The main challenges are to promote prevention and cost-efficient behaviour by care providers, tackle the high spending on pharmaceuticals, strengthen the role of health insurers as purchasing agents and secure cost containment. Good-quality information and appropriate financing schemes would ensure stronger efficiency incentives. Disparities of coverage across social groups and health services suggest paying greater attention to co-ordination between statutory and complementary insurance provision. Ongoing reforms to improve prevention and co-ordination among care providers are steps in the right direction. However, progress in the development of capitation-based payment schemes, which can reduce the incentives to increase the number of medical acts and encourage health professionals to spend more time with their patients, and performance-based payment schemes in primary care need to be stepped up to respond to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and curb supplier-induced demand and social disparities in access to care.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1459
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Wettbewerb ; Dynamische Kompetenzen ; Innovation ; Arbeitsangebot ; Bildung ; Norwegen ; Economics ; Norway ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Norway’s success in maintaining high living standards, low inequality and good progress in gender balance owes much to its business sector. High-productivity business-sector jobs support high wages and profits, providing capacity to fund comprehensive public services and inclusive employment practices. Ensuring that the business sector thrives as globalisation and technologies evolve further and as the oil and gas sector enters long-term decline requires maintaining business-friendly conditions. This paper examines framework conditions, notably competition legislation and policy affecting firm entry and exit (“firm dynamics”). It evaluates how best to encourage new business models, as well the growing issue of labour supply among older cohorts. Education policy’s role in providing skills conducive to good lifetime earnings is also discussed.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1462
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Wettbewerb ; Inflation ; Marktmacht ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Declining inflation in many countries over the past few decades at the same time as rising global competition has led to a debate on the importance of globalisation for domestic inflation. This paper explores the implications of global value chain (GVC) integration and market contestability for inflation using a range of industry-level and micro-data sources. We provide evidence that rising participation in GVCs has placed downward pressure on producer price inflation, by increasing the ability of firms to substitute domestic inputs with cheaper foreign equivalents. We investigate the channels, which suggests that increased GVC participation contributed to lower inflation via downward pressures on unit labour costs – by raising productivity and reducing wages – in the importing country, especially when low-wage countries are integrated in supply chains. We then present industry-level evidence to support the conjecture that a higher level of GVC integration dampens producer price inflation by accentuating the impact of global economic slack on domestic inflation. However, we also find an increasing trend in mark-ups, suggestive of rising market power, particularly in services sectors. Thus, looking forward, there is a risk that stalling globalisation since the crisis, coupled with stronger aggregate demand and declining market contestability, could lead to inflationary pressures in the medium term, thereby letting the inflation genie out of the bottle.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1466
    Keywords: Finanzkrise ; Produktionspotenzial ; Kapitalstock ; Investition ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Akzelerator ; Hysterese ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Current weak labour productivity growth in many OECD countries reflects historically weak contributions from both total factor productivity (TFP) growth and capital deepening. The slowdown in trend productivity growth in the pre-crisis period is mostly explained by a long-established slowdown in TFP growth, but since the crisis the further deceleration is mainly due to weak capital deepening, a development apparent in practically every OECD country. Much of the weakness in the growth of the capital stock since the financial crisis can be explained by an accelerator response of investment to continued demand weakness, leading in turn to a deterioration of potential output via a hysteresis-like effect. For the most severely affected economies, the financial crisis is estimated to have reduced potential output by more than 2% via this transmission mechanism. In many OECD countries, declining government investment as a share of GDP has further exacerbated post-crisis weakness in capital stock growth, both directly and probably indirectly via adverse spillover effects on business investment. Finally, over a period when the use of conventional macro policy instruments was constrained, the slower pace of structural reform represents a missed opportunity, not least because more competition-friendly product market regulation could have boosted both investment and potential growth.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1471
