Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • 1980-1984  (116)
  • Science Philosophy
Materialart
Sprache
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Serie: Beck'sche schwarze Reihe ...
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Knowledge, theory of ; Science Philosophy ; Einführung ; Wissenschaftstheorie
    Anmerkung: Rückent.: Seiffert: Wissenschaftstheorie
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 2
    Buch
    Buch
    München [u.a.] :Fink [u.a.],
    ISBN: 3-506-72281-6
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 150 S.
    Serie: Ethik der Wissenschaften 1
    Serie: Ethik der Wissenschaften
    DDC: 501
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Sciences - Aspect moral ; Sciences - Philosophie ; Ethik ; Naturwissenschaft ; Philosophie ; Science Moral and ethical aspects ; Science Philosophy ; Wissenschaftsethik. ; Verantwortungsbewusstsein. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wissenschaftsethik ; Verantwortungsbewusstsein
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475791914
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 375 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Psychoanalysis ; Difference (Psychology). ; Personality. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1 -- Sociobiology: Toward a Theory of Individual and Group Differences in Personality and Social Behavior -- Sociobiology and Differential Psychology: The Arduous Climb from Plausibility to Proof -- Sociobiology, Personality, and Genetic Similarity Detection -- Interaction between Biological and Cultural Factors in Human Social Behavior -- Group Differences, Genetic Similarity, and the Importance of Personality Traits: Reply to Commentators -- 2 -- Psychoanalysis as a Scientific Theory -- The Biological Origins of Psychological Phenomena -- Structure, Function, and Meaning -- The Heuristic Value of Freud -- Psychoanalysis as a Scientific Theory: Reply to Commentators -- 3 -- The Nature and Challenge of Teleological Psychological Theory -- Teleology Is Secondary to Theoretical Understanding in the Moral Realm -- On Reasons and Causes -- Ours Is to Reason Why -- Precedents and Professors—The Struggle Over Common Ground: Reply to Commentators -- 4 -- The Hypotheses Quotient: A Quantitative Estimation of the Testability of a Theory -- Logic and Psycho-logic of Science -- Sound Theories and Theory Soundings -- ... But Discretion Were the Better Part of Valor -- The Hypotheses Quotient: Reply to Commentators -- 5 -- What Is Necessarily True in Psychology? -- What Is Remarkable in Psychology? -- On the Limitations of Commonsense Psychology -- It Ain’t Necessarily So -- Psychology Cannot Take Leave of Common Sense: Reply to Commentators -- 6 -- Interactionism and the Person × Situation Debate: A Theoretical Perspective -- Theoretical Divergences in the Person-Situation Debate: An Alternative Perspective -- Persons, Situations, Interactions, and the Future of Personality -- Interactionism and Achievement Theory -- Interactionism and Control Theory -- Objectives and Questions in Personality Research: Reply to Commentators -- Author Index.
    Kurzfassung: As such things happen, several manuscripts in the present volume were under review prior to the ones that appeared in Volume I of the Annals. A major difficulty encountered in the preparation of these volumes­ apart from working up to three years in advance of publication-is elic­ iting appropriate commentary. If this format is to succeed, the com­ mentary must be both engaging to the reader and satisfying to the author. It is not yet clear how successful we have been in this regard and, indeed, we do not feel bound to publish commentary with each manuscript that is accepted for publication. Nevertheless, we do invite readers' commentaries on published materials. The contributions by Jan Smedslund and Benjamin Wolman in this volume have been through an inordinately long publication lag. We have been in receipt of both manuscripts since early in 1981 and Dr. Smedslund, especially, has since clarified and advanced his views else­ where in print. K. B. Madsen and Joseph Rychlak submitted their man­ uscripts in the fall of 1981 while Michael Hyland and J. Philippe Rushton had first drafts of their manuscripts accepted for publication in the fall of 1982. We are grateful to our contributors for their expressed com­ mitment to the Annals and assure potential contributors that the delay in publication is a mere matter of getting the series off the ground.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 4
    Buch
    Buch
    München :Minerva-Publ.,
    ISBN: 3-597-10493-2
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: XII, 282 S.
    Serie: Minerva-Fachserie Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften
    Dissertationsvermerk: Zugl.: Bielefeld, Univ., Diss., 1983/1984
    DDC: 500
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Gesellschaft ; Naturwissenschaft ; Philosophie ; Science indicators ; Science Philosophy ; Science Social aspects ; Wissenschaft. ; Wert. ; Evaluation. ; Wissenschaftstheorie. ; Wissenschaftssoziologie. ; Wissenschaftsbewertung. ; Hochschulschrift ; Wissenschaft ; Wert ; Evaluation ; Wissenschaft ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Wissenschaftssoziologie ; Wissenschaftsbewertung
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 5
    Buch
    Buch
    Oxford :Blackwell,
    ISBN: 0-631-13535-9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: IX, 250 S.
    Ausgabe: 1. publ.
    DDC: 121
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Realisme (filosofie) ; Waarheid ; Naturwissenschaft ; Philosophie ; Realism ; Science Philosophy ; Truth ; Erkenntnistheorie. ; Philosophie. ; Realismus. ; Wahrheit. ; Realismus ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Philosophie ; Realismus ; Wahrheit ; Realismus ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Realismus
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 6
    ISBN: 3-87838-950-7
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 239 S. : , Ill.
    Serie: Beiträge zum Studium fundamentale
    DDC: 501
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Steiner, Rudolf 〈1861-1925〉 ; Steiner, Rudolf ; Geschichte 1900-2000 ; Kennistheorie ; Wetenschapsfilosofie ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Geschichte ; Naturwissenschaft ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Knowledge, Theory of History 20th century ; Logic History ; Science Philosophy ; Erkenntnistheorie. ; Wissenschaftstheorie. ; 1861-1925 Steiner, Rudolf ; Erkenntnistheorie ; 1861-1925 Steiner, Rudolf ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; 1861-1925 Steiner, Rudolf ; Wissenschaftstheorie
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 7
    Buch
    Buch
    Baltimore, Md. u.a. :Johns Hopkins Univ. Press,
    ISBN: 0-8018-3112-1
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: X, 326 S.
    DDC: 100
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Geschiedschrijving ; Histoire - Philosophie ; Kennistheorie ; Methodologie ; Philosophie ; Sciences - Philosophie ; Sociale wetenschappen ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Geschichte ; Geschichtsschreibung ; Methode ; Naturwissenschaft ; Philosophie ; Sozialwissenschaften ; History Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Geschichtsphilosophie. ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie. ; Geschichtswissenschaft. ; Sozialwissenschaften. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Geschichtsphilosophie ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    Buch
    Buch
    Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel
    ISBN: 9027717168
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: VII, 145 S.
    Serie: Sociology of the sciences monographs
    DDC: 306.46
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Technology Philosophy ; Congresses ; Technological innovations Congresses ; Science Philosophy ; Congresses ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 1981
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 9
    ISBN: 9789400963153
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 573 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 18
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Kurzfassung: Aesthetic Enjoyment and Poetic Sense. Poetic Sense: The Irreducible in Literature -- Movement in German Poems -- Why be a Poet? -- The Field of Poetic Constitution -- The Poet in the Poem: A Phenomenological Analysis of Anne Sexton’s ‘Briar Rose (Sleeping Beauty)’ -- Nature, Feeling, and Disclosure in the Poetry of Wallace Stevens -- “Fallings from us, Vanishings ...”: Composition and the Structure of Loss -- Poetic Thinking to Be -- From Helikon to Aetna: The Precinct of Poetry in Hesiod, Empedokles, Hölderlin, and Arnold -- What Can the Poem Do Today? The Self-Evaluation of Western Poets after 1945 -- Poetry as Essential Graphs -- The Shield and the Horizon: Homeric Ekphrasis and History -- The Myth of Man in the Hebraic Epic -- On Medieval Interpretation and Mythology -- The Epic Element in Japanese Literature -- A Long Day’s Journey into Night: The Historicity of Human Existence Unfolding in Virginia Woolf’s Fiction -- The Existential Sources of Rhetoric: A Comparison Between Traditional Epic and Modern Narrative -- Metaphor and the Flux of Human Experience -- The Literary Diary as a Witness of Man’s Historicity: Heinrich Böll, Karl Krolow, Günter Grass, and Peter Handke -- The French Nouveau Roman: The Ultimate Expression of Impressionism -- The Birth of Tragedy out of the Spirit of Music: Claudel, Milhaud and the Oresteia -- Tragedy and the Completion of Freedom -- Hardy’s Jude: The Pursuit of the Ideal as Tragedy -- Values and German Tragedy 1770–1840 -- La Destinée de la tragédie dans la culture Islamique -- Toward a Theory of Contemporary Tragedy -- The Re-emergence of Tragedy in Late Medieval England: Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur -- Tragical, Comical, Historical -- The Denial of Tragedy: The Self-Reflexive Process of the Creative Activity and the French New Novel -- Tragic Closure and the Cornelian Wager -- Intuition in Britannicus -- Myth and Tragic Action in La Celestina and Romeo and Juliet -- Du désordre à l’ordre: le rôle de la violence dans Horace -- The Act of Writing as an Apprehension of the Enigma of Being-in-the-World -- The Truth of the Body: Merleau-Ponty on Perception, Language, and Literature -- Fiction and the Transposition of Presence -- The Structure of Allegory -- Literary Impressionism and Phenomenology: Affinities and Contrasts -- Phenomenology and Literary Impressionism: The Prismatic Sensibility -- Un modèle d’analyse dy texte dramatique -- The Problem of Reading, Phenomenologically or Otherwise -- Index of Names.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401576949
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 177 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 170
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Nature, Culture, and Persons -- 2. The Concept of Consciousness -- 3. Animal and Human Minds -- 4. Action and Causality -- 5. Puzzles about the Causal Explanation of Human Actions -- 6. Cognitivism and the Problem of Explaining Human Intelligence -- 7. Wittgenstein and Natural Languages: an Alternative to Rationalist and Empiricist Theories.
    Kurzfassung: viii choice and these include efforts to provide logical frameworks within which wecan make senseof these notions. This series will attempt to bring together work from allof these approaches to the history and philosophy of science and technology in the belief that each has something to add to our understanding. The volumes of this series have emerged either from lectures given by an author while serving as an honorary visiting professor at The City Collegeof New York or from a conference sponsored by that institution. The City College Program in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology oversees and directs these lectures and conferences with the financial aid of the Association for Philosophy ofScience, Psychotherapy, and Ethics. MARTIN TAMNY RAPHAEL STERN TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITO RS' PR EFACE vii PR EFACE xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii I. NATUR E, CULTUR E, AND PERSONS 2. THE CONCEPT OF CONSCIOUSNESS 20 3. ANIMAL AND HUMAN MINDS 42 4 . ACTION AND CAUSALITY 64 5. PUZZLES ABOUT TH E CAUSAL EXPLANATION OF HUMAN ACTIONS 83 6. COGNITIVISM AND THE PROBLEM OF EXPLAINING HUMAN INTELLIGENCE 101 7. WITTGENSTEIN AND NATURAL LANGUAGES : AN ALTERNATIV E TO RATIONALIST AND EMPIRICIST THEO RIE S 133 INDEX 163 PREFACE I have tried to make a fresh beginning on the theory of cultural phenomena, largely from the perspectives of Anglo-American analytic philosophy.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401576888
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 332 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 25
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 25
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: The Sociological Turn -- The Pseudo-Science of Science? -- The Strengths of the Strong Programme -- The Strong Program: A Dialogue -- Problems of Intelligibility and Paradigm Instances -- The Rational and the Social in the History of Science -- A Plague on Both Your Houses -- Two Historiographical Strategies: Ideas and Social Conditions in the History of Science -- The Role of Arational Factors in Interpretive History: The Case of Kant and ESP -- On the Sociology of Belief, Knowledge, and Science -- Scientific and Other Interests -- The Sociology of Reasons: Or Why “Epistemic Factors” are Really “Social Factors”.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401576864
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 308 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 23
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 23
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Music ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Defining the Problem Situation -- The Mathematical Approach -- The Experimental Approach -- The Mechanistic Approach -- Contacts and Criticisms -- An Example From the Second Generation -- Conclusions.
    Kurzfassung: The soul rejoices in perceiving harmonious sound; when the sound is not harmonious it is grieved. From these affects of the soul are derived the name of consonances for the harmonic proportions, and the name of dissonances for the unharmonic proportions. When to this is added the other harmonie proportion whieh consists of the longer or shorter duration of musical sound, then the soul stirs the body to jumping dance, the tongue to inspired speech, according to the same laws. The artisans accommodate to these harmonies the blows of their hammers, the soldiers their pace. As long as the harmonies endure, everything is alive; everything stiffens, when they are disturbed.! Thus the German astronomer, Johannes Kepler, evokes the power of music. Where does this power come from? What properties of music enable it to stir up emotions which may go far beyond just feeling generally pleased, and which may express themselves, for instance, in weeping; in laughing; in trembling over the whole body; in a marked acceleration of breathing and heartbeat; in participating in the rhythm with the head, the hands, the arms, and the feet? From the beginning of musical theory the answer to this question has been sought in two different directions.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401707398
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 160 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 174
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Although various sections of this work have been published separately in various journals and volumes their separate publication is wholly attributable to the exigencies of life in academia: the work was devised as and is supposed to constitute something of an organic unity. Part II of 'The Cow with the Subtile Nose' was published under the title 'A Creative Use of Language' in New Literary History (Autumn, 1972), pp. 108-18. 'The Cow on the Roof' appeared in The Journal oj Philosophy LXX, No. 19 (November 8, 1973), pp. 713-23. 'A Fine Forehand' appeared in the Journal oj the Philosophy oj Sport, Vol. 1 (September, 1974), pp. 92-109. 'Quote: Judgements from Our Brain' appeared in Perspectives on the Philosophy oj Wittgenstein, ed. by I. Block (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1981), pp. 201-211. 'Art and Sociobiology' appeared in Mind (1981), Vol. XC, pp. 505-520. 'Anything Viewed'appeared in Essays in Honour oj Jaakko Hintikka, ed. by Esa Saarinen, Risto Hilpinen, Illkka Niiniluoto and Merrill Provence Hintikka (Dordrecht, Holland and Boston, Massachusetts: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1979), pp. 285-293. 'How I See Philosophy' appeared in The Owl oj Minerva, ed. by C. J. Bontempo and S. Jack Odell (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1975), pp. 223-5. All the remaining parts are also forthcoming in various journals and volumes. I am grateful to Bradley E. Wilson for the preparation of the index.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401719780
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 272 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 177
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: 1. The Nature of Science -- 2. How is Philosophy Possible as a Science? -- 3. Notes on Popper as Follower of Whewell and Peirce -- 4. The Evolution of Knowledge -- 5. Scientific Progress -- 6. The Growth of Theories: Comments on the Structuralist Approach -- 7. Truthlikeness, Realism, and Progressive Theory-Change -- 8. The Growth of Knowledge in Mathematics -- 9. Realism, Worldmaking, and the Social Sciences -- 10. Finalization, Applied Science, and Science Policy -- 11. Paradigms and Problem-Solving in Operations Research -- 12. Remarks on Technological Progress -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: This collection brings together several essays which have been written between the years 197 5 and 1983. During that period I have been occupied with the attempt to find a satisfactory explicate for the notion of tnithlike­ ness or verisimilitude. The technical results of this search have partly appeared elsewhere, and I am also working on a systematic presentation of them in a companion volume to this book: Truthlikeness (forthcoming hopefully in 1985). The essays collected in this book are less formal and more philos­ ophical: they all explore various aspects of the idea that progress in science is associated with an increase in the truthlikeness of its results. Even though they do not exhaust the problem area of scientific change, together they constitute a step in the direction which I find most promising in the defence of critical scientific realism. * Chapter 1 appeared originally in Finnish as the opening article of a new journal Tiede 2000 (no. 1 I 1980) - a Finnish counterpart to journals such as Science and Scientific American. This explains its programmatic character. It tries to give a compact answer to the question 'What is science?', and serves therefore as an introduction to the problem area of the later chapters. Chapter 2 is a revised translation of my inaugural lecture for the chair of Theoretical Philosophy in the University of Helsinki on April 8, 1981. It appeared in Finnish inParnasso 31 (1981), pp.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 15
    ISBN: 9789400963313
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 84
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 84
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Scientific Realism and Incommensurability: Some Criticisms of Kuhn and Feyerabend -- How To Be a Good Philosopher of Science: A Plea for Empiricism in Matters Methodological [Commentary on Burian] -- Feedback, Selection, and Function: A Reductionistic Account of Goal-Orientation -- Philosophy of Science 2001 -- The Dethroning of the Philosophy of Science: Ideological and Technical Functions of the Metasciences -- Comments on Jost Halfmann’s ‘Dethroning of the Philosophy of Science: Ideological and Technical Functions of the Metasciences’ -- Philosophy of Science and the Origin of Life -- Sociobiology, Anti-Sociobiology, Epistemology, and Human Nature -- Substance and Its Logical Significance -- Tracking Down the Misplaced Concreton in the Neurosciences -- Does Popper’s Conventionalism Contradict his Critical Rationalism? Objections against Popper in German Philosophy and Some Metacritical Remarks -- How to Explore the History of Ancient Mathematics? -- Nature on Trial: The Case of the Rooster that Laid an Egg -- Reflections on ‘Nature on Trial’ -- Toward the Vindication of Friedrich Engels -- Bibliography of the Writings of Benjamin Nelson -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: This selection of papers that were presented (or nearly so!) to the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science during the seventies fairly re­ presents some of the most disturbing issues of scientific knowledge in these years. To the distant observer, it may seem that the defense of rational standards, objective reference, methodical self-correction, even the distin­ guishing of the foolish from the sensible and the truth-seeking from the ideological, has nearly collapsed. In fact, the defense may be seen to have shifted; the knowledge business came under scrutiny decades ago and, indeed, from the time of Francis Bacon and even far earlier, the practicality of the discovery of knowledge was either hailed or lamented. So the defense may be founded on the premise that science may yet be liberating. In that case, the analysis of philosophical issues expands to embrace issues of social interest and social function, of instrumentality and arbitrary perspective, of biological constraints (upon knowledge as well as upon the species-wide behavior of human beings in other relationships too), of distortions due to explanatory metaphors and imposed categories, and of radical comparisons among the perspectives of different civilizations. Some of our contributors are frankly programmatic, showing how problems must be formulated afresh, how evasions must be identified and omissions rectified, but they do not reach their own completion.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400965225
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (252p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 179
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical physics.
    Kurzfassung: I. Physical time and the problem of its structure -- I.1 Introduction -- I.2 The order structure of time -- I.3 The topological structure of time -- I.4 The metrical structure of time -- I.5 Conclusion -- Notes -- II. The geometrical nature of physical time: parameter time and coordinate time -- II.1 Introduction -- II.2 Parameter and coordinate -- II.3 Parameter and coordinate time in Newtonian physics -- II.4 Parameter and coordinate time in Einsteinian physics -- II.5 The geometrical nature of time in quantum mechanics -- II.6 Translation of the space and time into the spacetime formalism and vice versa -- II.7 The geometrical nature of time and dynamics -- II.8 Parameter versus coordinate time in the study of time; some philosophical issues -- Notes -- III. Time asymmetry -- III.1 Arrow of time: time asymmetry and time flow -- III.2 Time asymmetry -- III.3 (Ir)reversibility and the time reversal operator T* -- III.4 Time asymmetry and temporal orientability -- Notes -- IV. Thermodynamical time asymmetry and the second law of phenomenological thermodynamics -- IV. 1 Introduction -- IV. 2 The mechanical program -- IV. 3 The thermodynamical program -- IV. 4 Discussion -- Notes -- Epilogue -- Name index.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 17
    ISBN: 9789400963757
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (448p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 172
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Philosophical Analysis in Argentina -- I. Philosophical Analysis in Argentina -- Normative Knowledge and Truth -- Legal Principles and Legal Positivism -- Logic and the Hypothetical-Deductive Method -- The Limits of the Enforcement of Morality Through the Criminal Law -- On the Inconsistency of Meinong’s Ontology -- Meaning, Force and Explicit Performatives -- II. Philosophical Analysis in Mexico -- II. Philosophical Analysis in Mexico -- Existential Quantifiers and Guiding Principles in Physical Theories -- (Simple) Qualities and Resemblance -- Theory of Descriptions, Meaning and Presupposition -- Ethics and the Language of Morality -- The Private Language Argument -- III. Philosophical Analysis in Brazil -- III. Philosophical Analysis in Brazil -- Philosophy, Common Sense, and Science -- Decidability and Cognitive Significance in Carnap -- Natural Conjectures -- IV. Philosophical Analysis in Other Latin American Countries -- IV. Philosophical Analysis in Other Latin American Countries -- Popper’s Solution to the Problem of Induction -- On the Concept of Reason -- Appendix: Latin Americans Residing in the United States and Canada / Jorge J. E. Gracia -- Biographical Notes -- Index of Proper Names.
