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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (114)
  • Regensburg UB
  • FID-SKA-Lizenzen
  • 2020-2024  (55)
  • 2010-2014  (59)
  • 1945-1949
  • International Finance Corporation
Datasource
  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (114)
  • Regensburg UB
  • FID-SKA-Lizenzen
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Blended Finance for Climate Investments in India (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Environmental Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Blended Concessional Finance ; Clean Energy ; Climate Investments ; Climate-Smart Agriculture ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Green Housing ; Solar Power ; Waste-To-Energy
    Abstract: The document collection focuses on the concept of blended finance for climate investments, emphasizing the need for innovative financial mechanisms to address climate change. It discusses the potential of blending public and private capital to mobilize investment in climate-related projects, aiming to achieve both environmental and financial returns. The collection explores various models and case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of blended finance in driving sustainable development and combating climate change on a global scale
    DOI: 10.1596/41194
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building a Better Future : IFC Annual Report 2023 Financials (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2128
    Keywords: Education Reform and Management ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Data ; Financial Results ; Global Outlook ; IFC ; Information Technology
    Abstract: This Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD and A) discusses the financial results of the International Finance Corporation (IFC or the Corporation) for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 (FY23). The MD and A contains forward looking statements which may be identified by such terms as "anticipates," "believes," "expects," "intends," "plans", "aims" or words of similar meaning. Such statements involve a number of assumptions and estimates that are based on current expectations, which are subject to risks and uncertainties beyond IFC's control. Consequently, actual future results could differ materially from those currently anticipated. IFC undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements. Certain reclassifications of prior years' information have been made to conform with the current year's presentation
    DOI: 10.1596/40507
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building Green : Sustainable Construction in Emerging Markets (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2201
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Carbon Emission Reduction ; City Development Strategies ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Construction Materials ; Decarbonization ; Developing Countries ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Sustainable Construction ; Urban Development
    Abstract: How developing countries meet their rising building needs will be pivotal to the world's climate future. The good news is that the projected emissions growth in construction value chains can be reduced significantly with the application of existing technologies, new financing instruments, and the implementation of appropriate policies. Even as emerging economies meet the rising demand for residential and commercial buildings, it is possible to reduce total emissions from the sector below today's level by 2035. To avoid perpetuating the status quo, decisive action is needed by policy makers, developers, construction material producers, financiers, and international development institutions. IFC is launching this report to guide international efforts to decarbonize construction value chains. Building Green: Sustainable Construction in Emerging Markets was prepared through close collaboration between IFC economists, investment officers, and building and constructionsector specialists. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges of reducing carbon emissions from construction value chains in developing countries, but also the considerable opportunities that willcome from mobilizing the estimated USD 1.5 trillion of investment required for this transition
    DOI: 10.1596/40561
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IFC Annual Report 2023 : Building a Better Future (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2128
    Keywords: Energy Access ; Environment ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Innovation ; Public-Private Partnerships ; Science and Technology Development ; Technology ; Trade Finance
    Abstract: IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest global development institution focused on the private sector in emerging markets and developing economies. We work in more than 100 countries, using our capital, mobilization capacity, expertise, and influence to create jobs and raise living standards, especially for the poor and vulnerable. In fiscal year 2023, IFC committed a record 43.7 billion dollars to private companies and financial institutions in developing countries, leveraging the power of the private sector to improve people's lives as economies grapple with the impacts of global compounding crises
    DOI: 10.1596/40506
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Working with Smallholders : A Handbook for Firms Building Sustainable Supply Chains, Third Edition (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (526 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agricultural Finance ; Agriculture ; Climate-Smart Agriculture ; Farmer Cooperatives ; Farmer Cooperatives Training ; Gender and Agriculture ; ICT4Ag ; Smallholder Agriculture ; Smallholder Farmers ; Smallholder Supply Chains ; Smallholders
    Abstract: Smallholder farmers are the stewards of more than 80 percent of the world's farms. These small family businesses produce about one-third of the world's food. In Africa and Asia, smallholders dominate the production of food crops, as well as export commodities such as cocoa, coffee, and cotton. However, smallholders and farm workers remain among the poorest segments of the population, and they are on the frontline of climate change. Smallholder farmers face constraints in accessing inputs, finance, knowledge, technology, labor, and markets. Raising farm-level productivity in a sustainable way is a key development priority. Agribusinesses are increasingly working with smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income countries to secure agricultural commodities. More productive smallholders boost rural incomes and economic growth, as well as reduce poverty. Smallholders also represent a growing underserved market for farm inputs, information, and financial services. Working with Smallholders: A Handbook for Firms Building Sustainable Supply Chains (third edition) shows agribusinesses how to engage more effectively with smallholders and to develop sustainable, resilient, and productive supply chains. The book compiles practical solutions and cutting-edge ideas to overcome the challenges facing smallholders. This third edition is substantially revised from the second edition and incorporates new material on the potential for digital technologies and sustainable farming. This handbook is written principally to outline opportunities for the private sector. The content may also be useful to the staffs of governmental or nongovernmental development programs working with smallholders, as well as to academic and research institutions
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scaling Up Private Finance for Clean Energy in Emerging and Developing Economies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264840447
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (173 p.)
    Keywords: Saubere Energie ; Finanzierung ; Privatwirtschaft ; Private Investition ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schwellenländer ; Energy
    Abstract: A massive scaling up of investment is essential in emerging and developing economies to sustainably meet rising demand for energy, as well as to ensure that climate targets are met. Getting on track for net zero emissions by 2050 will require clean energy spending in emerging and developing economies to more than triple by 2030 – far beyond the capacity of public financing alone and therefore demanding an unprecedented mobilization of private capital. This special report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and International Finance Corporation (IFC) examines how to scale up private finance for clean energy transitions by quantifying the investments required in different regions and sectors to build modern, clean energy systems, including achieving universal access. The new global energy economy represents a huge opportunity for growth and employment in emerging and developing economies. This report's analysis identifies key barriers and how to remove them – and sets out the policy actions and financial instruments that can deliver a major acceleration in private capital flows for the energy transition.
    DOI: 10.1787/054f472d-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Handbook for Scaling Irrigation Systems (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage ; Agriculture ; Asset Management ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Structures
    Abstract: The demand for more efficient use of land and water resources to enable farmers to produce food using climate-resilient processes continues to grow in the face of a growing global population and the impacts of climate change and other shocks such as Coronavirus (COVID-19). Although irrigation has been widely promoted as important for productivity and resilience, it has not been sufficiently expanded. Large, well-established irrigation projects developed by public institutions and select private sector projects play an important role in providing access to irrigation, but they are insufficient to meet need. In parallel, farmers have been developing effective small-scale irrigation (SSI) options that include a range of technologies, financing methods, and operating models. International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) are global organizations focused on promoting resilient agriculture and food system transformation. This handbook takes a practical approach in guiding its target readers, which comprise policy makers, governments and government agencies, private sector actors, and development institution partners, on how to deliver effective design and operation strategies, combined with financing models, to implement and sustainably expand use of irrigation
    DOI: 10.1596/38336
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Creating Markets In Namibia : Creating Resilient and Inclusive Markets - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agriculture ; Energy ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Housing Finance ; Private Investment ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Renewable Energy
    Abstract: Since achieving independence in 1990, Namibia's remarkable growth has been fueled by foreign direct investment and enabled by prudent economic management. Since 2016, however, growth has declined steadily and the economy fell into recession, exposing the vulnerability of Namibia's economic growth model to external and climate shocks. These challenges were exacerbated by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, an economic slowdown in neighboring South Africa, worsening terms of trade on the back of declining global demand and commodity prices, a decline in Southern African Customs Union (SACU) revenues, and the effects of crippling droughts on agricultural and industrial production. Namibia has very high levels of poverty and inequality, which are largely driven by high levels of unemployment. The primary objective of this Country Private Sector Diagnostic (CPSD) is to identify near and medium-term reform opportunities to revitalize the private sector and help reposition Namibia's growth on a green, resilient, and inclusive trajectory. This CPSD explores priority reform opportunities to address five cross-cutting bottlenecks: (1) enhancing the role and performance of the state-owned enterprise (SOE) sector through a more effective competition policy environment; (2) strengthening implementation of the public-private partnership (PPP) framework to expand private investments, especially in infrastructure; (3) leveraging the potential for digital transformation of the economy; (4) addressing inefficiencies in logistics and trade facilitation; and (5) tapping opportunities in the water sector for green and resilient growth. The diagnostic then looks in depth at three sectors prioritized by the Namibian government - renewable energy, climate-smart agribusiness, and housing, and provides recommendations for reducing sector-specific bottlenecks to stimulate growth potential
    DOI: 10.1596/38334
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Creating Markets in Eswatini : Strengthening the Private Sector to Grow Export Markets and Create Jobs - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Beef ; Business Environment ; Forestry ; Private Investment ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Rural Development ; Small and Medium Size Enterprises ; Sugar ; Trade Facilitation
    Abstract: Eswatini is facing multiple challenges. It was already experiencing weak economic growth before the COVID-19 pandemic, a reflection of longstanding, deeply rooted issues such as fiscal unsustainability, declining private investment, weakening productivity and competitiveness, and falling export diversification and complexity, compounded by the impact of climate shocks. It shifted from a private investment-led higher-growth model to a government spending-led lower-growth model after the end of apartheid in South Africa. With weak investment in productive sectors, Eswatini's job market failed to keep pace with an expanding, younger labor force, leading to a large informal sector. Eswatini's public sector-driven growth model is unsustainable under current fiscally constrained conditions, and there is a need to reduce and reprioritize public spending. An assessment of existing sectoral data and consultations with Eswatini's private sector and policy makers suggest that four sectors can help drive the export-led private sector growth model. To return to an export-led growth model, Eswatini needs to increase export competitiveness by advancing regulatory reforms and improvements in trade logistics that include regional collaboration to address trade facilitation constraints. Finally, given the country's vulnerability to climate risks, policies to foster economic resilience amid extreme weather events (mainly droughts that affect agriculture) and improve disaster preparedness need to be pursued. The private sector must adapt to this challenge and work with the government to improve climate resilience
    DOI: 10.1596/38335
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Creating Markets in Chile : A Stronger Private Sector for a More Productive and Inclusive Society - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Foreign Trade Promotion and Regulation ; Free Trade ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Science and Technology Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Chile has long had a strong private sector that has enjoyed an accommodating and supportive policy environment. The imperative of building a green, knowledge-based, inclusive economy will inevitably continue to rely on the private sector playing a potent role as a partner in development. In an environment constrained by lower growth and productivity, Chileans are demanding access to better opportunities and improved services. The current constitutional process is an opportunity to set the stage for the private sector to be a stronger partner in building a more inclusive society and an innovative, productive, and greener economy. For this to happen, this country private sector diagnostic (CPSD) argues that three avenues will be essential: enhancing productivity, building a knowledge-based economy through more support to innovation, and upgrading skills for greater inclusion and innovation
    DOI: 10.1596/37872
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Realizing Sustainability Through Diversity : The Case for Gender Diversity Among Sri Lanka's Business Leadership (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: Decision Making ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Sustainability
    Abstract: This report makes the case for greater gender diversity on Sri Lanka's corporate boards and in senior management by highlighting the value propositions of such diversity for companies, communities, and ultimately the country. Diversity is about more than just gender, ethnicity, or religion. However, this report focuses primarily on promoting gender diversity in the workplace, particularly in the corporate boardroom and among senior management. Empirical evidence from around the world shows the importance and value of gender diversity in improving firms' overall performance, including but not limited to financial performance. Gender diversity among business leaders typically leads to better decision-making processes and better monitoring and strategy involvement. The business case for gender balance at the top goes beyond financial performance. Extensive research shows that having more women in business leadership positions leads to higher environmental, social, and governance standards, with a particularly clear connection when women achieve a critical mass of about 30 percent on company boards. Companies with enhanced environmental, social, and governance standards also perform better on critical metrics: stronger internal controls and management oversight, reduced risk of fraud or other ethical violations, positive workplace environment, greater stakeholder engagement, and improved reputation and brand. Therefore, having a more gender-balanced board and leadership team contributes to stronger environmental, social, and governance performance, which, in turn, leads to better business performance. Ultimately, diversity is about ensuring companies' competitiveness, performance, and long-term sustainability
    DOI: 10.1596/37866
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Creating Markets in Albania : Taking Advantage of New Trade and Investment Opportunities for a More Robust Private Sector - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Business Environment ; Emerging Markets ; Innovation ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics
    Abstract: Despite a challenging transition period and a string of adverse shocks, in recent decades Albania has made major strides in raising per capita income and integrating into the world economy. A dynamic private sector has become the engine of Albania's economic development, and its increasing role continues to offer opportunities for expanding the country's economic base and promoting faster and more diversified export-oriented growth. Albania is endowed with considerable economic assets, including a strategic geographical position, exceptional natural beauty, and abundant renewable and nonrenewable resources. A politically stable environment, improving governance indicators, and a record of dependable macroeconomic policies have supported the process of European Union (EU) accession, which offers a wide array of opportunities for the development of the Albanian private sector. Because a small domestic labor pool and consumer market limit the potential for economies of scale, sustaining Albania's economic expansion will require intensifying its integration with the global economy. Despite decades of progress, Albania continues to face serious structural and policy challenges. The country's economic expansion has not been matched by commensurate improvements in productivity. In this context, the World Bank Group has prepared the following country private sector diagnostic (CPSD) to assist the authorities in their efforts to leverage Albania's geographic location, natural assets, and improved institutional and policy framework to promote diversification, competitiveness, and robust private-sector-led growth. The analysis highlights the importance of improving the business environment while stepping up investments in technology and innovation. The report explores three critical sectors for accelerating and diversifying growth: agribusiness and food processing, tourism, and automotive manufacturing
