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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (80)
  • München UB  (1)
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  • Englisch  (80)
  • OECD International Transport Forum  (52)
  • Patrinos, Harry Anthony  (28)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (27 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Angrist, Noam Human Capital and Climate Change
    Schlagwort(e): Bildung ; Klimawandel ; Humankapital ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Verbrauchereinstellung ; Politische Einstellung ; Wahlverhalten ; Umweltökonomik ; EU-Staaten ; Climate Change ; Compulsory Education Laws ; Compulsory Schooling ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Environmental Curriculum ; Human Capital ; Voting
    Kurzfassung: Addressing climate change requires individual behavior change and voter support for pro-climate policies, yet surprisingly little is known about how to achieve these outcomes. This paper estimates causal effects of additional education on pro-climate outcomes using new compulsory schooling law data across 16 European countries. It analyzes effects on pro-climate beliefs, behaviors, policy preferences, and novel data on voting for green parties-a particularly consequential outcome to combat climate change. Results show a year of education increases pro-climate beliefs, behaviors, most policy preferences, and green voting, with voting gains equivalent to a substantial 35% increase
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (17 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Patrinos, Harry Anthony The Longer Students Were Out of School, the Less they Learned
    Schlagwort(e): Covid-19 Pandemic ; Education ; Education and Society ; Emergency Remote Learning ; Learning Loss ; Quality Of Remote Teaching ; School Closure ; Vaccination and Education
    Kurzfassung: COVID-19 led to school closures and emergency remote learning systems. It is feared that students learned less when they were remote. This paper analyzes school closures during the pandemic using a unique data base. The determinants of the duration of school closures estimates were used to instrument school closures - stringency of lockdown and vaccination - and causally estimate the impact of duration on learning. It is estimated that for every week that schools were closed, learning levels declined by almost 1 percent of a standard deviation. This means that a 20 week closure, for example, would reduce learning outcomes by 0.20 standard deviation, almost one year of schooling
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (25 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Iqbal, Syedah Aroob Learning during the Pandemic: Evidence from Uzbekistan
    Schlagwort(e): COVID-10 Impacts ; COVID-19 Pandemic ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Digital Divide ; Education ; Learning Loss ; No Learning Loss ; School Closures ; Social Inequality
    Kurzfassung: School closures induced by the COVID-19 pandemic led to concerns about student learning. This paper evaluates the effect of school closures on student learning in Uzbekistan, using a unique dataset that allows assessing change in learning over time. The findings show that test scores in math for grade 5 students improved over time by 0.29 standard deviation despite school closures. The outcomes among students who were assessed in 2019 improved by an average of 0.72 standard deviation over the next two years, slightly lower than the expected growth of 0.80 standard deviation. The paper explores the reasons for no learning loss
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (33 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Patrinos, Harry Anthony An Analysis of COVID-19 Student Learning Loss
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Coronavirus Impact On Learning ; COVID-19 Student Learning Loss ; Education ; Education Disruption ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Educational Inequality ; Human Capital Accumulation ; Learning Inequality ; Pandemic Education Impact ; Primary Education ; Remote Learning Quality ; School Lockdowns ; Systematic Education Review
    Kurzfassung: COVID-19 caused significant disruption to the global education system. Early reviews of the first wave of lockdowns and school closures suggested significant learning loss in a few countries. A more recent and thorough analysis of recorded learning loss evidence documented since the beginning of the school closures between March 2020 and March 2022 finds even more evidence of learning loss. Most studies observed increases in inequality where certain demographics of students experienced more significant learning losses than others. But there are also outliers, countries that managed to limit the amount of loss. This review aims to consolidate all the available evidence and documents the empirical findings. Thirty-six robust studies were identified, the majority of which find learning losses on average amounting to 0.17 of a standard deviation, equivalent to roughly a one-half year's worth of learning. These findings confirm that learning loss is real and significant, even compared to the first year of the pandemic. Further work is needed to increase the quantity of studies produced, and to ascertain the reasons for learning loss and in a few cases mitigation of loss
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 76
    Serie: Safer city streets
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents seven case studies of cities that are implementing data-driven road safety policies. It highlights relevant experiences aimed at reducing the number of traffic casualties and protecting vulnerable road users in cities. The case studies from Barcelona, Bogota, Buenos Aires, Fortaleza, London, New York and Rotterdam illustrate the diverse approaches to better understand road crashes and to prevent road traffic deaths and serious injuries.
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 98 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 85
    Serie: Corporate partnership board report
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the safety aspects associated with the increasing use of e-scooters and other forms of micromobility in cities. The rise of micromobility challenges existing regulations for urban traffic and forces policy makers to rethink them. The report considers a range of actions to make urban traffic with micromobility safe, including in street layout, vehicle design and vehicle operation, user education and enforcement of rules. It also asks whether a shift towards micromobility can have potential safety benefits.
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  • 7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 191 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 78
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Industry and Services ; Estonia ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report reviews strategic planning in Estonia’s transport sector to support the development of a Transport and Mobility Master Plan 2021-30 for Estonia. It assesses ten key aspects of transport policy with recommendations for reform. The impact of selected proposed reforms are examined under different scenarios modelled for this study.
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 93 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 74
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis reports
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Share Economy ; Elektromobilität ; Simulation ; Ballungsraum ; Lyon ; Frankreich ; Transport ; France ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines how new shared services could change mobility in Lyon, France. It presents simulations for five different scenarios in which different shared transport options replace privately owned cars in the Lyon metropolitan area. The simulations offer insights on how shared mobility can reduce congestion, lower CO2 emissions and free public space. The analysis also looks at quality of service, cost and citizens’ access to opportunities. The interaction of shared mobility services with mass public transport and optimal operational conditions for the transition are also examined. The findings provide decision makers with evidence to weigh opportunities and challenges created by new shared transport services. The report is part of a series of studies on shared mobility in different urban and metropolitan contexts.
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 75
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Transportgewerbe ; Klimapolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Argentinien ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviews opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from Argentina’s transport sector. It also identifies the main challenges for that objective, specifically in freight transport. Actions taken at different levels of government are assessed and the impact of policies focused on other priorities - such as lowering logistic costs - is discussed. The paper also highlights what data on transport emissions are available for Argentina and which tools government agencies use for examining them.
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 79
    Serie: Safer city streets
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report tracks the progress in reducing the number of road traffic fatalities and serious injuries in cities since 2010. It presents traffic safety data collected in 48 cities participating in the ITF Safer City Streets network and compares urban with national road safety trends. It provides indicators for the risk of traffic death for different road user groups, thereby enhancing the evaluation, monitoring and benchmarking of road safety outcomes.