    Kurzfassung: Historians of Latin American philosophy have paid relatively little attention to the development of philosophical analysis in Latin America. There are two reasons for this neglect: First, they have been primarily concerned with the forma tive period of philosophical development, in particular with the so called "founders" of La ti n American philosophy. And second. philosophical analysis did not become a noticeable philosophical trend in Latin America until recent years. True. a nunber of Latin American philosophers took notice of Moore. Russell. the members of the Vienna Circle and other important figures in the analytic movement qui te early. But these were isolated instances that lacked the sustained effort and broad base indispensible to make a serious impact in the development of Latin American philosophy. That has changed now. There are not only good numbers of philosophers who work within the analytic tradition, but also some journals and institutes dedicated to the analytic mode of philosophizing. It is. therefore. most appropriate to publish a collection of articles which would introduce the reader of philosophy to the most representative analytic material produced so far in Latin America. Indeed. it is not only appropriate. but also necessary. since most of the published analytic literature to date is scattered in various journals, sometimes of difficult access. Moreover, not all that has been published is representative of the best already produced and of the potential that the movement has in Latin America.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962330
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 64
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 64
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Introductory Remarks to the Symposium on Hegel and the Sciences -- The Scholar, the Liberal Ideal, and the Philosophy of Science -- I. The Sciences -- Conceptual Analysis and Scientific Theory in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature (with Special Reference to Hegel’s Optics) -- A Comment on Buchdahl’s Paper -- The Chemical System of Substances, Forces and Processes in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature and the Science of His Time -- Hegel and the Celestial Mechanics of Newton and Einstein -- The Hegelian Treatment of Biology and Life -- More Comments on the Place of the Organic in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature -- Hegel and the Organic View of Nature -- Hegel’s Philosophical Understanding of Illness -- On Hegel’s Significance for the Social Sciences -- Hegel’s Conception of Psychology -- II. Philosophy and Methodology of Science -- The Dialectical Structure of Scientific Thinking -- Is the Progress of Science Dialectical? -- Some ‘Moments’ of Hegel’s Relation to the Sciences -- Hegel’s ‘Deduction of the Concept of Science’ -- Theory and Praxis and the Beginning of Science -- The First American Interpretation of Hegel in J. B. Stallo’s Philosophy of Science -- III. Dialectics and Logic -- Hegel’s Logic from a Logical Point of View -- The Dynamics of Hegelian Dialectics, and Non-Linearity in the Sciences -- Mathematical Dialectics, Scientific Logic and the Psychoanalysis of Thinking [Comment on Kosok and Gauthier] -- Comments on Kosok’s Interpretation of Hegel’s Logic -- Bibliographical Note -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: To the scientists and philosophers of our time, Hegel has been either a ne­ glected or a provocative thinker, a source of irrelevant dark metaphysics or of complex but insightful analysis. His influence upon the work of natural scientists has seemed minimal, in the main; and his stimulus to the nascent sciences of society and to psychology has seemed to be as often an obstacle as an encouragement. Nevertheless his philosophical analysis of knowledge and the knowing process, of concepts and their evolutionary formation, of rationality in its forms and histories, of the stages of empirical awareness and human practice, all set within his endless inquiries into cultural formations from the entire sweep of human experience, must, we believe, be confronted by anyone who wants to understand the scientific consciousness. Indeed, we may wish to situate the changing theories of nature, and of humankind in nature, within a philosophical account of men and women as social practi­ tioners and as sensing, thinking, feeling centers of privacy; and then we will see the work of Hegel as a major effort to mediate between the purest of epistemological investigations and the most practical of the political and the religious. This book, long delayed to our deep regret, derives from a Symposium on Hegel and the Sciences which was sponsored jointly by the Hegel Society of America and the Boston University Center for Philosophy and History of Science a decade ago.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 19
    ISBN: 9789400964549
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (453p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 175
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: May We Identify Reduction and Explanation of Theories ? -- Restriction and Embedding -- Anomalies of Reduction -- Ontological Reduction in the Natural Sciences -- Explanation of Theories and the Problem of Progress in Physics -- Reduction, Interpretation and Invariance -- Reduction and Evolution — Arguments and Examples -- Limiting Case Correspondence between Physical Theories -- Contact Structures, Predifferentiability and Approximation -- Tangent Embedding — A Special Kind of Approximate Reduction -- A Logical Investigation of the Phlogiston Case -- Utilistic Reduction in Sociology: The Case of Collective Goods -- Intertheory Relations in Growth Economics: Sraffa and Wicksell -- Possible Approaches to Reduction in Economic Theory -- Why Language ? -- On the Comparison of Classical and Special Relativistic Space-Time -- Space-Time Geometries for One-Dimensional Space -- Quantum Theory as a Factualization of Classical Theory -- Classical and Non Classical Limiting Cases of Quantum Logic -- Bell’s Inequalities and the Reduction of Statistical Theories -- Name Index.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 20
    ISBN: 9789400965256
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (408p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 27
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 27
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Reflections on Change -- I. Historical Dimensions -- The Mechanical Philosophy and Its Problems: Mechanical Explanations, Impenetrability, and Perpetual Motion -- Ghosts in the World Machine: A Taxonomy of Leibnizian Forces -- The Notion of Experimental Physics in Early Eighteenth-Century France -- Some Pragmatic Aspects of the Methodology of Johann Heinrich Lambert -- Classical Wage Theory and the Causal Complications of Explaining Distribution -- Genetic Epistemology in the Context of Evolutionary Epistemology -- II. Conceptual Considerations -- Truthlikeness, Realism, and Progressive Theory-Change -- In Praise of Cumulative Progress -- Kuhn’s Critique of Methodology -- Scientific Discovery and Theory-Confirmation -- Meaning, Acceptance, and Dialectics -- Extraterrestrial Science.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962620
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (384p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 17
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I Spontaneity Of Life, Individualization, Beingness -- Harmony in Becoming: The Spontaneity of Life and Self-Individualization -- Toward a More Comprehensive Concept of life -- Confucian Methodology and Understanding the Human Person -- Heidegger’s Quest for the Essence of Man -- A Comparative Study of Lao-tzu and Husserl: A Methodological Approach -- II Human Faculties of Life -- Mind and Consciousness in Chinese Philosophy: A Historical Survey -- Transcendental Consciousness in Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology -- Life-world and Reason in Husserl’s Philosophy of Life -- Consciousness and Body in the Phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty: Some Remarks Concerning Flesh, Vision, and World in the Late Philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty -- Language, Consciousness, and Mind in Neo-Confucian Philosophy: The Crossbow Pellet -- Conscience and Life: The Role of Freedom in Heidegger’s Conception of Conscience -- III Life, Morality and Inwardness -- A Reevaluation of Confucius -- Conscience, Morality and Creativity -- Confucian Moral Metaphysics and Heidegger’s Fundamental Ontology -- The Concept of Tao: A Hermeneutical Perspective -- Phenomenology in T’ien-t’ai and Hua-yen Buddhism -- Chinese Buddhism as an Existential Phenomenology -- A Critical Reflection on the Methods of Phenomenology, Hermeneutics, and the Idea of Contextualization in Religious and Theological Studies -- IV The Locus of Art In Life -- The Tenets of Roman Ingarden’s Aesthetics in a Philosophical Perspective -- The Literary Work and Its Concretization in Roman Ingarden’s Aesthetics -- The Writer as Shaman -- A Glimpse of the Fundamental Nature of Japanese Art -- A Phenomenological Perspective of Theodore Roethke’s Poetry -- Virginia Woolf’s Theory of Reception -- The Aesthetic Interpretation of life in The Tale of Genji -- Index Of Names.
    Kurzfassung: To introduce this collection of research studies, which stem from the pro­ grams conducted by The World Phenomenology Institute, we need say a few words about our aims and work. This will bring to light the significance of the present volume. The phenomenological philosophy is an unprejudiced study of experience in its entire range: experience being understood as yielding objects. Experi­ ence, moreover, is approached in a specific way, such a way that it legitima­ tizes itself naturally in immediate evidence. As such it offers a unique ground for philosophical inquiry. Its basic condition, however, is to legitimize its validity. In this way it allows a dialogue to unfold among various philosophies of different methodologies and persuasions, so that their basic assumptions and conceptions may be investigated in an objective fashion. That is, instead of comparing concepts, we may go below their differences to seek together what they are meant to grasp. We may in this way come to the things them­ selves, which are the common objective of all philosophy, or what the great Chinese philosopher Wang Yang Ming called "the investigation of things". It is in this spirit that the Institute's programs include a "cross-cultural" dialogue meant to bring about a profound communication among philosophers in their deepest concerns. Rising above artificial cultural confinements, such dialogues bring scholars, thinkers and human beings together toward a truly human community of minds. Our Institute unfolds one consistent academic program.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401576970
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 203 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 173
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I Linguistic Preliminaries -- II Actives and Passives -- III Reference -- IV Coherence -- V Hypostasis -- VI Knowledge -- VII Knowing How -- VIIII Various Uses -- IX Conditions -- X A Position to Know -- XI Analysis -- XII Skepticism -- XIII A Safe Position -- XIV Demons, Angels and Miracles -- XV Risk and Gravity -- Kreb’s Epilogue -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: THIS ESSAY was begun a long time ago, in 1962, when I spent a year in Rome on a Guggenheim Fellowship. That twenty one years were required to complete it is owing both to the character of the theory presented and to my peculiar habits of mind. The theory presented is a coherence theory of knowledge: the con­ ception of coherence is here dominant and pervasive. But considera­ tions of coherence dictate an attention to details. The fact of the matter is that I get hung up on details: everything must fit, and if it does not, I do not want to proceed. A second difficulty was that all the epistemological issues seemed too clear. That may sound weird, but that's the way it is. I write philosophy to make things clear to myself. If, rightly or wrongly, I think I know the answer to a question, I can't bring myself to write it down. What happened, in this case, is that I finally became persuaded, in the course of lecturing on epistemology to under­ graduates, that not everything was as clear as it should be, that there were gaps in my presentation that were seriously in need of filling.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400961876
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 196 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Science and Philosophy 1
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. The Philosophical Situation: A Critical Appraisal -- 1: The ‘standard’ account of meaning -- 2: ‘Meaning variance’ and ‘incommensurability’ -- II. The Scientific Situation: An Historical Analysis -- 3: Faraday’s ‘lines of force’ -- 4: Maxwell’s ‘Newtonian aether-field’ -- 5: Lorentz’ ‘non-Newtonian aether-field’ -- 6: Einstein’s ‘field’ -- III. The Making of Meaning: A Proposal -- 7: Meaning in scientific practice.
    Kurzfassung: Einstein often expressed the sentiment that "the eternal mystery of the world is its comprehensibility," and that science is the means through which we comprehend it. However, nearly every­ one - including scientists - agrees that the concepts of modem physics are quite incomprehensible: They are both unintelligible to the educated lay-person and to the scientific community itself, where there is much dispute over the interpretation of even (and especially) the most basic concepts. There is, of course, almost universal agreement that modem science quite adequately accounts for and predicts events, i. e. , that its calculations work better than those of classical physics; yet the concepts of science are supposed to be descriptive of 'the world' as well - they should enable us to comprehend it. So, it is asked, and needs tobe"asked: Has modem physics failed in an important respect? It failed with me as a physics student. I came to physics, as with most naIve students, out of a desire to know what the world is really like; in particular, to understand Einstein's conception of it. I thought I had grasped the concepts in classical mechanics, but with electrodynamics confusion set in and only increased with relativity and quantum mechanics. At that point I began even to doubt whether I had really understood the basic concepts of classical mechanics.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962569
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (436p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 81
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 81
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: One / Epistemological Foundations of the Dialectical Theory of Meaning -- I. General Logical Problems of Constructing a Theory of Meaning -- II. Categories of Objective Reality -- III. Symbols -- IV. Objective Experience -- V. Concepts and Other Categories of Thought -- Two / Analysis of Meaning -- VI. Meaning as a Complex of Relationships -- VII. Mental Meaning -- VIII. Objective Meaning -- IX. Linguistic Meaning -- X. Practical Meaning -- Three / Meaning and Communication -- XI. The Genesis of Signs and Meaning -- XII. General Definition of Meaning: The Interrelationships of the Individual Dimensions of Meaning -- XIII. Conditions of Effective Communication -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: This prize monograph was a pioneering work among Marxist philosophers, East and West, twenty-five years ago. To our mind, the work would have been received with respect and pleasure by philosophers of many viewpoints if it had been known abroad then. Now, revised for this English-language editiJn by our dear and honored colleague Mihailo Markovic, it is still admirable, still the insightful and stimulating accomplishment of a pioneering philosophical and scientific mind, still resonating to the three themes of technical mastery, humane purpose, political critique. Markovic has always worked with the scientific and the humanist disci­ plines inseparably, a faithful as well as a creative man oflate twentieth century thOUght. Reasoning is to be studied as any other object of investigation would be: empirically, theoretically, psychologically, historically, imaginatively. But the entry is often through the study of meaning, in language and in life. In his splendid guide into the work before us, his Introduction, Markovic shows his remarkable ability as the teacher, motivating, clarifying, sketching the whole, illuminating the detail, Critically situating the problem within a practical understanding of the tool oflanguage.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962545
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 79
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 79
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: Creativity and Criticism in Science and Politics -- The Social Base of Scientific Theory and Practice -- Transcendental Realism and Rational Heuristics: Critical Rationalism and the Problem of Method -- How to Accept Fallible Test Statements? Popper’s Criticist Solution -- Logical Strength and Demarcation -- Xenophanes: A Forerunner of Critical Rationalism? -- The Social Roots of Modern Egalitarianism -- Explication and Implications of the Placebo Concept -- Analytic and Synthetic Philosophy -- Ethical Problems in Science Communication -- A Philosophical Conception of Finality in Biology -- The Justification of Scientific Progress -- Against Induction: One of Many Arguments -- The Problem of Ideology and Critical Rationalism -- Poincaré versus Le Roy on Incommensurability -- On Early Forms of Critical Rationalism -- Gerard Radnitzky: From Positivism, via Critical Theory, to Critical Rationalism -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: This remarkable collection of essays, diverse but united by the theme of critical reasoning, testifies to the attention and respect paid by the authors to the philosophical career of Gerard Radnitzky. We, too, greet Professor Radnitzky for his decades of intellectual labor devoted to the establishment of rational analysis of human problems. Not least of his concerns has been to understand what it is to be rational, to disentangle the apparently rational and the genuine, to separate dogma from justified belief, to cherish imagination while seeking its test. If Radnitzky has long been known for his careful elaboration of the spectrum of modem approaches to epistemology, those who have gathered to celebrate his work in this volume will also be widely known for their own writings on this matter of critical methodology. Their signposts (or are they warning lights?) will be familiar to thoughtful philosophers and scientists, and they appear as queries as we read these papers: the rational heuristic and the irrational heuristic? accepting the fallible? differing societies but one rational cognitive practice? accepting evidence which is placebogenic? choosing among the incommensurables? what remains of the logic of demarcation? purpose in nature? progress of science? rationality in politics? a humane reasonableness and a critical rationalism? Gunnar Andersson sets the focus well for the reader. We need not choose between dogmatism and relativism, he argues. And then he tells the political lesson: we might avoid both anarchy and despotism.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 26
    ISBN: 9789400964815
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (688p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 176
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Law—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: 1: Theory of Science and Theory of Law -- Synopsis -- Recent Trends in the Philosophy of Science -- Legal Dogmatics as a Scientific Paradigm -- Paradigms in Legal Dogmatics Towards a Theory of Change and Progress in Legal Science -- Pragmatic Metatheory for Legal Science -- On Making Implicit Methodologies Explicit -- 2: Ontology and Epistomology in Legal Science -- Synopsis -- Ought, Reasons, Motivation, and the Unity of the Social Sciences: The Meta-theory of the Ought-Is Problem -- Legal Data. An Essay about the Ontology of Law -- Pluralis Juris -- Changes of Paradigm in the Law -- Legal Norms: a Transformational Approach -- Epistemology and Validity in Law -- Is Law a System of Enactments? -- The Concept of “Fact” in the Physical Sciences and in Law -- 3: Objectivity and Rationality of Legal Justification -- Synopsis -- Objectivity in the Social Sciences -- Objectivity and Rationality in Lawyer’s Reasoning -- Coherence in Legal Justification -- Paradigms of Justifying Legal Decisions -- Monism, Pluralism, Relativism and Right Answers in the Law -- Discovery and Justification in Science and Law -- Reasons and Causes in Connection with Judicial Decisions -- 4: Technical Rationality in the Law -- Synopsis -- Legal Rationality Among Different Types of Rationality -- Paradigms of Legal Research; Empirical Science and Legal Dogmatics -- Goal Reasons in Common Law Cases — Are They Predictive? -- Teleological Construction of Statutes -- Reason, Law and History -- The Rule of Law in Legal Reasoning -- 5: Some Special Topics Concerning Rationality and Legitimacy in the Law -- Synopsis -- An Ubiquitous Paralogism in Legal Thinking -- Power of Tolerance — On the Legitimacy of a Legal System -- Sir Edward Coke’s Legal Conservatism -- Popper’s Criterion of Refutability in the Legal Context -- 6: Criticism and Developments in Particular Areas of the Law: Property, Contracts, and Torts -- Synopsis -- Theory Choice and Contract Law -- Trends in Legal Science Relating to Contracts and Torts -- The Economics of Trade Laws -- 7: Interdisciplinary Bridges between Legal Research and Other Sciences -- Synopsis -- On Bridging the So-Called Gap Between Normative Legal Dogmatics and Empirical-Theoretical Social Science -- Towards an Interdisciplinary Theory of Law -- Legal Science and Hermeneutic Point of View -- Legal Theory and Social Science -- Integration Between Legal Research and Social Science -- 8: Analysis of Legal Norms and Juristic Propositions -- Synopsis -- Karl Olivecrona’s Theory of Legal Rules as Independent Imperatives -- Norms of Competence in Scandinavian Jurisprudence -- A Tentative Analysis of Two Juristic Sentences -- 9: Logical and Preference-Theoretical Structures in the Law -- Synopsis -- Automated Analysis of Legislation -- Rights and Practical Possibilities -- Requirements, Urgency, and Worth -- The Property Right of Sweden Today — Or a Requiem over an Outdated Way of Argueing -- List of Participants -- Index of Names.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962774
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (196p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in the History of Modern Science 14
    DDC: 530.01
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Science Philosophy ; History
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401715928
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (V, 282 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Springer eBook Collection
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: A Symmetric Approach to Axiomatizing Quantifiers and Modalities -- The Knowing Mathematician -- “Conservative” Kripke Closures -- Frege, Le?niewski, and Information Semantics on the Resolution of Antinomies -- De Finetti’s Probabilism -- Probability Functions and Their Assumption Sets — The Binary Case -- Logic and Reasoning -- Paradoxes -- Referential and Nonreferential Substitutional Quantifiers -- Foundations for Analysis and Proof Theory -- Chameleonic Languages -- Relational Model Systems: The Craft of Logic -- Realizability and Intuitionistic Logic.
    Kurzfassung: The more traditional approaches to the history and philosophy of science and technology continue as well, and probably will continue as long as there are skillful practitioners such as Carl Hempel, Ernest Nagel, and th~ir students. Finally, there are still other approaches that address some of the technical problems arising when we try to provide an account of belief and of rational choice. - These include efforts to provide logical frameworks within which we can make sense of these notions. This series will attempt to bring together work from all of these approaches to the history and philosophy of science and technology in the belief that each has something to add to our understanding. The volumes of this series have emerged either from lectures given by authors while they served as honorary visiting professors at the City College of New York or from conferences sponsored by that institution. The City College Program in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology oversees and directs these lectures and conferences with the financial aid of the Association for Philosophy of Science, Psychotheraphy, and Ethics. MARTIN TAMNY RAPHAEL STERN PREFACE The papers in this collection stem largely from the conference 'Foun­ dations: Logic, Language, and Mathematics' held at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York on 14-15 November 1980.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 29
    Buch
    Buch
    Delhi [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 0195616774
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 94 S , Ill
    DDC: 509.24
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von Knowledge ; Science ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 1749-1832 ; Naturwissenschaften
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 30
    ISBN: 9026306202
    Sprache: Niederländisch
    Seiten: 255 S.
    DDC: 501
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Wetenschap ; Wetenschapsdynamica ; Naturwissenschaft ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaft ; Science Methodology ; Science Philosophy ; Variation ; Auslese ; Wissenschaftsentwicklung ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Auslese ; Variation ; Wissenschaftsentwicklung
    Anmerkung: Zugl.: Amsterdam, Univ., Diss.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 31
    ISBN: 9026306202
    Sprache: Niederländisch
    Seiten: 255 S.
