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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (69)
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  • Online Resource  (85)
  • English  (85)
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  • 1980-1984  (17)
  • 1970-1974  (85)
  • 1950-1954  (11)
  • 1945-1949  (11)
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  • Philosophy (General)  (51)
  • Social sciences.  (18)
  • Ethnologie  (8)
  • Literatur
  • Volkskunde
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Language
Years
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Champaign, Ill. : Univ. of Illinois Press ; 1.1888 - ; auch mit durchgehender Nr.-Zählung
    ISSN: 1535-1882 , 0021-8715
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1888 - ; auch mit durchgehender Nr.-Zählung
    Additional Information: In Literature online
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Journal of American folklore
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Gesehen am 23.05.24
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Thousand Oaks, Calif.] :Sage Publications ; Print began with vol. 1 (Jan./Mar. 1965).
    ISSN: 1552-6879 , 0021-8863
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Print began with vol. 1 (Jan./Mar. 1965).
    Uniform Title: Journal of applied behavioral science (Online)
    Parallel Title: Journal of applied behavioral science
    DDC: 305
    Keywords: Social sciences Periodicals. ; Social sciences. ; Psychology ; Electronic journals. ; Periodicals.
    Note: Also issued in print. , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
    URL: Backfiles:  ((FirstSearch)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [New York, N.Y.] :Sage Pub. ; Print began in 1947.
    ISSN: 1741-282X , 0018-7267
    Language: English
    Edition: Electronic reproduction. [Place of publication not identified] : HathiTrust Digital Library, 2010.
    Dates of Publication: Print began in 1947.
    Uniform Title: Human relations (Online)
    Parallel Title: Print version: Human relations
    DDC: 300.5
    Keywords: Social sciences Periodicals. ; Interpersonal Relations ; Social Sciences ; Sciences sociales Périodiques. ; Social sciences. ; Betriebsklima. ; Arbeitszufriedenheit. ; Arbeitsbeziehungen. ; Personalwirtschaft. ; Electronic journals. ; Periodical ; Periodicals.
    Note: Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
    URL: Backfiles  ((FirstSearch))
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | London : Inst. ; Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1872 - 95.1965; N.S. 1.1995 - 5.1999
    ISSN: 0025-1496 , 1359-0987
    Language: English
    Edition: Digital. Ausg. München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum
    Dates of Publication: Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1872 - 95.1965; N.S. 1.1995 - 5.1999
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Anthropological Society of London [Tb1] Memoirs read before the Anthropological Society of London
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Ethnological Society Journal of the Ethnological Society of London
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Journal of anthropology
    Former Title: Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
    Former Title: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
    Subsequent Title: 1966 - 1994 aufgeg. in Man
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zusatz ab N.S. 1.1995 , Ersch. vierteljährl. , Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus; New York, NY : Johnson , Digital. Ausg.: München : Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum, 2013-2018
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | London : Inst. ; Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1872 - 95.1965; N.S. 1.1995 - 5.1999
    ISSN: 0025-1496 , ISSN 1359-0987 , ISSN 1359-0987
    Language: English
    Edition: München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum 2013-2018 Digital. Ausg.: München : Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum, 2013-2018
    Dates of Publication: Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1872 - 95.1965; N.S. 1.1995 - 5.1999
    Additional Information: 1966 - 1994 aufgeg. in Man
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Anthropological Society of London [Tb1] Memoirs read before the Anthropological Society of London
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Ethnological Society Journal of the Ethnological Society of London
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Journal of anthropology
    Former Title: Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
    Former Title: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
    Note: Zusatz ab N.S. 1.1995 , Ersch. vierteljährl , Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus; New York, NY : Johnson , Digital. Ausg.: München : Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum, 2013-2018
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press ; 1.1928 -
    ISSN: 1750-0184 , 0001-9720 , 0001-9720
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1928 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Africa
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Ethnologie ; Kultur ; Wert ; Norm ; Kulturstandard ; Gesellschaft ; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung ; Afrika Ethnologie/Volkskunde ; Kultur ; Kulturelle Werte und Normen ; Gesellschaft ; Soziale Beziehungen ; Afrika ; Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Kultur ; Afrika ; Gesellschaft ; Afrika ; Afrika
    Note: Gesehen am 05.01.2012
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Wechselnde Verlagsorte] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; Nr. 6.1970 -
    ISSN: ISSN 1095-3000 , ISSN 1095-3000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 6.1970 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania Newsletter of the Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania
    Former Title: Vorg Association for Social Anthropology in Eastern Oceania Newsletter
    Former Title: Newsletter
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Ozeanien ; Ethnologie
    Note: Gesehen am 07.02.2017 , Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beverly Hills, Calif. :Sage Publications, ; Vol. 1 (Sept. 1969)- .
    ISSN: 0044-118X (Print) , 1552-8499 (Digital)
    Language: English
    Pages: computer files (volumes : , illustrations)
    Dates of Publication: Vol. 1 (Sept. 1969)- .
    Uniform Title: Youth & society [digital].
    DDC: 305
    Keywords: Social sciences. ; Sociology. ; Social psychology. ; Social Sciences ; Sociology ; Adolescent ; Psychology, Social ; Sciences sociales. ; Sociologie. ; Psychologie sociale. ; social sciences. ; sociology. ; social psychology. ; Social psychology ; Social sciences ; Sociology ; Fulltext. ; Internet Resources. ; Periodicals.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press ; 1.1928 -
    ISSN: 1750-0184 , ISSN 0001-9720 , ISSN 0001-9720
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1928 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Africa
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Ethnologie ; Wert ; Norm ; Kulturstandard ; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung ; Afrika Ethnologie/Volkskunde ; Kultur ; Kulturelle Werte und Normen ; Gesellschaft ; Soziale Beziehungen ; Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Kultur ; Afrika ; Gesellschaft
    Note: Gesehen am 16.04.2024
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  • 10
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London [u.a.] : Routledge ; 1.1890 -
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group | Leeds : Maney ; 1.1963 -
    ISSN: 1759-670X , 0430-8778 , 0430-8778
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1963 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Folk life
    Former Title: Vorg. Gwerin
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Großbritannien ; Volkskunde ; Volkskultur
    Note: Gesehen am 30.03.16
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chicago, Ill. : Univ. of Chicago Press ; 1.1942 -
    ISSN: 1545-6978 , 0022-2968
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1942 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Journal of Near Eastern studies
    Former Title: Vorg.: The American journal of Semitic languages and literatures
    DDC: 890
    RVK:
    Keywords: Semitische Sprachen ; Literatur ; Semitische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Semitische Sprachen ; Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Semitische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 07.06.2019
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Champaign, Ill. : Univ. of Illinois Press ; 1.1888 - ; auch mit durchgehender Nr.-Zählung
    ISSN: 1535-1882 , 0021-8715
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1888 - ; auch mit durchgehender Nr.-Zählung
    Additional Information: In Literature online
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The journal of American folklore
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Volkskunde ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Gesehen am 03.01.22
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Göttingen : Copernicus Publications | Bern : Verb. | Zürich : GEGZ | Bern : Kümmerly & Frey ; 1.1946 -
    ISSN: 2194-8798 , 0016-7312 , 0016-7312
    Language: German , French , Italian , English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Geographica Helvetica
    Former Title: Vorg. Geographisch-Ethnographische Gesellschaft Zürich Mitteilungen der Geographisch-Ethnographischen Gesellschaft Zürich
    Former Title: Vorg. Der Schweizer Geograph
    Former Title: schweizerische Zeitschrift für Länder- und Völkerkunde
    Former Title: schweizerische Zeitschrift für Geographie und Völkerkunde
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Schweiz ; Geografie ; Volkskunde
    Note: Gesehen am 23.11.20 , Beteil. Körp. anfangs: Geographische Gesellschaft Bern; teils: Verband der Schweizer Geographen , Texte anfangs dt., franz. oder ital., ab 54.1999 dt., engl. oder franz.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press ; 1.1928 -
    ISSN: 1750-0184 , 0001-9720 , 0001-9720
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1928 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Africa
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Ethnologie ; Wert ; Norm ; Kulturstandard ; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung ; Afrika Ethnologie/Volkskunde ; Kultur ; Kulturelle Werte und Normen ; Gesellschaft ; Soziale Beziehungen ; Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Kultur ; Afrika ; Gesellschaft
    Note: Gesehen am 16.04.2024
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pittsburgh, Pa. : Univ. of Pittsburgh ; 1.1962 - 51.2012,2; damit Ersch. eingest.
    ISSN: 2160-3510 , 0014-1828
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1962 - 51.2012,2; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Ethnology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Elektronische Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Ethnologie
    Note: Gesehen am 07.05.15
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York : Basic Books
    ISBN: 046503425X , 0465097197 , 9780465097197
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 470 p.)
    Edition: Sekundärausgabe Alexandria, VA Alexander Street Press 2012 (Anthropology online)
    Parallel Title: Reproduktion von Geertz, Clifford The interpretation of cultures
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 301.2
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Culture ; Ethnology ; Sozialanthropologie ; Kulturphilosophie ; Ethnologie ; Politisches System ; Kultur ; Kulturanthropologie ; Kulturtheorie ; Politische Entscheidung ; Kulturelles System ; Bali ; Indonesien ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Indonesien ; Kulturanthropologie ; Kulturanthropologie ; Kultur ; Kulturphilosophie ; Kulturelles System ; Kulturtheorie ; Ethnologie ; Politisches System ; Sozialanthropologie ; Bali ; Politische Entscheidung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401025294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 190 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 54
    DDC: 160
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ithaca : Cornell University Press
    ISBN: 9781501707667 , 1501707663 , 9780801491528 , 0801491525
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 336 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Cornell paperbacks 152
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Buell, Lawrence Literary transcendentalism
    DDC: 810/.9/38
    Keywords: American literature History and criticism 19th century ; Transcendentalism (New England) ; American literature, 19th century History and criticism. ; Transcendentalism (New England) ; American literature ; United States Intellectual life 1783-1865 ; United States Intellectual life, 1783-1865. ; United States ; USA ; Literatur ; Transzendentalismus ; USA ; Transzendentalismus
    Abstract: Broader in scope than any previous literary study of the transcendentalists, this rewarding book analyzes the theories and forms characteristic of a vital group of American writers, as well as the principles and vision underlying transcendentalism. All the movement's major literary figures and forms are considered in detail. Lawrence Buell combines intellectual history and critical explication, giving equal attention to general trends and to particular works and individuals. His chapters on conversation, religious discourse, catalog rhetoric, and literary travelogue treat intensively topics that have been relatively neglected. His analyses of Ellery Channing's poetry and the use of persona in Emerson and Very are also innovative. In the final section, he offers the first systematic account of the autobiographical tradition in transcendentalist writing
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. Background and general principles: The emergence of the transcendentalist aesthetic from American unitarianism -- Transcendentalist literary method: inspiration versus craftmanship -- pt. 2. The living word: From conversation to essay -- From sermon to scripture -- pt. 3. Word and world: nature as a model for literary form: Emerson and the idea of microcosmic form -- Catalogue rhetoric -- Thoreau and the literary excursion -- Thoreau's A week -- Ellery Channing: the major phase of a minor poet -- pt. 4. The first person: Transcendentalist self-examination and autobiographical tradition -- Emerson and Thoreau: soul versus self -- Transcendental egoism in Very and Whitman.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789401024631
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 174 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas, Series Minor 11
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction: A New University and the Challenge of the New Science -- II. Franco Burgersdijck: Late Scholasticism at Leiden -- III. Tumult over Cartesianism -- IV. Joannes de Raey: The Introduction of Cartesian Physics at Leiden -- V. Passing Crises, enduring Disagreement -- VI. The Practice of Philosophy -- VII. ’s Gravesande and Musschenbroek: Newtonianism at Leiden -- VIII. Conclusion: Science, Philosophy and Pedagogy -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: 2 result of the attitudes characteristic of the small group of permanent residents at the schools, the academic scholars. This conservatism, however, was not everywhere equally efficacious. In the sixteenth century, the universities of northern Italy, Padua above all, had nurtured an intellectual ferment of considerable significance to the rise of the new science, and they continued to be penetrated by the influence of that science throughout the seventeenth century. The Uni­ versity of Oxford momentarily played host to' leading members of the English scientific community during the Commonwealth period, and Cambridge was shortly to boast the genius of Isaac Newton. Indeed, a small number of the one-hundred-odd universities in Europe strove more or less purposefully to come to grips with the new science and to in­ at least, within the body of learning for which they corporate facets of it, 2 held themselves responsible. Among the most notable of these more progressive schools must be included the University of Leiden, recently founded by the Lowlanders in revolt against the King of Spain, Philip II. The doors of the University of Leiden had first opened, to be sure, in the midst of rebellion, and had been forced open, as it were, by rumors of peace. In 1572, the revolt, with the Calvinists now clearly in the van, acquired what was to prove an enduring foothold in the maritime prov­ inces of Holland and Zeeland.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789401025065
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (534p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 49
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 49
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Grammar -- 1. Sentence Stress and Syntactic Transformations -- 2. The Acquisition of Phonology and Syntax: A Preliminary Study -- 3. A Syntactical Analysis of Some First-Grade Readers -- 4. A Computational Treatment of Case Grammar -- 5. Identifiability of a Class of Transformational Grammars -- 6. On the Insufficiency of Surface Data for the Learning of Transformational Languages -- 7. Nonfiltering and Local-Filtering Transformational Grammars -- II. Semantics -- 8. Grammar and Logic: Some Borderline Problems -- 9. Comments on Hintikka’s Paper -- 10. The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English -- 11. Comments on Montague’s Paper -- 12. Comments on Montague’s Paper -- 13. Mass Terms in English -- 14. Comments on Moravcsik’s Paper -- 15. Comments on Moravcsik’s Paper -- 16. Comments on Moravcsik’s Paper -- 17. Reply to Comments -- 18. The Semantics of Belief-Sentences -- 19. Comments on Professor Partee’ s Paper -- 20. Comments on Partee’s Paper -- 21. Semantics of Context-free Fragments of Natural Languages -- 22. Representation of the Montague Semantics as a Form of the Suppes Semantics with Applications to the Problem of the Introduction of the Passive Voice, the Tenses, and Negation as Transformations -- III. Special Topics -- 23. On the Problem of Subject Structure in Language with Application to Late Archaic Chinese -- 24. Comments on Cheng’s Paper -- 25. Some Considerations for the Process of Topicalization -- 26 Late Lexicalizations -- 27. Bob and Carol and Ted and Alice.
    Abstract: The papers and comments published in the present volume represent the proceedings of a research workshop on the grammar and semantics of natural languages held at Stanford University in the fall of 1970. The workshop met first for three days in September and then for a period of two days in November for extended discussion and analysis. The workshop was sponsored by the Committee on Basic Research in Education, which has been funded by the United States Office of Education through a grant to the National Academy of Education and the National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council. We acknowledge with pleasure the sponsorship which made possible a series oflively and stimulating meetings that were both enjoyable and instructive for the three of us, and, we hope, for most of the participants, including a number of local linguists and philosophers who did not contribute papers but actively joined in the discussion. One of the central participants in the workshop was Richard Montague. We record our sense of loss at his tragic death early in 1971, and we dedicate this volume to his memory. None of the papers in the present volume discusses explicitly problems of education. In our view such a discussion is neither necessary nor sufficient for a contribution to basic research in education. There are in fact good reasons why the kind of work reported in the present volume constitutes an important aspect of basic research in education.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461582588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 421 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Corrosion and Deposition of Steels and Nickel-Base Alloys in Liquid Sodium -- Chemistry of Solid-Liquid Metal Reactions -- Corrosion and Deposition Observations -- Corrosion Models -- Discussion of the Proposed Corrosion Equation -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Titanium Alloys -- Physical Metallurgy of Titanium -- Electrochemistry of Titanium -- Presentation of Stress-Corrosion Cracking Data -- Fracture -- Discussion -- Practical Aspects of SCC of Titanium Alloys -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Intergranular Corrosion of Iron-Nickel-Chromium Alloys -- The Iron-Nickel-Chromium System -- Phenomenology and Models -- Experimental Techniques and Method -- Summary -- References -- Note Added in Proof.
    Abstract: This series was organized to provide a forum for review papers in the area of corrosion. The aim of these reviews is to bring certain areas of corrosion science and technology into a sharp focus. The volumes of this series are published approximately on a yearly basis and each contains three to five reviews. The articles in each volume are sekcted in such a way as to be of interest both to the corrosion scientists and the corrosion technologists. There is, in fact, a particular aim in juxtaposing these interests because of the importance of mutual interaction and interdisciplinarity so important in corrosion studies. It is hoped that the corrosion scientists in this way may stay abreast of the activities in corrosion technology and vice versa. In this series the term "corrosion" is used in its very broadest sense. It includes, therefore, not only the degradation of metals in aqueous en­ vironment but also what is commonly referred to as "high-temperature oxidation. " Further, the plan is to be even more general than these topics; the series will include all solids and all environments. Today, engineering solids include not only metals but glasses, ionic solids, polymeric solids, and composites of these. Environments of interest must be extended to liquid metals, a wide variety of gases, nonaqueous electrolytes, and other non­ aqueous liquids.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401169165
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 223 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Modern Electrical Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Power Electronics and Rotating Electric Drives -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Power Electronics -- 1.3. Rotating Electric Drives -- References and Bibliography -- 2. The Thyristor -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Semiconductors -- 2.3. Thyristor Characteristics -- 2.4. Thyristor Turn-Off -- 2.5. Thyristor Ratings -- 2.6. Thyristor Manufacture -- 2.7. Thyristors in Circuitsx -- 2.8. Thyristor Protection Circuits -- 2.9. Relative Merits of Thyristors -- 2.10. The Bidirectional Triode Thyristor (Triac) -- 2.11. Summary -- Worked Examples -- References and Bibliography -- Problems -- 3. Induction Motor Control -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Induction Motor Starting -- 3.3. Induction Motor Speed Control -- References -- Problems -- 4. Direct Current Motor Control -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Starting Direct Current Motors -- 4.3. Speed Control of Direct Current Motors -- 4.4. Position Control by Direct Current Motors -- References and Bibliography -- Problems -- 5. Synchronous Motor Control -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Synchronous Motor Starting -- 5.3. Speed Control -- 5.4. Synchronous Motor Excitation -- 5.5. A Synchronous or a Direct Current Motor? -- References and Bibliography -- Appendices -- I. Logic Circuitry for Inverter Control -- II. Logic Circuitry for Bidirectional Converter -- III. Logic Circuitry for On-Off Servo -- References -- Additional Problems for Chapters One, Two, Three and Four.
    Abstract: The following pages are meant for those who wish to use thyristors. The details of the physics of semiconductor materials or the design of thyristors themselves are unnecessary here but a general description of the device may help to avoid pitfalls during electric circuit design. Thyristor is the internationally recognized name for a particular semi­ conductor device. The name is derived from the Greek, the first part meaning switch and the second part an association with the transistor family. It has a trade name, viz. SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) and it got this name principally because it is a silicon device and it is used as a rectifier which can be controlled. As a controlled switch it forms a group together with the electromagnetic relay, the thyratron and the mercury arc rectifier. The advantages and disadvantages of the thyristor become apparent in the process of describing the device and its range of application. However, the present general interest, development and use of the thyristor, indicates that for many cases its many advantages make it superior to other devices. Control of rotating electric machines is a major interest of the author so that in this book the applications of the thyristor are towards this end. Thyristors are used so much in connection with the control of machines that it is worthwhile to go into some details of both the electric drive to be controlled and the possible thyristor control units.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789401025713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books on Philosophy of Science, Methodology, and Epistemology Published in Connection with the University of Western Ontario Philosophy of Science Programme 1
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: The Concept of Obligation in the Context of Decision Theory -- Comments -- Reply to Professor Kyburg -- Behind Decision and Games Theory: Acting with a Co-Agent versus Acting Along with Nature -- Comments -- Comments -- Comments -- Measurement: A Systems Approach -- Comments -- Comments -- Utility Theory with Inexact Preferences and Degrees of Preference -- Information, Rewards, and Quasi-Utilities -- Open Action, Utility, and Utilitarianism -- Comments -- Emergent Utilities -- Cost-Benefit versus Expected Utility Acceptance Rules.
