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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (53)
  • BSZ
  • English  (53)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (53)
  • Großbritannien
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (53)
  • BSZ
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Five Countries : Insights from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and United States (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264338395 , 9789264475915 , 9789264854055
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: IT-Sicherheit ; IT-Berufe ; Bildungspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As societies become increasingly digital, cyber security has become a priority for individuals, companies and nations. The number of cyber attacks is exceeding defence capabilities, and one reason for this is the lack of an adequately skilled cyber security workforce. This report analyses the demand for cyber security professionals in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States using information contained in online job postings. The analysis looks at recent trends in the demand for workers in different types of cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the changing skill requirements for professionals in this field. The report also looks at the supply side, zooming in on the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in England (United Kingdom). It describes the different types of programmes provided in further and higher education, the profile of learners in these programmes and their outcomes. Finally, the report also looks at policies and initiatives adopted in England to make cyber security education and training programmes more accessible and relevant. This report is part of a larger initiative examining the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fd44e6c-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financing transportation infrastructure through Land Value Capture : Concepts, tools, and case studies (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.27
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Steuerpolitik ; Grundsteuer ; Frankreich ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Großbritannien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: With tightening public finances, land value capture (LVC) can be an attractive fiscal tool to finance ever-increasing demands for transport infrastructure. This paper begins by discussing the principles of LVC and individual LVC instruments in the context of infrastructure provision, with a focus on the opportunities and challenges for LVC implementation. It then presents unique case studies of LVC use in France, Japan, Korea and the United Kingdom, highlighting how it was used to fund the construction of major subways and railways. Based on these case studies, the paper discusses some key insights, including how to use LVC together with expropriation, enacting enabling legal frameworks, and diversifying revenue streams. It also highlights some common considerations for successful implementation, most notably for eliciting public support, promoting transit-oriented development, and establishing fair and transparent rules for LVC.
    DOI: 10.1787/8015065d-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: United Kingdom 2022 (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264324855 , 9789264442795 , 9789264667211
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (119 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Royaume-Uni 2022 (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Großbritannien ; Energy ; Development ; Environment ; Governance ; United Kingdom ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: Over the past decade, the United Kingdom has reduced several environmental pressures while growing its economy. Ahead of its presidency of the 2021 UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties, it has led the way by raising its national ambition. However, air pollution, deteriorating natural assets and missed biodiversity targets are all concerns. Further efforts are needed to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, prepare for climate change, reverse biodiversity loss and ensure a more resource-efficient circular economy. Strengthening co‑ordination between the United Kingdom and devolved governments, as well as enhancing coherence between sectoral and environmental policies will be key. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of the United Kingdom. It evaluates progress towards green growth, with a special chapter focusing on waste, materials management and the circular economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/b6a2be87-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Services trade in the United Kingdom and the global economy (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.257
    Keywords: Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Handelseffekt ; Großbritannien ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Services play a more important role in trade and employment in the United Kingdom than in most other OECD countries. The UK services sector is supported by an open and transparent trade regime, policies that support competition and innovation, and regulatory transparency that facilitates the creation of new services businesses and start-ups. That said, certain barriers to services trade remain. This report sheds light on the role of services trade in the UK economy, describing recent trends and highlighting future challenges, and explores policy options to support a sustainable recovery from the COVID-19 crisis.
    DOI: 10.1787/b602b468-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phasing Out Unabated Coal : Current status and three case studies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264892149
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Keywords: Kohlepolitik ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Ontario (Provinz) ; Großbritannien ; Deutschland ; Energy ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Reducing global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to net zero by 2050 is necessary to limit the long‐term increase in average global temperatures to 1.5 °C. Today, coal-fired power generation is the largest single source of CO2 emissions. Therefore, tackling emissions from this sector is critical to achieving our goal. National governments, subnational jurisdictions, coalitions and many large corporations have announced coal phase-out pledges and net zero targets. Ahead of COP 26 in November 2021, Phasing Out Unabated Coal: Current Status and Three Case Studies gathers all known national commitments to eventually stop using unabated coal-fired power generation announced to date and assesses their impact in terms of reducing emissions. In addition, the report analyses three jurisdictions in detail to extract recommendation. First, an early example of coal phase-out commitment and execution from the Canadian province of Ontario. Second, the case of the United Kingdom, where the industrial revolution started but which was one of the first countries to decide to phase out coal. Finally, Germany, where phasing out is particularly complex because it is the largest coal-fired power generator among those committing to a phase-out and has thousands of jobs that rely on lignite mining. This paper acknowledges that each country must tailor its approach based on its own specific circumstances, but that nonetheless there are instructive experiences from other jurisdictions undertaking similar measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/d6c4a08d-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on job and skills demand using online job vacancy data (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Arbeitsnachfrage ; Anforderungsprofil ; Qualifikation ; Personalbeschaffung ; Coronavirus ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This policy brief uses online job vacancy postings as a partial indicator of the impact of COVID-19 on skills demand in five OECD countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States) between January and November 2020. The pandemic, as well as containment and mitigation measures designed to halt its spread, had a large but heterogeneous impact on the demand for skills. By early May, the total volume of online job vacancies had fallen by over 50% in all the countries analysed with respect to the beginning of the year, with even larger declines in some sectors. However, the demand for specific skills in the healthcare sector and in logistics increased. There is also evidence of an increase in vacancies involving remote-working arrangements. The brief also shows that the crisis affected differently individuals with different levels of educational qualifications and that such effect differed across the countries analysed.