    Keywords: Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Soziale Integration ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Rentenpolitik ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Regionalentwicklung ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Thailand ; Economics ; Thailand ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Partnerships pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development cuts across all the goals focusing on the mobilisation of resources needed to implement the agenda. Thailand’s “sufficiency economy philosophy” encourages the prioritisation of long-term sustainability over short-term benefits. As such, Thailand has a long history of fiscal prudence that has served the country well in times of economic and political instability. However, relying on current fiscal buffers to finance foreseeable expenditure pressures is not sufficient or sustainable. A rapidly ageing population and shrinking workforce will weigh on future public finances and on the ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. To ensure that Thailand is well placed over the medium term to meet growing social, environmental and infrastructure requirements, the government should: (i) increase tax revenues by broadening the tax base and enhancing collection efficiency; (ii) facilitate greater private sector investment in productive infrastructure; and (iii) reform the healthcare and pension systems to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. This Working Paper relates to the Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand. (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-dimensional-review-thailand.htm)
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1474
    Keywords: 1997 - 2013 ; Netzinfrastruktur ; Deregulierung ; Exportwirtschaft ; Branchenentwicklung ; Wirtschaftsdaten ; Griechenland ; Economics ; Greece ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global trade imbalances narrowed in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. They have remained at a lower level but are still of concern to policy makers because of the risks they pose to individual economies, as well as globally. However, the ultimate causes of these imbalances are not fully clear. Current account positions reflect the gap between national saving and investment, which are in turn affected by policy distortions, including in trade policy. Simulations of the OECD’s METRO model show liberalisation of existing trade distortions would modestly narrow aggregate trade imbalances in the medium term for some countries. Reducing tariffs, non-tariff measures and the combined market access and productivity-enhancing effects of pro-competitive measures in services all have some rebalancing potential. Liberalisation would also offer economically significant income gains for all countries. By contrast, narrowing trade imbalances using trade restrictions would come at disproportionately high economic costs for all countries.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 44
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Documents de travail du Département des Affaires économiques de l'OCDE no. 1478
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1478
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Exportwirtschaft ; Wertschöpfung ; Tunesien ; Economics ; Tunisia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: L’ouverture de la Tunisie aux échanges internationaux et son intégration dans les chaines de valeur mondiales ont fortement progressé depuis le milieu des années 90, témoignant des avantages comparatifs du pays. Les exportations ont sensiblement augmenté, tirées par le secteur manufacturier, avec une transformation en faveur de secteurs plus intensifs en technologie et compétences. La montée en gamme et la diversification des exportations augurent d’un potentiel de croissance élevé. Cette bonne performance est pour l’essentiel le fait d’entreprises entièrement exportatrices (dites offshores), avec peu d’effet d’entrainement sur le reste de l’économie. En effet, ces entreprises s’approvisionnent peu sur le marché local et servent rarement la demande locale, reflétant en partie la complexité des procédures douanières, fiscales et administratives. La levée des contraintes à l’exportation rencontrées par les entreprises du secteur onshore et le décloisonnement entre régimes offshore et onshore permettraient à la Tunisie de se hisser dans les chaines de valeur mondiales et d’en tirer plus d’avantages, notamment en termes de progrès technologique, de création d’emplois et de richesse.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1499
    Keywords: 2007 - 2013 ; EU-Regionalpolitik ; Statistische Methode ; Wirtschaftsdaten ; EU-Mitgliedschaft ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper exploits a new database that is unique in its scale and scope containing detailed information on over two million projects carried out by one million firms that benefited from the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund in 25 EU member countries during the multi-annual financial framework 2007-2013. This database is used to get a better understanding of the characteristics of the beneficiaries of European funds and to assess the impact of the European funds on the beneficiaries’ performance in terms of employment growth, growth in fixed assets, and total factor productivity. While the data reveals substantial heterogeneity of beneficiaries and projects across and within countries, in terms of the number of projects, their total values, the average firm size and other aspects, some patterns are identified. The majority of co-funding goes to manufacturing firms as well as public institutions. The Cohesion Fund co-finances larger projects, carried out by larger, more capital-intensive firms that typically conduct large-scale infrastructure projects. In contrast, the European Social Fund co-finances smaller projects related to human capital and initiatives on the labour market. In terms of volume, the European Regional and Development Fund has the largest budget in total and co-finances a large variety of projects. Using propensity score matching techniques, we find mixed effects of structural and cohesion funds on the performance of a sample of manufacturing firms in six European countries. On average, firms that receive financial assistance hire more workers and increase their capital stock more. However, there is little evidence of additional positive total factor productivity effects for the beneficiaries.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1507
