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  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (5)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lessons for Hospital Autonomy : Implementation in Vietnam from International Experience (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Government of Vietnam sees hospital autonomy policy as important and consistent with current development trends in Vietnam. It is based on government policies as laid out in government Decree on financial autonomy of revenue-generating public service entities; and to 2006, it is replaced by decree on professional, organizational, human resource management and financial autonomy of revenue-generating and state budget-financed public service entities. These policies apply to public service entities in all sectors, including the health sector and hospitals. This policy is an important element of public administration reform in Vietnam, helping service entities survive and develop under the socialist-oriented market mechanism. It aims to help hospitals in fulfilling assigned professional tasks by allowing them to restructure their organization and staffing. The government has also allowed public service entities to mobilize private capital and joint ventures to organize activities and services responding to social and people's needs. This study will show that since the implementation of decrees, a number of improvements have been demonstrated within hospitals with respect to physical facilities, service provision, medical techniques, service quality and staff incomes, thus creating stability and satisfaction among hospital workers. But it also describes the international evidence that implementation of hospital autonomy comes with a risk of unintended outcomes driven by powerful financial incentives from the market place to increase revenue. These include supply induced demand, cost escalation, inappropriate care. There are some indications that such risks may be emerging in Vietnam as well, although these would need further research. Fortunately, there is also international evidence about policies that can mitigate such risks, and these are also described in this report. This report will inspire further studies and encourage policymakers to think about continuous improvement of policies
    DOI: 10.1596/27800
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating the Evidence for Historical Interventions Having Reduced HIV Incidence : A Retrospective Programmatic Mapping Modelling Analysis - Synopsis Report 2016 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This multi-country study focuses on evaluating whether ART scale-up and changes in sexual risk behavior have contributed to the declining trends of HIV incidence and prevalence. The World Bank, UNAIDS, UNFPA, WHO, the Global Fund, and Imperial College London agreed upon specific criteria used to identify Botswana, Dominican Republic, Kenya, Malawi and Zambia as the five countries engaged in this study. Within Botswana, there was strong evidence that showed that ART and changes in sexual risk behavior had an impact of averting 210,000 infections in urban areas as 120,000 infections in rural areas (1975-2012). This discrepancy between urban and rural area results was thought to be due to geographical heterogeneity in HIV epidemiology or lack of power in available data. The changes in sexual risk behavior had a comparatively larger impact on the epidemic than ART, averting approximately 460,000 cumulative infections between 1982 and 2015. ART alone was found to be insufficient to explain the observed trend (approx. 44,000 FSW infections averted, 33,000 Bataeyes, and 28,000 amongst MSM). Results from Kenya showed that again that changes in sexual risk behavior, and to a much lesser extent ART, had averted approximately 4,107,000 infections between 1980-2015. An important takeaway from these results was that ART had marginal impact on prevalence trends but that it has yet to be fully optimized
    DOI: 10.1596/25763
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tracking SDG 7 : The Energy Progress Report 2020 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Sustainable Energy for All
    Abstract: Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report provides the international community with a global dashboard to register progress on the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7): ensuring universal energy access, doubling progress on energy efficiency, substantially increasing the share of renewable energy, and enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean and renewable energy by 2030. It assesses the progress made by each country on these targets and provides a snapshot of how far we are from achieving SDG7. The report is a joint effort of the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO), which the United Nations (UN) has named as global custodian agencies, responsible for collecting and reporting on country-by-country energy indicators for reporting on SDG7. The report updates progress with the latest available data up to 2018 for energy access, and 2017 for clean energy. The 2020 release is the sixth edition of this report, which was formerly known as the Global Tracking Framework (GTF)
    DOI: 10.1596/33822
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tracking Universal Health Coverage : 2021 Global Monitoring Report (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Insurance ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population
    Abstract: CONFERENCE EDITION. Healt ...
    DOI: 10.1596/36724
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Monitoring Report on Financial Protection in Health 2021 (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Public Finance
    Abstract: Financial protection is an intrinsic part of universal health coverage (UHC) and, together with service coverage, is one of the health systems' goals. Financial protection is achieved when: there are no financial barrier to access; and direct payments required to obtain health services (outof-pocket health spending) are not a source of financial hardship. A full account of financial hardship requires monitoring of impoverishing health expenditures, including any amount spent on health out-of-pocket by the poor, in addition to large out-of-pocket health spending. Out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending is an inefficient and inequitable way of financing health and should be reduced as much as possible in favour of pre-payment mechanisms. When it contributes to health financing, it should not be borne disproportionately by the poor and not at all by the poorest. Since 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank have been reporting progress on reducing financial hardship at the global level using two main indicators: i) the incidence of catastrophic health spending, defined as the population with large OOP spending in relation to household consumption or income (Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 3.8.2 with 'large' defined using two thresholds 10% and 25%); and ii) recognizing that even lower thresholds of OOP health spending in consumption or income can lead to financial hardship, the proportion of the population impoverished by OOP health spending. This report goes one step further, to include a focus on the poor spending any amount on health OOP. Those payments matter: they represent a major challenge to "End poverty in all its forms everywhere" (SDG 1) arising from OOP health spending by the poorest. Tracking all OOP health spending is critical to monitoring financial hardship across the whole population, in line with the pledge to leave no one behind that is at the heart of the SDGs
    DOI: 10.1596/36723
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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