    DOI: 10.1787/20fff09e-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scaling up Nature-based Solutions to Tackle Water-related Climate Risks : Insights from Mexico and the United Kingdom (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264966697 , 9789264620148 , 9789264715004
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Überschwemmung ; Klimapolitik ; Mexiko ; Großbritannien ; Environment ; Mexico ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report provides an assessment of the use of, and recommendations for scaling up, Nature-based Solutions to address water-related climate risks. The analysis is based on two country case studies carried out in Mexico and the United Kingdom. On the basis of a previously developed policy evaluation framework, the analysis identifies existing challenges as well as highlights emerging good practices with regard to policy design and implementation, governance, regulatory mechanisms, and technical and financial arrangements. The report’s findings support policy makers and practitioners in strengthening the use of Nature-based Solutions to tackle climate risks, with a special focus on water-related risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/736638c8-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indicators of teenage career readiness : An analysis of longitudinal data from eight countries (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (177 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.258
    Keywords: Jugendliche ; Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; Australien ; Kanada ; China ; Deutschland ; Südkorea ; Großbritannien ; Uruguay ; USA ; Education
    Abstract: The aim of the OECD Career Readiness project is to identify patterns of teenage attitudes and activities that are associated with better transitions into employment by analysing multiple national longitudinal datasets. This paper looks for further evidence of the link between teenage activities, experiences and career-related thinking and adult career outcomes by analysing 10 new datasets from eight countries. Overall, the results of this paper find further evidence that secondary school students who explore, experience and think about their futures in work frequently encounter lower levels of unemployment, receive higher wages and are happier in their careers as adults. The findings of this paper are analysed together with the evidence from the two previous working papers of the Career Readiness project, concluding that there is international evidence to support 11 out of the 14 potential indicators that were explored as indicators of career readiness.
    DOI: 10.1787/cec854f8-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: United Kingdom 2020 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264885646 , 9789264328891 , 9789264820647
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Großbritannien ; Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts reviews of the individual development co‑operation efforts of DAC members once every five to six years. DAC peer reviews critically examine the overall performance of a given member, not just that of its development co‑operation agency, covering its policy, programmes and systems. They take an integrated, system‑wide perspective on the development co‑operation activities of the member under review and its approach to fragility, crisis and humanitarian assistance. The United Kingdom uses its global standing and convening power to promote an evidence-based approach to stability, inclusion and prosperity and continues to provide 0.7% of its national income as Official Development Assistance (ODA). The depth and breadth of its expertise, combined with flexible funding instruments and strong country presence, allow the United Kingdom to focus these ODA resources on developing country needs, while protecting its own longer-term national interests. Articulating a clear and comprehensive whole-of-government vision for its support to international development would allow the United Kingdom to reinforce its policy priorities and engage the public. Further measures to build effective partnerships and institutional capacity in developing countries would allow the United Kingdom to build ownership of development processes and contribute to lasting change.
    DOI: 10.1787/43b42243-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing Productivity in UK Core Cities : Connecting Local and Regional Growth (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264553545 , 9789264555495 , 9789264882140
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Urban Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing productivity in UK Core Cities
    Keywords: Produktivität ; Großstadt ; Ballungsraum ; Stadtwachstum ; Regionales Wachstum ; Großbritannien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Großstadt ; Ballungsraum ; Stadtentwicklung ; Regionales Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Core Cities is an association of eleven cities in the UK: Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham, and Sheffield. Altogether, Core Cities and their surrounding regions account for around one quarter of the UK population and economy. Given their size and assets, Core Cities have the potential to boost national growth. However, unlike second-tier cities in most other large OECD countries, Core Cities have low levels of productivity by national and international standards. With the right policies and sufficient investment in public transport, housing, skills and other key policy areas, Core Cities could become centres of economic activity that pull their regions and the entire UK to higher productivity levels. This report unpacks the causes of low productivity in UK Core Cities and offers policy recommendations for the local and national level to achieve higher productivity and more inclusive growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9ef55ff7-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Raising the basic skills of workers in England, United Kingdom (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264383715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Raising the basic skills of workers in England, United Kingdom
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte ; Großbritannien ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report provides examples and recommendations to help overcome obstacles to engage low-skilled workers and their employers in skills development. England has implemented impressive measures aimed at helping workers and employers to upskill. Nonetheless, there remains room for improvement. More can be done to identify workers with low basic skills, raise awareness of why improving those skills is important, increase the accessibility to relevant courses, ensure these courses are flexible enough to accommodate adult learners who are already employed, and finally make the provision relevant to career aspirations. This report urges England to establish and promote a vision for raising the skills of low-skilled workers, identify their needs more systematically, and provide targeted guidance and information to them and their employers. It highlights that accessible and flexible adult learning opportunities in the workplace, home, community and by other means such as online and distance learning can better meet the varied needs of low-skilled workers. It also makes the case for the use of contextualised learning approaches, which create connections between basic skills and vocational context, and a more effective use of basic skills in workplaces to maintain, develop and realise the benefits of prior skills investments.
    DOI: 10.1787/4ff42de8-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Future of Regional Development and Public Investment in Wales, United Kingdom (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264540309 , 9789264348776 , 9789264939912
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The future of regional development and public investment in Wales, United Kingdom
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Öffentliche Investition ; Wales ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Wales ; Regionalwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: The Welsh Government has set an ambitious and innovative path for regional development and public investment – one focused on generating growth and increasing productivity, while also reducing territorial disparities and ensuring the well-being of citizens, now and in the future. Yet, it faces significant challenges, accentuated by limited fiscal decentralisation and changes to public investment financing post-Brexit. This OECD Multi-level Governance Studies report provides the Welsh Government and Welsh local authorities with analysis and recommendations on how to achieve regional development and public investment aims. The report offers insight into how the Welsh Government and Welsh local authorities can increase their fiscal and public investment capacity, and strengthen their governance practices. It stresses that the Welsh Government’s ability to coordinate regional development policy and associated public investment is a determining factor in meeting growth and well-being objectives. This report also proposes a variety of mechanisms to strengthen policy and service delivery at the local level. A case study featuring the challenges and benefits of establishing economic regions in Mid and South West Wales sheds a practical light on the various aspects explored throughout the report.