    Keywords: 1996 - 2013 ; Konjunktur ; Strukturwandel ; Gesundheitskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Health care expenditure per person, after accounting for changes in overall price levels, began to slow in many OECD countries in the early-to-mid 2000s, well before the economic and fiscal crisis. Using available estimates from the OECD’s System of Health Accounts (SHA) database, we explore common trends in health care expenditure since 1996 in a set of 22 OECD countries. We assess the extent to which the trends observed are the results of cyclical economic influences, and the respective contributions of changes in relative prices, health care volumes and coverage to the slowdown in health care expenditure growth. Our analysis suggests that cyclical factors may account for a little less than one half of the estimated slowdown in health care spending since the crisis, suggesting that structural changes have contributed to the trends. Before the crisis the slowdown in health care expenditure growth was accounted for by health care prices growing less than general prices and a reduction in care volumes, whereas the latter accounts for most of the steeper deceleration after the crisis. Although both privately and publically financed health care expenditure grew at a reduced pace during the study period, the sharp post-crisis deceleration happened mostly in the public component. When examined by function, the slowdown in publicly-financed expenditure has been largest in curative and rehabilitative care (particularly after the crisis) and in medical goods (especially pharmaceuticals), whereas the deceleration in the privately financed component is largely in medical goods (including pharmaceuticals). We conclude that structural changes in publicly financed health care have constrained the growth of care volumes (especially) and prices leading to a marked reduction in health care expenditure growth rates, beyond what could be expected based on cyclical economic fluctuations. We examine a range of government policies enacted in a selection of OECD countries that likely contributed to the structural changes observed in our analysis.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1511
    Keywords: 1982 - 2012 ; Erdölvorkommen ; Export ; Rohstoffreichtum ; Ölpreis ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Wechselkurs ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the “resource curse” phenomenon, i.e. the negative impact of oil abundance on long-term economic growth, for a set of oil exporting countries. It distinguishes between two potential drivers of resource courses: oil dependence and oil price volatility, and it investigates whether the resource curse depends on a country’s institutional and macroeconomic environment. The empirical analysis relies on a panel of 24 oil exporters between 1982 and 2012 and an error correction model. The paper provides robust evidence in favour of the resource curse hypothesis, and there is no evidence that higher quality institutions could mitigate the curse. Oil price shocks appear to have an asymmetric impact in the short run: the growth effect is positive when oil prices rise, while no statistically significant effect is observed when they fall. There is also indirect evidence that the impact of an oil price shock is partly offset by fiscal policies, particularly in countries with high oil dependence. In the long run, oil price volatility does not appear to have a statistically significant impact on GDP. Finally, exchange rate regimes seem to play a role: countries allowing their currencies to float seem to gain from positive oil price shocks in the short run, but in the long run a fixed exchange rate regime is associated with higher GDP, probably owing to active stabilisation by sovereign wealth funds.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1476
    Keywords: 2010 - 2016 ; Digitalisierung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Qualifikation ; Europa ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Insufficient diffusion of new technologies has been quoted as one possible reason for weak productivity performance over the past two decades (Andrews et al., 2016). This paper uses a novel data set of digital technology usage covering 25 industries in 25 European countries over the 2010-16 period to explore the drivers of digital adoption across two broad sets of digital technologies by firms, cloud computing and back or front office integration. The focus is on structural and policy factors affecting firms’ capabilities and incentives to adopt -- including the availability of enabling infrastructures (such as high-speed broadband internet), managerial quality and workers skills, and product, labour and financial market settings. We identify the effects of structural and policy factors based on the difference-in-difference approach pioneered by Rajan and Zingales (1998) and show that a number of these factors are statistically and economically significant for technology adoption. Specifically, we find strong support for the hypothesis that low managerial quality, lack of ICT skills and poor matching of workers to jobs curb digital technology adoption and hence the rate of diffusion. Similarly our evidence suggests that policies affecting market incentives are important for adoption, especially those relevant for market access, competition and efficient reallocation of labour and capital. Finally, we show that there are important complementarities between the two sets of factors, with market incentives reinforcing the positive effects of enhancements in firm capabilities on adoption of digital technologies
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1479
