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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (259)
  • BSZ  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (261)
  • 1998  (261)
  • OECD  (261)
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Education and skills
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Reviews of national policies for education
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264162198
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Portugal 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Portugal 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: Portugal's development co-operation programme is characterised by concentration bilaterally on the Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa, reflecting close links of history, language and culture. Those countries are now among the least developed countries. Recently, Portugal has emphasized two new areas of development co-operation. First, private sector development, based on economic policy reforms supported by the international institutions, and on instruments which encourage the involvement of the Portuguese private sector. The second new area of emphasis is the strengthening of the governance systems in the PALOPs, the Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa, focusing particularly on legal systems and the judiciary, but also extending to parliamentary institutions, electoral systems, local governments and constitutional advice. In its review of Portugal's programme the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) noted that Portugal has the potential to play a larger role, particularly in Mozambique and Angola, where critical post-conflict development needs have to be met. It noted that a new Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (the CPLP), including Brazil, has recently been formed to enhance dialogue and mutual development efforts.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264189874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Arrangement relatif à des lignes directrices pour les crédits à l'exportation bénéficiant d'un soutien public
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This is the 1998 Arrangement. The main purpose of the Arrangement is to provide the institutional framework for an orderly export credit market; it aims to prevent an export credit race in which exporting countries compete on the basis of who grants the most favourable financing terms rather than on the basis of the price and quality of the product. The Arrangement sets limits on the terms and conditions for export credits involving credit terms of two years or more - that is, that are insured, guaranteed, extended, refinanced or subsidised by or through export credit agencies. In addition to providing a framework for official export credits, the Arrangement sets out rules for tied aid and for risk-based premium fees. The Arrangement is a gentlemen's agreement; it is not an OECD legal Act. The Participants to the Arrangement are most OECD Member countries
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264070707
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 408; Toxicité orale à doses répétées - rongeurs; 90 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 408: Toxicité orale à doses répétées - rongeurs: 90 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to test substance via oral administration. The determination of sub-chronic oral toxicity using repeated doses may be carried out after initial information on toxicity has been obtained from acute or repeated dose 28-day toxicity tests. The method is based on the repeated oral administration of the substance of interest over a prolonged period (one dose level daily during 90 days). This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with rodents (rat preferably). At least 20 animals (10 female and 10 male) should be used for each test group. Three concentrations, at least, should be used. The test compound is administered by gavage or via the diet or drinking water. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. The results of this study include: measurements (weighing at least once a week, food and water consumption) and daily and detailed observations (ophtalmological examination, haematology, clinical biochemistry and urinalysis), each day preferably at the same time; as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. A number of endocrine-related measurements, particularly relevant to thyoid function have been added in 2018. A properly conducted 90-day subchronic test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a no-effect level.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264162891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'investissement dans le capital humain ; Une comparaison internationale
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'investissement dans le capital humain : Une comparaison internationale
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Investment in human capital is to the fore of debate and analysis in OECD countries about how to promote economic prosperity, fuller employment, and social cohesion. Individuals, organisations and nations increasingly recognise that high levels of knowledge, skills and competencies are essential to their future security and success. Investment in skills and competencies takes place in a variety of settings ranging from early childhood education to informal learning in the workplace, and involves a wide range of actors from individuals to enterprises and governments. This report aims to clarify what is now known about human capital and how it can be measured. It responds to a request by governments represented in the OECD Council "to develop an initial set of indicators of human capital investment based on existing data, analyse areas where significant gaps remain in internationally comparable data, identify the cost of development of data collection for new measures and performance indicators, and report to Ministers in 1998".
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9264163425
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: PEB papers
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Under the roof
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Townshend, John; Sous un seul toit
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1996 ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Öffentliche Schule ; Öffentliche Einrichtung
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264262867
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Russian Federation 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: L'éducation constitue un instrument puissant au service de la construction d'une nouvelle Russie. Elle peut aider les citoyens à relever les défis liés à la transition vers la démocratie, contribuer à former une main-d'oeuvre ayant les qualités et les compétences requises par le nouveau contexte socio-économique, et permettre de concilier objectifs nationaux et intérêts régionaux. Le défi posé au système éducatif est d'autant plus grand que de nombreux autres systèmes économiques et sociaux sont également dans une phase de transition et de réforme en Fédération de Russie. Dans le contexte actuel, caractérisé par des conditions changeantes et incertaines et de sérieuses contraintes financières, les politiques éducatives doivent s'efforcer de promouvoir et d'accompagner l'adaptation et le réaménagement des programmes, de renforcer les atouts manifestes du système actuel et d'encourager l'instauration de partenariats nouveaux et efficaces aux niveaux national, régional et local. Ce rapport décrit les tendances les plus récentes de la politique d'éducation de la Fédération de Russie et présente une analyse des réformes en cours. Tout en approuvant l'orientation générale de la politique actuelle, il attire l'attention sur certains problèmes, ouvre de nouveaux horizons et propose des moyens de consolider les réformes engagées. Il contient des recommandations portant sur les objectifs de l'éducation, l'accès universel et l'égalité des chances, les programmes et l'évaluation, les enseignants et leur formation, la réforme de l'enseignement technique et professionnel dans une économie en mutation, et enfin la gestion, le financement et le rôle des pouvoirs publics.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264263147
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment; Brazil 1998
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Brazil
    Abstract: Le Brésil est sur le point de devenir l'un des plus importants pays d'accueil de l'investissement direct étranger (IDE) d'Amérique latine et du monde. L'attrait exercé par le Brésil s'est sensiblement accru grâce aux réformes économiques importantes et aux privatisations de grande envergure qui en ont fait le plus grand marché latino-américain ainsi qu'un acteur-clé du Mercosur. La propagation de la libéralisation, la restructuration de l'économie brésilienne et la poursuite de l'intégration économique devraient amplifier cette tendance dans les années à venir. Il y a tout lieu de se féliciter des politiques mises en place par le gouvernement du Brésil pour enrayer la discrimination à l'égard des investisseurs étrangers et de leurs investissements, protéger leurs actifs (tangibles ou intangibles) et créer des mécanismes de règlement des différends. Cette étude souligne cependant qu'un certain nombre d'inquiétudes subsistent en matière d'accès au secteur bancaire, de discrétion réglementaire ou administative et de barrières structurelles. Mais l'adhésion aux principes de libéralisation de l'OCDE sont de nature à consolider et conforter le gouvernment brésilien dans la voie des réformes, tout en offrant un cadre favorable à l'expansion des relations entre le Brésil et les pays de l'OCDE dans le domaine de l'IDE.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163683
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Investment Guides
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Since 1991, the Lithuanian Government has instituted a number of reforms which led to an increase in the level of foreign investment. The Investment Guide for Lithuania has been prepared with three objectives in mind : firstly, to identify those areas of economic activity which present opportunities for foreign investors; secondly, to provide the investor with comprehensive information relating to the historical, political, economic, financial and legal framework, essential for sound and secured foreign investment; thirdly, to draw on the experiences of the foreign investors in Lithuania, and to assess the business, investment and regulatory environment.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163737
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789264063792
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789264163843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: 44
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1997
    RVK:
    RVK:
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Public Management Occasional Papers
    Keywords: Governance ; France ; Italy
    Abstract: Traditionally, pay analysis in the public sector has been based on cross section data, such as average or median wages. This study differs in that micro longitudinal data are used to explain and compare pay determination in the French and Italian civil services. Based on examples, the report presents different readings obtained from aggregate data and individual longitudinal data. It focuses on the weight of various components of human capital -- gender, age, year of birth, seniority, educational level -- on trends in civil servants' pay throughout working life. This type of analysis sheds new light in the area of human resource management in the civil service and, in particular, may be seen as a key tool for analysing gender pay discrimination.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La consommation de l'eau et la gestion durable des ressources en eau