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Wetenschap ; Wetenschapsdynamica ; Naturwissenschaft ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaft ; Science Methodology ; Science Philosophy ; Methode ; Naturwissenschaften ; Naturwissenschaften ; Methode
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 32
    ISBN: 9789401576765
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (424 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Content -- Theory and Measurement -- Vom Henker, vom Lügner und von ihrem Ende -- On the Current Status of the Issue of Scientific Realism -- Situation Semantics and the “Slingshot” Argument -- Notes on the Well-Made World -- Logical Foundations of Psychoanalytic Theory -- Friedlands Sterne oder Facta und Ficta -- Mathematics, the Empirical Facts, and Logical Necessity -- Quines Ontologiekriterium -- Zufall und Notwendigkeit in Wittgensteins Tractatus -- Moralbegründung ohne Metaphysik -- Probability as a Quasi-Theoretical Concept — J.V. Kries’ Sophisticated Account after a Century -- Valuations for Direct Propositional Logic -- Logical Semantics for Natural Language -- On How the Distinction between History and Philosophy of Science Should Not Be Drawn -- Vagueness and Alternative Logic -- The Rationalist Theory of Double Causality as an Object of Hume’s Criticism -- A Modest Concept of Moral Sense Perception -- Structuralism and Scientific Realism -- Deterministic and Probabilistic Reasons and Causes -- The Meaning of Probability Statements -- Normative Principles of Rational Communication -- Persönliche Anmerkungen.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ContentTheory and Measurement -- Vom Henker, vom Lügner und von ihrem Ende -- On the Current Status of the Issue of Scientific Realism -- Situation Semantics and the “Slingshot” Argument -- Notes on the Well-Made World -- Logical Foundations of Psychoanalytic Theory -- Friedlands Sterne oder Facta und Ficta -- Mathematics, the Empirical Facts, and Logical Necessity -- Quines Ontologiekriterium -- Zufall und Notwendigkeit in Wittgensteins Tractatus -- Moralbegründung ohne Metaphysik -- Probability as a Quasi-Theoretical Concept - J.V. Kries’ Sophisticated Account after a Century -- Valuations for Direct Propositional Logic -- Logical Semantics for Natural Language -- On How the Distinction between History and Philosophy of Science Should Not Be Drawn -- Vagueness and Alternative Logic -- The Rationalist Theory of Double Causality as an Object of Hume’s Criticism -- A Modest Concept of Moral Sense Perception -- Structuralism and Scientific Realism -- Deterministic and Probabilistic Reasons and Causes -- The Meaning of Probability Statements -- Normative Principles of Rational Communication -- Persönliche Anmerkungen.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 33
    ISBN: 9789401576802
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXII, 231 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 73
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 73
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1 / Introduction: Methodology, Ideology, and Scientific Revolutions -- 2 / Epistemic Structuralism: The Limit to Radical Alternatives to Traditional Epistemology -- 3 / Problems of Structure and Growth: Towards an Interactive Model of The Growth of Scientific Knowledge -- 4 / Consequences and Alternative Methodologies -- 5 / The Nature of Methodological Variance: From Commensurable Canons to Incommensurable Strategies -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: Professor Pandit, working among the admirable group of philosophers at the University of Delhi, has written a fundamental criticism and a constructive re-interpretation of all that has been preserved as serious epistemological and methodological reflections on the sciences in modern Western philosoph- from the times of Galileo, Newton, Descartes and Leibniz to those of Russell and Wittgenstein, Carnap and Popper, and, we need hardly add, onward to the troubling relativisms and reconstructions of historical epistemologies in the works of Hanson, Kuhn, Lakatos and Feyerabend. His themes are intrigu­ ing, set forth as they are with masterly case studies of physics and the life sciences, and within an original conceptual framework for philosophical analysis of the processes, functions, and structures of scientific knowing. Pandit's contributions deserve thoughtful examination. For our part, we wish to point to some among them: (1) an interactive articulation of subjective and objective factors of both problems and theories in the course of scientific development; (2) a striking contrast between the explanatory power of a scientific theory and its 'resolving power', i. e.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401569217
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 296 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 6
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Understanding and Checking -- Understanding -- Producing Evidence -- Evaluating -- Variety and Unity -- Epistemic Change -- Kinds of Knowledge -- Upshot.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Understanding and CheckingUnderstanding -- Producing Evidence -- Evaluating -- Variety and Unity -- Epistemic Change -- Kinds of Knowledge -- Upshot.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468445770
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (308p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Physics ; Engineering ; Renewable energy sources ; Social sciences ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Problems in Public Understanding -- Reference Notes -- 2. How Dangerous is Radiation? -- Meet the Millirem -- Scientific Basis for Risk Estimates -- The Media and Radiation -- Genetic Effects of Radiation -- Other Health Effects of Radiation -- Public Insanity -- Reference Notes -- 3. The Fearsome Reactor Meltdown Accident -- Was Three Mile Island a Near Miss to Disaster? -- Roads to Meltdown -- How Secure Is the Containment? -- The Probabilities -- The Worst Possible Accident -- Land Contamination -- Why the Public Misunderstanding? -- Non-Safety Issues -- Reference Notes -- 4. Understanding Risk -- A Catalog of Risks -- Risks of Nuclear Energy—In Perspective -- Acceptability of Nuclear Power Risks -- Risks from Air Pollution in Coal Burning -- Risks in Other Energy Technologies -- Spending Money to Reduce Risk -- Reference Notes -- 5. Hazards of High-Level Radioactive Waste: The Great Myth -- A First Perspective -- High-Level Radioactive Waste—Hazards and Protective Barriers -- Quantitative Risk Assessment for High-Level Waste -- Long-Term Waste Problems from Chemical Carcinogens -- Should We Add Up Effects over Millions of Years? -- Why the Public Fear? -- Reference Notes -- 6. More on Radioactive Waste -- Radon Problems -- Routine Emissions of Radioactivity -- Low-Level Waste -- Transuranic Waste -- Summary of Results -- The Real Waste Problem -- West Valley—The Ultimate Waste Problem -- Leaking Waste Storage Tanks -- Waste Transport—When Radioactivity Encounters the Public -- A Radioactive Waste Accident in the Soviet Union -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 7. Plutonium and Bombs -- Fuel of the Future -- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons -- Nonproliferation Politics -- A Tool for Terrorists? -- Plutonium Toxicity -- Reference Notes -- 8. Costs of Nuclear Power: The Achilles’ Heel -- Understanding Power Plant Construction Costs -- Regulatory Ratcheting -- Actual Costs of Nuclear Power Plants—Regulatory Turbulence -- Actual Costs -- The Situation in Other Countries -- The Political Battle Lost -- Cost per Kilowatt-Hour -- Coal versus Nuclear Costs -- Reference Notes -- 9. The Solar Dream -- Cost Problems -- Is It There When We Need It? -- Why Solar Electricity? -- Environmental Problems, the Media, and Politics And More Politics -- Reference Notes -- 10. What the Polls Tell Us -- Rothman-Lichter Polls -- Battelle and Media Institute Studies -- A Poll of Radiation Health Scientists -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 11. Questions from the Audience -- Radioactivity and Radiation -- Trust and Faith -- Reactor Accidents and Safety -- Radioactive Waste -- Miscellaneous Topics -- 12. A Cry for Help.
    Kurzfassung: I was not invited to write a foreword for this book. Dr. Cohen, knowing my busy schedule, would have considered such a request to be an imposition. I volunteered to do so in part to acknowledge my gratitude to him for having been a constant source of reference materials as I have turned my attention increasingly to informing both lay and scientific audiences concerning the biologic effects of low-level ionizing radiation. My primary reason for vol­ unteering, however, is to point to the importance of such a book for public education at a time when the media, in collaboration with a variety of activist groups, have developed among the people an almost phobic fear of radiation at any level. I take issue with the words of another Nobel laureate, George Wald, who states regularly "Every dose is an overdose. '" This philosophy has re­ sulted in women refusing mammography for the detection of breast cancer even though this methodology is the most sensitive for detection of such cancers in the early, curable stage, and even though, at present, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. It has led a Westchester County, New York legislator to state proudly in the New York Times that he v vi I FOREWORD had introduced legislation that would bar all radioactivity from the county's roads.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Problems in Public UnderstandingReference Notes -- 2. How Dangerous is Radiation? -- Meet the Millirem -- Scientific Basis for Risk Estimates -- The Media and Radiation -- Genetic Effects of Radiation -- Other Health Effects of Radiation -- Public Insanity -- Reference Notes -- 3. The Fearsome Reactor Meltdown Accident -- Was Three Mile Island a Near Miss to Disaster? -- Roads to Meltdown -- How Secure Is the Containment? -- The Probabilities -- The Worst Possible Accident -- Land Contamination -- Why the Public Misunderstanding? -- Non-Safety Issues -- Reference Notes -- 4. Understanding Risk -- A Catalog of Risks -- Risks of Nuclear Energy-In Perspective -- Acceptability of Nuclear Power Risks -- Risks from Air Pollution in Coal Burning -- Risks in Other Energy Technologies -- Spending Money to Reduce Risk -- Reference Notes -- 5. Hazards of High-Level Radioactive Waste: The Great Myth -- A First Perspective -- High-Level Radioactive Waste-Hazards and Protective Barriers -- Quantitative Risk Assessment for High-Level Waste -- Long-Term Waste Problems from Chemical Carcinogens -- Should We Add Up Effects over Millions of Years? -- Why the Public Fear? -- Reference Notes -- 6. More on Radioactive Waste -- Radon Problems -- Routine Emissions of Radioactivity -- Low-Level Waste -- Transuranic Waste -- Summary of Results -- The Real Waste Problem -- West Valley-The Ultimate Waste Problem -- Leaking Waste Storage Tanks -- Waste Transport-When Radioactivity Encounters the Public -- A Radioactive Waste Accident in the Soviet Union -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 7. Plutonium and Bombs -- Fuel of the Future -- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons -- Nonproliferation Politics -- A Tool for Terrorists? -- Plutonium Toxicity -- Reference Notes -- 8. Costs of Nuclear Power: The Achilles’ Heel -- Understanding Power Plant Construction Costs -- Regulatory Ratcheting -- Actual Costs of Nuclear Power Plants-Regulatory Turbulence -- Actual Costs -- The Situation in Other Countries -- The Political Battle Lost -- Cost per Kilowatt-Hour -- Coal versus Nuclear Costs -- Reference Notes -- 9. The Solar Dream -- Cost Problems -- Is It There When We Need It? -- Why Solar Electricity? -- Environmental Problems, the Media, and Politics And More Politics -- Reference Notes -- 10. What the Polls Tell Us -- Rothman-Lichter Polls -- Battelle and Media Institute Studies -- A Poll of Radiation Health Scientists -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 11. Questions from the Audience -- Radioactivity and Radiation -- Trust and Faith -- Reactor Accidents and Safety -- Radioactive Waste -- Miscellaneous Topics -- 12. A Cry for Help.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400969865
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 2
    Serie: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 2
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The Influence of Darwinism on English Literature and Literary Ideas -- Evolution and Educational Theory in the Nineteenth Century -- Darwin and the Descent of Women -- Darwinism and Feminism: The ‘Woman Question’ in the Life and Work of Olive Schreiner and Charlotte Perkins Gilman -- Darwin and Philosophy Today -- Darwinism and Language -- Evolutionism and Arch(a)eology -- Heinrich Schenker’s Epistemology and Philosophy of Music: An Essay on the Relations Between Evolutionary Theory and Music Theory -- Evolution: The Whitworth Gun in Huxley’s War for the Liberation of Science from Theology -- Evolutionism Transformed: Positivists and Materialists in the Sociätä d’ Anthropologic de Paris from Second Empire to Third Republic -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: Only in fairly recent years has History and Philosophy of Science been recognized - though not always under that name - as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour. Previously, in the Australasian region as elsewhere, those few individuals working within this broad area of inquiry found their base, both intellectually and socially, where they could. In fact, the institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science began compara­ tively early in Australia. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and '60s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia, and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume will comprise a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. The series should, however, prove of more than merely local interest. Papers will address general issues; parochial topics will be avoided.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400971332
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 22
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 22
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: from Rutherford to Hahn -- The Nuclear Electron Hypothesis -- The Evolution of Matter: Nuclear Physics, Cosmic Rays, and Robert Millikan’s Research Program -- The Discovery of Fission and a Nuclear Physics Paradigm -- Internal and External Conditions for the Discovery of Fission by the Berlin Team -- Otto Hahn, Science, and Social Responsibility -- The Politics of British Science in the Munich Era -- Why Hahn’s Radiothorium Surprised Rutherford in Montreal -- The Discovery of Uranium Z by Otto Hahn: The First Example of Nuclear Isomerism -- Nuclear Physics in Candada in the 1930s.
    Kurzfassung: and less as the emanation unden\'ent radioactive decay, and it became motion­ less after about 30 seconds. Since this process was occurring very rapidly, Hahn and Sackur marked the position of the pointer on a scale with pencil marks. As a timing device they used a metronome that beat out intervals of approximately 1. 3 seconds. This simple method enabled them to determine that the half-life of the emanations of actinium and emanium were the same. Although Giesel's measurements had been more precise than Debierne's, the name of actinium was retained since Debierne had made the discovery first. Hahn now returned to his sample of barium chloride. He soon conjectured that the radium-enriched preparations must harbor another radioactive sub­ stance. The liquids resulting from fractional crystallization, which were sup­ posed to contain radium only, produced two kinds of emanation. One was the long-lived emanation of radium, the other had a short life similar to the emanation produced by thorium. Hahn tried to separate this substance by adding some iron to the solutions that should have been free of radium, but to no avail. Later the reason for his failure became apparent. The element that emitted the thorium emanation was constantly replenished by the ele­ ment believed to be radium. Hahn succeeded in enriching a preparation until it was more than 100,000 times as intensive in its radiation as the same quantity of thorium.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400969803
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (216p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 160
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Theory, Data, and Explanation -- 2. The Origins of the Theory -- I. Elementary Object Theory -- 1. The Language -- 2. The Semantics -- 3. The Logic -- 4. The Proper Axioms -- 5. An Auxiliary Hypothesis -- II. Applications of the Elementary Theory -- 1. Modelling Plato’s Forms -- 2. Modelling the Round Square, etc. -- 3. The Problem of Existence 50 Appendix -- III. The Modal Theory of Abstract Objects (With Propositions) -- 1. The Language -- 2. The Semantics -- 3. The Logic -- 4. The Proper Axioms -- IV. The Applications of the Modal Theory -- 1. Truth -- 2. Modelling Possible Worlds -- 3. Modelling Leibniz’s Monads -- 4. Modelling Stories and Native Characters -- 5. Modality and Descriptions -- V. The Typed Theory of Abstract Objects -- 1. The Language -- 2. The Semantics -- 3. The Logic -- 4. The Proper Axioms -- VI. Applications of the Typed Theory -- 1. Modelling Frege’s Senses (I) -- 2. Modelling Frege’s Senses (II) -- 3. Modelling Impossible and Fictional Relations -- 4. Modelling Mathematical Myths and Entities -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- A. Modelling the Theory Itself -- B. Modelling Notions -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: In this book, I attempt to lay the axiomatic foundations of metaphysics by developing and applying a (formal) theory of abstract objects. The cornerstones include a principle which presents precise conditions under which there are abstract objects and a principle which says when apparently distinct such objects are in fact identical. The principles are constructed out of a basic set of primitive notions, which are identified at the end of the Introduction, just before the theorizing begins. The main reason for producing a theory which defines a logical space of abstract objects is that it may have a great deal of explanatory power. It is hoped that the data explained by means of the theory will be of interest to pure and applied metaphysicians, logicians and linguists, and pure and applied epistemologists. The ideas upon which the theory is based are not essentially new. They can be traced back to Alexius Meinong and his student, Ernst Mally, the two most influential members of a school of philosophers and psychologists working in Graz in the early part of the twentieth century. They investigated psychological, abstract and non-existent objects - a realm of objects which weren't being taken seriously by Anglo-American philoso­ phers in the Russell tradition. I first took the views of Meinong and Mally seriously in a course on metaphysics taught by Terence Parsons at the University of Massachusetts/Amherst in the Fall of 1978. Parsons had developed an axiomatic version of Meinong's naive theory of objects.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401097314
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (500p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 78
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 78
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Critical Papers -- 1: Philosophy and the Analysis of Language -- 2: Mathematical Ideals and Metaphysical Concepts -- 3: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions -- 4: The Paradigm Concept -- 5: Meaning and Scientific Change -- 6: Notes Toward a Post-Positivistic Interpretation of Science, Part I -- II. Analyses of Issues -- 7: Space, Time, and Language -- 8: Interpretations of Science in America -- 9: Unity and Method in Contemporary Science -- 10: What Can the Theory of Knowledge Learn from the History of Knowledge? -- III. Toward a Systematic Philosophy of Science -- 11: The Character of Scientific Change -- 12: The Scope and Limits of Scientific Change -- 13: Scientific Theories and Their Domains -- 14: Remarks on the Concepts of Domain and Field -- 15: Alteration of Goals and Language in the Development of Science -- 16: The Concept of Observation in Science and Philosophy (Summary version) -- 17: Notes Toward a Post-Positivistic Interpretation of Science, Part II -- 18: Reason, Reference, and the Quest for Knowledge -- 19: Modern Science and the Philosophical Tradition -- List Of Publications -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Topics.
    Kurzfassung: An impressive characteristic of Dudley Shapere's studies in the philosophy of the sciences has been his dogged reasonableness. He sorts things out, with logical care and mastery of the materials, and with an epistemological curiosity for the historical happenings which is both critical and respectful. Science changes, and the philosopher had better not link philosophical standards too tightly to either the latest orthodox or the provocative up­ start in scientific fashions; and yet, as critic, the philosopher must not only master the sciences but also explicate their meanings, not those of a cognitive never-never land. Neither dreamer nor pedant, Professor Shapere has been able to practice the modern empiricist's exercises with the sober and stimulat­ ing results shown in this volume: he sees that he can be faithful to philosoph­ ical analysis, engage in the boldest 'rational reconstruction' of theories and experimental measurements, and faithful too, empirically faithful we may say, to both the direct super-highways and the winding pathways of conceptual evolutions and metaphysical revolutions. Not least, Shapere listens! To Einstein and Calileo of course, but to the workings of the engineers and the scientific apprentices too, and to the various philosophers, now and of old, who have also worked to make sense of what has been learned and how that has happened and where we might go wrong.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 40
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400971240
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 80
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 80
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Analytical Table of Contents -- Introduction: Some Questions for Philosophy of Technology -- Introduction: Some Questions for Philosophy of Technology -- I / Can Technological Development Be Regulated? -- Can Government Regulate Technology? -- Social Implications of Recent Technological Innovations -- Technology and Human Rights -- Technology Assessment, Facts and Values -- A Critique of Technological Determinism -- Techne and Politeia: The Technical Constitution of Society -- II / Technology Assessment -- Technoaxiology: Appropriate Norms for Technology Assessment -- Comment: What Is Alternative Technology? A Reply to Professor Stanley Carpenter -- The Prospects for Technology Assessment -- Technology Assessment and the Problem of Quantification -- Forecast, Value, and the Recent Phenomenon of Non-Acceptance: The Limits of a Philosophy of Technology Assessment -- III / Responsibilities Toward Nature -- The Viability of Environmental Ethics -- Notes on Extended Responsibility and Increased Technological Power -- What Sort of Technology Permits the Language of Nature? Conditions for Controlling Nature-Domination Constitutionally -- IV / Metaphysical and Historical Issues -- The Historical-Ontological Priority of Technology over Science -- The Origins of Modern Technology in Millenarianism -- The Religious and Political Origins of Modern Technology -- From the Phenomenon to the Event of Technology (A Dialectical Approach to Heidegger’s Phenomenology) -- Pragmatism, Transcendental Arguments, and the Technological -- V / Directions for Philosophy of Technology -- The Cultural Character of Technology -- The Import of Social, Political, and Anthropological Considerations in an Adequate Philosophy of Technology -- Philosophy of Technology: Problems of a Philosophical Discipline -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: Only recently has the phenomenon of technology become an object of in­ terest for philosophers. The first attempts at a philosophy of technology date back scarcely a hundred years - a span of time extremely short when com­ pared with the antiquity of philosophical reflections on nature, science, and society. Over that hundred-year span, speculative, critical, and empiricist approaches of various sorts have been put forward. Nevertheless, even now there remains a broad gap between the importance of technology in the real world and the sparse number of philosophical works dedicated to the under­ standing of modern technology. As a result of the complex structure of modern technology, it can be dealt with in very different ways. These range from metaphysical exposition to efforts aimed at political consensus. Quite naturally, within such a broad range, certain national accents can be discovered-; they are shaped by a com­ mon language, accepted philosophical traditions, and concrete problems requiring consideration. Even so, the worldwide impact of technology, its penetration into all spheres of individual, social, and cultural life, together with the urgency of the problems raised in this context - all these demand a joint philosophical discussion that transcends the barriers of language and cultural differences. The papers printed here are intended to exemplify such an effort at culture-transcending philosophical discussion.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 41
    ISBN: 9789400969605
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (287p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 21
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 21
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Table of Contents: Volume II -- The New Dualism: “Res Philosophica” and “Res Historica” -- I -- Hippocrates and the School of Cos. Between Myth and Skepticism -- The Historical Hippocrates and the Origins of Scientific Medicine. Comments on Joly -- II -- What’s in a Word? Coming to Terms in the Darwinian Revolution -- Comments on Beatty -- Reply to Hull -- III -- The Politics of Truth: A Social Interpretation of Scientific Knowledge, with an Application to the Case of Sociobiology -- IV -- Anatomy of the Self in Psychoanalytic Theory -- The Unity of the Self -- Psychoanalysis, Personal Identity, and Scientific Method -- V -- Themes in British Psychiatry, J. C. Prichard (1785–1848) to Henry Maudsley (1835–1918) -- Comments on Bynum -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: These remarks preface two volumes consisting of the proceedings of the Third International Conference on the History and Philosophy of Science of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science. The conference was held under the auspices of the Union, The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science. The meetings took place in Montreal, Canada, 25-29 August 1980, with Concordia University as host institution. The program of the conference was arranged by a Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science consisting of Robert E. Butts (Canada), John Murdoch (U. S. A. ), Vladimir Kirsanov (U. S. S. R. ), and Paul Weingartner (Austria). The Local Arrangements Committee consisted of Stanley G. French, Chair (Concordia), Michel Paradis, treasurer (McGill), Fran~ois Duchesneau (Universite de Montreal), Robert Nadeau (Universite du Quebec it Montreal), and William Shea (McGill University). Both committees are indebted to Dr. G. R. Paterson, then President of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science, who shared his expertise in many ways. Dr. French and his staff worked diligently and efficiently on behalf of all participants. The city of Montreal was, as always, the subtle mixture of extravagance, charm, warmth and excitement that retains her status as the jewel of Canadian cities. The funding of major international conferences is always a problem.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400968394
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 102
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 102
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Scottish Beginnings -- 2. London Beginnings -- 3. The First Trip Abroad -- 1. Paris and its Scientific Society, 1817 -- 2. Switzerland -- 3. Italy -- 4. The Return -- 4. In the Mainstream of London Science -- 1. Scientific Training in the 1820s -- 2. Mary Somerville’s Apprenticeship -- 3. The First Experimental Paper -- 4. Brougham’s Commission -- 5. The Mechanism of the Heavens -- 1. The Atmosphere of 1830 -- 2. Creation and Publication -- 3. Reception -- 6. The Second Stay Abroad -- 1. Paris, 1832 -- 2. Mary Somerville and French Science, 1832–33 -- 3. Foreign Visitors, English Correspondence -- 7. On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences -- 1. The Physical Sciences, 1830–33 -- 2. The Final Revision -- 3. Publication and Review -- 4. New Honours and a New Edition -- 5. Mary Somerville and a Few Scientific Women -- 8. The Civil List and Mary Somerville -- 9. ‘The Comet’, an Experiment and a Third Edition -- 10. The Last London Years -- 1. A New Pattern of Existence, 1836 -- 2. The Fourth Edition of the Connexion of the Sciences -- 3. A Scientific Intermediary -- 11. Outside the Mainstream of Science -- 1. Italy, 1838–40 -- 2. And After . . . -- A Guide to Notes and Citations -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: Among the myriad of changes that took place in Great Britain in the first half of the nineteenth century, many of particular significance to the historian of science and to the social historian are discernible in that small segment of British society drawn together by a shared interest in natural phenomena and with sufficient leisure or opportunity to investigate and ponder them. This group, which never numbered more than a mere handful in comparison to the whole population, may rightly be characterized as 'scientific'. They and their successors came to occupy an increasingly important place in the intellectual, educational, and developing economic life of the nation. Well before the arrival of mid-century, natural philosophers and inventors were generally hailed as a source of national pride and of national prestige. Scientific society is a feature of nineteenth-century British life, the best being found in London, in the universities, in Edinburgh and Glasgow, and in a few scattered provincial centres.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401576727
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 182 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 3
    Serie: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 3
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Why Philosophy of Science? -- Knowledge and Power in the Sciences -- Facts and Values in Science Studies -- No History Without Health -- Science Policy Studies: Retrospect and Prospect -- Social Science: Education as Social Persuasion -- History and Philosophy of Science in the Pedagogical Process -- Science Teaching or Science Preaching? Critical Reflections on School Science -- Notes on Contributors.