    DOI: 10.1787/e6f5201d-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Review of International Regulatory Co-operation of the United Kingdom (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264566606 , 9789264888319 , 9789264628359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Review of international regulatory co-operation of the United Kindom
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Großbritannien ; Governance ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Internationale Kooperation ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Regulierung
    Abstract: International regulatory co-operation (IRC) provides an opportunity for countries to consider the impacts of their regulations beyond their borders, to expand the evidence for decision-making, to learn from the experience of their peers and to develop concerted approaches to challenges that transcend borders. This review documents the context of IRC policies and practices in the United Kingdom. It covers both the UK’s unilateral efforts to embed international considerations in domestic rulemaking and its bilateral, regional and multilateral co-operative efforts on regulatory matters. In addition, the review provides a snapshot of IRC in practice in the United Kingdom with four case studies on financial services, nuclear energy, medical and healthcare products and product safety. At a time when IRC is an increasingly essential, yet largely untapped, tool for addressing transboundary policy challenges, this review offers valuable lessons to countries within the OECD and beyond.
    DOI: 10.1787/09be52f0-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, United Kingdom (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264980570
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: United Kingdom (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Großbritannien ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; United Kingdom ; G-20-Staaten ; Großbritannien ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the United Kingdom, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
    DOI: 10.1787/33e2bf3d-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Responding to Rising Seas : OECD Country Approaches to Tackling Coastal Risks (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312487 , 9789264570986 , 9789264489790
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hausse du niveau des mers : Les approches des pays de l'OCDE face aux risques côtiers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Responding to rising seas
    Keywords: Küstenschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Deutschland ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Küstenschutz
    Abstract: There is an urgent need to ensure that coastal areas are adapting to the impacts of climate change. Risks in these areas are projected to increase because of rising sea levels and development pressures. This report reviews how OECD countries can use their national adaptation planning processes to respond to this challenge. Specifically, the report examines how countries approach shared costs and responsibilities for coastal risk management and how this encourages or hinders risk-reduction behaviour by households, businesses and different levels of government. The report outlines policy tools that national governments can use to encourage an efficient, effective and equitable response to ongoing coastal change. It is informed by new analysis on the future costs of sea-level rise, and the main findings from four case studies (Canada, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312487-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Economic Survey of the United States: Key Research Findings (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310278
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD economic survey of the United States
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Großbritannien ; Development ; Economics ; United States ; USA ; Wirtschaftliche Lage ; Wirtschaftliche Stabilität
    Abstract: This volume collects four studies that were prepared as background research to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the United States. Using micro-data survey responses, regional and sectorial data, these studies seek to provide insights into how employment responds to labour market disruption and the drivers of household financial vulnerability in the United States. This volume represents a collaborative effort by a team of OECD and academic researchers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310278-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving productivity and job quality of low-skilled workers in the United Kingdom (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1457
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Soziale Mobilität ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: More than a quarter of adults in the United Kingdom have low basic skills, which has a negative impact on career prospects, job quality and productivity growth. Furthermore, unlike most other countries, young adults do not have stronger basic skills than the generation approaching retirement. The lack of skills development starts at young ages and continues in secondary education; despite a modest reduction in recent years, the educational attainment gap between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged students remains high. The low participation in lifelong learning of low-skilled individuals puts them at risk of falling behind in meeting the changing skill demands of the dynamic labour market. Ongoing reforms to the vocational education and training (VET) system and apprenticeship system should have a positive impact on low-skilled productivity, enabling students to gain the necessary basic skills and for workers to find quality jobs. Improving the targeting of active labour market policies, and ensuring that the ongoing increases in the national living wage are delivered in a sustainable way will also play an important role in improving job quality and reducing the high rate of youth neither employed or in education or training. Policy responses to the rise of non-standard work will also be essential in improving the job quality of the low-skilled.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/14dfd584-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 18
    Online Resource
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    The UK productivity puzzle through the magnifying glass : a sectoral perspective (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1496
    Keywords: Arbeitsproduktivität ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Großbritannien ; Education ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Since the start of the Great Recession, labour productivity growth has been weak in the United Kingdom, weaker than in many other OECD countries. The productivity shortfall, defined as the gap between actual productivity and the level implied by its pre-crisis trend growth rate, was nearly 20% for output per hour at the end of 2016. This study assesses the UK productivity puzzle and discusses its possible determinants at the sectoral level. Most of the UK productivity underperformance is structural rather than cyclical. Half of the productivity shortfall is explained by non-financial services (with information and communication being the largest contributor), a fourth by financial services, and another fourth by manufacturing, other production and construction. All but non-financial services and the construction sectors contribute disproportionately to the productivity shortfall compared to their shares in overall output and hours worked of the UK economy. In non-financial services, large increases in self-employed with no employees, reduced matching of skills to jobs and a lower capital-output ratio may have been a drag on productivity. Stagnant productivity in the financial sector is mainly linked to reduced risk-taking and leverage, as reflected by declining total factor productivity following its steep increases in the run-up to the crisis. Greater substitution of labour for capital and weak corporate restructuring have both held back productivity improvements in the manufacturing sector. Some causes of the productivity puzzle pre-date the crisis, including low tangible investment, too rapid expansion of financial services, weak innovation in the manufacturing sector, and a secular decline of oil and gas industries. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the United-Kingdom (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-united-kingdom.htm).