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Water is a vital resource for human health, economic development and environmental quality. Over the past three decades, OECD Member countries have made major strides in the management of their water resources. Increasingly, however, water is coming back onto the policy agenda. Persistent water quality problems, the need for heavy investments in water delivery and treatment infrastructure, and growing competition for finite supplies are forcing greater attention on the mix of policies needed to achieve efficient and effective integrated water resources management. The integrated management of water resources is not a new concept. The notion of "integration", however, is evolving. Greater emphasis is being given to the full recognition of the water needs of the environment in pricing policies, allocation decisions and institutional reform. There is also a growing number of examples of the integration of a wider range of stakeholders, including the private sector and local communities, in water resources planning and management. This report presents the discussions and conclusions of the OECD workshop on sustainable water consumption, which was held in Sydney, Australia (10-12 February 1997). Drawing on examples from OECD Member countries and selected countries from the Asia-Pacific, it examines progress made on a range of key water policy issues and examines some of the more innovative attempts to put into practice a wider vision of integration.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (512 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Tomsk is one of the oldest established centres of industry and learning in the Russian Federation. The city of Tomsk and its surrounding region now face challenging economic and resource utilisation problems. These must be overcome if the pace of development is to be quickened and deepened. At the invitation of the regional authorities, the OECD’s Centre for Co-operation with the Economies in Transition, organised a conference in Tomsk on a regional approach to industrial restructuring in June 1997. It received special support from the Institute for Advanced Studies of Vienna. This report presents the economic assessment, conference conclusions and recommendations. It will be of particular use to potential investors, businesses and other specialists interested in the opportunities arising from reforms underway in the economy of one of Russia’s oldest regions. The publication notably provides an overview of the Tomsk regional economy and its main sectors, with an examination of key regional and federal policy issues, and investment provisions.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264162693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Australie 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Australie 1998
    Keywords: Environment ; Australia
    Abstract: This report evaluates Australia's progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264262577
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overview of Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Cette publication analyse la législation et la réglementation régissant les utilisations pacifiques de l'énergie nucléaire en Europe de l'Est. Elle couvre onze pays d'Europe centrale et orientale et cinq pays appartenant à la Communauté des États Indépendants. Les chapitres consacrés à chaque pays pris individuellement ont été rédigés selon un plan uniforme destiné à faciliter la recherche et la comparaison de l'information. Cette publication continuera à faire l'objet de mises à jour régulières. Arménie Lettonie Bélarus Lituanie Bulgarie Pologne Croatie République slovaque Estonie République tchèque Fédération de Russie Roumanie Hongrie Slovénie Kazakstan Ukraine
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264162006
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Se nourrir demain ; Perspectives à long terme du secteur agro-alimentaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Se nourrir demain : Perspectives à long terme du secteur agro-alimentaire
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Abstract: The agro-food sector in OECD countries is heading towards an era of turbulance and transition. With food demand in developing countries growing, barriers to trade and investment falling, and consumer tastes and preferences rapidly diversifying, the landscape of OECD food markets will be radically different 20 years from now. Are food shortages likely and what will happen to food prices? What changes will we see in food retailing and food processing? Will there be more co-operation between the various players in the agro-food industry, more concentration or more competition? To grasp these challenges, this report looks into the prospects for the agro-food sector to 2010-20 and examines the new generation of key issues that lie ahead for governments, business, farmers and consumers.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264451346
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Mexico 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Mexique 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Mexico 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Mexique 1998
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264263512
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1998 Issue 1; Special Issue on New Rationale and Approaches in Technology and Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1998 Issue 1: Special Issue on New Rationale and Approaches in Technology and Innovation Policy
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264163874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: As economic globalisation runs its seemingly relentless course, the demands on OECD economies' flexibility are set to increase still further in the years to come. What kind of society will be able to cope with these pressures? How much and what kinds of adaptability will be required of individuals, institutions and enterprises? What forces will hold OECD societies together in an environment shaped by intense international competition and fast-moving technological change? This publication looks into the prospects for societal cohesion in tomorrow's world. It assesses the long-run implications of continuing with the current set of policies, and examines ideas that may help societies strike a sustainable balance between economic flexibility and a cohesive social fabric.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264162860
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Fédération de Russie 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Fédération de Russie 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Education is a powerful force in building the new Russia: it can help its citizens meet the challenges of the new, emerging democratic society; develop in its labour force the talents, skills and dispositions required in the new economic and social setting; and harmonise national aims with regional concerns. The challenge to the education system in the Russian Federation is especially great because so many other social and economic systems are undergoing transition and reform simultaneously. Against the present context of fluid and uncertain conditions and significant financial constraint, school policies need to promote and support the adaptation and restructuring of curricula while reinforcing evident strengths in current provision and fostering the development of new, effective partnerships at national, regional and local levels. This report describes the most recent trends in schooling and education policy in the Russian Federation, and analyses the education reform initiatives under way. While supporting the overall policy trends now under way, its recommendations draw attention to particular problems and share new perspectives as well as identify ways to consolidate the ongoing reforms. Recommendations are offered for education goals, access and opportunity for all; curriculum and assessment; teachers and teacher education; reforming vocational and technical education within a changing economy; and management, finance and the role of government.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264262591
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Mexico 1998
    Keywords: Environment ; Mexico
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré au Mexique évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Nuclear Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264163706
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    RVK:
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    RVK:
    RVK:
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264263123
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Russian Federation 1998
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: L'éclatement de l'Union soviétique en 1991 a été pour la Russie le point de départ d'une transition longue et laborieuse vers une économie de marché. Bien que des progrès considérables aient été réalisés en termes de libéralisation de l'économie, certaines difficultés subsistent dans le secteur agroalimentaire. La Russie possède un potentiel économique énorme et l'économie rurale continuera d'être un maillon essentiel de sa structure économique et sociale pendant une bonne partie du XXI ème siècle. Mais pour concrétiser ce potentiel, la Russie doit favoriser le développement et la mise en place de mécanismes de régulation du marché efficaces et éliminer les obstacles structurels qui empêchent l'émergence d'un secteur agroalimentaire puissant et compétitif. Cette étude constitue l'une des analyses et des évaluations les plus approfondies de l'évolution des politiques agricoles en Russie depuis le début de la réforme. Elle s'appuie sur la méthode bien établie des équivalents subvention à la production et à la consommation utilisée par l'OCDE dans le calcul du soutien accordé à l'agriculture.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264062139
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264062245
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This annual publication sets out the main statistical data concerning the transport sector in the Member countries of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT). For the first time, the reader will find data on the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Moldova. The Czech and Slovak Republics joined the ECMT in 1993 whereas Moldova has been a Member since 1994. Tables cover such topics as investment, infrastructure, rolling stock, human resources, traffic and energy consumption for the different modes of transport.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264262461
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.23
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Belgium 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Belgium
    Abstract: Confronté depuis quelques années à de sérieux problèmes, le système belge de coopération pour le développement est aujourd'hui à un tournant critique. Un plan d'action a été élaboré par le Secrétaire d'Etat à la Coopération et des réformes fondamentales ont été entreprises. Ce plan d'action, intitulé "Annoncer la couleur -- Plan d'avenir pour la coopération belge au développement", a été favorablement accueilli par le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE. Lors de son examen triennal de la politique et du programme d'aide de la Belgique le Comité a également pris note de la volonté du Secrétaire d'Etat de concevoir un programme de coopération qui dépasse le cadre des considérations économiques et sociales, et tienne pleinement compte des valeurs fondamentales de la société. Compte tenu des pratiques optimales en usage parmi les donneurs, le Comité s'est déclaré favorable à différentes mesures susceptibles d'augmenter l'efficience et l'efficacité du programme belge de coopération pour le développement : accroître l'efficacité par une plus grande décentralisation des tâches d'exécution et contrôler l'efficience grâce à une politique active de suivi, d'évaluation et de rétroaction des résultats ; améliorer la qualification du personnel en renforcant les formations sur les thèmes-clés du développement et en instaurant un système de rotation entre le siège et les représentations locales ; élaborer des stratégies par pays basées sur une approche de partenariat ; concentrer les efforts de coopération technique sur le renforcement des capacités locales. Au cours de l'année 1998 des examens de politique en matière de coopération pour le développement sont prévus pour les Membres du CAD suivants : Canada, Espagne, Etats-Unis, Allemagne, Communauté européenne, Finlande et Luxembourg.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Rapid economic and social change in both inner cities and suburbs has created new challenges for the integration of immigrants and their descendants. What is the role of immigration in urban development and neighbourhood change? What are the impacts of urban change on immigrants and their chances of integration? The history of urban development and the characteristics of immigrant populations -- size, origins, the range of groups represented and their history, length of residence and civic status -- vary across countries. The process of integration may thus vary considerably at different times and for different immigrant groups. This publication analyses in detail the nature and content of policies being implemented to promote the integration of immigrants in urban areas. It examines how the changing socio-economic context in cities may affect immigrants and the advantages and disadvantages of urban concentrations of immigrants, drawing on examples from cities in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States. It also highlights the importance of associating not only immigrants and key local actors, but the concerned wider population as well, in defining and implementing urban development and integration policies.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Trade liberalisation is necessary but not sufficient to provide the conditions under which migration flows are significantly reduced. Co-ordinated measures must therefore be undertaken to promote technological catch-up, the development of physical infrastructure and investment in human capital. Against a background of sustained development accompanied by significant employment creation, the incentive to emigrate could decline. This publication explores the links between trade liberalisation and migration movements in North America and discusses the issue of whether the free circulation of persons accompany the successive stages of regional economic integration or whether it is an important objective to be achieved only once economic convergence has reached a sufficiently high level. The authors conclude that restrictions on movement are likely to continue into the future and that the lack of free movement does not constitute an obstacle to regional economic integration. Within this context, the need for balanced migration policies which take account of concerns about the economic consequences and social welfare of both sending and receiving countries will remain on the agenda for the foreseeable future.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264262317