    Kurzfassung: Only in fairly recent years has History and Philosophy of Science been recognized - though not always under that name - as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour. Previously, in the Australasian region as elsewhere, those few individuals working within this broad area of inquiry found their base, both intellectually and socially, where they could. In fact, the institutionali­ zation of History and Philosophy of Science began comparatively early in Australia. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and '60s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia, and in New Zealand.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 44
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400970274
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 5
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: of Epistemology I -- I. Cognition and Communication -- 1. Cognition -- 2. Knowledge -- 3. Communication -- II. Perceiving and Thinking -- 4. Perceiving -- 5. Conceiving -- 6. Inferring -- III. Exploring and Theorizing -- 7. Exploring -- 8. Conjecturing -- 9. Systematizing -- Appendices -- 1. The Power of Mathematics in Theory Construction: A Simple Model of Evolution -- 2. The Prose Identifying the Variables -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: In this Introduction we shall state the business of both descriptive and normative epistemology, and shall locate them in the map oflearning. This must be done because epistemology has been pronounced dead, and methodology nonexisting; and because, when acknowledged at all, they are often misplaced. 1. DESCRIPTIVE EPISTEMOLOGY The following problems are typical of classical epistemology: (i) What can we know? (ii) How do we know? (iii) What, if anything, does the subject contribute to his knowledge? (iv) What is truth? (v) How can we recognize truth? (vi) What is probable knowledge as opposed to certain knowledge? (vii) Is there a priori knowledge, and if so of what? (viii) How are knowledge and action related? (ix) How are knowledge and language related? (x) What is the status of concepts and propositions? In some guise or other all of these problems are still with us. To be sure, if construed as a demand for an inventory of knowledge the first problem is not a philosophical one any more than the question 'What is there?'. But it is a genuine philosophical problem if construed thus: 'What kinds of object are knowable-and which ones are not?' However, it is doubtful that philosophy can offer a correct answer to this problem without the help of science and technology. For example, only these disciplines can tell us whether man can know not only phenomena (appearances) but also noumena (things in themselves or self-existing objects).
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 45
    ISBN: 9789401576789
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 284 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Sociology of the Sciences Monographs 3
    Serie: Sociology of the Sciences - Monographs, Continued As Sociology of the Sciences Library 3
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I: The Identification of Positivism -- 1. Introduction -- II: Antipositivism in the Philosophy of the Natural Sciences -- 2. The Antipositivism of Critical Rationalism -- 3. The Antipositivism of Critical Theory -- 4. The Antipositivism of Scientific Realism -- 5. Discussion: Antipositivism in the Philosophy of the Natural Sciences -- III: Antipositivism in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences -- 6. The Antipositivism of Critical Rationalism -- 7. The Antipositivism of Critical Theory -- 8. The Antipositivism of Scientific Realism -- 9. Discussion: Antipositivism in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences -- IV: Positivism, Antipositivism and Ideology -- 10. Positivism, Antipositivism and Ideology -- 11. The Concept of Ideology in Critical Rationalism -- 12. The Concept of Ideology in Critical Theory -- 13. The Concept of Ideology in Scientific Realism -- 14. Discussion: Positivism, Antipositivism and Ideology -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: The sciences are too important to be left exclusively to scientists, and indeed they have not been. The structure of scientific knowledge, the role of the sciences in society, the appropriate social contexts for the pursuit of scientific inquiry, have long been matters for reflection and debate about the sciences carried on both within academe and outside it. Even within the universities this reflection has not been the property of any single discipline. Philosophy might have been first in the field, but history and the social sciences have also entered the fray. For the latter, new problems came to the fore, since reflection on the sciences is, in the case of the social sciences, necessarily also reflection on themselves as sciences. Reflection on the natural sciences and self-reflection by the social sciences came to be dominated in the 1960s by the term 'positivism'. At the time when this word had been invented, the sciences were flourishing; their social and material environment had become increasingly favourable to scientific progress, and the sciences were pointing the way to an optimistic future. In the later twentieth century, however, 'positivism' came to be a word used more frequently by those less sure of nineteenth century certainties. In both sociology and philosophy, 'positivism' was now something to be rejected, and, symbolizing the collapse of an earlier consensus, it became itself the shibboleth of a new dissensus, as different groups of reflective thinkers, in rejecting 'positivism', rejected something different, and often rejected each other.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401714587
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 270 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 71
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 71
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Ideology and Objectivity -- Toward a Logic of Historical Constitution -- Beyond Causality in the Social Sciences: Reciprocity as a Model of Non-exploitative Social Relations -- Empiricism and the Philosophy of Science, or, n Dogmas of Empiricism -- Realism and the Supposed Poverty of Sociological Theories -- The Role and Status of the Rationality Principle in the Social Sciences -- Marxian Paradigms versus Microeconomic Structures -- Paradise not Surrendered: Jewish Reactions to Copernicus and the Growth of Modern Science -- The Peculiar Evolutionary Strategy of Man -- Technologies as Forms of Life -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The last decades have seen major reformations in the philosophy and history of science. What has been called 'post-positivist' philosophy of science has introduced radically new concerns with historical, social, and valuative components of scientific thought in the natural sciences, and has raised up the demons of relativism, subjectivism and sociologism to haunt the once­ calm precincts of objectivity and realism. Though these disturbances intruded upon what had seemed to be the logically well-ordered domain of the philoso­ phy of the natural sciences, they were no news to the social sciences. There, the messy business of human action, volition, decision, the considerations of practical purposes and social values, the role of ideology and the problem of rationality, had long conspired to defeat logical-reconstructionist programs. The attempt to tarne the social sciences to the harness of a strict hypothetico­ deductive model of explanation failed. Within the social sciences, phenome­ nological, Marxist, hermeneuticist, action-theoretical approaches vied in attempting to capture the distinctiveness of human phenomena. In fact, the philosophy of the natural sciences, even in its 'hard' forms, has itself become infected with the increasing reflection upon the role of such social-scientific categories, in the attempt to understand the nature of the scientific enterprise.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 47
    ISBN: 9789400969575
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Feilds 20
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 20
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Do Historians and Philosophers of Science Share the Same Heritage? -- I -- Conceptual and Technical Aspects of the Galilean Geometrization of the Motion of Heavy Bodies -- The Galilean Geometrization of Motion: Some Historical Considerations -- Measure, Proportion and Mathematical Structure of Galileo’s Mechanics -- II -- Space, Geometrical Objects and Infinity: Newton and Descartes on Extension -- Finite and Otherwise. Aristotle and Some Seven- teenth Century Views -- III -- The Ideal of the Mathematization of All Sciences and of ‘More Geometrico’ in Descartes and Leibniz -- The “More Geometrico” Pattern in Hypotheses from Descartes to Leibniz -- The Leibnizean Picture of Descartes -- IV -- Force and Inertia: Euler and Kant’s Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science -- Kant on the Foundations of Science -- Non-mechanistic Ideas in Physics and Philosophy: From Newton to Kant -- V -- V. V. Petrov’s Hypothetical Experiment and Electrical Experiments of the 18th Century -- The Ideal of Mathematization in B. Bolzano -- “Die schönste Leistung der allgemeinen Relativitäts- theorie”: The Genesis of the Tensor-Geometrical Conception of Gravitation.
    Kurzfassung: These remarks preface two volumes consisting of the proceedings of the Third International Conference on the History and Philosophy of Science of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science. The conference was held under the auspices of the Union, The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science. The meetings took place in Montreal, Canada, 25--29 August 1980, with Concordia University as host institution. The program of the conference was arranged by a Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science consisting of Robert E. Butts (Canada), John Murdoch (U. S. A. ), Vladimir Kirsanov (U. S. S. R. ), and Paul Weingartner (Austria). The Local Arrangements Committee consisted of Stanley G. French, Chair (Concordia), Michel Paradis, treasurer (McGill), Franyois Duchesneau (Universite de Montreal), Robert Nadeau (Universite du Quebec a Montreal), and William Shea (McGill University). Both committees are indebted to Dr. G. R. Paterson, then President of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science, who shared his expertise in many ways. Dr. French and his staff worked diligently and efficiently on behalf of all participants. The city of Montreal was, as always, the subtle mixture of extravagance, charm, warmth and excitement that retains her status as the jewel of Canadian cities. The funding of major international conferences is always a problem.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400970557
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 76
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 76
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Psychiatry ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Geometry and Semantics: An Examination of Putnam’s Philosophy of Geometry -- The Epistemological Status of Recent Developments in Psychoanalytic Theory -- The Theory of Your Dreams -- Valuation and Objectivity in Science -- Simultaneity and Conventionality -- The Demise of the Demarcation Problem -- Grünbaum on Determinism and the Moral Life -- The Unpredictability of Future Science -- Freud’s Early Theories of Hysteria -- Clinical Trials: The Validation of Theory and Therapy -- Reflections on the Philosophy of Bohr, Heisenberg, and Schrödinger -- Zeno’s Paradox of Measure -- Special Relativity from Measuring Rods -- Causality and Spacetime Structure in Relativity -- Calibration: A Frequency Justification for Personal Probability -- Bibliography of Adolf Grünbaum -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: To celebrate Adolf Griinbaum's sixtieth birthday by offering him this bouquet of essays written for this purpose was the happy task of an autonomous Editorial Committee: Wesley C. Salmon, Nicholas Rescher, Larry Laudan, Carl G. Hempel, and Robert S. Cohen. To present the book within the Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science was altogether fitting and natural, for Griinbaum has' been friend and supporter of philosophy of science at Boston University for twenty-five years, and unofficial godfather to the Boston Colloquium. To regret that we could not include contributions from all his well-wishers, critical admirers and admiring critics, is only to regret that we did not have an encyclopedic space at the committee's disposal. But we, and all involved in this book, speak for all the others in the philo­ sophical, scientific, and personal worlds of Adolf Griinbaum in greeting him on May 15, 1983, with our wishes for his health, his scholarship, his happiness. Our gratitude is due to Carolyn Fawcett for her care and accuracy in editing this book, and for the preparation of the Index; and to Elizabeth McMunn for her help again and again, especially in preparation of the Bibliography of the Published Writings of Adolf Griinbaum; and to Thelma Griinbaum for encouraging, planning, and cheering. Boston University R.S.C. Center for the Philosophy and History of Science M.W.W.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400970373
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 75
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 75
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: I. The Problem of Forms and the Philosophy of the Sciences -- The Possibility of Science and the Fact of Science -- Perception and Science -- Linguistic Expression and Scientific Forms -- Coordination and Subordination of Forms -- A ‘Ptolemaic’ Revolution -- II. Language as a Vehicle of Information -- Rhetoric and Contents -- Epistemology, Genetic Psychology and Axiomatization -- Critique of the Notion of ‘Grouping’ as a Form of Logical Thought -- Ordinary Language and Formalized Language -- Pure Informational Language -- Semantics and Syntax -- III. Scientific Languages and Formalisms -- The ‘Mixed’ Language of Science -- The Formation of the Language of Chemistry -- Reversal of the Relations between Oral Language and Writing -- Multi-Dimensionality and Spatiality of Signs -- Semantic Polyvalence -- IV. The Découpage of Phenomena -- The Myth and the Concept -- Experienced Meanings and Scientific Objects -- Organized Practice, the Cultural Environment of the Concept -- An Example of Structural Objectivation: the ‘Wager’ -- Two Apparently Opposed Movements: ‘Formalist’ Découpage and ‘Operational’ Découpage -- The Saussurian Reduction -- The Phonological Découpage -- Hierarchy of Phonological Structures -- Dynamics of Linguistic Structures -- ‘Language Engineering’ -- The Theory of Queues -- Theories of Learning [apprentissage] as Dynamic Games -- V. Quality and Quantity -- Quality of the Object and Quality of the lived Experience [vécu] -- Difference and Similarity -- Qualitative Responses and Information -- Probability of Response, and Division into Latent Classes -- Scaling Structure -- Search for a Metric -- The Interpretation of ‘Principal Components.’ Return to Structural Organization -- The General Theme of Linear Structures -- Disorder and Order -- Qassifications -- Linear Structures, Vectorial Spaces -- The Random Schemata -- Conclusion: Dialectic of Quality and Axiomatization -- VI. Structuring and Axiomatizing -- ‘Energetic’ Models and ‘Cybernetic’ Models -- Causality in the Models -- Meanings and Functions of Axiomatization in Mathematics -- Axiomatization in the Natural Sciences -- Axiomatization in the Sciences of Man -- The Evaluative Structure of Random Situations -- The Definition of a Norm of Decision -- Conclusions: Consciousness and Concept -- VII. The Understanding of the Individual -- The Clinical Situation and Structures in Psychoanalysis -- Diachronic and Synchronic: Personalities as Informational Systems -- Practice as Art and the Individual -- Individual and Alienation -- History as a Clinical Undertaking without Practice -- History and the Present -- Individual and Field -- Conclusions -- Postface to the English Edition (1982) -- Notes -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: system reflected in Saussure's linguistic theory, and so influential in the great progress linguistic theory has made in this century. Indeed, Granger sees linguistic theory as expressing a paradigm for scientific theorizing, which research in other social sciences should adopt. But 'structuralism' as a method in science does not, in Granger's view, begin with Saussure and the linguists. It is nothing less than the strategy of all the sciences, both natural and social, since their beginnings. Now, 'structuralism' is a 'trendy' term no less in Anglophone methodology than in Francophone philosophy. But Granger's employment of the term is not to be assimilated to this trend, nor to the fashionable excesses for which this expression has been a watch­ word (he explicitly separates himself from this movement in the preface to the second edition). The exact nature of what Granger calls 'structuralist' methods is the subject of a large part of this work, and I will not dwell on it much further in this introduction. Suffice it to say that Granger's demand for structuralist description is nothing less than the recognition that the successful pursuit of science requires that its terms and predicates pick out what we may call 'natural kinds'; that is, describe classes of items that bear uniform nomolog­ ical relations to one another. A science whose descriptive terms do not meet this condition will never produce any laws that reflect such nomological connections.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 50
    ISBN: 9789400969759
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (604p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 15
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Inaugural Essay -- The Moral Sense: A Discourse on the Phenomenological Foundation of the Social World and of Ethics -- I Phenomenology in an Interdisciplinary Communication with the Human Sciences: Questions of the Method -- A. The Phenomenological Challenge in Sociology -- Phenomenological Methods in Sociological Research -- On the Meaning of ‘Adequacy’ in the Sociology of Alfred Schutz -- Contribution to the Debate: On the Phenomenological Challenge in Sociology -- Twentieth-century Realism and the Autonomy of the Human Sciences: The Case of George Santayana -- Method in Integrative Transformism -- Methodological Neutrality in Pragmatism and Phenomenology -- Contribution to the Debate: Heidegger on Rhetoric -- B. Human Being, World, Cognition -- The Problem of Reality as Seen from the Viewpoint of Existential Phenomenology -- Heidegger’s Transcendental-Phenomenological “Justification” of Science -- Contribution to the Debate: Heidegger’s Theory of Authentic Discourse -- A Descriptive Science of the Pretheoretical World: A Husserlian Theme in Its Historical Context -- Darwin’s Phenomenological Embarrassment and Freud’s Solution -- Contribution to the Debate: Phenomenology and Empiricism -- The Relationship of Theory and Emancipation in Husserl and Habermas -- Contribution to the Debate: Professor Wallulis on Theory and Emancipation -- C. Some Issues for Phenomenology in Epistemology and Philosophy of Religion -- The Reductions and Existence: Bases for Epistemology -- Intersubjectivity and Accessibility -- Once More into the Lion’s Mouth: Another Look at van der Leeuw’s Phenomenology of Religion -- II The Foundations of Morality and the Human Sciences -- A. Foundations of Morality and Nature -- Aground on the Ground of Values: Friedrich Nietzsche -- Man as the Focal Point of Human Science -- On Biologicized Ethics: A Critique of the Biological Approach to the Human Sciences -- B. Foundations of Morality and the Life-World -- The Foundations of Morality and the Human Sciences -- Value and Ideology -- Schutz’s Thesis and the Moral Basis for Humanistic Sociology -- The Moral Crisis of Explanation in the Social Sciences -- C. Science and Morality -- Medicine and the Moral Basis of the Human Sciences -- Heidegger’s Existential Conception of Science -- Philosophy and Psychology Confronted with the Need for a Moral Significance of Life -- Contribution to the Debate: Scientific Psychology and Moral Philosophy in the Knowledge of Human Nature: Two Lines of Research -- Contribution to the Debate: Some Remarks on the Role of Psychology in Man’s Ethical World View -- Emotion and the Good in Moral Development -- The Genesis of Moral Judgment -- D. Morality: From Life-Experience to Moral Concepts -- Surrender to Morality as the Morality of Surrender -- The Socio-philosophical Conception of Kurt H. Wolff -- On Purpose, Obligation, and Transcendental Semantics -- III Phenomenology and the Human Sciences in a Common Approach to “Human Rights” -- Le Primat du théorique à l’égard du normatif chez Husserl -- La Intersubjetividad absoluta en Husserl y el ideal de una sociedad racional -- On Some Contributions of Existential Phenomenology to Sociology of Law: Formalism and Historicism -- Rights, Responsibilities, and Existentialist Ethics -- Elementos para una teoria de la transubjetividad – A la fenomenología de los derechos humanos -- The Person, Basis for Human Rights -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The essays in this volume constitute a portion of the research program being carried out by the International Society for Phenomenology and the Human Sciences. Established as an affiliate society of the World Institute for Ad­ vanced Phenomenological Research and Learning in 1976, in Arezzo, Italy, by the president of the Institute, Dr Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, this particular society is devoted to an exploration of the relevance of phenomenological methods and insights for an understanding of the origins and goals of the specialised human sciences. The essays printed in the first part of the book were originally presented at the Second Congress of this society held at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 12-14 July 1979. The second part of the volume consists of selected essays from the third convention (the Eleventh International Congress of Phenomenology of the World Phenomen­ ology Institute) held in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1981. With the third part of this book we pass into the "Human Rights" issue as treated by the World Phenomenology Institute at the Interamerican Philosophy Congress held in Tallahassee, Florida, also in 1981. The volume opens with a mono­ graph by Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka on the foundations of ethics in the moral practice within the life-world and the social world shown as clearly distinct. The main ideas of this work had been presented by Tymieniecka as lead lectures to the three conferences giving them a tight research-project con­ sistency.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400971783
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 82
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 82
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Particles or Events? -- Commentary on ‘Particles or Events?’ -- Time Symmetry and Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics -- Is Physical Space Unique or Optional? -- Theory Reduction: A Question of Fact or or a Question of Value? -- Cosmology and Verifiability -- Galileo and the Phenomena: On Making the Evidence Visible -- Quantum Theory of Measurement: A Non-Quantum Mechanical Approach -- Protophysics of Time and the Principle of Relativity -- Commentary on ‘Protophysics of Time and the Principle of Relativity’ -- Temporality and the Structure of Physics as Human Endeavor -- Commentary on ‘Temporality and the Structure of Physics as Human Endeavor’ -- The Unity of Nature -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: These essays on the conceptual understanding of modern physics strike directly at some of the principal difficulties faced by contemporary philos­ ophers of physical science. Moreover, they reverberate to earlier and classical struggles with those difficulties. Each of these essays may be seen as both a commentary on our predecessors and an original analytic interpretation. They come from work of the past decade, most from meetings of the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science, and they demonstrate again how problematic the fundamentals of our understanding of nature still are. The themes will seem to be familiar but the variations are not only ingenious but also stimulating, in some ways counterpoint. And so once again we are confronted with issues of space and time, irreversibility and measurement, matter and process, hypothetical reality and verifiability, explanation and reduction, phenomenal base and sophisticated theory, unified science and the unity of nature, and the limits of conventionalism. We are grateful for the cooperation of our contributors, and in particular for the agreement of George Ellis and C. F. von Weizsiicker to allow us to use previously published papers.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 52
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400965812
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (458p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 158
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Mathematics ; Science Philosophy ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Probabilities. ; System theory. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical physics.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introductory Remarks -- 2. Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics, I (1957) -- 3. Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics, II (1957) -- 4. Brandeis Lectures (1963) -- 5. Gibbs vs Boltzmann Entropies (1965) -- 6. Delaware Lecture (1967) -- 7. Prior Probabilities (1968) -- 8. The Well-Posed Problem (1973) -- 9. Confidence Intervals vs Bayesian Intervals (1976) -- 10. Where Do We Stand on Maximum Entropy? (1978) -- 11. Concentration of Distributions at Entropy Maxima (1979) -- 12. Marginalization and Prior Probabilities (1980) -- 13. What is the Question? (1981) -- 14. The Minimum Entropy Production Principle (1980) -- Supplementary Bibliography.
