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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,800)
  • München UB  (3)
  • Frobenius-Institut
  • 2000-2004  (2,803)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (2,803)
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Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282103197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (197 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme des taxes et des redevances dans les transports
    DDC: 336.278388094
    Keywords: Taxation ; Transport
    Abstract: This report examines the economic principles for efficient systems of taxation and provides a framework for international comparisons of transport taxes and charges. It investigates the price and tax changes likely to result from the reform of transport charges to maximise efficiency, and their impact on motorists, hauliers and users of other transport services. The report also assesses the impact of national differences in taxation on the competitiveness of hauliers internationally.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264019454
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2003
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 628.44
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Kostenmanagement ; Abfallpolitik ; Recycling ; Abfallvermeidung
    Abstract: The Workshop held by OECD in October 2003, in Paris, France, brought together leading experts to take stock of “the state of the art" on the economics of waste and to help select topics on which the OECD could usefully do additional work. The book comprises the Workshop papers by leading experts.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264020009
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264019393
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Investment Policy Reviews; Caribbean Rim 2004; Costa Rica, Dominican Republic and Jamaica
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Costa Rica ; Dominican Republic ; Jamaica
    Abstract: L’initiative pour l’investissement dans le bassin des Caraïbes vise à promouvoir une coopération créative et pragmatique entre les pays d’Amérique centrale et des Caraïbes, de l’OCDE et d’autres organisations internationales. Les rapports sont destinés à être utilisés par les pays concernés, le Costa Rica, la République dominicaine et la Jamaïque comme des feuilles de route pour l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre du programme de réforme de leur politique en matière d’investissement. A paraître : Les rapports sur Antigua-et-Barbuda, le Belize, la Grenade, Haïti, les Antilles néerlandaises, Sainte-Lucie et la Trinité-et-Tobago.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This book gathers the proceedings of an OECD Workshop that took place in April 2004 in Paris, on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing -- a worldwide problem which is increasing in scale. The aim of the workshop was to better understand the social and economic factors that drive IUU fishing in order to identify more effective methods to combat this evil and propose new ways to deal with it.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107793
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Canada 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Canada ; Bericht ; Kanada ; Umweltschutz ; Umweltqualität ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD ; Kanada ; Umweltbericht ; Industrie ; Bergbau ; Kanada ; Biodiversität
    Abstract: Ce rapport 2004 sur les politiques et les programmes canadiens en matière d’environnement propose un examen systématique de la gestion de l’air, de l’eau, de la nature et de la biodiversité, ainsi que de l’interaction entre la politique de l’environnement, la politique économique, la politique sociale et certains secteurs. Malgré les progrès appréciables du Canada depuis 1985, il reste encore beaucoup à faire. Dans cette optique, le rapport formule des recommandations précises : un recours plus large aux instruments économiques, l’application des principes pollueurs-payeurs, une rationalisation de la gouvernance de l’eau, le renforcement de la protection de la nature, la réduction de l’intensité énergétique, la mise en œuvre de stratégies face au changement climatique, la réévaluation des taxes liées à l’environnement, le respect des engagements concernant le milieu marin et l’aide au développement.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264007031
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Bulgaria 2004; Science, Research and Technology
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Dans chaque pays, petit ou grand, la science et la technologie (S-T) revêtent une importance primordiale dans l’instauration d’une économie basée sur le savoir. Dans les pays appartenant au peloton de tête, la S-T porte ses fruits quand elle est induite par des politiques scientifiques favorisant les programmes à long terme. Et ces programmes sont étroitement liés à une maîtrise anticipative des coûts budgétaires. En Bulgarie, le secteur des sciences et de la technologie reflète bon nombre des difficultés économiques et sociales que rencontre le pays dans son ensemble. Il souffre d’un manque chronique de moyens financiers et a mis du temps à moderniser son appareil de recherche fondamentale. Faute d’une politique cohérente à long terme dans le domaine scientifique et technologique, ces insuffisances se trouvent accentuées. Malgré ces lacunes, l’examen montre que la Bulgarie possède le potentiel humain et scientifique nécessaire à la mise en place d’un système efficace de S-T qui peut considérablement contribuer au développement économique national. Cet examen présente un panorama du secteur de la S-T en Bulgarie et de ses liens avec l’enseignement. Il traite de divers thèmes au nombre desquels : La législation. Les mécanismes institutionnels mis en place dans le domaine de la recherche et de l’enseignement, notamment à travers les exemples de l’Académie bulgare des sciences et des établissements d’enseignement supérieur. Les mécanismes de budgétisation. La coopération régionale et internationale, et notamment les initiatives de l’Union européenne. L’impact de la fuite des cerveaux et du vieillissement sur les ressources humaines. Un échantillon d’études de cas et de pratiques exemplaires en matière de politique de S-T sert à illustrer l’analyse. Le dernier chapitre comprend une série de recommandations. Cet examen sera utile aux décideurs publics ainsi qu’aux professionnels du monde entier. Cette étude s'inscrit dans le cadre des relations de coopération que l'OCDE entretient avec les économies non membres à travers le monde.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105621
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovation in the Knowledge Economy; Implications for Education and Learning (Hungarian version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Today's "knowledge economies" are seeing the emergence of new paradigms for innovation and the advancement of knowledge in relation to economic activities. This report explores some key determinants of innovation and their implications for the advancement of knowledge in a particular sector – primary and secondary education. The analysis shows that there is considerable scope for certain drivers that have helped speed up innovation in other sectors to take effect in education. However, in practice, a number of basic characteristics of education systems have prevented innovation from changing this sector fundamentally. Nevertheless, educational policy makers can learn much from observing how innovation occurs and how sectors are transformed in the most knowledge intensive parts of the economy.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264016729
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Spain
    Abstract: As modern nuclear power programmes mature and large, commercial nuclear power plants and fuel cycle facilities approach the end of their useful life by reason of age, economics or change of policy on the use of nuclear power, new challenges associated with decommissioning and dismantling come to the fore. Politicians and the public may expect there to be a “right answer” to the choice of strategy for a particular type of facility, or even all facilities. Both this seminar and wider experience show that this is not the case. Local factors and national political positions have a significant input and often result in widely differing strategy approaches to broadly similar decommissioning projects. All facility owners represented at the seminar were able to demonstrate a rational process for strategy selection and compelling arguments for the choices made. In addition to the papers that were presented, these proceedings include a summary of the discussions that took place.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (338 p.)