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Series Statement: La stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264262935
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Open Markets Matter; The Benefits of Trade and Investment Liberalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Open Markets Matter: The Benefits of Trade and Investment Liberalisation
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: L'ouverture des marchés offre des avantages tangibles. Au cours de la dernière décennie, les pays les plus ouverts aux échanges et à l'investissement ont enregistré une croissance annuelle moyenne deux fois supérieure à celle des économies plus fermées. Les individus, les entreprises et les pays sont plus nombreux que jamais à dépendre des gains de la libéralisation du commerce et de l'investissement. Cependant, l'intégration accrue des marchés suscite toujours de l'inquiétude. Un engagement durable des pays en faveur de la libéralisation est indispensable pour assurer la prospérité mondiale sur le long terme. Pour être crédible, cet engagement doit être légitimé par un large soutien public, fondé sur la compréhension de ses enjeux. Il est d'autant plus important de faire savoir ce que la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement peut ou ne peut pas accomplir et ce dont elle peut être tenue pour responsable. La libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement n'est pas un processus indolore. Il ne faut pas la considérer comme une panacée ni comme une fin en soi. Néanmoins, elle constitue une composante essentielle de tout ensemble de politiques cohérent visant à aider les sociétés à s'ajuster -- afin d'en tirer profit -- aux transformations qu'induit le progrès technique, dont le rythme et l'ampleur sont sans précédent. Face à des enjeux aussi importants, cette publication examine les diverses voies qu'empruntent les marchés ouverts pour dispenser des bénéfices considérables aux sociétés et à leurs citoyens. Elle souligne les coûts monétaires du protectionnisme pour chacun et traite l'ensemble des préoccupations qui occupent une place importante dans le débat actuel sur les conséquences de la libéralisation des marchés pour l'emploi, la répartition du revenu, la protection de l'environnement et la souveraineté nationale. Cette étude délivre un message essentiel : la libéralisation n'est pas la cause première des inquiétudes des citoyens mais en constitue l'un des remèdes. Cette analyse exhaustive des tenants et des aboutissants de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement devrait apporter une contribution majeure au débat public. Elle constitue une lecture indispensable pour les fonctionnaires, les dirigeants du monde des affaires et les particuliers qui souhaitent y prendre une part active.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour des politiques de l'emploi plus efficaces; la gestion locale
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Giguère, Sylvain Local management
    DDC: 339.5
    RVK:
    Keywords: Städtischer Arbeitsmarkt ; Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Kommunalpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: To combat persistent unemployment and growing disparities, employment and training policies need re-organising to become more effective. Governments are endeavouring to achieve this by increasing the involvement of local and regional authorities, social partners, the private sector and the community in policy design and implementation.Co-ordinating the efforts of these stakeholders, all involved at different levels, is a major challenge for governments. Local management of employment and training makes for more flexibility and hence better use of all available resources. This publication looks at the decentralisation of active labour market policies in OECD countries and shows how local employment management can lead to the implementation of more effective policies.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 25
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: United Kingdom 1998
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162884
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Intégrer les quartiers en difficulté
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Davies, Andrew, 1966 - Integrating distressed urban areas
    RVK:
    Keywords: Städtischer Niedergang ; Stadterneuerung ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Stadtviertel ; Unterprivilegierung ; Stadtplanung
    Abstract: Distressed urban areas threaten social cohesion in urban regions, the very centre of our economies. This problem can be traced to no single cause; rather it represents a combination of environmental, economic, social and cultural circumstances that take spatial form in different parts of inner cities and suburbs. Traditional policies have not succeeded in halting the downward spiral that effects these areas because they were unable to address the complex and area-based nature of the problem at the local level. The aim of this study is to describe this phenomenon and analyse policies implemented in OECD countries, so as to come up with multisectoral policies that are better suited to the problems they have to address.Policy objectives include attracting investment, creating jobs, rebuilding sound economic and social foundations and, more generally, combatting the isolation from which distressed urban areas suffer. Different levels of government, civic society and the private sector all have roles to play. There is an urgent need for integrative policies based on reinforcement of the local dimension and on partnerships that bring all the actors together.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment: Brazil 1998
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Centre for Educational Research and Innovation
    ISBN: 9789264276161
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163690
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'avenir des professions à prédominance féminine
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development The future of female-dominated occupations
    DDC: 331.4
    RVK:
    Keywords: Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Fraueneinkommen ; Büroberufe ; Lehrkräfte ; Pflegeberufe ; Sozialberufe ; Strukturwandel ; Sozialer Wandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Frauenberuf ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Zukunft
    Abstract: In all of the OECD countries, employment is seen to be sharply segregated by gender, with women's employment heavily concentrated in the same occupations: secretaries, primary school teachers, nurses and home helpers. These jobs, whose image has in many cases remained stereotyped and traditional, are at the heart of the information and service economy and have therefore been undergoing far-reaching changes due to information technologies, the development of a knowledge-based economy and population ageing. These transformations represent a major challenge for women's employment and for gender equality in the labour market. Beyond the high segregation and concentration scales which are a constant of women's employment in all countries, international comparisons show that there can be differences in the status of a given occupation from one country to another. These differences can stem from the way in which occupations are defined or from how the relevant activities and work are organised. Understanding these differences is essential to identify ways to promote women's career prospects in female-dominated occupations.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'avenir des professions a prédominance féminine
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264263444
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264263741
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.106
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Intercity Transport Markets in Countries in Transition
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Après la chute du Mur de Berlin et la fin de l'ancien système économique, les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale ont traversé une crise économique profonde caractérisée par une contraction de leur Produit Intérieur Brut et une réduction corrélative très importante des transports. A l'instar de l'économie en général, les transports sont passés d'un système axé sur l'offre à un système où prime la demande. Les décisions ne sont plus imposées par une volonté planificatrice mais par le marché. Aussi, après cinq ou six ans de réformes, la Table Ronde 106 a cherché à faire le point sur la situation des transports dans les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale. Les politiques qui sont menées présentent-elles les caractéristiques adéquates pour faire face aux besoins de transformation ? Tous les pays étudiés envisagent d'adhérer à l'Union Européenne, aussi tendent-ils à adopter le modèle de concurrence européen en matière de transports. Mais ce modèle est-il adapté aux mentalités et réalités des anciens pays socialistes ? Ces questions figurent, parmi d'autres, au coeur des discussions de la Table Ronde 106.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Intercity transport markets in countries in transition
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 29
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Germany 1998
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Language: English , French
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789264262263
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Transport Sector
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: L'évaluation environnementale stratégique sert depuis peu d'aide à la prise de décision intégrée sur les grands investissements en matière d'infrastructures de transport et, d'une manière plus générale, à la planification et à l'élaboration des politiques. Ce rapport fait le point de l'expérience acquise dans le monde dans cette nouvelle discipline. Son objectif est de contribuer à l'élaboration de procédures efficaces pour prendre en compte les évaluations environnementales appropriées dans toutes les décisions stratégiques relatives au secteur des transports.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Strategic environmental assessment in the transport sector
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264062375
    Language: Multiple languages , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Employment ; Taxation ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This annual publication provides unique information on direct taxes levied from employees and their employers in all OECD countries. In addition, the book specifies family benefits paid as cash transfers. Amounts of taxes and benefits are detailed program by program, for eight households types, which differ by income level and household composition. Results include the tax burden for one- and two- earner families.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme des politiques agricoles ; Quels effets sur l'environnement ?