    DOI: 10.1596/37868
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Creating Markets In Honduras : Fostering Private Sector Development for a Resilient and Inclusive Economy - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Business in Development ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Governance ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Unemployment
    Abstract: Honduras has significant investment potential, with ample productive resources, a solid industrial base, a market-oriented reform agenda, a strategic location with access to many international markets, and a growing labor force. The country's young and growing population is yielding a demographic dividend, which presents new opportunities for economic growth and diversification, especially in the service sectors such as business-process outsourcing (BPO) and in development of digital financial services (DFS). Honduras's rich endowment of resources and improving business climate have attracted rising levels of private investment, and the country achieved the second highest tradeto-GDP ratio in the Latin America and the Caribbean region prior to COVID-19 crisis. However, large-scale investment and trade have yet to generate rapid economic growth and robust poverty reduction. The public and private sectors will both play vital roles in Honduras's economic recovery. Ongoing targeted support will be necessary to address the health and humanitarian consequences of the pandemic, mitigate the resulting increase in poverty and inequality, and support the resumption of economic activity. This Country Private Sector Diagnostic (CPSD) is designed to help guide Honduras's private sector development agenda in this challenging and rapidly evolving context
    DOI: 10.1596/37871
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Business Case for Gender-Responsive Climate-Smart Mining (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: Energy ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Industry ; Social Aspects of Climate Change ; Social Development
    Abstract: Transitioning to a low-carbon economy is critical to the sustainability of the planet. A recent World Bank report found that increasing demand for clean energy technologies can increase demand for minerals such as graphite, lithium, and cobalt by nearly 500 percent by 2050. Even though the authors expect recycling rates to go up in the future, mining will still be required to supply critical minerals: the shift to a low-carbon future will be mineral-intensive, and mining will remain a critical industry. It is in this context that the World Bank Group established the climate-smart mining initiative (CSM), which is sustained by a partnership between industry and country governments. The initiative supports the sustainable extraction, processing, and recycling of the minerals and metals that are needed for low-carbon technologies. The concept is built upon four pillars: (i) climate mitigation; (ii) climate adaptation; (iii) reducing material impacts; and (iv) creating market opportunities
    DOI: 10.1596/37875
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Creating Markets in Fiji : Overview and Summary of Key Findings from Sector Deep Dives - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Business Environment ; COVID-19 ; Environment ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Resilience
    Abstract: This Country Private Sector Diagnostic (CPSD) comes at a challenging yet opportune juncture for Fiji to rebuild a more diverse and resilient economy amid the lingering impacts of COVID-19. Fiji recorded its strongest period of gross domestic product (GDP) growth (since achieving independence in 1970) in the decade leading up to COVID-19, underpinned by rising productivity and investment, improved political stability, and a booming tourism sector. However, the shocks of COVID-19 and a series of natural disasters, Tropical Cyclone (TC) Harold and TC Yasa, have been devastating for Fiji's economy, bringing widespread production disruptions and job losses. The increasing frequency of these weather events has also complicated Fiji's economic development strategy and plans. Fiji's real GDP declined by 15.2 percent in 2020 and is estimated to have contracted a further 4.0 percent in 2021, with the long-term ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy yet to be fully seen. These shocks have also exacerbated some of Fiji's long-standing structural vulnerabilities, including the economy being vulnerable to repeated climate-related shocks, its lack of sectoral diversification, and sluggish private sector job growth (particularly among youth and women). In this context, the CPSD approach for Fiji to 'build back better' revolves around four key interrelated pillars: (1) unlocking new sectoral sources of growth beyond tourism; (2) strengthening economic and climate resilience; (3) leveraging Fiji's potential as an economic hub in the Pacific region; and (4) creating inclusive employment opportunities
    DOI: 10.1596/37867
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  • 16
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    Online Resource
    Creating Markets in Sri Lanka : Private Sector-Led Inclusive Growth from Islands of Excellence: Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Covid-19 ; General Manufacturing ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics
    Abstract: Sri Lanka is a country of paradoxes. With the lowest poverty rates, best social indicators, and highest per capita income in South Asia, Sri Lanka's economic performance since independence had generally been hailed as a success before the current debt crisis. However, past performance occurred amidst many distortions and an economy less open than its peers, largely reflecting the strong involvement of the state in the economy. Even if this interventionist model of economic policy and the presence of many state-owned enterprises (SOEs) served the country well through the years of conflict and their aftermath, it is no longer sustainable. Indeed, after the rapid growth of the peace dividend in the years post-2009, the economy has faltered and progress on social indicators has stagnated. Many of market distortions remain and have been exacerbated by COVID-19. Understanding how, despite these handicaps, Sri Lanka achieved positive economic and social outcomes in the past provides the building blocks of a realistic, forward-looking growth strategy, one of the objectives of this Country Private Sector Diagnostic (CPSD). The research for this report was conducted prior to the current crisis, but the recommendations remain relevant to implementing public policies that will support private sector-led inclusive and sustainable growth
    DOI: 10.1596/37839
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  • 17
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    Creating Markets in Botswana - A Diamond in the Rough : Toward a New Strategy for Diversification and Private Sector Growth - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; COVID-19 ; Economic Growth ; Energy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Water
    Abstract: Diamonds have been at the center of Botswana's growth miracle for decade - but the urgency to diversify is stronger than ever. Although Botswana's economy has undergone transformation over the past decades, the shift has been largely into non-tradable services, with limited gains in employment, income equality, and export diversification. In addition, Botswana's high vulnerability to climate change, which affects all major sectors of the economy, underscores the need to strengthen Botswana's response to climate factors as a basis for renewed, sustainable growth. A positive growth outlook and steps taken as part of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis response should give the government new impetus to accelerate reforms. Success in diversifying the economy will depend on the decisive implementation of structural measures to increase private sector participation in nonmineral exports and transformative sectors. The dominant role that the government of Botswana still plays in large parts of the economy, particularly through its footprint as a shareholder in companies in the corporate sector, is a critical constraint that inhibits the entry and success of private sector participants. Gaps in infrastructure, access to finance, and skills are additional key constraints to employment and productivity growth. A coordinated approach to financing entrepreneurship and policies to increase uptake of digital finance can help close the gap. Trade barriers are another key cross-cutting constraint for the private sector, and a greener path for the economy can be unlocked by facilitating improved trade in environmental goods and services (EGS). Three key recommendations for the energy sector are as follows. The first recommendation is the fast tracking of instruments to facilitate investment in energy infrastructure development, including independent power producer (IPP) licensing, and procurement guidelines and processes. The second recommendation is the enhancement of the institutional capacity and governance model of the Botswana Energy Regulatory Authority (BERA). The third recommendation is the development of credit-enhancement and risk-mitigation strategies and supporting instruments to attract and mobilize private sector investment
    DOI: 10.1596/37881
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Business Case for Creating Respectful Workspaces in Sri Lanka (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Law and Development ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Work and Working Conditions
    Abstract: Workplace violence and harassment is pervasive, and it affects all countries, occupations, and work arrangements. This problem comprises a range of unacceptable behaviors that result in, or threaten physical, psychological, sexual, or economic harm, including gender-based violence and harassment. Between 2020 and 2022, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) conducted a study to better understand the prevalence and impact of violence and harassment on employees and businesses in Sri Lanka. This research covered workplace experiences and behaviors, and how these affect employees. The findings presented in this report will be used to develop tools and resources to help companies prevent and address violence and harassment connected with the workplace. The findings demonstrate the importance of employers' measures to address workplace violence and harassment, including through implementing measures that are consistent with International Labour Organization Convention 190 on Violence and Harassment
    DOI: 10.1596/38338
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  • 19
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    Energy Sector Baseline Study in the Kakuma-Kalobeyei Refugee-Hosting Area in Kenya (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Keywords: Energy ; Energy Consumption ; Energy Demand ; Energy Finance ; Energy Markets ; Energy Sector
    Abstract: Kakuma as a marketplace, a 2018 consumer and market study of Kakuma refugee camp in northwest Kenya, estimates that Kakuma camp and its hosting community have 2,100 refugee-owned businesses and are worth 56 million dollars based on household consumption. This study provides information for businesses in the energy sector to help them assess opportunities for providing or expanding energy services in the Kakuma and Kalobeyei areas; it also provides insights to inform International Finance Corporation (IFC) interventions. The study maps the supply of and demand for energy for lighting, cooking, and productive use among households and businesses in the camp and examines the regulatory environment affecting the energy sector
    DOI: 10.1596/37863
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    Creating Markets in Mali : Mobilizing the Private Sector for Economic Resilience and Recovery - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Agribusiness ; Agriculture ; Business Environment ; COVID-19 ; Emerging Markets ; Energy Sector ; Livestock ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Special Economic Zones
    Abstract: Until the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV2) COVID-19 pandemic and despite the deteriorating security situation, Mali's economic growth averaged five percent since 2014, on par with its long-term potential. Mali's fragile state status has also taken a toll on economic activity and social welfare by reducing access to markets, threatening food security, and degrading human capital indicators. With an increasing debt burden resulting in limited fiscal space to address persistent security risks and to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of Mali is compelled to refocus the role of the state and unleash the potential of the private sector to boost productivity growth, to diversify the economy away from a narrow base, and to ensure inclusive economic and social welfare for all Malians. The growth model will be readdressed around energizing investment, creating resilient markets, and building back better for a more resilient recovery via (a) improving the business environment; (b) crowding-in private participation in the delivery of infrastructure and certain public services; (c) ensuring that remaining state-owned enterprises and private firms compete on equal terms - that is, upholding competitive neutrality principles; (d) expanding public-private partnerships in key sectors, through transparent and competitive procurement; and (e) leveraging digital solutions by further enhancing digital infrastructure that would, in turn, increase the uptake of digital financial services and digital platforms for key sectors of the economy, such as agriculture, and digitize government services (e-government)
    DOI: 10.1596/37862
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  • 21
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    Creating Markets in Uganda : Growth through the Private Sector and Trade - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Agribusiness and Markets ; Business Environment ; Business in Development ; Global Value Chains and Business Clustering ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development
    Abstract: This Country Private Sector Diagnostic (CPSD) investigates the potential for greater private sector investment to meet some of Uganda's development challenges. At least 600,000 Ugandans enter the labor market every year, making for a workforce that is increasingly younger and urban based. To address the country's simultaneous productivity and job challenge requires a focus on growth in sectors that can leverage demand from abroad, are labor intensive, and low skilled. Three sectors hold promise in this regard: agribusiness, which is important for productivity, employment, and export growth; energy as an enabler of overall productivity; and housing because of its role in fueling growth in the labor-intensive construction sector and alleviating the demographic pressures that rapid urbanization puts on Ugandan cities. Within the agribusiness sector, the CPSD considers three of the most promising value chains-fish, dairy, and maize-and undertakes a more disaggregated assessment of the environment for private investment
    DOI: 10.1596/37857
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  • 22
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    Artificial Intelligence in Emerging Markets : Opportunities, Trends, and Emerging Business Models (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; ICT Applications ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Science and Technology Development ; Technology Innovation
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) - the science of making machines act in rational, intelligent ways is rapidly making inroads into business operations and society. AI is already being applied in many areas of our lives, with high penetration in financial services followed by e-commerce, healthcare, education, agriculture, and manufacturing. Emerging markets can benefit significantly from AI: Its applications are providing new ways to leapfrog infrastructure gaps and solve pressing development challenges in critical sectors. This report explores the latest AI applications and trends in emerging markets and includes several examples of how AI is expanding opportunities and contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. It also sheds light on how investors, clients, and governments can harness its full potential while minimizing its risks, when managed effectively and with safeguards in place, AI can facilitate private investment to reduce poverty and improve lives at a pace inconceivable only a decade ago
    DOI: 10.1596/36264
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  • 23
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    Using Blended Concessional Finance to Invest in Challenging Markets : Economic Considerations, Transparency, Governance, and Lessons of Experience (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Investment ; Transparency
    Abstract: Blended concessional finance is the combination of concessional funds from development partners with commercial finance from development finance institutions (DFIs) and private sources. These resources can be used strategically to help mitigate risk in challenging emerging markets and attract private investment where it otherwise would not go. It can be an important source of finance to help reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and address the economic challenges brought on by Coronavirus (COVID-19). This report examines IFC's two decades of experience supporting pioneering projects with blended concessional finance. The report addresses issues such as why and when concessional finance is appropriate to support private sector projects; the key transparency, access, and governance processes required to implement projects efficiently and effectively; the principles for selecting and structuring projects; how to use blended concessional finance to invest in lower-income countries; and the different ways of structuring concessional finance facilities used by DFIs
    DOI: 10.1596/36262
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    Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of South Africa for the Period FY22-FY26 (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: South Africa was hard-hit by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The social impact of the crisis has also been high. Since 2019, the Government of South Africa (GoSA) has embarked on a new socio-economic transformation program. This crisis has forced the Government to make difficult policy choices to restore macroeconomic stability, deal with the health and socioeconomic crisis, accelerate growth and make it more inclusive. In line with the Government priorities and those presented in the SCD, the central tenet of this Country Partnership Framework (CPF) is to help South Africa continue to tackle its Apartheid legacy of socio-economic exclusion, currently complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The CPF's overarching goal is to support SA in stimulating investment and job creation to achieve economic and social convergence for an inclusive and resilient society