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.6
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Supervising Private Pensions: Institutions and Methods offers detailed and comparable information on the supervisory agencies, institutional design and methods in over 40 countries in the OECD area, Latin America, Eastern Europe and South-east Asia. It is a valuable and practical contribution for policy makers who wish to benefit from pension supervision experiences across countries.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264225435
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108493
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Forum 2004; Forum Highlights
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264070271
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 218; Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Sediment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 218: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Sediment
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice est conçue pour évaluer les effets d’une exposition prolongée à des produits chimiques sur des larves Chironomus sp., un diptère vivant dans les sédiments d’eau douce. Des chironomes au premier stade larvaire sont exposés à au moins cinq concentrations de la substance d'essai dans un système sédiment-eau. La substance d'essai est incorporée au sédiment et des larves au premier stade sont introduites dans des béchers où les concentrations d'eau et de sédiment ont été stabilisées. Le taux d'apparition et de développement des chironomes est mesuré à la fin de l'essai. La durée maximum d'exposition est de 28 jours pour C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, et 65 jours pour C. tentans. L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 1000 mg/kg. La survie et le poids des larves peuvent également être mesurés, si nécessaire, après 10 jours (en ajoutant le nombre d'expériences identiques requis). Le rapport d'essai inclut la durée du développement et le nombre total de moucherons totalement émergés (le sexe et le nombre sont enregistrés quotidiennement), l'observation de tout comportement anormal, le nombre de pupes visibles n'ayant pas réussi à émerger et la présence de tout amas d'oeufs déposés. Les données sont analysées soit à l'aide d'un modèle de régression pour estimer la concentration qui entraînerait une réduction de x% de l'émergence, de la survie des larves ou de leur croissance, soit par la vérification d'une hypothèse statistique afin de déterminer une CSEO/CMEO.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264015005
    Language: Slovak
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Slovak Republic 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; République slovaque 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Slovak Republic 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : République slovaque 2004
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: SPECIAL FEATURERationalising public spending
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.83
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Digital technologies and the diffusion of new transmission technologies have increased the number of platforms capable of providing video transmission, and have also altered the traditional characteristics of broadcasting.
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  • 17
    Language: French
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analysis of Non-Tariff Measures: The Case of Prohibitions and Quotas
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: La présente étude, qui porte sur deux formes particulières de restrictions quantitatives, à savoir les interdictions d’importation et les contingents, s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une réflexion plus ample visant à mieux cerner la nature et la portée des mesures non tarifaires. Elle examine les informations relatives à ces mesures contenues dans les Examens des politiques commerciales de l’OMC, les notifications à l’OMC et divers autres rapports sur les échanges. Elle a pour objectif d’apporter sa contribution aux débats, notamment ceux concernant l’accès au marché des produits non agricoles, à l’OMC ou dans d’autres instances. L’étude a révélé que le recours aux contingents et aux prohibitions est moins souvent motivé par des raisons économiques, mais que la plupart des pays intègrent des interdictions à leurs cadres réglementaires afin de protéger la santé et la sécurité humaine ou l’environnement, tendance qui semble s’accentuer. Les négociants tireraient avantage de mesures plus transparentes à cet égard. Par ailleurs, il existe des interdictions d’importation qui entravent le commerce international des biens usagés et dont les particularités et la pertinence en termes d’efficacité réglementaire mériteraient d’être examinée de plus près.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le financement des actifs des établissements d'enseignement en Nouvelle-Zélande
    Keywords: Education ; New Zealand
    Abstract: New Zealand’s special funding system allows state schools a greater level of independence in managing their property compared to most other countries. Schools receive a fixed budget as an entitlement from the three “pots” of the educational property funding structure. The government’s unique use of accrual accounting together with a new Five-Year Property Plan agreement gives schools a high degree of certainty of the property funding available, as well as responsibility for deciding how to modernise their own buildings.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/02
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Patent indicators – within the science and technology (S&T) context – are used to measure inventive performance, diffusion of knowledge and internationalisation of innovative activities – across countries, firms, industries, technology areas, etc. A common approach is to calculate patent indicators based on information (filings, grants, etc.) from a particular patent office. While the richness and strength of those indicators are broadly recognised, they are affected by “home” advantage bias – where proportionate to their inventive activity, domestic applicants tend to file more patents in their home country compared to foreign applicants. Patents taken in various countries to protect inventions can be linked together to build triadic patent families: a set of patents taken at the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japanese Patent Office (JPO), and the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) that share one or more priorities. Patent families are derived from priority application ...
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluation du cycle d'orientation de Montbrillant en Suisse
    Keywords: Education ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Does Geneva’s Montbrillant lower secondary school, which has now been in use for one year, meet the objectives targeted when it was designed? Does the new school respond to the needs and expectations of staff and students? Questions such as these serve to evaluate the quality of a school building once in use and tie in with work supported by PEB on post-occupancy evaluation. For the design of Montbrillant, the Geneva authorities promoted specific integrated concepts; to verify to what extent these were successfully incorporated into the building, the author contacted the school’s users, i.e. its management, administrative and technical staff, teachers, and students. Although their overall appreciation was positive, the users expressed dissatisfaction with many aspects of the facilities as described below.
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.396
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses the impact of exchange rate regimes on real exchange rates, as defined by the relative price of nontradables to tradables in Argentina, Brazil, Chile (ABC) and Mexico from 1990 to 2002. The real exchange rate is determined in the long-run by the Balassa-Samuelson effect, but in the medium run also by government expenditure and terms of trade. Another determinant is fixed exchange rate regimes, which force exporters to adjust their local price of tradables. Moreover, fixed regimes attract portfolio inflows that increase demand and prices for nontradables. The econometric results of the paper confirm the impact of exchange rate regimes on relative prices in all countries except Chile, which maintained exchange rate flexibly and adopted capital controls ...
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.4
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ajustement structurel dans les industries du textile et du vêtement dans l'environnement commercial de l'après - ATV
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This study focuses on the adjustment challenges facing the textile and clothing industries across the globe. The analytical work was initially suggested during informal consultations between the OECD Trade Committee and Civil Society Organisations. It took two years of extensive discussions in the Working Party of the Trade Committee to deepen understanding of the issues and finalise the study...