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Maier, Leo, 1958 - The environmental effects of reforming agricultural policies
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltschutz ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik ; Reformpolitik ; Umwelt
    Abstract: OECD countries have started to reform their agricultural policies in the last decade. Many countries have also implemented agri-environmental measures that are directly aimed at improving the environment. What are the changes in land use, farming practices and input use resulting from these reforms? What have been the effects on the environment: soils, water, air, biodiversity, wildlife habitat and landscape? How have regional and local conditions influenced the environmental outcomes? To what extent have agri-environmental measures contributed to achieving sustainable agriculture? And how could such measures be made more effective and cost-efficient? Through examining concrete policy experiences from OECD countries, this study concludes that agricultural policy reforms can improve the environment, provided they are accompanied by appropriate environmental measures.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: La réforme des politiques agricoles
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264262744
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Co-operative Approaches to Sustainable Agriculture
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Dans les pays de l'OCDE, certains agriculteurs se regroupent spontanément en associations pour favoriser une agriculture plus durable. Comment expliquer ce phénomène ? Comment l'encourager ? Dans quelle mesure de telles initiatives peuvent-elles remplacer ou compléter les mesures agri-environnementales mises en place par les pouvoirs publics ? Cette étude essaie de répondre à ces questions en analysant les expériences menées récemment par des groupements de protection des terres en Australie, au Canada, aux Pays-Bas et en Nouvelle-Zélande. Elle met aussi en lumière les conditions qui permettent à ces associations de travailler le plus efficacement ainsi que le type de projets qui leur convient le mieux. L'analyse des différentes expériences nationales permet de dégager un certain nombre d'observations générales et de formuler des recommandations précises. L'étude ouvre ainsi des perspectives nouvelles sur le rôle que peuvent jouer les associations spontanées dans la recherche de solutions locales concertées aux problèmes de l'environnement local.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264262751
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Conférences de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Water Consumption and Sustainable Water Resources Management
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L'eau est vitale pour la santé humaine, le développement économique et la qualité de l'environnement. Au cours des trois dernières décennies, les pays Membres de l'OCDE ont beaucoup progressé dans la gestion de leurs ressources en eau. Pourtant, l'eau revient au premier plan des préoccupations gouvernementales de plus en plus fréquemment. Des problèmes persistants liés à la qualité de l'eau et la nécessité d'investissements massifs dans l'infrastructure de distribution et de traitement de l'eau, conjugués à une concurrence toujours plus vive pour des ressources limitées contraignent à s'intéresser de plus près à la combinaison de mesures optimales pour parvenir à une gestion intégrée, rationnelle et efficace, des ressources en eau. La gestion intégrée des ressources en eau n'est pas un concept nouveau. Toutefois, le contenu du terme "intégration" évolue. On est beaucoup plus conscient aujourd'hui de la nécessité de prendre pleinement en compte les besoins en eau de l'environnement dans les politiques de tarification, les décisions en matière de répartition des ressources en eau et la réforme des institutions. Les exemples d'intégration d'un éventail plus large de parties intéressées, notamment le secteur privé et les collectivités locales, se multiplient également dans la planification et la gestion des ressources en eau. Ce rapport récapitule les discussions et les conclusions du séminaire sur la consommation durable de l'eau organisé par l'OCDE à Sydney, en Australie (10-12 février 1997). S'inspirant d'exemples tirés de pays Membres de l'OCDE et de quelques pays de la région Asie-Pacifique, il fait le bilan des progrès accomplis dans plusieurs aspects fondamentaux des politiques visant les ressources en eau et passe en revue certains des efforts les plus novateurs pour ancrer dans la réalité une vision plus large de l'intégration.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion de conflits en Afrique ; Un défi permanent
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Conflict management in Africa
    RVK:
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Friedenssicherung ; Politische Unruhen ; Sozialer Konflikt ; Zentralafrika ; Development
    Abstract: In many African countries, violent conflicts have slowed down economic and social development, if they have not actually pushed it backwards. In order to manage conflicts in a non-violent manner, governance methods adapted to the development process are needed. Effective conflict prevention, however, demands thorough understanding of the origins and dynamics of these conflicts. The outcome of a meeting jointly organised by the Development Centre and the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD, this volume considers the options available to donors in the effort to prevent conflict and enhance prospects for peaceful social, economic and political development. Despite the complexity of the subject, the contributors to the book arrive at some prudent conclusions of interest to policy makers. At the national level, action programmes should promote social, political and economic justice; empower civil society through skill, knowledge and resource transfer; develop good governance for conflict management; and accommodate different groups and interests in society. Internationally, a greater sensitivity to conflict issues is needed within broader development efforts. The international community should seek to provide the means by which conflicting groups can negotiate their own solutions to tension, rather than imposing externally devised solutions.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264263284
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264163294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.105
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mobilité induite par les infrastructures
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Infrastructure-induced mobility
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: 07.11.1996 ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrsaufkommen ; Großbritannien ; Österreich ; Spanien ; Transport ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Mobilität
    Abstract: Do roads induce mobility? This might sound like a strange question, yet it only stands to reason that building new roads -- or other infrastructure -- may actually encourage people to use the new additional capacity to travel more. Induced mobility is a hotly debated issue, but the experts are no longer in any doubt that it is a very real phenomenon. However, measuring it is another matter, since we do not have sufficient data or experience in this area. This Round Table presents the data that is available to date on infrastructure-induced mobility. From the introductory reports and discussions, it is clear that much progress has been made in the last few years. As recently as ten years ago, many experts would have disputed the very existence of the induced mobility phenomenon. Today a consensus is emerging: Round Table 105 gives the full report.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264263208
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards Sustainable Development; Environmental Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rumo a um Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Indicadores Ambientais
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards Sustainable Development: Environmental Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rumo a um Desenvolvimento Sustentável: Indicadores Ambientais
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La dimension internationale des problèmes environnementaux et l'intérêt des gouvernements pour le développement durable ont conduit ces derniers à identifier et à mesurer les progrès environnementaux ainsi que leurs liens avec la situation et l'évolution économiques. Cette publication présente les principaux indicateurs environnementaux du corps central de l'OCDE et contribue ainsi à l'évaluation des performances environnementales et des progrès vers un développement durable. Structuré par thèmes comme le changement climatique, la pollution de l'air, la biodiversité, et les déchets ou ressources en eau, cet ouvrage apporte des informations indispensables à tous ceux concernés par le développement durable .