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 87
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
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  • 12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 92 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 80
    Serie: Decarbonising transport
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Transport ; Industry and Services ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses future energy-use in the shipping sector of the Nordic region. It centres on pathways that could allow the Nordic shipping sector to meet energy and environmental policy goals, including energy diversification, cutting air pollution and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It details the feasible technology options currently available, the status of their adoption and government plans aimed at influencing future developments in this sector. Finally, it assesses implications for policy making for a rapid transition to cleaner maritime shipping. The Nordic region is pioneering efforts to reduce the environmental impact of maritime shipping, making the findings of this report relevant around the globe.
    Anmerkung: References page 74-88 , Adobe Acrobat Reader.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 77
    Serie: Decarbonising transport
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Transport ; Industry and Services ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report reviews progress on technical standards for heavy vehicles that could enable trucks and buses with zero or near-zero emissions. It focuses on plug-in and fuel cell electric vehicles that use technologies at the forefront of green and inclusive economic development. It includes information on technical standards on charging and refueling infrastructure, and identifies remaining barriers and opportunities for their future development. The report offers valuable insights for all stakeholders involved in the transition to carbon-free mobility and clean energy.
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 81
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Nutzfahrzeug ; Elektrofahrzeug ; Fahrzeugflotte ; Environment ; Transport ; Industry and Services ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents policies and private sector initiatives for the electrification of urban delivery vehicles. Electric vehicles have low operational costs and the high mileage of delivery vehicles maximises net savings from converting a fleet. Insights on the total cost of ownership and the environmental footprint of electric fleets highlight broader benefits of electrification programmes for commercial vehicles.
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 89 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 86
    Serie: Corporate partnership board report
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the climate impact of personal and shared electric kick-scooters, bicycles, e-bikes, electric mopeds, as well as car-based ride-sharing services. Users in cities across the globe are rapidly adopting new mobility forms, helped by digital connectivity and electrification technologies. New urban mobility services are often sold as “green” solutions. But what is their real impact on energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions? This study analyses the life-cycle performance of a range of new vehicles and services based on their technical characteristics, operation and maintenance, and compares it with that of privately owned cars and public transport. Finally, the report identifies solutions to make new mobility a useful part of the urban transport mix while helping to reduce energy use and limit climate change.
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  • 16
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9387
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Melianova, Ekaterina Returns to Education in the Russian Federation: Some new Estimates
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents new estimates of the returns to education in the Russian Federation using data from 1994 to 2018. Although the returns to schooling increased for a time, they are now much lower than the global average. Private returns to education are three times greater for higher education compared with vocational education, and the returns to education for females are higher than for males. Returns for females show an inverse U-shaped curve over the past two decades. Female education is a policy priority and there is a need to investigate the labor market relevance of vocational education. Higher education may have reached an expansion limit, and it may be necessary to investigate options for increasing the productivity of schooling
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Education Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9117
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Vicente Garcia Moreno Returns to Education in Azerbaijan: Some New Estimates
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper estimates private and social returns to investment in education in Azerbaijan, using the 2015 Azerbaijan Monitoring Survey for Social Welfare. The private rate of return to education is 6 percent; this is the first estimate of returns to schooling in Azerbaijan since 1995. The returns to schooling are 6 percent for men and 8 percent for women, even controlling for selection. In addition, the paper estimates the returns for higher education; for this level, the rate of return is 9 percent. Finally, using the full discount method, the private rate of return to tertiary education is 9 percent, and the social rate of return is 8 percent. One policy implication is to re-examine the funding of higher education and for its expansion
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Education Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9214
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
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  • 19
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9462
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Barrera-Osorio, Felipe Promoting Parental Involvement in Schools: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Parental involvement programs aim to increase school-and-parent communication and support children's overall learning environment. This paper examines the effects of low-cost, group-based parental involvement interventions in Mexico using data from two randomized controlled trials. The first experiment provided financial resources to parent associations. The second experiment provided information to parents about how to support their children's learning. Overall, the interventions induced different types of parental engagement in schools. The information intervention changed parenting behavior at home - with large effects among indigenous parents who have historically been discriminated and socially excluded - and improved student behavior in school. The grants did not impact parent or student behaviors. Notably, the paper does not find impacts of either intervention on educational achievement. To understand these 0 effects, the paper explores how social ties between parents and teachers evolved over the course of the two interventions. Parental involvement interventions led to significant changes in perceived trustworthiness between teachers and parents. The results suggest that parental involvement interventions can backfire if institutional rules are unclear about the expectations of parents and teachers as parents increase their involvement in schools
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  • 20
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9472
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Fasih, Tazeen Economic Crises and Returns to University Education in Middle-Income Countries: Stylized Facts and COVID-19 Projections
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper documents stylized facts on rates of returns to education during economic crises. It shows from three middle-income countries - Indonesia, Pakistan, and South Africa - that the rate of return to university education (versus secondary education) has increased during economic crises. Based on this stylized fact, the paper projects that the returns for university graduates may increase by at least one-quarter to one-third during the COVID-19 pandemic
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 67
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This reports benchmarks road safety performance for 72 urban areas, mostly in Europe, and illustrates governance solutions to improve urban road safety with case studies conducted in Lisbon (Portugal) and Riga (Latvia). The report proposes new road safety indicators to assess the level of risk for each mode of transport. It finds that a modal shift away from private motor vehicles could significantly enhance road safety in dense urban areas and deliver public health benefits associated with increased physical activity and improved air quality.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 22
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 70
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The shipping sector receives subsidies, tax breaks and other forms of financial support from governments. This report gives an overview of direct and indirect subsidies available to maritime transport in OECD countries and assesses whether they provide value for taxpayers’ money. Based on this, the report offers recommendations on how policy-makers can increase the effectiveness of maritime subsidies.
    Anmerkung: References page 63-69 , Adobe Acrobat Reader.
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 83
    Serie: Corporate partnership board report
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report explores how seamless data collection, analysis and sharing can unlock innovations in transport safety. Most interventions to improve transport safety are reactions to incidents. Connected vehicles, smartphone apps, ubiquitous sensors, data sharing and machine learning make proactive transport safety interventions possible and prevent crashes before they happen. Drawing on the Safe System approach, this report examines how transport stakeholders can make better decisions by using more relevant and timely data.
