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  • 1990-1994  (48)
  • Philosophy.
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    On Criminalization : An Essay in the Philosophy of the Criminal Law (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581004
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 314 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 19
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Criminology ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: When thinking about justified criminalization - whether some action may morally be made a criminal offense - philosophers tend to rely upon `balancing'. Arguments favoring and opposing criminalization are `weighed' on a simple beam balance; the `weightier' reasons prevail. Jonathan Schonsheck argues that this methodology is deeply flawed; among other infirmities, it fosters the neglect of items essential to a defensible decision. He urges the adoption of `filtering' - a multi-step procedure which directs one to discuss the moral authority of the state, to consider measures less coercive than a criminal statute, and to investigate the pragmatic consequences of criminalization. This procedure, he argues, imposes a structure on disputes which facilitates philosophical progress. `Filtering' is then applied to an array of public policy issues, including laws which require the use of automobile seat belts and motorcycle helmets, and laws which prohibit the use of certain psychoactive substances (`drugs'). Additionally, the book addresses a number of more theoretical issues in the philosophy of the criminal law. Throughout, it engages the work of leading philosophers: Derek Parfit, Cass R. Sunstein, Richard J. Arneson, and especially Joel Feinberg
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8100-4
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  • 2
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    Book review (1994)
    In:  volume:41 | number:1 | pages:135-138 | date:7.1994 | Erkenntnis 41, Heft 1, 135-138, 7.1994
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8420
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource.
    Titel der Quelle: Erkenntnis
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1930-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:41
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:135-138
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:7.1994
    Angaben zur Quelle: 41, Heft 1, 135-138, 7.1994
    DDC: 398
    Schlagwort(e): (lcsh)Philosophy. ; (lcsh)Knowledge, Theory of. ; (lcsh)Ontology. ; (lcsh)Ethics. ; (lcsh)Logic. ; Philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Ontology. ; Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics. ; Logic.
    DOI: 10.1007/BF01128917
    URN: urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024030108384383458823
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01128917
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024030108384383458823
    URL: https://d-nb.info/132219047X/34
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01128917
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  • 3
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    Artifacts, Representations and Social Practice : Essays for Marx Wartofsky (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401109024
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xiv, 562 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 154
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Genetic epistemology ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy. ; Aesthetics. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: These essays by his friends, students, colleagues, and admirers honor Marx Wartofsky on his 65th birthday by their humane and rigorous investigations of themes from his own broad range of interests. Art and science, ethics and history, from the great Enlightenment through the 19th century to our time of failed hopes and ironic successes, and especially human self-understanding through praxis, Wartofsky's joys, sorrows, curiosity and intelligence find their reflections in these insightful and original contributions. The authors include Joseph Agassi, Andrew Buchwalter, Peter Caws, Robert S. Cohen, William Earle, Bernard Elevitch, Paul Feyerabend, Roger S. Gottlieb, Carol C. Gould, Hilde Hein, Jaakko Hintikka, Gregg Horowitz, Michael Kelly, Peter Kivy, Erazim Kohak, Douglas Lackey, Berel Lang, Isaac Levi, Joseph Margolis, Gyorgy Markus, Alasdair MacIntyre, William McBride, Thomas McCarthy, Joëlle Proust, Roshdi Rashed, Cheyney Ryan, Abner Shimony, Kristin Shrader-Frechette, Lorenzo Simpson, Gary Smith, John Stachel, and Willis Truitt
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0902-4
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
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    Perelman’s New Rhetoric as Philosophy and Methodology for the Next Century (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 145 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Library of Rhetorics 1
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Logic ; Law—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This book presents the New Theory of Argumentation, popularly known as the New Rhetoric, as an innovative theoretical and methodological system which will become increasingly important. Two factors determine the importance of this philosophy: (1) The collapse of all modern ideologies, many sociopolitical systems and their associated philosophies, whether of the right or the left, means that the era of the quick, dogmatic perception of how to force people to feel free and happy is over. (2) New forms and institutions of social and economic life must be found among the wreckage. The solutions sought must work best for the greatest number of people and must be flexible enough to allow the reinterpretation of all our determinations, from the very beginning. The New Rhetoric rejects all absolutist and dogmatic ideas. But neither does it support absolute relativism. It constitutes a method for the endless search for truthful explanations and for enlightened practical activity. Truth is only the process of approaching it. While critical of formal logic, the New Rhetoric develops the concepts of `other', `experimental', `flexible', and `logic of good sense'. The introduction and elaboration of the concept of `reasonableness' is presented as a milestone in the evolution of scientific methodology. The New Rhetoric has overcome the traditional contradictions between logic, rationalism and dialectic and has laid new foundations for a modern theory of morality, law, legal interpretation, and human rights. This book discusses such problems as: new moral notions, the new dilemma of Cain, the spurious notions of 'centrism', Antigone's new arguments, 'argumentation is not bargaining', new foundations of tolerance and justice. It ends with a section on 'Resolutions for the New Century', written in the spirit of traditional enlightenment, rule of reason and humanism, but which goes beyond them