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163393
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La société civile et le développement international
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Civil society and international development
    DDC: 327.1/7
    RVK:
    Keywords: Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Bürgerliche Gesellschaft
    Abstract: Interest in the concept of civil society has undergone a remarkable renaissance in the 1990s. It is currrently seen as a potential tool to overcome some of the main theoretical and political stalemates. But what exactly does the concept of civil society mean ? Can civil society really be a counterweight to governments which have become too remote from their people ? The Western concept of what constitutes civil society may well have to be adjusted when applied to developing economies where different cultural forces and values come into play. This book takes up the challenge of defining civil society's role in furthering developmental objectives within the context of developing societies themselves. It compares the activities and attitudes of different elements of civil society within the development process, and suggests ways in which they could be made more effective. It also shows that governments should not try to replace their own development activities with those of civil society.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264263048
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Staying Ahead; In-service Training and Teacher Professional Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Staying Ahead: In-service Training and Teacher Professional Development
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La société est plus exigeante que jamais envers ses écoles et ses enseignants. Ces derniers sont censés offrir un enseignement d'excellente qualité à un corps étudiant de plus en plus hétérogène tout en rendant cet enseignement plus accessible et en se tenant à l'écoute des besoins souvent spécifiques des élèves. Dans un monde en constante mutation, l'enseignement doit répondre à des exigences elles aussi nouvelles. Un enseignement en prise directe sur son temps passe par une formation continue et un perfectionnement professionnel réguliers. C'est ainsi que les enseignants pourront devenir des « praticiens dynamiques », et les écoles des « entreprises d'apprentissage ». Cet ouvrage porte plus particulièrement sur ce qui est fait en matière de perfectionnement professionnel -- nouvelles politiques et pratiques innovatrices -- en vue de répondre à ces objectifs. Il couvre huit pays de l'OCDE : Allemagne, États-Unis, Irlande, Japon, Luxembourg, Suède, Suisse et Royaume-Uni (Angleterre et Pays de Galles)
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264262270
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pathways and Participation in Vocational and Technical Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Les pays de l'OCDE ont des traditions très diverses en matière de formation professionnelle initiale. Cet ouvrage, préparé dans le cadre du projet VOTEC sur "Le rôle nouveau de l'enseignement technique et de la formation professionnelle", a pour but d'aider à mieux comprendre la logique interne et le fonctionnement de ces différents systèmes. Les systèmes d'éducation et de formation offrent des itinéraires différenciés et interconnectés, chacun pouvant être défini comme une suite de programmes. Mais quels sont les facteurs explicatifs de la participation des jeunes à VOTEC et de son évolution au cours du temps ? Un certain nombre d'hypothèses ont été formulées, qui sont ici étudiées à la lumière de dix rapports nationaux. Toute la richesse des informations fournies par ces rapports est rassemblée, pour la première fois, dans cet ouvrage qui rappelle les concepts de base et évalue les enseignements à retenir des expériences nationales. Cette approche à la fois conceptuelle et pragmatique devrait aider les décideurs nationaux à substituer aux réponses idéologiques toutes faites des solutions novatrices fondées sur l'expérience et adaptées aux traditions de leur pays.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Pathways and participation in vocational and technical education and training
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162433
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les crédits d'impôt fictif ; Un réexamen de la question
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Tax sparing uudelleenarvioitavana
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Tax sparing
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuervergünstigung ; Investitionspolitik ; Doppelbesteuerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; OECD ; Direktinvestition ; Steuervergütung ; Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen
    Abstract: Tax sparing provisions have now more than four decades of history in bilateral tax treaties, including treaties between OECD countries. But the world of today is quite different from that when the positions of OECD Member and non-member countries towards tax sparing were developed. These changes in the international setting have led countries to reconsider their attitude towards tax sparing and the design of such provisions. This report examines the practices of Member countries and explains why Member countries have become more reluctant to grant tax sparing in treaties. It also provides a number of suggested "best practices" on the design of tax sparing provisions in tax treaties.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Les crédits d'impôt fictif
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264162501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Démocratie, décentralisation et déficits budgétaires en Amérique latine
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Democracy, decentralisation and deficits in Latin America
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Dezentralisierung ; Finanzausgleich ; Demokratie ; Lateinamerika ; Development ; Konferenzschrift 1997 ; Lateinamerika ; Finanzpolitik ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: What is the impact of political decentralisation in Latin America? This book considers the problems raised by political decentralisation in the region and identifies the challenges ahead. Political decentralisation tends to devolve a certain amount of financial responsibility to the sub-national levels of government, hence potentially destabilising centrally established fiscal and budgetary targets. The question is, thus, a particularly timely one which seeks to reconcile enhanced democratisation with the fiscal rigour demanded by the international marketplace. This book brings together papers presented at the eighth annual meeting of the "International Forum on Latin American Perspectives", sponsored jointly by the OECD Development Centre and the Inter-American Development Bank. The analyses of economic experts are confronted with the real-life experiences of practitioners from a number of Latin American countries, providing the reader with a stimulating exposé of the risks and benefits to economic development of the new decentralising trend. Of particular interest are the so-called "ten commandments" suggested by Ricardo Hausmann as a set of rules which should govern fiscal management in decentralised democracies. Discussion of these and other propositions makes for a lively, yet soundly based contribution to this very important debate.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Démocratie, décentralisation et déficits budgétaires en Amérique latine
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1997
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 24
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Netherlands 1997
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264263215
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264263086
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264163751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapport sur la situation actuelle du transport combiné en Europe
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Report on the current state of combined transport in Europe
    DDC: 388/.094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Intermodaler Verkehr ; Europa ; Transport ; Europa ; Kombinierter Verkehr
    Abstract: This report on the current state of combined transport in Europe begins with an overview of combined transport in 30 European countries of the ECMT. It deals with both Central and Eastern European Countries that have recently become Members and the long-standing Member countries for which the most recent developments have been highlighted through the updating of a 1992 study on the improvements of main international piggyback links. The scope of the study, beyond road and rail, has been extended to include inland waterways and short-sea shipping, thus permitting a better evaluation of the current weaknesses of the sector and the possible improvements. On the basis of this report, the Council of Ministers of the ECMT has adopted a series of recommendations directed at all parties concerned in the public and private sectors, at both national and international level, regarding certain elements which are needed to achieve a significant improvement in combined transport and to ensure the sustainable development of the latter. These recommendations are also included in this publication.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Rapport sur la situation actuelle du transport combiné en Europe
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264263758
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Report on the Current State of Combined Transport in Europe
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce rapport sur la situation actuelle du transport combiné en Europe dresse tout d'abord un panorama de la situation de ce type de transport pour trente pays d'Europe Membres de la CEMT. Les pays étudiés sont aussi bien ceux d'Europe centrale et orientale qui ont récemment adhéré à la Conférence que les Membres de longue date, pour lesquels les développements les plus récents sont mis à jour depuis l'étude réalisée en 1992 sur les améliorations des grandes liaisons internationales par ferroutage. Le champ d'observation couvert par cette étude, au-delà de la route et du rail, s'étend aux voies navigables et à la navigation maritime à courte distance. Ainsi pourront être mieux pressenties les faiblesses actuelles du transport combiné et les améliorations possibles. Sur la base de ce rapport, le Conseil des Ministres de la CEMT a adopté une série de recommandations qui s'adressent aux différents partenaires, tant publics que privés, nationaux ou internationaux, et qui portent sur certains éléments nécessaires pour garantir à la fois une amélioration effective et un développement durable du transport combiné. Ces recommandations figurent également dans cette publication.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Report on the current state of combined transport in Europe
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264263833
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overcoming Failure at School
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: L'échec scolaire : un vieux problème dans un nouveau contexte ? Dans la plupart des pays de l'OCDE, admettre l'existence de l'échec scolaire ne va pas forcément de soi. Et quand le problème est avéré, il n'est pas toujours facile de le combattre efficacement, ou, même, de s'accorder sur les indicateurs susceptibles d'en montrer l'ampleur. Quelles sont les manifestations actuelles de l'échec scolaire ? Et quelles politiques faut-il adopter pour répondre au problème ?Cet ouvrage entend mieux faire comprendre la nature de l'échec scolaire dans les pays de l'OCDE. Il reformule le problème en s'interrogeant sur les décisions politiques actuelles et présente de nouvelles solutions. Il propose un ensemble d'indicateurs d'échec nationaux et internationaux et compare différentes formes d'intervention visant à améliorer les performances des élèves en Australie, en Belgique, au Canada, en Espagne, au Japon, en Nouvelle-Zélande et au Royaume-Uni.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Overcoming failure at school
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English , French
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162532
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme de la politique agricole et l'économie rurale dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Agricultural policy reform and the rural economy in OECD countries
    DDC: 338.1809177
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Agroindustrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Fallstudiensammlung ; OECD ; Agrarreform