    DOI: 10.1596/36027
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  • 25
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    Investing for Impact : The Global Impact Investing Market 2020 (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Capital Markets and Capital Flows ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Green Issues ; International Financial Markets ; Mutual Funds ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Sector Development ; Social Accountability ; Social Development
    Abstract: Impact investing has seen a boost in popularity during the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic due to increased awareness of climate change and social challenges such as unequal access to healthcare and racial and gender inequality. In 2020, the market saw an increasing level of maturity compared to 2019 with more assets being invested with identifiable impact management systems. This report covers impact investments by privately owned funds and institutions, and by publicly owned development finance institutions and development banks. It includes all investments with an intent for impact and identifies a core which have impact management systems to provide a credible contribution to impact and measurement of impact. Intent, contribution and measurement are the key attributes which differentiate impact investing from other forms of sustainable or responsible investing. In total, the report identifies a total of 2.3 trillion Dollars being invested for impact in 2020. This is equivalent to about 2 percent of global AUM. Impact investing remains a small market niche, but one that is attracting growing interest. Additionally, the report shares findings on broader trends relating to investing for impact, including opportunities in publicly traded assets. IFC's report is the most comprehensive assessment so far of the size of the global impact investing market. Findings from the report are based on publicly available information and verifiable data from selected proprietary databases
    DOI: 10.1596/36263
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    How Firms are Responding and Adapting During COVID-19 and Recovery : Opportunities for Accelerated Inclusion in Emerging Markets (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Emerging Markets ; Gender ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Insurance ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which began as a health crisis in early 2020, has rapidly evolved to become an unprecedented economic crisis affecting global, national, and regional economies and billions of individuals around the world. This report analyzes the widespread implications of the crisis on industry sectors, businesses, individuals, families, and communities. It closely examines evidence and data from business sectors and segments of society that may face challenging paths to recovery, including the most vulnerable firms and individuals in emerging markets that are likely to experience continuing hardship and specific difficulties coping with the crisis. And it highlights opportunities for the private sector to respond, to support a vigorous recovery and to build back better. The first section of the report, chapters 1 to 5 addresses issues that cut across sectors, as well as ways the development community can join with the private sector to help impacted communities and sectors recover and rebuild. The second section, chapters 6 to 9 focus on sector-specific responses to the crisis. The final section, chapters 10 to 12 attends to gender inequities, how they have been aggravated by the crisis, and potentially effective remedies
    DOI: 10.1596/36265
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    Gender Equality in Nigeria's Private Sector : A Gender Gap Assessment of the 30 Most Capitalized Companies Listed on the Nigerian Exchange (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Nigeria is the largest economy in Africa, and it is projected to have the fifth largest population in the world by 2026. The gender gap is particularly acute in Nigeria, and three market failures stand out: (1) a persistent gender gap at the company leadership level; (2) lack of access to finance for women who want to start a business; and (3) women's limited access to markets through supply chains and procurement opportunities. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX) have joined forces to rally some of the largest Nigerian companies to increase women's participation in private sector development. Through the Nigeria2Equal initiative, IFC is working with the chief executive officers (CEOs) of companies listed on NGX that are committed to implementing gender-smart solutions to reduce gender gaps across leadership, employment, and entrepreneurship. Through the Nigeria2Equal initiative, IFC is working with the chief executive officers (CEOs) of companies listed on NGX that are committed to implementing gender-smart solutions to reduce gender gaps across leadership, employment, and entrepreneurship. By conducting market research and publishing studies such as this report, IFC is establishing the business case for the private sector to invest in women in Nigeria, and are helping companies to identify gaps and constraints, and invest in reducing those gaps
    DOI: 10.1596/37860
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    Consumer and Market Study in Southwest and West Nile Refugee-Hosting Areas in Uganda (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Emerging Markets ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Social Development ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Abstract: The International Finance Corporation (IFC) commissioned a consumer and market study to explore economic activities, employment trends, consumption levels, and consumer preferences of refugees and host communities in Uganda's largest refugee-hosting areas in the Southwest and West Nile regions. The study covers a gap in existing research on the economic situations of forced displacement, which is often conducted from a humanitarian perspective and rarely offers the private sector view. The study presents the refugees' economic activities in their distinct roles as consumers, producers, suppliers, and salaried workers from the view of a private sector firm entering the market. It builds on earlier research conducted by the Uganda Investment Authority, in partnership with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), which produced investment profiles for refugee-hosting districts. The report is divided into eight chapters. Chapter one introduces the study. Chapter two outlines the study methodology. Chapter three provides socioeconomic baseline data, such as educational attainment, employment, and income, comparable by region and population group (refugees versus host communities). Chapter four explores access to telecommunication and financial services. Chapter five analyzes household consumption expenditure, the volume of economic activity, consumer preferences, and access to finance and telecommunication services. Chapter six discusses findings from the business survey. Chapter seven briefly looks at agricultural value chains in the Southwest and West Nile. Chapter eight presents investment opportunities in the refugee-hosting districts for the private sector
    DOI: 10.1596/37876
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    Creating Markets in Jordan : Volume II, Sector Assessments - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Accommodation and Tourism Industry ; Emerging Markets ; Equity and Development ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Transport
    Abstract: The Jordan Country Private Sector Diagnostic (CPSD) is a joint International Finance Corporation (IFC)-World Bank report that highlights the constraints as well as the opportunities facing the private sector in Jordan. It considers three sectors-tourism, logistics, and information and communication technology (ICT) - and the potential they offer for greater private sector contributions to the Jordanian economy, as well as the obstacles that they face from general or sector-specific policies and regulations. The CPSD also offers concrete recommendations to address some of these constraints. Although this report was largely prepared prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, its analysis and recommendations remain as, if not more, valid in the context of the pandemic and of an eventual recovery. A dynamic and resilient private sector is necessary if Jordan is to break the low-growth, high-unemployment trajectory it finds itself in today. The CPSD argues that tackling some of the major obstacles facing the private sector is essential to firm performance, investment, and productivity. These actions are as critical in times of crisis and especially afterwards to pave the way for a vigorous and sustainable recovery. Similarly, the sectors assessed by the CPSD continue to hold promise for the country. The pandemic has underscored the important role that digitalization, a strong ICT infrastructure, and supportive services have in creating a resilient economy and business continuity. E-commerce and logistics capabilities and services are an area put forward by the CPSD as an opportunity for Jordan in the coming years; they have boomed during the current crisis and are expected to be one of the post-pandemic growth sectors. Conversely, tourism, which had been experiencing a strong rebound in Jordan over the past few years, is one of the sectors hardest hit across the globe by the COVID-19 crisis. In Jordan the sector accounts for about 19.2 percent of gross domestic product and 32 percent of exports. Crafting a strategy that effectively addresses the many obstacles that prevent the tourism sector from attaining its potential is a necessary investment for a strong recovery - and a good use of what is likely to be a transitional period until travel re-commences
    DOI: 10.1596/37877
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    Digital Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Central America (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Science and Technology Development ; Technology Innovation
    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has made the digital revolution more important than ever. A strong entrepreneurial ecosystem is essential for digital revolution. This report assesses entrepreneurship ecosystems in Central America and provides a series of recommendations. The assessment was carried out in four countries of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras - and combined a set of analytical instruments. It included an analysis of firm-level micro-data, an analysis of public programs and intermediary organizations to support entrepreneurship, focus groups, and an online survey of more than 2,000 firms on technology use. The findings and the corresponding recommendations also cover challenges that make it difficult for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to digitalize their operations and for start-ups in general
    DOI: 10.1596/37843
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    Leading Tanzanian Women in Financial Services : An Examination of Gender Equality in Tanzania's Financial Services Sector (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender
    Abstract: There is a strong business and economic case for increasing women's representation in companies' leadership, globally, and especially in Africa. In 2019, the International Labor Organization (ILO) conducted a worldwide survey on the impact of gender diversity initiatives on 13,000 enterprises. In the study, ILO found that approximately 90 percent of companies track the quantitative impact of gender diversity initiatives around promoting women in management, and of those nearly 74 percent saw an increase in profits of between 5 and 20 percent. Given how critical the financial services sector is to economic growth, to help accelerate its progress, International Finance Corporation (IFC) launched several initiatives to better understand the opportunities and constraints to increasing the recruitment, retention, and promotion of women. In Tanzania, for example, IFC's finance2equal gender program is working in partnership with a selection of companies to reduce gender gaps in the financial services sector through research, peer learning, and firm-level support. Under this initiative, the study summarized in this report investigates gaps in workplace policies and practices as well as differences in the roles of women and men and makes recommendations to reduce gender gaps
    DOI: 10.1596/37848
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    Women and E-commerce in Africa (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: E-Commerce ; Gender ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: The rapid digital transformation underway in Africa has the potential to have an equally transformative impact on women entrepreneurs. Although Africa boasts a higher incidence of women entrepreneurs compared to men, women-owned (WO) businesses across the continent tend to be smaller, have lower average sales, and have fewer employees. The exponential growth of e-commerce in Africa presents an opportunity to close gender gaps by opening more markets to WO enterprises. Advances in disruptive technologies do not always translate into advances in gender equality, and to date, there is limited research that has investigated women's participation or their success on e-commerce platforms. This report seeks to address this knowledge gap with the first large-scale, sex-disaggregated analysis of e-commerce sellers in Africa and to shed light on the following key questions: (1) how are women entrepreneurs participating and performing in e-commerce?; (2) what are the opportunities and challenges for women entrepreneurs selling on e-commerce platforms?; and (3) is there a business case for e-commerce platforms to invest in women entrepreneurs? To answer these questions, the research team conducted in-depth interviews with sellers, as well as global and regional e-commerce experts; undertook surveys of representative samples of men and women sellers in Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, and Nigeria; and conducted an analysis of data from Jumia, one of the region's largest e-commerce platforms
    DOI: 10.1596/37836
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    Strategy for Sustainable Hydropower Development in the Jhelum Poonch River Basin Pakistan (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Environmental Protection ; Hydro Power ; Hydropower ; Law and Development ; Water Resources ; Water Resources Law
    Abstract: IFC has remained financer and development partner in hydropower projects in Pakistan. In this process, IFC has developed a comprehensive approach for developing sustainable hydropower as a cheaper and cleaner energy that benefits the environment as well as the communities in the area. A key part of the approach involves raising environmental and social standards in hydropower development through its advisory engagements. Strategy for Sustainable Hydropower Development in the Jhelum Poonch River Basin (JPRB) is one such IFC initiative implemented through a multistakeholder-engagement process to provide practical guidance for government, developers, and other stakeholders. The proposed strategy presents key lessons learned from hydropower projects in the Jhelum-Poonch River Basin as well as other related basins during construction and operation. It enhances the knowledge base of the Jhelum-Poonch Basin and provides recommendations for hydropower developers and government to implement best practice in their projects. This helps strike a balance between conservation and development by minimizing negative environmental and social impacts from hydropower projects in the basin. The strategy provides recommendations for government and regulators on how to improve policy and regulation to strengthen the hydropower sector. Developers can make good use of this report to strengthen their planning, systems, and business operations
    DOI: 10.1596/37865
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    Creating Markets in the Kyrgyz Republic : Unleashing the Private Sector to Rebuild Development Success - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Emerging Markets ; Microenterprises ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Sustainability
    Abstract: This country private sector diagnostic (CPSD) for the Kyrgyz Republic assesses the barriers and opportunities for a more forceful development of the private sector in the country. Between 2000 and 2019, gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate averaged 4.4 percent, enabling the Kyrgyz Republic's ascension to lower-middle-income country status by 2014. Economic growth has been unstable as its sources lacked diversity and were vulnerable to external shocks. Economic growth has been unstable as its sources lacked diversity and were vulnerable to external shocks. If the Kyrgyz Republic wants to inaugurate a new era of faster, more sustainable economic growth, it must more aggressively develop its private sector to support economic diversification and improve productivity
    DOI: 10.1596/37850
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    Markham/Ramu Agricultural Growth Corridor : A Possible Path of Transformational Agricultural Development (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Abstract: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in investments from the government, development partners and the private sector in integrated development/growth corridors and other spatial development initiatives, where coordinated investments in transport infrastructure, power, communications and markets are expected to create conditions to unleash Papua New Guinea's undoubted agricultural potential. Growth corridor strategies are increasingly invoked to coordinate public and private investment around strategic backbone infrastructure in developing countries. Investments in soft and hard infrastructure to promote investment in processing zones or out-grower schemes and facilitate multi-stakeholder dialogue aim to overcome coordination failures and bottlenecks related to market linkages or producer-relations to secure supply chains. This paper discusses the model of growth corridors as a tool for inclusive agricultural development in Papua New Guinea. It provides corridor and other spatial development approaches in terms of i) their geographical scope, ii) their objectives and iii) their governance mechanisms, the driving force behind the corridor initiative. Finally, it analyzes the potential and the needs of how the Markham and Ramu valleys can be a role model for an agricultural transformation in Papua New Guinea
    DOI: 10.1596/37864
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    She Matters : Women in Kazakhstan Corporate Leadership (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender and Economics