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Hochschulpolitik ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Polen ; Economics ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Poland’s catch up with other OECD country has been largely based on productivity growth resulting from restructuring towards more productive sectors and foreign technology absorption. The economy’s own innovation capacity is relatively weak, with low investment in research and development, no tradition of commercialising research and very limited innovation activity within firms. The government plans a higher education reform to strengthen the quality of research output, science-industry cooperation and international collaboration, which are all weak. Considerable EU funding is available to support innovation. Most of it is conditioned on science-industry co-operation, which is showing initial benefits. A lively start-up scene is gradually emerging, and the government foresees considerable public support for venture capital financing. Yet, investment in higher education and research trails behind economies that have been able to build strong science and high-tech start-up activity. Poland’s many small and medium-sized enterprises have particularly low productivity, partly related to weaknesses in vocational training and adult education, as too many workers have weak basic and digital skills. The government's education reform and digital strategy address some of these issues.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1483
    Keywords: Schuldenmanagement ; Zinsstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: With still large government debt and interest payments in many OECD countries, actively adjusting debt maturity can help to minimise debt servicing costs. Temporarily lengthening the maturity of new debt issuance may lower debt servicing costs in the longer term and reduce rollover risks if interest rates increase gradually over a prolonged period and to a high level. However, if market interest rates increase fast and stay high, shortening debt maturity would be financially more beneficial though at the cost of higher rollover risks. Illustrative scenarios considered in this paper show that adjusting debt maturity may take several years before producing fiscal savings. They are likely to be moderate at best for most G7 countries, ranging from less than 0.1% to ⅓ per cent of GDP per year on average, with the exception of Italy where they could be significantly higher. In countries where debt maturity management has small fiscal effects, lengthening the debt maturity may still be pursued to reduce rollover risks.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1488
    Keywords: 1995 - 2015 ; Einkommensverteilung ; Umverteilung ; Steuerprogression ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides an empirical investigation on the drivers of tax and transfer income redistribution to working-age households across the OECD over the last two decades, in a context where it has been declining in the vast majority of countries. The analytical approach is based on a reduced-form model of income redistribution which is estimated through cross-country-time series regressions. The baseline model builds on the political economy literature of income redistribution and includes a set of non-policy drivers such as labour market and socio-demographic conditions as well as measures of globalisation and technological change. The baseline model is augmented with major direct policy drivers of income redistribution covering tax revenue and social spending as well as a selection of tax and transfer policy parameters. Changes in the size of the tax and transfer systems likely to have contributed to the decline in income redistribution include the decline in social spending on cash support for working-age population and the diminishing role of personal income taxes in reducing inequality under the effect of increasing trade openness. Changes in specific tax and transfer policy instruments and parameters likely to have contributed to the decline in income redistribution include a flattening of the tax schedule in the upper-part of the wage distribution, a decline in the generosity and duration of unemployment-related transfers, including cuts to social assistance, and pension and early retirement reforms to encourage longer working life.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1492
    Keywords: Einlagensicherung ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Finanzverfassung ; Bankenregulierung ; Eurozone ; Economics ; Euro Area ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The euro area sovereign debt crisis highlighted important weaknesses in the euro area design. Fiscal policy did not build sufficient buffers before the crisis, which forced some countries to tighten fiscal policy too rapidly during the downturn to restore market confidence in sovereign borrowing. Despite this, sovereign stress remained high, weakening further the banking sectors highly exposed to government bonds, which in return reduced further market confidence in fiscal sustainability in case of banks’ bailout. As a result, monetary policy was the main public instrument to support the activity, but its effectiveness was reduced by the fragmentation of financial markets along national lines as the crisis deepened. In order to durably sever the links between banks and their sovereigns, euro area countries agreed on a banking union. The creation of a common supervisor was a very important step in that direction. However, further progress is needed in reducing and sharing risks, creating a common deposit guarantee scheme and the application of existing rules to ensure sufficient risk sharing can take place in case of crisis. At the same time, incentives need to be put in place for banks to progressively move away from a too high exposure to domestic sovereign bonds. A step in that direction could be the introduction of euro area safe asset, which would pool sovereign issuance from various countries, in parallel with gradual introduction of capital surcharges on sovereign exposures. Such progress may not be sufficient, however, for national fiscal policies and monetary policy to smooth a major crisis. The introduction of common fiscal stabilisation capacity is necessary to buttress the euro area in case of a deep recession, both at the country level and euro area level. Finally, policies aiming at further cross-border integration of capital markets should reinforce private risk sharing, reducing the burden on macro policies. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the Euro Area. (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-european-union-and-euro-area.htm)
