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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  International handbook on migration and economic development (2014), Seite 186-210 | year:2014 | pages:186-210
    ISBN: 1782548068
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: International handbook on migration and economic development
    Publ. der Quelle: Cheltenham [u.a.] : Edward Elgar, 2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2014), Seite 186-210
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:186-210
    Keywords: Saisonarbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Asiatisch-pazifischer Raum ; Neuseeland ; Aufsatz im Buch
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Washington, DC : World Bank, Development Economics, Off. of the Senior Vice President and Chief Economist
    Language: English
    Pages: 22, [9] S. , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4021
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Keywords: Internationale Migration ; Jugendliche ; Altersgruppe ; Geschlecht ; Welt ; Migranten ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Online-Publikation ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Entwicklungsländer ; Jugend ; Auswanderung
    Note: Internetausg.: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2006/10/04/000016406_20061004092834/Rendered/PDF/wps4021.pdf
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Development Research Group, Finance and Private Sector Development Team
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8339
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bloom, Nicholas Do Management Interventions Last? Evidence from India
    Keywords: Weberei ; Management ; Organisatorischer Wandel ; Produktivität ; Indien ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Beginning in 2008, the authors conducted a randomized controlled trial that changed management practices in a set of Indian weaving firms (Bloom and others 2013). In 2017 the plants were revisited and the authors found three main results. First, while about half of the management practices adopted in the original experimental plants had been dropped, there was still a large and significant gap in practices between the treatment and control plants. Likewise, there remained a significant performance gap between treatment and control plants, suggesting lasting impacts of effective management interventions. Second, while few management practices had demonstrably spread across the firms in the study, many had spread within firms, from the experimental plants to the non-experimental plants, suggesting limited spillovers between firms but large spillovers within firms. Third, managerial turnover and the lack of director time were two of the most cited reasons for the drop in management practices in experimental plants, highlighting the importance of key employees
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8799
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als De Mel, Suresh Micro-Equity for Microenterprises
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Many microenterprises in developing countries have high returns to capital, but also face risky revenue streams. In principle, equity offers several advantages over debt when financing investments of this nature, but the use of equity in practice has been largely limited to investments in much larger firms. The authors develop a model contract to make self-liquidating, quasi-equity investments in microenterprises. This contract has three key parameters that can be used to shift risk between the entrepreneur and the investor, resulting in a continuum of contracts ranging from a debt-like contract that shifts little risk from the entrepreneur to a pure revenue-sharing contract in which the investor absorbs much more of the risk. The paper discusses implementation choices, and then provides lessons from a proof-of-concept carried out by an investment partner, KGC Equity, which made nine investments averaging USD 3,800 in Sri Lankan microenterprises. This pilot demonstrates that this new contract structure can work in practice, but also highlights the difficulties of micro-equity investments in an environment with weak contract enforcement
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8977
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iacovone, Leonardo Shortening Supply Chains: Experimental Evidence from Fruit and Vegetable Vendors in Bogota
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Small trading activities are a prevalent form of self-employment in developing countries, but their integration into supply value chains is not efficient, especially when it comes to perishable produce. This study tests a novel approach to improve their efficiency by reducing the time and cost of sourcing produce by aggregating purchases through the use of an app and centralized distribution system. Fruit and vegetable vendors in Bogota currently travel most days to a central market to purchase produce, incurring substantial time and monetary costs. A social enterprise attempted to shorten the supply chain between farmers and vendors by aggregating orders from many small stores, sourcing directly from farmers, and delivering them to the stores. The introduction of this new service was randomized at the market block level. Initial interest was high and offering the service reduced travel time for users by almost two hours a week, reduced travel costs, and increased work-life balance for store owners. Firms offered the service saved an average of 6 to 8 percent on purchase costs, and although some of this passed through into lower prices for consumers, there was incomplete pass-through, so that markups rose. However, stores reduced their sales of products that were not originally offered by this new service, and their total sales and profits appear to have fallen in the short run, with service usage falling over time. The results highlight the potential for new technologies to solve firm coordination problems, offer a window into the nature of competition among small retailers, and point to the challenges in achieving economies of scale when disrupting centralized markets for multi-product firms
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9408
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als McKenzie, David Small Business Training to Improve Management Practices in Developing Countries: Reassessing the Evidence for "Training Doesn't Work"