    Abstract: This report makes a case for greater gender diversity on Kazakhstan corporate boards (including the board of directors and management board). Empirical evidence from around the world shows the importance and value of gender diversity in improving firms' overall performance, including but not limited to financial performance. Gender diversity among business leaders typically leads to balanced decision-making processes, better monitoring and strategy involvement, and greater attention to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues to foster sustainability. This report analyzes the relationship between board gender diversity (defined as having at least 30 percent women on the board of directors) and the financial performance of Kazakhstan joint-stock companies (JSCs). For this purpose, a series of financial and gender indicators were collected from the data of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Depository of Financial Statements and the Register of State Enterprises and Institutions, Legal Entities with the State Participation in the Authorized Capital of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Central Securities Depository, et cetera In total, the study includes financial and non-financial information from 788 JSCs between 2017-2019
    DOI: 10.1596/37851
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    Sourcing2Equal Kenya : Barriers and Approaches to Increase Access to Markets for Women-Owned Businesses (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Small and Medium Size Enterprises
    Abstract: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) make up a large part of Kenya's economy, accounting for approximately 98 percent of all businesses. SMEs are found in all sectors of the economy, they are estimated to contribute about 80 percent of total employment in Kenya, and they play a central role in Kenya's economic growth. Women's ownership of formal SMEs is low, comprising only about one third of registered SMEs. Women-owned and led SMEs (WSMEs) face structural barriers in growing their businesses due to their limited access to: finance, business networks and connections, and market information. Consequently, these barriers limit WSMEs' ability to access new markets, such as procurement contracts with private sector Buyers. In 2020, IFC established Sourcing2Equal, a global program that aims to connect 5,000 WSMEs to private procurement opportunities by 2023. The first project under the program is in Kenya. This report examines the barriers that Kenyan SMEs face in accessing private procurement contracts, and if there are differences based on whether companies are owned by women, men, or owned jointly by women and men. Analysis of survey data from 571 SMEs, and interviews with 14 corporate Buyers in Kenya, provide unique data on gender gaps in the participation of SMEs in corporate supply chains, and it reveals emerging practices that are aiming to increase the procurement of goods and services from WSMEs. The sample of formally registered SMEs was selected from a defined population in business membership organizations' databases, rather than from a national census dataset. Due to the potential risk of homogeneity in the sample, the statistically significant results of this study should not be assumed to be representative of the whole SME population
    DOI: 10.1596/37853
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    Creating Markets in Mozambique : A study conducted by the World Bank Group in partnership with SIDA - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Business Environment ; Business in Development ; Energy Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics
    Abstract: The Country Private Sector Diagnostic (CPSD) is a joint IFC-World Bank diagnostic that aims to make concrete recommendations for crowding-in private sector investment and financing in client countries. The CPSD analyzes the country context, including the state of the private sector, and identifies cross-cutting as well as sector-specific opportunities and constraints. The analysis presented in the Mozambique CPSD will feed into various upcoming World Bank Group (WBG) engagement reports for the country, including the IFC country strategy and the WBG Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD). Similarly, it is expected that the CPSD will be of interest to the government, the private sector, and other development partners. Policy makers in Mozambique can take advantage of the CPSD to undertake reforms for improving the opportunities for private sector investment in priority economic sectors. The CPSD seeks to provide answers to the main development questions for private sector development in Mozambique, including which traded sectors, beyond extractives, have the most potential to drive growth and productive employment, and what reforms are needed to support this change
    DOI: 10.1596/37846
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    Small Business, Big Growth : How investing in SMEs creates jobs (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Employment and Unemployment ; Job Creation ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Small and Medium Size Enterprises ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This report presents an updated methodology to estimate the number of SME jobs created as a result of SME loans.5 It analyzes job multipliers across developing countries through a firm-level regression of annual employment change on loan size. Put simply, the framework presented here analyzes the relationship between the size of loans to SMEs and the jobs these enterprises create. This methodology builds on previous papers that found an association between access to finance and job growth, including Ayyagari and others (2016),6 and draws on data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (ES) and IFC's own "tracer surveys" to develop a new SME jobs multiplier that would allow for the estimation of job creation effects that correlate with SME loan size.7 The use of tracer surveys has enabled IFC to analyze how the SME customers of a particular IFC partner financial institution have benefited from greater access to finance and generated positive developmental impacts such as greater SME growth, productivity, and female ownership
    DOI: 10.1596/37842
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    Women and E-commerce in Southeast Asia (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: E-Commerce ; Gender ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: The rapid digital transformation underway in Southeast Asia has the potential to have an equally transformative impact on women entrepreneurs. Although Southeast Asia boasts a higher incidence of women entrepreneurs compared to men, women-owned (WO) businesses tend to be smaller, have lower average sales, and have fewer employees. advances in disruptive technologies do not always translate into advances in gender equality, and to date there is limited research that has addressed women's participation or success on e-commerce platforms. This report seeks to close this knowledge gap with the first large-scale, sex-disaggregated analysis of e-commerce sellers in Southeast Asia and to shed light on the following key questions: (1) how are women entrepreneurs participating and performing in e-commerce?; (2) what are the opportunities and challenges for women entrepreneurs selling on e-commerce platforms?; and (3) is there a business case for e-commerce platforms to invest in women entrepreneurs? To answer these questions, the research team conducted in-depth interviews with sellers, as well as global and regional e-commerce experts; undertook surveys of representative samples of men and women sellers in Indonesia and the Philippines; and conducted an analysis of data from Lazada, one of the region's largest e-commerce platforms
    DOI: 10.1596/37837
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    Creating Markets in Madagascar : For Inclusive Growth - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Agribusiness ; Business Environment ; Emerging Markets ; Human Capital ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics
    Abstract: The report is organized as follows: the first part gives an overview of recent economic and private sector trends, followed by an in-depth review of the cross-cutting constraints that affect private sector participation. The CPSD recommends putting a special focus on resolving three types of constraints: (a) deep-rooted governance issues (especially as they relate to policy unpredictability, red tape, and the uneven playing field in key sectors of the economy); (b) infrastructure bottlenecks, focusing on transport connectivity and energy; and (c) limited and poorly functioning factor markets for human capital, access to finance, and land. The second part lays out opportunities and policy options to strengthen competitiveness in agribusiness, apparel, and tourism. The three sectors reviewed are deemed to hold a high potential for job creation and growth and have been prioritized by the PEM and by the private sector stakeholders and development partners consulted for the report. The review puts a lens on addressing gender gaps, policies to promote sustainability, and opportunities to increase the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) as an enabler for development, where relevant
    DOI: 10.1596/37845
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    Architectural And Cultural Heritage Tourism Products In Nepal : An Assessment of New Private Sector Investment Opportunities in the Tourism Sector in Annapurna Conservation Area (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Keywords: Accommodation and Tourism Industry ; Business in Development ; Cultural Assets for Poverty Reduction ; Employment ; Environment ; Industry ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Tourism and Ecotourism ; Tourism Industry
    Abstract: IFC supports the tourism industry because of its strong development impact. It is easily accessible to rural entrepreneurs, allows for local approaches and products, has a bias towards female participation, and enables excellent supply-chain linkages. Our activities in tourism are aimed at promoting private sector-investments leading to sustainable and inclusive growth. In Nepal, tourism development also enables the creation of cultural, adventure, and sightseeing experiences that have appeal and significance among its established global, loyal market of visitors-ranging from pilgrims to mountaineers, hikers, and wellness and sightseeing travelers. But the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the tourism industry especially hard. The potential loss to the country's GDP from the collapse of tourism activities is estimated at USD 460 million. Around 230,000 jobs are at risk; 20,000 tour and trekking guides are unemployed, and 2,600 trekking agencies are closed, some maybe permanently. Now, as outbound markets begin to show signs of recovery, it is time to implement strategic adjustments to Nepal's tourism sector and implement policies that will align the destination with the new market reality
    DOI: 10.1596/37854
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    Creating Markets in Malawi : The Road to Recovery; Turning Crisis into Economic Opportunity - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Business Environment ; Business in Development ; Emerging Markets ; Energy Sector ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics
    Abstract: Malawi is at a turning point in its political, social, and economic trajectory. Lazarus Chakwera was sworn in as Malawi's sixth president in June 2020. This marked a historic moment: the first time in Africa that an opposition candidate won a presidential election following initial results being overturned. After widespread unrest prior to the election, Malawians, especially the youth, have been demanding greater accountability, an end to corruption, and tangible progress on eradicating persistent poverty levels that exceed 70 percent of the population. The average gross national income (GNI) of a Malawian is the third lowest in the world, just USD 380 as of 2019. The Chakwera administration will need to find a way to unify the country's fractured political landscape and deliver on development promises. On top of these challenges, the new administration must also navigate the ongoing and evolving economic shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth expectations for 2020 have been lowered from 4.8 percent to 0.8 percent. Recent efforts to build fiscal and institutional resilience have helped but need to be strengthened. The pandemic's fallout has weakened the country's macroeconomic foundations, and the overall risk of debt distress is now high. Meanwhile, human capital gains are at risk. Poverty reduction is expected to stagnate, and overall poverty could potentially worsen. The pandemic will likely exacerbate existing inequalities in economic opportunities for women. Women-owned firms, for example, are primarily concentrated in informal agriculture and services, sectors that lack basic social protections to buffer against economic distress. Female farmers, for example, generally have lower access to productive inputs, information, and liquidity than male farmers, so in times of crisis, their farm productivity and food security can be hit harder
    DOI: 10.1596/37847
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    Investing in Sustainable Access to Communications : The Role of Telecom Energy Services Companies (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Keywords: Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Telecommunications
    Abstract: The expansion of telecommunications services to unserved and underserved areas is key to reduce the digital connectivity gap. In order to do so, it is important to explore innovative and cost-efficient technologies and business models. Telecom Energy Services Company (TESCOs) offer solutions for powering and managing telecom companies' networks in off-grid and bad-grid areas in chapter one. International Finance Corporation (IFC) is seeking to contribute to the growth and development of innovative solution providers for telecom sites located in areas with little to no access to electricity by providing insights into the growth perspectives of the TESCO market globally in chapters two and three. IFC presents a market segmentation framework based on current business models in chapter four. The report then examines the typical commercial arrangements and key drivers which influence the bankability of TESCOs in chapter five. IFC also estimates the total amount of financing needed in order to address the pressing need for connectivity in unserved and underserved areas and acts as a call to action to stakeholders in the industry and in the financing community to work towards bridging this important connectivity gap. The five sections covered in this report represent the key dimensions required to assess the investment opportunity for TESCOs
    DOI: 10.1596/37852
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    Solomon Islands Tourism Investor Guide : A guide to investing in land for tourism development (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Keywords: Accommodation and Tourism Industry ; Environment ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Trade Promotion and Regulation ; Industry ; Land Tenure ; Tourism and Ecotourism
    Abstract: This Guide is designed to provide information that may be of help to potential tourism investors in navigating the process of investing in land for the purpose of tourism development in Solomon Islands
    DOI: 10.1596/37849
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    Trishuli Assessment Tool - Field Manual : A Standardized Methodology for Freshwater Aquatic Biodiversity Sampling and Long-Term Monitoring for Hydropower Projects in the Himalayan Region (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water Papers
    Keywords: Environment ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Resources Management
    Abstract: The Trishuli Assessment Tool is a standardized methodology for sampling freshwater aquatic biodiversity in hydropower projects. This tool was developed to: 1) strengthen the collection of aquatic biodiversity data for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and international-level environmental and social impact assessments (ESIAs); and 2) provide a simple yet standardized method for the long-term monitoring of aquatic biodiversity in relation to hydropower projects. The tool was developed by a group of 30 international and Nepalese aquatic scientists at a workshop in 2019 and tested during a field survey in 2020. It provides a field sampling methodology for three focal groups of aquatic biodiversity: fish, macroinvertebrates, and periphyton as indicators of overall aquatic biodiversity. This field manual provides guidance for implementing the Trishuli assessment tool in the rivers of Nepal and other Himalayan regions. The manual is applicable to all types of hydropower projects (HPPs), from small run-of-river to larger peaking projects because all of them have some impact on the aquatic environment
    DOI: 10.1596/37869
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    Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of Senegal for the Period FY20-FY24 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: This five-year Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Senegal lays out the World Bank Group (WBG) program for the FY20-FY24 period, which aims to support the country in its path towards achieving middle-income status by 2035
    DOI: 10.1596/33439
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    Data in Action : Natural Resources Disclosure for People and Progress (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This discussion paper is a product of the from disclosure to development (D2D) program, led by the sustainable infrastructure advisory team of the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The program, launched in 2017, is funded by the BHP Foundation and implemented in collaboration with the World Bank. The program's goal is to enhance benefit sharing with communities from investment in natural resources through effective disclosure and data-use practices. D2D develops and tests new approaches, partnerships, and platforms aimed at improving the ways in which companies and governments disclose data, so that communities and other stakeholders can use it to inform their decisions and actions. To bridge the information asymmetry in the sector and give voice to communities, D2D works to improve the disclosure and use of open data with capacity building, multi-stakeholder dialogues, and data-driven innovation activities with youth, infomediaries, and digital entrepreneurs. The D2D program uses lessons learned from these in-country activities to contribute to global efforts to improve transparency in the natural resources sector through more effective disclosure and use of data. In the coming years, D2D plans to expand to other countries and infrastructure sectors and to add a gender data component
    DOI: 10.1596/33300
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    Transparency for Impact : Lessons from IFC Projects in Peru's Natural Resources Sector (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The natural resources sector, particularly the mining industry, has been a significant part of Peru's economic growth over the past decade. The law mandates that the national government transfer half of the income taxes paid by mining companies to regional and local governments. This transfer of funds represents a significant opportunity to respond to the needs of local communities and lift them out of poverty. The Peruvian law of transparency and access to public information lays out mandatory compliance rules for public authorities and officials. It requires public entities at the national, regional, and municipal levels to deliver, in a timely manner, information requested by people and entities and to provide adequate infrastructure to systemize and publish public information. International Finance Corporation (IFC) identified five groups of stakeholders that were key in promoting transparency and accountability: authorities and municipal officials; local leaders; surveillance committees of the participatory budgeting process; the media; and the general population. Implementation of IFC's transparency and accountability projects in Peru generated a wealth of information, experience, recommendations, and lessons that will be useful when designing and implementing future interventions