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/e704ee28-en
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  • 19
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    Sectoral and regional distribution of export shocks : what do two hundred thousand UK firm oservations say? (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1501
    Keywords: Export ; Schock ; Wirtschaftsstruktur ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Lohn ; Großbritannien ; EU-Staaten ; Education ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study explores the impact of export shocks on firms and re-aggregates results to derive distributional effects on sectors and regions. In a first step, firm level data are used to assess the empirical relationship between exports and three outcome variables – labour productivity, employment and wages. In a second step, an illustrative set of changes in trading relationships generate sectoral export shocks, which are simulated with the OECD METRO model of trade and subsequently fed into micro-level estimates. The method developed in this study can be applied to other countries, conditional on the availability of data. As an initial case study, the analysis is for the United Kingdom which has weak regional productivity outside London, partly related to sectoral and trade specialisation. In particular, the most productive regions are specialised in knowledge-intensive services and are more intensive in tradable services. The results suggest limited impacts of export shocks on sectoral employment, except for car and truck manufacturing, consistent with a high integration of the sector with European value chains. Labour productivity and wages are negatively affected across most sectors, but the effects are smaller on the services sector relative to the goods sector. Given that services activities are concentrated in more productive regions, these regions are more resilient to shocks. The United Kingdom has a strong comparative advantage in services sectors and promoting the opening of global services markets would be an important way to offset potential negative impacts of export shocks on the other sectors of the economy.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/e5f21088-en
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  • 20
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    Subnational Public-Private Partnerships : Meeting Infrastructure Challenges (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264304864 , 9789264308701 , 9789264308718
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Subnational public-private partnerships
    Keywords: Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Regionalentwicklung ; Kommunale Investition ; Großbritannien ; Frankreich ; Virginia ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This report focuses on the challenges of governing infrastructure investment and public-private partnerships (PPPs) at the subnational level. Subnational governments – cities and regions – play a vital role in the infrastructure landscape. Infrastructure needs in energy, transport, water and telecommunications are substantial, estimated at USD 6.3 trillion per year between 2016 and 2030. In a tight fiscal environment, it is critical to diversify sources of financing for infrastructure investment and PPPs represent an alternative to traditional government procurement with the potential to improve value for money. However, PPPs are complex and sometimes risky arrangements that require capacity that is not always readily available in government, in particular at the subnational level. This report examines the challenges of using PPPs at the subnational level and ways to address them. It does so by focusing on three case studies: subnational PPPs in France, local Private Finance Initiative (PFI) projects in the United Kingdom, and PPPs in Virginia (United States).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264304864-en
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  • 21
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    Reducing regional disparities in productivity in the United Kingdom (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1456
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Dezentralisierung ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The United Kingdom displays large regional disparities in productivity compared to most other OECD countries, with a large gap between London and most other regions. This holds back aggregate productivity and growth, and contributes to regional differences in living standards. To make the lagging regions more attractive to companies and workers, transport links between and within cities should be improved by increasing infrastructure investment outside London. Another policy priority is to improve the local business environment through more spending on innovation and increased support for investment and skills. Also, local authorities should have more freedom in setting education and training goals and the land-use planning system has to be more responsive to meet housing needs in cities. The role of subnational government is sub-par relative to the OECD average, but more devolution has recently been introduced in several city-regions. Such efforts towards more decentralization need to continue to cover larger parts of the country and involve greater transfers of powers and responsibilities at the local level.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/54293958-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 22
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: United Kingdom 2018 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264306189
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: United Kingdom 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Großbritannien ; Taxation ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of United Kingdom.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264306189-en
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  • 23
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    Policy use of well-being metrics : describing countries’ experiences (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 7
    Keywords: Lebensqualität ; Messung ; Politik ; Ecuador ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Neuseeland ; Schottland ; Schweden ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The last decade has seen major advances in the measurement of well-being in national statistics – but what are governments doing to incorporate these metrics and frameworks into policy decision making? This paper describes the progress made in many countries on measuring well-being at a national level, and the mechanisms being developed to mainstream both concepts and evidence on well-being into policy settings. In all cases, countries are adopting a multidimensional approach to the measurement of well-being, and several initiatives have been informed by extensive public consultation processes. For seven countries, detailed case studies in the Annex describe the development and implementation of policy mechanisms for integrating well-being evidence: Ecuador, France, Italy, New Zealand, Scotland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The paper finds that well-being evidence is applied at several different stages of the policy cycle, from strategic analysis and prioritization to evaluations of policy interventions. In most cases these initiatives are only a few years old, and institutional support will be vital for the durability of these mechanisms over time and through different political cycles.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/d98eb8ed-en
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  • 24
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    Flexibility and Proportionality in Corporate Governance (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307490 , 9789264309623 , 9789264309616
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Flexibility and proportionality in corporate governance
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; OECD-Staaten ; Großbritannien ; Schweden ; Italien ; Japan ; USA ; Portugal ; Governance ; Management
    Abstract: The quality of corporate governance regulations matters. If they are well designed, they can help governments achieve important policy objectives, such as higher levels of investment, increased productivity and better business sector dynamics. But for this to happen, the rules and regulations must be allowed to evolve over time. They must also be able to meet the many different needs of those entrepreneurs, investors and stakeholders who are supposed to implement them. This is why the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance state that policy makers have a responsibility to shape a regulatory framework that can meet the needs of corporations that operate under widely different circumstances. Importantly, this concept of flexibility and proportionality is not about less demanding rules or the acceptance of sub-standard practices. On the contrary, it represents a functional and outcome oriented approach to regulation that facilitates implementation and makes enforcement more effective. This OECD report presents the results of an OECD review on flexibility and proportionality practices in seven different areas of corporate governance regulation. The review covers 39 jurisdictions and six in-depth country case studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307490-en
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  • 25