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1517
    Keywords: 1995 - 2017 ; Internationale Konjunktur ; Dynamische Wirtschaftstheorie ; Vergleich ; Schwellenländer ; Industrieländer ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: We estimate dynamic factor models for two sub-samples between 1995 and 2017 for up to 42 advanced and emerging-market economies to investigate changes in the contribution of global and regional factors to fluctuations in real GDP per capita growth, inflation, 10-year government bond yields and equity prices. The combined average contribution of global and regional factors in explaining fluctuations of GDP growth and inflation increased between 1995-2006 and 2007-17. In contrast, for financial variables, the role of country-specific factors strengthened between these two periods. The general findings are robust to alternative specifications of the lag structure, data frequency and the country composition of the largest region. Country-specific factors explain a higher share of variation of financial variables in emerging-market economies compared with advanced economies. For all variables, there is large cross-country heterogeneity regarding the level of contributions of specific factors and their evolution over time.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1521
    Keywords: Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Konjunktur ; Probit-Modell ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper describes a method for parameterising fan charts around GDP growth forecasts of the major OECD economies as well as the aggregate OECD. The degree of uncertainty – reflecting the overall spread of the fan chart – is based on past forecast errors, but the skew – reflecting whether risks are tilted to the downside – is derived from a probit model-based assessment of the probability of a future downturn. This approach is applied to each of the G7 countries separately, with combinations of variables found to be useful in predicting future downturns at different horizons up to 8 quarters: at short horizons of 2-4 quarters, a flattening or inverted yield curve slope, recent sharp falls in house prices, share prices or credit; at longer horizons of 6-8 quarters, sustained strong growth in house prices, share prices and credit; and at all horizons, a tight labour market and rapid growth in OECD-wide (or in some cases euro-wide) house prices, share prices or credit. The in-sample fit of the probit models appears reasonably good for all G7 countries. The predicted probabilities from the probit models provide a graduated assessment of downturn risk, which is reflected in the degree of skew in the fan chart. Fan charts computed on an out-of-sample basis around pre-crisis OECD forecasts published in June 2008 encompass the extreme outturns associated with the Global Financial Crisis for five of the G7 countries. A weakness of the approach is that, although it predicts a clear majority of past downturns, it will not predict atypical downturns. For example, in the current conjuncture, it is unlikely that current concerns about risks associated with Brexit, an escalation of trade tensions or spillovers from emerging markets would be picked up by the models. At the same time, a severe downturn triggered by such atypical events might be more severe if more typical risk factors are also high.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 10
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Keywords: SME finance ; capital markets ; financial crisis ; growth finance ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The present report analyses the extent to which capital markets have provided capital to SMEs since the GFC, focusing on three kinds of financial instruments that have proven especially important in providing finance to SMEs undergoing major transitions during the past few years: Private Equity; Private Debt; and Collective Investment Vehicles.
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 7
    Keywords: Lebensqualität ; Messung ; Politik ; Ecuador ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Neuseeland ; Schottland ; Schweden ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The last decade has seen major advances in the measurement of well-being in national statistics – but what are governments doing to incorporate these metrics and frameworks into policy decision making? This paper describes the progress made in many countries on measuring well-being at a national level, and the mechanisms being developed to mainstream both concepts and evidence on well-being into policy settings. In all cases, countries are adopting a multidimensional approach to the measurement of well-being, and several initiatives have been informed by extensive public consultation processes. For seven countries, detailed case studies in the Annex describe the development and implementation of policy mechanisms for integrating well-being evidence: Ecuador, France, Italy, New Zealand, Scotland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The paper finds that well-being evidence is applied at several different stages of the policy cycle, from strategic analysis and prioritization to evaluations of policy interventions. In most cases these initiatives are only a few years old, and institutional support will be vital for the durability of these mechanisms over time and through different political cycles.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 11
    Keywords: Luftverschmutzung ; Island ; Japan ; Kasachstan ; Neuseeland ; Russland ; Ukraine ; USA ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper describes and evaluates the OECD methodology to estimate Air Emission Accounts (AEAs) for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), in line with the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA).