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  • 23
    Language: French
    Pages: 13 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. School Facility Projects in Latin America
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: De nombreux pays latino-américains entreprennent actuellement des projets, conformes aux pratiques recommandées par le PEB, visant par exemple à partager des installations scolaires avec les collectivités locales, à adapter les écoles ordinaires aux élèves souffrant de déficience et à collaborer avec des entreprises privées pour financer les bâtiments scolaires. Les articles ci-après décrivent les projets en cours dans cinq pays : l’Argentine, le Brésil, le Chili, le Mexique et le Vénézuela.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.5
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Nuclear licensees are increasingly required to adapt to a more challenging commercial environment as electricity markets are liberalised. One of the costs that is often perceived as being amenable to control is staffing, and hence there is significant exploration of new strategies for managing this cost - for example, by reducing staffing levels, changing organisational structures, adopting new shift strategies, introducing new technology or increasing the proportion of work carried out by external contractors. However, if changes to staffing levels or organisational structures and systems are inadequately conceived or executed they have the potential to affect the way in which safety is managed. In this context, the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its Special Expert Group on Human and Organisational Factors (SEGHOF) organised an international workshop to discuss the management and regulation of organisational change in 2001. This technical opinion paper distils the findings of that workshop and sets out the factors that regulatory bodies might reasonably expect to be addressed within licensees' arrangements to manage organisational change. The paper should be of particular interest to both regulators and managers of nuclear utilities.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264100701
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Eliminer la paperasserie
    Series Statement: Éliminer la paperasserie
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. From Red Tape to Smart Tape; Administrative Simplification in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: « L’excès de paperasserie » est l’un des griefs les plus souvent formulés par les entreprises et les citoyens dans les pays de l’OCDE. Ce rapport montre, à travers un ensemble d’instruments et de pratiques fréquemment utilisés, comment des conceptions novatrices et l’utilisation judicieuse des technologies de l'information dans de nombreux domaines débouchent sur de nouvelles approches plus efficaces en matière de réglementation administrative.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264020382
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Privatisation en Afrique subsaharienne ; un état des lieux
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: This book examines recent progress made in the region’s privatisation effort in Sub-Saharan Africa. With cumulative proceeds of privatisation accounting for just $8 billion compared to $46 billion in transition economies over the same period, it is clearly still in its infancy. The report charts progress, outlines methods used, and questions whether the objectives have been achieved. It also examines the impact privatisation has had on alleviating poverty. It is for policy makers, advisers and donors and research institutes involved in the privatisation process.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106420
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Czech Republic 2004
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: La République tchèque, à l'aube de l'adhésion à l'Union européenne, a connu une croissance relativement régulière et attiré un flux important d’investissements directs étrangers. L'un des défis majeurs auxquels la République tchèque doit faire face est de préserver le rôle de la région de la capitale de Prague et de ses environs comme moteurs de la croissance de l'économie nationale, tout en assurant un développement adéquat dans d'autres régions. Cette étude examine les sujets suivants : le chômage, l’aide à l’entreprenariat et l’adaptation aux nouvelles technologies ainsi que les obstacles indirects à la mobilité du travail.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105188
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Bulgaria 2004
    Keywords: Education ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Ce livre propose un panorama du système éducatif bulgare et décrit son évolution depuis les changements politiques. Il fournit une analyse de l’ensemble du système éducatif et identifie les directions à prendre pour renforcer le processus de réforme à la lumière des défis auxquels sont confrontés, dans des conditions relativement difficiles, les représentants de l’État, les communautés, les entreprises, le personnel éducatif, les parents et les élèves.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016927
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108653
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Spain 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales; España 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Spain
    Abstract: ESPAGNE Thèmes couverts : Gestion de l’environnementGestion de l’air, de l'eau Gestion de la nature et de la biodiversité Economie, social et environnementIntégration sectorielle : tourismeCoopération internationale Cet ouvrage s'inscrit dans le programme d'examens environnementaux concernant ses pays membres. Les efforts menés pour atteindre les objectifs nationaux et satisfaire aux engagements internationaux y sont évalués en détails. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales et conduisent à des recommandations sur les progrès à faire dans les domaines de l'environnement et du développement durable. Le premier cycle d'Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE de ses pays membres a été achevé en 2000. Le second cycle met l’accent sur la gestion de l’environnement, le développement durable et les engagements internationaux. Examens récents disponibles Australie 1998 Suisse 1998 Belgique 1998 République Tchèque 1999 Danemark 1999 Fédération de Russie* 1999 Turquie 1999 Hongrie 2000 Grèce 2000 Irlande 2000 Luxembourg 2000 Pays de l'OCDE 2001 Allemagne 2001 Islande 2001 Norvège 2001 Portugal 2001 République Slovaque 2002 Japon 2002 Royaume Uni 2002 Italie 2002 Pays Bas 2003 Pologne 2003 Mexique 2003 Autriche 2003 Canada 2004 Suède 2004 Espagne 2004 * Pays non membre de l'OCDE.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264108264
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Since 1998, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency has been organising a series of workshops to address the various aspects of stakeholder involvement in radiological protection decision making. These workshops have been instrumental in forging consensus and improving understanding of key issues in this area. Building on the experience of the first two "Villigen workshops", the third in the series extensively analysed three case studies, which covered the licensing of a new facility, the clean-up and release of an old facility, and the rehabilitation of a large, contaminated area. Consideration was given to the stakeholder involvement processes that had been used, and the implications that that these did or could have on radiological protection policy, regulation and application. The workshop papers analysing these processes and implications are presented in these proceedings, which should provide valuable examples and lessons for governments, regulators and practitioners.
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.5
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Répondre aux préoccupations des pays en développement au sujet des mesures environnementales et sanitaires : Enseignements tirés des exemples nationaux
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This report represents the stock-taking of the lessons learned from a series of twenty OECD case studies which examined specific market access problems arising from environmental and health requirements faced by developing country exporters. Together with a series of UNCTAD case studies and the experiences exchanged at an OECD Global Forum on Trade workshop, held in New Delhi in November 2002, the focus is on the approaches that contributed to addressing the market access difficulties. These are divided into two sections: first, those addressing information flows and capacity building needs of developing-country exporters, undertaken both by governments and non-governmental organisations; and then the procedures in developing, implementing and reviewing regulations and standards. While covering a range of natural resource-based exports and manufactures and one traded service in key OECD import markets, no generalisation can be drawn regarding the scale of the market-access problems created by environmental and health requirements.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.384
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: Over the past decade, public expenditure in Slovakia was characterised by substantial social transfers and high public sector wage expenses. This paper analyses the main features of Slovakia’s public expenditure system, reviews expenditure trends, and discusses recent reform initiatives. The latter have concerned the introduction of medium-term budget projections, the switch towards performance-based budgeting, the limitation of extra-budgetary funds, the devolution of spending power to sub-central administrative units, changes to the public employment regime, and reforms of the social security system. These initiatives are critically assessed and a number of recommendations concerning implementation and further reform steps are developed ...
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264018327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: The OECD Territorial Review of Mexico City highlights the region’s great potential for further growth, which is linked to the concentration of headquarters, educational establishments and research facilities, as well as high levels of FDI and rich cultural resources. However, it also reveals that this growth is constrained by low levels of human capital, inadequate infrastructure and widespread, acute poverty. The current governance framework, characterised by modest co-operation, also remains a sticking point for the region’s development.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Business Academy Bexley : Une école britannique à financement semi-privé
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The Business Academy Bexley is one of the first purpose-built, part-privately funded independent state schools in Europe. As part of the United Kingdoms new approach to raising educational standards in areas of social deprivation and low educational attainment, Bexley was designed to facilitate integration among its students and with local residents and to enrich the learning process.
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.8
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coûts de l'introduction et de la mise en oeuvre de mesures de facilitation des échanges : Rapport intérimaire
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This report presents preliminary findings from a series of country surveys on the costs of introducing and implementing trade facilitation measures. It was prepared in response to concerns with respect to the cost implications of a future WTO agreement on trade facilitation and will be complemented in the near future by additional data from a wider range of developing and least-developed countries. The report contains observations with respect to the methodology of assessing trade facilitation costs and highlights common cost features in the various country experiences.
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 90 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.14
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This study updates and extends a previous study on equity in physician utilisation for a subset of the countries analyzed here (Van Doorslaer, Koolman and Puffer, 2002). It updates results to 2000 for 13 countries and adds new results for eight countries: Australia, Finland, France, Hungary, Mexico, Norway, Switzerland and Sweden. Both simple quintile distributions and concentration indices were used to assess horizontal equity, i.e. the extent to which adults in equal need for physician care appear to have equal rates of medical care utilisation. With respect to physician utilisation, need is more concentrated among the worse off, but after “standardizing out” these need differences, significant horizontal inequity favoring the better off is found in about half of the countries, both for the probability and the total number of visits. The degree of pro-rich inequity in doctor use is highest in the US, followed by Mexico, Finland, Portugal and Sweden. In the majority ...