    Abstract: This volume grew out of the papers and comments presented at the Fifth University of Western Ontario Philosophy Colloquium, October 31- November 2, 1969. The colloquium papers were delivered by P. Suppes, R. B. Braithwaite, C. W. Churchman, and J. S. Minas. Comments are provided from others attending the colloquium, with one reply by P. Suppes. Also included are papers recently published elsewhere by A. Michalos, P. Fishburn and H. -N. Castaneda. The editors express thanks to these authors and to the editors of the following respective journals for per­ mission to publish: Theory and Decision, Synthese, and Critica. Finally, there is an extensive bibliography of decision theory, vis-a. -vis science and values. The editors wish to thank the officers of the University of Western Ontario for making the colloquium possible. THE EDITORS CONTENTS PREFACE V PATRICK SUPPES I The Concept of Obligation in the Context of Decision Theory 1 HENR Y KYBURG I Comments 15 PATRICK SUPPES I Reply to Professor Kyburg 19 R. B. BRAITHWAITE I Behind Decision and Games Theory: Acting with a Co-Agent versus Acting Along with Nature 22 ISAAC LEVI I Comments 56 RONALD GIERE I Comments 62 I. J. GOOD I Comments 67 C. WEST CHURCHMAN I Measurement: A Systems Approach 70 ISAAC LEVI I Comments 87 RONALD GIERE I Comments 95 PETER C. FISHBURN I Utility Theory with Inexact Preferences and Degrees of Preference 98 I. J.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401024983
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 48
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Book One - Part I -- Cosmological Explanation, B.C. -- The Conceptual Content of Book One, Part I -- The Historical Content of Book One, Part I -- Plato -- Eudoxos and ‘Plato’s Problem’ -- Aristotle -- Book One - Part II -- Ptolemy and Prediction -- Pre-Ptolemaic Anticipations -- Three Dimensional Variations of Ptolemy’s Technique -- Book Two - Part I -- The Medieval Rediscovery of Ptolemy’s Tool Box -- ‘The Ptolemaic System’ -- Supplementary Material for Book Two, Section A -- Book Two - Part II -- Copernicus’ Systematic Astronomy -- Further Aspects of Copernican Astronomy in Contrast to All that had Gone Before -- Supplement to Section on Copernican Theory -- Book Three - Part I -- Kepler and the ‘Clean’ Idea -- Supplementary Material for Book Three, Part I.
    Abstract: An occurrence is explained by being related to prior events through known laws. Other intellectual activities may also constitute explanation - but this much certainly does. Ideally, an explained occurrence (0) could have been predicted in a connected way - by extrapolation from prior events (e) via the same laws (L). Schematically, 1 Explanation: 0 -Lt, 2, 3-(e e e )'-AI t 2 3 01 Prediction: (e e e )I-L , 2, 3_ +.11 t 2 3 t Thus Mars' backward loop in late summer, 1956, is explained by showing how this follows from (e ) its mean distance from sun and earth, (e ) its t 2 mean period of revolution, (e ) its past positions relative to earth, etc. 3 - by way of the laws of Celestial Mechanics (including (Lt) Kepler's Laws and Galileo's, (L2) Newton's, and (L3) those of Laplace and Lagrange. Moreover, this loop (0) could have been predicted from such events (e -e ) via the laws of Celestial Mechanics. t 3 This is an ideal situation. It crystallized late in the history of planetary theory. The Greeks found explanations for heavenly motions: the back­ ward loops were explained to their satisfaction. But they could not predict these motions, not in terms of Attic explanatory cosmologies.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401165723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 83 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Mathematics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Content -- 1. Axioms for the Real Numbers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fields -- 3 Order -- 4 Completeness -- 5 Upper bound -- 6 The Archimedean property -- Exercises -- 2. Sequences -- 7 Limit of a sequence -- 8 Sequences without limits -- 9 Monotone sequences -- Exercises -- 3. Series -- 10 Infinite series -- 11 Convergence -- 12 Tests -- 13 Absolute convergence -- 14 Power series -- Exercises -- 4. Continuous Functions -- 15 Limit of a function -- 16 Continuity -- 17 The intermediate value property -- 18 Bounds of a continuous function -- Exercises -- 5. Differentiable Functions -- 19 Derivatives -- 20 Rolle’s theorem -- 21 The mean value theorem -- Exercises -- 6. The Riemann Integral -- 22 Introduction -- 23 Upper and lower sums -- 24 Riemann-integrable functions -- 25 Examples -- 26 A necessary and sufficient condition -- 27 Monotone functions -- 28 Uniform continuity -- 29 Integrability of continuous functions -- 30 Properties of the Riemann integral -- 31 The mean value theorem -- 32 Integration and differentiation -- Exercises -- Answers to the Exercises.
    Abstract: I have tried to provide an introduction, at an elementary level, to some of the important topics in real analysis, without avoiding reference to the central role which the completeness of the real numbers plays throughout. Many elementary textbooks are written on the assumption that an appeal to the complete­ ness axiom is beyond their scope; my aim here has been to give an account of the development from axiomatic beginnings, without gaps, while keeping the treatment reasonably simple. Little previous knowledge is assumed, though it is likely that any reader will have had some experience of calculus. I hope that the book will give the non-specialist, who may have considerable facility in techniques, an appreciation of the foundations and rigorous framework of the mathematics that he uses in its applications; while, for the intending mathe­ matician, it will be more of a beginner's book in preparation for more advanced study of analysis. I should finally like to record my thanks to Professor Ledermann for the suggestions and comments that he made after reading the first draft of the text.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789401026246
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in The History of Logic and Philosophy 7
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: Translation—Al-Qiy?s Book V -- One On Conditional Propositions and Their Types -- Two On Separative-Conditional Propositions -- Three Onthe Kinds of Combinations in Pure Conditional -- Four On Explaining the Meaning of the Universal, the Particular, the Indefinite and the Singular [Connective-] Conditional Proposition -- Five On the Universal Negative in [Connective-] Conditional Propositions -- Book VI -- One On the Syllogisms Compounded of Connective-Conditional Propositions Arranged in Three Figures -- Two On the Syllogisms Compounded of Connective and Separative Propositions -- Three On the Syllogisms Compounded of Separative Propositions -- Four Onthe Syllogisms Compounded of Predicative and Conditional Propositions -- Five On the Three Figures of the Syllogisms Compounded of a Predicative and a Conditional Proposition Where the Predicative Shares [Either Its Subject or Its Predicate] with [the Subject or the Predicate] of the Antecedent (of the Conditional Proposition) -- Six On the Three Figures of the Divided Syllogism -- Book VII -- One On Equipollence and Opposition Between Connective-Conditional Propositions -- Two On the Opposition Between Separative-Conditional Propositions and Separative- and Connective-Conditional Propositions and the State of Their Equipollence -- Three On the Conversion of the Connective Proposition -- Book VIII -- One On the Definition of the Exceptive Syllogism -- Two On the Enumeration of the Exceptive Syllogisms [which have a Separative-Conditional Premiss] -- Book IX -- One On Explaining that Exceptive Syllogisms Cannot Be Completed Except by Conjunctive Syllogisms -- Commentary -- Book V -- Book VI -- Book VII -- Book VIII -- Book IX.
    Abstract: The main purpose of this work is to provide an English translation of and commentary on a recently published Arabic text dealing with con­ ditional propositions and syllogisms. The text is that of A vicenna (Abu represents his views on the subject as they were held throughout his life.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025010
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (323p) , digital
    Edition: Revised and Enlarged English Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 9
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One/the Logical Theory of Scientific Knowledge -- Two/Signs -- Three/Terms -- Four/Sentences -- Five/Sentential Logic -- Six/the General Theory of Logical Entailment -- Seven/Formalization of the General Theory of Logical Entailment -- Eight/Subject-Predicate Structures -- Nine/Empirical And Abstract Objects -- Ten/Sentences with Quantifiers -- Eleven/Theory of Quantifiers -- Twelve/Conditional Sentences -- Thirteen/Theory of Terms -- Fourteen/Classes -- Fifteen/ Existential Logic -- Sixteen/ Modal Sentences -- Seventeen/ Relations -- Eighteen/ Physical Entailment -- Nineteen/ Theories -- Twenty/ Logic and Ontology -- Twenty-One/ the Universality of Logic -- Conclusion -- Append -- Proof of the Basic Theorems of the Theory of Logical -- Entailment -- G. A. Smirno -- Independence in the Systems of Logical Entailment -- E. A. Sidorenko -- Some Variants of the Systems of Logical Entailment -- E. A. Sidorenko -- Completeness of the Systems of Logical Entailment -- A. M. Fedina -- Completeness of Systems of Degenerate Entailment and Quasi-Entailment -- L. A. Bobrova -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science are devoted to symposia, con­ gresses, colloquia, monographs and collected papers on the philosophical foundations of the sciences. It is now our pleasure to include A. A. Zi­ nov'ev's treatise on complex logic among these volumes. Zinov'ev is one of the most creative of modern Soviet logicians, and at the same time an innovative worker on the methodological foundations of science. More­ over, Zinov'ev, although still a developing scholar, has exerted a sub­ stantial and stimulating influence upon his colleagues and students in Moscow and within other philosophical and logical circles of the Soviet Union. Hence it may be helpful, in bringing this present work to an English-reading audience, to review briefly some contemporary Soviet investigations into scientific methodology. During the 1950's, a vigorous new research program in logic was under­ taken, and the initial published work -characteristic of most Soviet pub­ lications in the logic and methodology of the sciences - was a collection of essays, Logical Investigations (Moscow, 1959). Among the authors, in addition to Zinov'ev himself, were the philosophers A. Kol'man and P. V. Tavanec, and the mathematicians and linguists, S. A. Janovskaja, A. S. Esenin-Vol'pin, S. K. Saumjan, G. N. Povarov.
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  • 30
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025577
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (779p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 40
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Subjects, Speakers, and Roles -- Deep Structure as Logical Form -- Troubles about Actions -- Act -- Some Problems Concerning the Logic of Grammatical Modifiers -- Pragmatics and Intensional Logic -- General Semantics -- On the Frame of Reference -- Naming and Necessity -- Proper Names and Identifying Descriptions -- Pragmatics -- The Semantics of Modal Notions and the Indeterminacy of Ontology -- Opacity, Coreference, and Pronouns -- Methodological Reflections on Current Linguistic Theory -- Grammar and Philosophy -- Analytic/Synthetic and Semantic Theory -- A Program for Syntax -- A Program for Logic -- Linguistics and Natural Logic -- Semantical Archaeology: A Parable -- On the Semantics of the Ought-To-Do -- Inference and Self-Reference -- What Is Said -- The Role of Inductive Reasoning in the Interpretation of Metaphor -- Probabilistic Grammars for Natural Languages -- Addenda to Saul A. Kripke’s Paper ‘Naming and Necessity’.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789401025454
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in RB [Rezension von: Moravcsik, J. M. E., Patterns in Plato's Thought] 1976
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 6
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: Knowledge and Its Objects in Plato -- Hintikka on Knowledge and Its Objects in Plato -- The Relation Between Plato’s Symposium and Phaedrus -- Comments on John Moore’s Paper -- The Second ‘Third Man’ -- The Second ‘Third Man’: an Interpretation -- Two Paradoxes in the Theaetetus -- Comments on Lewis -- Plato’s Method of Division -- Plato’s Method of Division -- False Logos and Not-Being in Plato’s Sophist.
    Abstract: In his teachings and through his choice of the dialogue-form as a mode of communication, Plato emphasized the communal aspect of intellectual work. The need for having a community work together is nowhere more apparent then when the intellectual task set is that of interpreting the ancient philosophers. Those of us who were fortunate enough to spend some of our years as students at Oxford found that among our most inspiring experiences were the meetings of the Oxford Aristotelian So­ ciety, as well as the seminars in which B.PhiI. students discussed Plato and Aristotle. Up until the past few years no such group existed on the West Coast. In the fall of 1970 some of us got together to form the West Coast Greek Philosophy Conference, which was within a short time renamed by Prof. T. Rosenmeyer as 'the Aristotelians of the West, Unincorporated'. In our monthly meetings we translate and discuss Greek philosophic texts. For the past two years the group has been working on Aristotle's 'Physics'.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789401023771
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée Sous Le Patronage Des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 50
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: My Own Life -- The Phenomenon of Language -- An Interpretation of the Doctrine of the Ego in Husserl’s Ideen -- The Philosophic Impact of the Facts Themselves -- Perceptual Coherence as the Foundation of the Judgment of Predication -- Husserl and Whitehead on the Concrete -- Being and Time: Some Aspects of the Ego’s Involvement in his Mental Life -- Husserl’s Doctrine of Noesis-Noema -- Evidence in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- Crossing the Manhattan Bridge -- Husserl’s Way into Phenomenology for Americans: A Letter and its Sequel -- The Art of Free Phantasy in Rigorous Phenomenological Science -- Append -- An Approach to Husserlian Phenomenology -- The Ideality of Verbal Expressions -- Perceiving, Remembering, Image-Awareness, Feigning Awareness -- Bibliography of the Writings of Dorion Cairns -- List of Contributors.
    Abstract: Under the title of "Phenomenology: Continuation and Crit­ icism," the group of essays in this volume are presented in honor of Dorion Cairns on his 70th birthday. The contributors comprise friends, colleagues and former students of Dorion Cairns who, each in his own way, share the interest of Dorion Cairns in Husserlian phenomenology. That interest itself may be best defined by these words of Edmund Husserl: "Philosophy - wis­ dom (sagesse) - is the philosopher's quite personal affair. It must arise as his wisdom, as his self-acquired knowledge tending toward universality, a knowledge for which he can answer from the beginning . . . " 1 It is our belief that only in the light of these words can phenomenology and phenomenological philosophy be continued, but always reflexively, critically. For over forty years Dorion Cairns has, through his teaching and writing, selflessly worked to bring the idea expressed by Husserl's words into self­ conscious exercise. In so doing he has, to the benefit of those who share his interest, confirmed Husserl's judgement of him that he is "among the rare ones who have penetrated into the deepest sense of my phenomenology, . . . who had the energy and persist­ ence not to desist until he had arrived at real understanding.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401024549
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 123 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 9
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics.
    Abstract: Note on the Text -- Editor’s Introduction -- Preface to the Two Inquiries -- Inquiry Concerning Beauty, Order, Harmony, Design -- Appendix: Hutcheson on Laughter -- Editor’s Introduction.
    Abstract: THE SENSE OF BEAUTY: A FIRST APPROXIMATION It is generally acknowledged that during the first half of the eighteenth century a profound change was wrought in the theory of art and natural beauty. To this period we owe the establishment of the modem system of the arts. 1 In England, the notion of a separate and autonomous disci­ pline devoted solely to art and to beauty came into being through the concept of "aesthetic disinterestedness. " 2 In addition, emphasis in the theory of art shifted from object to subject - from the work of art to the perceiver and critic. Focal point for this change was the sense of beauty which, in concert with the moral sense of the British school, represented a dominant force in Enlightenment value theory. It is Francis Hutcheson who, more than anyone else, can be thought of as the founder and principal spokesman of this philosophical coterie. If the aesthetic sense was instrumental in the transfer of interest, in the philosophy of art, from object to perceiver, the aesthetic and moral senses together were no less important in a parallel transference of value judgment from the rational to the sensate.
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  • 34
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401023917
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 740 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Introduction: The Problem of the Being of the Ego and the Fundamental Presuppositions of Ontology -- Section I. The Clarification of the Concept of Phenomenon: Ontological Monism -- Section II. The Repeating of the Clarification of the Concept of Phenomenon Transcendence and Immanence -- Section III. The Internal Structure of Immanence and the Problem of its Phenomenological Determination: The Invisible -- Section IV. The Fundamental Ontological Interpretation of the Original Essence of Revelation as Affectivity -- 71. The Problem of the Essence of Manifestation and ‘Splitting’ -- 72. Negativity Interpreted as a Category of Being -- 73. The Pseudo-Essence of Subjectivity and the Critique of Christianity -- 74. The Kingdom of Effective Presence and the Flight beyond All Effectiveness -- 75. Time and the Problem of the Manifestation of the Concept -- 76. Alienation: Finitude and the Inadequacy of Objective Manifestation -- 77. The Effort toward Absolute Knowledge.
    Abstract: This book was born of a refusal, the refusal of the very philosophy from which it has sprung. After the war, when it had become apparent that the classical tradition, and particularly neo-Kantianism, was breathing its last, French thought looked to Germany for its inspiration and renewal. Jean Hyppolite and Kojeve reintroduced Hegel and the "existentialists" and phenomenologists drew the attention of a curious public to the fundamental investigations of Husserl and Heidegger. If only by being understood as a phenomenological ontology, this books speaks eloquently enough of the debt it owes to these thinkers of genius. The conceptual material which it uses, particn1arly in chapters 1 to 44, outlines the Husserlian and Heideggerian horizon of the investigations. However, it is precisely this horizon which is questioned. In spite of its profundity and achievements, I wanted to show that contemporary ontology pushes to the absolute the presuppositions and the limits of the philosophy of consciousness since Descartes and even of all Western philosophy since the Greeks. An 'External' critique, viz. the opposing of one thesis to another, wonld have no sense whatever. Rather, it is interior to these presuppositions whose insufficiency had to be shown that we placed ourselves; the very concepts which were rejected were also the ones which guided the problem initially.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: The Problem of the Being of the Ego and the Fundamental Presuppositions of OntologySection I. The Clarification of the Concept of Phenomenon: Ontological Monism -- Section II. The Repeating of the Clarification of the Concept of Phenomenon Transcendence and Immanence -- Section III. The Internal Structure of Immanence and the Problem of its Phenomenological Determination: The Invisible -- Section IV. The Fundamental Ontological Interpretation of the Original Essence of Revelation as Affectivity -- 71. The Problem of the Essence of Manifestation and ‘Splitting’ -- 72. Negativity Interpreted as a Category of Being -- 73. The Pseudo-Essence of Subjectivity and the Critique of Christianity -- 74. The Kingdom of Effective Presence and the Flight beyond All Effectiveness -- 75. Time and the Problem of the Manifestation of the Concept -- 76. Alienation: Finitude and the Inadequacy of Objective Manifestation -- 77. The Effort toward Absolute Knowledge.
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  • 35
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401024105
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 142 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I Exposition -- I: The Search for Being -- II: The Other -- III: The Self -- IV: Existential Psychoanalysis -- V: General Summary -- II Evaluation -- VI: Sartre’s Phenomenological Method -- VII: Three Theses of L’Être et le Néant Criticized -- VIII: Sartre’s “Copernican Revolution”: An Interpretation -- IX: Final Evaluation -- Additional Bibliography.
    Abstract: "Why is my pain perpetual, and my wound incurable, which refuseth to be healed?" -Jeremiah "Existentialism" today refers to faddism, decadentism, morbidity, the "philosophy of the graveyard"; to words like fear, dread, anxiety, anguish, suffering, aloneness, death; to novelists such as Jean-Paul Sartre, Dostoievski, Camus, Kafka; to philosophers like Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Marcel, Jaspers, and Sartre-and because it refers to, and is concerned with, all of these ideas and persons, existentialism has lost any clearer meaning it may have originally possessed. Because it has so many definitions, it can no longer be defined. As Sartre writes: "Most people who use the word existentialism would be em­ barrased if they had to explain it, since, now that the word is all the rage, even the work of a musician or painter is being called existentialist. A gossip columnist . . . signs himself The Exis­ tentialist, so that by this time the word has been so stretched and has taken on so broad a meaning, that it no longer means anything at all. " 2 This state of definitional confusion is not an accidental or negligible matter. An attempt will be made in this introduction to account for the confustion and to show why any definition of existentialism in­ volves us in a tangle. First, however, it is necessary to state in a tenta­ tive and very general manner what points of view are here intended when reference is made to existentialism.
    Description / Table of Contents: I ExpositionI: The Search for Being -- II: The Other -- III: The Self -- IV: Existential Psychoanalysis -- V: General Summary -- II Evaluation -- VI: Sartre’s Phenomenological Method -- VII: Three Theses of L’Être et le Néant Criticized -- VIII: Sartre’s “Copernican Revolution”: An Interpretation -- IX: Final Evaluation -- Additional Bibliography.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789401023696
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: Russell’s Early Philosophy -- An Inventory of the World -- Infidelity to Realism -- A Commentary to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus -- to the Commentary -- A Commentary to the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus -- Conclusions from the Commentary -- The Viennese and English Disciples -- Viennese Positivism in the United States -- Linguistic Analysis Versus Metaphysics -- The Saving Elements -- The Metaphysics of Logical Positivism -- Reflections after Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations.