    Kurzfassung: The first six chapters of this volume present the author's 'predictive' or information theoretic' approach to statistical mechanics, in which the basic probability distributions over microstates are obtained as distributions of maximum entropy (Le. , as distributions that are most non-committal with regard to missing information among all those satisfying the macroscopically given constraints). There is then no need to make additional assumptions of ergodicity or metric transitivity; the theory proceeds entirely by inference from macroscopic measurements and the underlying dynamical assumptions. Moreover, the method of maximizing the entropy is completely general and applies, in particular, to irreversible processes as well as to reversible ones. The next three chapters provide a broader framework - at once Bayesian and objective - for maximum entropy inference. The basic principles of inference, including the usual axioms of probability, are seen to rest on nothing more than requirements of consistency, above all, the requirement that in two problems where we have the same information we must assign the same probabilities. Thus, statistical mechanics is viewed as a branch of a general theory of inference, and the latter as an extension of the ordinary logic of consistency. Those who are familiar with the literature of statistics and statistical mechanics will recognize in both of these steps a genuine 'scientific revolution' - a complete reversal of earlier conceptions - and one of no small significance.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 53
    ISBN: 9789400970809
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 77
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 77
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Authors’ Introduction -- I. Case Studies -- Summary of Contributions -- Agricultural Chemistry. The Origin and Structure of a Finalized Science -- Autonomization and Finalization: A Comparison of Fermentation Research and Fluid Mechanics -- Cancer Research. A Study of Praxis-Related Theoretical Developments in Chemistry, the Biosciences and Medicine -- II. Theoretical Considerations -- Summary of Contributions -- Finalization Revisited -- The Scientification of Technology -- Normative Finalization -- III. Prospects -- Summary of Contributions -- Science in a Crisis of Legitimation -- Towards a Social Science of Nature -- Introductory Note -- The Finalization Debate: A Reply to our Critics. With a Bibliography of the Finalization Discussion and Debate -- Bibliography of the Finalization Discussion and Debate -- I. The anti-finalization campaign and debate in the media -- III. Contributions to the academic finalization discussion and debate -- Notes on Authors -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: These essays on Finalization in Science - The Social Orientation of Scientific Progress comprise a remarkable, problematic and controversial book. The authors propose a thesis about the social direction of scientific research which was the occasion of a lively and often bitter debate in Germany from 1976 to 1982. Their provocative thesis, briefly, is this: that modern science converges, historically, to the development of a number of 'closed theories', i. e. stable and relatively completed sciences, no longer to be improved by small changes but only by major changes in an entire theoretical structure. Further: that at such a stage of 'mature theory', the formerly viable norm of intra-scientific autonomy may appropriately be replaced by the social direction' of further scientific research (within such a 'mature' field) for socially relevant or, we may bluntly say, 'task-oriented' purposes. This is nothing less than a theory for the planning and social directing of science, under certain specific conditions. Understandably, it raised the sharp objections that such an approach would subordinate scientific inquiry as a free and untrammeled search for truth to the dictates of social relevance and dominant interests, even possibly to dictation and control for particularistic social and political interests.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400969667
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 157
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Absolute versus Relative Space and Time -- Three Steps Towards Absolutism -- Reply to Mackie -- Absoluteness and Conspiracy -- Time And Causal Connectibility -- Prospects for a Causal Theory of Space-Time -- Verificationism and Theories of Space-Time -- Temporal and Causal Asymmetry -- Temporal and Causal Asymmetry -- Temporal and Causal Asymmetry -- Causality And Quantum Mechanics -- How the Measurement Problem Is an Artifact of the Mathematics -- Measurement, Unitarity, and Laws -- Causality, Relativity, and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox -- Nonlocality and Peaceful Coexistence -- Quantum Logic and Ensembles -- Notes On Contributors -- Index Of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The Royal Institute of Philosophy has been sponsoring conferences in alter­ nate years since 1969. These have from the start been intended to be of interest to persons who are not philosophers by profession. They have mainly focused on interdisciplinary areas such as the philosophies of psychology, education and the social sciences. The volumes arising from these conferences have included discussions between philosophers and distinguished practitioners of other disciplines relevant to the chosen topic. Beginning with the 1979 conference on 'Law, Morality and Rights' and the 1981 conference on 'Space, Time and Causality' these volumes are now constituted as a series. It is hoped that this series will contribute to advancing philosophical understanding at the frontiers of philosophy and areas of interest to non-philosophers. It is hoped that it will do so by writing which reduces technicalities as much as the subject-matter permits. In this way the series is intended to demonstrate that philosophy can be clear and worthwhile in itself and at the same time relevant to the interests of lay people.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 55
    ISBN: 9789400969698
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (508p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 14
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Anthropology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I The Phenomenology of Man in Interdisciplinary Communication -- Inaugural Essay -- Can Fictional Narratives Be True? -- The Phenomenology of Man and of the Human Condition in Communication with the Human Sciences -- On the Impact of the Human Sciences on Our Conception of Man and Society -- The Question of the Unity of the Human Sciences Revisited -- ‘Cognition and Work’ -- Scheler’s Shadow on Us -- II Nature Retrieved -- Inaugural Essay -- Natural Spontaneity in the Translating Continuity of Beingness -- 1. Nature and the Expanding Self -- Transcendence and Evil -- Nature and Man in Edmund Husserl’s ‘Inner Historiography’ -- Man and Nature: Bearings, Resources -- The Relation between Man and World: A Transcendental-Anthropological Problem -- Les antitheses de la communication et leur influence sur l’etiologie des maladies -- 2. Nature, Life, World, Culture -- Life and Culture in the Analysis of the Relationship between Man and Nature -- La realisation du projet Husserlien de “monde naturel” selon Jan PatoSka -- Man-in-Nature as a Phenomenological Datum -- Nature and Man -- Humanity, Nature, and Respect for Law -- The Immersion in Transcendence of Man from Nature -- 3. Nature and Mimesis -- Le retrait de la metaphore -- Nature and Human Nature in Literary Contexts -- Creative Consciousness and the Natural World in Virginia Woolf’s The Waves -- Nature and Feeling: The Constitutive and the Subjective -- III Man, Nature and The Possible Worlds -- The Phenomenological Conception of the Possible Worlds and the Creative Function of Man -- Creativity and the Method of the Sciences: A Problematic Issue in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- Husserl and the Logic of Questions -- The Challenge of Philosophical Anthropology -- Back to Nature Itself! -- La connaissance du monde de l’art -- Annex Documents Illustrating the History of The World Phenomenology Institute and of Its Three International Societies: The International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society, The International Society for Phenomenology and Literature, The International Society for Phenomenology and the Human Sciences, and of The Boston Forum for the Interdisciplinary Phenomenology of Man, during the first decade of their research work (1968–1978) -- Index of Names.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 56
    ISBN: 9789400969957
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 16
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: 1. The Lost Wanderers of Descartes and the Auxiliary Motive (On The Psychology of Decision) (1913) -- 2. On The Classification of Systems of Hypotheses (With Special Reference to Optics) (1916) -- 3. Ways of the Scientific World-Conception (1930) -- 4. Physicalism: The Philosophy of the Viennese Circle (1931) -- 5. Physicalism (1931) -- 6. Sociology in the Framework of Physicalism (1931) -- 7. Protocol Statements (1932) -- 8. Radical Physicalism and the ‘Real World’ (1934) -- 9. The Unity of Science as a Task (1935) -- 10. Pseudorationalism of Falsification (1935) -- 11. Individual Sciences, Unified Science, Pseudorationalism (1936) -- 12. An International Encyclopedia of Unified Science (1936) -- 13. Encyclopedia as ‘Model’ (1936) -- 14. Physicalism and the Investigation of Knowledge (1936) -- 15. Unified Science and Its Encyclopedia (1937) -- 16. The Concept of ‘Type’ in the Light of Modern Logic (1937) -- 17. The New Encyclopedia of Scientific Empiricism (1937) -- 18. The Departmentalization of Unified Science (1937) -- 19. Comments on the Papers by Black, Kokoszy?ska, Williams (1937) -- 20. The Social Sciences and Unified Science (1939) -- 21. Universal Jargon and Terminology (1941) -- 22. The Orchestration of the Sciences by the Encyclopedism of Logical Empiricism (1946) -- 23. Prediction and Induction (1946) -- 24. Bibliographies -- A. Bibliography of Works Cited -- B. Supplementary List of Works by Otto Neurath [See ‘List’, Which Is Chapter 12 of Empiricism and Sociology, 1973] -- C. Neurath in English -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The philosophical writings of Otto Neurath, and their central themes, have been described many times, by Carnap in his authobiographical essay, by Ayer and Morris and Kraft decades ago, by Haller and Hegselmann and Nemeth and others in recent years. How extraordinary Neurath's insights were, even when they perhaps were more to be seen as conjectures, aperfus, philosophical hypotheses, tools to be taken up and used in the practical workshop of life; and how prescient he was. A few examples may be helpful: (1) Neurath's 1912 lecture on the conceptual critique of the idea of a pleasure maximum [ON 50] substantially anticipates the development of aspects of analytical ethics in mid-century. (2) Neurath's 1915 paper on alternative hypotheses, and systems of hypotheses, within the science of physical optics [ON 81] gives a lucid account of the historically-developed clashing theories of light, their un­ realized further possibilities, and the implied contingencies of theory survival in science, all within his framework that antedates not only the quite similar work of Kuhn so many years later but also of the Vienna Circle too. (3) Neurath's subsequent paper of 1916 investigates the inadequacies of various attempts to classify systems of hypotheses [ON 82, and this volume], and sets forth a pioneering conception of the metatheoretical task of scientific philosophy.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 57
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400970328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 16
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Psychiatry ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Inaugural Essay -- From Husserl’s Formulation of the Soul—Body Issue to a New Differentiation of Human Faculties -- I The Problem of Embodiment at the Heart of Phenomenology -- The Singularity and Plurality of the Viewpoint in Husserl’s Transcendental Phenomenology -- Das Problem der Leiblichkeit in der phänomenologischen Bewegung -- Seele und Leib in der kategorialen und in der originären Perspektive -- L’oeil de la chair -- II The Recurrent Question of Dualism -- Husserl and the Problem of Dualism -- “Seeing” and “Touching”, or, Overcoming the Soul—Body Dualism -- The Relativity of the Soul and the Absolute State of the Pure Ego -- The Significance of the Transcendental Ego for the Problem of Body and Soul in Husserlian Phenomenology -- Body—Soul—Consciousness Integration -- III The Soul—Body Territory -- Natural Man and His Soul -- Finitude as Clue to Embodiment -- Topoï of the Body and the Soul in Husserlian Phenomenology -- Husserls Sicht des Leib-Seele Problems -- The Ego-Body Subject and the Stream of Experience in Husserl -- Lived Experience of One’s Body within One’s Own Experience -- IV Soul and Body in Phenomenological Psychiatry -- Living Body, Flesh, and Everyday Body: A Clinical-Noematic Report -- The Experience of Sexual Leib in the Toxico-maniac: Phenomenological Premises -- Kinesthesias and Horizons In Psychosis -- Self-acceptance: The Way of Living with One’s Body in Obesity and Mental Anorexia -- V The Place of the Spirit within the Soul—Body Issue -- Body, Spirit and Ego in Husserl’s Ideas II -- Die Bedeutung des Gewissens für eine leibhafte Verwirklichung von Sittlichkeit -- Value Ethics and Experience -- The Significance of Death for the Experience of Body and World in Human Existence -- La transfiguration du corps dans la phénoménologie de la religion -- VI The Horizon of Nature and Being -- Merleau-Ponty’s Conception of Nature -- Merleau-Ponty’s Ontology Of the Wild Being -- Imagination and the Soul—Body Problem in Arabic Philosophy -- VII Husserl and the History of Philosophy -- Monism in Spinoza’s and Husserl’s Thought -- Husserl’s Berkeley -- Annex -- The Opening Address of the Salzburg Conference -- Index of Names.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 58
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400977969
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (384p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 501
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Ecology
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Background and Some Current Problems of Theoretical EcologyA Succession of Paradigms in Ecology: Essentialism to Materialism and Probabilism -- A Note on Simberloff’s ‘Succession of Paradigms in Ecology’ -- Dialectics and Reductionism in Ecology -- Reply -- Reductionistic Research Strategies and Their Biases in the Units of Selection Controversy -- Ecology - A Mixture of Pattern and Probabilism -- Useful Concepts for Predictive Ecology -- The Domain of Laboratory Ecology -- Null Hypotheses in Ecology -- The Role of Theoretical Concepts in Understanding the Ecological Theatre: A Case Study on Island Biogeography -- Randomness and Perceived-Randomness in Evolutionary Biology -- Why Misunderstand the Evolutionary Half of Biology? -- Natural Kinds, Natural History and Ecology -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401099400
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (500p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: International Institute of Philosophy / Institut International de Philosophie 2
    Serie: Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey 2
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Contents/Table des matières -- The Erklären-Verstehen controversy in the philosophy of the natural and human sciences -- Causation and teleology in contemporary philosophy of science -- Paradigms -- Rationality -- The revival of causality -- Statistical explanation -- Simulation and self-organization of mind -- Philosophy of quantum mechanics -- Some central problems in the philosophy of space and time -- Philosophy and biology -- Issues relating to the meaning of psychology as a science -- The right not to be hungry -- Philosophy of technology -- Le structuralisme français -- Hermeneutics -- Abbreviations used by some contributors -- Index of names -- Index of subjects.
    Kurzfassung: The present publication is a continuation of two earlier series of chronicles, Philosophy in the Mid-Century (Firenze 1958/59) and Contemporary Philosophy (Firenze 1968), edited by Raymond Klibansky. As with the earlier series the present chronicles purport to give a survey of significant trends in contemporary philosophi­ cal discussion. The time space covered by the present series is (approximately) 1966-1978. The need for such surveys has, I believe, increased rather than decreased over the last years. The philosophical scene appears, for various reasons, more complex than ever before. The continuing process of specialization in most branches, the emergence of new schools of thought, particularly in philosophical logic and the philosophy of language, the convergence of interest (though not necessarily of opinion) of different traditions upon certain prob­ lems, and the increasing attention being paid to the history of philosophy in discussions of contemporary problems are the most important contributory factors. Surveys of the present kind are a valuable source of knowledge of this complexity and may as such be of assistance in renewing the understanding of one's own philosophical problems. The surveys, it is to be hoped, may also help to strengthen the Socratic element of modern philosophy, the dialogue or Kommunikationsgemeinschaft. So far, four volumes have been prepared for the new series. The present chronicles in Philosophy of Science (Vol. 2) follow the chronicles in the Philosophy of Language and Philosophical Logic (Vol.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977150
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in the History of Modern Science 9
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: Some Issues of Newtonian Historiography -- The Principia, Universal Gravitation, and the “Newtonian Style”, in relation to the Newtonian Revolution in Science: Notes on the Occasion of the 250th Anniversary of Newton’s Death -- Newton the Mathematician -- Newton’s Theological Manuscripts -- Space, Infinity, and Indivisibility: Newton on the Creation of Matter -- Newton on Electricity and the Aether -- The System of Locke and Newton.
    Kurzfassung: them in his cheat-preface to Copernicus De Revolutionibus, but the main change in their import has been that whereas Osiander defended Copernicus, Mach and Duhem defended science. The modem conception of hypothetico­ deductive science is, again, geared to defend the respectability of science in much the same way: the physical interpretation, it says, is merely and always hypothetical, and so the scientist is never really committed to it. Hence, when science sheds the physical interpretation off its mathematical skeleton as time and refutation catch up with it, the scientist is not really caught in error, for he never was committed to this interpretation in the first place. This is the apologetic essence of present day, Popper-like, versions of the idea of science as a mathematical-core-cum-interpretational shell. This is also Cohen's view, for it aims to free Newton of any existential commitment to which his theory might allegedly commit him. It will be readily seen that Cohen regards this methodological distinction between mathematics and physics to be the backbone of the Newtonian revolution in science (which is, in its tum, the climax of the whole Scientific Revolution) for a very clear reason: it enables us to argue that Newton could use freely the new concept of centripetal force, even though he did not be­ lieve in physical action at a distance and could not conceive how such a force could act to produce its effects". ([3] pp.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 61
    ISBN: 9789400978881
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (353p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Collection des Travaux de L’Académie Internationale D’Histoire des Sciences No 30 24
    Serie: Synthese Historical Library 24
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I/Of the Principles of Human Knowledge -- II/Of the Principles of Material Objects -- III/Of the Visible Universe -- IV/Of the Earth -- Plates -- Index of Persons and Works -- Index of Subjects and Terms.
    Kurzfassung: Descartes's Principles 0. / Philosophy is his longest and most ambitious work; it is the only work in which he attempted to actually deduce scientific knowledge from Cartesian metaphysics, as he repeatedly claimed was possible. Whatever the success of this attempt, there can be no doubt that it was enormously influential. Cartesian celestial mechanics held sway for well over a century, and some of the best minds of that period, including Leibniz, Malebranche, Euler, and the Bernoullis, attempted to modify and quantify the Cartesian theory of vortices into an acceptable alternative to Newton's theory of universal gravitation. Thus, the Principles is not only of inherent and historical interest philosophically but is also a seminal document in the history of science and of 17th Century thought. Principles of Philosophy was first published in Latin, in 1644. In 1647, a French translation, done by the Abbe Claude Picot and containing a great deal of additional material and a number of alterations in the original text, was published with Descartes's enthusiastic approval. Unlike some English translations of portions of the Principles, this translation uses the Latin text as its primary source; however, a good deal of additional material from Picot's translation has been included. There are several reasons for this. First, there is good evidence that Descartes himself was responsible for some of the additional material, including, of course, the Preface to the French translation.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977020
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 31
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 31
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Scales of Measurement -- Some Logical Problems Suggested by Empirical Theories -- Comments on ‘Some Logical Problems Suggested by Empirical Theories’ by Professor Dalla Chaiara -- A Methodology without Methodological Rules -- Truth, Fallibility and the Growth of Knowledge -- Fallible Is as Fallible Does: Comments on Professor Levi’s Paper -- Knowledge in Pursuit of Knowledge — A Few Worries: Comments on Professor Levi’s Paper -- Response to Scheffler -- Response to Margalit -- Rejoinder to Levi’s Reply -- A Category-Theoric Approach to Systems in a Fuzzy World -- Natural Languages and Formal Languages and Formal Languages: A Tenable Dualism -- The Problem of Vague Predicates -- Peirce and Pearson: Pragmatism vs. Instrumentalism -- Theory of Propensity: A New Foundation of Logic -- Gödel’s Theorems and Church’s Thesis: A Prologue to mechanism -- The Non-traditional Theory of Quantifiers -- Dialogue: How Do We Know What Others Mean and Why? -- Towards a Richer Theory of Dialogue: Comments of Professor Rivetti Barbòs Paper -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: Fundamental problems of the uses of formal techniques and of natural and instrumental practices have been raised again and again these past two decades, in many quarters and from varying viewpoints. We have brought a number of quite basic studies of these issues together in this volume, not linked con­ ceptually nor by any rigorously defined problematic, but rather simply some of the most interesting and even provocative of recent research accomplish­ ments. Most of these papers are derived from the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science during 1973-80, the two exceptions being those of Karel Berka (on scales of measurement) and A. A. Zinov'ev (on a non-tradi­ tional theory of quantifiers). Just how intriguing these results (or conjectures?) seem to us may be seen from some brief quotations: (1) Judson Webb: " . . . . the abstract machine concept has many of the appropriate kinds of properties for modelling living, reproducing, rule­ following, self-reflecting, accident-prone, and lucky creatures . . . the a priori logical results relevant to the abstract machine concept, above all Godel's, could not conceivably have turned out any better for the mechanist. " (2) M. L. Dalla Chiara: " . . . modal interpretation (of quantum logic) shows clearly that it possesses a logical meaning which is quite independent of quantum mechanics. " (3) Isaac Levi: (as against Peirce and Popper) " . . . infallibilism is con­ sistent with corrigibilism, and a view which respects avoidance of error is an important desideratum for science.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977051
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 68
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 68
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: I. General Methodological Problems -- Reflections on Science and Rationality -- The Epistemological and Methodological Sense of the Concept of Rationality -- On Two Kinds of Conventionalism with Respect to Empirical Sciences -- Realism and Instrumentalism: On A Priori Conditions of Science -- Once More about Empirical Support -- The Context of Discovery and the Context of Justification: A Reappraisal -- Continuity and Anticumulative Changes in the Growth of Science -- Some Remarks in Defense of the Incommensurability Thesis -- Marxism and the Controversy over the Development of Science -- Are there Definitively Falsifying Procedures in Science? -- The Pluralistic Approach to Empirical Testing and the Special Forms of Experiment -- Dialectical Correspondence and Essential Truth -- Testing Idealizational Laws -- Practical Idealization -- II. Formal Analysis -- An Interpretation of a Concept in Science by a Set of Operational Procedures -- A Formal Definition of the Concept of Simplicity -- Characteristics of Additive Quantities -- III. Ontological Problems -- On the Concept of Matter -- Time Separation -- Four Conceptions of Causation -- IV. Philosophy of Mathematics and Information Theory -- On the Philosophy of Mathematics -- Information, Regulation, Negentropy -- Information and Signal -- V. Philosophy of Physics -- Principles of Physics as Meta-laws -- Structural Laws in Physics -- Controversial Problems of the Probabilistic Interpretation of Quantum Phenomena -- Quantum Mechanics and the Structure of Physical Theories -- Difficulties with the Reduction of Classical to Relativistic Mechanics -- VI. Philosophy of Biology and Linguistics -- Genetic and Historical Explanation in Biology -- The Idealizational Status of Theoretical Biology -- Chomsky’s Inconsistencies in his Critique of Evolutionary Conceptions of Language -- VII. Other Papers -- The Problem of the Chemical Organization of Matter in the Light of a Closed Development Model -- An Outline of a Simulation Model of Science as a Part of the Model of Action -- The Notion of Technological Research and its Place among other Informational Activities -- Difficulties with Absolutism: The Case of Von Weizsäcker’s Philosophy -- Bibliographies -- Abbreviations used in the Bibliographies -- Bibliography of Polish Philosophy of Natural Science -- Bibliography of Non-Polish Authors Cited -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400978287
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 72
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 72
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- 2. Measurement -- 2.1. The Explication of the Concept of Measurement -- 2.2. The Definition of the Concept of Measurement -- 2.3. The Subject Matter, Function and Scope of Measurement -- 3. Magnitudes -- 3.1. Quantities, Magnitudes, Numbers: A Historical Excursion -- 3.2. Quantities and Magnitudes -- 3.3. The Object of Measurement -- 3.4. Measurement Units, Naming and Dimension -- 3.5. The Classification of Magnitudes -- 4. Scales -- 4.1. The Concept of a Scale -- 4.2. The Origin of a Scale -- 4.3. Distance -- 5. Quantification -- 5.1. Scaling -- 5.2. Counting -- 6. Theory of Measurement -- 6.1. Representation Theories of Measurement -- 6.2. Kinds of Measurement -- 6.3. Metrization -- 6.4. The Representation Theorem -- 7. Theory of Scales -- 7.1. The Classification of Scale Types -- 7.2. Scale Transformations and the Uniqueness Theorem -- 8. Methodological Problems of Measurement -- 8.1. Axiomatization of the Systems of Measurement -- 8.2. Empirical Relations and Operations -- 8.3. The Precision of Measurement -- 8.4. Meaningfulness, Validity and Reliability -- 9. Philosophical Problems of Measurement -- 9.1. Materialist Foundations of Measurement -- 9.2. The Possibilities and Limits of Measurement -- Notes -- Index of Personal Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: For many years, Karel Berka has worked at some of the central problems of the theory of the sciences. At once a logician, a mathematician, a careful student of the physical sciences and the social sciences, and a sharp but sympathetic critic of the major philosophies of science in this century, Berka brings to this treatise on measurement both his technical mastery and his historical sensitivity. We appreciate his careful analysis of his predecessors, notably Helmholtz, Campbell, Holder, Bridgman, Camap, Hempel, and Stevens, and of his contemporaries such as Brian Ellis and also Patrick Suppes and J. L. Zinnes. The issues to be clarified are familiar but still troubling: how to justify the conceptual transition from classification to a metric; how to explore ways to provide a quantitative understanding of a qualitative concept; indeed how to understand, and thereby control, the Galilean enthusiasm "to measure what is measurable and to try to render measurable what is not so as yet".