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 110 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 69
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report explores the impacts that the introduction of higher capacity vehicles has on road freight transport markets, modal shift, infrastructure and safety. It investigates how appropriate regulation together with ITS measures could be applied for relaxing the weight and dimension restrictions and allowing the use of these vehicles in specific geographical areas or on specific routes.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 66
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Accessibility of goods, jobs, services and other opportunities is a fundamental condition for ensuring the well-being of citizens. This report examines how accessibility indicators can be used to improve transport planning and investment with that objective in mind. It also identifies principles for accessibility-based decision making and discusses how accessibility indicators can be effectively operationalised.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 83 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 68
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents a new urban accessibility framework. It identifies which destinations can be reached on foot, by bicycle, public transport or car within a certain time (accessibility). It then measures how many destinations are close by (proximity). The comparison between accessible destinations and nearby destinations shows how well each transport mode performs (transport performance). These three indicators are calculated for destinations such as schools, hospitals, food shops, restaurants, people, recreational opportunities and green spaces in 121 cities in 30 European countries.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264649446
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: ITF roundtable reports no. 176
    Schlagwort(e): Transportzeit ; Verkehrsökonomik ; Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report revisits the rationale and methods for estimating the value of reductions in travel time. In doing so, it considers changes in the way people use time and specifically explores whether the value of time will fall towards zero as connected technologies allow a wide range of activities while travelling. The report also reviews evidence and methodologies to account for the utility derived from such activities, as well as implications for modelling, appraisal and policy planning. It summarises the findings of an ITF Roundtable held with 30 experts from 14 countries in September 2018 in Paris.
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  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 73
    Serie: Decarbonising transport
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Postsektor ; Kurierdienst ; Motorrad ; Elektrofahrzeug ; Südkorea ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Korea, Republic of ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report evaluates the costs and benefits of replacing postal delivery motorcycles with electric vehicles in eight Korean cities. It compares operating costs, safety performance, and environmental impacts based on data collected from a field trial with both vehicle types. In addition to the economic analysis, qualitative aspects are also discussed based on the findings of a focus group study. The results from the pilot programme provide an evidence base for policy initiatives in the delivery sector in Korea and beyond.
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 84
    Serie: Corporate partnership board report
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report seeks to open new perspectives for discussing and implementing transport innovation across the globe. It highlights solutions emanating from the Global South and encourages policy makers to look at them as sources of inspiration for innovation. It discusses benefits and challenges of implementing these solutions in the Global North and suggests opportunities for South-to-South exchange. This is the second installment of a two-part report and further investigates the ideas outlined in the first report Expanding Innovation Horizons: Learning from Transport Solutions in the Global South.
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  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 82
    Serie: Corporate partnership board report
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This study explores where automated decision-making systems impact transport activity, and how. More and more transport activity is influenced by algorithms. Automated decision-making is taking a hold in areas from health care and housing to media and mobility. In transport, algorithms are a core feature for services from public transport scheduling to routing apps, bicycle sharing to self-driving technology, parcel delivery to the dispatching of ride services. How can policy makers ensure mobility driven by algorithmic code supports societal objectives?
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  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 159 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 71
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses freight connectivity in Central Asia, focusing on Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It provides recommendations for improving connectivity and the policy processes required to achieve this. The report also offers advice on how regional co-ordination can improve freight efficiency and connectivity. The analysis, both qualitative and quantitative, covers questions related to hard infrastructure, policies and regulatory frameworks.
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  • 32
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264874862
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: ITF roundtable reports no. 180
    Schlagwort(e): Verkehrspolitik ; Regulierung ; Welt ; Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report outlines good practice for regulatory impact assessment (RIA) in transport. It describes the rationale and the benefits of RIA frameworks and offers guidance for the practical implemention of RIA in the transport sector. The report also contains recommendations for governments seeking to implement RIA within their jurisdictions.
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  • 33
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 72
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis reports
    Serie: Decarbonising transport
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Fahrzeugflotte ; Konsumentenpräferenzen ; Frankreich ; Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents a model that helps to better understand how consumers in France choose their cars. It presents the results for different scenarios for the future development of the French vehicle fleet and projections for related CO2 emissions to 2050. The model distinguishes conventional, plug-in hybrid, battery-electric and fuel cell cars. It looks at the privately-owned as well as company car fleets and considers non-monetary factors for vehicle choice. Among these are personal preferences, the availability of recharging infrastructure for electric vehicles, and policy incentives such as subsidies or preferential vehicle use rights. The methodology and the data used for this new passenger car fleet model are described in detail.
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  • 34
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    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Education Global Practice & Development Economics, Office of the Chief Economist
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8742
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Angrist, Noam Measuring Human Capital
    Schlagwort(e): 2000-2017 ; Humankapital ; Messung ; Lernen ; Schule ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Welt ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Students around the world are going to school but are not learning-an emerging gap in human capital formation. To understand this gap, this paper introduces a new data set measuring learning in 164 countries and territories. The data cover 98 percent of the world's population from 2000 to 2017. The data set will be publicly available and updated annually by the World Bank. The paper presents several stylized facts in a first application of the data: (a) although enrollment has increased worldwide, learning has stagnated; (b) girls outperform boys on learning-a positive gender gap-in contrast to a negative gender gap observed for schooling; (c) learning is associated with growth on a global scale; (d) associations with growth are heterogenous; and (e) human capital accounts for up to a third of cross-country income differences-a middle ground in the recent development accounting literature. These stylized facts demonstrate the potential of the data to reveal new insights into the relationship between human capital and economic development
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Education Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8866
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Patrinos, Harry Anthony The Changing Pattern of Returns to Education: What Impact Will This Have on Inequality?
