ISBN:
9780691153643
Language:
English
Pages:
Online-Ressource (309 p)
Parallel Title:
Print version Nature, Human Nature, and Human Difference : Race in Early Modern Philosophy
DDC:
305.8001
Keywords:
Ethnicity -- Philosophy
;
Evolution (Biology)
;
Philosophy of nature
;
Race -- Philosophy
;
Science -- Philosophy
;
Electronic books
;
Electronic books
Abstract:
People have always been xenophobic, but an explicit philosophical and scientific view of human racial difference only began to emerge during the modern period. Why and how did this happen? Surveying a range of philosophical and natural-scientific texts, dating from the Spanish Renaissance to the German Enlightenment, Nature, Human Nature, and Human Difference charts the evolution of the modern concept of race and shows that natural philosophy, particularly efforts to taxonomize and to order nature, played a crucial role. Smith demonstrates how the denial of moral equality between Europeans a
Description / Table of Contents:
Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Acknowledgments; A Note on Citations and Terminology; INTRODUCTION; I.1 Nature; I.2 Historical Ontology; I.3 The History of Science and the History of Philosophy; I.4 Aims and Outline; CHAPTER 1: CURIOUS KINKS; 1.1 Essence; 1.2 Race and Cognition; 1.3 Race without a Theory of Essences; or, Liberal Racism; 1.4 Constructionism and Eliminativism; 1.5 Natural Construction; 1.6 Conclusion; CHAPTER 2: TOWARD A HISTORICAL ONTOLOGY OF RACE; 2.1 False Positives in the History of Race; 2.2 "Erst Spruce, Now Rusty and Squalid"; 2.3 Race and Dualism; 2.4 Conclusion
Description / Table of Contents:
CHAPTER 3: NEW WORLDS3.1 "I Had to Laugh Vehemently at Aristotle's Meteorological Philosophy"; 3.2 America and the Limits of Philosophy; 3.3 Native Knowledge; 3.4 Conclusion; CHAPTER 4: THE SPECTER OF POLYGENESIS; 4.1 Libertinism and Naturalism from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century; 4.2 Pre-Adamism; 4.3 Diffusionist Models; 4.4 Conclusion; CHAPTER 5: DIVERSITY AS DEGENERATION; 5.1 The "History of Abused Nature"; 5.2 Diet and Custom; 5.3 Hybridism and the Threat of Ape-Human Kinship; 5.4 Conclusion; CHAPTER 6: FROM LINEAGE TO BIOGEOGRAPHY; 6.1 Race, Species, Breed
Description / Table of Contents:
6.2 François Bernier's Racial Geography6.3 A Gassendian Natural Philosopher in the Court of the Grand Moghul; 6.4 Bernier and Leibniz; 6.5 Conclusion; CHAPTER 7: LEIBNIZ ON HUMAN EQUALITY AND HUMAN DOMINATION; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Chains: Leibniz on the Series Generationum; 7.3 Chains, Continued: Leibniz on Slavery; 7.4 The Science of Singular Things; 7.5 Mapping the Diversity of the Russian Empire; 7.6 Conclusion: Diversity without Race; CHAPTER 8: ANTON WILHELM AMO; 8.1 "The Natural Genius of Africa"; 8.2 Amo's Legacy; 8.3 The Impassivity of the Human Mind
Description / Table of Contents:
8.4 Conclusion: From Philippi to KantCHAPTER 9: RACE AND ITS DISCONTENTS IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 The Significance of Skin Color; 9.3 Kant: From Non Sequitur to Critique?; 9.4 J. G. Herder: The Expectation of Brotherhood; 9.5 J. F. Blumenbach: Variety without Plurality; CONCLUSION; Biographical Notes; Bibliography; Index
Note:
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