ISBN:
9783030327385
Language:
English
Pages:
1 Online-Ressource (274 Seiten)
Series Statement:
Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies
Parallel Title:
Erscheint auch als Minson, Shona Maternal Sentencing and the Rights of the Child
DDC:
364.65
Keywords:
Prison sentences
;
Women prisoners
;
Children of prisoners
;
Menschenrecht
;
Weibliche Strafgefangene
;
Mutter
;
Kind
;
Weibliche Strafgefangene
;
Mutter
;
Kind
;
Menschenrecht
Description / Table of Contents:
Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- Aims and Structure -- Part I -- Part II -- Part III -- References -- Part I The Foundations -- 2 The Invisibility of Women and Their Children in the Criminal Justice System -- State Separation of Children from Their Parents -- The Family Court Practice -- The Criminal Court Practice -- Children of Imprisoned Parents -- Women in Prison in England and Wales -- Women in Prison: 1995-2006 -- Women in Prison: 2007-2016 -- Increasing Visibility and Numbers -- The Impacts of Parental Imprisonment on Children -- Describing the Harms -- The Doctrine of Double Effect -- Defendant Responsibility -- Collateral Damage or Collateral Consequences -- Punishment Drift -- Reconceptualising the Harms -- Secondary Prisonisation of Children and Caregivers -- Secondary Stigmatisation -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Methodological Choices and Challenges -- Research Design -- Methodological Choices -- Mixed-Methods Design -- Triangulation of Data -- Direct Engagement with Children -- Procedural and Practice Ethics -- Methodological Challenges -- Access -- Power Dynamics -- Bias and Reflexivity -- The Research Participants -- Families in Which Child(ren) and Caregiver Were Interviewed -- Families in Which Only the Child(ren) Were Interviewed -- Families in Which Only the Caregiver Was Interviewed -- Families in Which Only the Child Took Part by Completing the Questionnaire -- References -- Part II Explanations for the Differentiated Treatment of Children of Defendant Mothers -- 4 Explanation 1: Children Are Not Adversely Impacted When Their Mother Is Imprisoned -- Introduction -- Overview of International Research Findings -- Understanding the Impact -- Secondary Prisonisation -- The Changes Children Experience as a Consequence of Their Mother's Physical Removal -- Physical Separation -- Change of Caregiver
Description / Table of Contents:
Changes to Home -- Changes to Education -- The Changes Children Experience in Their Relationship with Their Mother -- Maintaining a Relationship -- The Changed Dynamic of the Mother and Child Relationship -- 'Secondary Stigmatisation' -- 'Confounding Grief': Children's Emotional and Behavioural Responses -- Grief -- Anger and Physical Aggression -- Sleep Problems and Regressive Behaviours -- Problems at School -- Anger at Authority -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Explanation 2: The State Duty of Care Towards Children Does not Extend to Children of Defendant Mothers -- Statutory Obligations Towards Children in England and Wales -- 'The Welfare of the Child' -- The Children Act 1989 -- The Threshold Criteria -- Post-1989 Developments -- Non-statutory Obligations Towards Children in England and Wales -- State Initiated Separation of a Child from Their Parent -- Family Court Proceedings: During the Court Proceedings -- Family Court Proceedings: After Separation from Their Parent -- Criminal Court Proceedings: During the Court Proceedings -- Criminal Court Proceedings: After Separation from Their Parent -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Explanation 3: Sentencers Are Not Permitted, or Are Unable, to Consider the Welfare of Children of Defendant Mothers -- Sentencing Practice in England and Wales -- Sentencing Guidelines and Authorities -- Judicial Awareness of Sentencing Guidelines and Authorities -- Judicial Understanding of the Impact of Maternal Imprisonment -- Assumptions Affecting Judicial Decision-Making -- The Age of the Child -- The Mother and Child Relationship: The Adequacy of the Mother as a Parent -- The Child's Socio-Economic Status -- Kinship Care -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 Reasons for the Differentiated Treatment -- Introduction -- Constructions of Children Within the Courts
Description / Table of Contents:
Separation of the Courts: Labeling and Secondary Stigmatisation of Children -- The Invisibility of Women and Misunderstood Notions of Gender Equality and Fairness -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III The Implications of the Differentiated Treatment of Children Whose Mothers Are Sentenced in the Criminal Courts -- 8 Implications for Wider Society -- Introduction -- The Impact on Caregivers Who Provide Care for the Children of Imprisoned Mothers -- Selection of Caregivers -- Health -- Dependents -- Spouses and Partners -- Changes to Work and Finance -- Personal Cost -- The Influence of the Caregiver Relationship -- The Impact of Maternal Imprisonment on a Child's Life Chances -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Implications for the State -- Punishment or Punishing? -- Collateral Consequences -- Constructions and Justifications of Third-Party Harms -- The Way Forward -- A Change in Penological Thinking -- A Change in the Use of Imprisonment -- A Change in the State's Response: Mitigating Harm and Residual Obligations -- An Example of Change: South Africa -- Conclusion -- References -- 10 Where Are We Now? -- Reflections on Change 2011-2019 -- Legal Education -- Children's Rights Awareness -- Sentencing Guidelines in England and Wales -- Policy Implications of the Research -- Relevance of the Findings Beyond Children of Defendant Mothers -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix A -- Methods -- Children and Caregivers -- Sentencers -- Data Analysis -- References -- Appendix B -- Limitations of the Research -- Appendix C -- Appendix D -- Appendix E -- Personal Mitigation -- Sentencing Vignettes -- Index
Note:
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