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    Where to get the best bang for the buck in the United Kingdom? : industrial strategy, investment and lagging regions (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1426
    Keywords: Industriepolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Investition ; Kapitalintensität ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftliche Konvergenz ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The United Kingdom is preparing a modern industrial strategy to boost labour productivity across the whole country and to narrow regional gaps in living standards. This raises the question of the optimal allocation of scarce resources in meeting these targets. This study identifies industrial strengths of each region and scope to boost regional productivity through the channel of higher capital intensity. Overall regional investment ratios appear weakly linked to regional productivity, but the sectoral composition of regions and their type of investment are more important determinants. Each region has productivity leaders, but the concentration of such firms is the highest in the south of England. Differences in the representation of the most productive firms in regions are strongly related to differences in regional productivity. The empirical methodology quantifies the productivity effects of raising the capital intensity in each sector-region, focusing on viable firms falling behind the national productivity frontier in all but the finance and insurance sectors over 1995-2014. To enhance labour productivity of lagging regions, the industrial strategy should promote the catch up of firms with the national best performers in services sectors, in particular knowledge intensive services such as ICT and business services, but also wholesale and retail trade. This finding is consistent with the UK’s leading global position in high value-added services sectors. The type of investment matters: boosting research and development in the manufacturing sector in some lagging regions would also be effective in stimulating productivity. Manufacturing investment cannot be a substitute to investment in services given the small size of the manufacturing sector and its high exposure to competition from rapidly emerging global hubs. However, this study does not quantify the effects of skills, the benefits of greater industrial diversification and the positive impact that larger cities would have on agglomeration effects.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/2d01150c-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 26
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    Trading firms and trading costs in services : firm-level analysis (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 210
    Keywords: Dienstleistungshandel ; Wirtschaftsdaten ; Ausländische Tochtergesellschaft ; Regulierung ; Wettbewerb ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Belgien ; Finnland ; Deutschland ; Italien ; Japan ; Schweden ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report presents evidence on how services trade restrictions influence the decisions and performance of firms engaged in international markets, drawing on micro-data from Belgium, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It first describes the patterns of services exports and affiliate sales at the firm level, uncovering a number of stylised facts about the firms engaged in international trade in services, their choices of modes of supply and the links between services trade and manufacturing activities. The report then relates these outcomes to services trade policy barriers in destination markets as measured by the OECD STRI. It demonstrates that complex and restrictive regulatory environments limit the volume of services that firms are able to trade as well as the number of firms that engage with those markets. Hence services trade restrictions reflect not only ad valorem trade costs, but also fixed and sunk costs. Such barriers do not affect all firms equally. Restrictive services trade regulations disproportionately discourage SMEs. Size, productivity and previous exporting experience appear to be decisive factors in dealing with at-the-border and behind-the-border trade barriers. Finally, the cost of regulatory compliance is lower for foreign-owned firms with headquarters located in the export destination country and for firms that trade bundles of services and manufacturing products, than it is for pure services exporters.
    DOI: 10.1787/b1c1a0e9-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 27
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    United Kingdom: Country Health Profile 2017 (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing | Brussels : European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264283589
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Keywords: 2010-2015 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Großbritannien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This report looks at the state of health in United Kingdom.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264283589-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 28
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    Trade in Counterfeit Products and the UK Economy : Fake Goods, Real Losses (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264279063
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trade in counterfeit products and the UK economy
    Keywords: Produktpiraterie ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Großbritannien ; Governance ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The modern structure of the UK economy is largely based on knowledge, ideas and innovation and its well integrated global value chains. These factors help boost the country’s economic growth, but at the same time they make it highly susceptible to the risk of trade in counterfeit goods. This risk negatively affects UK rights holders, the UK government, and the reputation of UK firms. This report measures the direct, economic effects of counterfeiting on consumers, retail and manufacturing industry and governments in the United Kingdom. It does so from two perspectives: the impact on these three groups of imports of fake products into the UK, and the impact of the global trade in fake products on UK intellectual property rights holders.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264279063-en
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  • 29
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, United Kingdom (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264282674
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: United Kingdom (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Großbritannien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the United Kingdom, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264282674-en
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  • 30
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    Incentivising lending to SMEs with the funding for lending scheme : some evidence from bank-level data in the United Kingdom (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1365
    Keywords: SME ; Unternehmensfinanzierung ; Kredit ; Geldpolitik ; Geldpolitische Transmission ; Großbritannien ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study explores the effectiveness of the incentive mechanisms embedded within the UK’s Funding for Lending Scheme (FLS) for banks’ to expand their supply of lending to medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The FLS was announced by the Bank of England and HM Treasury in June 2012, with the aim of improving the supply of credit to the UK real economy. Despite the prevailing low level of risk-free interest rates, UK banks’ funding costs were elevated at the time of the Scheme's introduction, and the intention was to provide lenders with a stable source of lower-cost funding to support credit provision to the real economy. The Scheme’s design built in direct incentives for banks to support lending to the real economy, by linking both the price and quantity of funding available through the Scheme to their lending performance. This paper looks for evidence of the effectiveness of these incentives, exploiting a modification of the Scheme’s design for its extension in April 2013 to help identify changes in credit supply from credit demand. Specifically, the change sharpened incentives to lend to SMEs, relative to larger ones. This facilitates using a difference-in-difference approach, exploiting bank-level data on UK banking groups, to look for a direct impact of incentives on credit supply, considering larger companies as a control group. On the basis of the available dataset, it is not possible to identify that this change in the incentive structure of the FLS directly boosted loan growth to SMEs, relative to large firms, between the extension of the Scheme and the end of 2013. The results seem robust to using different metrics of credit supply. However, the dataset is unavoidably small, both in terms of number of lenders covered and the length of the period after the modification of the design. More generally, reductions in lenders’ market funding costs since the FLS’ introduction may have lessened banks’ incentives to use draw on the Scheme, and so the impact of incentives within it.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/a4352865-en
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  • 31
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    Business Dynamics and Productivity (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264269972 , 9789264269231 , 9789264297388