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400979048
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (188p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 159
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I Retrocausation and the Necessity of the Past -- II Retrocausation and Tachyons -- III Indeterminism -- IV Indeterminism and the Special Theory of Relativity -- V The Objectivity of the Distinction between Past, Present and Future -- VI Temporal Order and the Causal Theory of Time -- VII Temporal Asymmetry -- VIII Reference and Identity over Time -- IX A Modal Logic with Temporal Variables -- X General Questions -- Author Index -- Word Index.
    Kurzfassung: This book is intended as an exposition of a particular theory of time in the sense of an interrelated set of attempted solutions to philosophical problems about it. Generally speaking there are two views about time held by philosophers and some scientists interested in philosophical issues. The first called the A-theory (after McTaggart's expression A-determinations for the properties of being past, present or future) is often thought to be closer to our commonsense view of time or to the concept of time presupposed by ordinary language. It includes at least the following theses, (a) Logic ought really to include tensed quantifiers for existence on one of its important usages means, present existence. More generally, we can't reduce all tensed locutions to tenseless ones. (b) The distinction between past, present and future is an objective one. It is not, for example, dependent on our consciousness of change; some A-theorists hold also, that the distinction, in effect, is an absolute one.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 66
    ISBN: 9789400977587
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (660p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 70
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 70
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Neurosciences ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. How Does a Brain Build a Cognitive Code? -- 2. Some Physiological and Biochemical Consequences of Psychological Postulates -- 3. Classical and Instrumental Learning by Neural Networks -- 4. Pattern Learning by Functional-Differential Neural Networks with Arbitrary Path Weights -- 5. A Neural Theory of Punishment and Avoidance. II: Quantitative Theory -- 6. A Neural Model of Attention, Reinforcement and Discrimination Learning -- 7. Neural Expectation: Cerebellar and Retinal Analogs of Cells Fired by Learnable or Unlearned Pattern Classes -- 8. Contour Enhancement, Short Term Memory, and Constancies in Reverberating Neural Networks -- 9. Biological Competition: Decision Rules, Pattern Formation, and Oscillations -- 10. Competition, Decision, and Consensus -- 11. Behavioral Contrast in Short Term Memory: Serial Binary Memory Models or Parallel Continuous Memory Models? -- 12. Adaptive Pattern Classification and Universal Recoding. I: Parallel Development and Coding of Neural Feature Detectors -- 13. A Theory of Human Memory: Self-Organization and Performance of Sensory-Motor Codes, Maps, and Plans -- List of Publications.
    Kurzfassung: the mass of experimental data from current research in psychology and physiology, Grossberg proposes and develops a non-linear mathematics as a model for specific functions of mind and brain. He finds the classic approach to the mathematical modelling of mind and brain systematically inadequate. This inadequacy, he holds, arises from the attempt to describe adaptive systems in the mathematical language of 9 physics developed to describe "stationary", i. e. non-adaptive and non-evolving systems. In place of this linear mathematics, Grossberg develops his non-linear approach. His method is at once imaginative, rigorous, and philosophically significant: it is the thought experiment. It is here that the richness of his interdisciplinary mastery, and the power of his methods, constructions and proofs, reveal themselves. The method is what C. S. Peirce characterized as the method of abduction, or of hypothetical inference in theory construction: given the output of the system as a psychological phenomenon (e. g.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 67
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977310
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 1
    Serie: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 1
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Rational Expectation and Simplicity -- Why Should Probability be the Guide of Life? -- Chance and Degrees of Belief -- Invention and Appraisal -- Einstein, light Signals and the ?-Decision -- Simultaneity and Convention in Special Relativity -- Comets, Pollen and Dreams: Some Reflections on Scientific Explanation -- Causal Inference and Causal Explanation -- Rational Belief and the Common Cause Principle -- Physical Explanation: With Reference to the Theories of Scientific Explanation of Hempel and Salmon -- Further Reflections -- Autobiographical Note -- Notes On Contributors -- Salmon Bibliography -- References -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: Only in fairly recent years has History and Philosophy of Science been recog­ nised - though not always under that name - as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour. Previously, in the Australasian region as elsewhere, those few individuals working within this broad area of inquiry found their base, both intellectually and socially, where they could. In fact, the institutionalisation of History and Philosophy of Science began comparatively early in Australia. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and '60s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia, and in New Zealand.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 68
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400979475
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 163
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Geometry ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Is the Geometry of Physical Space a Form of Pure Sensible Intuition? A Technical Reconstruction? Or a Structure of Reality? -- Relations between the Galilei-Invariant and the Lorentzinvariant Theories of Collisions -- Geometrie und Physik -- Kinematics as a Theory or Coincidences -- A Constructive-Axiomatic Approach to Physical Space and Spacetime Geometries of Constant Curvature by the Principle of Reproducibility -- Invariance and Covariance -- The Origin and Role of Invariance in Classical Kinematics -- The Significance of Physical Invariance Principles for the Measurement of Space-Time Quantities -- Outline of a Theory of System-Times -- Newton ab omni naevo vindicatus.
    Kurzfassung: In connection with the "Philosophy of Science" research program conducted by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft a colloquium was held in Munich from 18th to 20th May 1919. This covered basic structures of physical theories, the main emphasis being on the interrelation of space, time and mechanics. The present volume contains contributions and the results of the discussions. The papers are given here in the same order of presentation as at the meeting. The development of these "basic structures of physical theories" involved diverging trends arising from different starting points in philosophy and physics. In order to obtain a clear comparison between these schools of thought, it was appropriate to concentrate discussion on geometry and chronology as the common foundation of classical and quantum mechanics. As a rather simple and "Tell prepared field of study, geochronometry seemed suited to analysing these mutually exclusive positions. vii D. Mayr and G. Sussmann (eds.), Space, Time, and Mechanics, vii. Copyright © 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The editors gratefully appreciate the sponsorship of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the cooperation of the authors and publisher. It is also a pleasure to thank Frau M.-L. Grohmann and Frau I. Thies for their organisational and especially Frau B. Grund for typing and clerical work. D. MAYR G. SUSSMANN 1982 University of Munich viii INTRODUCTION The distinct positions present at the symposium may be roughly divided into three schools that differ in their philosophical interpretation of physics and their meta- .. . ~ .
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 69
    ISBN: 9789400977204
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (498p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 12
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Phenomenology ; Language and languages—Style. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Introductory Essay: Poeticanova -- Introductory Essay: Poeticanova -- I Pessimism and Optimism in the Human Condition: The Limit Situations of Existence -- The Present Tide of Pessimism in Philosophy and Letters: Agonistic literature and Cervantes’ Message -- Is the Battle with Alienation the Raison d’Être of Twentieth-Century Protagonists? -- Nihilism, Reason, and Death: Reflections on John Barth’s Floating Opera -- Beckett, Philosophy, and the Self -- Protagonist, Reader, and the Author’s Commitment -- II The Human Spirit On The Rebound -- Nature and Personal Destiny: A Turning Point in the Enterprise of Human Self-Responsibility -- Amor Fati and the Will to Power in Nietzsche -- Jorge Luis Borges—Lover of Labyrinths: A Heideggerian Critique -- Laughter in the Cathedral: Religious Affirmation and Ridicule in the Writings of D. H. Lawrence -- The Enigmatic Child in Literature -- III The Gift of Nature: Man and the Literary Work of Art -- Homecoming in Heidegger and Hebel -- Pastoral Paradoxes -- Reality and Truth in La Comédie Humaine -- Man and Nature: Does the Husserlian Analysis of Pre-Predicative Experience Shed light on the Emergence of Nature in the Work of Art? -- The Language of The Gay Science -- Santayana on Beauty -- IV Genesis of the Aesthetic Reality: Ways and Means -- Heroism and Creativity in Literature: Some Ethical and Aesthetic Aspects -- Permutation and Meaning: A Heideggerian Troisième Voie -- Criticism of Robert Magliola’s Paper -- Mythos and Logos in Plato’s Phaedo -- Sartre’s Conception of the Reader-Writer Relationship -- “Souvenir” and “Imagination” in the Works of Rousseau and Nerval -- Intuitions -- Eidetic Conception and the Analysis of Meaning in Literature -- Annex: Programs of the Conferences from Which the Papers Were Selected -- Index of Names.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 70
    ISBN: 9781489904294
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXII, 494 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Serie: Critical Issues in Social Justice
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Ethics ; Social sciences ; Personality. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology.
    Kurzfassung: 1 • Adapting to Scarcity and Change (I): Stating the Problem -- 2 • The Justice Motive in Human Relations: Some Thoughts on What We Know and Need to Know about Justice -- Basic Processes -- 3 • Theoretical Issues in the Development of Social Justice -- 4 • The Development of Justice and Self-Interest during Childhood -- 5 • Morality and the Development of Conceptions of Justice -- 6 • Social Change and the Contexts of Justice Motivation -- 7 • Retributive Justice -- 8 • The Social Psychology of Punishment Reactions -- 9 • Microjustice and Macrojustice -- Institutional Settings -- 10 • The Changing Longevity of Heterosexual Close Relationships: A Commentary and Forecast -- 11 • Giving and Receiving: Social Justice in Close Relationships -- 12 • The Exchange Process in Close Relationships: Microbehavior and Macromotives -- 13 • The Justice of Distributing Scarce and Abundant Resources -- 14 • The Allocation and Acquisition of Resources in Times of Scarcity -- 15 • Justice in “The Crunch” -- 16 • The Relationship of Economic Growth to Inequality in the Distribution of Income -- 17 • Justice Motives and Other Psychological Factors in the Development and Resolution of Disputes -- 18 • Down-to-Earth Justice: Pitfalls on the Road to Legal Decentralization -- 19 • Law as a Social Trap: Problems and Possibilities for the Future -- Endnote -- 20 • Adapting to Scarcity and Change (II): Constructive Alternatives -- Author Index.
    Kurzfassung: This volume was conceived out of the concern with what the imminent future holds for the "have" countries ... those societies, such as the United States, which are based on complex technology and a high level of energy consumption. Even the most sanguine projection includes as base minimum relatively rapid and radical change in all aspects of the society, reflecting adaptation or reactions to demands created by poten­ tial threat to the technological base, sources of energy, to the life-support system itself. Whatever the source of these threats-whether they are the result of politically endogeneous or exogeneous forces-they will elicit changes in our social institutions; changes resulting not only from attempts to adapt but also from unintended consequences of failures to adapt. One reasonable assumption is that whatever the future holds for us, we would prefer to live in a world of minimal suffering with the greatest opportunity for fulfilling the human potential. The question then becomes one of how we can provide for these goals in that scenario for the imminent future ... a world of threat, change, need to adapt, diminishing access to that which has been familiar, comfortable, needed.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 71
    Buch
    Buch
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
    ISBN: 0521236592 , 9780521136341
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: IX, 373 S , 24 cm
    DDC: 306.45
    Schlagwort(e): Science Social aspects ; Science Philosophy ; Science International cooperation
    Anmerkung: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 72
    ISBN: 3518078933
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 417 S.
    Ausgabe: 1. Aufl.
    Serie: Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft 293
    Serie: Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Einstein, Albert ; Geschichte ; Naturwissenschaft ; Philosophie ; Physics History ; Physics Philosophy ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Wissenschaftssoziologie ; Einstein, Albert 1879-1955 ; Einstein, Albert 1879-1955 ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Wissenschaftssoziologie
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400982307
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (212 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 6
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400984622
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (523p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 67
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 67
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Some Remarks on Ontology -- A Kind of Collapse in a Simple Spacetime Model -- Poetic Imagination and Economy: Ernst Mach as Theorist of Science -- Some Thoughts on the Ideal of Exactness in Science and Philosophy -- On Hypotheses and Hypotheticism -- The Influence of Heraclitus on Modern Mathematics -- Free Intuitionistic Logic: A Formal Sketch -- Some Lessons in the Sun -- Interpretative Action Constructs -- Is Realistic History of Science Possible? A Hidden Inadequacy in the New History of Science -- Physics and the Doctrine of Reductionism -- Symbolism and Chance -- A Study in Protophysics -- Materialist Foundations of Critical Rationalism -- Analytic Philosophy as the Confrontation Between Wittgensteinians and Popper -- Distrust of Reason -- Teleology Redux -- Invariance and Covariance -- Molecular Phylogenetics: Biological Parsimony and Methodological Extravagance -- Letter to Mario: The Self and Its Mind -- The Young Hegel’s Quest for a Philosophy of Science, or Pitting Kepler against Newton -- Three Kinds of Mathematical Fictionalism -- The Disastrous Effects of Experiment upon the Early Development of Thermodynamics -- Individualism and Concept Formation in the Social Sciences -- A New Theory of Intension -- The Place of Mario Bunge -- Concerning Mario Bunge -- I. Curriculum Vitae -- II. List of Publications of Mario Bunge -- III. Selected Reviews of Books by Mario Bunge -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: This volume is dedicated to Mario Bunge in honor of his sixtieth birthday. Mario Bunge is a philosopher of great repute, whose enormous output includes dozens of books in several languages, which will culminate with his Treatise on Basic Philosophy projected in seven volumes, four of which have already appeared [Reidel, I 974ff. ]. He is known for his works on research methods, the foundations of physics, biology, the social sciences, the diverse applications of mathematical methods and of systems analysis, and more. Bunge stands for exact philosophy, classical liberal social philosophy, rationalism and enlightenment. He is brave, even relentless, in his attacks on subjectivism, mentalism, and spiritualism, as well as on positivism, mechanism, and dialectics. He believes in logic and clarity, in science and open-mindedness - not as the philosopher's equivalent to the poli­ tician's rhetoric of motherhood and apple pie, but as a matter of everyday practice, as qualities to cultivate daily in our pursuit of the life worth living. Bunge's philosophy often has the quality of Columbus's egg, and he is prone to come to swift and decisive conclusions on the basis of argu­ ments which seem to him valid; he will not be perturbed by the fact that most of the advanced thinkers in the field hold different views.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 75
    ISBN: 9781468410570
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1 / Man Apart? -- 2 / Poetry and Plutonium -- 3 / Humanistic Expressions of Cycles in Nature -- 4 / Reactions to the Primordial Bond Expressed in the Humanities -- 5 / Ancient Greek Natural Philosophy: The Bridge to Science -- 6 / What is Science? -- 7 / The Global Cycles of Life -- 8 / Human Disruptions of the Global Cycles of Life -- 9 / The Social Tithe -- Reference Notes.
    Kurzfassung: Does the solution to our energy crisis depend upon the de­ velopment of coal, nuclear, solar, or some other energy source? Are we better off because science and technology have made us less vulnerable to natural catastrophes? How, in fact, do we see ourselves now in relation to our natural world? The answers to these questions lie as much within the humanities as in the sciences. Problems as seemingly unrelated as our vulnerability to OPEC oil price hikes or a smog alert in Los Angeles or Tokyo often have common, hidden causes. One of these causes is simply the way our society sees its place in nature. There are many reasons for the heavy demand for oil. Among these we vii viii I PREFACE can include desire for industrial growth, hopes for improved living standards, mobility through automobiles and rapid transportation systems, and, not least, an attempt to loosen the constraints on man imposed by nature. These constraints and man's concomitant dependence upon nature are exam­ ples of the intense and finely interwoven relationship be­ tween man and nature, a relationship that constitutes a pri­ mordial bond forged long before the era of modem technology. Similarly, man has explored this primordial bond through the humanities for all the centuries prior to our present techno­ logical age. As we will see in this exploration, the bond un­ derlies many of the environmental and technological prob­ lems we have come to label the ecological crisis.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 / Man Apart?2 / Poetry and Plutonium -- 3 / Humanistic Expressions of Cycles in Nature -- 4 / Reactions to the Primordial Bond Expressed in the Humanities -- 5 / Ancient Greek Natural Philosophy: The Bridge to Science -- 6 / What is Science? -- 7 / The Global Cycles of Life -- 8 / Human Disruptions of the Global Cycles of Life -- 9 / The Social Tithe -- Reference Notes.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 76
    ISBN: 9789401727662
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 332 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 146
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Why Do We Find the Origin of a Calculus of Probabilities in the Seventeenth Century? -- Some Remarks on the Calculus of Probability in the Eighteenth Century -- Probability and the Problem of Induction -- Probabilities and Causes: On Life Tables, Causes of Death, and Etiological Diagnoses -- From the Emergence of Probability to the Erosion of Determinism -- John Venn’s Logic of Chance -- Robert Leslie Ellis and the Frequency Theory -- Reduction as a Problem: Some Remarks on the History of Statistical Mechanics from a Philosophical Point of View -- Boltzmann’s Conception of Theory Construction: The Promotion of Pluralism, Provisionalism, and Pragmatic Realism -- The Mach-Boltzmann Controversy and Maxwell’s Views on Physical Reality -- Boltzmann, Mach and Russian Physicists of the Late Nineteenth Century -- An Example of a Theory-Frame: Equilibrium Thermodynamics -- What Have the History and Philosophy of Science to Do for One Another? -- A Comment on E. Agazzi, ‘What Have the History and Philosophy of Science to Do for One Another?’ -- Methodology and the Functional Identity of Science and Philosophy -- On Making History -- A Comment on J.D. North, ‘On Making History’ -- Reply to J.D. North, ‘On Making History’ -- Influences of Some Concepts of Biology on Progress in Philosophy -- Philosophy of Science, History of Science, and Science of Science -- Interrelations between History of Science and Philosophy of Science in Research in the Development of Technical Sciences -- From History of Science to Theory of Science: An Essay on V.I. Vernadsky’s Work (1863–1945) -- Utility versus Truth: At Least One Reflection on the Importance of the Philosophy of Science for the History of Science -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: The two volumes to which this is apreface consist of the Proceedings of the Second International Conference on History and Philosophy of Science. The Conference was organized by the Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS) under the auspices of the IUHPS, the Italian Society for Logic and Philosophy of Science, and the Domus Galilaeana of Pisa, headed by Professor Vincenzo Cappelletti. Domus Galilaeana also served as the host institution, with some help from the University of Pisa. The Conference took place in Pisa, Italy, on September 4-8, 1978. The editors of these two volumes of the Proceedings of the Pisa Conference acknowledge with gratitude the help by the different sponsoring organizations, and in the first place that by both Divisions of the IUHPS, which made the Conference possible. A special recognition is due to Professor Evandro Agazzi, President of the Italian Society for Logic and Philosophy of Science, who was co­ opted as an additional member of the Organizing Committee. This committee was otherwise identical with the Joint Commission, whose members were initially John Murdoch, John North, Arpad Szab6, Robert Butts, Jaakko Hintikka, and Vadim Sadovsky. Later, Erwin Hiebert and Lubos Novy were appointed as additional members.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400984455
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 128 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Suppl.: Rezensiert in Welten, W. P., 1924 - [Rezension von: Rescher, Nicholas, Leibniz's Metaphysics of Nature. A Group of Essays] 1983
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 18
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 18
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Leibniz on Creation and the Evaluation of Possible Worlds -- 1. Stagesetting -- 2. Mathematico-Physical Inspiration -- 3. Epistemological Implications -- 4. Leibniz as a Pioneer of the Coherence Theory of Truth -- II. The Epistemology of Inductive Reasoning in Leibniz -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Extraction of General Truths from Experience -- 3. Concluding Observations -- III. Leibniz and the Concept of a System -- 1. The Concept of a System -- 2. Leibniz as System Builder -- 3. Why System? -- 4. Cognitive vs. Ontological Systematicity -- 5. System and Infinite Complexity -- IV. Leibniz on the Infinite Analysis of Contingent Truths -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Analysis -- 3. Calculus as the Inspiration of Infinite Analysis -- 4. A Metaphysical Calculus of Perfection-Optimization -- 5. Conclusion -- V. Leibniz on Intermonadic Relations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Crucial Role of Relations in Incompossibility -- 3. The Reducibility of Relations -- 4. Relational Reducibility and Incompossibility -- 5. Reducibility Not a Logical But a Metaphysical Thesis -- 6. The Reality of Intermonadic Relations -- 7. Abstract Relations -- VI. Leibniz and the Plurality of Space-Time Frameworks -- 1. The Question of Distinct Frameworks -- 2. Spatiality: The Conception of Space as Everywhere the Same -- 3. One World, One Space -- 4. Distinct Worlds Must Have Distinct Spaces -- 5. How are Distinct Spaces Distinct? -- 6. Why Distinct Spaces? -- 7. A Superspace After All? -- 8. Cross-World Spatial Comparisons -- 9. Must the Spatial Structure of Other Worlds Be Like that of Ours? -- 10. The Important Fact That, for Leibniz, Time is Coordinate With Space -- 11. Can a Possible World Lack Spatiotemporal Structure? -- VII. The Contributions of the Paris Period (1672–76) to Leibniz’s Metaphysics -- 1. Overview of Cardinal Theses of Leibniz’s Metaphysics -- 2. A Missing Piece -- 3. Conclusion -- Appendix: Rescher on Leibniz, with Bibliography -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The essays included in this volume are a mixture of old and new. Three of them make their first appearance in print on this occa­ sion (Nos III, IV, and V). The remaining four are based upon materials previously published in learned journals or anthologies. (However, these previously published papers have been revised and, generally, expanded for inclusion here.) Detailed acknowl­ edgement of prior publications is made in the notes to the relevant articles. I am grateful to the editors of these several publications for their kind permission to use this material. I am grateful to an anonymous reader for the Western Ontario Series for some useful corrigenda. And I should like to thank John Horty and Lily Knezevich for their help in seeing this material through the press. NICHOLAS RESCHER Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania May, 1980 xi INTRODUCTION The unifying theme of these essays is their concern with Leibniz's metaphysics of nature. In particular, they revolve about his cos­ mology of creation and his conception of the real world as one among infinitely many equipossible alternatives.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 78
    ISBN: 9789400984042
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (392p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 62
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 62
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: I: Medieval Prologue -- 1. The Philosophical Setting of Medieval Science -- 2. The Medieval Accomplishment in Mechanics and Optics -- II: The Sixteenth-Century Achievement -- 3. The Development of Mechanics to the Sixteenth Century -- 4. The Concept of Motion in the Sixteenth Century -- 5. The Calculatores in the Sixteenth Century -- 6. The Enigma of Domingo de Soto -- 7. Causes and Forces at the Collegio Romano -- III: Galileo in the Sixteenth-Century Context -- 8. Galileo and Reasoning Ex suppositione -- 9. Galileo and the Thomists -- 10. Galileo and the Doctores Parisienses -- 11. Galileo and the Scotists -- 12. Galileo and Albertus Magnus -- 13. Galileo and the Causality of Nature -- IV: From Medieval to Early Modern Science -- 14. Pierre Duhem: Galileo and the Science of Motion -- 15. Anneliese Maier: Galileo and Theories of Impetus -- 16. Ernest Moody: Galileo and Nominalism -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: Can it be true that Galilean studies will be without end, without conclusion, that each interpreter will find his own Galileo? William A. Wallace seems to have a historical grasp which will have to be matched by any further workers: he sees directly into Galileo's primary epoch of intellectual formation, the sixteenth century. In this volume, Wallace provides the companion to his splendid annotated translation of Galileo 's Early Notebooks: The Physical Questions (University of Notre Dame Press, 1977), pointing to the 'realist' sources, mainly unearthed by the author himself during the past two decades. Explicit controversy arises, for the issues are serious: nominalism and realism, two early rivals for the foundation of knowledge, contend at the birth of modem science, OI better yet, contend in our modem efforts to understand that birth. Related to this, continuity and discontinuity, so opposed to each other, are interwoven in the interpretive writings ever since those striking works of Duhem in the first years of this century, and the later studies of Annaliese Maier, Alexandre Koyre and E. A. Moody. Historio­ grapher as well as philosopher, WaUace has critically supported the continuity of scientific development without abandoning the revolutionary transforma­ tive achievement of Galileo's labors. That continuity had its contemporary as well as developmental quality; and we note that William Wallace's Prelude studies are complementary to Maurice A.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 79
    ISBN: 9789400984011
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 150
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic.