    Abstract: physical realist heavily bverlaid with the interpretation afforded by linguistic analysis, so he changed, too. But at the time, which was approximately during the second decade of the twentieth century, they were no doubt very close in their views. Russell acknowledged the influence of Wittgenstein in several places in the 1918 lectures on logical atomism. Wittgenstein might not have written the Tractatus had Russell not given the lectures on logical atomism, or at least had he not maintained the views there expressed. Certainly it is true in a very large sense that the Tractatus may be interpreted as a commentary on the 1918 lectures of Russell. Wittgenstein certainly did not hear them but, as Russell said, the topics were discussed together; and the debt of the Tractatus to the views of the contents of the lectures is obvious. Since Wittgenstein was the pupil and Russell the teacher, we may assume, despite the mutual influence, that the greater effect was Russell's. There is no space in which to go into a thorough analysis of the predecessors of Wittgenstein and of the influences upon him. In addition, there is not sufficient data. One clue, however, we are given. One of his friends has informed us that Wittgenstein "did read and enjoy Plato" and "recognized congenial features" in his philosophical method 1, although, to be sure, Wittgenstein is not said to have been a great reader of philosophy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Russell’s Early PhilosophyAn Inventory of the World -- Infidelity to Realism -- A Commentary to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus -- to the Commentary -- A Commentary to the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus -- Conclusions from the Commentary -- The Viennese and English Disciples -- Viennese Positivism in the United States -- Linguistic Analysis Versus Metaphysics -- The Saving Elements -- The Metaphysics of Logical Positivism -- Reflections after Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9781468462883
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: one Tables and Graphs -- I. Tables -- II. Graphs -- two Elementary Mathematics -- I. Approximate computations -- II. Algebra -- III. Geometry -- IV. Trigonometry -- three Analytic and Differential Geometry -- I. Analytic geometry -- II. Differential geometry -- four Foundations of Mathematical Analysis -- I. Introduction to analysis -- II. Differential calculus -- III. Integral calculus -- IV. Differential equations -- five Supplementary Chapters on Analysis -- I. Complex numbers and functions of a complex variable -- II. Vector calculus -- III. The calculus of variations -- IV. Integral equations -- V. Fourier series -- six Interpretation of Experimental Results -- I. Foundations of the theory of probability and the theory of errors -- II. Empirical formulas and interpolation.
    Abstract: TO THE FIRST RUSSIAN EDITION It was a very difficult task to write a guide-book of a small size designed to contain the fundamental knowledge of mathema­ tics which is most necessary to engineers and students of higher technical schools. In our tendency to the compactness and brevity of the exposition, we attempted, however, to produce a guide-book which would be easy to understand, convenient to use and as accurate as possible (as much as it is required in engineering). It should be pointed out that this book is neither a handbook nor a compendium, but a guide-book. Therefore it is not written as systematically as a handbook should be written. Hence the reader should not be surprised to find, for example, I'HOpital's rule in the section devoted to computation of limits which is a part of the chapter "Introduction to the analysis" placed before the concept of the derivative, or information about the Gamma function in the chapter "Algebra"-just after the concept of the factorial. There are many such "imperfections" in the book. Thus a reader who wants to acquire certain information is advised to use not only the table of contents but also the alpha­ betical index inserted at the end of the book. If a problem mentioned in the text is explained in detail in another place of the book, then the corresponding page is indicated in a footnote.
    Description / Table of Contents: one Tables and GraphsI. Tables -- II. Graphs -- two Elementary Mathematics -- I. Approximate computations -- II. Algebra -- III. Geometry -- IV. Trigonometry -- three Analytic and Differential Geometry -- I. Analytic geometry -- II. Differential geometry -- four Foundations of Mathematical Analysis -- I. Introduction to analysis -- II. Differential calculus -- III. Integral calculus -- IV. Differential equations -- five Supplementary Chapters on Analysis -- I. Complex numbers and functions of a complex variable -- II. Vector calculus -- III. The calculus of variations -- IV. Integral equations -- V. Fourier series -- six Interpretation of Experimental Results -- I. Foundations of the theory of probability and the theory of errors -- II. Empirical formulas and interpolation.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789401019972
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Evolution of the Travel Genre in Western Europe -- I: Some Historical Examples — The Eighteenth Century. Goethe and Moritz -- II: Sterne’s Sentimental Journey -- III: Demaistre’s Voyage autour de ma Chambre -- IV: Dupaty’s Lettres sur l’Italie -- II: The Travel Memoir in Russia -- V: Fonvizin’s Letters from Abroad -- VI: Radishchev’s Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow -- VII: Pushkin’s Journey from Moscow to Petersburg -- VIII: Karamzin’s Letters of a Russian Traveler -- IX: The Epigones -- X: Pushkin’s Journey to Erzurum -- XI: Conclusion -- Appendix A: Ermenonville -- Appendix B: Auch ich in Arkadien -- Appendix C: Karamzin’s Island of Bornholm -- Appendix D: Onegin’s Journey -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: The aim of this study is to trace the development of the literary travel memoir in Russia during the last decades of the eighteenth century and the first decades of the nineteenth. Having indicated the prove­ nances of this genre in Western Europe, I shall evaluate its role in Russian literary history. Because this study is not intended to be an historical survey of all significant travel works that appeared in Russia, I shall pass over such early pioneer travelers as the Abbot Daniil who visited Palestine at the beginning of the twelfth century and recorded for his countrymen detailed descriptions of the Holy places, or the merchant, Afanasij Nikitin, whose travel notes concerning a trip to India are preserved in a fifteenth century chronicle. The travel genre, which had become enormously popular in eight­ eenth century Western Europe,l was cleverly exploited by Fonvizin, Radishchev, and Karamzin to expound to the Russian reading public certain important notions on literary theory, on society (foreign and domestic), on themselves, and on nature. The travel genre - then as now a flexible instrument for transmitting, by means of diary-style narrative, information about distant, often exotic people and place- had been adapted by Sterne and others to themes having little relation to a conventional journey. The Russians were quick to grasp the genre's literary as well as its polemical possibilities, and influenced by Western models, they too used it to convey theoretical assertions on a variety of SUbjects.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Evolution of the Travel Genre in Western EuropeI: Some Historical Examples - The Eighteenth Century. Goethe and Moritz -- II: Sterne’s Sentimental Journey -- III: Demaistre’s Voyage autour de ma Chambre -- IV: Dupaty’s Lettres sur l’Italie -- II: The Travel Memoir in Russia -- V: Fonvizin’s Letters from Abroad -- VI: Radishchev’s Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow -- VII: Pushkin’s Journey from Moscow to Petersburg -- VIII: Karamzin’s Letters of a Russian Traveler -- IX: The Epigones -- X: Pushkin’s Journey to Erzurum -- XI: Conclusion -- Appendix A: Ermenonville -- Appendix B: Auch ich in Arkadien -- Appendix C: Karamzin’s Island of Bornholm -- Appendix D: Onegin’s Journey -- Selected Bibliography.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401024679
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (149p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: The Very Idea of a University -- The Argument Laughs at Socrates and Protagoras -- Dewey and Dialectic -- Experience as Revelatory of Nature in Dewey’s Metaphysical Methodology -- Dewey and the Behavioral Theory of Meaning -- Mead on the Self and Moral Situations -- Epistemology in William James’s Principles of Psychology -- George Barton and the Art of Teaching -- Dewey’s Transition Piece: The Reflex Arc Paper.
    Abstract: To those of us who have been privileged to call him col­ league, Georges Estes Barton is perhaps best and most fondly remembered as the man with a camera. At the beginning of every semester he could be observed carefully photographing each of his arriving students, and while we used to chaff him about this practice, all of us respected the motive behind it. For George Barton was and is a dedicated teacher and in his courses no student ever would be suffered to remain simply a face in the crowd. His favorite teaching technique has always been Socratic discourse, and he is, as Professors Roberts and DuBose remind us in their essays for this volume, a master of the method. In his chosen field of philosophy of education he has long been recognized as a leader, serving several terms on the Executive Committee of the Philosophy of Education Society and in I963 as its President. In I966 St. Edwards University conferred upon him the honorary degree LL.D in recognition of his significant contributions to curriculum development. Following a distinguished career in general education and educational research at the Rochester Institute of Technology and at the University of Chicago, Professor Barton was ap­ pointed in I956 to direct Tulane's Inter-Disciplinary Program for the Preparation of Liberally Educated Teachers. In Fe­ bruary I962, having seen the program through to a successful conclusion, he joined the Department of Philosophy at Newcomb College as Associate Professor of Philosophy.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (294p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowlegde, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 52
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Linguistic Relativity -- Something About Conceptual Schemes -- Prima Facie Generalizations -- Change of Belief or Change of Meaning? -- Conceptual Change -- Evidence, Meaning and Conceptual Change: A Subjective Approach -- Logic and Conceptual Change -- Some Comments on Professor Körner’s Paper -- Conceptual Structures -- Theory Change in Science -- Explanation and Reference -- Referential Indeterminacy: A Response to Professor Putnam -- On Semantically Relevant Whatsits: A Semantics for Philosophy of Science -- General Bibliography.
    Abstract: During Hallowe'en of 1970, the Department of Philosophy of the Univer­ sity of Western Ontario held its annual fall colloquium at London, On­ tario. The general topic of the sessions that year was conceptual change. The thirteen papers composing this volume stem more or less directly from those meetings; six of them are printed here virtually as delivered, while the remaining seven were subsequently written by invitation. The programme of the colloquium was to have consisted of major papers delivered by Professors Wilfrid Sellars, Stephan Korner, Paul Ziff and Hilary Putnam, with shorter commentary thereupon by Professors Robert Binkley, Joseph Ullian, Jerry Fodor and Robert Barrett, respec­ tively. And that is the way it happened, with one important exception: at the eleventh hour, Sellars and Binkley exchanged roles. This gave Binkley the rather unusual and challenging task of providing a suitable Sellarsian answer to a question not of his own asking - for Binkley's paper was written under Sellars' original title. Sellars' own contribution to the vo­ lume is perhaps more nearly what he would have presented as main speaker than a direct response to Binkley. However, it has seemed best, on balance, to attempt no further stylistic accommodation of the one paper to the other; their mutual philosophical relevance will be evident in any case. The editors would here like to extend special thanks to both Sellars and Binkley for their extraordinary efforts under the circumstances.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401026536
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 57
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 57
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. What is Justice? -- II. The Idea of Natural Law -- III. God and the State -- IV. Law and Morality -- 1. Moral Norms as Social Norms -- 2. Morality as the Regulation of Internal Behaviour -- 3. Morality as a Primitive Order without Coercive Character -- 4. Law as a Part of Morality -- 5. Relativity of Moral Value -- 6. Separation of Law and Morality -- 7. Justification of Law by Morality -- V. State-Form and World-Outlook -- VI. The Foundation of the Theory of Natural Law -- VII. Causality and Accounting -- VIII. The Emergence of the Causal Law From the Principle of Retribution -- IX. On the Concept of Norm -- X. Law and Logic -- 1. Contradiction of Natural Law -- 2. Morality and Law -- 3. The Issue Clouded by Roman Law -- 4. No Imperative without an ‘Imperator’ -- 5. The Analogy is Misleading -- 6. Statement and Norm -- 7. Law is an Act of Will -- 8. Statement and Truth -- 9. Legislator and Judge -- 10. Robber and Judge -- 11. Statute Book and Textbook -- 12. Natural and Legal Science -- 13. Of the Spirit of the Laws -- 14. Logic and Psychology -- 15. ‘Juridical Logic’ -- XI. Law and Logic Again. On the Applicability of Logical Principles to Legal Norms -- XII. On the Practical Syllogism -- XIII. Derogation -- XIV. Norm and Value -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: In his choice of texts, the Editor has been faced with the difficult task of selecting, from among the author's more than 600 publications, those of the greatest philosophical interest. It is chiefly the topics of value-rela­ tivism and the logic of norms that have been kept in view. The selection has also been guided by the endeavour to reprint, so far as possible, texts which have not hitherto appeared in English. At times, however, this aim has had to be discarded, in order to include works of key im­ portance and also the latest expressions of Kelsen's view. In addition to the two topics already mentioned, the Editor has con­ sidered Kelsen's discussions of the causal principle to be so far worthy of philosophical attention, that some writings on causality and account­ ability have been included in this collection of philosophical studies. OTA WEINBERGER Hans Kelsen died on April 19th, 1973. Only his work now lives, for the inspiration of future generations of jurists and philosophers. Graz, 25th April, 1973 OT A WEINBERGER TRANSLATOR'S NOTE I am obliged to the Editor for his careful scrutiny of the translation, which has led to a number of corrections and improvements in the text.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401026505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (444p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs of Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 56
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 56
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Causality and Time -- Causal Models and Space-Time Geometries -- Temporally Symmetric Causal Relations in Minkowski Space-Time -- Notes on the Causal Theory of Time -- Earman on the Causal Theory of Time -- Kant’s Formulation of the Laws of Motion -- On Travelling Backward in Time -- The Flow of Time -- II / Geometry of Space and Time -- Poincaré’s Philosophy of Space -- On the Structure of Space-Time -- Topology, Cosmology and Convention -- Grünbaum on the Conventionality of Geometry -- Reflections on a Relational Theory of Space -- The Ontology of the Curvature of Empty Space in the Geometrodynamics of Clifford and Wheeler -- Relativity Principles, Absolute Objects and Symmetry Groups -- Nondirected Light Signals and the Structure of Time -- Coordinate-Free Relativity -- Some Open Problems in the Philosophy of Space and Time -- The Naive Conception of the Topology of the Surface of a Body.
    Abstract: The articles in this volume have been stimulated in two different ways. More than two years ago the editor of Synthese, laakko Hintikka, an­ nounced a special issue devoted to space and time, and articles were solicited. Part of the reason for that announcement was also the second source of papers. Several years ago I gave a seminar on special relativity at Stanford, and the papers by Domotor, Harrison, Hudgin, Latzer and myself partially arose out of discussion in that seminar. All of the papers except those of Griinbaum, Fine, the second paper of Friedman, and the paper of Adams appeared in a special double issue of Synthese (24 (1972), Nos. 1-2). I am pleased to have been able to add the four additional papers mentioned in making the special issue a volume in the Synthese Library. Of these four additional articles, only the one by Fine has pre­ viously appeared in print (Synthese 22 (1971),448--481); its relevance to the present volume is apparent. In preparing the papers for publication and in carrying out the various editorIal chores of such a task, I am very much indebted to Mrs. Lillian O'Toole for her extensive assistance. INTRODUCTION The philosophy of space and time has been of permanent importance in philosophy, and most of the major historical figures in philosophy, such as Aristotle, Descartes and Kant, have had a good deal to say about the nature of space and time.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400957138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies In Biology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Strategy and tactics -- 3 Model systems, the reductionist approach -- 3.1 Bacteriophage -- 3.2 Enzyme induction in bacteria -- 3.3 Spore formation in bacteria -- 3.4 Are prokaryotes good models for eukaryotes? -- 3.5 The cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum -- 3.6 Tissue culture cells -- 3.7 Metamorphosis -- References -- 4 Special systems, the classical approach -- 4.1 Chromosome structure and function -- 4.2 RNA synthesis -- 4.3 Protein synthesis -- 4.4 Protein degradation -- 4.5 Protein modification -- 4.6 Metabolism -- Summary -- References -- Suggestions for further reading.
    Abstract: The development of an embryo is one of the which prevents entry of other sperm, fusion of most awe inspiring biological phenomena and the two haploid nuclei occurs and within about the study of cell differentiation can be traced 30 minutes the pigmented cortex rotates with respect to the underlying cytoplasm and in so back in antiquity to Aristotle and beyond However, there are few modern sciences which doing it reveals a grey, crescent shaped area on pay more than a cursory obeisance to their the side of the egg opposite to the point of founders and few students seem very interested entry of the sperm. This is another example of in the theories of their dead predecessors. polarity developing. Soon after fertilization the Embryology, though, is that rare exception - a zygote enters a period of rapid nuclear and cell division. The result of this cleavage process is science where the problems, theories and often that the egg cytoplasm is partitioned between techniques that excite our interest today, are essentially the same as those which excited our numerous cells whose ratio of nuclear volume to cytoplasmic volume is more like that found colleagues of fifty or even a hundred years ago. in an 'average' somatic cell.
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  • 44
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401024884
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (147p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 4
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Arts. ; History.
    Abstract: I. Guevara in his Tradition -- A. Historical Model -- B. Selected Ideas from the Libro áureo and the Relox de príncipes -- C. Guevara’s Style -- II. Guevara and the Humanists -- A. Vives -- B. Alfonso de Valdés -- C. Pedro de Rhua’s Cartas censorias -- D. García Matamoros -- E. Melchor Cano -- III. Guevara and the Humorists -- A. Francés de Zúñga -- B. Letters Attributed to Diego Hurtado de Mendoza -- C. Cervantes -- IV. Guevara an International Model of Style -- A. The Landmann Theory -- B. Reactions to Landmann’s Theory -- C. The Italian Theory -- D. The Theory of Classical Models -- E. The Theory of Medieval Latin Prose as a Model -- F. Other Reactions and Thoughts Concerning the Landmann Theory -- V. Guevara’s Success -- A. Popularization of Knowledge -- B. Moral Wisdom and Tolerance -- C. The Appeal of Subjectivity -- D. Guevara’s Sense of Humor -- VI. Guevara and the Enlightenment -- Conclusion.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789401024594
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 117 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 10
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History.
    Abstract: I. Michelangelo -- II. D’Aubigne -- III. John Donne -- Conclusion -- A Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: Alienation, ecstasy, death, rebirth: in the poetry of Michelangelo, Donne, and d' Aubigne these archetypal themes make possible the ultimate formulation of new poetic symbolizations of self and world. As their poetry evolves from a primarily rhetorical towards a fully symbolic mode, images of loss of self (in ecstasy or in alienation), of death and rebirth, recur with increasing frequency and intensity. Whether the context is love poetry or religious poetry, the basic problem remains the same; love is the link between the two kinds of poetry. And love is indeed a problem for these three poets, since it involves the self in relation to the "other," the other being either God or another human being. Increasingly, the work of each poet centers on a need to analyze or abolish the gulf separating subject and object, self and other. The dominant mode of most of the three poets' work is neither rhetorical nor symbolic, but expressive. This transitional mode reveals the individual poet's most urgent concerns and conflicts, his sense of self in Its most isolated or burdensome, affirmative or struggling state. Under­ lying most of their poems is a profound self-consciousness - a heightened awareness of self as a powerful, separate entity, with a corresponding objectification of all reality outside of self. The Renaissance in general is a time of increasing individualism and 1 self-consciousness.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401177566
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas, Series Minor 2
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Communication.
    Abstract: I. Introduction to Duclos -- II. A definition of the Maxim in Duclos’ novels -- III. The Maxims in Histoire de Madame de Luz -- IV. The Maxims in the Confessions du Comte de*** -- V. The Maxims in Mémoires sur les Moeurs de ce Siècle -- VI. The Maxims in the novels of Duclos: A conclusion.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789401188029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 469 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Humanities ; Library science ; Social sciences.
    Abstract: The history of printing, books, and libraries, is confined only to a limited extent within the boundaries of individual countries. There are, indeed, few historical developments which have played a more universal role, in reaction against all kinds of particularism, than type design, printing, book production, publishing, illustration, binding, librarianship, journal­ ism, and related subjects. Their history should be assessed and studied primarily in an international, not in a local, context. The bibliographical resources, however, which the historian of these sub­ jects has at his disposal correspond hardly at all to the essentially inter­ national character of the object of his studies. Since the appearance of the retrospective bibliography of BIG MORE and WYMAN, covering the subject comprehensively up to r88o, the only current bibliography has been the lnternationale Bibliographie des Buck-und Bi­ bliothekswesens. Covering a representative part of newly published liter­ ature, it appeared from rgz8, but did not survive the Second World War. More recently, several useful, but limited, bibliographies have appeared.