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The pattern of economic rates of return to investments in education can help us to understand the benefits of schooling. It was common knowledge that the returns to education were highest for the primary level of education and lower for subsequent levels. Recent evidence suggests that the pattern has changed. Since the 1980s, the returns to schooling overall have increased. The returns to higher education have increased the most. The fact that the more educated have improved their position, despite an increase in their numbers, must mean that the demand for more educated workers has increased more than supply over time, causing an increase in the overall returns to schooling. Possible reasons include technological change favoring higher-order skills, increased coverage at lower levels of schooling, and the quality of schooling
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  • 36
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    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Education Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8789
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Patrinos, Harry Anthony Returns to Investment in Education: The Case of Turkey
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper estimates private and social returns to investment in education in Turkey, using the 2017 Household Labor Force Survey and alternative methodologies. The analysis uses the 1997 education reform of increasing compulsory education by three years as an instrument. This results in a private rate of return on the order of 16 percent for higher education and a social return of 10 percent. Using the number of children younger than age 15 in the household as an exclusion restriction, the analysis finds that returns to education for females are higher than those for males. Contrary to many findings in other countries, private returns to those working in the public sector are higher than those in the private sector, and private returns to those who followed the vocational track in secondary education are higher than those in the general academic track. The paper discusses the policy implications of the findings
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  • 37
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8874
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Garcia Moreno, Vicente A School-Based Management and Learning Outcomes: Experimental Evidence from Colima, Mexico
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: A school-based management program was implemented Mexico in 2001 and continued until 2014. This national program, Programa Escuelas de Calidad, was considered a key intervention to improve learning outcomes. In 2006, the national program was evaluated in the Mexican state of Colima, being the first experimental evaluation of the national program. All schools were invited to participate in the program; a random selection was performed to select the treatment and control groups among all the applicants. An intent-to-treat approach did not detect any impact on learning outcomes; a formal school-based management intervention plus a monetary grant was not enough to improve learning outcomes. First, the schools in the evaluation sample, control and treatment, were schools with high learning outcomes. Second, these schools had experienced some years of regular school-based management practices before the evaluation. A difference-in-difference design is used to identify heterogeneous effects of the program on learning outcomes. The difference-in-difference approach shows that the intensity of treatment increased test scores during the first year of the intervention
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 45
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Slovak Republic ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The ongoing development of Slovakia’s motorway network has prompted efforts to improve project selection and infrastructure governance more generally. This report reviews Slovakia’s approach to estimating motorway construction costs in the light of international practices. The accuracy of cost estimates at different project development stages affects the selection of projects, budget planning, or the bidding for the project. This report offers a broad range of measures that can advance the accuracy of estimates.
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  • 39
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 48
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Containerterminal ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Immissionsschutz ; Anreiz ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Welt ; Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report reviews port-based incentive schemes to reduce shipping emissions, such as environmentally differentiated port fees. Greenhouse gas emissions from shipping currently represent around 2.6% of total global emissions, but this share could more than triple by 2050. Ports have a crucial role to play in facilitating the reduction of shipping emissions, alongside the ship operators themselves. Which incentives are currently used? What are their impacts? How could positive effects be increased? The report also explores lessons learned that could inform international negotiations on the reduction of shipping greenhouse gas emissions.
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  • 40
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 52
    Serie: Corporate Partnership Board report
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines how advances in data science and encoding could improve transport. It investigates three linked and rapidly changing areas: First, it discusses the deployment of blockchain and other distributed ledger-based approaches, that record transactions efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way. Secondly, the study looks at open algorithms and other alternatives to traditional data-sharing. Finally, it reviews the development of a common data syntax for encoding mobility services.
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  • 41
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 60
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Flughafeninfrastruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Mexiko-Stadt ; Mexiko ; Transport ; Mexico ; Graue Literatur ; Fallstudie
    Kurzfassung: The success of Mexico City’s New International Airport will depend not least on the quality of access to the airport on the ground. This report reviews policies and planning controls for surface access at a selection of comparable airports in cities of OECD countries. It offers input for the Mexican Federal Government’s plans for infrastructure investments that will serve passengers, the airport workforce and the public by ensuring convenient, reliable airport journeys; supporting business travel for a productive Mexican economy; and by maintaining within acceptable bounds the airport’s impact on road congestion and related air pollution. This report was prepared in collaboration with the OECD’s Directorate for Public Governance.
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  • 42
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 49
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Flüssiggas ; Frachtschifffahrt ; Hafenanlagen ; Lagertank ; Japan ; Transport ; Japan ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The use of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a ship fuel is expected to increase significantly from its current marginal share in the coming years. This will require new facilities where ships can take on board the LNG. Japan is positioning itself as a potential hub in Asia for LNG refuelling. This study assesses the factors that will influence the realisation of that ambition.
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  • 43
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 93 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 64
    Serie: Decarbonising transport
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report identifies proven measures that decrease road freight’s CO2 emissions. Goods transport by road consumes around 50% of all diesel fuel and accounts for 80% of the global net increase in diesel use since 2000. Projections see road freight activity at least doubling to 2050, offsetting efficiency gains and increasing road freight CO2 emissions. The report highlights policy areas that need adjustment for effective decarbonisation of road freight and points to fields where more robust evidence through further research is needed. It collects insights held at a workshop organised by the International Transport Forum in June 2018 in Paris and features the results of a survey among experts.
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  • 44
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 54
    Serie: Corporate Partnership Board report
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report investigates the role of drones as part of the future transport mix. It specifically addresses the issues policy makers face in engaging with the emerging private drone sector. Drones have the potential to improve existing practices, for instance in the surveying of infrastructure. They also have innovative uses in areas such as freight delivery, passenger transport in both urban and rural areas, or in disaster relief. With the sector developing at a rapid pace, regulators will want to create frameworks for drone use that allow innovation while ensuring positive overall outcomes.
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 59
    Serie: Decarbonising transport
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 47
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines what would be needed to achieve zero CO2 emissions from international maritime transport by 2035. It assesses measures that can reduce shipping emissions effectively and describes possible decarbonisation pathways that use different combinations of these measures. In addition, it reviews under which conditions these measures could be implemented and presents concrete policy recommendations.
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  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 156 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 61
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Korea, Republic of ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report identifies the characteristics of the metropolitan transport authorities (MTAs) in the Barcelona, London and Paris areas that make them effective, and makes recommendations for the establishment of a new MTA in Korea’s capital region. It reviews governance arrangements and responsibilities for strategic planning, investment, data management, public transport services and the management of multi-modal transfer centres. Successfully managing mobility services in metropolitan areas is central to improving accessibility and to the well-being of their populations. The challenges faced include coordinating multiple government and non-government stakeholders, finding an institutional structure that meets the needs of both the urban-core and the larger commuting area, and striking a good balance between the powers of central government and local authorities. These challenges are particularly present in countries in the process of decentralisation. Successful MTAs give local authorities a prominent role in decision-making while maintaining a coherent larger scale vision in planning, policy-making and investment. Strong financial and technical capacity have proved critical.
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  • 48
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 50
    Serie: Decarbonising transport series
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses the impact of transport commitments made in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of the Paris Climate Agreement on national-level transport CO2 emissions. It contains an introduction to NDCs and provides an overview of economy-wide CO2reduction targets that were defined in these pledges. The methodology, developed specifically for this report, allows a sectoral assessment despite the often limited information regarding specific ambitions for transport and planned CO2mitigation measures.