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Despite the popularity of business training among policy makers, the use of business training has faced increasing skepticism. This is, in part, fueled by the fact that most of the first wave of randomized experiments in developing countries could not detect statistically significant impacts of training on firms' profits or sales. This paper revisits and reassesses the evidence for whether small business training works, incorporating the results of more recent studies. A meta-analysis of these estimates suggests that training increases profits and sales on average by 5 to 10 percent. The author argues that this is in line with what is optimistic to expect given the relatively short length of most training programs, and the expected return on investment from the cost of such training. However, impacts of this magnitude are too small for most experiments to detect statistically. Emerging evidence is provided on five approaches for improving the effectiveness of traditional training by incorporating gender, kaizen methods, localization and mentoring, heuristics, and psychology. Training programs that incorporate these elements appear to deliver improvements over traditional training programs on average, although with considerable variation. Given that training delivers some benefits for firms, the challenge is then how to deliver a quality program on a cost-effective basis at a much larger scale. Three possible approaches to scaling up training are discussed:using the market, using technology, or targeting and funneling firms
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9252
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Asanov, Igor Remote-Learning, Time-Use, and Mental Health of Ecuadorian High-School Students during the COVID-19 Quarantine
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has closed schools around the world, forcing school systems and students to quickly attempt remote learning. A rapid response phone survey of over 1,500 high school students aged 14 to 18 in Ecuador was conducted to learn how students spend their time during the period of quarantine, examine their access to remote learning, and measure their mental health status. The data show that 59 percent of students have both an internet connection at home and a computer or tablet, 74 percent are engaging in some online or telelearning, and 86 percent have done some schoolwork on the last weekday. Detailed time-use data show most students have established similar daily routines around education, although gender and wealth differences emerge in time spent working and on household tasks. Closure of schools and social isolation are the two main problems students say they face, and while the majority are mostly happy, 16 percent have mental health scores that indicate depression
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group & Africa Gender Innovation Lab
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9415
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Maffioli, Alessandro Estimating the Demand for Business Training: Evidence from Jamaica
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Business training programs are typically offered for free. Charging for training provides potential benefits including financial sustainability, but little is known about how price affects the demand for training. This study conducted two experiments in Jamaica using the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism and take-it-or-leave-it offers to estimate the demand for training. Most entrepreneurs have a positive willingness to pay for training, but demand falls sharply as price increases: in the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak experiment, 76 percent of the entrepreneurs attend training when it is free, but only 43 percent attend when they are charged one-quarter of the cost, and only 11 percent when charged the full cost. Providing a credit option did not increase willingness to pay. Higher prices screen out poorer, older, and more risk-averse business owners, and those who expect to benefit less from training and have a low value of sales. However, charging a higher price increases attendance among those who pay, suggesting a psychological effect where paying for training makes firms value it more
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Africa Region & Development Research Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8601
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Campos, Francisco How Should the Government Bring Small Firms into the Formal System? Experimental Evidence from Malawi
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Developing country governments seek to reduce the pervasive informality of firms for multiple reasons: increasing the tax base, helping firms access formal markets and grow, increasing the rule of law, and as a means to obtain data that can be used for other government functions. However, there is debate as to the best approach for achieving these goals. This study conducted a randomized experiment in Malawi to test three alternatives: (a) assisting firms to obtain a business registration certificate that offers access to formal markets but imposes no tax obligations; (b) assisting firms to obtain business registration and tax registration; and (c) supplementing the assistance to obtain business registration with a bank information session intended to help firms utilize one of the key potential benefits of formalizing. The study finds incredibly high demand for obtaining a formal status that is separate from tax obligations, and very low take-up of tax registration. Business registration alone has no impact on access to formal markets or firm performance. However, coupling registration assistance with the bank information session increases the use of formal financial services, and results in increases in firm sales by 20 percent and profits by 15 percent. The results highlight the advantages of separating business and tax registration, but also the need to assist firms in benefiting from their new formal status
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8541
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cusolito, Ana Paula Can Government Intervention Make Firms More Investment-Ready? A Randomized Experiment in the Western Balkans
    Keywords: Gründungsförderung ; Investitionspolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Unternehmensgründung ; Private Equity ; Risikokapital ; Südosteuropa ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Many innovative start-ups and small and medium-size enterprises have good ideas, but do not have these ideas fine-tuned to the stage where they can attract outside funding. Investment readiness programs attempt to help firms to become ready to attract and accept outside equity funding through a combination of training, mentoring, master classes, and networking. This study conducted a five-country randomized experiment in the Western Balkans that worked with 346 firms and delivered an investment readiness program to half of the firms, with the control group receiving an inexpensive online program instead. A pitch event was then held for these firms to pitch their ideas to independent judges. The investment readiness program resulted in a 0.3 standard deviation increase in the investment readiness score, with this increase occurring throughout the distribution. Two follow-up surveys show that the judges' scores predicted investment readiness and investment outcomes over the subsequent two years. Treated firms attained significantly more media attention and were 5 percentage points more likely to have made a deal with an outside investor, although this increase is not statistically significant (95 confidence interval of -4.7 to +14.7 percentage points)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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