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  • 48
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401508117
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: This volume grew out of a dissatisfaction with some issues that seem to be rooted in the Empiricist tradition. At least since Locke, that which is perceived has enjoyed a major share in any systematic account of what we claim to know. A main purpose of this study therefore is first to distinguish, and subsequently to relate, what can be perceived and what can be under­ stood. To this end, the account of persons and personal identity begins with a description of selected types of sense perceptions. While writing a good part of the discussion on vision, I had the advantage of questioning Dr. P. B. Loder about the properties of light. She not only clarified some issues, but prevented several errors from creeping into the text, a result for which I am very grateful. I should like also to express my appreciation to Mrs. G. K. Stamm-Okkinga, who provided hospitality and a friendly interest from the beginning of this study. Finally I wish to thank Miss I. Ris and Mr. W. de Regt for their careful and resourceful preparation of the typescript.
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  • 49
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    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475715927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 310 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Acids, bases, and the nature of the hydrogen ion -- 3 The investigation of protolytic equilibria in aqueous solution -- 4 The effect of the solvent on protolytic equilibria -- 5 The thermodynamics of protolytic equilibria -- 6 Acid-base strength and molecular structure -- 7 The direct study of rates of simple proton-transfer reactions -- 8 The indirect study of rates of proton transfer -- 9 Examples of reactions catalysed by acids and bases -- 10 Rates, equilibria, and structures in proton-transfer reactions -- 11 Isotope effects in proton-transfer equilibria -- 12 Kinetic isotope effects in proton-transfer reactions -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The first edition of this book was based on the lectures which I gave at Cornell University during 1958 as George Fisher Baker Lecturer, and I would like to repeat my warmest thanks to Professor F. A. Long and the other members of the Department of Chemistry for their kindness and helpful advice. The present edition was largely written during the tenure of a Visiting Professorship awarded by the Royal Society and the Israeli Academy of Sciences. I am deeply indebted to both of these bodies and also to the hospitality of the Weizmann Institute of Science, in particular to Professor David Samuel and Professor F. S. Klein of the Isotopes Research Department. The subject as a whole has expanded greatly since 1959, especially in two fields, namely, the direct study of fast proton-transfer reactions (notably by the relaxation methods pioneered by Eigen), and the experi­ mental and theoretical study of hydrogen isotope effects. In order to keep the size of the book within reasonable bounds it has been necessary to adopt a selective policy, and this is particularly the case in Chapter 9 where I have chosen to treat a few types of reaction in some detail rather than to attempt a more complete coverage.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9781468420524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology and Behavior -- Neural Control of Input into Long Term Memory: Limbic System and Amnestic Syndrome in Man -- A Study of Memory in Aged People -- The Transfer of Information between Sense-Modalities: A Neurophysiological Review -- The Significance of Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in the Hereditary Differences in Learning Ability of Rats -- The Reactivity of Wistar Rats Highly Selected for Good and Bad Learning, Observed in Various Physiological and Pharmacological Test Models -- Statistical EEG Analysis in Strains of Rats with Genetically Determined Different Learning Performance -- Some Views on the Neurophysiological and Neurophar-macological Mechanisms of Storage and Retrieval of Information -- Mode of Action of Some Drugs which Affect Learning and Memory -- Compensatory Mechanisms Following Labyrinthine Lesion in the Guinea-Pig. A Simple Model of Learning -- Action of Various Drugs on the Formation and Fixation of Long Term Information in the Goldfish (Carassius auratus) -- Communication between Nerves and Muscles: Postnatal Development in Kitten Hindlimb Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle -- Some Neurophysiological Considerations Concerning “Memory” -- Transfer of Acquired Information -- The Structure of the “Memory-Code-Word” Scotophobin -- Evidence for Molecular Coding of Neural Information -- Recent Experiments in Memory Transfer -- The Effect of Synthetic Scotophobin on the Light Tolerance of Teleosts (Carassius auratus and Tinca tinca) -- Peptides and Behavior -- Studies with Dark Avoidance and Scotophobin -- New Experimental Approaches to the Inter-Animal Transfer of Acquired Information -- Chemical Transfer of Learned Information in Mammals and Fish -- Chemical Transfer of a Dummy Reaction, Released in Young Mouthbreeding Fish (Ti1apia nilotica) during the “Critical Period”, from Imprinted Donors into Unimprinted Recipients after the “Critical Period” -- Neurochemistry -- Neurochemical Micromethods -- Neuronal Plasticity, Protein Conformation and Behavior -- Phosphorylation of Non-Histone Acid-Extractable Nuclear Proteins (NAEP) from Brain -- Biochemical Regulation of Synaptic Connectivity -- Radioactive Studies of Changes in Protein Metabolism by Adequate and Inadequate Stimulation in the Optic Tectum of Teleosts -- Encephalotropic Drugs and Cerebral RNA Metabolism.
    Abstract: The contents of this book are the presentations of a Symposium on "Memory and Transfer of Information", held at Gottingen, May 24-26, 1972 . One of the main reasons for organizing this Symposium was to stimulate interdisciplinary discussion between sci­ entists working in the field as a whole. Most of the pre­ vious meetings dealing with memory and transfer of infor­ mation have tended to be rather limited in scope. The pres­ ent Symposium covered a wide range of topics, including neurophysiological, neuropharmacological, neurochemical, behavioral and clinical aspects of learning and chemical transfer of information, presented by specialists in these areas. The Proceedings of the meeting present a large number of previously unpublished results, e.g., recent experiments in neurophysiology and neurochemistry, new approaches to chemical transfer of learned information, experiments using synthetic scotophobin and drugs influencing learning and behavior. The importance of interdisciplinary discussion is perhaps most clearly emphasized by the advances in neuro­ chemical micromethods which are of particular interest to scientists working on the chemical transfer of information. Only such interdisciplinary collaboration between highly specialized scientists guarantees further progress and deeper insight into the complex, and until now little under­ stood, mechanisms of that most intricate of organs, the brain. Hans Peter ZIPPEL vii CONTRIBUTORS BRADLEY, P.B. Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Birmingham B1S 2TJ, England BYRNE, W. L. ~'; Department of Biochemistry. University of Tennessee. College of Basic Medical Sciences. Memphis. Tennessee 38103. U.S.A. CREUTZFELDT, O.D.
    Description / Table of Contents: Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology and BehaviorNeural Control of Input into Long Term Memory: Limbic System and Amnestic Syndrome in Man -- A Study of Memory in Aged People -- The Transfer of Information between Sense-Modalities: A Neurophysiological Review -- The Significance of Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in the Hereditary Differences in Learning Ability of Rats -- The Reactivity of Wistar Rats Highly Selected for Good and Bad Learning, Observed in Various Physiological and Pharmacological Test Models -- Statistical EEG Analysis in Strains of Rats with Genetically Determined Different Learning Performance -- Some Views on the Neurophysiological and Neurophar-macological Mechanisms of Storage and Retrieval of Information -- Mode of Action of Some Drugs which Affect Learning and Memory -- Compensatory Mechanisms Following Labyrinthine Lesion in the Guinea-Pig. A Simple Model of Learning -- Action of Various Drugs on the Formation and Fixation of Long Term Information in the Goldfish (Carassius auratus) -- Communication between Nerves and Muscles: Postnatal Development in Kitten Hindlimb Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle -- Some Neurophysiological Considerations Concerning “Memory” -- Transfer of Acquired Information -- The Structure of the “Memory-Code-Word” Scotophobin -- Evidence for Molecular Coding of Neural Information -- Recent Experiments in Memory Transfer -- The Effect of Synthetic Scotophobin on the Light Tolerance of Teleosts (Carassius auratus and Tinca tinca) -- Peptides and Behavior -- Studies with Dark Avoidance and Scotophobin -- New Experimental Approaches to the Inter-Animal Transfer of Acquired Information -- Chemical Transfer of Learned Information in Mammals and Fish -- Chemical Transfer of a Dummy Reaction, Released in Young Mouthbreeding Fish (Ti1apia nilotica) during the “Critical Period”, from Imprinted Donors into Unimprinted Recipients after the “Critical Period” -- Neurochemistry -- Neurochemical Micromethods -- Neuronal Plasticity, Protein Conformation and Behavior -- Phosphorylation of Non-Histone Acid-Extractable Nuclear Proteins (NAEP) from Brain -- Biochemical Regulation of Synaptic Connectivity -- Radioactive Studies of Changes in Protein Metabolism by Adequate and Inadequate Stimulation in the Optic Tectum of Teleosts -- Encephalotropic Drugs and Cerebral RNA Metabolism.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Methods of Plant Analysis -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2 Methods of Extraction and Isolation -- 1.3 Methods of Separation -- 1.4 Methods of Identification -- 1.5 Applications -- 2 Phenolic Compounds -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Phenols and Phenolic Acids -- 2.3 Phenylpropanoids -- 2.4 Flavonoid Pigments -- 2.5 Anthocyanins -- 2.6 Flavonols and Flavones -- 2.7 Minor Flavonoids, Xanthones and Stilbenes -- 2.8 Quinone Pigments -- 3 The Terpenoids -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Essential Oils -- 3.3 Diterpenoids and Gibberellins -- 3.4 Triterpenoids and Steroids -- 3.5 Carotenoids -- 4 Organic Acids, Lipids and Related Compounds -- 4.1 Plant Acids -- 4.2 Fatty Acids and Lipids -- 4.3 Alkanes and Related Hydrocarbons -- 4.4 Polyacetylenes -- 4.5 Sulphur Compounds -- 5 Nitrogen Compounds -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Amino Acids -- 5.3 Amines -- 5.4 Alkaloids -- 5.5 Cyanogenic Glycosides -- 5.6 Indoles -- 5.7 Purines, Pyrimidines and Cytokinins -- 5.8 The Chlorophylls -- 6 Sugars and their Derivatives -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Monosaccharides -- 6.3 Oligosaccharides -- 6.4 Sugar Alcohols and Cyclitols -- 7 Macromolecules -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Nucleic Acids -- 7.3 Proteins -- 7.4 Polysaccharides.
    Abstract: While there are many books available on methods of organic and biochemical analysis, the majority are either primarily concerned with the application of a particular technique (e.g. paper chromatography) or have been written for an audience of chemists or for biochemists work­ ing mainly with animaltissues. Thus, no simple guide to modern metho ds of plant analysis exists and the purpose of the present volume is to fill this gap. It is primarily intended for students in the plant sciences, who have a botanical or a general biological background. It should also be of value to students in biochemistry, pharmacognosy, food science and 'natural products' organic chemistry. Most books on chromatography, while admirably covering the needs of research workers, tend to overwhelm the student with long lists of solvent systems and spray reagents that can be applied to each class of organic constituent. The intention here is to simplify the situation by listing only a few specially recommended techniques that have wide currency in phytochemical laboratories. Sufficient details are provided to allow the student to use the techniques for themselves and most sections contain some introductory practical experiments which can be used in classwork.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Methods of Plant Analysis1.1. Introduction -- 1.2 Methods of Extraction and Isolation -- 1.3 Methods of Separation -- 1.4 Methods of Identification -- 1.5 Applications -- 2 Phenolic Compounds -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Phenols and Phenolic Acids -- 2.3 Phenylpropanoids -- 2.4 Flavonoid Pigments -- 2.5 Anthocyanins -- 2.6 Flavonols and Flavones -- 2.7 Minor Flavonoids, Xanthones and Stilbenes -- 2.8 Quinone Pigments -- 3 The Terpenoids -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Essential Oils -- 3.3 Diterpenoids and Gibberellins -- 3.4 Triterpenoids and Steroids -- 3.5 Carotenoids -- 4 Organic Acids, Lipids and Related Compounds -- 4.1 Plant Acids -- 4.2 Fatty Acids and Lipids -- 4.3 Alkanes and Related Hydrocarbons -- 4.4 Polyacetylenes -- 4.5 Sulphur Compounds -- 5 Nitrogen Compounds -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Amino Acids -- 5.3 Amines -- 5.4 Alkaloids -- 5.5 Cyanogenic Glycosides -- 5.6 Indoles -- 5.7 Purines, Pyrimidines and Cytokinins -- 5.8 The Chlorophylls -- 6 Sugars and their Derivatives -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Monosaccharides -- 6.3 Oligosaccharides -- 6.4 Sugar Alcohols and Cyclitols -- 7 Macromolecules -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Nucleic Acids -- 7.3 Proteins -- 7.4 Polysaccharides.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9783642952302
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Official Opening, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: Albert B. Sabin -- Speakers: Théo Lefèvre -- Altiero Spinelli -- Morning Session, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: John C. Kendrew -- Speakers: Friedrich Cramer “Can our Society meet the -- Challenge of a Technological Future?” -- Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky “A Scientist’s Approach to Human Values” -- Discussion -- Afternoon Session, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: Hendrik B. G. Casimir -- Speakers: Léon Van Hove “Physical Science in Relation to Human Thought and Action” -- Chaim L. Pekeris “The Impact of Physical Sciences on Society” -- Discussion -- Evening, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: Siegmund G. Warburg -- Speaker: Raymond Aron “Evening Address” -- Morning Session, Tuesday, June 29, 1971 -- Chairman: Wolfgang Gentner -- Speakers: Ole Maaløe “Can Ideas from Molecular Biology be applied to Economic and Social Systems?” -- David Samuel “Science and the Control of Man’s Mind” -- Discussion -- Afternoon Session, Tuesday, June 29, 1971 -- Chairman: Michael J. Higatsberger -- Speakers: Jean-Jacques Salomon “Science and Scientists’ Responsibilities in Today’s Society” -- Michael Feldman “Science and the Crisis of Democracy” -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Speakers: Victor F. Weisskopf -- Albert B. Sabin -- Appendix The Weizmann Institute -- Name Index.
    Abstract: "Scientists in Search of Their Conscience" is the edited proceedings of the European Symposium on the effects of science on society held in Brussels in 1971. Organised by The European Committee of The Weizmann Institute, Israel, the Conference gave scientists from varied disciplines and many countries the platform from which to explore in depth the dilemma facing them. The dilemma is the responsibility of scientists for society's use of scientific findings. Though no hard and fast conclusions were reached-in fact quite the contrary-the discussions left no doubt that scientists were becoming aware that they can no longer claim that the pursuit of knowledge is divorced from its use. Yet should they begin to face the responsibility for the application of their work, it is clear that their freedom will be impaired. The loss of freedom is of course part of the dilemma of science. Contents Official Opening, Monday, June 28, 1971 1 Chairman: Albert B. Sabin 3 Speakers: Theo Lefevre . 7 Altiero Spinelli . 11 Morning Session, Monday, June 28, 1971 13 Chairman: John C. Kendrew 15 Speakers: Friedrich Cramer "Can our Society meet the Challenge of a Technological Future?" . . . 19 Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky "A Scientist's - proach to Human Values" . 33 Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Afternoon Session, Monday, Jtme 28, 1971 . . . . . . . . 61 Chairman: Hendrik B. G. Casimir . . . . . . . . . . 61 Speakers: Leon Van Hove" Physical Science in Relation to Human Thought and Action" . . . . . . 63 Chaim L. Pekeris "The Impact of Physical Sciences on Society" 73 Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    Description / Table of Contents: Official Opening, Monday, June 28, 1971Chairman: Albert B. Sabin -- Speakers: Théo Lefèvre -- Altiero Spinelli -- Morning Session, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: John C. Kendrew -- Speakers: Friedrich Cramer “Can our Society meet the -- Challenge of a Technological Future?” -- Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky “A Scientist’s Approach to Human Values” -- Discussion -- Afternoon Session, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: Hendrik B. G. Casimir -- Speakers: Léon Van Hove “Physical Science in Relation to Human Thought and Action” -- Chaim L. Pekeris “The Impact of Physical Sciences on Society” -- Discussion -- Evening, Monday, June 28, 1971 -- Chairman: Siegmund G. Warburg -- Speaker: Raymond Aron “Evening Address” -- Morning Session, Tuesday, June 29, 1971 -- Chairman: Wolfgang Gentner -- Speakers: Ole Maaløe “Can Ideas from Molecular Biology be applied to Economic and Social Systems?” -- David Samuel “Science and the Control of Man’s Mind” -- Discussion -- Afternoon Session, Tuesday, June 29, 1971 -- Chairman: Michael J. Higatsberger -- Speakers: Jean-Jacques Salomon “Science and Scientists’ Responsibilities in Today’s Society” -- Michael Feldman “Science and the Crisis of Democracy” -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Speakers: Victor F. Weisskopf -- Albert B. Sabin -- Appendix The Weizmann Institute -- Name Index.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789400956889
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Chemical Physics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics -- 1.1 Formal quantum mechanics -- 1.2 The Schrödinger equation -- 1.3 Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and related topics -- 1.4 Angular momentum -- 1.5 Electron spin -- 1.6 The need for a relativistic theory -- 2 Vector and Matrix Algebra -- 2.1 Vectors and vector multiplication -- 2.2 The repeated subscript convention for summation -- 2.3 The Kronecker delta ?ij -- 2.4 The ?ijk notation -- 2.5 The ?ijk sum rules -- 2.6 Examples I -- 2.7 The vector operator ? -- 2.8 The gradient -- 2.9 The divergence -- 2.10 The curl -- 2.11 Examples II -- 2.12 Second derivatives in vector calculus -- 2.13 The Dirac delta function -- 2.14 Matrices and determinants: a summary -- 2.15 Vectors in four dimensions -- 3 Classical Mechanics -- 3.1 Inertial frames and Galileo’s relativity principle -- 3.2 The principle of least action -- 3.3 Lagrange’s equations of motion -- 3.4 The Lagrangian for a system of particles -- 3.5 Constants of motion -- 3.6 The Hamiltonian -- 4 Special Relativity -- 4.1 Einstein’s principle of relativity -- 4.2 The interval -- 4.3 The Lorentz transformation -- 4.4 Contraction, dilation and paradoxes -- 4.5 The transformation of velocities -- 4.6 The relativistic mechanics of a free particle -- 4.7 Four-vectors -- 5 The Interaction of Charged Particles with Electromagnetic Fields -- 5.1 Units -- 5.2 The electromagnetic potentials -- 5.3 The field vectors -- 5.4 The Lorentz transformation of electric and magnetic fields -- 5.5 Gauge transformations -- 5.6 Maxwell’s equations -- 5.7 The potentials and fields due to a stationary charge -- 5.8 The potentials due to a moving charge -- 5.9 The interaction of two charged particles -- 5.10 The Thomas precession -- 6 The Classical Theory of Electromagnetic Fields -- 6.1 Continuous mechanical systems -- 6.2 The Lagrangian density for an electromagnetic field -- 6.3 The current four-vector -- 6.4 The second pair of Maxwell’s equations -- 6.5 Electromagnetic waves -- 6.6 Solution of the wave equation for free space -- 6.7 The characteristic vibrations of an electromagnetic field -- 7 Relativistic Wave Equations -- 7.1 Quantization of classical equations -- 7.2 Gauge invariance of quantum mechanical equations -- 7.3 The Klein-Gordon equation -- 8 The Dirac Equation -- 8.1 The Dirac equation for a free electron -- 8.2 The Dirac operators ? and ? -- 8.3 The introduction of an electromagnetic field -- 8.4 Electron spin -- 8.5 Lorentz invariance of the Dirac equation -- 8.6 The negative energy solutions — positrons -- 8.7 The non-relativistic approximation of the Dirac equation -- 8.8 The method of small components -- 8.9 The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation -- 8.10 The free electron -- 9 The Wave Equation for Many Electrons -- 9.1 The electromagnetic potentials due to a moving electron -- 9.2 The Hamiltonian for two electrons -- 9.3 The Breit equation -- 9.4 Reduction of the Breit equation to non-relativistic form -- 9.5 Radiative corrections -- 9.6 The many-electron Hamiltonian -- 10 The Molecular Hamiltonian -- 10.1 The introduction of nuclei -- 10.2 Finite nuclear size effects -- 10.3 Spectroscopically useful Hamiltonians -- 10.4 Effective Hamiltonians -- 11 The Hydrogen Atom -- 11.1 Non-relativistic theory for a one-electron atom -- 11.2 The non-relativistic approximation of the Dirac equation -- 11.3 The simultaneous eigenfunctions of j2, jz, l2, s2 and K -- 11.4 Commutation relations for the Dirac Hamiltonian -- 11.5 The Dirac equation in polar coordinates -- 11.6 Solution of the radial equations -- 11.7 The energy levels -- 11.8 Comparison of Dirac and non-relativistic atomic orbitals -- 11.9 The Lamb shift -- 11.10 More complicated systems -- 12 Quantum Field Theory -- 12.1 Quantization of the electromagnetic field -- 12.2 Solution of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator equation -- 12.3 Creation and annihilation operators -- 12.4 Photons -- 12.5 Zero-point energy and vacuum fluctuations -- 12.6 Fermions and second quantization -- 13 The Interaction of Radiation and Matter -- 13.1 The interaction Hamiltonian -- 13.2 Time-dependent perturbation theory -- 13.3 Matrix elements of the interaction Hamiltonian -- 13.4 Absorption and emission -- 13.5 Comparison of the semiclassical and quantized theories -- 13.6 Multi-photon processes -- 13.7 The scattering of photons by molecules -- 13.8 Line widths and resonance fluorescence -- Appendix A Units -- A.1 SI units -- A.2 Conversion from the mixed (Gaussian) CGS system to the SI system -- A.3 Recommended values of physical constants -- Appendix B Vector Relations in Three Dimensions -- Appendix C General Bibliography -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This book is primarily intended for graduate chemists and chemical physicists. Indeed, it is based on a graduate course that I give in the Chemistry Depart­ ment of Southampton University. Nowadays undergraduate chemistry courses usually include an introduction to quantum mechanics with particular reference to molecular properties and there are a number of excellent textbooks aimed specifically at undergraduate chemists. In valence theory and molecular spectroscopy physical concepts are often encountered that are normally taken on trust. For example, electron spin and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron are usually accepted as postulates, although they are well understood by physicists. In addition, the advent of new techniques has led to experimental situations that can only be accounted for adequately by relatively sophisticated physical theory. Relativis­ tic corrections to molecular orbital energies are needed to explain X-ray photo­ electron spectra, while the use oflasers can give rise to multiphoton transitions, which are not easy to understand using the classical theory of radiation. Of course, the relevant equations may be extracted from the literature, but, if the underlying physics is not understood, this is a practice that is at best dissatisfy­ ing and at worst dangerous. One instance where great care must be taken is in the use of spectroscopically determined parameters to test the accuracy of elec­ tronic wave functions.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025133