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  • 49
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 53
    Serie: Corporate Partnership Board report
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 55
    Serie: Corporate Partnership Board report
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines how increasing automation of cars and trucks could affect road safety, and which security vulnerabilities will need to be addressed with the rise of self-driving vehicles. It applies the principles of the Safe System approach and relevance of Vision Zero for road safety to the wider discussion on vehicle automation. It also takes into consideration the security of the cyber-physical system associated with automated driving, including a definition of relevant system boundaries and future-proof minimum requirements for safety and security.
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  • 51
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 127 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 62
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses the impact of alliances on the maritime transport chain and its main stakeholders. Alliances have become a dominant feature of container shipping, with around 95% of the major East-West container trades covered by carriers that form part of three global alliances. The report discusses the impacts on competition and asks whether alliances bring benefits, and for whom. Finally, it presents policy options for governments based on the findings.
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  • 52
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 56
    Serie: Corporate Partnership Board report
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report discusses the street design and pricing implications of a large-scale introduction of ride-sharing services and other innovative mobility options in urban settings. It looks at the potential for a shift away from a model of the use of curb space focused on street parking to one that makes more flexible use of curb space for pick-up and drop-off zones for passengers and freight. The study presents the results of quantitative modelling of alternative curb-use scenarios and discusses their relative efficiency, contribution to wider policy objectives and implications on city revenues.
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 51
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report reviews international best practice of transport appraisal and considers how the existing policy frameworks can help governments strategically address regional challenges. The report is the product of the work undertaken by the International Transport Forum (ITF) at the OECD to inform the reform of the National Investment Plan of the Slovak Republic.
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  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 46
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Frachtschifffahrt ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Schweden ; Transport ; Sweden ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the factors that have put Sweden at the forefront of decarbonisation of maritime transport, and how other countries could learn from this success story. It details Sweden's efforts to decarbonise its shipping industry and sheds light on remaining challenges and potential solutions to achieve zero-carbon shipping.
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  • 55
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 63
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report reviews methods adopted in the United States and Canada for determining fairness and efficiency in rail markets and discusses their potential application in Mexico. It specifically examines how waybill and financial data are used in the economic regulation of railways and makes recommendations for establishing a data collection and analysis system suited to the Mexican railway system. Mexico has transformed its loss-making national railway into profitable concessions that have invested in infrastructure and carry growing volumes of freight. Some of the provisions agreed in the concession titles regarding interconnection and competition on specific links have not, however, developed as expected. A new regulatory agency was established in 2016/17 to address this and establish the capacity for the government to intervene effectively where necessary. A top priority for the Agencia Reguladora del Transporte Ferroviario de México is to develop a data collection and analysis system to understand rail markets in relation to issues of potential abusive pricing and reasonable conditions of access.
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  • 56
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    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 57
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 57
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 97 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 58
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Ireland ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines how new shared mobility services could change mobility in Ireland’s Greater Dublin Area. Simulations of eleven different shared transport scenarios show how such services could affect congestion, CO2 emissions and the use of public space. They also examine how such solutions might impact service quality, the cost of mobility, citizens’ access to opportunities and their use of public transport. The findings provide decision makers with evidence to properly weigh opportunities and challenges created by new forms of shared transport. The work is part of a series of studies on shared mobility in different urban and metropolitan contexts.
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  • 58
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 124 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 65
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report reviews government support measures for domestic air connectivity in Australia, Canada, Japan, Norway, Sweden and the United States. It analyses different approaches to providing regional connectivity in terms of their effectiveness in reaching government policy goals as well as value-for-money considerations. The study was commissioned by the United Kingdom’s Department for Transport.
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  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Education Global Practice Group
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8314
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Altinok, Nadir Global Data Set on Education Quality (1965-2015)
    Schlagwort(e): 1965 - 2015 ; Bildung ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Humankapital ; Panel ; Welt ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the largest globally comparable panel database of education quality. The database includes 163 countries and regions over 1965-2015. The globally comparable achievement outcomes were constructed by linking standardized, psychometrically-robust international and regional achievement tests. The paper contributes to the literature in the following ways: (1) it is the largest and most current globally comparable data set, covering more than 90 percent of the global population; (2) the data set includes 100 developing areas and the most developing countries included in such a data set to date-the countries that have the most to gain from the potential benefits of a high-quality education; (3) the data set contains credible measures of globally comparable achievement distributions as well as mean scores; (4) the data set uses multiple methods to link assessments, including mean and percentile linking methods, thus enhancing the robustness of the data set; (5) the data set includes the standard errors for the estimates, enabling explicit quantification of the degree of reliability of each estimate; and (6) the data set can be disaggregated across gender, socioeconomic status, rural/urban, language, and immigration status, thus enabling greater precision and equity analysis. A first analysis of the data set reveals a few important trends: learning outcomes in developing countries are often clustered at the bottom of the global scale; although variation in performance is high in developing countries, the top performers still often perform worse than the bottom performers in developed countries; gender gaps are relatively small, with high variation in the direction of the gap; and distributions reveal meaningfully different trends than mean scores, with less than 50 percent of students reaching the global minimum threshold of proficiency in developing countries relative to 86 percent in developed countries. The paper also finds a positive and significant association between educational achievement and economic growth. The data set can be used to benchmark global progress on education quality, as well as to uncover potential drivers of education quality, growth, and development
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  • 60
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8669
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Education Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 14 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8679
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 62
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8474
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Bentaouet Kattan, Raja Automation and Labor Market Outcomes: The Pivotal Role of High-Quality Education
    Schlagwort(e): Automatisierung ; Qualifikation ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Schulauswahl ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Overlapping Generations ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Automation will be a boon or a catastrophe depending on whom you listen to. This paper proposes an overlapping-generations model with endogenous school choice in which the quality of a country's education system determines how well skill supply can respond to increased demand from automation and subsequently whether automation will be beneficial or detrimental. In this sense, education quality in the model offers a bridge between the optimistic and pessimistic perspectives on automation. In testing the model's assumptions, the paper finds evidence that educational attainment, cognitive skills, and select noncognitive skills are associated with avoiding automation-prone occupations. Consistent with the model's predictions, census data indicate that countries have historically relied most on these types of occupations at middle-income status. The model and empirical findings suggest that it is middle-income countries that are most vulnerable to automation if their education systems are unable to affect cognitive and noncognitive skills sufficiently. As a result, automation may herald a much different growth model for developing countries: one in which developing these skills is central
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  • 63
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8592
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Patrinos, Harry Anthony Global Dataset on Education Quality: A Review and Update (2000-2017)
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the most expansive and current cross-country dataset on education quality. The database includes 164 countries/territories covering over 98 percent of the global population from 2000-2017. Of these countries, 111 are low or middleincome economies. Harmonized learning outcomes are produced using a conversion factor to compare international and regional standardized achievement tests. These tests include PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS, SACMEQ, LLECE and PASEC. In addition, this paper includes the Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) for the first time. This enables extension of the database substantially. This methodological update paves the way to include a series of assessments that are increasingly common in developing countries that are often excluded from large international assessments. The database includes mean scores and disaggregates the data by subject, level, and gender. This paper further presents a series of methodological improvements including measures of uncertainty, fixed conversion factors for greater comparability over time and year-by-year data
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  • 64
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 20 S., 830 KB) , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Serie: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum 2011-10
    Schlagwort(e): Verkehrspolitik ; Budgetrestriktion ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, both the private and public sectors face stringent constraints in funding for transport infrastructure investment and transport services. At the same time, economic recession highlights the social value of public support for disadvantaged users of transport services and more generally the importance of effective transport systems to efficient labour markets and access to jobs. This drives governments to focus anew on efficiency in the delivery of transport services and infrastructure investments and on efficient targeting of support for public transport. In developing economies these policy concerns are amplified by rapid urbanisation, which makes coordination of transport services across metropolitan areas imperative.