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8287-2
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  • 5
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    The Philosophy of Michael Dummett (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401583367
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 394 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 239
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Mathematical logic. ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This book contains seminal discussions of central issues in the philosophy of language, mathematics, mind, religion and time. Is common language conceptually prior to idiolectics? What is a theory of meaning? Does constructivism provide a satisfactory account of mathematics? What are indefinitely extensible concepts? Can we change the past? These are only some of the very important questions addressed here. Both the papers written by the contributors and Dummett's replies provide a great wealth of stimulating ideas for those who currently do research in the respective areas touched upon without making the reading exceedingly tedious. This feature, common to most of the papers in this book, makes it possible to use the material presented in undergraduate courses at university level
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8336-7
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Phenomenology of the Cultural Disciplines (1994)
    Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9780585285566
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (vii, 344 p)
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 16
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Engineering ; Environmental sciences ; Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Phenomenology . ; Engineering. ; Environment. ; Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Kurzfassung: Phenomenology of the Cultural Disciplines is an interdisciplinary study, reflecting the recent emergence of various particular forms of `phenomenological philosophy of ..'. Included are such fields as psychology, social sciences and history, as well as environmental philosophy, ethnic studies, religion and even more practical disciplines, such as medicine, psychiatry, politics, and technology. The Introduction provides a way of understanding how these various developments are integrated. On the basis of a Husserlian notion of culture, it proposes a generic concept of `cultural disciplines' (which is broader than but inclusive of `human sciences') which subsumes the more specific concepts of `cultural sciences', `axiotic disciplines' (e.g. architecture), and `practical disciplines'
    DOI: 10.1007/978-0-585-28556-6
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  • 7
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    Trends in the Historiography of Science (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401735964
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 460 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 151
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 151
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; History.
    Kurzfassung: The discussions of theoretical issues involved in the history of science have not received sufficient attention. This volume is a contribution to this ongoing discussion and deals with many such issues in the historiography of science, concentrating mainly on what is known as the internalist approach. The topics include ancient Greek mathematics during the Enlightenment, the physical sciences in the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as discussions of the relationship between history and philosophy of science. Both beginners in the fields of history and/or philosophy of science as well as scholars who have been already working in these fields will read the articles with pleasure and profit
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3596-4
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  • 8
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    Hegel Reconsidered : Beyond Metaphysics and the Authoritarian State (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401583787
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 259 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 2
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Much of contemporary philosophy, political theory, and social thought has been shaped directly or indirectly by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, though there is considerable disagreement about how his work should be understood. He has been described both as a metaphysician and characterized as an ironic narrator who anticipated the character of philosophy after metaphysics. His position is equally ambiguous with regard to his political thought. He has been construed both as an enemy of the liberal state and as a friend of freedom. This volume's revisionist reassessment, building on the scholarship of Klaus Hartmann, explores these ambiguities in favor of a non-metaphysical reading of Hegel's arguments. It also shows how the foundations of his political thought support a liberal democratic state. This reappraisal of Hegel's arguments resituates him as a philosopher who anticipates the difficulties of post-modernity and offers a basis for reassessing ontology, aesthetics, and revolution. Philosophers and those doing work in political theory will find this volume of great interest
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8378-7
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  • 9
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    Essay on Liberalism : Looking Left and Right (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401110969
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 150 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 51