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  • 38
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. An Innovative School Revisited: Leith Academy and the Projects that Followed
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: En 1995, le PEB a publié une étude de cas sur l’Académie de Leith, au Royaume-Uni. L’article suivant examine la conception originale de l’Académie, la façon dont les bâtiments ont rempli leur rôle pendant leurs 13 années d’existence et leur influence sur les conceptions suivantes.
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.18
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for patient safety. Using a structured review process, the panel set out to select indicators to cover the five key areas: areas hospital-acquired infections, sentinel events, operative and postoperative complications, obstetrics, and other care related adverse events...
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Creating 21st Century Learning Environments
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: C’est sous l’égide du ministère de l’Éducation et des Compétences du Royaume-Uni (DfES) et du Programme de l’OCDE pour la construction et l’équipement de l’éducation (PEB) que s’est tenu le séminaire intitulé « Concevoir les environnements d’apprentissage du XXIe siècle ». Deux projets menés par le Royaume-Uni sont présentés ici.
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.18
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper presents results from an on-going joint European Commission / OECD project, aimed at monitoring the direct influence of tax and benefit instruments on household incomes. The project uses and extends OECD tax-benefit models to compute a range of work incentive indicators such as marginal effective tax rates on earned income. This paper provides a methodological background describing these extensions. It also discusses the usefulness of a range of indicators such as net replacement rates and marginal effective tax rates and to what extent they can be used to quantify possible work disincentives. The approaches are illustrated using detailed tax-benefit calculations for 2001 and comparing relevant indicators across 15 EU and 8 non-EU countries. The results presented in this paper permit the identification of family circumstances where (1) financial incentives to increase work are either small or missing altogether; or (2) resources provided by social transfers may be ...
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Post Occupancy Evaluation in Scotland
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: L’Exécutif écossais, l’administration décentralisée d’Écosse, s’emploie avec les différents acteurs concernés à parvenir à un niveau d’excellence dans le parc immobilier scolaire grâce aux évaluations de fonctionnalité des bâtiments. La conception de l’environnement scolaire a un effet direct sur les processus d’enseignement et d’acquisition de savoirs, activités que de nombreux aspects des bâtiments peuvent favoriser ou au contraire entraver. Entreprise en collaboration, l’évaluation des équipements nouveaux et existants peut être profitable à toutes les parties prenantes de la construction scolaire, depuis les usagers des bâtiments jusqu’aux autorités locales en passant par les concepteurs.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264071063
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 427; Absorption cutanée ; méthode in vivo
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 427: Absorption cutanée : méthode in vivo
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The in vivo percutaneous absorption study set out in this Test Guideline provides the linkage necessary to extrapolate from oral studies when making safety assessments following dermal exposure. The in vivo method, described in this guideline, allows the determination of the penetration of the test substance through the skin into the systemic compartment. The test substance, preferably radiolabelled, is applied, for a fixed period of time, to the clipped skin of animals at one or more appropriate dose levels in the form of a representative in-use preparation. The rat is the most commonly used species. At least four animals of one sex should be used for each test preparation and each scheduled termination time. A known amount of the test preparation is evenly applied to the site. This amount should normally mimic potential human exposure, typically 1-5 mg/cm² for a solid or up to 10 µl/cm² for liquids. A relevant exposure period (typically 6 or 24 hours) should be used, based on the expected human exposure duration. The animals should be observed for signs of toxicity/abnormal reactions at intervals for the entire duration of the study. This study includes: daily measurements (excreta), regular detailed observations, as well as sacrifice at the scheduled time and blood collected for analysis.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264105331
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (91 p.)
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Germany 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Germany 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: C'est en décembre 1997 que l'Allemagne a signé, en compagnie de trente-trois autres pays, la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l'OCDE). L'Allemagne a transposé la Convention dans son droit interne en promulguant la Loi sur la lutte contre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers. À la suite de l'adoption de cette loi, l'Allemagne a été le troisième pays à avoir ratifié la Convention de l'OCDE et elle a déposé son instrument de ratification auprès de l'OCDE en novembre 1998. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place en Allemagne pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par l'Allemagne lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par l'Allemagne des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 92 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.371
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In the face of the substantial ageing of population expected to occur in OECD countries over coming decades, policies that boost labour-force participation attract considerable interest. There remain large cross-country divergences in participation rates that are largely accounted for by differences in participation of specific groups, in particular prime-age women, older workers and also youth. This suggests that policies targeting these groups could have important effects. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the potential impact of several policy reforms is able to attenuate or to offset the adverse trend in aggregate participation rates that would otherwise occur because of ageing population. It uses a simple dynamic modelling framework that generates longer-term projections of participation rates and labour supplies in OECD countries and alternative scenarios of policy reforms. The main outcome of this analysis is that the combined effect of possible reforms targeting ...