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  • 65
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 27 S., 977 KB)
    Serie: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum 2011-3
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. De meilleures réglementations économiques
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als De meilleures réglementations économiques
    Schlagwort(e): Verkehrssektor ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regulierung ; Good Governance ; Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift
    Kurzfassung: Good transport services contribute strongly to the productivity of an economy and extend the range of activities accessible to consumers. Good services require adequate infrastructure and reasonable usage conditions to that infrastructure. Much transport infrastructure is capital intensive and lumpy. Such cost structures imply that there will be few service providers. In some circumstances the structure of costs and technology is such that economic regulation is the best way to drive efficient outcomes. Achieving the right governance structures - including the question of when to regulate and how to regulate - is central to performance of the sector and the subject of this paper, which summarises discussions at a Roundtable held in December 2010.
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  • 66
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 45 S., 1,46 MB) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum 2011-14
    Schlagwort(e): Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Mexiko ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report describes the main challenges to urban travel in Mexico. We focus on some of the basic causes of urban transport problems, and we analyze some urban travel policies that could be considered good practices towards sustainable urban development. Mexico City is the emblematic case.
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  • 67
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 17 S., 788 KB) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum 2011-1
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. Améliorer la pratique de l'analyse coûts-bénéfices dans les transports
    Schlagwort(e): Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Verkehrsplanung ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift
    Kurzfassung: Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is widely recognized to be helpful, even indispensible, for making good decisions on what transport projects to fund. It essentially aims to figure out which projects offer the best value for money, one of the core criteria for making decisions. However, the practical relevance of cost-benefit analysis does not always live up to its appeal in principle. One problem is that there is disagreement about what to include in both the costs and the benefits side of the analysis, so that value for money is not always a fully transparent concept. A second problem is that value for money is only a partial criterion for decision-making, leading to disagreement about the relative importance of the results from CBA compared to other inputs into the decision-making process. Discussions at the Roundtable aimed to shed light on these conceptual problems by analysing the practice of CBA and comparing approaches to it in different countries. In short the aim was to identify a checklist of items that should be included in a socially relevant cost-benefit analysis, i.e. analysis that can be produced in reasonable time and at reasonable cost but is good enough to help resolve trade-offs.
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  • 68
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [S.l.]
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 29 S., 901 KB) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: [Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010,15]
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides evidence on and discussion of recent developments in global transport markets and analyzes what policies look most promising for stabilizing CO2- emissions from light-duty vehicles. In the aftermath of the economic crisis, recovery is uncertain and unevenly spread across the globe. This has potential impacts on global trade patterns and commodity flows, and hence on key freight transport flows. For the management of future greenhouse gas emissions from transport, our analysis strongly suggests that technologies to improve fuel economy and ultimately transform the energy basis of transport are the key, as there are very strong upward pressures on demand volumes. This of course does not mean that demand management in transport is unjustified or does not contribute at all to greenhouse gas abatement, but its potential is limited so that technological improvement is at the core of climate change policy in the transport sector.
    Anmerkung: This document was produced as background for the 2010 International Transport Forum, on 26 - 28 May in Leipzig, Germany, on Transport and Innovation : Unleashing the Potential , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Perspectives des transports 2010 : le potentiel de l'innovation , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 69
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (23 S.)
    Serie: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2009-7
    Schlagwort(e): Verkehrsträgerwettbewerb ; Flughafen ; Fluggesellschaft ; Hochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr ; Welt ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift
    Kurzfassung: This paper summarizes, structures, and provides some context for discussions of the Round Table mentioned in the title. The first part of the paper focuses on sources of market power for airports and on policy responses. When an airport is congested and competition with other airports is limited, regulation may be justified, and the dual till approach likely works best. In other cases, however, policy should establish conditions for competition to emerge as much as possible, instead of attempting to design a general regulatory framework. The second part of the paper discusses elements of climate change policy in aviation. Including aviation in emission trading schemes is a sensible idea, but should not be expected to produce major cuts in CO2 emissions from aviation; containing its growth possibly is a more realistic, yet ambitious and not necessarily socially optimal, objective. High‐speed rail is justified in some situations, but is not a general alternative for air travel and certainly not a second‐best way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from aviation.