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: This book argues that we would be very foolish to abandon the sense of justice that lies at the core of the social democratic approach to political life. The book challenges the view that the liberal tradition is best characterised by its embrace of key values, such as freedom, autonomy, self-realistation, and with the importance accorded to the virtue of tolerance. A competing social democratic/Rawlsian understanding of liberalism is presented and compared with major rival ideological orientations on both the left and the right of the political spectrum. By reviewing a variety of opinions by writers who are critical of liberalism, as well as debates within the tradition itself, the author shows that: (a) writers to the left of liberalism offer no feasible alternative that offers guidance in dealing with the problems we must face in modern societies; (b) writers to the right on the political spectrum often postulate circumstances in which justice towards individuals need no longer be regarded as an issue. As he shows, both these orientations will lead to a crisis of legitimacy in modern circumstances and this may tempt communities to abandon democracy in order to secure order. The book may be used in most courses on political philosophy and ideology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1096-9
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  • 10
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    Philosophical Problems Today / Problèmes Philosophiques d’Aujourd’hui (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401745222
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 217 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: International Institute of Philosophy / Institut International de Philosophie 1
    Serie: Philosophical Problems Today 1
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Volume 1 in the new series, Philosophical Problems Today, contains articles on standard problems in European and American philosophy. Quine writes on truth and discusses various difficulties connected with the clear definition of the correspondence theory of truth. Strawson, in his articles on individuals, disputes the empiricist test for the status of entity of object. Sufficient identity-conditions are satisfied by a much wider range of objects. The concept of meaning is further extended and differentiated in the article by Habermas on speech acts and actions. The notion of communicative action is central to his argument. The study of formalism, by Agazzi, is in an important sense also a study of meaning. Although for the most part developed within mathematics, formal ways of thinking have been a basic tenet within philosophy and science ever since Aristotle. In his article, Ricoeur observes that the present philosophy of history no longer engages in the speculative system building as presented in the philosophy of Hegel, Marx and Toynbee. Our philosophy of history is rather a critical reflection of various issues connected with the transmission of historical meaning
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-4522-2
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  • 11
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    Concepts and Measurement of Quality of Life in Health Care (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401583442
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 287 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: European Studies in Philosophy of Medicine 1 47
    Serie: European Studies in Philosophy of Medicine 47
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health ; Philosophy. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Political science. ; Bioethics.
    Kurzfassung: This volume brings together a number of scholarly studies on the definition, assessment and measurement of human quality of life. The book contains fundamental analyses of basic concepts such as welfare, wellbeing, happiness and quality of life itself, but contains also discussions on the application of such concepts for measuring purposes mainly in a health care context. Although the approach to these problems in the book is predominantly philosophical, there are also some studies which take a different, mainly sociological and medical, point of view. Most of the authors have a Scandinavian origin and their essays mirror the current debate on quality of life in northern Europe. The book however also contains contributions by distinguished scholars from the U.K., France, Italy and the Netherlands
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8344-2
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  • 12
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    Kant and Critique: New Essays in Honor of W.H. Werkmeister (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581790
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 200 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 227
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Ethics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: These new papers by distinguished Kant scholars are collected from a conference held in honor of one of the world's foremost authorities on Kant: William H. Werkmeister. The contributors present novel interpretations of the development of Kant's thought up to and beyond the three famous Critiques. Frederick Van De Pitte raises important questions about Kant's theory of concept formation; Paul Guyer and R.M. Hare contribute provocative essays on Kant's ethics; Donald Crawford and Ted Cohen offer valuable accounts of Kant's theory of aesthetic judgment; and two probing studies of the most interesting problems of the Opus postumum are provided by Burkhard Tuschling and Professor Werkmeister himself. This book should be read by professional Kant scholars, historians of modern philosophy, and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in these fields
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8179-0
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  • 13
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    Japanese and Western Phenomenology (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582186
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (476 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Contributions to Phenomenology 12
    Serie: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 12