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  • 46
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Documents SIGMA no.35
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Co-ordination at the Centre of Government: The Functions and Organisation of the Government Office Comparative; Analysis of OECD Countries, CEECs and Western Balkan Countries
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La plupart des pays des Balkans occidentaux n'ont commencé que très récemment à adapter leurs institutions et leurs cadres juridiques aux nécessités et aux conditions d'une économie de marché occidentale. Pourtant, la complexité des exigences prescrites par le processus de stabilisation et d'association et, plus encore, par l'adhésion à l'UE, requiert des moyens particulièrement développés en coordination, en suivi et en évaluation des politiques. Dans pratiquement tous les pays des Balkans occidentaux ainsi que dans plusieurs nouveaux États membres, les moyens dont disposent les gouvernements et les administrations pour fixer les priorités de politique, développer des options de politique, analyser les politiques, contrôler l'application des politiques et évaluer les politiques demeurent faibles.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264101982
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Investment Policy Reviews; China 2003; Progress and Reform Challenges
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Depuis que le gouvernement chinois s’est engagé à réformer l’économie du pays en l’ouvrant aux échanges et aux investissements internationaux, la Chine est devenue l’une des principales destinations de l’investissement direct étranger (IDE). Ces flux de capitaux, qui ont accéléré depuis l’adhésion de la Chine à l’OMC en 2001, ont contribué à dynamiser la croissance économique et la modernisation. L’IDE en provenance des pays de l’OCDE pourrait toutefois être bien supérieur encore, en termes tant quantitatifs que qualitatifs : investissements à plus long terme, davantage d’investissements dans les hautes technologies, investissements à plus forte valeur ajoutée. Cette étude évalue les efforts accomplis jusqu’à présent pour créer des conditions propices à attirer l’IDE et à en maximiser les avantages. Elle propose également de nouvelles options pour rendre les politiques encore plus efficaces. A l’origine, les investisseurs étrangers venaient en Chine attirés par les prix de la main-d’œuvre et des biens fonciers, par les promesses d’un marché très large et, jusqu’à un certain point, par des incitations fiscales. Mais pour maintenir et développer des flux d’IDE à l’échelle des besoins, il serait maintenant avisé de passer à une stratégie d’appel plus fortement basée sur des règles. Celle-ci s’appuierait sur des éléments structurels : un système juridique solide, une législation et une réglementation transparentes, des procédures d’autorisation simplifiées, une bonne gouvernance des entreprises, une politique de la concurrence efficace et un système financier fiable. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de la coopération de l’OCDE avec les économies non membres.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Health Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers des systèmes de santé plus performants
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This volume offers a synthesis of findings from recent OECD studies undertaken as part of the three-year Health Project, an initiative geared towards answering many of the key questions facing today’s health policy makers. It provides information and analysis on a wide variety of topics, such as new and emerging health-related technologies, long-term care, private health insurance, health-care cost control, equity of access across income groups, health workforce planning and productivity, and waiting times for elective surgery. Building on international experience and grounded in new data on cross-country differences, this report offers an up-to-date map of the road to performance improvement.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015067
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Enseignement supérieur ; internationalisation et commerce
    Keywords: Education ; Trade
    Abstract: This book brings together up-to-date statistics, case studies and policy reports on the major trends and developments in cross-border post-secondary education in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region. Topics covered include policy initiatives to promote cross-border post-secondary education; rationales for delivering or receiving cross-border education services; size and growth of cross-border post-secondary education in terms of student mobility, programme mobility, and institutional mobility (international branch campuses); assessment of the possible impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (WTO); and challenges facing cross-border post-secondary education such as quality assurance and recognition of qualifications, cost and financing, equity of access, trade agreements, capacity building in receiving countries, mobility personnel, and cultural diversity.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264021082
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (432 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.7
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This book contains papers presenting overviews of various aspects of the Baltic insurance market along with papers examining specific policy issues. The latter include policy recommendations.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264015937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (179 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: When preparing the safety case for a deep geological repository of radioactive waste, the integration of wide-ranging information from multidisciplinary sources is a complex task. This has provided the motivation for establishing AMIGO, an OECD/NEA international project on “Approaches and Methods for Integrating Geological Information in the Safety Case”. AMIGO is structured as a series of biannual topical workshops involving site characterisation and safety assessment practitioners with experience in both sedimentary and crystalline rock settings. The first AMIGO workshop was organised in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland on 3-5 June 2003. The main objective of the workshop was to exchange views on building confidence in analyses and arguments that support the safety case using multiple lines of evidence and integrating the work of geoscientists and safety assessors. These proceedings present the outcomes of this workshop.
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.232
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The present level of ODA falls short of the amount needed to finance the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The figure of additional $50 billion per year, roughly the present total of ODA spent by DAC donors, is often quoted (e.g. by the Zedillo Report); it results from the sum of the fight against communicable diseases ($ 7-10 billion), primary schooling ($10 billion), infant and maternal mortality ($12 billion) and halving world poverty ($20 billion). The scarcity of public resources raises the importance of investing in international public goods as the cost of lifting one person out of income poverty, for example through agricultural research and global trade expansion, is estimated to be much lower than the cost of the same impact through traditional aid to poor countries. This raises important issues for donor strategies, in particular principles of aid allocation, which this paper aims to address. First, should aid be partly earmarked towards international public goods? ...
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264032248
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (73 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264105355
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (87 p.)
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Iceland 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Iceland 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; Iceland
    Abstract: C'est en décembre 1997 que l’Islande a signé, en compagnie de trente-trois autres pays, la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l'OCDE). En août 1998, l'Islande a été le premier pays à ratifier la Convention de l'OCDE et à déposer son instrument de ratification auprès de l'OCDE. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place en Islande pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par l’Islande lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par l’Islande des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.402
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: The gas industry is perhaps Russia’s least reformed major sector. Prices are regulated, exports are monopolised and the domestic market is dominated by a state-controlled, vertically integrated monopolist, OAO Gazprom. Gazprom combines commercial and regulatory functions, and maintains tight control over the sector’s infrastructure and over information flows within it. The sector as it is currently constituted is highly unlikely to be able to sustain sufficient output growth to satisfy both rising export commitments and domestic demand. There is significant potential for accelerating the growth of non-Gazprom production and making gas supply in Russia more competitive, but this will require fundamental reform. The proposals for reform advanced in the paper address two sets of issues. First, there is an urgent need to increase transparency in the sector and transfer many of the regulatory functions now performed by Gazprom to state bodies. Secondly, there is a longer-term need for a ...
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264105294
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (91 p.)
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Bulgaria 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Bulgaria 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: La Bulgarie est l'un des quatre pays non membres de l'OCDE à avoir signé en décembre 1997 la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l'OCDE), en compagnie des trente pays de l'OCDE. Par la suite, la Bulgarie a promulgué une loi de transposition de la convention au moyen de la Loi portant amendement du code pénal bulgare. La Bulgarie a ratifié la Convention de l'OCDE et déposé son instrument de ratification auprès de l'OCDE à la fin décembre 1998. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place en Bulgarie pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par la Bulgarie lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par la Bulgarie des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.5
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Hungary
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the fifth in this series, presenting the Hungarian SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264028340
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Équipements éducatifs et gestion des risques ; Les catastrophes naturelles
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Équipements éducatifs et gestion des risques : Les catastrophes naturelles
    Keywords: Education ; France ; Greece ; Iceland ; India ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Mexico ; Nepal ; Turkey
    Abstract: Earthquakes and other natural disasters are unpredictable, and often deadly. In developed and developing countries alike, the cost in human life and infrastructure is very high. The danger to schools is of particular concern, given the concentration of young people attending them, and schools' broader role in communities -- not the least of which is their common use as places of refuge after an earthquake or other disaster.
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L' "expropriation indirecte" et le "droit de réglementer" dans le droit international de l'investissement
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: It is a well recognised rule in international law that the property of aliens cannot be taken, whether for public purposes or not, without adequate compensation. Two decades ago, the disputes before the courts and the discussions in academic literature focused mainly on the standard of compensation and measuring of expropriated value. The divergent views of the developed and developing countries raised issues regarding the formation and evolution of customary law. Today, the more positive attitude of countries around the world toward foreign investment and the proliferation of bilateral treaties and other investment agreements requiring prompt, adequate and effective compensation for expropriation of foreign investments have largely deprived that debate of practical significance for foreign investors. Disputes on direct expropriation – mainly related to nationalisation that marked the 70s and 80s -- have been replaced by disputes related to foreign investment regulation ...
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/06
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: The Vietnamese economy was in the doldrums in the 1980s and until a certain progress had been made in the context of Doi Moi there was little incentive for businesses to invest. The following reasons are commonly given for the sluggish economic activity: a lack of appropriate infrastructure (causing market disconnectedness even within the country); weak links to the world market; a shortage of skilled labour and managerial capacity; and an inefficient or business unfriendly public administration. ODA to Vietnam was allocated in such a way as to remedy these obstacles and the donors’ well designed strategies are seen as a major factor behind the success of ODA. National ownership, an important feature of ODA programmes, has mostly been strong in ODA to Vietnam. Most of the activities of the past were closely aligned with the Vietnamese government’s development priorities. It should nevertheless be recognised that some ODA projects have aroused little enthusiasm among public ...
