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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    When Do Enterprises Prefer Informal Credit? (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Safavian, Mehnaz When Do Enterprises Prefer Informal Credit?
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bribes ; Capital Requirements ; Commercial Banks ; Creditors ; External Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Formal Finance ; Formal Financial Sector ; Informal Credit ; Informal Finance ; Working Capital ; Access to Finance ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bribes ; Capital Requirements ; Commercial Banks ; Creditors ; External Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Formal Finance ; Formal Financial Sector ; Informal Credit ; Informal Finance ; Working Capital ; Access to Finance ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bribes ; Capital Requirements ; Commercial Banks ; Creditors ; External Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Formal Finance ; Formal Financial Sector ; Informal Credit ; Informal Finance ; Working Capital
    Abstract: This paper tests the hypothesis that enterprises may forgo formal finance in lieu of informal credit by choice. They do so to avoid the additional regulatory scrutiny and harassment that engaging with the formal financial sector invites. We test this hypothesis using enterprise-level data on 3,564 enterprises in 29 countries. In this sample, enterprises finance approximately 57 percent of their working capital requirements with external finance. This external finance comes from formal sources, such as commercial banks (53 percent) and informal sources (42 percent), such as trade creditors, or family and friends. In our sample, 14 percent of enterprises rely exclusively on informal finance. We find that the likelihood of enterprises preferring to only use informal finance is inversely related to the quality of the regulatory environment, particularly the quality of tax administration and overall governance. For example, we find that when an enterprise has been asked for bribes by tax inspectors, it is 17 percent more likely to prefer informal finance
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are Pakistan's women entrepreneurs being served by the microfinance sector? (2013)
    Washington, D. C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821398333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332
    Keywords: Businesswomen ; Microfinance ; Small business Finance ; Women-owned business enterprises Finance ; Businesswomen ; Microfinance ; Small business Finance ; Women-owned business enterprises Finance ; Businesswomen ; Microfinance ; Small business ; Women-owned business enterprises
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionFindings from focus group discussions -- Do women benefit from an enabling policy environment for microfinance? -- Conclusion and recommendations for stakeholders.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9833-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reforming collateral laws to expand access to finance (2006)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821364901 , 082136491X , 9780821364901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 104 p) , col. ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Keywords: Law reform ; Security (Law) ; Security (Law) Economic aspects ; Security (Law) ; Law reform ; Security (Law)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
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    Online Resource
    The impact of interest rate caps on the financial sector : evidence from commercial banks in Kenya (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice & Development Research Group
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8393
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Safavian, Mehnaz The Impact of Interest Rate Caps on the Financial Sector: Evidence from Commercial Banks in Kenya
    Keywords: 2016 ; Bank ; Zinsderivat ; Kenia ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Interest rate caps can have far-reaching consequences on the composition and maturity of commercial bank loans and deposits. This paper carefully documents these impacts on the formal financial sector in Kenya after the recent interest rate caps of 2016. Using bank-level panel data from before and after the caps, the paper identifies a significant decline in aggregate lending, an increase in nonperforming loans, and a change in composition of lending away from small and medium enterprises and toward safer corporate clients. Banks also shifted away from offering interest on current account deposits to preserve their interest margins. These quantitative findings are supported by qualitative evidence through detailed interviews of commercial bank executives, and have important implications for economic growth and financial inclusion
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8393
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    When do creditor rights work? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Sharma, Siddharth When do creditor rights work?
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Bank loans ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Contract enforcement ; Creditor ; Creditor Rights ; Creditors ; Debt Markets ; Finance Corporation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial markets ; Legal protections ; Legal systems ; Public Disclosure ; Access to Finance ; Bank loans ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Contract enforcement ; Creditor ; Creditor Rights ; Creditors ; Debt Markets ; Finance Corporation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial markets ; Legal protections ; Legal systems ; Public Disclosure ; Access to Finance ; Bank loans ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Contract enforcement ; Creditor ; Creditor Rights ; Creditors ; Debt Markets ; Finance Corporation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial markets ; Legal protections ; Legal systems ; Public Disclosure
    Abstract: Creditor-friendly laws are generally associated with more credit to the private sector and deeper financial markets. But laws mean little if they are not upheld in the courts. The authors hypothesize that the effectiveness of creditor rights is strongly linked to the efficiency of contract enforcement. This hypothesis is tested using firm level data on 27 European countries in 2002 and 2005. The analysis finds that firms have more access to bank credit in countries with better creditor rights, but the association between creditor rights and bank credit is much weaker in countries with inefficient courts. Exploiting the panel dimension of the data and the fact that creditor rights change over time, the authors show that the effect of a change in creditor rights on change in bank credit increases with court enforcement. In particular, a unit increase in the creditor rights index will increase the share of bank loans in firm investment by 27 percent in a country at the 10th percentile of the enforcement time distribution (Lithuania). However, the increase will be only 7 percent in a country at the 80th percentile of this distribution (Kyrgyzstan). Legal protections of creditors and efficient courts are strong complements
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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