    Kurzfassung: I: Theory -- I/Introduction -- II/Semantic Theory of the Notation F -- III/The Physical Relevance of Indistinguishables -- IV/Sort Theory — Axioms and Definitions -- V/Sort Theory — Mappings -- VI/Representations of Initial Sorts -- VII/Representation of Superstruct Sorts -- II: Application -- VIII/Hypothesis and Principles -- IX/Events in the Void -- X/The Texture of Space-Time -- XI/The Constitution of Matter -- XII/States of Particles -- XIII/General Assessment -- References -- Index of Terms Defined -- Index of Symbols.
    Kurzfassung: It is widely assumed that there exist certain objects which can in no way be distinguished from each other, unless by their location in space or other reference-system. Some of these are, in a broad sense, 'empirical objects', such as electrons. Their case would seem to be similar to that of certain mathematical 'objects', such as the minimum set of manifolds defining the dimensionality of an R -space. It is therefore at first sight surprising that there exists no branch of mathematics, in which a third parity-relation, besides equality and inequality, is admitted; for this would seem to furnish an appropriate model for application to such instances as these. I hope, in this work, to show that such a mathematics in feasible, and could have useful applications if only in a limited field. The concept of what I here call 'indistinguishability' is not unknown in logic, albeit much neglected. It is mentioned, for example, by F. P. Ramsey [1] who criticizes Whitehead and Russell [2] for defining 'identity' in such a way as to make indistinguishables identical. But, so far as I can discover, no one has made any systematic attempt to open up the territory which lies behind these ideas. What we find, on doing so, is a body of mathematics, offering only a limited prospect of practical usefulness, but which on the theoretical side presents a strong challenge to conventional ideas.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400983977
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 15
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- 1. The Present State of Value Theory -- 2. Absolutism and Empiricism with Respect to Value -- 3. Determination of Concepts -- II. Value Concepts -- 1. Logical Analysis: Material Content and Value Characteristic -- 2. The System of Values -- 3. The Hierarchy of Values -- III. Value as a Characteristic: A Psychological Analysis -- 1. Psychology of Value up to the Present -- 2. Evaluating and Adopting an Attitude -- 3. Development of the Characteristic of Value -- 4. Value as a Specific Characterization with Respect to Adopting an Attitude -- 5. Value Concepts, Value Judgements, and Valuation -- 6. The Sources of Distinction -- IV. Value Judgements -- 1. The Meaning of Impersonal Value Judgements -- 2. The Validity of Impersonal Value Judgements: Super-Individual Value -- V. The Science of Value -- Postscript (1973) -- Bibliography of the Writings of Victor Kraft -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: In English-speaking countries Victor Kraft is known principally for his account of the Vienna Circle. ! That group of thinkers has exercised in recent decades a significant influence not only on the philosophy of the western world, but also, at least indirectly, on that of the East, where there is now taking place a slow but clearly irresistible erosion of dogmatic Marxism by ways of think­ ing derived from a modem scientific conception of the world. Kraft's work as historian of the Vienna Circle has led to his being classed, without further qua1ification, as a neo-positivist philosopher. It is, however, only partially correct to count him as such. To be sure, he belonged to the group named, he took part in its meetings, and he drew from it suggestions central to his own work; but he did not belong to the hard core of the Circle and was a con­ scious opponent of certain radical tendencies espoused, at least from time to time, by some of its members. Evidence of this is provided by the theory of value now presented in English translation, since no less a thinker than Rudolf Carnap had, originally at any rate, obeyed a very narrowly conceived criterion of sense and declared value judgements to be senseless.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400984431
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (318p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 17
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 17
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. The Structure of Evolutionary Theory -- 1.1. Three features of physico-chemical theories -- 1.2. Evolutionary theory and the observational/theoretical dichotomy -- 1.3. Is evolutionary theory hypothetico-deductive? -- 1.4. But is genetics really part of evolutionary theory? -- 1.5. The consilient nature of evolutionary theory -- 1.6. Conclusion -- Notes -- 2. The Evidence for Evolutionary Theory -- 2.1. Evidence for the synthetic theory’s core -- 2.2. Evidence for the whole theory -- 2.3. Rivals: The first chapter of Genesis -- 2.4. Rivals: Lamarckism -- 2.5. Rivals: Saltationism -- 2.6. Rivals: Orthogenesis -- 2.7. Evolutionary logic -- Notes -- 3. Karl Popper and Evolutionary Biology -- 3.1. Evolutionary theory as a metaphysical research programme -- 3.2. The problem of speciation -- 3.3. Is natural selection a tautology? -- 3.4. The problem of gradual change -- 3.5. Popperian saltationism -- 3.6. Evolutionary biology and evolutionary epistemology -- 4. The Last Word on Teleology, or Optimality Models Vindicated -- 4.1. The teleology of biology -- 4.2. Artifacts and adaption -- 4.3. Consequences and amplifications -- Notes -- 5. The Molecular Revolution in Genetics -- 5.1. Scientific advance: reduction or replacement? -- 5.2. What kind of revolution occurred in genetics? -- 5.3. But did ‘strong’ reduction really occur? -- 5.4. David Hull objects -- Notes -- 6. Does Genetic Counselling Really Raise The Quality of Life? -- 6.1. Genetic counseling -- 6.2. The John F. Kennedy Institute Tay-Sachs programme -- 6.3. The limitations to genetic counseling -- 6.4. The problem of abortion -- 6.5. The problem of the poor -- 6.6. The problem of minorities -- 6.7. What is genetic disease? -- 6.8. Conclusion -- Notes -- 7. The Recombinant Dna Debate: A Tempest in A Test Tube? -- 7.1. The recombinant DNA debate -- 7.2. The nature of recombinant DNA research -- 7.3. The positive case for recombinant DNA research -- 7.4. The negative case against recombinant DNA research -- 7.5. Do the benefits outweight the risks? -- 7.6. The dangers of recombinant DNA research -- 7.7. The argument from epidemiology -- 7.8. Recombinant DNA research considered as science -- 7.9. Can one really separate science and technology? -- 7.10. Epilogue -- Notes -- 8. Sociobiology: Sound Science or Muddled Metaphysics? -- 8.1. What is sociobiology -- 8.2. Humans as seen through the lens of sociobiology -- 8.3. Other sociobiological claims -- 8.4. Is human sociobiology facist? -- 8.5. Is sociobiology prejudiced against homosexuals? -- 8.6. The testability of sociobiology -- 8.7. The falsity of sociobiology -- 8.8. Sociobiology and philosophy -- Notes -- 9. Is Science Sexist? The Case of Sociobiology -- 9.1. How science can show bias -- 9.2. Freudian psychoanalytic theory -- 9.3. The sociobiology of human sexuality: Wilson -- 9.4. The sociobiology of human sexuality: Symons -- 9.5. Is sociobiology sexist? The lesser charges -- 9.6. Is sociobiology sexist? The major charge -- 9.7. Concluding reflections for the feminist -- Notes -- 10. Are Homosexuals Sick? -- 10.1.Two models of health and sickness -- 10.2. The empirical facts about homosexuality -- 10.3. Psychoanalytic causal explanations -- 10.4. Endocrinal causal explanations of homosexuality -- 10.5. Sociobiological causal explanations -- 10.6. Conclusion -- Appendix 1. Matrix comparing sickness models against putative facts about homosexuality -- Appendix 2. Freud’s letter to an American Mother -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: Philosophy of biology has a long and honourable history. Indeed, like most of the great intellectual achievements of the Western World, it goes back to the Greeks. However, until recently in this century, it was sadly neglected. With a few noteworthy exceptions, someone wishing to delve into the subject had to choose between extremes of insipid vitalism on the one hand, and sterile formalizations of the most elementary biological principles on the other. Whilst philosophy of physics pushed confidently ahead, the philosophy of biology languished. In the past decade, however, things have changed dramatically. A number of energetic and thoughtful young philosophers have made real efforts to master the outlines and details of contemporary biology. They have shown that many stimulating problems emerge when analytic skills are turned towards the life-sciences, particularly if one does not feeI con­ strained to stay only with theoretical parts of biology, but can range over to more medical parts of the spectrum. At the same time, biology itself has had one of the most fruitful yet turbulent periods in its whole history, and more and more biologists have grown to see that many of the problems they face take them beyond the narrow confines of empiric al science: a broader perspective is needed.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 82
    ISBN: 9789400984820
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (175p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 151
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: I/Pictures and Teleology -- 1. Science, Philosophy, and Change -- 2. Images -- 3. Pictures and Coherent Images -- 4. Truth and Explanation -- 5. Explanationism -- II/Rules of Inference, Induction, and Ampliative Frameworks -- 1. Ampliative Inference -- 2. Sellarsian Rules of Inference -- 3. Goodman on Induction and the Scientific Framework -- 4. Quine, Induction, and Natural Kinds -- 5. Conclusion -- III/Induction and Justification -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Rules, Theories, and Conceptual Frameworks -- 3. Justification, Probability, and Acceptance -- 4. The Meaning of ‘Probable’ -- 5. ‘Probable’ Versus the Ground-Consequence Relation -- 6. The Purpose of Probability Arguments -- 7. Practical Reasoning -- 8. Modes of Probability -- IV/Theories -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Sellarsian View of a Theory; an Introduction -- 3. Sellars and Nagel on the Formal Structure of Theories -- 4. The Observation Framework -- 5. Correspondence Rules (C-Rules) -- 6. Explanation -- 7. Ontological Preliminaries -- 8. Explanation and Existence -- 9. Explanation and Two Senses of ‘About’ -- 10. Explanation Versus Derivation -- 11. The Theoretician’s Dilemma and the Levels Theory of Theories -- 12. Sellarsian Systematization -- 13. Explanation and Existence: The Role of C-Rules -- V/Conceptual Change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Scientific Image: a Reconsideration -- 3. Ontological Necessity -- 4. Reasonableness and Rationality -- 5. Conceptual Change -- 6. Rationality Versus Reasonableness -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: In this essay I am concerned with the problem of conceptual change. There are, needless to say, many ways to approach the issue. But, as I see it, the problem reduces to showing how present and future systems of thought are the rational extensions of prior ones. This goal may not be attainable. Kuhn, for example, suggests that change is mainly a function of socio-economic pressures (taken broadly). But there are some who believe that a case can be made for the rationality of change, especially in science. Wilfrid Sellars is one of those. While Sellars has developed a full account of the issues involved in solving the problem of conceptual change, he is also a very difficult philosopher to discuss. The difficulty stems from the fact that he is a philosopher in the very best sense of the word. First, he performs the tasks of analyzing alternative views with both finesse and insight, dialectically laying bare the essentials of problems and the inadequacies of previous proposals. Secondly, he is a systematic philosopher. That is, he is concerned to elaborate a system of philosophical thought in the grand tradition stretching from Plato to White­ head. Now with all of this to his credit, it would appear that there is no difficulty at all, one should simply treat him like all the others, if he indeed follows in the footsteps of past builders of philosophic systems.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 83
    ISBN: 9789400985223
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (356p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 13
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Phenomenology ; Language and languages—Style. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I Introduction The Babel of Criticism -- I -- II In The Beginning, The Word -- III Apprenticeship in Sorcery -- IV The Gift of Tongues -- V Through Streets Wide and Narrow -- VI “I was my Father and I was my Son” -- VII Voices in the Mud -- II -- VIII Creating a Scene -- IX Voices, in English, on the Air -- X English Voices for the Stage -- XI The Limits of Theater -- XII Soul made Light, and Sound -- XIII Sound, Sense and Sound -- XIV Closure -- References.
    Kurzfassung: In the wake of so many other keys to the treasure, whoever undertakes still another book of criticism on the novels and drama of Samuel Beckett must assume the grave burden of justifying the attempt, especially for him who like one of John Barth's recent fictional characterizations of himself, believes that the key to the treasure is the treasure itself. No one will ever have the privilege of the last word on these texts, since any words other than the author's own found therein must be referred back to the text themselves for cautious verification. Indeed, the words the author has used to create the oeuvre stand by virtue of their own creativeness, or fail in their pretense, and need no critical comment to be appreciated for what they have achieved or have failed to achieve. In criticism there is no privileged point of view - not even the author's own. He has consulted his knowledge and experience to make the work, and whoever would criticize his efforts would seem to owe him the indulgence of doing the same. If communication is mediated through the works, the author and his readers respond in recipro­ cal fashion to the expressiveness of their contexts. For the philosopher of art, the challenge is extremely tempting - on a manifold count.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400985582
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (339p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 69
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 69
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I: Causation -- 1. The Knowledge Context Kzt -- 2. The Language Framework:L or L?? -- 3. Syntax. Semantics, and Ontology -- II: Explanation -- 4. Statistical Explanation and Statistical Relevance -- 5. A Single Case Theory of Causal Explanation -- 6. The Dispositional Construction of Theories -- III: Corroboration -- 7. The Justification of Induction -- 8. Confirmation and Corroboration -- 9. Acceptance and Rejection Rules -- 10. Rationality and Fallibility -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: With this defense of intensional realism as a philosophical foundation for understanding scientific procedures and grounding scientific knowledge, James Fetzer provides a systematic alternative to much of recent work on scientific theory. To Fetzer, the current state of understanding the 'laws' of nature, or the 'law-like' statements of scientific theories, appears to be one of philosophical defeat; and he is determined to overcome that defeat. Based upon his incisive advocacy of the single-case propensity interpretation of probability, Fetzer develops a coherent structure within which the central problems of the philosophy of science find their solutions. Whether the reader accepts the author's contentions may, in the end, depend upon ancient choices in the interpretation of experience and explanation, but there can be little doubt of Fetzer's spirited competence in arguing for setting ontology before epistemology, and within the analysis of language. To us, Fetzer's ambition is appealing, fusing, as he says, the substantive commitment of the Popperian with the conscientious sensitivity of the Hempelian to the technical precision required for justified explication. To Fetzer, science is the objective pursuit of fallible general knowledge. This innocent character­ ization, which we suppose most scientists would welcome, receives a most careful elaboration in this book; it will demand equally careful critical con­ sideration. Center for the Philosophy and ROBERT S. COHEN History of Science, MARX W. WARTOFSKY Boston University October 1981 v TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL PREFACE v FOREWORD xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv PART I: CAUSATION 1.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400984127
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 63
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 63
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Stages of the Philosophy of Technology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Engineering Perspective -- 3. Philosophy of Culture -- 4. Social Criticism -- 5. The Earth as a System -- 6. The Problem of Diversity of Approaches -- II. Differing Versions of the Concept of ‘Technology’ -- 1. Problems of Definition -- 2. Historical and Systematic Analysis -- 3. Periods in the History of Technology -- 4. Semantic Variations of the Concept of ‘Technology’ -- 5. Attempts at Definition -- III. Methodological Analysis -- 1. The Determinants of Technological Development -- 2. The Range of Action -- 3. The Transformation of the Material World -- 4. The Neutrality of Technological Means -- 5. Hypothetical Imperatives -- 6. Technological Progress -- IV. The Road to Modern Technology -- 1. The Socio-cultural Approach -- 2. Historical Determination -- 3. Magical and Technological Thinking -- 4. Socio-economic Conditions -- 5. Technological Foundations -- 6. The Industrial Revolution -- 7. Engineering Sciences and Natural Sciences -- 8. Intellectual Prerequisites -- 9. Complex Interconnections -- 10. Natural Instinct and Volitional Creativity -- V. The Technological World -- 1. Nature and Artifacts -- 2. The Cosmic Dimension -- 3. Accumulation and ‘Self-Reinforcement’ -- 4. The Acting Individuals -- 5. Individual Freedom and Collective Tasks -- 6. The Universality of Modern Technology -- 7. The Benefits of Technology and Their Cost -- 8. Changed Criteria -- 9. New Values -- 10. The Crisis in the Assessment of Technology -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: Friedrich Rapp, in this magisterial and critical essay on technology, the complex human phenomenon that demands philosophy of science, philosophy of culture, moral insight, and historical sensi­ tivity for its understanding, writes modestly of the grave and ten­ tative situation in the philosophy of technology. Despite the pro­ found thinkers who have devoted time and imagination and ratio­ nal penetration, despite the massive literature now available, the varied and comparative viewpoints of political, analytic, despite metaphysical, cultural, even esthetic commitments, indeed despite the honest joining of historical and systematic methods of inves­ tigation, we are far from a satisfactory understanding of the joys and sorrows, the achievements and disappointments, of the tech­ nological saga of human societies. Professor Rapp has prepared this report on the philosophical understanding of technology for a troubled world; if ever philosophy were needed, it is in the prac­ tical attempt to find alternatives among technologies, to foresee dangers and opportunities, to choose with a sense of the possibil­ ity of fulfilling humane values. Emerson spoke of the scholar not as a specialist apart, but as 'Man thinking' and Rapp's essay so speaks to all of us, industrial world or third world, engineers or humanists, tired or energetic, fearful or optimistic.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 86
    ISBN: 9789400983946
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 16
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 16
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Economics Methodology ; Philosophy and science. ; Economic history.
    Kurzfassung: On the Role of Fundamental Theory in Positive Economics -- Are General Equilibrium Theories Explanatory? -- New Consumer Theory and the Relations Between Goods -- A Skeptical History of Microeconomic Theory -- Neo-Utilitarian Ethics and the Ordinal Representation Assumption -- Constitutional Choice: Rawls versus Harsanyi -- Some Implications of ‘Theory Absorption’ for Economic Theory and the Economics of Information -- On the Use of Laboratory Experiments in Economics -- Some Logic and History of Hypothesis Testing -- Testing Statistical Testing.
    Kurzfassung: The essays in this volume are the result of a workshop held at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in April, 1979. The assembled group was diverse, comprised of philosophers, economists, and statisticians. But it was not the complete group on which we had initially planned. Richard Rudner was in France on sabbatical and was unable to fly back for the occa­ sion. His untimely death the following summer saddened us all, for we lost not just a colleague but a friend. This book is dedicated to him out of the spirit of friendship and in appreciation for the ground breaking work he did in the philosophy of the social sciences. In addition to the participants, a number of people worked very hard to make our gathering possible. We are especially indebted to Dean Henry Bauer, Dean Ernie Stout and Dean John Ballweg of the College of Arts and Sciences at Virginia Tech for their good will and support, both moral and substantive. We would also like to thank Professor Guy Hammond, Head, Department of Philosophy and Religion, for his council and assistance. Our special thanks to Jeanne Keister and Betty Davis for their patience with unending typing and reservations, and finally to Barbara Kersey, always at hand, ever helpful. Without them nothing would have transpired.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 87
    ISBN: 9789401576550
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 153
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. The Deductive Model -- 2. The Basis of the Logical Empiricist Conception of Science -- 3. The Basis of the Popperian Conception of Science -- 4. The Logical Empiricist Conception of Scientific Progress -- 5. The Popperian Conception of Scientific Progress -- 6. Popper, Lakatos, and the Transcendence of the Deductive Model -- 7. Kuhn, Feyerabend, and Incommensurability -- 8. The Gestalt Model -- 9. The Perspectivist Conception of Science -- 10. Development of the Perspectivist Conception in the Context of the Kinetic Theory of Gases -- 11. The Set-Theoretic Conception of Science -- 12. Application of the Perspectivist Conception to the Views of Newton, Kepler, and Galileo -- References.