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (424p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Text and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 5
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Editor’s Introduction -- I. Logic as a Theory of Science -- II. Propositions and Sentences -- III. Ideas in Themselves -- IV. The Reduction of Sentences -- V. Judgment and Knowledge -- VI. Intuition and Concept -- VII. The Notion of Variation -- VIII. Analytic and Synthetic Propositions -- IX. Consistency and Derivability -- X. Degree of Validity and Probability -- XI. The Objective Hierarchy of Propositions -- XII. Set and Continuum -- XIII. Infinite Sets -- XIV. Natural Numbers -- XV. Conclusion -- A A Selection from the Wissenschaftslehre (Sulzbach 1837, Leipzig 1914—31) [‘+A’ (‘-A’) means including (excluding) the Anmerkung(en)]: Volume One -- One / Theory of Fundamental Truths -- One / On the Existence of Truths in Themselves -- Two / On the Possibility of Knowing the Truth -- Two / Theory of Elements § 46. Purpose, Content and Sections of this Part -- One / On Ideas in Themselves -- Volume Two -- Two / On Propositions in Themselves -- Three / On True Propositions -- Four / On Inferences -- Volume Three -- Three / Theory of Knowledge -- One / On Ideas -- Two / On Judgments -- Three / The Relationship of our Judgments to the Truth -- Volume Four -- Five / Theory of Science Proper -- One / General Theory -- Four / On the Propositions which should Occur in a Scholarly Treatise -- B Excerpts from Bolzano’s Correspondence -- Letter to J. E. Seidel, 26 January 1833 (Manuscript in Krajské muzeum v Ceských Bud?jovicích; transcription by Jan Berg) -- Letter to M. J. Fesl, 8 February 1834 (Manuscript in Literární ar chív Památníku národního písemnictví v Praze; published in Wissenschaft und Religion im Vormärz. Der Briefwechsel Bernard Bolzanos mit Michael Josef Fesl (ed. by E. Winter and W. Zeil), Berlin 1965, p. 58,1. 4 – 1. 3 f.b.) -- Letter to F. Exner, 22 November 1834 (Manuscript in Österreichische Nationalbibliothek Wien; published in Der Briefwechsel B. Bolzano’s mit F. Exner (ed. by E. Winter), Bernard Bolzano’s Schriften, vol. 4, Prague 1935, p. 62,1. 32 - p. 67, 1. 38) -- Letter to J. P. Romang, 1 May 1847 (Manuscript in the same archive as Letter to M. J. Fesl (above); published in Philosophisches Jahrbuch der Görresgesellschaft, vol. 51, Fulda 1938, p. 50,1. 5f.b. - p. 53, 1. 16) -- Letter to R. Zimmermann, 9 March 1848 (Manuscript in the same archive as Letter to M. J. Fesl (above); transcription by Jan Berg) -- Letter to F. P?íhonský, 10 March 1848 (Manuscript in the same archive as Letter to M. J. Fesl (above); published in E. Winter: Der Böhmische Vormärz in Brief en B. Bolzanos an F. P?ihonskí, Berlin 1956, p. 285,1. 1 – 1. 16) -- A. Works by Bolzano -- 1. Works on Logic, Epistemology and Methodology of Science -- 2. Works on Mathematics -- B. Works on Bolzano -- 1. General Works -- 2. Biographies -- 3. Logic -- 4. Mathematics -- 5. Metaphysics -- 6. Theology -- 7. Social Philosophy -- 8. Aesthetics -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The present selection from the Wissenschaftslehre (Sulzbach 1837) of Bernard Bolzano (1781-1848) aims at giving a compact view of his main ideas in logic, semantics, epistemology and the methodology of science. These ideas are analyzed from a modern point of view in the Introduction. Furthermore, excerpts from Bolzano's correspondence are included which yield important remarks on his own work. The translation of the sections from the Wissenschaftslehre are based on a German text, which I have located in the Manuscript Department of the University Library in Prague (signature: 75 B 459). It was one of Bolzano's own copies of his printed work and contains a vast number of corrections made by Bolzano himself, thus representing the final stage of his thought, which has gone unnoticed in previous editions. The German originals of Bolzano's letters to M. J. Fesl, J. P. Romang, R. Zimmermann and F. Pi'ihonsky are in the Literary Archive of the Pamatnfk narodnfho pfsemnictvf in Prague. The original of the letter to F. Exner belongs to the Manuscript Department of the Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna. The original of the letter to J. E. Seidel is preserved in the Museum of the City of Ceske Budejovice.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789401025348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (405p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books on Philosophy of Science, Methodology, and Epistemology Published in Connection With the University of Western Ontario Philosophy of Science Programme 2
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On the Completeness of Quantum Mechanics -- Joint Probability Distributions in Quantum Mechanics -- Semantic Analysis of Quantum Logic -- Is The Principle of Superposition Really Necessary? -- Quantum Logics -- Metaphysics and Modern Physics: A Prolegomenon to the Understanding of Quantum Theory -- The General Relativistic Quantization Program -- Quantum Physics and General Relativity; the Search for a Deeper Theory -- On the Nature of Light and the Problem of Matter -- Epistemological Perspective on Quantum Theory.
    Abstract: To mathematicians, mathematics is a happy game, to scientists a mere tool and to philosophers a Platonic mystery - or so the caricature runs. The caricature reflects the alleged 'cultural gap' between the disciplines­ a gap for which there too often has been, sadly, sound historical evidence. In many minds the lack of communication between philosophy and the exact disciplines is especially prominent. Yet in the past there was no separation - exact knowledge, covering both scientists and mathemati­ cians, was known as natural philosophy and the business of providing a critical view of the nature of reality and an accurate mathematical de­ scription of it constituted a single task from the glorious tradition begun by the early Greek philosophers even up until Newton's day (but I am thinking of Descartes and Leibniz I). The lack of communication between these professional groups has been particularly unfortunate, for the past half century has seen the most ex­ citing developments in mathematical physics since Newton. These devel­ opments hinged on the introduction of vast new reaches of mathematics into physics (non-Euclidean geometries, covariant formulations, non­ commutative algebras, functional analysis and so on) and conversely have challenged mathematicians to develop the appropriate mathematical fields. Equally, these developments have posed profound philosophical problems to do with the rejection of traditional conceptions concerning the nature of physical reality and physical theorising.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401024402
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 8
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, Modern. ; History. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I. Inquiry -- II. Moral Judgment -- III. Psychology -- IV. Government -- V. Commerce -- VI. Commercial Policy -- VII. Religion -- Works Cited.
    Abstract: Adam Smith was one of the most important seminal social philosophers of modern times. Although his great masterpiece - the Wealth at Nations - is most frequently associated with the field of economics, it has exer­ cised a profound and abiding influence not only in that but in all areas of social theory and practice as well. In view of this it is not a little puzzling that after nearly two centuries there does not exist a single reliable account of the full range of his social philosophy. The "circumstances which have contributed to this void in the literature are easily identified. All who are at all familiar with Smith's life and writings recognize that he was a philosopher by profession and that all his writings were conceived and executed as works of philosophy. During his lifetime his work was viewed iIi that perspective. At about the time of his death in 1790, however, Smith's work was eclipsed in the field of philosophy by Hume and Reid in Great Britain and Kant on the conti­ nent. Thereafter the interpretation of his writings was taken up by those who were profoundly interested in only one aspect of his work, viz. , his political economy. In the process of explicating that feature of his thought the social philosophy upon which his political economy was based and of which it was but one application was at first ignored and then represented as rather simplistic.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 251 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 45
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 / Philosophy: Beacon or Trap -- 2 / Foundations: Clarity and Order -- 3 / Physical Theory: Overview -- 4 / The Referents of a Physical Theory -- 5 / Quantum Mechanics in Search of its Referent -- 6 / Analogy and Complementarity -- 7 / The Axiomatic Format -- 8 / Examples and Advantages of Axiomatics -- 9 / The Network of Theories -- 10 / The Theory/Experiment Interface -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book deals with some of the current issues in the philosophy, methodology and foundations of physics. Some such problems are: - Do mathematical formalisms interpret themselves or is it necessary to adjoin them interpretation assumptions, and if so how are these as­ sumptions to be framed? - What are physical theories about: physical systems or laboratory operations or both or neither? - How are the basic concepts of a theory to be introduced: by ref­ erence to measurements or by explicit definition or axiomatically? - What is the use ofaxiomatics in physics? - How are the various physical theories inter-related: like Chinese boxes or in more complex ways? - What is the role of analogy in the construction and in the inter­ pretation of physical theories? In particular, are classical analogues like those of particle and wave indispensable in quantum theories? - What is the role of the apparatus in quantum phenomena and what is the place of measurement theory in quantum mechanics? - How does a theory face experiment: single-handed or with the help of further theories? These and several other questions of the kind are met with by the research physicist, the physics teacher and the physics student in their everyday work. If dodged they will recur. And a wrong answer to them may obscure the understanding of what has been achieved and may even hamper further advancement. Philosophy, methodology and foundations, like rose bushes, are enjoyable when cultivated but become ugly and thorny when neglected.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401026222
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Second, enlarged edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 12
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Philosophical Problems of the Metric of Space and Time -- 1. Spatial and Temporal Congruence in Physics: A Critical Comparison of the Conceptions of Newton, Riemann, Poincaré, Eddington, Bridgman, Russell, and Whitehead -- 2. The Significance of Alternative Time Metrizations in Newtonian Mechanics and in the General Theory of Relativity -- 3. Critique of Reichenbach’s and Carnap’s Philosophy of Geometry -- 4. Critique of Einstein’s Philosophy of Geometry -- 5. Empiricism and the Geometry of Visual Space -- 6. The Resolution of Zeno’s Metrical Paradox of Extension for the Mathematical Continua of Space and Time -- II. Philosophical Problems of the Topology of Time and Space -- 7. The Causal Theory of Time -- 8. The Anisotropy of Time -- 9. The Asymmetry of Retrodictability and Predictability, the Compossibility of Explanation of the Past and Prediction of the Future, and Mechanism vs. Teleology -- 10. Is There a “Flow” of Time or Temporal “Becoming”? -- 11. Empiricism and the Three-Dimensionality of Space -- III. Philosophical Issues in the Theory of Relativity -- 12. Philosophical Foundations of the Special Theory of Relativity, and Their Bearing on Its History -- 13. Philosophical Appraisal of E. A. Milne’s Alternative to Einstein’s STR -- 14. Has the General Theory of Relativity Repudiated Absolute Space? -- 15. Philosophical Critique of Whitehead’s Theory of Relativity -- Bibliography for the First Edition -- IV. Supplementary Studies 1964–1973 -- 1. Supplement to Part I -- 16. Space, Time and Falsifiability (First Installment) -- 17. Can We Ascertain the Falsity of a Scientific Hypothesis? -- 18. Can an Infinitude of Operations Be Performed in a Finite Time? -- 2. Supplement to Part II -- 19. Is the Coarse-Grained Entropy of Classical Statistical Mechanics an Anthropomorphism? -- 3. Supplement to Part III -- 20. Simultaneity by Slow Clock Transport in the Special Theory of Relativity -- 21. The Bearing of Philosophy on the History of the Special Theory of Relativity -- Chppter 22. General Relativity, Geometrodynamics and Ontology -- Index of Personal Names — Compiled by Mr. Theodore C. Falk -- Index of Subjects — Compiled by Mr. Theodore C. Falk.
    Abstract: It is ten years since Adolf Griinbaum published the first edition of this book. It was promptly recognized to be one of the few major works in the philosophy of the natural sciences of this generation. In part, this is so because Griinbaum has chosen a problem basic both to philosophy and to the natural sciences - the nature of space and time; and in part, this is so because he so admirably exemplifies that Aristotelian devotion to the intimate and mutual dependence of actual science and philosophical understanding. More than this, however, the quality of his work derives from his achievement in combining detail with scope. The problems of space and time have been among the most difficult in contemporary and classical thought, and Griinbaum has been responsible to the full depth and complexity of these difficulties. This revised and enlarged second edition is a work in progress, in the tradition of reflective analysis of modern science of such figures as Ehrenfest and Reichenbach. In publishing this work among the Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, we hope to contribute to and encourage that broad tradition of natural philosophy which is marked by the close collaboration of philoso­ phers and scientists. To this end, we have published the proceedings of our Colloquia, of meetings and conferences here and abroad, as well as the works of single authors.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401023559
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Materials Science Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: (The Nature of Polymer Glasses, Their Packing Density and Mechanical Behaviour) -- The Nature of Polymeric Glasses -- Packing Volume in the Glassy State -- The Rigidity of Polymer Glasses -- Large Deformations and Fracture -- References -- 1 The Thermodynamics of the Glassy State -- 1.1 Introductory Thermodynamic Considerations -- 1.2 Glassy Solidification and Transition Phenomena -- 1.3 Results of the Thermodynamic Theory of Linear Relaxation Phenomena -- 1.4 Glassy Mixed Phases -- 1.5 The Mobility and Structure of Glassy Phases -- References -- 2 X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Structure of Amorphous Polymers -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Interaction of X-rays With Matter -- 2.3 Order and Orientation in Polymers -- 2.4 Diffraction of X-rays by Amorphous Materials -- 2.5 Small Angle X-ray Scattering -- 2.6 The Radial Distribution Function for Amorphous Polymers -- References -- 3 Relaxation Processes in Amorphous Polymers -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Molecular Motion in Polymeric Melts and Glasses -- 3.3 Secondary Relaxation Regions in Typical Organic Glasses -- References -- 4 Creep in Glassy Polymers -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.3 Apparatus and Experimental Methods -- 4.4 Creep Phenomena in Glassy Polymers -- 4.5 Final Comments -- References and Bibliography -- 5 The Yield Behaviour of Glassy Polymers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.3 Mechanical Tests -- 5.4 Characteristics of the Yield Process -- 5.5 Inhomogeneous Deformation -- 5.6 Structural Observations -- 5.7 Yield Criteria for Polymers -- 5.8 Molecular Theories of Yielding -- References -- 6 The Post-Yield Behaviour of Amorphous Plastics -- 6.1 General -- 6.2 The Phenomena of’ strain Softening’ -- 6.3 Plastic Instability Phenomena -- 6.4 The Adiabatic Heating of Polymers Subject to Large Deformations -- 6.5 Orientation Hardening -- 6.6 Large Deformation and Fracture -- References -- 7 Cracking and Crazing in Polymeric Glasses -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Fracture Mechanics -- 7.3 Fatigue Fracture -- 7.4 Crazing -- 7.5 Molecular Fracture -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Rubber ReinForced Thermoplastics -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Rubber Reinforced Glassy Polymers of Commercial Importance -- 8.3 Methods of Manufacture -- 8.4 Incompatibility in Polymer Mixtures -- 8.5 Identification of Two Phase Rubber Reinforced Systems -- 8.6 Dispersed Phase Morphology -- 8.7 Optical Properties -- 8.8 Mechanical Properties -- References -- 9 The Diffusion and Sorption of Gases and Vapours in Glassy Polymers -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Ideal and Non-ideal Sorption and Diffusion of Fixed Gases -- 9.3 The Effect of the Glass Transition on Gas and Vapour Diffusion in Polymers -- 9.4 Relaxation Controlled Transport and Related Crazing of Polymeric Glasses by Vapours -- 9.5 Some Effects of Crystallinity and Orientation on the Transport of Gases and Vapours in Glassy Polymers -- References -- 10 The Morphology of Regular Block Copolymers -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Techniques Used for the Study of the Morphology of Block Copolymers -- 10.3 Variables Controlling the Morphology -- 10.4 Studies with Specific Systems -- 10.5 Theories of the Morphology of Block Copolymers -- 10.6 Implications of Theories and Comparison With Experiment -- 10.7 Mechanical Properties and Deformations -- 10.8 Crystallinity -- References -- Appendix I Glass Transition Temperatures and Expansion Coefficients for the Glass and Rubber States of some Typical Polymeric Glasses -- Appendix II Conversion Factors for SI Units.
    Abstract: This work sets out to provide an up-to-date account of the physical properties and structure of polymers in the glassy state. Properties measured above the glass transition temperature are therefore included only in so far as is necessary for the treatment of the glass transition process. This approach to the subject therefore excludes any detailed account of rubber elasticity or melt rheology or of the structure and conformation of the long chain molecule in solution, although knowledge derived from this field is assumed where required. Major emphasis is placed on structural and mechanical properties, although a number of other physical properties are included. Naturally the different authors contributing to the book write mainly from their own particular points of view and where there are several widely accepted theoretical approaches to a subject, these are sometimes provided in different chapters which will necessarily overlap to a significant extent. For example, the main theoretical presentation on the subject of glass transition is given in Chapter 1. This is supplemented by accounts of the free volume theory in Chapter 3 and in the Introduction, and a short account of the work of Gibbs and DiMarzio, also in Chapter 3. Similarly, there is material on solvent cracking in Chapters 7 and 9, though the two workers approach the subject from opposite directions. Every effort has therefore been made to encourage cross-referencing between different chapters.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789401024457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 7
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics
    Abstract: Perception -- Aesthetic Perception -- Aesthetic Qualities -- The Connection -- A Note on the Text -- Lectures on the Fine Arts -- Mind and Body -- Taste and the Fine Arts.