    DOI: 10.1596/33298
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    Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of Rwanda FY21-FY26 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: Rwanda is widely celebrated for the remarkable social, political, and economic renaissance it has experienced in the years following the genocide against the Tutsi of 1994. However, Rwanda appears to have relatively higher poverty rates than African peers with similar income per capita, and its elasticity of poverty reduction to growth is low compared to high-growing SSA peers. Poverty is concentrated in rural areas and among households with many children. Rwanda now faces challenges in fully translating its very strong growth into commensurate gains in poverty reduction and shared prosperity. This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) sets out the World Bank Group's (WBG) plans for addressing the country's development priorities as identified in the 2019 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) and Rwanda's National Strategy for Transformation (NST1) well as supporting Rwanda's response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic to recover from the negative public health and socio-economic impacts of the pandemic. The CPF takes into account Rwanda's anti-crisis response program as of mid-May 2020, including the government's emergency Economic Recovery Plan, although it will likely continue to evolve in coming months. It was agreed with the authorities that should the situation warrant considerable changes to the government's strategy and its program with the WBG, the Performance and Learning Review (PLR) will be brought forward to accommodate such changes. The CPF spans two IDA cycles, IDA19 (July 2020 to June 2023) and IDA 20 (July 2023 to June 2026). Given the country's preference for frontloading its IDA commitment, and a track record of making good use of additional IDA resources available, Rwanda will explore the use of additional resources from IDA windows
    DOI: 10.1596/34682
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    Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of Sierra Leone for the Period FY21 - FY26 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: Sierra Leone has an advantageous geography and abundant mineral, agricultural and blue resources, yet the country's per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is almost the same as it was after independence. This CPF is highly selective and opportunistic, focusing on putting the fundamentals in place, with a strong emphasis on critical development accelerators that touch the lives of every Sierra Leonean: human capital, energy and technology
    DOI: 10.1596/33871
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    Coordinating Prudential Regulation and Secured Transactions Frameworks : A Primer (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Abstract: Coordination between secured transactions law and rules regulating financial products and institutions is of primary importance to support establishing a sound and inclusive credit ecosystem. This Primer illustrates why coordination between secured transactions law reforms and prudential regulation is needed; introduces the rationale and key tenets of prudential regulatory regimes. Also, specific attention is given to capital requirements and prudential loan-loss provisioning. The Primer also identifies a set of typical issues emerging from the reform experiences of several jurisdictions and presents the key elements of the regulatory strategy to approach such issues
    DOI: 10.1596/34813
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    Unlocking Data Innovation for Social License in Natural Resources (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This discussion paper is a product of the from disclosure to development (D2D) program, led by the sustainable infrastructure advisory team of the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The program, launched in 2017, is funded by the BHP Foundation and implemented in collaboration with the World Bank. It builds on more than a decade of IFC and World Bank experience in natural resources transparency and open data. The program's goal is to enhance benefit sharing with communities from investment in natural resources through effective disclosure and data-use practices. D2D develops and tests new approaches, partnerships, and platforms aimed at improving the ways in which companies and governments disclose data, so that communities and other stakeholders can use it to inform their decisions and actions. The social license to operate (SLO) refers to the ongoing acceptance of a company or industry's standard business practices and operating procedures by stakeholders, local communities, and the general public. Transparency and community engagement can also create the foundations for developing proactive systems for companies to recognize and address community concerns and create tangible programs to improve planning with host communities, governments, and civil society. The goal is to establish social value that is measurable and verifiable and emphasizes the issues that matter to different groups of stakeholders
    DOI: 10.1596/33299
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    Assessment of Secondary Markets for Movable Assets in the Jamaica Manufacturing Sector (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Abstract: One of the critical challenges to micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) continues to be access to finance (World Bank 2019). Asset-based lending (ABL) is emerging as a unique financing option for businesses and a new way to provide working-capital financing to support business growth and sustain business operations. The approach leverages nontraditional but valuable movable assets such as machinery, equipment, securities, accounts receivable, agricultural produce, and intellectual property rights as collateral to secure financing from credit institutions. These assets are common among entrepreneurs and established businesses but are seldom considered as a useful form of collateral to access short-term financing. Interestingly, among developing countries, movable assets represent as much as 78 percent of the capital stock of enterprises relative to immovable assets such as land and buildings (22 percent) (Alvarez de la Campa 2011). Despite this, insufficient collateral continues to be one of the main reasons loans are not granted in emerging markets (Fleisig, Safavian, and de la Pena 2006), perhaps reflecting the preference of financial institutions to utilize collateral based on immovable assets such as land and buildings. This assessment seeks to examine MABL in Jamaica, with a focus on developing possible options for deepening secondary markets among assets commonly used as collateral in MABL. The report includes recommendations for developing secondary markets, among other potential assets that can be used for MABL, as well as general steps for implementation
    DOI: 10.1596/34810
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    Country Partnership Framework for the Central African Republic for the Period FY21-FY25 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: The Central African Republic (CAR), sparsely populated and landlocked in the heart of the continent, is one of the poorest and most fragile countries in the world despite its wealth in natural resources. The socio-economic and health impacts of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) will put additional strain on an already fragile system. CAR is at a critical inflection point, following the signature of an ambitious Peace Accord - with a subsequent sharp decline in violence - and ahead of a double electoral cycle
    DOI: 10.1596/34466
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    Conflicts in the Boardroom Survey : Results and Analysis (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In the boardroom, disagreements are often unavoidable - especially when the board is composed of independent minded, skilled, and outspoken directors. A board that never argues or disagrees is most likely to be an inactive, passive, or inattentive board - in other words, an ineffective board that is neither fulfilling its oversight function nor carrying out its duty of care. If boardroom disagreements and or shareholder conflicts are not dealt with properly, they can devolve into acrimonious disputes that undermine a company's operation and performance. Left unchecked and unattended, these disputes escalate quickly into public matters that can have severe, long-term consequences for the company and its key stakeholders. These disputes can lead to poor performance, scare investors, produce waste, divert resources, cause share values to decline, and, in some cases, paralyze a company. In 2012, the center for effective dispute resolution (CEDR) and the corporate governance group of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) undertook a joint project to explore the causes, nature, and methods of resolving corporate governance disputes. As part of this ongoing project, CEDR and IFC carried out a global survey. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
    DOI: 10.1596/26116
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    E- and M-Commerce and Payment Sector Development in Vietnam (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This study investigates the state of the electronic (e) and mobile (m)-commerce sector in Vietnam and its impact on the development of cashless payments and online financial services. The e- and m-commerce sector in Vietnam is growing organically. Although still immature and small in volume, advances in the region suggest that the sector will continue to expand and that investment is increasing in startups involved in payments, FinTech, third party logistics, and software aiming to support development. Vietnam has one of the fastest growing economies globally and the World Bank estimates that its GDP per capital will double in the next decade. It is one of the most populous countries in South East Asia with a majority of its inhabitants under 30. The rest of this document is structured as follows: Section two provides a short overview of the research conducted with end users and clients of e- and m-commerce firms; Section three describes the company survey methodology and the survey population of e-and m-commerce and support service firms; Section four presents the results from the survey including findings about payment acceptance and usage by e-and m-commerce firms and their clients as well as the business of payments and related services and logistics providers supporting the industry in Vietnam; and Section five provides key conclusions. The Annex to this report contains information about the surveyed companies, questionnaires and a snap shot of the front running firms and investors that are active in this market segment
    DOI: 10.1596/26113
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    Alternative Delivery Channels and Technology : Handbook (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The ambition to reach full global financial inclusion requires that we address the challenge of delivering appropriate and affordable financial services to an estimated 2.5 billion unbanked individuals globally. One response to this challenge has involved the design of products such as microloans, low balance savings accounts, micro-insurance, and mobile money transfer that are specifically tailored to meet the needs of the often excluded low-income mass market. Delivering these products and services on a large scale, however, cannot be achieved without accessible channels that lower the cost of service and increase reach. Alternative delivery channels (ADC), defined as those channels that expand the reach of services beyond the traditional bank branch channel, have emerged as a result of innovations in information and communication technology and a shift in consumer expectations. This handbook serves as a tool for Financial Services Providers (FSPs) to increase the technical understanding of ADC platforms and to provide practical guidance on how to approach an ADC technology project. The handbook is structured as follows: 1) Chapter one provides an overview of ADCs and the technologies that underpin them; 2) Chapter two offers guidelines to develop a channel strategy, taking into account the internal and external factors that impact strategy decisions; 3) Chapter three outlines the different components of a technology platform, aiming to provide guidance on how the channel strategy can be mapped to a specific technology platform; 4) Chapter four highlights the importance of identifying requirements and outlines the steps involved in selecting the right provider and solution; and 5) Chapter five introduces a best-practice implementation methodology and key considerations for a successful implementation. In addition, the chapter discusses how a channel should be monitored, maintained and scaled up after going live
    DOI: 10.1596/25980
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    Implementing a Framework for Managing Fiscal Commitments from Public Private Partnerships (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This note presents practical guidance on how to implement a framework for managing fiscal commitments from Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). It draws on specific regional operational experience and on World Bank Institute (WBI)'s wider thematic engagement with different partners worldwide. The note provides practical advice on how to: consistently identify and assess fiscal commitments arising from PPPs during project preparation and implementation; incorporate these into the project approval process, including budgeting for these appropriately; and strengthen the monitoring and reporting of fiscal commitments over the lifetime of the project. It explains the fiscal commitments that can arise from PPP projects; why governments may find it difficult to assess and manage these fiscal commitments and incorporate them into project selection; and the key components of an institutional framework to manage fiscal commitments at both the development and implementation stages of a project, including the roles, responsibilities, and processes for managing PPP fiscal commitments
    DOI: 10.1596/25032
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    Improving Animal Welfare in Livestock Operations (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In the past decade, animal welfare has been increasingly recognized in importance in commercial livestock operations. Governments, academic institutions, and animal welfare professionals are addressing animal welfare at different points in the agricultural supply chain, while consumers are demanding higher standards for food safety and animal welfare. Meanwhile, regional and global initiatives to provide guidance on acceptable animal welfare practices have emerged. IFC is committed to working with clients to reduce losses, increase productivity, and/or access new markets through the application of sustainability principles, including animal welfare standards. This Good Practice Note (GPN), which supersedes the 2006 edition, contributes to IFC s continued commitment to supporting clients in a responsible and forward-looking approach to traditional livestock production (dairy, beef, broiler chickens, layer chickens, pigs, and ducks) and aquaculture in intensive and extensive systems to, among other things, help producers access and maintain entry to high quality and value market segments. This GPN describes a range of animal welfare good practice and complements IFC s Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability (2012), in particular animal husbandry requirements for IFC clients as reflected in Performance Standard (PS): biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of living natural resources. The note also describes IFC s approach to animal welfare, including details on IFC s approach to due diligence. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
    DOI: 10.1596/21505
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    Indonesia Market Study : Movable Assets-Based Financing to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The report aims to assess the current market for movable assets based lending with respect to micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. The sections of the report highlight the addressable demand for MSMEs and the current supply provided by various formal sources of financing in Indonesia. Traditionally, financial institutions have preferred lending against fixed asset collateral only. Using that as a starting point, the report seeks to identify the current challenges in lending against movable assets. It further extends the need for a greater financial infrastructure that can facilitate the ability of lenders to evaluate risks in movable assets based lending. This report delves into the lending challenges faced by MSMEs as well as the challenges that restrict greater supply of credit by financial institutions. It draws on data and insights based on discussions with over 70 financial institutions in Indonesia, and an understanding of the credit requirements of MSMEs - based on over 850 sample cases for quantitative data. These findings were further examined through in-depth qualitative discussions with 34 MSMEs spread across multiple regions in Indonesia. As the Indonesian economy follows a traditional model of providing credit based on fixed collateral, such as land and buildings, the study focuses on: (i) understanding the current credit demand that can be potentially addressed by movable assets to complement the traditional model, and (ii) the challenges that need to be addressed to facilitate the ensuing movable assets based lending
    DOI: 10.1596/25415
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    The Indonesia Corporate Governance Manual (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, creates opportunity for people to escape poverty and improve their lives. The Indonesia Corporate Governance Manual (CG Manual) was commissioned by IFC as part of the Indonesia Corporate Governance Program that IFC is implementing in Indonesia since 2012. As part of this Program, IFC has established a formal cooperation with Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). A key product of this cooperation between IFC and OJK is the development of this Indonesia Corporate Governance Manual, which serves as a learning instrument to benchmark existing standards and practices in Indonesia with internationally recognized best practices. In this respect, this Corporate Governance Manual should be considered as a major tool for Corporate Governance in Indonesia as it targets a wide spectrum of stakeholders, such as directors and commissioners, academics, policymakers, corporate governance experts and more generally, individuals and institutions interested to know about the corporate governance framework in Indonesia. IFC is happy to be part of this initiative with OJK and remains committed to helping raise governance standards across the market and contribute to a sustainable private sector in Indonesia. The Fifteen chapters of the Manual focus on the key corporate governance issues. All issues are closely examined through Indonesian law and regulations and when applicable, internationally recognized best practices. While it is recommended to read the entire Manual to gain a full understanding of the corporate governance framework in Indonesia, it is not necessary to read all the chapters in chronological order. The reader is encouraged to begin with a topic of interest and follow the links and references included in the text for guidance to other chapters. Examples, illustrations, and checklists are included to make the Manual clear and useful