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.81
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report on anti-spam legislation in OECD non-member countries was originally prepared for the Brussels OECD Workshop on Spam and was updated following the workshop to include more non-member country information in April 2004.
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.4
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This technical opinion paper represents the consensus of risk analysts in NEA member countries on the current state of the art of human reliability analysis (HRA) in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) for nuclear power plants. The paper's objective is to present decision makers in the nuclear field with a clear technical opinion on HRA status as implemented in industrial PSAs. The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, senior researchers and industry leaders. Government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Series Statement: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.6
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This technical opinion paper provides the reader with a concise description of both the benefits and disadvantages of using probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) to analyse operational events in nuclear power plants in order to facilitate better operator feedback. The paper's objective is to present decision makers in the nuclear field with a clear technical opinion on how PSA techniques can be used to address this issue. The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, senior researchers and industry leaders. Government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106369
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Chile 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Revisión de Políticas Nacionales de Educación; Chile
    Keywords: Education ; Chile
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage couvre l’ensemble du système éducatif chilien depuis la préscolarisation jusqu’à l’enseignement supérieur et aux activités de formation tout au long de la vie. Le système y est analysé du point de vue de ses effets économiques, sociaux et politiques.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264015494
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; France 2004; Charting a Clearer Way Forward
    Keywords: Governance ; France
    Abstract: Cet examen approfondi des politiques et institutions réglementaires de la France présente un panorama détaillé de la manière dont la réglementation a évolué en France ainsi qu’une évaluation des résultats obtenus. Des questions spécifiques, notamment la gouvernance réglementaire, la politique de la concurrence et l’ouverture des marchés ainsi que deux secteurs spécifiques – l’aviation civile et les télécommunications – sont traités dans des chapitres distincts. Chaque chapitre présente une liste d’actions envisageables. Le chapitre Performances et évaluation compare la France avec d’autres pays de l’OCDE et un appendice présente sous forme de tableaux l’évolution des réglementations sectorielles en France.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264017955
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Denmark 2004; Lessons from PISA 2000
    Keywords: Education ; Denmark
    Abstract: Cette étude a été effectuée selon une approche expérimentale consistant à associer l’analyse des données de PISA et le processus d’examen par les pairs mis en œuvre à l’OCDE, afin de dégager des travaux de PISA des enseignements utiles à l’action gouvernementale, tout en renforçant l’analyse comparative à travers l’examen par les pairs.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108615
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Sweden 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Sweden
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à la Suède évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264107717
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Information Exchange Meeting on the Nuclear Production of Hydrogen (2 : 2003 : Argonne, Ill.) Nuclear production of hydrogen
    Keywords: Wasserstofftechnologie ; Kernenergie ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy ; Konferenzschrift ; Wasserstofferzeugung ; Kernreaktion
    Abstract: Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable source of energy in the 21st century. Present methods for producing hydrogen are mainly based on the reforming of fossil fuels with subsequent release of greenhouse gases. To avoid producing greenhouse gases, the possibility to use heat and surplus electricity from nuclear power plants to produce hydrogen by water cracking is being investigated. This report presents the state of the art in the nuclear production of hydrogen and describes the scientific and technical challenges associated with it.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264016026
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Basic studies in the field of high-temperature engineering
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: In response to growing interest in high-temperature, gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) in many countries and the need for improved materials for nuclear applications in high-temperature environments, the NEA organised the Third Information Exchange Meeting on Basic Studies in the Field of High-temperature Engineering. The proceedings of this meeting provide an overview of high-temperature research currently under way, including studies on the behaviour of irradiated graphite and improvements in material properties under high-temperature irradiation. These proceedings also contain recommendations for further international work in the areas of high-temperature engineering.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264017344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (450 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Particle accelerators are used today for an increasing range of scientific and technological applications. They are very powerful tools for investigating the origin and structure of matter, and for improving understanding of the interaction of radiation with materials, including the transmutation of nuclides and the beneficial or harmful effects of radiation. Particle accelerators are used to identify properties of molecules that can be used in pharmacy, for medical diagnosis and therapy, and for biophysics studies. Particle accelerators must be operated in safe ways that protect the operators, the population and the environment. New technological and research applications give rise to new issues in radiation shielding. These workshop proceedings review the state of the art in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities and irradiated targets. They also evaluate advancements and discuss the additional developments required to meet radiation protection needs.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264106529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le contrôle réglementaire de la gestion des déchets radioactifs ; panorama de 15 pays membres de l'AEN
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Regulators are major stakeholders in the decision-making process for radioactive waste management. The NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC) has recognised the value of exchanging and comparing information about national regulatory practices and having an informal, international network for discussing issues of common concern. The RWMC Regulators’ Forum provides considerable opportunity for such activities. This report presents the initial results of the Forum’s work. Information is given for 15 NEA member countries in a format that allows easy accessibility to specific aspects and comparison between different countries. It includes an array of facts about national policies for radioactive waste management, institutional frameworks, legislative and regulatory frameworks, available guidance, classification and sources of waste and the status of waste management. It also provides an overview of current issues being addressed and related R&D programmes.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 110 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/08
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document reflects recent efforts made by the OECD to obtain an accurate assessment of the current state of biotechnology statistics in OECD member and observer countries. It is an update of the original document, which was released in 2000. The inventory was prepared by Brigitte van Beuzekom of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, and benefited from contributions of the delegates involved in the OECD Ad hoc Meeting on Biotechnology Statistics. Comments are welcome and should be sent by e-mail to Brigitte van Beuzekom [e-mail: brigitte.vanbeuzekomoecd.org] ...
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264030886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Albania
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Albania and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264071124
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ; Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430: Corrosion cutanée in vitro : Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Globally Harmonised System for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals defines skin corrosion as the production of irreversible tissue damage in the skin following the application of a test material. The test material (150 µL for liquids or solid with 150 µL of deionised water added on the top) is applied for up to 24 hours to the epidermal surfaces of skin discs (three skin discs are used for each test and control substance) in a two-compartment test system in which the skin discs function as the separation between the compartments. The skin discs are taken from humanely killed rats aged 28-30 days. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and barrier function, which is measured as a reduction in the TER below a threshold level (5kΩ for rat). A dye-binding step incorporated into the test procedure permits to determine if the increase in ionic permeability is due to physical destruction of the stratum corneum.
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le traitement de la nation la plus favorisée dans le droit international des investissements
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Bilateral and regional investment agreements have proliferated in the last decade and new ones are still being negotiated. Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) clauses link investment agreements by ensuring that the parties to one treaty provide treatment no less favourable than the treatment they provide under other treaties in areas covered by the clause. MFN clauses have thus become a significant instrument of economic liberalisation in the investment area. Moreover, by giving the investors of all the parties benefiting from a country’s MFN clause the right, in similar circumstances, to treatment no less favourable than a country’s closest or most influential partners can negotiate on the matters the clause covers, MFN avoids economic distortions that would occur through more selective country-by-country liberalisation. Such a treatment may result from the implementation of treaties, legislative or administrative acts of the country and also by mere practice ...