    Abstract: The past few years have seen a revival of interest in Thomas Reid's philosophy. His moral theory has been studied by D. D. Raphael (The Moral Sense) and his entire philosophical position by S. A. Grave (The Scottish Philosophy of Common Sense). Prior to both, A. D. Woozley gave us the first modern reprint of Reid's Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man - in fact the first edition of any work by Reid to appear in print since the Philosophical Works was edited in the nineteenth century by Sir William Hamilton. But Reid's aesthetic philosophy has not received its due. Woozley, in abridging the Essays, omitted the whole final essay, "On Taste," which is the only extended work on aesthetic theory that Reid ever published. Raphael, being interested primarily in Reid's moral theory, understand­ ably, treated aesthetics only as it was related to morality. And Grave, although he did present a short and very cogent resume of Reid's aes­ thetic position, obviously found himself drawn to other elements of Reid's philosophy. There are, of course, some accounts of Reid's aes­ thetic theory to be found in the various studies of eighteenth-century British aesthetics and criticism. None, however, appears to me to do any kind of justice to the philosophical questions which Reid treats in his aesthetics and philosophy of art.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401020275
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Moral Justification -- II. Definitions,Justification and Punishment -- a. ‘Punishment’ is an activity-word -- b. Punishment involves some imposition -- c. Punishment is meted out for moral wrongs -- d. Punishment is inflicted on offenders -- e. Must punishment be administered by an authority? -- f. Punishment as a moral notion -- III. The Concept of Desert -- a. The deserving -- b. The deserved -- c. The grounds of desert -- IV. Getting What One Deserves -- The authority to punish -- V. Desert, Punishment and Justice -- a. Justice vs. utility -- b. Justice and mercy -- c. Justice and forgiveness -- VI. Punishment and Responsibility -- a. Problems of determining responsibility -- b. Responsibility as alterability -- c. The elimination of responsibility -- d. Moral and legal responsibility -- VII. Getting as Much as One Deserves -- a. Scaling deserts -- b. Lex talionis -- c. An alternative -- d. Institutionalized penalties -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Superficial acquaintance with the literature on punishment leaves a fairly definite impression. There are two approaches to punishment - retributive and utilitarian - and while some attempts may be made to reconcile them, it is the former rather than the latter which requires the reconciliation. Taken by itself the retributive approach is primitive and unenlightened, falling short of the rational civilized humanitarian values which we have now acquired. Certainly this is the dominant impression left by 'popular' discussions of the SUbject. And retributive vs. utilitarian seems to be the mould in which most philosophical dis­ cussions are cast. The issues are far more complex than this. Punishment may be con­ sidered in a great variety of contexts - legal, educational, parental, theological, informal, etc. - and in each of these contexts several im­ portant moral questions arise. Approaches which see only a simple choice between retributivism and utilitarianism tend to obscure this variety and plurality. But even more seriously, the distinction between retributivism and utilitarianism is far from clear. That it reflects the traditional distinction between deontological and teleological ap­ proaches to ethics serves to transfer rather than to resolve the un­ clarity. Usually it is said that retributive approaches seek to justify acts by reference to features which are intrinsic to them, whereas utilitarian approaches appeal to the consequences of such acts. This, however, makes assumptions about the individuation of acts which are difficult to justify.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Moral JustificationII. Definitions,Justification and Punishment -- a. ‘Punishment’ is an activity-word -- b. Punishment involves some imposition -- c. Punishment is meted out for moral wrongs -- d. Punishment is inflicted on offenders -- e. Must punishment be administered by an authority? -- f. Punishment as a moral notion -- III. The Concept of Desert -- a. The deserving -- b. The deserved -- c. The grounds of desert -- IV. Getting What One Deserves -- The authority to punish -- V. Desert, Punishment and Justice -- a. Justice vs. utility -- b. Justice and mercy -- c. Justice and forgiveness -- VI. Punishment and Responsibility -- a. Problems of determining responsibility -- b. Responsibility as alterability -- c. The elimination of responsibility -- d. Moral and legal responsibility -- VII. Getting as Much as One Deserves -- a. Scaling deserts -- b. Lex talionis -- c. An alternative -- d. Institutionalized penalties -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401024143
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 153 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology .
    Abstract: I. Introductory -- II. The Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl -- III. Husserl’s Appreciation and Understanding of Hume -- IV. The Theory of the “Generalthesis der natürlichen Einstellung” (Husserl) and the System of the “vulgar consciousness” (Hume) -- V. The Concept of Reduction -- VI. The Concept of Constitution and Hume’s Imagination -- VII. The Concept of the “Lebenswelt” and the “external world” of Hume -- VIII. The Science of transcendental Subjectivity and of Human Nature -- IX. Experience -- X. Reason -- XI. Experience and Reason -- XII. Towards a Theory of “Comprehensive, Critical and Reflective Experience” -- Bibliographical References.
    Abstract: In this work the author has tried to present a brief exposition of the phenomenology of HusserI. In doing this, he had in mind a two-fold purpose. He wanted on the one hand to give a critical exposition, interpretation and appreciation of the most leading concepts of HusserI­ ian phenomenology. On the other hand, he tried to show that a true comprehensive understanding of HusserI's phenomenology culminates in his teaching of experience and reason. It is the strong conviction of the author that the central-most teaching of HusserI's phenomenology is the discovery of the "noetic­ noematic" correlativity. In the reduced realm of "constituting­ intentionality," the distinction between reason and experience seems to vanish, and these two concepts become interchangeable terms. The present study suffers from one great limitation, and this must be made clear right here in order to avoid any misconception about the author's intentions. The author has not discussed the other important theories of experience and reason. He has undertaken the humble task of giving an account of HusserI's phenomenology of experience and reason. The bringing in of Hume serves, as would be clear in the course of the book, a two-fold purpose. It tries on the one hand to show the pro­ grammatic similarity between the philosophies of these two philoso­ phers. On the other hand, it implicitly maintains that the philosophical continuity from Hume to HusserI runs not so much via Kant, but rather via Meinong, Brentano, A venarius, James and so forth.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductoryII. The Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl -- III. Husserl’s Appreciation and Understanding of Hume -- IV. The Theory of the “Generalthesis der natürlichen Einstellung” (Husserl) and the System of the “vulgar consciousness” (Hume) -- V. The Concept of Reduction -- VI. The Concept of Constitution and Hume’s Imagination -- VII. The Concept of the “Lebenswelt” and the “external world” of Hume -- VIII. The Science of transcendental Subjectivity and of Human Nature -- IX. Experience -- X. Reason -- XI. Experience and Reason -- XII. Towards a Theory of “Comprehensive, Critical and Reflective Experience” -- Bibliographical References.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789401024341
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 308 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: Thinking with Hegel -- Hegel Editing and Hegel Research -- A Critical Survey of Hegel Scholarship in English: 1962–1969 -- The Hegelian Dialectic -- Comment on Weil’s ‘The Hegelian Dialectic’ -- Hegel and the Philosophy of Physics -- Comment on Findlay’s ‘Hegel and the Philosophy of Physics’ -- Hegel and Marx -- Comment on Calvez’s ‘Hegel and Marx’ -- The Conceptualization of Religious Mystery: An Essay in Hegel’s Philosophy of Religion -- Religion as Representation -- Hegel and the Secularization Hypothesis -- Comment on Dove’s ‘Hegel and the Secularization Hypothesis’ -- Hegel and Judaism: A Flaw in the Hegelian Mediation -- Comment on Fackenheim’s ‘Hegel and Judaism’ -- Labor, Alienation, and Social Classes in Hegel’s Real-philosophie -- Comment on Avineri’s ‘Labor, Alienation, and Social Classes in Hegel’s Realphilosophie’ -- Remarks on the Papers of Avineri and Pöggeler -- Hegel and Contemporary Liberalism, Anarchism, Socialism: A Defense of the Rechtsphilosophie Against Marx and His Contemporary Followers -- Comment on Doull’s ‘Hegel and Contemporary Liberalism, Anarchism, Socialism’ -- Round-Table Discussion on Problems of Translating Hegel -- The Hegelians of Saint Louis, Missouri and their Influence in the United States -- Ideas and Ideal -- Hegel: A Bibliography of Books in English, Arranged Chronologically.
    Abstract: The present volume represents the proceedings of the Marquette Hegel Symposium, held at Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on June 2-5, 1970. The Symposium, celebrating the two-hundredth annivers­ ary of Hegel's birth, was presented under the combined sponsorship of the Philosophy Department of Marquette University, the American Coun­ cil of Learned Societies, and the Johnson Foundation of Racine, Wiscon­ sin. Its general theme embraced not only specific topics of interest in con­ temporary Hegel studies, but also the wider aspects of the influences and impact of Hegel's thought upon contemporary philosophical, political, and social problems. Principal contributors and panelists were selected for their scholarly achievements in Hegel studies and also in keeping with the broad view of the Hegelian legacy in current thought. All sessions of the Symposium were plenary, and designed for maximum discussion and in­ terchange among participants. The Symposium Committee regrets that it has not been feasible to incorporate the transcript of the discussions (ex­ cept for the round-table discussion on editing and translating Hegel) into this volume. The papers presented in each day's sessions are published here with editorial changes and corrections made by their respective authors. The papers by Professors Otto Poggeler and Eric Weil were originally trans­ lated by members of our Committee: the present versions incorporate many changes and corrections made by their authors. The comments on each paper were brought into their present form only after the Symposium, and in the light of the discussions which took place during it.
    Description / Table of Contents: Thinking with HegelHegel Editing and Hegel Research -- A Critical Survey of Hegel Scholarship in English: 1962-1969 -- The Hegelian Dialectic -- Comment on Weil’s ‘The Hegelian Dialectic’ -- Hegel and the Philosophy of Physics -- Comment on Findlay’s ‘Hegel and the Philosophy of Physics’ -- Hegel and Marx -- Comment on Calvez’s ‘Hegel and Marx’ -- The Conceptualization of Religious Mystery: An Essay in Hegel’s Philosophy of Religion -- Religion as Representation -- Hegel and the Secularization Hypothesis -- Comment on Dove’s ‘Hegel and the Secularization Hypothesis’ -- Hegel and Judaism: A Flaw in the Hegelian Mediation -- Comment on Fackenheim’s ‘Hegel and Judaism’ -- Labor, Alienation, and Social Classes in Hegel’s Real-philosophie -- Comment on Avineri’s ‘Labor, Alienation, and Social Classes in Hegel’s Realphilosophie’ -- Remarks on the Papers of Avineri and Pöggeler -- Hegel and Contemporary Liberalism, Anarchism, Socialism: A Defense of the Rechtsphilosophie Against Marx and His Contemporary Followers -- Comment on Doull’s ‘Hegel and Contemporary Liberalism, Anarchism, Socialism’ -- Round-Table Discussion on Problems of Translating Hegel -- The Hegelians of Saint Louis, Missouri and their Influence in the United States -- Ideas and Ideal -- Hegel: A Bibliography of Books in English, Arranged Chronologically.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9781468485004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Abstracts -- Permuted Subject Index -- Author Index -- Microthesaurus.
    Abstract: This volume follows and updates AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON DIVING AND SUBMARINE MEDICINE published by Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc., in 1971. The time period covered is primarily the calendar years 1970 and 1971. Also included, however, is much material from the calendar years 1968 and 1969 not in the previous publication. A brief analysis of the sources of material precedes the citations and abstracts, which comprise the main section of the volume. The bibliography is followed by a permuted subject index and an author index. Also included, following the indexes, is a micro thesaurus. Although no attempt has been made to do a critical subject analysis, such an analysis could be accomplished through selecting a particular subject, looking up the appropriate key works in the rotated index, identifying the abstracts, analyzing them, obtaining complete copy as desired, and completing the critical review. David C. Weeks, Ph.D. Director, BSCP Washington, D.C.
    Description / Table of Contents: AbstractsPermuted Subject Index -- Author Index -- Microthesaurus.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401507660
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Medicine—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- A. Occasions for an Investigation -- B. Categories and Categorial Accounts -- C. Programs of Investigation -- D. Legitimacy of This Investigation -- II. A Phenomenology of Mind and Body -- A. Experience of Mind-Body -- B. A Phenomenological Outline of an Ontology -- III. Alternative Accounts -- A. Conflicting Ontologies -- B. Transcendental Requirements -- IV. A Transcendental Ontological Account -- A. A Dialectical Relation -- B. The Dialectic of Mind and Body -- C. Negative and Positive Dialectics and the Identity in Difference -- D. An Answer to the Quid Juris -- V. Ontological and Empirical Structures -- A. Transcendental and Empirical Science -- B. The Mind’s Embodiment -- G. Structural Integration and Independence of Mind and Body -- D. Psyche and Soma -- E. Conclusion.
    Abstract: The relation of mind and body is one of the central problems of post­ Cartesian times. It has precluded a unified theory of the positive sciences and prevented a satisfactory notion of man's psychophysical unity. Gen­ erally it has been treated as a problem of causality and solutions have been sought in various schemata of etiological relations. Proposals have ranged from that of reciprocal action between two substances and two causal streams to a reduction of all phenomena to a single causal stream involving a single class of substances. This investigation will abandon such schemata and attempt to start afresh. It will analyze the relation of strata of meaning involved and will be only tangentially concerned with the causal relations of mind and body. This investigation will view the relation of mind and body no longer as the association of two substances, two things, but as the integration of two levels of conceptual richness. This is a move from hypostatization, reification, to categorialization - a move from the opacity of things to the relative lucidity of their significance. It recognizes that philosophy seeks not new facts about being but rather a way of understanding the integration of widely diverse domains of facts. Here the goal is the expla­ nation of the unity of being, specifically the being of mind and body, in terms of thought - that for which being has significance and that for which incongruities of significance appear as a problem.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionA. Occasions for an Investigation -- B. Categories and Categorial Accounts -- C. Programs of Investigation -- D. Legitimacy of This Investigation -- II. A Phenomenology of Mind and Body -- A. Experience of Mind-Body -- B. A Phenomenological Outline of an Ontology -- III. Alternative Accounts -- A. Conflicting Ontologies -- B. Transcendental Requirements -- IV. A Transcendental Ontological Account -- A. A Dialectical Relation -- B. The Dialectic of Mind and Body -- C. Negative and Positive Dialectics and the Identity in Difference -- D. An Answer to the Quid Juris -- V. Ontological and Empirical Structures -- A. Transcendental and Empirical Science -- B. The Mind’s Embodiment -- G. Structural Integration and Independence of Mind and Body -- D. Psyche and Soma -- E. Conclusion.
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  • 66
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025966
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (269p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, And on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 53
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Theoretical concepts and inductive Inference -- 1. Problems of Inductive Systematization: the Transitivity Dilemma -- 2. Inductive Systematization Established by Theories -- 3. A Logical Framework for the Dynamics of Conceptual Change and Induction -- 2. Hintikka’s Two-Dimensional Continuum of Inductive Logic -- 1. Summary of Hintikka’s Two-dimensional Continuum -- 2. The Treatment of Incomplete Evidence -- 3. Inductive Probabilities of Weak Generalizations -- 1. Probabilities in the Observational Language -- 2. Evidential Theoretical Concepts -- 3. Non-Evidential Theoretical Concepts -- 4. Inductive Probabilities of Strong Generalizations -- 5. Piecewise Definable Theoretical Concepts -- 6. Epistemic Utilities and Inductive Systematization -- 1. Measures of Information and Systematic Power -- 2. Expected Epistemic Utilities of Generalizations -- 3. Competing Generalizations -- 7. Theoretical Concepts and Inductive Explanation -- 1. Explanatory Power of Theories -- 2. Inductive Explanation Illustrated -- 3. Positive Inductive Relevance, Supersessance, and Screening Off -- 4. Inductive Explanation within Hintikka’s System -- 8. Corroboration and Theoretical Concepts -- 1. Theoretical and Observational Support -- 2. Measures of Corroboration Based on Positive Inductive Relevance -- 3. Hintikka’s Measure of Corroboration -- 9. The Logical Indispensability of Theoretical Concepts within Inductive Systematization -- 1. The Theoretician’s Dilemma: Methodological Instrumentalism Refuted -- 2. Logical Indispensability and Positive Inductive Relevance -- 3. Logical Indispensability and Rules of Acceptance -- 10. Linguistic Variance in Inductive Logic -- 1. Linguistic Invariance and Linguistic Variance -- 2. Probability Kinematics -- 3. Goodman’s New Riddle of Induction -- 11. Towards a Non-Inductivist Logic of Induction -- 1. Deductivism and Inductivism -- 2. Hypothetico-Deductive and Hypothetico-Inductive Inference -- 3. The Atheoretical Thesis -- 4. Converse Deduction and Indirect Support -- 5. Conjectures.
    Abstract: Conceptual change and its connection to the development of new seien­ tific theories has reeently beeome an intensively discussed topic in philo­ sophieal literature. Even if the inductive aspects related to conceptual change have already been discussed to some extent, there has so far existed no systematic treatment of inductive change due to conceptual enrichment. This is what we attempt to accomplish in this work, al­ though most of our technical results are restricted to the framework of monadic languages. We extend Hintikka's system of inductive logic to apply to situations in which new concepts are introduced to the original language. By interpreting them as theoretica1 concepts, it is possible to discuss a number of currently debated philosophical and methodological problems which have previously escaped systematic and exact treatment. For instance, the role which seientific theories employing theoretical con­ cepts may play within inductive inference can be studied within this framework. From the viewpoint of seientific realism, sueh a study gives outlines for a theory of what we call hypothetico-induetive inference. Some parts of this work which are based on Hintikka's system of in­ ductive logic are fairly technical. However, no previous knowledge of this system is required, but, in general, acquaintance with the basic ideas of elementary logic and probability theory is suffieient. This work is part of a project, originated by Professors Jaakko Hintikka and Raimo Tuomela, concerning the role of theoretical concepts in science.
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  • 67
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 50
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Logic -- Matters of Relevance -- Notions of Relevance. Comments on Leblanc’s Paper -- II: Semantics -- Translation and Reduction -- A Program for the Semantics of Science -- III: Erotetics -- S-P Interrogatives -- IV: Philosophy of Mathematics -- Foundations as a Branch of Mathematics -- Naturalism in Mathematics. Comments on Hatcher’s Paper -- V: Philosophy of Science -- Deductive Explanation of Scientific Laws -- VI: Metaphysics -- Concepts of Randomness -- VII: Ethics -- The Logic of Conditional Obligation -- On Evaluating Deontic Logics. Comments on van Fraassen’s Paper -- VIII: Legal Philosophy -- The Intuitive Background of Normative Legal Discourse and Its Formalization -- IX: History of Philosophy -- Plato’s Phaedo Theory of Relations.
    Abstract: The papers that follow were read and discussed at the first Symposium on Exact Philosophy. This conference was held at Montreal on November 4th and 5th, 1971, to celebrate the sesquicentennial of McGill University and establish the Society for Exact Philosophy. The expression 'exact philosophy' is taken to signify mathematical phi­ losophy, i.e., philosophy done with the explicit help of mathematical logic and mathematics. So far the expression denotes an attitude rather than a fully blown discipline: it intends to convey the intention to try and pro­ ceed in as exact a manner as we can in formulating and discussing phi­ losophical problems and theories. The kind of philosophy we wish to practice and promote is disciplined rather than wild, systematic rather than disconnected, and capable of being argued over rather than oracular. We believe that even metaphysics, notoriously riotous, can be subjected to the control of logic and mathematics. Even the history of philosophy, notoriously unsystematic, can benefit from an exact reconstruction of some classical ideas.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789401026567
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (480p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 13
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Perception and Philosophy Science -- (1) Nature of a Perceptual Theory -- (2) The Psychophysical Law -- (3) Perception of Light and Color -- (4) Perception of Voice and Music -- (5) Theory of Space and Time -- (6) Statistical Theory of Fields -- (7) The Problem of the Unity of Physics -- (8) Nature of a Physical Theory -- (9) A Theory of Psycho-social Evolution -- The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics -- Defense of a Non-Conventionalist Interpretation of Classical Mechanics -- Comments on C. A. Hooker: Systematic Realism -- The Formal Representation of Physical Quantities -- Comments on ‘The Formal Representation of Physical Quantities’ -- Comments on ‘The Formal Representation of Physical Quantities’ -- The Labyrinth of Quantum Logics -- Ontic Commitments of Quantum Mechanics -- Comments on ‘Ontic Commitments of Quantum Mechanics’ -- Quantum Logic and Classical Logic: Their Respective Roles -- Implications of a New Axiom Set for Quantum Logic -- Two Types of Continuity -- General Relativity — Some Puzzling Questions -- Personal Remembrance of Albert Einstein -- The Controversy Concerning the Law of Causality in Contemporary Physics -- Topical Table of Contents -- (1) Causality -- (2) Relevance of Probability -- (3) Teleology in Physics? -- (4) Probability and Free Will.
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  • 69
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468428476
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: ALZA Conference Series 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section I — Temporal Organization in Biosystems -- The Biological Time Scale -- Temporal and Hierarchical Organization in Biosystems -- Time and Timelessness in Biological Clocks -- Section II — Temporal Aspects of Subcellular Synthesis -- Sequential Assembly of Virus Particles -- Temporal Aspects of Macromolecular Synthesis in Eukaryotic Cells -- Section III — Temporal Aspects of Organ System Function -- Hormonal Control of the Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation in the Rhesus Monkey -- Section IV — Temporal Patterns and Therapeutics -- Pharmacokinetic Aspects of Controlled Drug Delivery Systems -- Cell Proliferation Characteristics and Cancer Chemotherapy -- Chronopharmacology in the Treatment of Hypertension with Diuretics -- Testosterone Polydimethylsiloxane Implants and Contraception in Male Rabbits -- Progress towards an Implantable Glucose Sensor and an Artificial Beta Cell -- Epilogue.