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Business dynamics and productivity
    Keywords: Unternehmenswachstum ; Unternehmensgründung ; Produktivität ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Belgien ; Brasilien ; Kanada ; Costa Rica ; Japan ; Neuseeland ; Norwegen ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Bericht ; Unternehmensentwicklung ; Produktivität
    Abstract: This publication focuses on business dynamics across eight countries (Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, United Kingdom) and over time, building upon the evidence collected in the framework of the OECD DynEmp project for 22 countries. It provides new evidence on firms’ heterogeneous responses to shocks (notably the recent financial crisis) in order to evaluate how policies and framework conditions across different firms and countries can foster both employment and productivity growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264269231-en
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  • 32
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    OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality: United Kingdom 2016 : Raising Standards (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264239487
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD reviews of health care quality: United Kingdom 2016
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Großbritannien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Gesundheitswesen ; Medizinische Versorgung
    Abstract: Health systems in the United Kingdom have, for many years, made the quality of care a highly visible priority, internationally pioneering many tools and policies to assure and improve the quality of care. A key challenge, however, is to understand why, despite being a global leader in quality monitoring and improvement, the United Kingdom does not consistently demonstrate strong performance on international benchmarks of quality. This report reviews the quality of health care in the England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, seeking to highlight best practices, and provides a series of targeted assessments and recommendations for further quality gains in health care. To secure continued quality gains, the four health systems will need to balance top-down approaches to quality management and bottom-up approaches to quality improvement; publish more quality and outcomes data disaggregated by country; and, establish a forum where the key officials and clinical leaders from the four health systems responsible for quality of care can meet on a regular basis to learn from each other’s innovations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264239487-en
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  • 33
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    Unemployment, temporary work and subjective wellbeing : gendered effect of spousal labour market insecurity in the United Kingdom (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2016, 04
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Befristete Beschäftigung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Sozialer Indikator ; Zufriedenheit ; Lebensgemeinschaft ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates the extent to which unemployment and temporary work – two forms of labour market insecurity – affect different aspects of subjective well-being (i.e. life satisfaction, psychological well-being and satisfaction with partnership) among legally married and cohabiting couples in the United Kingdom. Drawing on matched data for couples from the British Household Panel Study, the paper shows that both forms of labour market insecurity, when experienced by the male partner, lower significantly the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of the female partner; women’s temporary work also slightly lowers men’s psychological well-being. The impact of spousal labour market insecurity depends, however, on the employment status of the individual: after controlling for financial strain, psychological well-being and life-satisfaction of both partners in a couple are hampered the most when men are economically dependent on their female partners. In the case of partnership satisfaction, results differ from the other two subjective well-being outcomes: while unemployment of the female partner is associated with higher satisfaction for men, partnership satisfaction is particularly low when both partners experience either form of labour market insecurity. These effects are robust after controlling for fixed individual characteristics that can influence both employment status and well-being outcomes.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlz6qjsf36c-en
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  • 34
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    Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems : Bridging Health and Finance Perspectives (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264240353 , 9789264233386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fiscal sustainability of health systems
    RVK:
    QX 765
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitsfinanzierung ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Gesundheitswesen ; Finanzierung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Frankreich ; Großbritannien ; Niederlande
    Abstract: The health systems we enjoy today, and expected medical advances in the future, will be difficult to finance from public resources without major reforms. Public health spending in OECD countries has grown rapidly over most of the last half century. These spending increases have contributed to important progress in population health: for example, life expectancy at birth has increased, rising on average by ten years since 1970. The challenge now is to sustain and enhance these achievements in a context of tight fiscal constraints in many countries combined with upward pressure on health spending from factors such as new technological advances and demographic changes. Finding policies that can make health spending more sustainable without compromising important achievements in access and quality requires effective co-operation between health and finance ministries. Sound governance and co-ordination mechanisms are therefore essential to ensure effective policy choices. Prepared by both public finance and health experts, this report provides a unique detailed overview of institutional frameworks for financing health care in OECD countries. One of the main features of this book is a comprehensive mapping of budgeting practices and governance structure in health across OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264233386-en
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  • 35
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    Local economic strategies for ageing labour markets : the Life Skills project in Neath Port Talbot and Swansea, West Wales, UK (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (Leed) working papers 2015, 02
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2015/02
    Keywords: Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Swansea ; Wales ; Großbritannien ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper examines the local initiatives in Neath, Port Talbot and Swansea in South West Wales to re-integrate elderly economically inactive workers into the local labour market. The core initiative analysed is the Life Skills for Older People Project, which works with local and regional governments to provide customised education and training for job seekers and the long-term unemployed aged 50 or above. The analysis of the economic impact and the achievements of the project found that custom support and personal development were effective in empowering older workers to re-enter work in the private and voluntary sector. The role of South West Wales’ industrial past in shaping the education and skills profile of older workers is also examined.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrnwqk7889n-en
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  • 36
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    Connecting People with Jobs : Activation Policies in the United Kingdom (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264217188
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Series Statement: Connecting People with Jobs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Connecting people with jobs
    Keywords: Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report examines recent activation policies in the United Kingdom aimed at moving people back into work. It offers insight into how countries can improve the effectiveness of their employment services and also control spending on benefits. The United Kingdom's policies have helped limit the rise in unemployment during the crisis. It has been at the forefront of reform efforts by OECD countries to transform and modernise policies designed to help the unemployed find work, through major new programmes such as Universal Credit and the Work Programme. Although time is needed for these to gain momentum as well as for a full evaluation of their impact to be carried out, the report identifies a number of areas where consideration should be given to additional measures or adjustments to existing ones.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264217188-en
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    Mental Health and Work: United Kingdom (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264204997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Mental Health and Work
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mental health and work