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  • 76
    Language: French
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Science and Technology Facilities
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les quatre articles ci-dessous concernent les infrastructures pour les sciences et la technologie dans les établissements secondaires et tertiaires. Le premier article présente une vision de l’enseignement des sciences à l’école et illustre l’espace idéal pour une zone des sciences pour le niveau secondaire. Le second expose le travail en cours pour améliorer le Complexe des sciences à l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Le troisième décrit un centre de formation professionnelle de niveau secondaire dédié aux nouvelles technologies au Québec. Le quatrième article rend compte d’une visite dans une école australienne spécialisée dans les sciences et les mathématiques.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.14
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for cardiac care. Using a structured review process, the panel set out to select indicators to cover five key areas: primary prevention, secondary prevention of heart disease, acute coronary syndromes, cardiac interventions and congestive heart failure. In the event, no suitable indicators for primary prevention were retained, and this report proposes 17 indicators as follows: The report describes the review process and provides a detailed discussion of the scientific soundness and policy importance of the 17 indicators ...
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.8
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the eighth in this series, presenting the Mexican SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264065840
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices across Borders
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Leitlinien zum Schutz der Verbraucher vor grenzüberschreitenden betrügerischen und irreführenden Handelspraktiken
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Raccomandazione del Consiglio OCSE Concernente le Linee Guida Sulla Tutela dei Consumatori Contro le Pratiche Commerciali Transfrontaliere Fraudolente e Ingannevoli
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linhas directrizes que regem a protecção dos consumidores contra as práticas comerciais transfronteiriças fraudulentas e enganosas
    Keywords: Industry and Services
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.383
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence sur les marchés de produits et performance économique en Suisse
    Keywords: Economics ; Switzerland
    Abstract: The strength of product market competition plays an important role in ensuring dynamic economic growth. This paper examines product market competition and its link with economic performance in Switzerland whose growth has been weaker than in most OECD countries since 1980. It shows that substantial progress in reforming product markets can be made in many areas, which would contribute to reduce the excessive price differential vis-à-vis other countries and stimulate growth. These reforms should focus on the legal framework of competition, the network industries, the health sector, the revision of the Domestic Market Act, agriculture, the restriction on parallel imports and, more generally, the opening up of services to foreign competition ...
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.21
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Most Western countries have a long tradition of employment service provision by public bodies and non-profit organisations, but not by for-profit organisations. The creation of a quasi-market arrangement is not a simple choice for government. This paper underscores the difficulties and discusses design options. It calls for a complex balancing act between regulation and the creation of room for market competition, between old and new instruments and procedures, and between efficiency and equity. It identifies as two key issues the need to actively create sufficient room for market competition, and the need for "positive creaming" which encourages providers to concentrate their efforts on the most disadvantaged target groups. The paper starts by stating the principles and preconditions for market competition, with a focus on possible quasi-market arrangements for strengthening service provision for the long-term unemployed in Flanders. It sets out four models for contracting with ...
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.408
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This article investigates issues related to industrial restructuring in Russia. Based on extensive sectoral data it examines, more particularly, levels and changes in labour productivity, unit labour costs and revealed comparative advantages for a large number of Russian industrial sectors. The main findings are the following. First, impressive increases in labour productivity have been achieved since 1997, especially during the post-crisis period. Secondly, this has been true for all major sectors, with the exception of those which are still predominantly state controlled or which suffer from strong state interference. Thirdly, there have been significant relative adjustments within the industrial sector, as labour productivity increased more in less productive sectors. Since the crisis, relative unit labour costs have also adjusted considerably, as less competitive sectors experienced relatively slower wage growth and larger labour force reductions. Fourthly, international ...
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.15
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Governments often look to private health insurance (PHI) as a possible means of addressing some health system challenges. For example, they may consider enhancing its role as an alternative source of health financing and a way to increase system capacity, or promoting it as a tool to further additional health policy goals, such as enhanced individual responsibility. In some countries policy makers regard PHI as a key element of their health coverage systems While private health insurance represents, on average, only a small share of total health funding across the OECD area, it plays a significant role in health financing in some OECD countries and it covers at least 30% of the population in a third of the OECD members. It also plays a variety of roles, ranging from primary coverage for particular population groups to a supporting role for public systems. This paper assesses evidence on the effects of PHI in different national contexts and draws conclusions about its ...
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264079144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.46
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of amphibian metamorphosis with the view to use amphibian metamorphosis as a model for the detection of chemicals affecting the thyroid axis in vertebrates.
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.4
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the fourth in this series, presenting the German SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.238
    Keywords: Development ; Millenniumsziele ; Demoskopie
    Abstract: Monitoring changes in public awareness and attitudes in rich countries towards aid and other international development policy issues is extremely difficult: due to lack of systematic polling or monitoring, there is no reliable, comparable data across DAC member countries. This paper suggests a way to address this problem: a common questionnaire for all DAC countries to use in their national surveys, centred on the Millennium Development Goals. It sums up the process that led to the setting up of this questionnaire, provides a short analysis of the main methodological issues and brings together three versions, respectively for face-to-face, phone or mail processing. These should allow information and communication professionals, as well as policy makers, to improve the comparability of public opinion surveys in OECD DAC member countries on development and the MDGs, especially if — as proposed by the European Commission’s Directorate General for Development — parts of the ...
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.17
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (GFAP), popularly known as the Dayton Peace Agreement (DPA) since it was negotiated and initialed at a U.S. Air Force base in Dayton, Ohio, defined Bosnia and Herzegovina as a state consisting of two entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and the Republika Srpska (RS). In accordance with international law, Bosnia and Herzegovina continued the legal existence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with its internal structure modified, but within the existing, internationally recognised, borders. The Federation covers 51 per cent of the state territory, that is, 26 110 sq km. Geographically, the Federation occupies central and western parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, although the two entities are intertwined, which makes it difficult to attach to them geographical designations. Moreover, according to the DPA, the entities do not have jurisdiction over border control. The last official census took place in 1991, but the Federation Bureau of Statistics published on 30 June 2003 an official estimate of population figures. According to the Bureau, in summer 2003 the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina had 2 839 215 inhabitants, of which 2 321 058 actually resided in the Federation. The remaining 518 157 persons were categorized as refugees.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264084971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Application des Principes de BPL aux études in vitro
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this document is to facilitate the proper application and interpretation of the GLP Principles for the organisation and management of in vitro studies, and to provide guidance for the appropriate application of the GLP Principles to in vitro studies, both for test facilities (management, QA, study director and personnel), and for national GLP compliance monitoring authorities. This Advisory Document intends to provide such additional interpretation of the Principles and guidance for their application to in vitro studies carried out for regulatory purposes. It is organised in such a way as to provide easy reference to the GLP Principles by following the sequence of the different parts of these GLP Principles.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.410
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This paper examines the state of the Russian banking sector in 2004 and assesses the most important reform initiatives of the last two years, including deposit insurance legislation, a major reform of the framework for prudential supervision, steps to increase transparency in the sector, and measures to facilitate the development of specific banking activities. The overall conclusion that emerges from this analysis is that the Russian authorities’ approach to banking reform is to be commended. The design of the reform strategy reflects an awareness of the need for a ‘good fit’ between its major elements, and the main lines of the reform address some of the principal problems of the sector. The major lacuna in the Russian bank reform strategy concerns the future of state-owned banks. Despite a long-standing official commitment to reducing the role of the state – and of the Bank of Russia in particular – in the ownership of credit institutions, there is still a need for a much more ...
