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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Is informality good for business? : the impacts of IDP inflows on formal firms (2019)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9035
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rozo, Sandra Is Informality Good for Business? The Impacts of IDP Inflows on Formal Firms
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines the effects of large inflows of internally displaced persons (IDP), who are primarily absorbed by the informal sector, on the behavior of formal manufacturing firms in Colombia. To identify causal effects, the analysis employs annual, firm-level panel data between 1995 and 2010 and exploits that when conflict intensifies, forcefully displaced individuals tend to migrate to municipalities where people from their origin locations settled earlier. The paper finds that large inflows of IDP induce sizable, negative effects on the intensive and extensive margins of production of formal firms. These effects are stronger for firms operating in sectors that face a stronger competition from the informal economy
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9035
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Effects of Enforcement on Illegal Markets : Evidence from a Quasi-experiment in Colombia (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mejia, Daniel On the Effects of Enforcement on Illegal Markets: Evidence from a Quasi-experiment in Colombia
    Abstract: This paper studies the effects of enforcement on illegal behavior in the context of a large aerial spraying program designed to curb coca cultivation in Colombia. In 2006, the Colombian government pledged not to spray a 10 km band around the frontier with Ecuador due to diplomatic frictions arising from the possibly negative collateral effects of this policy on the Ecuadorian side of the border. This variation is used to estimate the effect of spraying on coca cultivation by regression discontinuity around the 10 km threshold and by conditional differences in differences. The results suggest that spraying one additional hectare reduces coca cultivation by 0.022 to 0.03 hectares; these effects are too small to make aerial spraying a cost-effective policy for reducing cocaine production in Colombia
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7409
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Unintended Consequences of Deportations : Evidence from Firm Behavior in El Salvador (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Bandiera, Antonella The Unintended Consequences of Deportations: Evidence from Firm Behavior in El Salvador
    Abstract: Can repatriation inflows impact firm behavior in origin countries? This paper examines this question in the context of repatriation inflows from the United States and Mexico to El Salvador. The paper combines a rich longitudinal data set covering all formal firms in El Salvador with individual-level data on all registered repatriations from 2010 to 2017. The empirical strategy combines variation in the municipality of birth of individuals repatriated over 1995-2002'before a significant change in deportation policies'with annual variation in aggregate inflows of repatriations to El Salvador. The findings show that repatriations have large negative effects on the average wages of formal workers. This is mainly driven by formal firms in sectors that face more intense competition from the informal sector, which deportees are more likely to join. Repatriation inflows also reduce total employment among formal firms in those sectors. Given that most deportees spend less than a month abroad, these findings suggest that the experience of being detained and deported can have strong negative effects not only on the deportees, but also on their receiving communities
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9521
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Empowering Migrants : Impacts of a Migrant's Amnesty on Crime Reports (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Ibanez, Ana Maria Empowering Migrants: Impacts of a Migrant's Amnesty on Crime Reports
    Keywords: Amnesty ; Crime ; Crime and Society ; Domestic Violence ; Empowerment ; International Economics and Trade ; International Migration ; Migration ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Cohesion ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Undocumented Immigrant
    Abstract: This paper studies whether undocumented immigrants change their crime-reporting behavior after receiving a regular migratory status. It exploits a natural experiment of a massive amnesty program that gave a regular migratory status to over 281,000 undocumented Venezuelan immigrants in Colombia. The findings suggest that following the amnesty there is an increase in reporting of crimes by Venezuelan immigrants, not explained by an increase in crime overall. The results are particularly strong for reports of domestic violence and sex crimes. Results are almost entirely driven by reports by female Venezuelan immigrants, a vulnerable population, suggesting that empowerment is an important mechanism driving the behavior change
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9833
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In Someone Else's Shoes : Promoting Prosocial Behavior Through Perspective Taking (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Rodriguez Chatruc, Marisol In Someone Else's Shoes: Promoting Prosocial Behavior Through Perspective Taking
    Keywords: Altruism ; Inequality ; Migration ; Nationalities and Ethnic Groups ; Perspective Thinking ; Poverty Reduction ; Prejudice ; Social Development ; Trust
    Abstract: Can taking the perspective of an out-group reduce prejudice and promote prosociality Building on insights from social psychology, this paper studies the case of Colombian natives and Venezuelan immigrants. This was done by conducting an online experiment in which natives were randomly assigned either to play an online game that immersed them in the life of a Venezuelan migrant or to watch a documentary about Venezuelans crossing the border on foot. Relative to a control group, both treatments increased altruism towards Venezuelans and improved some attitudes, but only the game significantly increased self-reported trust
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9866
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Discrimination toward Migrants during Crises (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Chatruc, Marisol Rodriguez Discrimination toward Migrants during Crises
    Keywords: Altruism ; Attitudes ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Discrimination ; Facebook Survey Respondents ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Inequality ; Involuntary Resettlement Law ; Law and Development ; Mental Plasticity ; Migration ; Poverty Reduction ; Respondent Priming ; Social Analysis ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement ; Young Adult Discrimination of Migrants