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1512
    Keywords: 2005 - 2017 ; Selbstständige ; Zeitreihenanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Using cross-country time series panel regressions for the last two decades, this paper seeks to identify the main policy and institutional factors that explain the share of self-employment across European countries. It looks at the aggregate share of self-employed as well as its breakdown by age, skill and gender. The generosity of unemployment benefits, and to a lesser extent, spending on active labour market policies appear to be robust determinants of the long-term share of self-employed in European countries. No significant relation is found between the stringency of employment protection and aggregate self-employment. However, there are significant, and oppositely signed, impacts on high- and low-skilled self-employed separately. Both the tax wedge and the minimum wage appear to be positively related to the share of self-employed in the long term, but the relation holds for some categories of workers only.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1515
    Keywords: EU-Emissionshandel ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; EU-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates the joint impact of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), Europe’s main climate change policy, on carbon emissions and economic performance of regulated companies. The impact on emissions is analysed using installation-level carbon emissions from national Polluting Emissions Registries from France, Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom complemented with data from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR). The impact on firm performance is analysed using firm-level data for all countries covered by the EU ETS. A matching methodology exploiting installation-level inclusion criteria combined with difference-in-differences is used to estimate the policy’s causal impact on installations’ emissions and on firms’ revenue, assets, profits and employment. We find that the EU ETS has induced carbon emission reductions in the order of -10% between 2005 and 2012, but had no negative impact on the economic performance of regulated firms. These results demonstrate that concerns that the EU ETS would come at a cost in terms of competitiveness have been vastly overplayed. In fact, we even find that the EU ETS led to an increase in regulated firms’ revenues and fixed assets. We explore various explanations for these findings.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris, France : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1519
    Keywords: Frauen ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Ältere Menschen ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Kinderbetreuung ; Elternzeit ; Gleichberechtigung ; Berufsbildung ; Altersvorsorge ; Häusliche Pflege ; Kanada ; Economics ; Canada ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Women, youth and seniors face barriers to economic inclusion in Canada, with considerable scope to improve their labour market outcomes. There has been no progress in shrinking the gender employment gap since 2009, and women, particularly mothers, continue to earn significantly less than men, in part due to a large gap in unpaid childcare responsibilities. Outside the province of Québec, low (but increasing) rates of government support for childcare should be expanded considerably, as should fathers’ low take-up of parental leave. Skills development should be prioritised to arrest declining skills among youth and weak wage growth among young males with low educational attainment. Fragmented labour market information needs to be consolidated to address wage penalties associated with the widespread prevalence of qualifications mismatch. Growth in old-age poverty should be tackled through further increases in basic pension payments over time. Linking changes in the age of eligibility for public pensions to life expectancy would boost growth by increasing employment of older Canadians still willing and able to work. For all three groups, well-targeted expansions of in-work tax benefits and active labour market spending have the potential to increase employment.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1527
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Niederlande ; Economics ; Netherlands ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Dutch labour market has recovered and the unemployment rate has been converging towards pre-crisis levels. Non-standard forms of work have expanded with a strong trend towards self-employment and an increased reliance on temporary contracts. These developments may reflect a preference of some individuals for a more flexible working relationship, but they could also lower job security and job quality for others. Policies need to protect vulnerable groups in the more dynamic working environment without creating barriers to labour mobility and flexibility of the overall labour market. To improve the fairness of the tax system, policies should ensure a more level playing field between workers on different types of contracts. Regulatory policies should aim at raising labour market mobility to improve the matching of skills to jobs by easing the protection on permanent employment contracts and through a more targeted approach to activation policies for disadvantaged groups. Finally, measures should improve the skills of individuals in vulnerable groups to enhance their opportunities to find better jobs. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the Netherlands 2018 (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-the netherlands.htm).
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1531
    Keywords: Dienstleistungsgesellschaft ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Bibliometrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Services employ an ever-increasing share of workers in all OECD countries. This trend is likely to continue as it reflects deep structural forces, such as increasing consumption of services with rising incomes and population ageing and the growing role of intangible assets. Services are very diverse, but overall tend to have weaker productivity levels and growth rates than manufacturing. As a result, the shift to services entails a moderate but persistent drag on productivity growth. Still, there are reasons to hope for a pick-up in service productivity in the future, including thanks to new technologies (e.g. digital platforms, artificial intelligence). This concerns both “knowledge intensive” services (e.g. information and communication) and less knowledge intensive ones (e.g. personal transport). Harnessing this productivity potential requires adjusting policies to foster innovation and efficient use of new technologies, enhance competitive forces by reducing information asymmetries, barriers to entry and switching costs, and increase the tradability of services within countries and across borders.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 63
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Will the inflation genie stay in the bottle?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 64
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Observer Roundtable on small and medium-sized enterprises
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
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  • 65
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sveikiname Lietuvą!