    Keywords: Psychische Krankheit ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Berufstätigkeit ; Psychische Störung
    Abstract: Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on the United Kingdom is the sixth in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264204997-en
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  • 38
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: United Kingdom 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264226579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Großbritannien ; Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: This review of the development co-operation efforts of the United Kingdom examines its policies, performance and implementation. It takes an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264226579-en
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  • 39
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: United Kingdom 2011 : Combined: Phase 1 + Phase 2 (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264118164
    Language: English
    Edition: 2011
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    PP 8040
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Großbritannien ; Großbritannien ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuerrecht
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264118164-en
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  • 40
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: United Kingdom 2011 : Combined: Phase 1 + Phase 2 (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264118164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    PP 8040
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Großbritannien ; Taxation ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuerrecht
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264118164-en
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  • 41
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    OECD Rural Policy Reviews: England, United Kingdom 2011 (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264094444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD rural policy reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; England ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Regionalplanung ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: Rural England plays a significant role in the economy of the United Kingdom, but an even larger social and cultural role. And it is unique among OECD regions, in that it is geographically compact, with rural inhabitants generally no more than a half hour’s drive from an urban area. There is thus a vast amount of interaction between rural and urban populations in England. England’s rural population is, on average, doing better than the urban population across a broad range of socio-economic indicators. Nevertheless, rural England is also struggling with pockets of poverty and social exclusion, difficulties in maintaining access to high quality public services, an ageing population, and, most importantly, a widespread shortage of affordable housing. The government has adopted mainstreaming as its rural policy strategy. The objective of mainstreaming is to ensure that people in rural England have access to the same policies and programmes as those available in urban England. While mainstreaming is an attractive policy approach, especially in a country with strong rural-urban interactions such as England, it has proved challenging to implement for different reasons. This report examines the mainstreaming policy response as applied to rural England and suggests ways to increase its effectiveness. The report will interest academics and policy makers alike as it includes a discussion on governance structures and decentralisation; delivering public services; economic development; and the importance of improving connectivity in the context of rural areas. While the focus is on rural England, other OECD member countries will also benefit from the insights provided.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264094444-en
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  • 42
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    Better Regulation in Europe: United Kingdom 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264084490
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 410
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Großbritannien ; Governance ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Regulierung ; Volkswirtschaft
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for the United Kingdom, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264084490-en
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  • 43
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    More Than Just Jobs : Workforce Development in a Skills-Based Economy (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043282
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als More than just jobs
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Australien ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: "Job placement” has been the traditional goal of labour and employment policies, but this report argues otherwise. To stay competitive in a globalised economy, governments must also strive to enhance the skills of workers, increase their productivity and provide upward mobility to immigrants and the disadvantaged. This report provides valuable insights into how labour policies can be expanded to meet economic development and social cohesion goals, while also reconciling national and local concerns. Studies from seven OECD countries are presented (Australia, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States), each analysing attempts to expand workforce development policies and bridge the gap between national and local initiatives. Included are various types of government/private sector partnerships in the United States, regional training in France and Australia’s efforts to customise policies to local needs. Based on the country studies, the report then makes specific recommendations and suggestions on how workforce development policies can be expanded and improved.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043282-en
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  • 44
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    Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes: United Kingdom 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264046474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als United Kingdom
    RVK:
    QG 410
    RVK:
    QV 221
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Getting off to a good start in one's working life facilitates integration into the world of work and lays the foundation for a good career, while a failure can be difficult to make up. This report on the UK report contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264046474-en
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  • 45
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    More than just jobs : workforce development in a skills-based economy (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043282
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. More than just jobs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als More than just jobs
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Australien ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Großbritannien ; USA ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043282-en
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  • 46
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    Sickness, Disability and Work: Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 2) : Australia, Luxembourg, Spain and the United Kingdom (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264038165
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Maladie, invalidité et travail ; surmonter les obstacles (Vol. 2) ; Australie, Espagne, Luxembourg et Royaume-Uni
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Maladie, invalidité et travail : surmonter les obstacles (Vol. 2) : Australie, Espagne, Luxembourg et Royaume-Uni
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Australia, Luxembourg, Spain and the United Kingdom
    Keywords: Erwerbsunfähigkeit ; Krankheit ; Australien ; Luxemburg ; Spanien ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Luxembourg ; Spain ; United Kingdom ; Australien ; Luxemburg ; Spanien ; Großbritannien ; Krankheit ; Erwerbsunfähigkeit
    Abstract: Too many workers leave the labour market permanently due to health problems, and yet too many people with a disabling condition are denied the opportunity to work. This second report in the OECD series Sickness, Disability and Work explores the possible factors behind this paradox. It looks specifically at the cases of Australia, Luxembourg, Spain and the United Kingdom, and highlights the roles of institutions and policies. A range of reform recommendations is put forward to deal with specific challenges facing the four countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264038165-en
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  • 47
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    Using Market Mechanisms to Manage Fisheries : Smoothing the Path (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264036581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les mécanismes du marché au service de la pêche ; Comment faciliter leur utilisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les mécanismes du marché au service de la pêche