    Abstract: The socio-economic development of rural areas has become an important issue for agricultural policy design in many OECD countries. Yet there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis of the inter-linkages between the agro-food sector and the rural economy. What consequences have on-going structural changes in agriculture for rural areas? What is the role of agricultural policies? The report, comprising a main report and case studies on Canada, France, Greece, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and Switzerland, addresses these important questions. A key conclusion of the report is that traditional agricultural support policies are increasingly ineffective in accomplishing rural development objectives. Agricultural policy reform can enhance agro-food's contribution to the viable development of rural economies, although the benefits are not immediate. A coherent, well co-ordinated and targeted policy approach aimed at diversification, promotion of high-quality regional products, provision of information, direct payments and public goods would improve the competitiveness of rural areas. How to strike the right balance between the need for greater economic efficiency, and social and environmental concerns in rural areas is a key challenge facing policy makers.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264263161
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p)
    Series Statement: Séminaires du Centre de Développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflict Management in Africa; A Permanent Challenge
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflict Management in Africa: A Permanent Challenge
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Dans de nombreux pays africains, des conflits violents ont freiné le développement économique et social, quand ils ne l'ont pas tout simplement fait reculer. Pour gérer les tensions politiques et sociales de façon non violente, il faut adopter des modes de "gouvernance" appropriés au processus de développement. Mais, pour être efficace, la prévention des conflits requiert une connaissance approfondie de leurs origines et de leur dynamique. Cet ouvrage est le fruit d'une réunion organisée par le Centre de Développement et le Comité d'Aide au Développement de l'OCDE. Il passe en revue les possibilités offertes aux donneurs dans le cadre des efforts menés pour prévenir les conflits et renforcer les perspectives de développement social, économique et politique pacifique. Malgré la complexité du sujet, les auteurs ont pu dégagé des conclusions prudentes de nature à intéresser les décideurs. Au plan national, des programmes d'action doivent promouvoir la justice sociale, politique et économique ; faire participer la société civile aux affaires publiques à travers un transfert des compétences, connaissances et ressources ; définir des modes de gestion des conflits efficaces ; et prendre en compte les différents groupes et intérêts dans la société. Dans le cadre d'efforts de développement accrus, la communauté internationale devrait, quant à elle, être plus sensible à la problématique des conflits. Son rôle est d'offrir aux groupes concernés les moyens de négocier leur propre solution aux conflits et non de leur imposer des solutions de l'extérieur.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264262447
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Environmental Effects of Reforming Agricultural Policies
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Les pays de l'OCDE ont commencé à réformer leurs politiques agricoles au cours de la dernière décennie. De nombreux pays ont également mis en oeuvre des mesures agri-environnementales dont l'objectif direct est d'améliorer l'environnement. Quelles modifications ces réformes ont-elles apportées en matière d'utilisation des terres, de pratiques agricoles et d'emploi d'intrants ? Quels effets ont-elles eus sur l'environnement et notamment sur les sols, l'eau, l'air, la biodiversité, les habitats sauvages et le paysage ? Dans quelle mesure les conditions régionales et locales ont-elles influencé les résultats en matière d'environnement ? Quelle a été la contribution des mesures agri-environnementales à la réalisation de l'agriculture durable ? Et comment pourrait-on rendre ces mesures plus efficaces et moins coûteuses ? En s'appuyant sur les expériences de terrain conduites par plusieurs pays de l'OCDE, cette étude aboutit à la conclusion que les réformes en matière de politique agricole peuvent améliorer l'environnement à condition qu'elles s'accompagnent de mesures environnementales appropriées.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: The environmental effects of reforming agricultural policies
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264162341
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Information technology, especially the electronic network known as the World Wide Web, is changing the way that businesses and consumers interact. This expansive electronic network allows both businesses and consumers to transcend global barriers, gaining access to products and information in ways that were once unimaginable. However, travelling outside the realm of the terrestrial marketplace with its commercial and geographic restraints can also mean moving in an unpredictable environment without the security that traditional marketplace practices and consumer protection laws provide. In March 1997, the OECD Committee on Consumer Policy, along with the OECD Committee on Information, Computer and Communications Policy convened an international gathering of information technology policy experts, consumer advocates, business and government representatives. This report, based on this diverse gathering, examines ways to protect and empower consumers to make informed choices in this expanding global online marketplace.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264163461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.28
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; États-Unis 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : États-Unis 1998
    Keywords: Development ; United States
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1998 review of the US development aid policies and programmes. It finds that after a period of declining support, the United States has in recent years worked to strengthen both political and public confidence in its foreign assistance programmes. USAID's new Strategic Plan, issued in September 1997, aims at clear results through its support of developing and transitional countries' efforts to achieve sustained economic and social progress and to share more fully in resolving global problems. An ambitious effort has been made to link the reform of aid management to clearer goals and stronger partnerships. Nevertheless, the volume of resources devoted by the United States to official development assistance has continued its downward trend. Measured as a percentage of GNP, the United States now provides the lowest amount, by far, of any Member of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC). At its triennial review of the United States' aid policies and programmes on 6 April 1998, the DAC welcomed the measures that have been taken and looked forward to the full impact of the reforms and initiatives that have been launched. After serious international concern over recent years about diminishing funding and staffing in the United States programme, there are welcome first indications of strengthening budgets for aid to developing countries, confirmed by President Clinton's recent commitment to seek to increase the budget for African aid to its historically high levels. It is important that the United States pursue pro-development policies on a broad range of issues. Thus, the review gives special attention to the work of USAID in the areas of democracy, participation, governance, dealing with conflict and disasters, as well as the Transition Initiative, set up to help the United States respond to the needs falling between relief and development. Trade policy is also highlighted, as are the United States' multilateral contributions, and its role in promoting gender equality.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264162174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Public Management Occasional Papers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux sous-traiter les services publics ; Principes directeurs et études de cas n 20
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux sous-traiter les services publics : Principes directeurs et études de cas n 20
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Contracting out government services is one of the principal market-type mechanisms applied in OECD Member countries. Its use is increasing in virtually all Member countries as the evidence mounts that contracting out can lead to efficiency gains while maintaining or increasing service quality levels. How can governments make the most of contracting out ? What lessons can be learned from past experiences ? This report presents the OECD Best Practice Guidelines for Contracting Out Government Services and accompanying case studies.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9264163220
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Sustainable management of water in agriculture
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1997 ; Landwirtschaft ; Wassernutzung ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Wasserreserve ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltgefährdung ; Wasserverschmutzung ; Gewässerschutz ; Bewässerungswirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wasserreserve ; Wassergüte
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264262416
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regional Development and Structural Policy in Mexico
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: Le Mexique est un pays aux facettes multiples. Du fait de leur diversité géographique, ethnique, de traditions culturelles et historiques spécifiques, chacun des territoires qui composent cette fédération appelle une politique de développement adaptée. Dans le même temps, l'évolution des structures politiques vers une plus grande décentralisation va modifier les équilibres économiques politiques et sociaux. Le Mexique est confronté à deux défis majeurs : comment maintenir la cohérence de l'action publique tout en exprimant une forte volonté de décentralisation ? Comment concilier développement des territoires et développement national tout en jouant pleinement la carte de l'intégration dans l'économie mondiale ? Cette étude permet de mieux cerner ces enjeux et d'éclairer ainsi, dans le domaine de la politique régionale, les choix politiques de la prochaine décennie. De nombreux tableaux, cartes et graphiques étayent ces analyses.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264162495
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La fiscalité relative à la mondialisation des opérations financières sur les instruments financiers
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Technological change and financial deregulation have dramatically globalised financial markets. Financial firms have developed innovative financial instruments, such as swaps and derivatives, to meet the often different global demand of investors and borrowers and have organised themselves to sell such global financial products 24 hours a day. This phenomenon of global trading challenges tax payers and tax administrations to come up with a fair way of allocating and taxing the profits in each country where global trading is carried on. This publication thoroughly reviews the factual background to global trading, analyses the challenges posed to traditional taxation methods and discusses a range of policy options to tackle the problems. Although the paper discusses a specific industry sector, many of the issues raised, for example the high level of global integration of functions and intensive co-operation between different geographic locations, are becoming more common in other industries with the spread of globalisation and the communications revolution.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9264162658
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Globalisation and the environment
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Weltwirtschaft ; Internationalisierung ; Umweltschutz
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264163069
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Institutional investors in the new financial landscape