    DOI: 10.1596/26115
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    Ending the Microfinance Crisis in Morocco : Acting Early, Acting Right (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In the fall of 2008, the Moroccan microfinance sector underwent what in economics is referred to as a Minsky moment, the sudden realization that the market has overshot and that the good times are coming to an end. In this particular case, the Minsky moment was a specific event - the private circulation of an IFC study that found extensive problems with the portfolios of the country's four largest Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), and one in particular - Zakoura. This study picks up from Morocco's Minsky moment. The MFIs at the time were beginning to see unequivocal signs that the market was shifting. The lead-up to this moment has been well documented: the reckless pursuit of growth, fed by an equally reckless influx of funding, both foreign and domestic, the high rate of multiple lending, poor lending standards and equally poor back-office and management information systems (MIS), and poor governance - all have been noted as causes of the crisis. While this study is meant to cover the full Moroccan microfinance sector, due to constraints of time and availability of data, its primary focus is on the three largest MFIs in Morocco. This report is organized into three key sections: 1) a review of the main drivers and factors evident during the course of the Moroccan microfinance crisis (2008-2011); 2) an examination of the key responses taken by the MFIs during the course of the crisis; and 3) a review of government actions and other market-level changes that affected the nature and trajectory of the crisis. The authors close with a look at the future prospects for microfinance in Morocco
    DOI: 10.1596/26054
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    Harnessing Energy from the Sun : Empowering Rooftop Owners (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This white paper aims to create awareness - among stakeholders including policy makers, utilities, and regulators of the opportunities and challenges of the rooftop solar market. It focuses on implementation options, including public-private partnerships, and discusses practical issues related to planning and implementing rooftop solar initiatives. It discusses policy and technical issues that can help stakeholders make informed decisions, especially in terms of meeting local objectives. It presents how to involve rooftop owners and the private sector in developing the rooftop solar market while drawing on current international rooftop solar experience through case studies and interviews. It offers an overview of the nascent market in India, and specifically the Gujarat rooftop solar program. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
    DOI: 10.1596/25793
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    IFC and HBL Supporting Job Creation in Pakistan (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, contributes to the World Bank mission of global poverty reduction by creating opportunities for people to improve their lives through private sector solutions. In Pakistan, IFC's strategy has focused on addressing the key challenges that affect private sector development, from investing in the infrastructure sector, including energy, to enhancing access to finance, with a view to improving the conditions for growth and employment generation. As part of its country program, IFC has focused on increasing access to finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which are the backbone of Pakistan's economy as they constitute more than 90 percent of total private enterprises in the formal industrial sectors and employ over 70 percent of the labor force. Often these SMEs struggle to obtain the financing needed to grow and create jobs. For this reason, IFC has partnered with financial institutions to improve service provision to SMEs and stimulate economic development across the country. Since 2007, IFC has been engaged with HBL, Pakistan's largest private sector commercial bank, and provided financing to strengthen the bank's capital following its privatization, as well as advised on how to scale up the bank's SMEs portfolio in a sustainable manner. The objective of this study is to develop an understanding of the relationship between access to finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and job creation. IFC has analyzed a sample of more than 100 SMEs that obtained loans from its client, Habib Bank Ltd (HBL), in 2009 in Pakistan, at a challenging time for the country
    DOI: 10.1596/26441
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    IFC and Fransabank Supporting Job Creation in Lebanon (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, seeks to promote private sector led growth in order to support job creation and inclusive growth. In this context, an important priority of IFC in Lebanon is to support small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In Lebanon, SMEs represent 97 percent of the total formal enterprises, employ more than 51 percent of the working population, and are mostly family-owned. Supporting Lebanese SMEs is therefore an important mechanism for increasing employment opportunities, and improved access to finance for SMEs is an essential factor allowing SMEs to grow. As part of its activities in Lebanon, IFC partners with local banks and other financial institutions to (i) broaden their networks and facilitate greater outreach to SMEs; and (ii) offer innovative products that expand financing options for SMEs. Fransabank and IFC have had a long-standing relationship dating back to the 1990s. In 2007, IFC supported Fransabank under the Lebanon Rebuild Program with two facilities including a risk-sharing facility to support the bank's lending to SMEs. IFC's counter-cyclical support not only provided liquidity but also helped restore investor confidence in Lebanon and its private sector in a post-conflict situation. Measuring the impact of IFC's investment and advisory activities can be complex. With the idea of quantifying job creation through financial markets investments in Lebanon, IFC and Fransabank have undertaken this in-depth study. The key objectives of the study are: (i) to measure the job impact on SMEs from increased access to finance; and (ii) to understand the broader development outcomes facilitated by engagements in the financial sector. The results are based on a survey implemented in March 2013, which sampled 73 companies that received loans from Fransabank during 2008 and 2011. The enterprises ranged from very small to medium firms in the service, agribusiness, and manufacturing sectors across the five regions of Lebanon. While it is difficult to draw any definitive conclusions from these findings, the results validate that SMEs are vital and have the potential to contribute significantly to job creation. The findings should also encourage financial institutions like Fransabank to continue supporting SMEs through financing and other services to promote sustained job growth in Lebanon
    DOI: 10.1596/26442
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    Environmental and Social Management System Implementation Handbook : Food and Beverage (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Environmental and social responsibility is becoming more and more important in today's global economy. There are thousands of environmental and social codes and standards in the world today. The codes and standards define the rules and the objectives. But the challenge is in the implementation. An environmental and social management system (ESMS) helps companies to integrate the rules and objectives into core business operations, through a set of clearly defined, repeatable processes. This handbook is intended to be a practical guide to help companies in the food and beverage industry develop and implement an environmental and social management system, which should help to improve overall operations. Sections I and II provide background on ESMS in the food and beverage industry. Section III provides step-by-step instructions on how to develop and implement an ESMS. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
    DOI: 10.1596/25462
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    Environmental and Social Management System Toolkit and Case Studies : Food and Beverage (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Environmental and social responsibility is becoming more and more important in today's global economy. There are thousands of environmental and social codes and standards in the world today. The codes and standards define the rules and the objectives. But the challenge is in the implementation. An environmental and social management system helps companies to integrate the rules and objectives into core business operations, through a set of clearly defined, repeatable processes. This handbook provides tools to build or enhance a company's environmental and social management system (ESMS). Section I is the Toolkit - sample documents, blank forms, flowcharts, checklists and templates. There are tools for each of the nine elements in the ESMS. Section II is the Case Studies - examples of how two different companies used the tools and developed and implemented an ESMS appropriate to the size and nature of their business
    DOI: 10.1596/20824
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    Assessing and Managing Environmental and Social Risks in an Agro-Commodity Supply Chain : Good Practice Handbook (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Supply chain risk has become a major area of concern for companies in the agribusiness sector, as well as for their customers, financiers, and external stakeholders. The threats that environmental and social (E and S) risks pose to brand values and product quality are making those risks more material, often reaching thresholds of major importance to the core business of agriculture and food companies. This good practice handbook is intended for those agro-commodity companies that want to better manage supply chain E and S risks. Agro-commodity supply chains often stretch over multiple supplier companies and multiple countries. Through its eight performance standards on E and S sustainability, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) requires its clients to identify, avoid, mitigate, and manage E and S risks and impacts as a way of conducting sustainable business. IFC recognizes that there is a broader range of significant E and S risks in agro commodity supply chains beyond these four core areas, and the approach set out in this handbook can be applied beyond these areas. The handbook focuses on five major agro-commodity supply chains- palm oil, soy, sugarcane, cocoa, and coffee however, many of the tools, resources, and case studies can be used as guidance for other agro-commodities
    DOI: 10.1596/17841
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    Mobilizing Public and Private Funds for Inclusive Green Growth Investment in Developing Countries : A Stocktaking Report Prepared for the G20 Development Working Group (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The G20 countries have increasingly recognized the importance of green growth in recent years, and many countries are demonstrating strong leadership through effective and progressive policies.The focus has so far been on creating new economic opportunities while solving environmental and resource scarcity challenges. However, governments do not act alone-the private sector is a natural partner, providing new technologies, business models and investment opportunities across a variety of sectors to help scale-up transformation. Since the 2008 Pittsburgh G20 Summit, inorder to foster these partnerships and leadership by the private sector there has beena surge in related intergovernmental, non-governmental and private sector platforms, to actively promote government policies and public-private partnerships to deliver greater investment in resource-efficient, low-carbon infrastructure and services. As the largest development finance institution dedicated to private sector development,with a strong emphasis on sustainability,International Finance Corporation (IFC) was commissioned to undertake an extensive literature review as a stocktaking exercise on existingmechanisms to mobilize private capital for inclusive green growth (IGG) investmentsin developing countries, as preparation for LosCabos. This overview starts with the high-level findings of the expanded literature review. In order to help readers navigate the vast amounts of information reviewed, a software tool has been developed that allows searches by theme, geography, sector, instrument, and nother interests. The overview then provides a mapping of financial flows relevant to IGG based on existing information and identifies gaps in our knowledge along sectoral and geographical lines
    DOI: 10.1596/26450
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    Developing a Housing Microfinance Product : The First Microfinance Bank's Experience in Afghanistan (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of this case study is to document an example of the successful design and implementation of housing micronance (HMF) products by analyzing the approach taken by the First Micronance Bank of Afghanistan (FMFB-A) from 2009 to 2013. This report aims to encourage other lenders to follow suit and offer housing-related loans to low-income earners. It is part of IFC's MENA Micronance Knowledge Management project, which aims to raise awareness among micronanceinstitutions (MFIs) about the importance of risk management, product development, and transformation. FMFB-A was established in 2003 with the mission to reduce poverty and promote nancial inclusion by providing its clients with access to nancial services. Shareholders of FMFB-A are the Aga Khan Agency for Micronance (AKAM), Aga Khan Foundation USA, the German Development Bank (KfW), and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). FMFB-A has a nation-widepresence in Afghanistan and serves over 53,000 clients with an outstanding portfolio of 64.5 million dollars. Housing nance accounts for about 17 percent of its total portfolio. FMFB-Ais currently the only MFI in Afghanistan that offers a housing micronance product. FMFB-A implemented a rigorous, albeit exible, approach to the roll-out of its HMF products in Afghanistan. The idea to develop an HMF product at FMFB-A started in 2007 as a response to client demand. Its aim has been to increase access to housing micronance for Afghanistan's low-income households in urban and rural areas. It also sought to improve the quality of housing for this segment by offering construction technical assistance (CTA) services
    DOI: 10.1596/26123
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    Reforming Business Registration : A Toolkit for the Practitioners (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The private sector, through investment and job creation, plays a crucial role in a country's fight against poverty. Where an effective private sector is lacking, business registration reform has been shown to be one of the essential first steps toward fostering private-sector growth. The easier, faster, and cheaper the business registration process becomes, the higher the number of businesses in an economy. A number of recent studies have found that simpler registration processes translate into advantages for workers and employers, including greater employment opportunities, more productive jobs, and higher total factor productivity. In addition, society as a whole benefits from registration reform. Business registration reform also has the potential to reduce both informality and gender disparity in entrepreneurship. This toolkit provides a systematic analysis of various reform options and is meant to serve as a guide for policy makers and practitioners implementing business registration reform. The toolkit thus displays the fundamentals of international good practice that can be adapted to specific country contexts in a coherent, consistent, and sustainable way
    DOI: 10.1596/17634
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    Good Practices for Construction Regulation and Enforcement Reform : Guidelines for Reformers (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The report's main objective is to provide policy makers, regulators, and the private sector, primarily in emerging economies and developing countries, with a tool for enforcing international best practice and for developing strategies for successful reforms in the area of construction regulation. This paper is divided into the following eight chapters: 1) the importance of construction regulation reform. The first chapter defines three overarching goals of construction-regulation reform and addresses why and how these efforts can pay off; 2) reforms as good regulation not deregulation. This chapter points out that deregulating is not the answer; 3) the distribution and focus of construction regulation reform. Leveraging eight years of data from the doing business reports, this chapter provides an overview of reforms initiated within the doing business scenario and the key regional trends; 4) eight key policies affecting process efficiency, transparency, regulatory outcomes, and costs. This chapter provides a concise description of eight priority policy areas; 5) initiating reform and addressing typical challenges. Based on international experience, this chapter focuses on how to start reforms and covers issues including who should be involved in construction-regulation reform and how reform should be sequenced; 6) an overview of best practices. This chapter summarizes the best practices around four major issues, namely, building codes, procedures and transparency, payment of fees, and measures concerning stakeholder liability and accountability; 7) performance measures and evaluation of building regulatory systems. This chapter defines guiding principles for leading the reform effort and includes a meaningful set of indicators and a framework for monitoring outcomes; and 8) ten case studies. This chapters 10 in-depth case studies round out the discussion
    DOI: 10.1596/16612
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    Russia's New Capacity-based Renewable Energy Support Scheme : An Analysis of Decree No. 449 (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: On 28 May, 2013, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted decree no. 449 on the mechanism for the promotion of renewable energy (RE) on the wholesale electricity and capacity market. Decree no. 449 integrates support for renewable energy sources for electricity (RES-E) into the capacity market. This is a very different approach to that applied in most of the existing support mechanisms in other countries, where RES-E is promoted on the basis of the electricity output (MWh) rather than the installed capacity (MW or MW per month) of RE installations. Promoting RES-E through the capacity market is a way for the Russian authorities to overcome some of the legal and technical challenges faced by previous support initiatives and, importantly, to control the costs of RE. This approach fits well with the specific regulatory architecture of the Russian wholesale electricity market, which comprises both an energy and capacity segment. This report introduces Russia's new capacity-based scheme and examines how the Russian authorities have integrated the variability of RE sources into the regulation of capacity supply. This analysis will highlight the risk of legal uncertainty affecting the business case for RE investors under the capacity-based scheme. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