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.237
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Natural disasters (droughts, earthquakes, epidemics, floods, wind storms) damage wellbeing, both in their immediate and long-term aftermath, and because the insecurity of exposure to disasters is in itself harmful to risk-averse people. As such, mitigating and coping with the risk of natural disasters is a pressing issue for economic development. This paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding natural disasters. Disasters, which imply tragic human costs, are distinguished from hazards, which are events like earthquakes or flooding: hazards only translate into disasters when societies are vulnerable to them. Consequently international development policy can play a role in reducing the costs of disasters by addressing vulnerability. A review of two recent disasters — the Turkish earthquakes of 1999, and Hurricane Mitch in 1998 — illustrates the importance of precarious urbanisation and environmental degradation for increased vulnerability to natural hazards. These cases ...
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264070301
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 220; Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 220: Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproductive output of the enchytraeid worm, Enchytraeus albidus Henle 1873, in soil. Adult enchytraeid worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance mixed into an artificial soil. Ten worms are randomly allocated to each test vessel. A range-finding test should be used, for two weeks, in case of no sufficient information. The duration of the definitive test is six weeks. At the end the total number of juveniles produced by parent animal and the survival of parent animals are assessed. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. The study report should include the adult morphological changes, the number of offspring. The reproductive output of the animals exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or ECx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output. The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation.
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  • 92
    Language: French
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.24
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovative Approaches to Funding the Millennium Development Goals
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Après Monterrey, en dépit des initiatives des bailleurs de fonds, les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement manquent de financements. • Les critères de sélection de nouvelles ressources sont : leur rendement potentiel, leur complémentarité et la rapidité de leur mobilisation, ainsi que la faisabilité politique de cette mobilisation. • Au vu de ces conditions, il est peu probable qu’une taxation au niveau mondial puisse être mise en place à temps. • La Facilité de financement international, des garanties publiques et l’émission de titres obligataires au niveau mondial pourraient être utilisées conjointement et sont davantage susceptibles de procurer les fonds nécessaires à la réalisation des Objectifs du Millénaire. • Augmenter l’APD est le moyen le plus simple et le plus sûr d’éviter que les Objectifs manquent de ressources.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A New Library for Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: En Irlande, la nouvelle bibliothèque de L'Institut de technologie Galway-Mayo (GMIT) est novatrice par sa conception, satisfait aux conditions environnementales et identifie le campus à son emplacement.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.12
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: While France has a universal public health insurance system, the coverage it provides is incomplete and the vast majority the French population has private complementary health insurance. Among OECD countries, the share of health care financed by private insurance is third highest behind the US and the Netherlands, two countries where private coverage is the primary source of payment for a large percentage of the population. France’s high rate of private insurance coverage is partly explained by historical factors and partly by the preferential tax treatment of employer-sponsored coverage. Because of the high rate of employerprovision – roughly half of all contracts are obtained through the workplace – coverage tends to vary with activity and industry classification. Historically, coverage was also positively related with income. In 2000, the French government introduced a new program, the Couverture Maladie Universelle (CMU), which extended eligibility for publicly funded ...
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264105171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Bulgarie 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Bulgarie 2004
    Keywords: Education ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: This book gives an overview of the Bulgarian education system and describes its development since its development over the past decade. It provides an analysis of the entire education system, and identifies key directions for the reinforcement of the reform process in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students under rather difficult conditions.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789282123140
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulatory Reform of Railways in Russia
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme de la réglementation des chemins de fer en Russie
    Keywords: Transport ; Russian Federation
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264071131
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 430; In Vitro Skin Corrosion; Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 430: In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le Système Général Harmonisé de Classification et d'Étiquetage des Produits Chimiques définit la corrosion cutanée comme la survenue de lésions irréversibles de la peau après l'application d’une substance d'essai. La substance d'essai (150 µL pour des liquides ou des solides auxquels sont ajouté 150µL de l'eau désionisée) est appliquée pendant une durée n’excédant pas 24 heures sur les surfaces épidermiques des disques de peau (trois disques de peau sont employés pour chaque substance d'essai et de contrôle) dans un système d'essai à deux compartiments dans lequel les disques de peau font office de séparation entre les compartiments. Les disques de peau sont pris sur des rats âgés 28-30 jours euthanasiés. Les substances corrosives sont identifiées par leur capacité à produire une perte de l’intégrité du stratum corneum normal et de sa fonction de barrière, qui est mesurée par la réduction du RET au-dessous d'un seuil d'avertissement (5kΩ pour le rat). Une étape de coloration incorporée à la procédure d'essai permet de déterminer si l'augmentation de la perméabilité ionique est due à la destruction physique du stratum corneum.
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.234
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Donor agencies and policy makers tend to agree that increased access of women to education, health, credit, formal legal rights and employment opportunities, in conjunction with economic growth, will substantially improve the socio-economic role of women in developing countries. This paper challenges that view. It argues that these measures might not be sufficient if the institutional framework within a country constrains women from participating in economic activities. It finds that social institutions — laws, norms, traditions and codes of conduct — constitute the most important single factor determining women’s freedom of choice in economic activities. They have not only a direct impact on the economic role of women but also an indirect one through women’s access to resources like education and health care. The findings suggest that an institutional framework that disadvantages half of the adult population hinders development. To address gender inequalities effectively, policy ...
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Building on an earlier study of patterns on firm entry, exit growth and survival based on new data from Eurostat covering nine European Union member countries (Brandt, 2004), this paper takes a closer look at the role of policies and institutions for firm entry and survival and at the link between new firm creation and economic performance. The earlier study revealed that firm entry rates, i.e. the number of new firms in a market in relation to all active enterprises, were particularly high in Information and Communication (ICT) related industries in recent years. This lends some support to the idea present in some theories of economic growth that new firms are important for the development and implementation of new technologies. This paper takes a closer look at the relationship between firm entry and economic performance. Results reveals that high rates of firm entry tend to coincide with rapid productivity, output and employment growth, especially in the ICT related services ...
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.2
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Organisation des negociations fondées sur le principe des "offres et requêtes" dans le cadre de l'AGCS : Le cas des services juridiques
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This study forms part of on-going OECD work on trade in services, in co-operation with UNCTAD, aimed at assisting WTO Members in managing request-offer negotiations under the GATS. The key objective is to help officials of WTO Members in both gaining a greater insight into the particular issues of importance in the legal services sector and how they might be approached in the negotiations. While only modest liberalisation of legal services trade was achieved during the Uruguay Round, the current negotiations offer the opportunity to achieve greater levels of liberalisation, which may lead to significant economic benefits to all countries. In addition, the peculiar characteristic of legal services is that the potential downsides stemming from liberalisation — both in terms of market failures to achieve social objectives and of the displacement of local suppliers — are likely to be less significant in these services.
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