    Anmerkung: Literaturverz. S. 22 - 23 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Patrinos, Harry Anthony Quality of Schooling, Returns To Schooling And The 1981 Vouchers Reform In Chile
    Schlagwort(e): Basic schooling ; Cognitive skills ; Compulsory schooling ; Education ; Education for All ; Education investments ; Educational attainment ; Educational levels ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Primary Education ; School age ; School students ; Schooling ; Secondary Education ; Secondary school ; Basic schooling ; Cognitive skills ; Compulsory schooling ; Education ; Education for All ; Education investments ; Educational attainment ; Educational levels ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Primary Education ; School age ; School students ; Schooling ; Secondary Education ; Secondary school ; Basic schooling ; Cognitive skills ; Compulsory schooling ; Education ; Education for All ; Education investments ; Educational attainment ; Educational levels ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Primary Education ; School age ; School students ; Schooling ; Secondary Education ; Secondary school
    Kurzfassung: This paper exploits unique information on cognitive ability to examine the importance of schooling and non-schooling cognitive skills for heterogeneous individuals using instrumental variables estimation. Using a binary instrument based on the 1981 reform in Chile, the authors find that the main beneficiaries of the reform were those who at the time were pupils in basic schooling (ages 6-13). For this treated group of pupils, only a negligible part of the estimated return to schooling is due to classical ability bias. The labor market reward to an additional year of schooling is a measure of the "true" non-cognitive return to schooling. However, once the treated group is expanded to include secondary school students, the pure return to schooling decreases dramatically, while the return to schooling cognitive and non-schooling cognitive skills increases accordingly, suggesting that a large part of the estimated return in an earnings function is due to classical ability bias. For this treated group (mixture of basic school and secondary school age students), the labor market rewarded cognitive skills (especially those acquired through schooling) significantly
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  • 71
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (45 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Jimenez, Emmanuel Can Cost-Benefit Analysis Guide Education Policy In Developing Countries?
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Average schooling ; Education ; Education Policy ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Investments in education ; Job training ; Primary Education ; Primary levels ; Primary schools ; Schooling ; Social benefits ; Social benefits of education ; Tertiary Education ; Textbooks ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Average schooling ; Education ; Education Policy ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Investments in education ; Job training ; Primary Education ; Primary levels ; Primary schools ; Schooling ; Social benefits ; Social benefits of education ; Tertiary Education ; Textbooks ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Average schooling ; Education ; Education Policy ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Investments in education ; Job training ; Primary Education ; Primary levels ; Primary schools ; Schooling ; Social benefits ; Social benefits of education ; Tertiary Education ; Textbooks
    Kurzfassung: Cost-benefit analysis in education is an important tool in the economists' arsenal. However, it is essential that research, especially on the social benefits of education, make further progress to make cost-benefit more analysis. There is a need for more research on the effects of policy interventions on outcomes beyond access to a year in school and what they earn as a result, such as on what children actually learn. Such research should focus on ensuring that the interventions are attributable to outcomes. Nevertheless, it is worthwhile to go through the discipline of noting the benefits and costs, even if social rates of return cannot be calculated robustly
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  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (57 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Oosterbeek, Hessel Financing Lifelong Learning
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Finance ; Education ; Education finance ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Expenditures ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Higher education ; Human Development ; Income contingent loans ; Knowledge economy ; Lifelong Learning ; Literature ; Papers ; Primary Education ; Teachers ; Tertiary Education ; Access to Finance ; Education ; Education finance ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Expenditures ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Higher education ; Human Development ; Income contingent loans ; Knowledge economy ; Lifelong Learning ; Literature ; Papers ; Primary Education ; Teachers ; Tertiary Education ; Access to Finance ; Education ; Education finance ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Expenditures ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Higher education ; Human Development ; Income contingent loans ; Knowledge economy ; Lifelong Learning ; Literature ; Papers ; Primary Education ; Teachers ; Tertiary Education
    Kurzfassung: This paper describes and analyzes different financial schemes to promote lifelong learning. Considered are financial instruments to stimulate successful early learning, financial aid schemes and subsidization mechanisms. Theoretical analyses about funding of early learning have mainly focused on vouchers. Yet, the available empirical evidence is more ambiguous about the effects of vouchers than about the effects of conditional cash transfers and financial incentives for pupils and teachers. Positive effects of financial incentives to pupils are not restricted to high ability pupils, as low ability students also seem to benefit. The evidence regarding the effects of subsidy forms is limited. The most prominent knowledge gaps regarding the effects of various financing schemes related to lifelong learning are the effects of vouchers in compulsory education; financial aid schemes for students; and entitlements and individual learning accounts
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  • 73
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (180 S.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The cost and effectiveness of policies to reduce vehicle emissions ; Round Table 142
    DDC: 363.738/7
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Kraftfahrzeug ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Luftreinhaltung ; Kosten-Wirksamkeits-Analyse ; Welt ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift ; Kraftfahrzeug ; Abgas ; Luftreinhaltung
    Kurzfassung: Transport sector policies already contribute to moderating greenhouse gas emissions from road vehicles. They are increasingly designed to contribute to overall societal targets to mitigate climate change. While abatement costs in transport are relatively high, there are plausible arguments in favour of further abatement in this sector. The empirical basis to decide upon combinations of fuel economy standards and fuel taxes, however, remains weak. This Round Table investigates the effectiveness and costs of various mitigation options in road transport, and discusses the distribution of abatement efforts across sectors of the economy.