    DOI: 10.1596/25795
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    Innovative Solutions for Business Entry Reforms : A Global Analysis (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report shows how business registers employ information and communication technology (ICT) to perform their functions more efficiently while at the same time providing businesses with more user-friendly services. Particular attention is paid to achieving innovative solutions, that is, solutions using ICT as a catalyst for re-engineering the registration process to improve users experiences and to provide useful services and high-quality information for both the private and the public sectors. In addition, this analysis demonstrates that business registers play an increasingly important part in e-Government solutions. Aimed at integrating services, e-Government solutions build on information sharing. This underscores the importance of business registers as master data sources. This analysis is based on data from the following sources: a 2011 survey of 41 business registers conducted by the Bronnoysund register centre in cooperation with the World Bank Group; case studies undertaken in 2011 in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Italy, Vietnam, and Norway; the 2011 World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC) doing business report; the 2011 World Bank Group study of ICT solutions in 34 company registers; the 2011 European commerce registers forum report; and the International Council On Archives (CIA) factbook
    DOI: 10.1596/27096
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    Municipal Solid Waste Management : Opportunities for Russia (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Municipal solid waste (MSW) management system is one of the key components of a country's overall environmental and resource efficiency framework. Inefficient MSW treatment in Russia today is causing negative environmental impact, and results in suboptimal use of raw materials and energy. If Russia optimized its MSW management policy and implemented modern technologies, by 2025 it could fully shift towards environmentally friendly MSW management system and recover up to 45 percent of waste. As a result, by 2025 more than 200 metric tons of MSW would be recovered to raw materials and energy instead of landfilling. This would require investing up to 40 billion and would generate additional 2 billion in revenues from recoverable fractions
    DOI: 10.1596/27102
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    Why Banks in Emerging Markets Are Increasingly Providing Non-financial Services to Small and Medium Enterprises (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Banks in emerging markets are increasingly providing non-financial services to their SME clients, typically consisting of information sharing, training and consultancy. This study, published by IFC in partnership with the Austrian Government, is the first to explore reasons behind this trend, finding that banks' key motivations include attracting and retaining customers, and strengthening portfolio quality. The report consists of an overview followed by case studies of three banks, namely Tark Ekonomi Bankasa (TEB), Standard Chartered Bank (SCB), and ICICI Bank. It is estimated that there are 365 to 445 million formal and informal micro, small, and medium enterprises, with a subset of 25 to 35 million formal SMEs, in the developing world. Of these, 70 percent do not use external financing from financial institutions, although they are in need of it. Approximately 85 percent suffer from credit constraints
    DOI: 10.1596/27115
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    Estimating Employment Effects of Powerlinks Transmission Limited Project in India and Bhutan (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2003 International Finance Corporation (IFC) committed a loan of US
    DOI: 10.1596/26713
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    Assessment of the private health sector in the Republic of Congo (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821397052 , 0821397079 , 9780821397053 , 9780821397077
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 109 p) , ill
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Investment climate in health series
    Uniform Title: Étude sur le secteur privé de la santé en République du Congo. 〈engl.〉
    Keywords: Medical care Needs assessment ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Medical care Needs assessment ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Health Care Sector ; Private Sector ; Medical care ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Health Care Sector ; Private Sector
    Abstract: This country assessment is part of a set of studies planned in order to provide a better understanding of how to improve the business environment in which the private sector operates in Congo and other African countries. The assessment was conducted in order to establish a baseline of information, to help with political decision-making and provide market information. The private health sector assessment in the Republic of Congo provides a diagnosis of the nature and the effectiveness of the interface between the public and private sectors, establishes a dialogue on policy with stakeholders, and makes recommendations for reform that would bolster public and private involvement. The methodology is based on a supply and demand approach to identify market, policy and institutional barriers, and options for reducing these barriers by changing policies and initiatives. The information pertaining to demand reveals how users perceive private providers and their potential. The information pertaining to supply gives a better understanding of the role that private providers play and the challenges they encounter. The institutional information shows how Congo's institutions have facilitated or hampered the private participation. The study methodology includes the following aspects: (i) presentation of the general context of the private health sector in Congo, (ii) multidimensional analysis of demand, (iii) multidimensional analysis of supply, and (iv) analysis of institutional context. Options for action presented in this report include (i) policy and governance initiatives, (ii) regulatory initiatives, (iii) incentive initiatives, and (iv) concrete measures for public-private partnerships (PPP) in the health sector
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9705-3
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  • 80
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    Doing business 2013 : smarter regulations for small and medium-size enterprises (2012)
    Washington, D. C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821396153 , 9780821396155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 270 p) , ill, col. charts , 28 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Doing business 2013
    Keywords: Business enterprises Government policy ; Commercial law ; Comparative economics ; Industrial management ; Trade regulation ; Trade regulation Law and legislation ; Business enterprises Government policy ; Commercial law ; Comparative economics ; Industrial management ; Trade regulation ; Trade regulation Law and legislation
    Abstract: Tenth in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 185 economies, Doing Business 2013 measures regulations affecting 11 areas of everyday business activity: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, closing a business, and employing workers. The report updates all indicators as of June 1, 2012, ranks economies on their overall "ease of doing business", and analyzes reforms to business regulation -- identifying which economies are strengthening their business environment the most. The Doing Business reports illustrate how reforms in business regulations are being used to analyze economic outcomes for domestic entrepreneurs and for the wider economy. This year marks the tenth anniversary of the global Doing Business report. Doing Business is a flagship product by the World Bank and IFC that garners worldwide attention on regulatory barriers to entrepreneurship. More than 60 economies use the Doing Business indicators to shape reform agendas and monitor improvements on the ground. In addition, the Doing Business data has generated over 870 articles in peer-reviewed academic journals since its inception. This year's report includes two new economies: Barbados and Malta
    Note: Cover: 'Comparing business regulations for domestic firms in 185 countries, 10th edition
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9615-5
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  • 81
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    Policy Note on the Business Environment for Inclusive Business Models (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This policy note has two ...
    DOI: 10.1596/27232
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  • 82
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    Global Analysis of General Trade and Operational Licensing (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper examines the general purpose licensing imposed by central or local authorities, and the need to eliminate unnecessary licensing regulations imposed on businesses. This paper does not address the issue of reform of sector-specific or professional licensing regulation, but provides criteria and tools for identifying unnecessary licensing regulations, and their elimination or, in some instances, for changing licensing regulations to free notifications. Indeed, this paper argues that a simplified review of licensing regimes that identifies unnecessary licensing saves energy and resources for well-balanced reform of remaining licensing regulations, eventually providing better protection for the public at large and a more enabling business environment. This paper is primarily oriented towards reform practitioners from governments that intend to reform their business environments; development agencies; donor-funded projects; practitioners of licensing reforms; and others interested in improving state and local governance. This paper is divided into three parts: (1) overview of licensing practices that provides common definitions of licensing, analysis of justified licensing regimes with focus on criteria for their justification, and theoretical overview of unjustified and questionable licenses; (2) analysis of commonly declared functions of unjustified licenses that provides insight into the nature of these licenses and their typology; and (3) four case studies that examine how unjustified licenses can be reformed with examples of unsuccessful, partially successful, and successful reform efforts. The analytical conclusions of this paper summarize criteria for unjustified licenses; describe lessons learned from the reform efforts; and provide a practical set of recommendations to the interested parties
    DOI: 10.1596/27095
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  • 83
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    Strengthening Latin American Corporate Governance : The Role of Institutional Investors (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264116054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strengthening Latin American corporate governance
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Institutioneller Investor ; Lateinamerika ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Lateinamerika ; Corporate Governance ; Institutioneller Anleger
    Abstract: This report reflects long-term, in-depth discussion and debate by participants in the Latin American Roundtable on Corporate Governance. It seeks to encourage the emergence of active and informed owners as an important lever for influencing better corporate governance, adapted to the Latin American context.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264116054-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 84
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    Rebuilding Business and Investment in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Sierra Leone's devastating 11-year civil war destroyed much of its infrastructure, and left its economy in tatters. In 2004, two years after the end of the war, Sierra Leone asked the investment climate (IC) advisory services of the World Bank Group to help create a better business and investment climate that will lay a foundation for the country's future economic growth. Answering the call, the World Bank Group's IC advisory services partnered with the United Kingdom's (UK's) Department for International Development (DFID) to design a program to help Sierra Leone improve its business climate, encourage job creation, and spur investment. The result of this partnership was the removing administrative barriers to investment (RABI) program, which ran from 2004 to 2010. RABI pioneered a collaborative approach by working closely with the government, local institutions, and the private sector to implement a comprehensive, integrated agenda that focused on reforms in the following four areas: reducing barriers to businesses operating in the formal sector by simplifying new business registration.; streamlining tax administration, reforming tax policy, and supporting the national revenue authority to simplify taxes; creating a platform for effective and constructive dialogue between the government and the private sector in focal areas such as financial sector reform, access to land, and overall improvements in the investment climate, and supporting reform in those areas; and building and developing an effective investment and trade facilitation structure and promoting Sierra Leone as a vibrant and desirable location for business, especially in the tourism and agribusiness sectors. The RABI program was innovative and responsive, conducting rapid diagnostics, proposing integrated solutions, and moving quickly into implementation with support staff on the ground. The program was also one of the first of its kind to operate in a conflict-affected country, which demand specialized and targeted support solutions
    DOI: 10.1596/28421
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  • 85
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    Women, Business and the Law 2012 : Removing Barriers to Economic Inclusion (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Women, business and the law focuses on this critical piece of the puzzle, objectively highlighting differentiations on the basis of gender in 141 economies around the world, covering six areas: accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, providing incentives to work, building credit and going to court. Women, business and the law describes regional trends and shows how economies are changing across these six areas, tracking governments' actions to expand economic opportunities for women. For men and women throughout the developing world, the chance to start and run a business or get a good job is the surest hope for a way out of poverty. It also requires good business regulation, suited to the purpose, streamlined and accessible, so that the opportunity to build a business or have a good job is dependent not on connections, wealth or power, but on an individual's initiative and ability. The doing business report has led the way in providing data to countries about creating a sounder and more streamlined business environment. Women, Business, and the Law 2012 are the second in this series of reports. This edition retains the same basic structure of the 2010 pilot edition, while significantly expanding the depth of data covered. While the number of topics covered is the same, there has been a significant expansion of the data collected within these topics, thus addressing some of the initial shortcomings of the pilot edition. The number of economies covered has also been expanded from 128 to 141
    DOI: 10.1596/27444
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  • 86
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    Avoiding the Fiscal Pitfalls of Subnational Regulation : How to Optimize Local Regulatory Fees to Encourage Growth (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Since investment climate reforms in developing countries started gaining traction in the 1990s, most efforts have focused on issues at the national level, achieving varying degrees of success for reasons that are relatively well understood. This handbook provides an overview of efforts and achievements in subnational investment climate reforms. It is organized as follows. Chapter 2 reviews a number of countries experiences with subnational reforms, noting both success stories and disappointments and pointing toward lessons learned. Chapter 3 sets out the basic principles of subnational revenue, including business taxation. Chapter 4 describes sound licensing practices for subnational governments, including establishing licensing fees. Chapter 5 provides recommendations for subnational reform projects where both the regulatory authority and taxation require attention, which is the most common situation. Finally, the Appendix offers nine case studies covering subnational reform efforts in the following countries: Canada (British Columbia), The Russian Federation, China, Kenya, Tanzania, Peru (Lima), The Balkans (Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina), Tajikistan, and Zambia
    DOI: 10.1596/27217
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  • 87
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    Regulatory Capacity Review : East African Community (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Institutional and Governance Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The regulatory capacity review of the East African Community (EAC) focuses on the capacities of the EAC institutional framework to develop, implement, and sustain the efficient, transparent, and market-based regulatory system that is needed to achieve the economic benefits of the EAC common market. This report argues that the EAC institutions will be successful in implementing the common market only if they safeguard the quality of regulatory practices. This is a highly pragmatic and operational agenda. Quality principles can be applied only if they are defined and institutionalized into the machinery of policy making. The idea is that, just as fiscal management can increase social welfare by better allocating resources, so can regulatory governance
    DOI: 10.1596/27791
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  • 88
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    Sector Licensing Studies : Mining Sector (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mining, Oil and Gas