    Kurzfassung: For the philosopher interested in the idea of objective knowledge of the real world, the nature of science is of special importance, for science, and more particularly physics, is today considered to be paradigmatic in its affording of such knowledge. And no understand­ ing of science is complete until it includes an appreciation of the nature of the relation between successive scientific theories-that is, until it includes a conception of scientific progress. Now it might be suggested by some that there are a variety of ways in which science progresses, or that there are a number of different notions of scientific progress, not all of which concern the relation between successive scientific theories. For example, it may be thought that science progresses through the application of scientific method to areas where it has not previously been applied, or, through the development of individual theories. However, it is here suggested that the application of the methods of science to new areas does not concern forward progress so much as lateral expansion, and that the provision of a conception of how individual theories develop would lack the generality expected of an account concerning the progress of science itself.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400983649
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (417p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 66
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 66
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. The Semantic Problem—Sources and Themes -- II. The Concept of Semantics and Prerequisites for the Investigation of Semantic Problems -- 1. The Concepts of Object Language and Metalanguage -- 2. The Semantic Level of Analysis and its Relations to the Syntactic and Pragmatic Levels -- III. Semantic Concepts -- 1. Semantic Concepts and their Relations in Common Parlance -- 2. Semantic Concepts in Formalised Languages -- IV. The Semantics of Logical Concepts -- 1. Problems of L-Semantics -- 2. The Semantics of Logical Concepts on the Basis of the Concept of Interpretation -- V. Sense and Denotation -- 1. Frege’s Conception of Sense and Denotation -- 2. The Theory of Descriptions -- 3. The Method of Extension and Intension -- 4. The Problem of Naming -- 5. Synonymity -- VI. The Criterion of Sense -- 1. The Formulation of the Problem -- 2. The Operationist Criterion of Sense -- 3. The Verifiability Criterion of Sense -- 4. The Translatability Criterion of Sense -- 5. Sense and the Empirical -- 6. ‘Theoretical Concepts’ and the Relativity of the Empirical Starting Point -- 7. Problems of Sense and Reduction Procedures -- VII. Vagueness -- 1. Vagueness and the Un-Sharpness of Boundaries -- 2. Sources of Vagueness and Ways of Analysing Vagueness -- 3. Vagueness, Ambiguity and Denotational Opacity -- VIII. Semantics and Some Problems of Ontology -- 1. Semantics and Ontic Decision -- 2. Nominalism, Platonism and Semantics -- 3. Analytical and Synthetic Aspects in the Language of Science -- IX. An Outline of the Evaluation of the Results of Scientific Activity in Terms of Semantic Information -- 1. The Scope for Evaluating Scientific Results -- 2. Brillouin’s Attempt at an Informational Evaluation of Scientific Laws -- 3. Linguistic Devices in Tasks of the Systematising Type -- 4. The Concept of ‘Decision Base’ and the Evaluation of a Decision Base -- 5. The Relevance of A Posteriori Data -- 6. Evaluation of the Goal Complex and the Concept of ‘Epistemic Gain’ -- X. The Semantics of Preference Attitudes -- 1. The Role of Preference and Preference Ordering -- 2. The Comparability Principle as a Presupposition for the Construction of a Preference System -- 3. Preferences of Things and Preferences of States of Affairs -- 4. Preference ‘Ceteris Paribus’ -- 5. The Concept of ‘Preferable States of Affairs’ as a Qualitative Concept -- 6. Preference as a Propositional Attitude -- Conclusions -- XI. The Problem of Informational Synonymity -- 1. The Traditional (Leibnizian) Criterion of Identity and the Problem of Semantic Identification -- 2. The ‘Salva Veritate’ Criterion -- 3. The Criterion of ‘Salva Relatione’ and the Concept of ‘Informational Synonymity’ -- 4. Informational Relevance and the Concept of ‘Strict Informational Synonymity’ -- XII. An Outline of the Semantic Evaluation of Graphic Communication -- 1. Introductory Remarks -- 2. Graphic Communication -- 3. The Semantics of a Picture Shape -- 4. Informational Synonymity and the Informational Evaluation of a Picture Shape -- 5. Informational Synonymity and the Time Factor -- Notes -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: Ladislav Tondl's insightful investigations into the language of the sciences bear directly upon some decisive points of confrontation in modern philos­ ophy of science and of language itself. In the decade since his Scientific Procedures was published in English (Boston Studies 11), Dr Tondl has enlarged his original monograph of 1966 on the promise, problems and achievements of modern semantics: the main topic of his later work has been semantic information theory. A Russian translation, considerably expanded as a second edition, was published in 1975 (Moscow, Progress Publishers) with an appreciative critical commentary, in the form of a conclusion, by Professor Avenir I. Uemov of Odessa. Indeed many Soviet studies in the problems of the semantics of science show the same sort of philosophical curiosity about the relationship of meanings in scientific language to pro­ cedures in scientific epistemology that characterizes Tondl's work, as in the work of Mirislav Popovich (Kiev) and Vadirn Sadovsky (Moscow) and their colleagues. But we know that interest in these matters is world-wide, ranging from such classical topics as sense and denotation, empiricist reduction, vagueness and denotational opacity, to the new and equally exciting topics of the semantics of non-unique preference choices, the nuances of informational synonymity, and the semantics of a picture shape (so briefly but beautifully sketched in Tondl's dense and promising last chapter). We are pleased to have had Tondl's kind cooperation in producing this English edition, actually a third edition, of his research about semantics.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400985179
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 9
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I: Being -- 1. Matter Today -- 2. Materialism Today -- II: Becoming -- 3. Modes of Becoming -- 4. A Critique of Dialectics -- III: Mind -- 5. A Materialist Theory of Mind -- 6. Mind Evolving -- IV: Culture -- 7. A Materialist Concept of Culture -- 8. Popper’s Unworldly World 3 -- V: Concept -- 9. The Status of Concepts -- 10. Logic, Semantics, and Ontology -- New Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous -- Sources -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: The word 'materialism' is ambiguous: it designates a moral doc­ trine as well as a philosophy and, indeed, an entire world view. Moral materialism is identical with hedonism, or the doctrine that humans should pursue only their own pleasure. Philosophical ma­ terialismis the view that the real worId is composed exclusively of material things. The two doctrines are logically independent: hedonism is consistent with immaterialism, and materialism is compatible with high minded morals. We shall be concerned ex­ c1usively with philosophical materialism. And we shall not confuse it with realism, or the epistemological doctrine that knowIedge, or at any rate scientific knowledge, attempts to represent reality. Philosophical materialism is not a recent fad and it is not a solid block: it is as old as philosophy and it has gone through six quite different stages. The first was ancient materialism, centered around Greek and Indian atomism. The second was the revival of the first during the 17th century. The third was 18th century ma­ terialism, partly derived from one side of Descartes' ambiguous legacy. The fourth was the mid-19th century "scientific" material­ ism, which flourished mainly in Germany and England, and was tied to the upsurge of chemistry and biology. The fifth was dialec­ tical and historical materialism, which accompanied the consolida­ tion of the socialist ideology. And the sixth or current stage, evolved mainly by Australian and American philosophers, is aca­ demic and nonpartisan but otherwise very heterogeneous. Ancient materialism was thoroughly mechanistic.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401094269
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (466p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 14
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. No Pot of Message [1974a] -- 2. The Origin and Spirit of Logical Positivism [1969a] -- 3. The Power of Positivistic Thinking [1963b] -- 4. The Wiener Kreis in America [1969d] -- 5. Scientific Method without Metaphysical Presuppositions [1954] -- 6. Probability and Experience [1930] -- 7. Meaning and Validity of Physical Theories [1929] -- 8. Confirmability and Confirmation [1951a] -- 9. The Logical Character of the Principle of Induction [1934a] -- 10. What Hume Might Have Said to Kant [1964a] -- 11. Operationism and Scientific Method (and Rejoinder) [1945a] and [1945b] -- 12. Existential Hypotheses [1950b] -- 13. Logical Reconstruction, Realism and Pure Semiotic [1950c] -- 14. De Principiis Non Disputandum… ? [1950a] -- 15. Empiricism at Bay? [1971e] -- 16. The Mind-Body Problem in the Development of Logical Empiricism [1950d] -- 17. Physicalism, Unity of Science and the Foundations of Psychology [1963d] -- 18. Mind-Body, Not a Pseudoproblem [1960] -- 19. Some Crucial Issues of Mind-Body Monism [1971a] -- 20. Naturalism and Humanism [1949a] -- 21. Validation and Vindication: An Analysis of the Nature and the Limits of Ethical Arguments [1952] -- 22. Everybody Talks about the Temperature [1964c] -- 23. Is Science Relevant to Theology? [1966a] -- 24. Ethics, Religion, and Scientific Humanism [1969e] -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- Bibliography of Herbert Feigl -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: The title is his own. Herbert Feigl, the provocateur and the soul (if we may put it so) of modesty, wrote to me some years ago, "I'm more of a catalyst than producer of new and original ideas all my life . . . ", but then he com­ pleted the self-appraisal: " . . . with just a few exceptions perhaps". We need not argue for the creative nature of catalysis, but will simply remark that there are 'new and original ideas' in the twenty-four papers selected for this volume, in the extraordinary aperrus of the 25-year-old Feigl in his Vienna dissertation of 1927 on Zufall und Gesetz, in the creative critique and articulation in his classical monograph of 1958 on The 'Mental' and the 'Physical'; and the reader will want to turn to some of the seventy other titles in our Feigl bibliography appended. Professor Feigl has been a model philosophical worker: above all else, honest, self-aware, open-minded and open-hearted; keenly, devotedly, and even arduously the student of the sciences, he has been a logician and an empiricist. Early on, he brought the Vienna Circle to America, and much later he helped to bring it back to Central Europe. The story of the logical empiricist movement, and of Herbert Feigl's part in it, has often been told, importantly by Feigl himself in four papers we have included here.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oxford : Pergamon Press
    ISBN: 9781483285740 , 148328574X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 189 pages) , illustrations
    Ausgabe: [Place of publication not identified] HathiTrust Digital Library 2010 Electronic reproduction
    Serie: Pergamon international library of science, technology, engineering, and social studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Knorr-Cetina, K. (Karin) Manufacture of knowledge
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Science Methodology ; Knowledge, Theory of ; Research Methodology ; Science Philosophy ; Science methods ; Knowledge ; Naturwissenschaften ; Wissenssoziologie ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Cultural Policy ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Anthropology ; Cultural ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Popular Culture ; Knowledge, Theory of ; Science ; Methodology ; Natuurwetenschappen ; Sociale aspecten ; Sociologia (Filosofia E Teoria) ; Sociologia Do Conhecimento ; Sciences ; Aspect social ; Sciences - Philosophie ; epistemology ; Sciences - Méthodologie ; Recherche - Méthodologie ; Théorie de la connaissance ; Science - Philosophy ; Research - Methodology
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (pages 173-181) , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 92
    Buch
    Buch
    Harlow [u.a.] : Longman [u.a.]
    ISBN: 0582491568 , 0582491576 , 0582491576
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 335 S.
    Serie: Open University set book
    DDC: 501
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Science Philosophy ; History ; Science History ; Belief and doubt History ; Wissenschaft ; Geschichte
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 93
    ISBN: 3-428-04719-2
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 481 S.
    Serie: Erfahrung und Denken 60
    Serie: Erfahrung und Denken
    DDC: 120
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Naturwissenschaft ; Philosophie ; Probabilities ; Refutation (Logic) ; Science Philosophy ; Transcendental logic ; Wissenschaftstheorie. ; Kritischer Rationalismus. ; Kritik. ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Kritischer Rationalismus ; Kritik
    Anmerkung: Literaturverz. S. [457] - 461
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 94
    Buch
    Buch
    Berlin [u.a.] :Springer,
    ISBN: 3-540-09668-X , 0-387-09668-X
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: VI, 198 S.
    DDC: 501
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Sciences - Méthodologie ; Sciences - Philosophie ; Wetenschapsfilosofie ; Naturwissenschaft ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Science Methodology ; Science Philosophy ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie. ; Wissenschaftstheorie. ; Grundschule. ; Mathematikunterricht. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Grundschule ; Mathematikunterricht
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 95
    ISBN: 3-593-32673-6
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 204 S.
    Serie: [Campus / Forschung] 130
    Serie: [Campus / Forschung]
    DDC: 501
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Gesellschaft ; Naturwissenschaft ; Philosophie ; Science Philosophy ; Science Social aspects ; Wissenschaftssoziologie. ; Wissenschaft. ; Funktionswandel. ; Wissenschaftssoziologie ; Wissenschaft ; Funktionswandel
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 96
    ISBN: 3496001267
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: III, 237 S.
    Serie: Mainzer Ethnologica 1
    Serie: Mainzer Ethnologica
    Dissertationsvermerk: Zugl.: Mainz, Univ., Diss., 1976
    DDC: 572.101 SEIL
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Kuhn, Thomas S ; Ethnology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Potlatch ; Kwakiutl Indians ; Wissenschaft ; Volkskunde, Völkerkunde ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Kuhn, Thomas S. 1922-1996 ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Ethnologie ; Wissenschaftstheorie
    Anmerkung: Literaturverz. S. 227 - 237
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401095631
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (198p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Suppl.: Rezensiert in THOMPSON, PAUL AGAINST NUCLEAR POWER 1980
    Serie: A Pallas Paperback
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science.
    Kurzfassung: One: Nuclear Technology -- 1. The History of Nuclear Energy -- 2. Government Regulation of Atomic Power -- 3. Fission Generation of Electricity -- 4. Ethical Problems Raised by Nuclear Technology -- Notes -- Two: Reactor Emissions and Equal Protection -- 1. The Controversy over Low-Level Radiation -- 2. Federal Radiation Standards -- 3. Ethical Problems of Radiation Policy -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- Three: Nuclear Wastes and the Argument from Ignorance -- 1. The Social and Economic Costs of Storing Radioactive Wastes -- 2. Philosophical Errors in Analyses of the Waste Problem -- 3. Conclusion -- Notes -- Four: Core Melt Catastrophe and Due Process -- 1. The Price-Anderson Act -- 2. Philosophical Difficulties in the Price-Anderson Act -- 3. Conclusion -- Notes -- Five: Nuclear Economics and the Problem of Externalities -- 1. The Problem of Externalities -- 2. Partially-Compensated Externalities of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle -- 3. The Consequences of the Failure To Compensate -- 4. The Consequences of Recognizing Amenity Rights -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- Six: Nuclear Safety and the Naturalistic Fallacy -- 1. The Naturalistic Fallacy -- 2. Commissions of the Fallacy in Government Studies of Nuclear Power -- 3. The Consequences to Public Policy -- 4. New Directions for Technology and Public Policy -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: This book grew out of projects funded by the Kentucky Human­ ities Council in 1974 and. 1975 and by the Environmental Protec­ tion Agency in 1976 and 1977. As a result of the generosity of these two agencies, I was able to study the logical, methodological, and ethical assumptions inherent in the decision to utilize nuclear fission for generating electricity. Since both grants gave me the opportunity to survey public policy-making, I discovered that there were critical lacunae in allegedly comprehensive analyses of various energy technologies. Ever since this discovery, one of my goals has been to fill one of these gaps by writing a well-docu­ mented study of some neglected social and ethical questions regarding nuclear power. Although many assessments of atomic energy written by en­ vironmentalists are highly persuasive, they often also are overly emotive and question-begging. Sometimes they employ what seem to be correct ethical conclusions, but they do so largely in an in­ tuitive, rather than a closely-reasoned, manner. On the other hand, books and reports written by nuclear proponents, often Under government contract, almost always ignore the social and ethical aspects of energy decision-making; they focus instead only on a purely scientific assessment of fission generation of electricity. What the energy debate needs, I believe, are more studies which aim at ethical analysis and which avoid unsubstantiated assertions. I hope that these essays are steps in that direction.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: One: Nuclear Technology1. The History of Nuclear Energy -- 2. Government Regulation of Atomic Power -- 3. Fission Generation of Electricity -- 4. Ethical Problems Raised by Nuclear Technology -- Notes -- Two: Reactor Emissions and Equal Protection -- 1. The Controversy over Low-Level Radiation -- 2. Federal Radiation Standards -- 3. Ethical Problems of Radiation Policy -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- Three: Nuclear Wastes and the Argument from Ignorance -- 1. The Social and Economic Costs of Storing Radioactive Wastes -- 2. Philosophical Errors in Analyses of the Waste Problem -- 3. Conclusion -- Notes -- Four: Core Melt Catastrophe and Due Process -- 1. The Price-Anderson Act -- 2. Philosophical Difficulties in the Price-Anderson Act -- 3. Conclusion -- Notes -- Five: Nuclear Economics and the Problem of Externalities -- 1. The Problem of Externalities -- 2. Partially-Compensated Externalities of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle -- 3. The Consequences of the Failure To Compensate -- 4. The Consequences of Recognizing Amenity Rights -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- Six: Nuclear Safety and the Naturalistic Fallacy -- 1. The Naturalistic Fallacy -- 2. Commissions of the Fallacy in Government Studies of Nuclear Power -- 3. The Consequences to Public Policy -- 4. New Directions for Technology and Public Policy -- Notes -- Name Index.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989443
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (290p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 135
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Preface to the English edition -- Preface to the Polish edition -- I Introduction -- 1.1. Mathematical notation -- 1.2. Numerical systems -- 1.3. Elementary systems -- 1.4. States and histories -- 1.5. Complex systems -- 1.6. Empirical phenomena -- 1.7. Phase-space of a phenomenon and some related technical notions -- 1.8. Semi-interpreted languages -- 1.9. Fundamental semantic concepts -- 1.10. Formalized languages and the deductive concept of a theory -- 1.11. A criterion of consistency -- 1.12. The concept of a theory -- II Regularities -- 2.0. Two conventions -- 2.1. Two types of regularities -- 2.2. State-determined phenomena -- 2.3. Mathematical models for state transformations -- 2.4. History-determined phenomena -- 2.5. Definability -- 2.6. Ontological versus semantic definability -- 2.7. Surrounding conditions -- 2.8. Self-determined phenomena -- 2.9. Invariancy -- 2.10. Notes -- III Empirical Theories -- 3.1. Axiomatic versus set theoretical way of defining theories -- 3.2. Theories as deductive systems -- 3.3. The concept of truth -- 3.4. Empirical theories -- 3.5. Two examples of empirical theories -- 3.6. Models and theories of empirical phenomena -- IV Measurement -- 4.1. Semantic conception of measurement -- 4.2. Complete measurement structures -- 4.3. Approximate measurement -- 4.4. Theoretical versus operational conception of measurement -- 4.5. Notes -- V Operational Structures -- 5.0. Introductory assumptions -- 5.1. Verification procedures -- 5.2. Operational structures -- 5.3. A revised notion of regularity -- 5.4. The concept of truth as related to operational structures -- 5.5. Truth by convention -- 5.6. Confirmation procedures -- 5.7. Probabilistic models -- 5.8. Dispersive operational structures -- 5.9. Evolution of empirical theories -- VI Appendix -- 6.1. Complementary tests -- 6.2. Physical systems -- Index of Symbols -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: 11 original. Modifications which I introduced are radical and often far going. In my opinion the Polish text had two main drawbacks. It was overloaded with informal considerations and at the same time formal concepts included in some parts of the book were presented in a too complicated way. Of course one of the motives to revise it was also the fact that much time has passed since I finished writing the Polish version and obviously certain decisions and ideas contained in the first edition seem not quite relevant now. So it is not only the desire to make the exposition clearer but also the reasons of substantial nature which motivated writing a revised version. I do not think it desirable to bother the reader with a detailed discussion of all changes to which the Polish version was subjected and that is why I will confine myself to pointing out only the most significant ones. Explanations concerning logical and set-theoretical notions applied in the book have been shortened as much as possible, in the Polish version one whole chapter was devoted to the discussion of them.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400991170
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (355p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 15
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 15
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1: Introduction -- A Sketch of Some Recent Developments in the Theory of Conditionals -- 2: The Classic Stalnaker-Lewis Theory of Conditionals -- A Theory of Conditionals -- Counterfactuals and Comparative Possibility -- A Defense of Conditional Excluded Middle -- 3. Conditionals and Subjective Conditional Probability (The Ramsey Test Paradigm) -- Probability and Conditionals -- Probabilities of Conditionals and Conditional Probabilities -- 4: Conditionals for Decision Making (Another Paradigm) -- Letter to David Lewis -- Counterfactuals and Two Kinds of Expected Utility -- 5: Indicative vs. Subjunctive Conditionals -- Indicative Conditionals -- Two Recent Theories of Conditionals -- Indicative Conditionals and Conditional Probability -- Indicative Conditionals and Conditional Probability: Reply to Pollock -- 6: Chance, Time, and the Subjunctive Conditional -- The Prior Propensity Account of Subjunctive Conditionals -- A Subjectivisms Guide to Objective Chance -- A Theory of Conditionals in the Context of Branching Time -- A Temporal Framework for Conditionals and Chance.
    Kurzfassung: With publication of the present volume, The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science enters its second phase. The first fourteen volumes in the Series were produced under the managing editorship of Professor James J. Leach, with the cooperation of a local editorial board. Many of these volumes resulted from colloguia and workshops held in con­ nection with the University of Western Ontario Graduate Programme in Philosophy of Science. Throughout its seven year history, the Series has been devoted to publication of high quality work in philosophy of science con­ sidered in its widest extent, including work in philosophy of the special sciences and history of the conceptual development of science. In future, this general editorial emphasis will be maintained, and hopefully, broadened to include important works by scholars working outside the local context. Appointment of a new managing editor, together with an expanded editorial board, brings with it the hope of an enlarged international presence for the Series. Serving the publication needs of those working in the various subfields within philosophy of science is a many-faceted operation. Thus in future the Series will continue to produce edited proceedings of worthwhile scholarly meetings and edited collections of seminal background papers. How­ ever, the publication priorities will shift emphasis to favour production of monographs in the various fields covered by the scope of the Series. THE MANAGING EDITOR vii W. L. Harper, R. Stalnaker, and G. Pearce (eds.), lIs, vii.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989375
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 47
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 47
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I / Foundations of Logic and of Mathematics -- Positively Omitting Types -- Proof Theory and Theory of Meaning -- Free Semantics -- A Temporalization of Modal Semantics -- Semantics for a Class of Intuitionistic Modal Calculi -- ‘Since’, ‘Even If’, ‘As If’ -- What Is Contemporary Logic Talking About? -- Intuition and Rigor: Some Problems of a ‘Logic of Discovery’ in Mathematics -- Intuitive Proofs and First-Order Derivations: Some Notes on the Metamathematics of First-Order Number Theory -- Constructive Sequent Reduction in Gentzen’s First Consistency Proof for Arithmetic -- Inductive Logic and Inductive Statistics -- II / Foundations of Empirical Sciences -- Is There a Logic of Empirical Sciences? -- On Physical Possibility -- Problems of the Proposition-State Structure of Quantum Mechanics -- Quantum Logic and the Two-Slit Experiment -- Causality and Tachyons in Relativity -- Time and Causality -- The Concept of Progress in Physics -- Equilibria, Crystals, Programs, Energetic Models, and Organizational Models -- III / History of the Sciences -- Francesco Patrizi: Heavenly Spheres and Flocks of Cranes -- Leibniz on the Structure of Relations -- Necessary and Contingent Truths in Leibniz -- Kant on Mathematical Definition -- ‘Proof’, ‘Theory’, and ‘Foundations’ in Hilbert’s Mathematical Work from 1885 to 1900 -- The History of Science as the History of Dictionaries -- Biographical Notes -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The impressive record of Italian philosophical research since the end of Fascism thirty-two years ago is shown in many fields: esthetics, social and" personal ethics, history and sociology of philosophy, and magnificently, perhaps above all, in logic, foundations of mathematics and the philosophY, methodology, and intellectual history ofthe empirical sciences. To our pleasure, Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara of the University of Florence gladly agreed to assemble a 'sampler' of recent Italian logical and analytical work on the philosophical foundations of mathematics and physics, along with a number of historical studies of epistemological and mathematical concepts. The twenty-five essays that form this volume will, we expect, encourage English-reading philosophers and scientists to seek further works by these authors and by their teachers, colleagues, and students; and, we hope, to look for those other Italian currents of thought in the philosophy of science for which points of departure are not wholly analytic, and which also deserve study and recognition in the world­ wide philosophical community. Of course, Italy has long been related to that world community in scien­ titlc matters.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...