    Abstract: How do crises shape native attitudes towards migrants A common threat could pro-duce an empathy channel among natives, but the perception of competition for scarce economic resources could just as easily spark prejudice through a resentment channel. 3,400 Colombian citizens were surveyed and randomly primed to consider the economic consequences of COVID-19 before eliciting their attitudes towards Venezuelan migrants. The findings suggest that native attitudes towards migrants are substantially more suggestive of the resentment channel in the treatment group. However, respondents in the so-called impressionable years-ages 18 to 25-showed more altruism towards migrants after priming. Interestingly, both effects disappear in response to positive news
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10091
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Rebel Governance and Development : The Persistent Effects of Guerrillas in El Salvador (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (101 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bandiera, Antonella Rebel Governance and Development: The Persistent Effects of Guerrillas in El Salvador
    Keywords: Armed Conflict ; Armed Non-State Actors ; Child Soldier ; Conflict and Development ; De Facto Governments ; Economic Development ; Forced Child Recruitment ; Governance ; Guerrilla Violence ; Internal Migration ; Politics and Government ; Relocation and Conflict ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Violence
    Abstract: How does territorial control by non-state actors affect long-term development This paper investigates the economic, social, and political consequences of temporary territorial control by guerrillas during the Salvadoran Civil War. During this period, the guerrillas displaced state authorities and promoted the creation of self-governing institutions that were highly representative of local values and openly distrusted the state and elites. Using a spatial regression discontinuity design, the paper shows that areas once under guerrilla control have experienced worse economic outcomes about 30 years after the guerrillas first controlled them, relative to adjacent areas that were then controlled by the formal state. The results suggest that informal community institutions in guerrilla-controlled areas led to enduring land fragmentation and disengagement with the government. The paper argues that when non-state actors develop governance institutions as an alternative to the state, this can lead to negative development effects through lasting norms of distrust of out-groups
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10222
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Right to Education : Forced Migration and Child Education Outcomes (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Vargas, Juan F Right to Education: Forced Migration and Child Education Outcomes
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Education ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Migration
    Abstract: About a third of the 7.7 million Venezuelans who have left their country due to political and economic turmoil have settled in neighboring Colombia. The extent to which the Colombian schooling system can absorb the massive demand for education of Venezuelan children is key for their future trajectory of human capital accumulation, as well as that of Colombian students in receiving communities. This paper estimates the effect of Venezuelan migration on educational outcomes of children living in settlement municipalities in Colombia, distinguish between the effect of the migration shock on native and migrant students. Specifically, it estimates the effect of the migration shock on school enrollment, dropout/promotion rates and standardized test scores. The identification relies on a plausibly exogenous measure of the predicted migration shock faced by each Colombian municipality every year. The findings show that the migration shock increased the enrollment of Venezuelan students in both public and private schools and in all school grades, but also generated negative spillovers related to failing promotion rates and increasing dropout. This paper documents that these negative effects are explained by the differential enrollment capacity of schools, as well as by the deterioration of key school inputs
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10720
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Least Protected, Most Affected : Impacts of Migration Regularization Programs on Pandemic Resilience (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Urbina, Maria Jose Least Protected, Most Affected: Impacts of Migration Regularization Programs on Pandemic Resilience
    Keywords: Amnesties ; COVID 19 Impact ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Forced Migration ; Health Policy and Management ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Poverty Reduction ; Refugee Pandemic Outcomes ; Refugee Resilience ; Regularization of Migrants
    Abstract: How can regularization programs improve forced migrants' resilience to shocks This paper leverages panel data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic to assess whether Venezuelan forced migrants who were eligible for a regularization program in Colombia were more resilient and less affected by the pandemic than similar but non-eligible forced migrants. The results indicate that access to the program promoted better health access for eligible migrants, facilitating adherence to prevention guidelines and increasing detection rates. Additionally, eligible migrants had better housing and labor conditions, relative to non-eligible migrants
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10291
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Electoral Consequences of Easing the Integration of Forced Migrants (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rozo, Sandra V The Electoral Consequences of Easing the Integration of Forced Migrants
    Keywords: Amnesty ; Attitudes About Refugees ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Electoral Outcome ; Governance ; Migrant Inflows and Politics ; Migrant Integration ; Political Backlash ; Refugees ; Social Development
    Abstract: How does easing the economic integration of forced migrants affect native voting behaviors in the Global South? This paper assesses how the regularization of half a million Venezuelan forced migrants affected the electoral choices of Colombian natives by comparing election results in municipalities with higher and lower take-up rates for a program that supports forced migrants. The findings show negligible impacts on native voting behavior. The study then conducted a survey experiment to investigate the lack of voter response. Even after receiving information about the pro-gram, Colombian voters showed no changes in voting intentions or prosocial views toward migrants. This suggests that their indifference did not stem from a lack of awareness about the program
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10342
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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