    Abstract: Drugs are molecular agents of a physician's purpose. Discussions of their mechanisms of action center upon biochemical processes, even though the therapeutic intent may be to create an effect at a higher level of organization. We often prescribe to stop pain, increase vigor, assure sleep, curtail infection, alleviate inflammation, elevate mood, etc. To achieve rational therapy at high levels of organization it is not enough to know the molecular structures of drugs, and the points at which they couple into biochemical reaction chains. Such knowledge deals with static concepts, whereas the biosystems we treat extend in the dimensions of time as well as in those of space. Even when "resting", a biosystem manifests a dynamic stability, and sustains numerous processes whose successive states follow trajectories in time. A chemical message is not necessarily received by a biosystem as the same signal at one time as at another. Studies of cell cycle biochemistry, and of circadian variations in toxicity of some agents, have emphasized the importance of time as an aspect of therapeutics. In this volume, temporal aspects of living systems are considered. In the first section they are dealt with from the point of view of general design principles, in three papers by Morowitz, by Yates and Iberall, and by Winfree. In the second section, papers by Kaiser and by Thompson present accounts of sequential events in fundamental subcellular processes.
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  • 70
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025195
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 44
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 44
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: On Method in the Philosophy of Science -- I: Scientific Method -- 2. Testability Today -- 3. Is Biology Methodologically Unique? -- 4. The Axiomatic Method in Physics -- II: Conceptual Models -- 5. Concepts of Model -- 6. Analogy, Simulation, Representation -- 7. Mathematical Modeling in Social Science -- III: Metaphysics -- 8. Is Scientific Metaphysics Possible? -- 9. The Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Methodology of Levels -- 10. How do Realism, Materialism and Dialectics Fare in Contemporary Science? -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This collection of essays deals with three clusters of problems in the philo­ sophy of science: scientific method, conceptual models, and ontological underpinnings. The disjointedness of topics is more apparent than real, since the whole book is concerned with the scientific knowledge of fact. Now, the aim of factual knowledge is the conceptual grasping of being, and this understanding is provided by theories of whatever there may be. If the theories are testable and specific, such as a theory of a particular chemical reaction, then they are often called 'theoretical models' and clas­ sed as scientific. If the theories are extremely general, like a theory of syn­ thesis and dissociation without any reference to a particular kind of stuff, then they may be called 'metaphysical' - as well as 'scientific' if they are consonant with science. Between these two extremes there is a whole gamut of kinds of factual theories. Thus the entire spectrum should be dominated by the scientific method, quite irrespective of the subject matter. This is the leitmotiv of the present book. The introductory chapter, on method in the philosophy of science, tackles the question 'Why don't scientists listen to their philosophers?'.
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  • 71
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401023986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’archives-Husserl 55
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 55
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.
    Abstract: This multilingual glossary is a guide for translating writings by Edmund RusserI into English. It has been compiled and improved in the course of about thirty years for my own guidance. Its initial pur­ pose and the tests it has undergone in use have determined its contents. The translations I have made are far from being limited to those I have published or intend to publish. As I read and translate more, occasions will doubtless arise to include more expressions in the glossary and to improve the lists of English renderings I shall thenceforth use. The glossary is given the present title and submitted now for publication because numerous experts have said it would be useful not only to other translators of HusserI but also to his readers generally. For a translation of such writings as RusserI's the guidance offered by ordinary bilingual dictionaries is inadequate in opposite respects. On the one hand, there are easily translatable expressions for which numerous such dictionaries offer too many equivalent renderings. On the other hand, there are difficultly translatable expressions that any such dictionary either fails to translate at all or else translates by expressions none of which fit the sense. In following such dictionaries a translator must therefore practise consistency on the one hand and ingenuity on the other. Hence the need for a written glossary such as this one.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789401024242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Institute of Philosophy Entretiens in Amsterdam / Institut International De Philosophie Entretiens D’Amsterdam, 8-11 September 1971 / 8-11 septembre 1971 3
    Series Statement: Institut International de Philosophie 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Modern philosophy. ; Cross-cultural psychology.
    Abstract: Table des Matières -- Human Sciences and the Problem of Values -- Das Ontologische Problem des Wertes -- Axiology and Analysis -- La Justification des Normes -- The “Factual” and the “Normative” -- On Justifying Norms -- Facts, Values and Actions -- “Freedom from Values” Examined.
    Abstract: K. Kuypers: HUMAN SCIENCES AND THE PROBLEM OF VALUES 1 H. G. Gadamer: DAS ONTOLOGISCHE PROBLEM DES WERTES 17 Manfred Moritz: AXIOLOGY AND ANALYSIS 33 Ch. Perelman: LA JUSTIFICATION DES NORMES 47 Max Black: THE "FACTUAL" AND THE "NORMATIVE" 55 P. Lorenzen: ON JUSTIFYING NORMS 65 Richard McKeon: FACTS, VALUES AND ACTIONS 73 N. Rotenstreich: "FREEDOM FROM VALUES" EXAMINED 87 PREFACE In accordance with a suggestion made in the preceding assembly of the Institute in Helsinki (1970), as theme of the Entretiens in Amsterdam was chosen: Human sciences and the problem of values. As usual the organization of the Entretiens was committed to a local committee in close collaboration with the office of the Institute in Paris. The confer­ ence was held from 8 till II September 1971 in the so called Trippenhuis (house where lived the family Trip in the 17th and 18th century), seat of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and Letters. The sessions were attended by about 70 people, not only members but also some invited colleagues and assistants representing the philosophers in the Dutch universities. The papers were multiplied and distributed to the participants some time before the beginning of the conference. By so doing each speaker (rapporteur) could restrict himself to a short summary of the main points of his paper or a short comment as introduction, immediately followed by a general discussion.
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  • 73
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401024617
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 99 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 6
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: One Varieties of Despair -- Two Darwin’s Literary Theory -- Three The Playfulness of the Picturesque The Mirth of the Material -- Four Making It Strange Technically -- Five The Full Comedian: A Final Loose Analogy -- Bibliographical List.
    Abstract: The Child is father of the Man; And I could wish my days to be Bound each to each by natural piety. William Wordsworth, "Ode: Intimations of Immortality" Wallace Stevens said somewhere that the theory of poetry is the life of poetry.l Charles Darwin, who likes poetry, "recognized that at the eost of losing his appreciation of poetry and other things that delighted him in his youth, his mind had become a 'machine for grinding generallaws out of large colleetions of facts.' "2 Somewhere in between the polar positions of Stevens' extreme aesthetic belief and Darwin's extreme meehanistic belief lies the aesthetics of empirical thought and the whole modem Romantic tradition. There have been men in between who were both meehanists and poets, who both beIieved in automatic material meehanisms and tried to use the imagination. Erasmus Darwin was one of these "in between" figures. and since he lived early (1731-1802) in the modem scientific era he was one of the first. This older Darwin, the grandfather of Charles, has not been given due credit as a transitional figure in the development of the literature of our scientific era. Although historically and in terms of intelleetual stature the grandfather was a fanciful child compared to the giant grand­ soo, Erasmus Darwin's habits of thought anticipated one of the most distinguishing charaeteristics of his grandson. (The genetic suggestive.
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  • 74
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401019811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 200 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Heidegger today -- The nature of man and the world of nature for Heidegger’s 80th birthday -- Heidegger’s question: An exposition -- Heidegger on time and being -- Concerning empty and ful-filled time -- Heidegger and consciousness -- The mathematical and the hermeneutical: On Heidegger’s notion of the apriori -- The problem of language -- Language and reversal -- Language and two phenomenologies -- The work of art and other things -- Two Heideggerian analyses -- On the pattern of phenomenological method -- Heidegger seen from France.
    Abstract: When Heidegger's influence was at its zenith in Gennany from the early fifties to the early sixties, most serious students of philosophy in that country were deeply steeped in his thought. His students or students of his students filled many if not most of the major chairs in philosophy. A cloud of reputedly Black Forest mysticism veiled the perspective of many of his critics and admirers at home and abroad. Droves of people flocked to hear lectures by him that most could not understand, even on careful reading, much less on one hearing. He loomed so large that Being and Time frequently could not be seen as a highly imaginative, initial approach to a strictly limited set of questions, but was viewed either as an all-embracing fmt order catastrophy incorporating at once the most feared consequences of Boehme, Kierkegaard, RiIke, and Nietzsche, or as THE ANSWER. But most of that has past. Heidegger's dominance of Gennan philosophy has ceased. One can now brush aside the larger-than-life images of Heidegger, the fears that his language was creating a cult phenomenon, the convictions that only those can understand him who give their lives to his thought. His language is at times unusually difficult, at times simple and beautiful. Some of his insights are obscure and not helpful, others are exciting and clarifying. One no longer expects Heidegger to interpret literature like a literary critic or an academic philologist.
    Description / Table of Contents: Heidegger todayThe nature of man and the world of nature for Heidegger’s 80th birthday -- Heidegger’s question: An exposition -- Heidegger on time and being -- Concerning empty and ful-filled time -- Heidegger and consciousness -- The mathematical and the hermeneutical: On Heidegger’s notion of the apriori -- The problem of language -- Language and reversal -- Language and two phenomenologies -- The work of art and other things -- Two Heideggerian analyses -- On the pattern of phenomenological method -- Heidegger seen from France.
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  • 75
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401020077
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: Three Different Biographies -- Topic for an Historical Novel -- Time Is not Reversible -- The Constituents of the Universe -- The Elements and Their Moiras -- Nous, the Ruler Element and Construction Engineer -- Cosmogony -- The Primordial Condition -- First Means of Cosmopoeia: Differentiation -- Second Means of Cosmopoeia: Rotation -- Differentiation and Rotation Acting Together -- Third Means of Cosmopoeia: Dismemberment of the Axis -- “There are Some in Which Nous, Too, is Contained” -- The Bodies -- The Souls -- Infinity in Space and Time -- One Cosmos or Many Cosmoi? -- The Ostensible Beginning in Time -- Anaxagoras and Posterity -- The Elements - Aristotelian and Otherwise -- Nous - Aristotelian and Otherwise -- Epilogue -- Index of Passages.
    Abstract: Philosophia facta est, Quae philologia fuit. "It is indeed disastrous that of those earlier philosophic masters so little has remained, and that we have been deprived of anything complete. Because of that loss, we unintentionally measure them in wrong proportions and allow ourselves to be influenced against them by the merely accidental fact that Plato and Aristotle have never been short of praisers and copyists. . . . Probably the grandest part of Greek thought, and of its expression in words, has got lost." Friedrich Nietzsche, who wrote these sentences in 1873,* is quite right (save that he takes for an accident what certainly was not one). Plato, our great Plato, is really but an imposing synthesis, the ad­ mirable architect of a grand building, practically none of the stones of which come from himself. And Aristotle, as far as his philosophy is concerned, is apparently little else but a Plato deprived of his poetical make-up, those ostensible differences notwithstanding which Aristotle himself is given to emphasizing. The truly great ones, the giants, the really original thinkers, the pure philosopher types, these are in the time before Plato. Again: Nietzsche is right.
    Description / Table of Contents: Three Different BiographiesTopic for an Historical Novel -- Time Is not Reversible -- The Constituents of the Universe -- The Elements and Their Moiras -- Nous, the Ruler Element and Construction Engineer -- Cosmogony -- The Primordial Condition -- First Means of Cosmopoeia: Differentiation -- Second Means of Cosmopoeia: Rotation -- Differentiation and Rotation Acting Together -- Third Means of Cosmopoeia: Dismemberment of the Axis -- “There are Some in Which Nous, Too, is Contained” -- The Bodies -- The Souls -- Infinity in Space and Time -- One Cosmos or Many Cosmoi? -- The Ostensible Beginning in Time -- Anaxagoras and Posterity -- The Elements - Aristotelian and Otherwise -- Nous - Aristotelian and Otherwise -- Epilogue -- Index of Passages.
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  • 76
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401024846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ontology ; Aesthetics. ; Arts.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- II: Beauty -- The Objectivity of Beauty -- The Relation of Art to Beauty -- The Work of Fine Art as Transcendental -- III: Signs -- Fine Art and Representation -- Maritain’s Theory of the Sign -- IV: Poetic Intuition -- Intuitive Knowledge in General -- Poetic Knowledge in General -- What It Is That Is Grasped By Poetic Intuition -- The Termination of Poetic Intuition in a Work Made -- V: Conclusion — Maritain and some Contemporary Views.
    Abstract: I. Since the appearance in 1902 of Benedetto Croce's L'estetica come scienza dell' espressione e linguistica generale, the problem of the ontology of the work of art or aesthetic object - what kind of thing it is and what its mode of being is - has come to occupy a central place in the philosophy of art. Moreover, a particular conception of the identity of art objects is at present a driving force in some quarters of the art world itself. As Harold Rosenberg so well points out, Minimalist or Reductive Art has attempted, sometimes quite self-consciously, to establish the autonomous physical reality of the work of art by empty­ ing it of all expressive and representational content. ! What is the ontological problem? One rather crude way of stating it is to ask where the work of art or object of aesthetic contemplation 2 exists. Is it, to pick some examples, to be identified with the material product of the artist's labors which exists spatially "outside of" and independently of artist and beholder? Or does it exist only "in the mind" of the beholder or the artist? Is it either one perception of a beholder or a series of his perceptions? Or is it the class of all percep­ tions of either all spectators or all "qualified" spectators? Put another way, it would be a question of whether and to what such purported names as 'Beethoven's Fifth Symphony' refer.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: IntroductionII: Beauty -- The Objectivity of Beauty -- The Relation of Art to Beauty -- The Work of Fine Art as Transcendental -- III: Signs -- Fine Art and Representation -- Maritain’s Theory of the Sign -- IV: Poetic Intuition -- Intuitive Knowledge in General -- Poetic Knowledge in General -- What It Is That Is Grasped By Poetic Intuition -- The Termination of Poetic Intuition in a Work Made -- V: Conclusion - Maritain and some Contemporary Views.
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  • 77
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401023955
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (213p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Anthropology ; Self. ; Philosophy of mind.
    Abstract: The Contemporary Anthropocentric World -- 1. A Dynamic Wortd -- 2. Man’s Supremacy in the technological World -- 3. Anthropocentric “stabilization” of Things -- 4. Things of the Technological World -- I. Godlessness -- 1. Some Traits of Mythical and Modern Man -- 2. The Anthropocentric Character of the Modern World -- 3. Technocracy -- 4. Godlessness and Philosophy -- 5. Godless Muta -- 6. Poetical Aspects of Culture -- 7. The Twilight of Gods -- 8. Godlessness and Things -- 9. Godless Confusion and Godly Ambiguity -- 10. The Youth of the Technocratic World -- II. The. Event of Culture -- 1. Philosophy and Things -- 2. Rational and Existential Things -- 3. Man and Animals -- 4. The Community -- 5. Culture’s Finitude -- III. Christianity -- 1. Christianity in General -- 2. Judaism -- 3. The Ecumenical Spirit -- 4. Prayer -- 5. Christianity and Culture -- 6. The Relativity of Christianity -- 7. Christianity’s Incarnation in Culture -- IV. Nature’s Play -- 1. Histocricity -- 2. Nature’s Play -- 3. Man in Nature’s Play -- 4. Animism -- 5. Individuality and Selfhood -- 6. Philosophical and Mythical Thinking -- 7. A Search for Gods.
    Abstract: Cultural twilight means cultural disintegration or death. It means cul­ tural agony. Such agony gradually fades into the dawn of tomorrow's culture, just as the twilight of a summer's evening proceeds into the daylight of the forthcoming day. Consequently cultural twilight or agony simul­ taneously is the dawn - the milieu of birth - of future gods. With these words a close interbelonging of the recently published SEARCH FOR GoDS with the present study, OUR CULTURAL AGONY, is stressed. Both of these books belong together and constitute one and the same "story". While SEARCH FOR GODS deals with man of tomorrow in his venture to find the way which would lead him to his dawning gods, OUR CULTURAL AGONY attempts to disclose contemporary man's ways of erring - his stray­ ing ways. Moreover, just as the way towards man's future gods is simul­ taneously his way to his true cultural self, so are his straying ways his ways of a lack of self. Man's way to his true self is his authentic, innermost, "bloody" or "ex-istential" way, while the way of his lack of self is his inauthentic way. The inauthentic ways, generally speaking, are "democratic" ways: they are the public and common ways of modem society, most typical or characteristic of it. Accordingly, while SEARCH FOR GODS has an indi­ vidualistic character, OUR CULTURAL AGONY has a social character.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Contemporary Anthropocentric World1. A Dynamic Wortd -- 2. Man’s Supremacy in the technological World -- 3. Anthropocentric “stabilization” of Things -- 4. Things of the Technological World -- I. Godlessness -- 1. Some Traits of Mythical and Modern Man -- 2. The Anthropocentric Character of the Modern World -- 3. Technocracy -- 4. Godlessness and Philosophy -- 5. Godless Muta -- 6. Poetical Aspects of Culture -- 7. The Twilight of Gods -- 8. Godlessness and Things -- 9. Godless Confusion and Godly Ambiguity -- 10. The Youth of the Technocratic World -- II. The. Event of Culture -- 1. Philosophy and Things -- 2. Rational and Existential Things -- 3. Man and Animals -- 4. The Community -- 5. Culture’s Finitude -- III. Christianity -- 1. Christianity in General -- 2. Judaism -- 3. The Ecumenical Spirit -- 4. Prayer -- 5. Christianity and Culture -- 6. The Relativity of Christianity -- 7. Christianity’s Incarnation in Culture -- IV. Nature’s Play -- 1. Histocricity -- 2. Nature’s Play -- 3. Man in Nature’s Play -- 4. Animism -- 5. Individuality and Selfhood -- 6. Philosophical and Mythical Thinking -- 7. A Search for Gods.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401024129
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics
    Abstract: I. The Condition-Governed Model -- Unity in Music: A Test Case -- Refutations and Rejoinders -- Monothematic Structure and the Condition-Governed Model -- Recapitulation -- II. Two Concepts of Taste -- Taste and Non-Taste -- An Ability to Notice or See or Tell -- De Gustibus -- Recapitulation -- III. Are Aesthetic Terms Ungovernable -- Aesthetic and Nonaesthetic -- Aesthetic Terms and Aesthetic Discourse -- Aesthetic Terms and Novel Objects -- Aesthetic Terms and Taste -- Recapitulation -- IV. Are Things Always What They Seem? -- Further Reflections on the Behavior of Aesthetic Terms -- The Doctrine of Aesthetic Vision -- Animadversions on the “Doctrine” -- Recapitulation -- V. Duck-Rabbit and Other Perplexities -- Aspects or Qualities -- Aspect-Perceiving and Aesthetic Perceiving -- The Logic of Aspect-Ascribing -- Recapitulation -- VI. Art and Objectivity -- Two Footnotes to Plato -- Aesthetic Terms and Aesthetic Qualities -- Aesthetic Terms and Aesthetic Disagreements -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: As the title of this book was meant to suggest, its subject is the way we talk about (and write about) works of art: or, rather, one of the ways, namely, the way we describe works of art for critical purposes. Be­ cause I wished to restrict my subject matter in this way, I have made a sharp, and no doubt largely artificial distinction between describing and evaluating. And I must, at the outset, guard against a misreading of this distinction to which I have left myself open. In distinguishing between evaluative and descriptive aesthetic judgments, I am not saying that when I assert "X is p," where p is a "descriptive" term like "unified," or "delicate," or "garish," I may not at the same time be evaluating X too; and I am not saying that when I make the obviously "evaluative" assertion "X is good," I may not be describing X. Clearly, if I say "X is unified" I am evaluating X in that unity is a good-making feature of works of art; and as it is correct in English at least to call an evaluation a description, I do not want to suggest that if an assertion is evaluative, it cannot be de­ scriptive (although there have been many philosophers who have thought this indeed to be the case).