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Institutioneller Anleger ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264162969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Corée 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Corée 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: In the last 40 years, educational provision in Korea has grown at a rate unprecedented among OECD countries. Modern systems of education and training have been created, and rates of expansion have kept pace with demand for elementary, secondary, university and other forms of tertiary education. Despite these impressive gains, the Korean education system needs improvements to respond positively and creatively to the challenges of globalisation, the electronic revolution and the advent of society based on knowledge and information. This review covers the entire education and training system, including vocational and tertiary education. It assesses the main directions of the reform proposals put forward by the Presidential Commission on Educational Reform in May 1995. It makes recommendations for improvements in such key areas as: access to education and training opportunities within the context of lifelong learning; quality of learning to foster creativity at all levels; improving the inner dynamics of the education and training system to provide a reformed, decentralised system; and the knowledge and information base for the effective performance of the education and training system.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264262553
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.24
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Netherlands 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Les Pays-Bas sont depuis longtemps parmi les bailleurs de fonds les plus performants, aussi bien par le volume de leur aide publique au développement (APD) que par le soin avec lequel elle a été utilisée et la constante recherche d'une plus grande efficacité. Lors de l'examen triennal de la politique et du programme d'aide des Pays-Bas auquel il a procédé, le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) s'est tout particulièrement intéressé à la réorganisation ambitieuse, voire téméraire, entreprise en 1996 par les Pays-Bas dans leur dispositif de coopération pour le développement. Cette refonte porte aussi bien sur le processus budgétaire que sur la structure des postes au ministère des Affaires étrangères et dans les ambassades auprès des pays bénéficiaires. Le CAD a également apprécié l'intention des Pays-Bas de concentrer leur action sur l'éradication de la pauvreté par le développement économique et social. L'effort d'APD des Pays-Bas, qui avait fléchi entre 1986 et 1994 en pourcentage du PNB, s'est renforcé entre 1994 et 1996. En 1996, les Pays-Bas se sont classés au quatrième rang des Membres du CAD par leur rapport APD/PNB et au cinquième par le volume absolu de leur aide. Le Comité a félicité les Pays-Bas pour ces résultats et exprimé l'espoir de voir se poursuivre le travail de sensibilisation et d'information du public, grâce auquel l'aide recueille déjà un large soutien dans l'opinion publique néerlandaise. Les examens en matière de coopération pour le développement programmés pour 1998 porteront sur les Membres du CAD suivants : Canada, Espagne, Etats-Unis, Allemagne, Communauté européenne, Finlande et Luxembourg.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163379
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Investment Guides
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Kyrgyzstan
    Abstract: Since 1991, the Kyrgyz Republic has made significant progress in offering an attractive environment to foreign investors. It has a stable political environment, low inflation, recent and projected growth rates of at least 6 per cent per annum, and has made significant improvements in the legal regime regulating foreign investment. The Republic had initially no foreign investments in 1991 but by the end of 1997 these approached $250 million. Substantial further investment is expected in mining, energy production, agri-business, light industry and tourism in the future. The Investment Guide for the Kyrgyz Republic has been prepared with three objectives: firstly, to identify the opportunities which are likely to interest foreign investors; secondly, to provide the investor with relevant information on the historical, political, economic, financial and legal framework, and thirdly to draw attention to areas of policy and legislation where additional measures will further increase its comparative advantages as an investment location.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264263635
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Italy 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Italy
    Abstract: Le système éducatif italien est engagé dans une grande réforme dont l'objet est d'améliorer et d'intégrer l'acquisition des connaissances à l'école, à l'université et dans les organisations régionales de formation afin de répondre aux exigences d'une société et d'une économie en constante mutation en matière de savoir, de qualifications et de diplômes. Les changements radicaux qui se dessinent comprendront la décentralisation des attributions administratives et une autonomie plus grande des écoles. Ils devraient permettre aux acteurs de terrain de s'adapter avec plus de souplesse à la diversité des besoins individuels et locaux comme à ceux des entreprises, tout en rendant plus efficace l'utilisation des fonds et des technologies disponibles. L'un des volets essentiels de la réforme sera aussi d'encourager les processus d'évaluation ainsi qu'une responsabilisation accrue dans tout le système. Les examinateurs de l'OCDE approuvent les objectifs de cette réforme et suggèrent un certain nombre de stratégies pour étayer leur réalisation. Il est nécessaire, soulignent-ils, que l'ensemble de la société adhère à ces objectifs et que toutes les parties prenantes se mobilisent pour accomplir les vastes transformations prévues.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163119
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: In Russia, there has been a severe lack of financing for environmental projects in recent years. Traditional sources of financing, such as government budgets, lack resources in this time of crisis, while new sources have yet to develop their potential. How can Russia finance the projects and programmes to tackle its most serious environmental problems? This volume brings together papers from an OECD workshop that assessed the challenges and opportunities of environmental financing in Russia today. Its case studies focus on the regional and local levels of government, which have taken over the main work of implementing environmental policy in Russia today. The book also looks at the water sector, which has traditionally required large public investments. The papers examine how current financial mechanisms can be used more effectively and consider opportunities for new sources of financing in Russia's current transition to a market economy. Furthermore, they point to key areas for reforming Russia's environmental policy framework.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163157
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: As border barriers to international trade and investment continue to be reduced thanks to liberalisation efforts, "behind-the-border" barriers -- which are typically regulations aiming at achieving domestic objectives such as health, safety, environmental or consumer protection -- are increasingly recognised as impeding trade and competition. The OECD project on regulatory reform has undertaken to tackle these new trade problems. This Workshop is aimed at expanding the horizon to dynamic economies outside the OECD area, particularly those in Asia and Latin America. What are the regulatory reform challenges for those economies, and how can they remain competitive in a global economy? How effectively can international mechanisms help them? The discussion revealed that regulatory reform has undoubtedly become a truly "global issue". This proceedings volume examines the role regulatory failures played in Asia's economic crisis, looks at regional trade groupings such as Mercosur and sheds light on the current international debate on food regulation as well as on the latest developments concerning the Information Technology Agreeement (ITA).
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stimuler l'esprit d'entreprise
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: What is "entrepreneurship"? It is much more than the competition and risk taking of starting your own business. Enterprises create jobs and wealth. Without the dynamism they bring to the economy, the challenges of globalisation and structural change would be all but insurmountable. Fostering entrepreneurship means channelling entrepreneurial drive into a dynamic process which takes advantage of all the opportunities the economy can provide. This book analyses the factors that favour entrepreneurship and the obstacles that hinder it. It is the first to provide an international synthesis of entrepreneurship policies undertaken in countries as diverse as Australia, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United States. Despite varying degrees of entrepreneurship from one country to another, international comparisons show that success comes from a synergy between a conducive institutional environment, well-designed government programmes and supportive cultural factors. To flourish, entrepreneurship requires efficient financial markets, a flexible labour market, a simpler and more transparent corporate taxation system and bankruptcy rules better adapted to the realities of the business world. This book examines experiences in all of these fields, as well as addressing the increasingly important roles played by local and regional authorities, the contribution of entrepreneurship in the non-profit sector, and the emergence of entrepreneurship in transition economies. Clearly, the right balance between these factors is not easy to strike. But strike it we must, because fostering entrepreneurship is not only a major economic imperative but also an urgent challenge that must be met to reconcile the goals of economic growth and social cohesion. This book is the most recent in a series on the OECD Jobs Strategy and an integral part of this international organisation’s broader mission to develop public policies to help OECD economies adapt to structural change and globalisation. This publication was prepared under the supervision of the OECD’s Territorial Development Service.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: In the current era of globalisation, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are recognised as major players in innovation and job creation. Furthermore, entrepreneurship is no longer a male preserve: although few women can be found at the head of large companies, an increasing number are taking up the challenge of creating and managing their own businesses. This conference proceedings explores the phenomenon of women entrepreneurs in small and medium entreprises, examining such issues as governmental support, networks, doing business overseas, starting businesses, and financing.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162655
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Globalisation is binding countries into closer economic -- and environmental -- interdependence through intensified trade and investment linkages and rapid advances in technology. It is also changing the context of environmental management at national, regional and global levels and is creating new challenges to, and opportunities for, the public and private sectors in the transition to sustainable development. This volume presents papers on these subjects by leading experts from OECD Member countries, Asia and Latin America. The papers were presented at the OECD Workshop on Globalisation and the Environment: New Challenges to the Public and Private Sectors.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789264162631
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: Particle accelerators have evolved over the last 50 years from simple devices to powerful machines, and will continue to have an important impact on research, technology and lifestyle. Today, they cover a wide range of applications, from television and computer displays in households to the investigation of the origin and structure of matter. It has become common practice to use them for material science and medical applications. In recent years, requirements from new technological and research applications have emerged, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems. These proceedings review recent progress in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities, evaluate advancements and discuss further developments needed with respect to international co-operation in this field.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264162327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This publication provides a detailed description of the sources and methods used by OECD member countries in calculating the monetary aggregates, credit and other measures of domestic finance presented in Main Economic Indicators.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264263536