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Using market mechanisms to manage fisheries
    RVK:
    QT 500
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Island ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Norwegen ; Spanien ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Agriculture and Food ; Fischerei ; Management ; Marktmechanismus
    Abstract: In demystifying the concept of market-like instruments, this study explains how to make better use of market-like instruments in fisheries management by identifying practical steps that can be taken to further their use. The findings of the study are based on a survey of the use of market-like instruments in OECD fisheries in which the key characteristics of these instruments in different countries are identified. It finds that market-like instruments have generally improved the economic efficiency of the sector, and have helped to ensure the sustainability of fish stocks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264036581-en
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  • 48
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    21st Century Learning Environments (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264006508
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (111 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als 21st century learning environments
    DDC: 371.6/2
    RVK:
    DO 6000
    Keywords: Wissensgesellschaft ; Bildungseinrichtung ; Schule ; OECD-Staaten ; Großbritannien ; Education ; Konferenzschrift ; Electronic books ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Schulgebäude
    Abstract: Drawing on material presented at the OECD Programme on Educational Building's conference in London on "Creating 21st Century Learning Environments," this richly illustrated book presents the latest in innovative design for schools and analyses needs for the future. It does this through a series of thematic analyses, presentations, and school visits. The conclusions summarize planning and construction issues and make suggestions for the construction industry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264006508-en
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  • 49
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    Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 4) : Canada, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264009295
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 4) ; Canada, Finlande, Royaume-Uni, Suède
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 4) : Canada, Finlande, Royaume-Uni, Suède
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Babies and bosses ; Vol. 4: Canada, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom
    Keywords: Familie ; Familienpolitik ; Kinder ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; Kanada ; Finnland ; Schweden ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Finland ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; Familienbeihilfe ; Eltern
    Abstract: This book considers how a wide range of policies, including tax/benefit policies, childcare policy, and employment and workplace practices help determine parental labour market outcomes and may impinge on family formation and ultimately the current and future labour supply. It covers Canada (in particular the province of Québec), Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom and also includes some options for policy reform towards a better reconciliation of work and family commitments in the four countries in question. Other Babies and Bosses volumes cover Australia, Denmark and the Netherlands, which was published in 2002; Austria, Ireland and Japan, which was published in 2003; and New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland; which was released in 2004. An overview issue that will include key indicators on family-friendly policies in all OECD countries will be released later in 2005.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264009295-en
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  • 50
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    Lessons from Liberalised Electricity Markets (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Market Experience
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Stridbaek, Ulrik Lessons from liberalised electricity markets
    RVK:
    QR 600
    RVK:
    QM 430
    Keywords: Elektrizitätsversorgung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Deregulierung ; USA (Nordoststaaten) ; Australien ; Großbritannien ; Nordeuropa ; Energy ; Australien ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Liberalisierung ; Markteffizienz ; Elektrizitätsmarkt ; Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz ; Energieversorgung ; Elektrizitätseinspeisung ; Deregulierung
    Abstract: This book assesses experience in reforming electricity markets in OECD countries over the past decade, focusing on the issues that are critical for successful liberalisation. Experiences and examples in the study are drawn mainly from the UK, Australian, Nordic and North Eastern United States (the PJM interconnection) markets, which have all operated with considerable success for a number of years. The issues covered in the study are: the rationale and benefits of liberalisation; the governance required to create effective competition; the role of prices and transparent wholesale markets; consumer protection; incentives for investment, and impact of addressing security of supply and environmental policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109605-en
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    Innovation Policy and Performance : A Cross-Country Comparison (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264006737
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation policy and performance
    DDC: 338.06409177
    RVK:
    QR 000
    RVK:
    QX 840
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Österreich ; Finnland ; Japan ; Niederlande ; Schweden ; Großbritannien ; Science and Technology ; Österreich ; Innovationsförderung ; Technologiepolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Finnland ; Japan ; Niederlande ; Schweden ; Großbritannien
    Abstract: This publication examines the relationship between innovation policy and economic performance in six OECD countries – Austria, Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. In-depth analyses highlight countries’ strengths and weaknesses in innovation, as well as the effectiveness of their innovation policies in driving economic performance. Taken together, the country studies constitute a rich evidence base which will be of considerable interest to innovation policy makers in all OECD countries. They indicate that countries share a need to adapt – or even profoundly change – their innovation policies in order to deal with opportunities and threats posed by new technological and economic developments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264006737-en
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    URL: Inhaltstext
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  • 52
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    Infrastructure-Induced Mobility (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.105
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mobilité induite par les infrastructures
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Infrastructure-induced mobility
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: 07.11.1996 ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrsaufkommen ; Großbritannien ; Österreich ; Spanien ; Transport ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Mobilität
    Abstract: Do roads induce mobility? This might sound like a strange question, yet it only stands to reason that building new roads -- or other infrastructure -- may actually encourage people to use the new additional capacity to travel more. Induced mobility is a hotly debated issue, but the experts are no longer in any doubt that it is a very real phenomenon. However, measuring it is another matter, since we do not have sufficient data or experience in this area. This Round Table presents the data that is available to date on infrastructure-induced mobility. From the introductory reports and discussions, it is clear that much progress has been made in the last few years. As recently as ten years ago, many experts would have disputed the very existence of the induced mobility phenomenon. Today a consensus is emerging: Round Table 105 gives the full report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163294-en
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  • 53
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    Microeconometric Analysis of the Retirement Decision : United Kingdom (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.206
    Keywords: Retirement Great Britain ; Pensions Great Britain ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Rentenalter
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the retirement decision in the United Kingdom. We distinguish four retirement routes: retirement, unemployment, long-term sickness and other states. The focus of the paper is the impact of pension benefits on retirement transitions. We estimate multinomial logits and Cox proportional hazard rate models, separately for men and women. We conclude that participation in an occupational pension scheme increases the retirement hazard rate for men. The results for women are less clear-cut given the relatively small number of women entitled to an occupational pension scheme ...
    DOI: 10.1787/646408174537
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