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Condition-Governed ModelUnity in Music: A Test Case -- Refutations and Rejoinders -- Monothematic Structure and the Condition-Governed Model -- Recapitulation -- II. Two Concepts of Taste -- Taste and Non-Taste -- An Ability to Notice or See or Tell -- De Gustibus -- Recapitulation -- III. Are Aesthetic Terms Ungovernable -- Aesthetic and Nonaesthetic -- Aesthetic Terms and Aesthetic Discourse -- Aesthetic Terms and Novel Objects -- Aesthetic Terms and Taste -- Recapitulation -- IV. Are Things Always What They Seem? -- Further Reflections on the Behavior of Aesthetic Terms -- The Doctrine of Aesthetic Vision -- Animadversions on the “Doctrine” -- Recapitulation -- V. Duck-Rabbit and Other Perplexities -- Aspects or Qualities -- Aspect-Perceiving and Aesthetic Perceiving -- The Logic of Aspect-Ascribing -- Recapitulation -- VI. Art and Objectivity -- Two Footnotes to Plato -- Aesthetic Terms and Aesthetic Qualities -- Aesthetic Terms and Aesthetic Disagreements -- Conclusion.
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  • 79
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401024228
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (97p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. American Philosophy in the Recent Past -- II. Dewey and the Ethics of Naturalism -- III. Cohen’s Rationalistic Naturalism -- IV. Singer’s Philosophy of Experimentalism -- V. Hocking and the Dilemmas of Modernity -- VI. Blanshard’s Rationalistic Idealism -- VII. The Philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead -- VIII. Sheldon’s Synthetic Metaphysics.
    Abstract: The essays in this book analyze significant perspectives of the recent past in American philosophy; they represent some of the major trends of this period. Alfred North Whitehead is included with the recent American philosophers since his major philosophic ideas were fully developed in this country. There has been no attempt to deal comprehensively with this period. Several philosophers of equal importance who also deserve attention-C. l. Lewis, A. O. Love­ joy, W. F. Montague, R. B. Perry, F. J. E. Woodbridge, and others­ have not been discussed. Most of the essays were published at various times in various journals. Though all of the perspectives are presented with sympathetic understanding, they are also critically evaluated. 2 AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY OF THE RECENT PAST But even more than individual philosophers and schools of philos­ ophy the larger background of contemporary American life has nour­ ished the empirical spirit. Science as the most pervasive climate of our intellectual and practical activity has enhanced the empirical attitude. The great development, in this country, of business and technological industry has encouraged the pragmatic, empirical outlook. Empiricism, however, is an ambiguous term, and its different meanings have different philosophic consequences. For some it means that only concrete personal experience can be accepted as reality; for others it means the succession of sense-impressions. The more recent usage, the one that has been dominant in American philosophy, identifies empiricism with objectively and socially verifiable pronounce­ ments, that is, with experimentalism, or confirmation through demon­ strable evidence.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. American Philosophy in the Recent PastII. Dewey and the Ethics of Naturalism -- III. Cohen’s Rationalistic Naturalism -- IV. Singer’s Philosophy of Experimentalism -- V. Hocking and the Dilemmas of Modernity -- VI. Blanshard’s Rationalistic Idealism -- VII. The Philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead -- VIII. Sheldon’s Synthetic Metaphysics.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789401024433
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (229p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: General Problems in Nietzsche Interpretation -- Special Problems in Jaspers’ Nietzsche Interpretation -- Special Problems in Heidegger’s Nietzsche Interpretation -- An Alternative Interpretation: A Fundamental Dualism -- I. Nietzsche as a Man and as a Philosopher -- The Relevance of Nietzsche’s Life to His Thought -- Nietzsche’s Extremism and Honesty: A Theory of Communication -- Nietzsche: Poet, Philosopher, Psychologist or Social Critic -- Summary -- II. Nietzsche’s Metaphysics and Epistemology -- Being and Becoming -- The Will to Power -- Nietzsche’s Doctrine of Truth -- Eternal Recurrence -- Transvaluation and Nihilism -- Some Concluding Remarks -- III. Nietzsche’s Philosophical Anthropology -- Nietzsche’s Theory of Man and the Will to Power -- The Death of God and Nihilism -- The Superman -- Nietzsche’s Ethics and the Transvaluation of All Values -- Eternal Recurrence, Truth and Truths -- Nietzsche’s Anthropocentrism -- Some Concluding Remarks -- IV. an Evaluation of Heidegger’s and Jaspers’ Interpretations -- How Jaspers Reads His Own Philosophy into Nietzsche’s -- How Heidegger Reads His Own Philosophy into Nietzsche’s -- Parallels-Nietzsche and Jaspers: An Expanded View -- Parallels-Nietzsche and Heidegger: An Expanded View -- Doctrines versus Contradictions -- V. an Alternative Interpretation: a Funda- Mental Dualism in Nietzsche’s Thought -- Nietzsche’s Metaphysics and Epistemology -- Nietzsche’s Philosophical Anthropology -- The Question of Telos -- Some Concluding Remarks -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: GENERAL PROBLEMS IN NIETZSCHE INTERPRETATION Every philosopher presents special problems of interpretation. With Nietzsche these problems are especially crucial. The very richness of Nietzsche's thought and expression becomes a trap for the incautious or imaginative mind. Perhaps the greatest temptation for the in­ terpreter of Nietzsche is to attempt to "systematize" his thought into a consistent whole. Any such attempt necessarily results in distortion, for there is a fluidity in Nietzsche's thought which does not lend itself to strict categorization. This is not to deny that there are certain organic patterns in his philosophy. These patterns emerge, however, as Jaspers correctly insists, only upon careful, critical comparison of pertinent passages drawn from the entire corpus of Nietzsche's works. No single passage can be taken as a definitive statement of Nietzsche's views of any particular subject. Frequently, by presenting two or three especially relevant quotations from the author being considered, the correctness of his interpretation. With Nietz­ a critic can support sche, however, such a procedure is inadequate, for in many cases other passages can be found which will support an alternative, if not oppo­ site, interpretation. Nor is this difficulty alleviated by vast compi­ lations of relevant passages, for then one could gain just as much, and quite likely more, from re-reading Nietzsche's works themselves.
    Description / Table of Contents: General Problems in Nietzsche InterpretationSpecial Problems in Jaspers’ Nietzsche Interpretation -- Special Problems in Heidegger’s Nietzsche Interpretation -- An Alternative Interpretation: A Fundamental Dualism -- I. Nietzsche as a Man and as a Philosopher -- The Relevance of Nietzsche’s Life to His Thought -- Nietzsche’s Extremism and Honesty: A Theory of Communication -- Nietzsche: Poet, Philosopher, Psychologist or Social Critic -- Summary -- II. Nietzsche’s Metaphysics and Epistemology -- Being and Becoming -- The Will to Power -- Nietzsche’s Doctrine of Truth -- Eternal Recurrence -- Transvaluation and Nihilism -- Some Concluding Remarks -- III. Nietzsche’s Philosophical Anthropology -- Nietzsche’s Theory of Man and the Will to Power -- The Death of God and Nihilism -- The Superman -- Nietzsche’s Ethics and the Transvaluation of All Values -- Eternal Recurrence, Truth and Truths -- Nietzsche’s Anthropocentrism -- Some Concluding Remarks -- IV. an Evaluation of Heidegger’s and Jaspers’ Interpretations -- How Jaspers Reads His Own Philosophy into Nietzsche’s -- How Heidegger Reads His Own Philosophy into Nietzsche’s -- Parallels-Nietzsche and Jaspers: An Expanded View -- Parallels-Nietzsche and Heidegger: An Expanded View -- Doctrines versus Contradictions -- V. an Alternative Interpretation: a Funda- Mental Dualism in Nietzsche’s Thought -- Nietzsche’s Metaphysics and Epistemology -- Nietzsche’s Philosophical Anthropology -- The Question of Telos -- Some Concluding Remarks -- Index of Names.
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  • 81
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401024204
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (223p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: Contemporary Directions -- The Spirit of Contemporary American Philosophy -- Sankara’s Epistemology: A New Direction for the West? -- Explanation and Behavior -- Accounting for the Failure of Behaviorism -- Ritual: A Whiteheadian Interpretation -- Explanation and Language -- Berkeley and Religious Language -- Emmanuel Levinas’ Philosophy of Language -- The Physical-Taint Objection -- Explanation and Philosophical Systems -- The Certainty of the Cogito and the Existence of God -- Reconciliation of Freedom and Nature in Kant’s Third Critique -- Explanation and Religion -- Existential Interpretation and the Problem of God in the Theology of Fritz Buri.
    Abstract: This volume initiates a series of American University Publications in Phi· losophy. It is expected that, as occasion permits, volumes will be added to the series, contributing to the dialogue that is contemporary philosophy. The essays in this volume were written by the faculty in philosophy at The American University during the academic year 1970·71 and appear here for the first time. In a variety of modes the essays cluster around epistemological problems collateral with theories of explanation. In view of recent attention to such theories, this volume explores several new directions in the explanation of behavior, language, and religion. We are especially appreciative of the secretarial assistance of Mrs. Madaline Shoemaker, whose magic turned many an unreadable manuscript into an intelligible essay. We are also grateful to Miss Maria Wilhelm for the final typing of the volume, and to the Office of the Dean for Graduate Studies, The American University, for encouragement and for a financial grant toward typing expenses. Barry L. Blose Harold A. Durfee David F. T. Rodier Editorial Committee T ABLE OF CONTENTS Preface v CONTEMPORARY DIRECTIONS THE SPIRIT OF CoNTEMPORARY AMERICAN PHILosoPHY, Roger T.
    Description / Table of Contents: Contemporary DirectionsThe Spirit of Contemporary American Philosophy -- Sankara’s Epistemology: A New Direction for the West? -- Explanation and Behavior -- Accounting for the Failure of Behaviorism -- Ritual: A Whiteheadian Interpretation -- Explanation and Language -- Berkeley and Religious Language -- Emmanuel Levinas’ Philosophy of Language -- The Physical-Taint Objection -- Explanation and Philosophical Systems -- The Certainty of the Cogito and the Existence of God -- Reconciliation of Freedom and Nature in Kant’s Third Critique -- Explanation and Religion -- Existential Interpretation and the Problem of God in the Theology of Fritz Buri.
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  • 82
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401507073
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236p) , online resource
    Edition: Second revised edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: One / The Principle of Meaning -- 1 The Critique of Metaphysics -- 2 The Limit of Human Knowledge -- 3 The Principle of the Priority of Impressions to Ideas -- 4 The Application of the Principle -- 5 Meaning and Complex Ideas -- 6 Summary of the Chapter -- Two / Evaluation of Hume’s Principle -- 1 Introduction -- 2 On the Relation of Impressions and Ideas. -- 3 On the Relation of Words and Impressions -- 4 The Difficulty with the Recurrence of Impressions -- 5 The Difficulty with the Privacy of Impressions.. -- 6 The Difficulty of Establishing Meaning by Looking for the Origin of Ideas -- Three / The Principle of Ana ytici -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Statement of the Principle -- 3 An Analysis of Hume’s Principle -- 4 Hume’s Explanation of Logical Concepts. -- 5 Hume’s View of Logic -- 6 Summary of the Chapter -- Four / Statement of the Problem -- 1 Historical Setting -- 2 The Empiricists’ Dilemma -- 3 A Brief Comparison -- 4 The Main Issue -- Five / The Domain of Deductive Reason -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Knowledge and Its Objects -- 3 The Science of Arithmetic -- 4 The Science of Geometry -- 5 Is Knowledge Attainable? -- 6 Conclusion of the Chapter -- Six / The Domain of Inductive Reason -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Foundation of Empirical Knowledge -- 3 The Problem of Induction -- 4 Matters of Fact -- 5 Evaluation of Hume’s Problem of Induction. -- Seven / Summary and Conclusion.
    Abstract: David Hume is the most influential precursor of modern empiri­ cism. By modern empiricism, I intend a belief that all cognitive conflicts can be resolved, in principle, by either appeal to matters off act, via scientific procedure, or by appeal to some sets of natural or conventional standards, whether linguistic, mathematical, aes­ thetic or political. This belief itself is a consequent of an old appre­ hension that all synthetic knowledge is based on experience, and that the rest can be reduced to a set of self-evident truths. In this broad sense, Modern Empiricism encompasses classes, such as Logi­ cal Empiricism, Logical Atomism and Philosophical Analysis, and unique individuals such as Russell and Moore. It excludes, thereby, the present day continental philosophies, such as Thomism, Exist­ entialism, and Dialectical Materialism. Modem empiricists, to be sure, are influenced by many other phi­ losophers. Locke, Berkeley, and Mill, among the classical empiri­ cists, and Leibniz and Kant, among the rationalists (the former especially on the logico-mathematical side) in one way or other are responsible for the appearance of empiricism in its new form. But none of them were as influential as Hume. This, by itself is not news. Weinberg, in his well-known book, An Examination of Logical Positivism, observes that: Many, if not all, of the principal doctrines of contemporary positivism derive from Hume.
    Description / Table of Contents: One / The Principle of Meaning1 The Critique of Metaphysics -- 2 The Limit of Human Knowledge -- 3 The Principle of the Priority of Impressions to Ideas -- 4 The Application of the Principle -- 5 Meaning and Complex Ideas -- 6 Summary of the Chapter -- Two / Evaluation of Hume’s Principle -- 1 Introduction -- 2 On the Relation of Impressions and Ideas. -- 3 On the Relation of Words and Impressions -- 4 The Difficulty with the Recurrence of Impressions -- 5 The Difficulty with the Privacy of Impressions. -- 6 The Difficulty of Establishing Meaning by Looking for the Origin of Ideas -- Three / The Principle of Ana ytici -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Statement of the Principle -- 3 An Analysis of Hume’s Principle -- 4 Hume’s Explanation of Logical Concepts. -- 5 Hume’s View of Logic -- 6 Summary of the Chapter -- Four / Statement of the Problem -- 1 Historical Setting -- 2 The Empiricists’ Dilemma -- 3 A Brief Comparison -- 4 The Main Issue -- Five / The Domain of Deductive Reason -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Knowledge and Its Objects -- 3 The Science of Arithmetic -- 4 The Science of Geometry -- 5 Is Knowledge Attainable? -- 6 Conclusion of the Chapter -- Six / The Domain of Inductive Reason -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Foundation of Empirical Knowledge -- 3 The Problem of Induction -- 4 Matters of Fact -- 5 Evaluation of Hume’s Problem of Induction. -- Seven / Summary and Conclusion.
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  • 83
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401024501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Prologue -- I. Philosophy and Language -- II Travelling across the Landscape -- Reminders -- II. The Landscape -- III. The Sketch -- IV. The Remark -- V. ‘You’ and ‘I’ -- VI. Grammar -- VII. Natural History -- VIII. Therapy -- III Reflecting on the Album -- IX. Logic and Language -- X. Understanding Philosophical Investigations -- XI. The African Doctor -- IV Epilogue -- XII. Reflections on the Philosophy of Language.
    Abstract: One of the first things to strike the reader of Wittgenstein's writings is the unique power of his style. One immediately notices the intriguing and arrangement of the paragraphs in Philosophical Investi­ composition gations, or the stark assertiveness of the sentences in the Tractatus Logico­ Philosophicus. A sense of the singular style being employed is unavoidable, even before the reader understands anything of what is happening philos­ ophically. Perhaps precisely for this reason it is too often assumed that coming to understand either work has little or nothing to do with re­ sponding to its form. The unusual style is a mere curiousity decorating the vehicle of Wittgenstein's ideas. Form is assigned a purely incidental import, there is a coincidence of this or that rhetorical flair with the yet to be determined content of the thoughts. The remarkableness of the style is perhaps registered in a tidy obiter dictum standing beside the more arduous task of discovering the substance of the ideas being presented. our interest, or at Wittgenstein's peculiar way of writing ably captures least our attention, but it bears only minor philosophical import. Though not unprecedented as a form of philosophical composition, it does not conform to the currently acceptable conventions; hence Wittgenstein's style is often thought to stand in the way of understanding his meaning. Such assumptions can be harmless for certain types of writing; however it does not appear as though Wittgenstein's is one of these.
    Description / Table of Contents: I PrologueI. Philosophy and Language -- II Travelling across the Landscape -- Reminders -- II. The Landscape -- III. The Sketch -- IV. The Remark -- V. ‘You’ and ‘I’ -- VI. Grammar -- VII. Natural History -- VIII. Therapy -- III Reflecting on the Album -- IX. Logic and Language -- X. Understanding Philosophical Investigations -- XI. The African Doctor -- IV Epilogue -- XII. Reflections on the Philosophy of Language.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9781461586722
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The International Cryogenics Monograph Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I The Superconducting State of Materials and Methods of Estimating It -- The Phenomenon of Superconductivity -- Empirical Rules -- Methods of Measuring the Critical Superconducting Characteristics of Metals and Alloys -- Low-Temperature Technique -- Metallography of Superconducting Alloys -- Literature Cited -- II Superconducting Elements -- Properties of Superconducting Elements -- Effect of Deformation and Interstitial Impurities on the Superconducting Properties of the Elements -- Literature Cited -- III Superconducting Compounds -- Compounds with the Cr3Si Structure -- Interstitial Phases and Certain Other Compounds of Metals with Nonmetals -- Sigma and Laves Phases and Similar Compounds -- Superconducting Compounds with Other Types of Structures -- Effect of Alloying Elements and Impurities on the Structure and Properties of Compounds -- Effect of Heat Treatment and Other Factors on the Superconducting Characteristics of Compounds -- Literature Cited -- IV Physicochemical Analysis of Superconducting Systems -- Binary Superconducting Systems -- Ternary and More Complex Superconducting Systems -- Literature Cited -- V Production of Superconducting Materials -- Effect of Composition, Deformation, and Heat Treatment on the Critical Current of Superconducting Alloys -- Technology of the Production of Superconducting Alloys -- Properties and Production Technology of Parts Made from Superconducting Compounds -- Literature Cited -- VI Applications -- Superconducting Magnets -- Computing Technology -- Electronics and Measuring Technology -- Nuclear Power and Space -- Electrical Machines -- Conclusion -- Literature Cited.
    Abstract: With the increased interest in superconductivity applications through­ out the world and the necessity of obtaining a firmer understanding of the basic concepts of superconductivity, the editors of the In­ ternational Cryogenics Monograph series are extremely grateful for the opportunity to add Superconducting Materials to this series. This comprehensive review and summary of superconducting ma­ terials was originally prepared by the Russian authors in 1969 and has been specifically updated for this series. It is the most thorough review of the literature on this subject that has been made to date. Since advances in the development and use of new superconducting materials are largely associated with the general state and level in the development of the physical theory of superconductivity, the physical chemistry of metals, metallography, metal physics, tech­ nical physics, and manufacturing techniques, it is hoped that this monograph will provide the stimulus for further advances in all aspects of this exciting field. The editors express their appreciation to the authors, the translators, and Plenum Publishing Corporation for their assistance and continued interest in making this worthy addition to the series possible.
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  • 85
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Grammar, Comparative and general ; Logic ; History ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: One The Nature of Logic -- of Part One -- I. Signs and Language -- II. Concerning the formal -- III. Logic and grammar -- IV. Logic and Psychology -- Two On the Grammar of Words, Sentences, and Combinations of Sentences -- of Part Two -- I. General remarks -- II. Kinds of Words -- III. Kinds of Sentence -- IV. Combinations of Sentences.
    Abstract: This book is the first English version of Prolegomena zu einer kritischen Grammatik, published by Julius Springer, Vienna, 1935, as Volume 10 of the Vienna Circle's series Schriften zur wissenschaftlichen Weltauffassung. The prefatory remarks of both editor and author acknowledge the influence ofWittgenstein in a general way. However, in aim and approach, the work differs from Wittgenstein's Philosophische Grammatik (l969). This is indeed based on material going back to 1932, some of which Schachter must have known. On the other hand, the present Prolegomena not only explains the general, philosophical principles to be followed, but in the light of these proceeds to cover the entire range of conventional grammar, showing where that is uncritical. Whether Wittgenstein in his turn knew of Schachter's work has never been explored. Schachter's object is universal grammar. As is natural, the examples in the original are largely drawn from German grammar, with occasional minor excursions into other languages. For English readers, what matters are the general problems of grammar: there is no point in tying these to the linguistic peculiarities of German, let alone a local variety of it. One who can grasp German at that level might as well read the original. The translation is therefore twofold: the text as a whole has been rendered into English, and the entire apparatus of examples has been replaced, as far as this can be done, by illustrations from English grammar, chosen so as to bring out the same kinds of problem as in the original.
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