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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pathways to Reduce Household Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: Bangladesh allocates a much smaller share of the government budget to health than countries of similar income level. Reallocation is politically challenging but could offer the biggest potential source of fiscal space for health, larger than the space that economic growth can bring. How those additional resources are used, is also important to improve financial protection. Improving the readiness of the public health care network to provide quality care, particularly at primary health care level, could reduce the use of alternative providers, thereby reducing the need for OOP payments. Ensuring the functionality of community clinics, union level facilities, and upazila health complexes, including a revision of their opening hours would also contribute towards this goal. Ensuring access to pharmaceutical products, particularly for essential NCD-related drugs, at affordable prices could also contribute to a reduction in households OOP payments. In addition to these supply-side interventions, the government could consider demand-side programs where resources follow the patient. For instance, given the large needs and the little resources available, an important pathway to reduce OOP payments while decreasing inequalities would be better targeting public subsidies to the poor and vulnerable. Finally, improving public financial management, policies, and governance will also contribute to the effective use of existing and any additional resources for health
    DOI: 10.1596/35658
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climate Afflictions (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank | Washington, D.C. : The World Bank Group
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 pages)
    Series Statement: International Development in Focus
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 304.25
    Keywords: Climate and Health ; Climate Change ; Climate Variability ; Dengue ; Household Data ; Infectious Diseases ; Mental Health ; Seasonal Illness ; Seasonality ; Urban Challenges ; Urban Rural Migration
    Abstract: Bangladesh's vulnerability to the effects of climate change is well documented; the evidence on the direct relationship between climate change and health focusing on Bangladesh is less so. Global evidence suggests intensification of climate change will increase incidences and variations of infectious diseases. Climate Afflictions contributes to filling this important knowledge gap. It includes a systematic review of existing literature on the relationship between climate change and health, distinguishing between climate change and variability. It establishes the relationship between climate variability and infectious diseases and mental health using household-level data. It also documents changes in climate patterns in Bangladesh over the past 44 years using monthly meteorological data. Overall, the report finds a strong relationship between infectious diseases, mental health, and climate variability. Based on analyses of primary data, it concludes that the prevalence of vector-borne diseases is higher during the monsoon than dry seasons, while the opposite is true for waterborne illnesses. Meanwhile, rising humidity and mean temperature are positively associated with respiratory illnesses. In terms of mental health conditions, while temperature is negatively correlated to depression, anxiety among individuals is likely to increase with temperature and humidity. Irrespective of the season, morbidity and mental health issues are highest in densely populated urban hubs such as Dhaka and Chattogram compared to other areas. The mean temperature in Bangladesh has increased by 0.5 degree C between 1976 and 2019. Overall, summers are becoming hotter and longer, the monsoon season is extending, and winters are becoming warmer. Consequently, Bangladesh is on the path to (...)
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9
    URL: Inhaltsbeschreibung der Sammlung und Zugangshinweise
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    HeBIS
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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