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. 21st Century Technologies; Promises and Perils of a Dynamic Future
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. 21st Century Technologies: Promises and Perils of a Dynamic Future
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Les décennies à venir sont porteuses de progrès remarquables dans de nombreuses technologies à vocation universelle. Notre façon de vivre, de travailler, ainsi que nos loisirs devraient en être profondément remodelés. Les technologies vont révolutionner la médecine, l'agriculture, les voyages, le commerce de détail... des bouleversements qui toucheront le coeur même de notre vie quotidienne. Si elle utilise ces technologies à bon escient, l'humanité pourra retirer des bienfaits immenses. Dans le cas contraire, ce seront autant d'opportunités manquées et de risques inutiles. L'enjeu est donc de taille pour la société. Quel coût cela entraînerait-il, si nous rations le coche du changement dynamique ? Quels problèmes éthiques les nouvelles avancées du génie génétique vont-elles poser ? La diffusion des nouvelles technologies créera-t-elle de nouvelles divisions sociales ? Quels types de sociétés seront les mieux armés pour exploiter ce vaste potentiel ? Quelle voie la coopération internationale doit-elle suivre pour tirer le plus grand profit des retombées de la technologie ? Cette étude passe en revue les promesses extraordinaires qu'annoncent les vingt prochaines années. Elle prend la mesure de questions essentielles -- économiques, sociales, environnementales ou éthiques -- auxquelles les décideurs du secteur public, du secteur des entreprises et de la société devront faire face pour écarter les incertitudes de la technologie et transformer ses promesses en réalités.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264262331
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Main Economic Indicators - Sources and Methods; Labour and Wage Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Main Economic Indicators - Sources and Methods: Labour and Wage Statistics
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage fournit une description détaillée des sources et méthodes utilisées par les pays de l’OCDE pour rassembler les indicateurs publiés sur la main-d’œuvre et les salaires figurant dans les Principaux indicateurs économiques.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789264262515
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Safety Research Needs for Russian-Designed Reactors
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: L'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire collabore avec les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale et les nouveaux États indépendants de l'ex-Union soviétique à la planification et l'exécution des programmes de recherche sur la sûreté qui permettront à ces pays d'acquérir le savoir-faire et les compétences spécifiques à leurs filières de centrales nucléaires. Dans ce rapport, d'éminents spécialistes de la sûreté russes et occidentaux dressent un bilan des recherches nécessaires pour améliorer la sûreté des réacteurs de conception russe. Sont répertoriés, d'une part, les sujets de recherche importants à traiter en priorité et, de l'autre, les domaines les plus susceptibles de bénéficier d'une collaboration entre l'Est et l'Ouest.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264262669
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards Sustainable Consumption Patterns; A Progress Report on Member Country Initiatives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards Sustainable Consumption Patterns: A Progress Report on Member Country Initiatives
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264162686
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'avenir de l'Asie dans l'économie mondiale
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The future of Asia in the world economy
    RVK:
    Keywords: 23.06.1997 ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Asien ; Development ; Konferenzschrift 1997 ; Asien ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Weltwirtschaft
    Abstract: Based on scenarios produced by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the OECD Development Centre, the authors consider ways in which long-term Asian growth can be consolidated to the benefit of the global economy as a whole. Looking beyond current economic difficulties, Asian countries have strong growth prospects, assuming they pay due attention to domestic institutional strengthening, investment in human capital and the conservation of environmental capital. This volume was produced as a product of the third "International Forum on Asian Perspectives", organised annually by the ADB and the OECD Development Centre. The purpose of the Forum is to encourage interchange of ideas between Asian and European specialists on questions of economic importance to the two regions.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264262881
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating Distressed Urban Areas
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Les quartiers en difficulté lancent au coeur même de nos villes un défi sans précédent à la cohésion de nos sociétés. Ces quartiers n'ont pas une cause unique, ils sont plutôt le résultat d'une combinaison inédite de facteurs à la fois environnementaux, économiques, sociaux et culturels, qui se cristallisent dans une dimension spatiale précise, dans certains centres villes et banlieues. Les politiques traditionnelles n'ont pas réussi à enrayer la spirale descendante qui affecte ces quartiers parce qu'elles étaient incapables d'appréhender la nature à la fois complexe et locale du problème. L'ambition de cette étude est de décrire ce phénomène, à travers l'analyse des politiques menées dans les pays de l'OCDE, afin de proposer des politiques mieux adaptées aux problèmes qu'elles combattent. Comment attirer l'investissement, créer des emplois, reconstruire des bases économiques et sociales saines et,, plus généralement, lutter contre l'exclusion dont sont victimes les quartiers en difficulté ? Les différents niveaux de gouvernement, la société civile et le secteur privé ont leur rôle à jouer. Il est urgent de mettre en place sans attendre des politiques intégrées, fondées sur la réhabiliation de la dimension locale et le partenariat de tous les acteurs concernés.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264262874
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance; Improving Competitiveness and Access to Capital in Global Markets; A Report to the OECD by the Business Sector Advisory Group on Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance: Improving Competitiveness and Access to Capital in Global Markets: A Report to the OECD by the Business Sector Advisory Group on Corporate Governance
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Du fait de son incidence sur la compétitivité des entreprises et sur leur capacité à accéder aux marchés financiers mondiaux, le gouvernement d'entreprise apporte une contribution de plus en plus importante au développement de l'entreprenariat, à la croissance économique et à l'emploi. Dans le rapport qu'il présente à l'OCDE, le Groupe consultatif du secteur privé sur le gouvernement d'entreprise insiste sur les rôles que les secteurs public et privé sont appelés à jouer. L'organisation du pouvoir dans l'entreprise doit avant tout rester le domaine réservé du secteur privé. Les pouvoirs publics0 ont néanmoins une responsabilité particulière et déterminante à exercer dans la mesure où il leur incombe de mettre en place un cadre réglementaire permettant aux investisseurs et aux entreprises d'adapter leurs pratiques en matière de gouvernement d'entreprise à un environnement qui évolue rapidement. Il n'existe pas, en matière de gouvernement d'entreprise, une structure idéale fixée une fois pour toutes qui puisse servir de modèle à tous les pays et à toutes les entreprises : il faut au contraire encourager et favoriser l'expérimentation et la diversité dans le cadre de réglementations mettant l'accent sur les notions de loyauté, de transparence, de contrôle et de responsabilité. Dans cette optique, le Groupe consultatif présente des orientations qui selon lui devraient inspirer les stratégies mises en oeuvre par les pouvoirs publics, propose des domaines dans lesquels le secteur privé pourrait entreprendre spontanément des actions, et enfin énonce des recommandations relatives aux travaux que l'OCDE pourrait mener à l'avenir afin de contribuer à l'élaboration d'un ensemble de principes communs destinés à guider les examens et les réformes des politiques nationales dans le domaine du gouvernement d'entreprise.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264263406
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biotechnology for Clean Industrial Products and Processes; Towards Industrial Sustainability
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biotechnology for Clean Industrial Products and Processes: Towards Industrial Sustainability
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Si les applications de la biotechnologie ont plusieurs décennies durant surtout concerné la santé et l'agro-alimentaire, la biotechnologie industrielle prend aujourd'hui de l'importance à l'heure où le développement industriel durable est devenu une préoccupation à l'échelle mondiale. En effet, pour assurer un développement durable et la mise en oeuvre de procédés industriels « propres », il faudra toute une série d'innovations scientifiques et technologiques, parmi lesquelles la biotechnologie aura un rôle important à jouer. Ce rapport montre le rôle croissant des procédés biotechnologiques modernes dans les processus industriels. Il met en relief leurs avantages économiques et environnementaux par rapport à d'autres technologies, attire l'attention sur des goulets d'étranglement techniques ou autres, et souligne la nécessité d'une action concertée de l'industrie et des gouvernements pour relever le défi du développement industriel durable.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Biotechnology for clean industrial products and processes
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264263017
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Séminaires du Centre de Développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Different Paths to a Market Economy; China and European Economies in Transition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Different Paths to a Market Economy: China and European Economies in Transition
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: L'analyse comparative de la transition dans les pays d'Europe centrale et en République populaire de Chine met en évidence des similitudes et des différences souvent assimilées, à tort, à des approches différentes du même problème. En fait, l'environnement propre à ces deux grandes régions (puisque la Chine, par sa taille, constitue à elle seule une région), tout comme leur situation interne, renvoient à des réalités d'une extrême complexité qui rendent le processus de transition également complexe. Cet ouvrage se compose de chapitres initialement conçus comme des documents distincts et préparés pour la Conférence conjointe du Centre de développement de l'OCDE, du CEPR et du CEPII à Budapest. Ils analysent et comparent le processus de transition dans les différents régimes de droit en question. Les auteurs examinent en particulier trois grands domaines d'intérêt commun : les finances publiques, le régime des échanges avec l'extérieur et l'intermédiation financière et un chapitre critique synthétise leurs conclusions à la fin de chaque partie. Leur analyse fait apparaître des différences, certes, mais aussi des similitudes, à partir desquelles il est possible de dégager des conclusions générales en matière de politique économique applicables à toutes les sociétés en transition.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Different paths to a market economy: China and european economies in transition
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264263482
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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