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Protecting our water
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
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  • 68
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The cost of catastrophe: Why putting a price-tag on disaster is our best protection
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Creative multilateralism: Stronger collaboration for all
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Better policies for SMEs to scale up and go global
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Nudging us forward
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 72
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Governance ; Economics
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  • 73
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Table ronde de l’Observateur de l’OCDE sur la culture et le développement local
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Protéger notre eau
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Mali
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe En douceur vers de meilleurs choix d’intégrité
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe People, trust and government: Getting the measure
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Governance ; Economics
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Taxation ; Economics
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pourquoi le meilleur moyen de se prémunir des catastrophes naturelles est-il d’en chiffrer le coût ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Taxation ; Economics
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multilatéralisme créatif : une collaboration renforcée, pour tous
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Taxation ; Development ; Economics
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1456
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Dezentralisierung ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The United Kingdom displays large regional disparities in productivity compared to most other OECD countries, with a large gap between London and most other regions. This holds back aggregate productivity and growth, and contributes to regional differences in living standards. To make the lagging regions more attractive to companies and workers, transport links between and within cities should be improved by increasing infrastructure investment outside London. Another policy priority is to improve the local business environment through more spending on innovation and increased support for investment and skills. Also, local authorities should have more freedom in setting education and training goals and the land-use planning system has to be more responsive to meet housing needs in cities. The role of subnational government is sub-par relative to the OECD average, but more devolution has recently been introduced in several city-regions. Such efforts towards more decentralization need to continue to cover larger parts of the country and involve greater transfers of powers and responsibilities at the local level.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1458
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Öffentliche Investition ; Projektmanagement ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Norwegen ; Economics ; Norway ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Norway makes substantial public investment in transport and this has intensified in recent years. There is potentially large economic benefit from such investment, particularly as good transport infrastructure can help Norway’s transition away from oil-related activities. However, realising these gains requires sound processes for selecting and delivering projects. This paper assesses the investment process from initial proposals through evaluation, discussion, selection, approval, implementation, and ex post evaluation. It finds that, although the policy process at each stage is clear, and the planning framework has central oversight, final choices of project are often sub-optimal. The paper identifies a need for stronger top-down influence in the planning process and more influence of economic-efficiency considerations in project selection. It also calls for efforts to broaden ex post assessment of transport investment projects and reduction in project delays.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1463
    Keywords: Produktivität ; Investition ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Wettbewerb ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Steuer ; Außenhandel ; Infrastruktur ; Qualifikation ; Finanzmarkt ; Innovation ; Rechtsstaat ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Argentinien ; Economics ; Argentina ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Over the last decades Argentina’s living standards have lost ground relative to other developed and emerging economies. Putting Argentina on a path to stronger, inclusive and job-rich growth requires boosting productivity and strengthening investment through wide-ranging structural reforms. Areas that require reforms include the regulation of product and labour markets, taxes, infrastructure, skills, innovation, trade policy, rule of law and financial markets. Beyond changing the rules, implementation and restoring institutional capacity are equally important. Enhancing competition, for which implementation and institutions are particularly relevant, would stimulate private investment, facilitating the creation of new firms and jobs, and would bring benefits to consumers through lower prices. Finding the right packaging and sequencing of reforms is important to exploit synergies across different areas, to manage trade-offs and to protect the vulnerable from the costs of adjustment. In this context, improving active labour market policies and training can support workers in acquiring new skills and in getting ready for new jobs, improving their capacity to adjust to a changing economy.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 100
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Documents de travail du Département des Affaires économiques de l'OCDE no. 1477
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1477
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Tunesien ; Economics ; Tunisia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Depuis le début des années 2000, le taux d'investissement a fléchi, tiré par la baisse de l'investissement des entreprises. Son niveau est faible par rapport à celui d'autres pays émergents. Les principales causes sont : des réglementations excessives sur le marché des produits, associées à des procédures administratives complexes, une fiscalité peu prévisible, des difficultés croissantes pour le passage des biens en douane et le transport maritime des marchandises ainsi qu’un système financier peu favorable aux jeunes entreprises et à celles en forte croissance. La levée de ces contraintes est essentielle pour relancer l'investissement des entreprises et, avec lui, la productivité, la création d'emplois, la compétitivité et le pouvoir d'achat de tous les tunisiens. La nouvelle loi sur l'investissement, en simplifiant le régime des autorisations, est un pas dans la bonne direction mais devra être pleinement mise en oeuvre et accompagnée par d'autres réformes. Il serait aussi souhaitable de mieux cibler les actions de l'État pour soutenir l'investissement, et notamment d'évaluer systématiquement l'impact et les bénéficiaires des incitations fiscales, y compris celles en faveur du logement. Parallèlement, il faut mieux gérer les infrastructures existantes et prioriser les projets d'infrastructure.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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