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report is intended to provide guidance on best practices in mining licensing, based on examples from low, middle and high income countries in Africa, Asia, North America, and South America. It is not a 'how-to guide' or a licensing implementation toolkit, but rather identifies certain common features of successful mining licensing regimes worldwide that other national or sub-national jurisdictions might usefully incorporate in new mining laws and regulations or revisions or existing ones. The case studies and other examples of good and bad practice are intended to provide a cross-section by geography and by income level, and they demonstrate that the prevalence of good and bad practices is not simply a function of income level. Tanzania, one of the poorest countries in the world, has in many respects a better licensing regime than either South Africa or the U.S. State of Wisconsin. In considering these complex issues, it has proven difficult to confine the discussion purely to questions of licensing. Discussion of licensing invariably invokes reference to overall policy and investment climate issues, environmental protection, labor law, taxation, national and sub-national jurisdiction, land tenure, and much more. This report makes no attempt to address all of these in detail but refers to them in reference to their interactions with and effect on, licensing itself. Far more detailed research on mineral policy, taxation, investment climate, and other issues has been carried out, some of it referred to in this report and cited in the footnotes and bibliography
    DOI: 10.1596/27787
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  • 89
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    Business Registration Reform Case Study : Norway (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Abstract: Sustainable economic growth and reduction of poverty require a suitable framework of good governance. A register solution that works efficiently and offers reliable business information is an essential part of such a framework. To ensure efficiency and simplification in business start-ups, a well-functioning register solution has several beneficial effects. It encourages entrepreneurship, improves access to loans, generates more jobs, makes it easier to comply with rules, and reduces administrative burdens, thus increasing productivity. In a broader perspective, this helps attract investors, boost the economy in general, and reduce poverty. Implementation of good governance has revealed a general need to enhance transparency and integrity standards in public administrations and private entities. Availability of official, high-quality business information is crucial in this context. By granting the legal identity of a business, most register solutions go a step further. In doing so, they increase the predictability of economic interaction and provide contractual partners with core protection against abuse. This also reduces the costs of resolving disputes and leads to greater judicial fairness because of faster contract enforcement. Moreover, improved transparency contributes to more effective tracing of financial crime and therefore constitutes a means to prevent and discourage financial crime in general. In the Norwegian register solution, the aim of enhancing transparency is strongly interlinked with the objective of using public business information efficiently and reducing reporting obligations for businesses. Information sharing is an important building block in this strategy. This case study describes how reforms aimed at simplifying and streamlining business registration were implemented in Norway. It is based on desk research and interviews
    DOI: 10.1596/31026
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 90
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    Yemen Country Profile 2010 (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Enterprise Surveys
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The enterprise surveys focus on the many factors that shape the business environment. These factors can be accommodating or constraining for firms and play an important role in whether a country will prosper or not. An accommodating business environment is one that encourages firms to operate efficiently. The enterprise surveys are conducted by the World Bank and its partners across all geographic regions and cover small, medium, and large companies. The surveys are administered to a representative sample of firms in the non-agricultural formal private economy. The enterprise surveys collect a wide array of qualitative and quantitative information through face to face interviews with firm managers and owners regarding the business environment in their countries and the productivity of their firms. The enterprise survey is useful for both policymakers and researchers. The surveys are repeated over time to track changes and benchmark the effects of reforms on firm's performance
    DOI: 10.1596/27421
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  • 91
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    Sustainable Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa : Investment Practitioner Views of Sustainable Investment in Private Equity and Asset Management in South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Sustainable investment (SI) has a strong niche foothold in Sub-Saharan Africa, anchored in the region's largest investment market, South Africa. Yet more work is needed, at policy and portfolio levels, to grow this investment theme. This report recommends measures to expand SI in Sub-Saharan Africa. It forecasts that over the next five years there will be considerable growth of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations applied to investment in South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria. While these three countries form the basis of the study, the lion's share of data and observations emerged from South Africa, which is home to the continent's most developed capital markets
    DOI: 10.1596/27446
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  • 92
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    Fostering Women's Economic Empowerment through Special Economic Zones : Comparative Analysis of Eight Countries and Implications for Governments, Zone Authorities and Businesses (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This global report examines the opportunity for special economic zones to promote women's economic empowerment and boost zone and enterprise competitiveness in developing countries. The research covers Bangladesh, China, Costa Rica, Egypt, El Salvador, Jordan, Kenya, and the Philippines. The study focuses on women's economic empowerment in the context of zones at three levels: (i) fair employment and working conditions for female employees; (ii) equal access to opportunities for professional advancement; and (iii) investment opportunities for female entrepreneurs. The study also examines gender-friendly policies and practices that support these three main goals, which include a wide range of options around laws, regulations, labor policies, gender-sensitive professional development programs, family support mechanisms, women's health programs, and supplier diversity and capacity-building initiatives. This study establishes the business case for investments in women's economic empowerment in SEZs, and identifies good-practice examples of recommended enablers to address this investment opportunity. Enablers are defined as efforts to counteract the negative impact of the obstacles women face in economic participation, and can include policies and programs at the government, zone, and enterprise level. The study provides background, evidence of challenges and success stories, comprehensive recommendations, and a suite of tools and tips to implement the recommendations successfully
    DOI: 10.1596/27441
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    Solar Lighting for the Base of the Pyramid : Overview of an Emerging Market (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report presents an overview of current and projected market trends for off-grid lighting. It was commissioned and coordinated by Lighting Africa,a joint initiative from IFC and the World Bank.The report provides a snapshot of the off-grid lighting market and provides industry level data and analysis on key trends. It relies on the inputs ofa broad range of industry experts, manufacturers, distributors, scientists, marker researchers, and NGO leaders worldwide who contributed theirviews, time, and advice to the preparation of this document. This included interviews with over 70 solar market players in 10 African markets, anda range of lighting product manufacturers worldwide. The report will be updated every two years. A key component of the Lighting Africa landscape is the market for solar portable lights, which covers a range of lighting needs from individual tasks to general household lighting. This report presents a snapshot of this market and provides industry-level data and analysis on key trends. Excerpts from this report were used to establish a common foundation for the discussions at the Lighting Africa conference on May 18-20, 2010, and the full document is designed to be a reference point for futurefact-based analysis of the market opportunities for off-grid lighting. It should be noted that Lighting Africa is technology-neutral, but has assembled this report with a focus on solar-based lighting products, as this is a dominant and fast-growing sector of the off-grid space deserving lighting industry, donor, and private sector investor attention. The report relies on the input of a broad range of industry experts, manufacturers, distributors, and NGOs, including interviews with over 70 solar market players in 10 African markets and a dozen lighting product manufacturers worldwide. It will be updated every two years. We welcome your feedback and support in thiseffort and encourage you to reach out to the Lighting Africa team with your questions and feedback
    DOI: 10.1596/28423
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    Business Environment in Belarus 2010 : Survey of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report has been developed by the international Finance Corporation (IFC) and summarizes findings from a recent study of the business environment for small and medium-sized enterprises and individual entrepreneurs in Belarus. The survey and report have been conducted as part of the second phase of the 'business enabling environment in Belarus' activity supported by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). The format of this report does not cover all factors that shape and influence existing business environment. Thus, the report is limited in scope, with special attention to the consequences of the economic crisis for small and medium-sized businesses; and the main focus devoted to selected groups of business-related administrative procedures. The report covers three groups of administrative procedures that the majority of small have to undergo: 1) licensing; 2) permits; and 3) inspections
    DOI: 10.1596/27887
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  • 95
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    Survey of Corporate Governance Practice in the Kyrgyz Republic (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group is the biggest global development institute focusing its activities on the private sector in developing and transition economies. The IFC creates opportunities for improving the quality of life and reducing poverty. The IFC Corporate Governance Project was launched in 2008 to assist joint stock companies (JSC ) in the Kyrgyz Republic to improve their corporate governance, as well as to strengthen capacity of JSC s for attracting investment. This project is the result of a logical extension of the IFC Corporate Governance Program in Central Asia launched in Kazakhstan in 2006 and in Tajikistan in 2007. The project aims to improve corporate governance practices in JSC s including banks. As part of the project, the project team works to involve in governmental working groups in legislative and enforcement reform in the area of corporate governance in the Kyrgyz Republic. To raise awareness of the population on issues relating to corporate governance, the project conducts the campaigns to inform the wider public of the latest trends in improving corporate governance practices. This IFC Central Asia Corporate Governance Project is supported by the Netherlands-IFC Partnership Program
    DOI: 10.1596/26127
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    Strategic Community Investment : A Good Practice Handbook for Companies Doing Business in Emerging Markets (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This handbook updates and expands upon the learning in IFC's 2000 community development resource guide entitled, Investing in People: Sustaining Communities through Improved Business Practice. It was produced in response to demand from companies for updated how-to guidance and current good practice approaches. Companies around the world engage in community investment efforts as a way to promote local development and benefit stakeholders in their areas of operations. For the private sector, effective community investment programs can help companies gain a social license to operate, access land, reduce project and reputational risks, boost productivity, meet government requirements or global standards, and/or successfully compete for the next venture. The aim of this handbook is to help IFC client companies and the wider private sector operating in emerging markets to think strategically about how they can support community investment programs that are successful, sustainable, and consistent with their business objectives. The handbook is meant for use by anyone who is interested in developing a company-supported community investment program or improving the performance of an existing one. The content of the handbook is organized around seven key areas comprising a comprehensive strategic planning framework for community investment. To help users with practical application, the Handbook is also supplemented by additional tools and information which are included in the tools section or listed under useful references
    DOI: 10.1596/27842
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    Policy Framework Paper on Business Licensing Reform and Simplification (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper includes an overall introduction to the uses (and abuses) of business licenses, and to the way business licensing reforms can be organized. It also provides a broad overview and framework for licensing reforms. This paper is supported by more detailed case studies of licensing reform in particular sectors, and other guidance for facilities and field operations. This includes a detailed manual on 'how to' review and reform licenses and also information about how to apply effective and insightful Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) to licensing reviews and reforms. Part one of this paper provides a contextual overview of key issues associated with government regulation. The rationale for government regulation (including licensing) is discussed, along with a description of the benefits and features of good regulatory design. Part two discusses the features of business licenses, the potential advantages and disadvantages of licensing and a discussion of the use of licensing fees and charges. Part three provides an overview of 'how to' reform business licenses and licensing systems. It summarizes broad approaches to reform, such as using a comprehensive 'top-down' approach to reviewing the stock of existing licenses, or where appropriate using a more targeted approach which focuses on particular types or categories of licenses. Part four of this paper focuses on M&E of licensing reform and simplification programs. This includes developing an M&E framework and measuring the significance and effects (e.g., the frequency and administrative burdens) generated by different types of licenses
    DOI: 10.1596/27885
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulatory Capacity Review of Uganda (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Institutional and Governance Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Regulatory reform has emerged as an important policy area in developing countries. For reforms to be beneficial, regulatory regimes need to be transparent, coherent, and comprehensive. They must establish appropriate institutional frameworks and liberalized business regulations; enforce competition policy and law; and open external and internal markets to trade and investment. This report analyses the institutional set-up and use of regulatory policy instruments in Uganda. It is one of five reports prepared on countries in East and Southern Africa (the others are on Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Zambia), and represents an attempt to apply assessment tools and the framework developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in its work on regulatory capacity and performance to developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/27869
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making It Work : 'RIA Light' for Developing Countries (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report is an output of the Better Regulation for Growth Program between the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and IC, the Investment Climate Advisory Services of the World Bank Group. The reports identifies a set of minimum requirements for a well-functioning Ria light system that is tailored to the requirements of developing countries. Embracing the overall objectives and relevance of RIA, the paper explores the fundamental set of building blocks and activities required to establish and maintain a RIA light system, taking into account what it is considered as good practice. The paper argues that the following five basic criteria have to be in place for a functioning RIA system, which is referred to as "RIA light": 1) political commitment to establish and operate an effective and self sustaining RIA process; 2) a unit or group of regulatory reformers - preferably based in a central area of government - which oversees, comments and reports on the quality of regulatory proposals before decisions are made about regulation; 3) clear and consistently applied criteria and rules employed to screen regulatory proposals; 4) a transparent regulatory policy development process, which includes consultation with stakeholders; and 5) a capacity building program, involving preparation of guidelines; training of officials preparing RIA and facilitating the required cultural changes, and establishing monitoring, evaluation and reporting systems
    DOI: 10.1596/27878
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Better Regulation for Growth : Governance Frameworks and Tools for Effective Regulatory Reform (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Institutional and Governance Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Regulatory reform has emerged as an important policy area in developing countries. For reforms to be beneficial, regulatory regimes need to be transparent, coherent, and comprehensive. They must establish appropriate institutional frameworks and liberalized business regulations; enforce competition policy and law; and open external and internal markets to trade and investment. This report examines the institutional set-up for and use of regulatory policy instruments in Zambia. It is one of five reports prepared on countries in East and Southern Africa (the others are on Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Tanzania). The report is based on a review of public documents prepared by the government, donors, and the private sector, and on a limited number of interviews with key institutions and individuals
    DOI: 10.1596/27866
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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