    Anmerkung: Auch als Buch-Ausg. erschienen
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  • 74
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Patrinos, Harry Anthony Institutional effects as determinants of learning outcomes
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Human Development ; Learning ; Learning Outcomes ; Papers ; Primary Education ; Quality of Education ; Schools ; Secondary Education ; State education ; Student achievement ; Student learning ; Teachers ; Tertiary Education ; Education ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Human Development ; Learning ; Learning Outcomes ; Papers ; Primary Education ; Quality of Education ; Schools ; Secondary Education ; State education ; Student achievement ; Student learning ; Teachers ; Tertiary Education ; Education ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Human Development ; Learning ; Learning Outcomes ; Papers ; Primary Education ; Quality of Education ; Schools ; Secondary Education ; State education ; Student achievement ; Student learning ; Teachers ; Tertiary Education
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses the OECD's Program for International Student Assessment student-level achievement database for Mexico to estimate state education production functions, controlling for student characteristics, family background, home inputs, resources, and institutions. The authors take advantage of the state-level variation and representative sample to analyze the impact of institutional factors such as state accountability systems and the role of teachers' unions in student achievement. They argue that accountability, through increased use of state assessments, will improve learning outcomes. The authors also cast light on the role of teachers' unions, namely their strength through appointments to the school and relations with state governments. The analysis shows the importance of good relations between states and unions. Furthermore, it demonstrates that accountability systems are cost-effective measures for improving outcomes
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (20 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Patrinos, Harry Anthony The Living Conditions of Children
    Schlagwort(e): Access to primary education ; Children start primary school ; Early childhood interventions ; Early interventions ; Education ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Gender gap ; Gender parity ; Girls ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Primary Education ; Primary school-aged children ; Street Children ; Urban Development ; Young people ; Youth ; Access to primary education ; Children start primary school ; Early childhood interventions ; Early interventions ; Education ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Gender gap ; Gender parity ; Girls ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Primary Education ; Primary school-aged children ; Street Children ; Urban Development ; Young people ; Youth ; Access to primary education ; Children start primary school ; Early childhood interventions ; Early interventions ; Education ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Gender gap ; Gender parity ; Girls ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Primary Education ; Primary school-aged children ; Street Children ; Urban Development ; Young people ; Youth
    Kurzfassung: This paper summarizes the socioeconomic conditions of children around the world. It explores solutions to the main problems, along with a summary of the costs and benefits of some of the solutions. Emphasis is on the results from rigorous studies, impact evaluations, and randomized experiments. Although the cost-evidence literature is scarce, a good case for early interventions and key quality-enhancing education interventions exists
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 1403999384
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xix, 308 p) , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Print version Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Human Development in Latin America
    DDC: 362.5/7/08998
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development ; Indigenous peoples Economic conditions ; Indigenous peoples Social conditions ; Economic development ; Indigenous peoples ; Indigenous peoples ; Latin America ; Latin America ; Latin America Economic policy ; Latin America Social policy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Kurzfassung: Indigenous people constitute a large portion of Latin America's population and suffer from widespread poverty. This book provides the first rigorous assessment of changes in socio-economic conditions among the region's indigenous people, tracking progress in these indicators during the first international decade of indigenous peoples (1994-2004). Set within the context of existing literature and political changes over the course of the decade, this volume provides a rigorous statistical analysis of indigenous populations in Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru, examining their poverty
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Cover; Contents; List of Figures; List of Boxes; List of Tables; Acknowledgements; Notes on the Contributors; 1 Introduction: The Indigenous Peoples' Decade in Latin America; 2 Estimating the Number of Indigenous Peoples in Latin America; 3 Bolivia; 4 Ecuador; 5 Guatemala; 6 Mexico; 7 Peru; 8 Key Messages and an Agenda for Action; Appendix: Methods and Data; Bibliography; Index;
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 258-274) and index
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  • 77
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Patrinos, Harry Anthony Estimating The Returns To Education
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Accounting ; Bank ; Debt Markets ; Earnings ; Education ; Education ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Income ; Information ; Interest ; Investment ; Investments ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Low-Income ; Low-Income ; Lower Income ; Primary Education ; Primary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Accounting ; Bank ; Debt Markets ; Earnings ; Education ; Education ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Income ; Information ; Interest ; Investment ; Investments ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Low-Income ; Low-Income ; Lower Income ; Primary Education ; Primary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Accounting ; Bank ; Debt Markets ; Earnings ; Education ; Education ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Income ; Information ; Interest ; Investment ; Investments ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Low-Income ; Low-Income ; Lower Income ; Primary Education ; Primary Education ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: Typically estimates of the benefits of education investments show average private rates of return for the average individual. The average may not be useful for policy. An examination of the distribution of the returns across individuals is needed. The few studies that have examined these patterns focus on high-income countries, showing investments to be more profitable at the top of the income distribution. The implication is that investments may increase inequality. Extending the analysis to 16 East Asian and Latin American countries the authors observe mixed evidence in middle-income countries and decreasing returns in low-income countries. Such differences between countries could be due to more job mobility in industrial countries, scarcity of skills, or differential exposure to market forces
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3459
    Paralleltitel: Sakellariou, Chris N Economic volatility and returns to education in Venezuela
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Labor supply ; Education ; Labor supply
    Kurzfassung: "Preliminary evidence suggests that the rates of return to education in Venezuela have been declining since the 1970s. Patrinos and Sakellariou rigorously estimate the returns to education in Venezuela for the period 1992-2002 and link them to earlier available estimates from the 1980s. They use consistent cross-sections from the Encuesta de Hogares por Muestro to document falling returns to schooling and educational levels until the mid-1990s, followed by increasing returns thereafter. The authors use quantile regression analysis to provide further insight into the within skill group changes in returns over time. This paper--a product of the Education Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to estimate the labor market outcomes of education"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 79
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Sakellariou, Chris N Incidence Analysis of Public Support to the Private Education Sector in Côte d'Ivoire
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Dropout Rates ; Education ; Education Expenditure ; Education for All ; Education of Children ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Enrollment Ratios ; Fees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gross Enrollment ; High Dropout ; Higher Education ; Levels of Education ; Number of Students ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Dropout Rates ; Education ; Education Expenditure ; Education for All ; Education of Children ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Enrollment Ratios ; Fees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gross Enrollment ; High Dropout ; Higher Education ; Levels of Education ; Number of Students ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Dropout Rates ; Education ; Education Expenditure ; Education for All ; Education of Children ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Enrollment Ratios ; Fees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gross Enrollment ; High Dropout ; Higher Education ; Levels of Education ; Number of Students ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education
    Kurzfassung: Sakellariou and Patrinos analyze the equity effects of public subsidization of private schools in Côte d'Ivoire, update previous analyses, and attempt to assess how efficiently public spending is targeted. The subsidy per student in private (and public) schools increases at higher quintiles. Students from families in the highest quintile receive more than twice the subsidy received by students from families in the lowest quintile, compared with four times more in the case of students attending public schools. However, the subsidy system is progressive as there is a clear tendency for the share of family education expenditure covered by subsidies to decline at higher quintiles. This element of progressivity is stronger in the case of private school attendance. This paper—a product of the Education Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region—is part of a larger effort in the region to evaluate education policies
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 3460
    Paralleltitel: Sakellariou, Chris N Schooling and labor market impacts of a natural policy experiment
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Labor market ; Education ; Labor market
    Kurzfassung: "Patrinos and Sakellariou use a nationally representative household survey to estimate returns to schooling in Venezuela from instrumental variables based on a supply-side intervention in the education market. These estimates apply to a subgroup of liquidity-constrained individuals, in the spirit of the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) literature. Returns to schooling estimates which apply to a subgroup of individuals affected by the policy intervention may be more interesting from a policy perspective than the return to the 'average' individual. The authors use an instrument based on the 1980 education reform (the Organic Law of Education) which provided for nine years of compulsory basic education. They also obtain alternative estimates using father's education as an instrument, in an attempt to derive high and low estimates of returns to schooling in Venezuela. The estimates are consistent with recent findings suggesting that the effect of education, at least for certain subgroups affected by a policy intervention, is as large or larger than what is suggested by OLS estimates. This paper--a product of the Education Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to estimate the labor market outcomes of education"--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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