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This volume has been developed from the first extensive meeting of Japanese and Western phenomenologists, which was sponsored by the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, Inc. and the Phenomenological Association of Japan and held in Sanda City. Chiefly philosophical and chiefly concerned with Husserl's thought, it also shows links with several human sciences and such figures as Wilhelm Dilthey, Eugen Fink, Martin Heidegger, Max Scheler, Alfred Schutz, and well as with Zen and the Japanese tradition in phenomenology, which is second only to the German in age and has recently blossomed anew. Further such meetings have occurred and are planning, building upon this foundation
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8218-6
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  • 14
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    Phenomenology: East and West : Essays in Honor of J.N. Mohanty (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401116121
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIX, 319 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 13
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This volume contains a broad selection of essays primarily commenting on the significant intellectual contributions of J.N. Mohanty toward phenomenology and Indian philosophy. Mohanty's work over the past thirty years reveals a remarkable grasp of numerous philosophical traditions and a wealth of original ideas, both of which have served to relax the strictures among those traditions and to broaden intellectual horizons. In commemoration of Mohanty, these essays offer a critical yet constructive discussion of his ideas. All of the essays are published here for the first time, and their authors include well known philosophers from Europe, India, the United States and Canada. Mohanty replies to these and other criticisms, taking the opportunity to clarify and further develop his views. The volume thus amounts to a critical and constructive dialogue with Mohanty, a dialogue which will, it is hoped, facilitate a continuous, sympathetic appreciation of his thought
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1612-1
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  • 15
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    The Aesthetics of Communication : Pragmatics and Beyond (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401117739
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 174 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Library of Rhetorics 2
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy. ; Linguistics. ; Arts.
    Kurzfassung: The dominant paradigm in the sciences of language conceives the subject-in-community as a truth-sayer, a communicator, and a player-economist. The major ontology of the human community reconstructs being-together as a system of interactions and transactions subject to the rules of economic rationality and, as a consequence, the community as source and target of finite strategical games. The primordial value then is the circulation of information and ideal communication is favored by the truth-functional status of our discourses. However, this dominant ontology has a few cracks. This is where the aesthetic dimension intrudes, establishing here and there the blink of an eye, shattering the economic, communicational, and truth-saying phantasm, scattering the field of being-together, fragmenting it. These aesthetic fringes conduct themselves according to the isotopy of blossoming, of rupture and fracture, of thresholds and discontinuity. Their effect is one of bedazzlement, trembling, shaking, upheaval, lightheadedness. Infinite games in conversation, the musicality of voices, understanding by flair and tact, the temporariness of nostalgic memory, reasonable pathos, are what has been emphasized in this book
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1773-9
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  • 16
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    Merleau-Ponty in Contemporary Perspective (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401117517
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 206 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage Des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 129
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 129
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: This volume evaluates the contribution of Merleau-Ponty to various philosophical problems, from the culmative point of view of more than thirty years of continental philosophy since the time of his death. However, as the various essays gathered here confirm, the title of the volume risks a certain irony - that which is involved in trying to place into vision (albeit now in only too silent and invisible a manner), namely an original thought whose creative unfolding still awaits its future. As the various papers of this volume attest, Merleau-Ponty is a contemporary philosopher who offers new directions for philosophical interrogation, who still frames in a fresh and provocative voice the issues which remain urgent for our time. Like recent collections of essays on Merleau-Ponty, the present volume offers a critical and interpretive look backward to his works from a relatively differentiated and stable vantage point from which they might come definitively into view, but beyond this the present volume is unique in also moving forward to the works of Merleau-Ponty just as we now move in an exploratory way toward the future of philosophy
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1751-7
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  • 17
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    Consciousness, Cognitive Schemata, and Relativism : Multidisciplinary Explorations in Cognitive Science (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401711418
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 253 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 15
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Anthropology ; Philosophy. ; Cognitive psychology.
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this book is to illustrate how empirical and conceptual problems interact in modern cognitive science. A multidisciplinary approach encourages us to redraw the boundaries between conceptual and empirical research. The pervading theme is the distinction between ontology and phenomenology. Part I, Cognitive models of consciousness, reviews and evaluates the contemporary discussion concerning consciousness. We suggest that the first-person, phenomenological point of view should be preserved in theories of consciousness. Part II, Cognitive schemata, deals with methodological issues, especially with cognitive explanations in anthropology. In Part III, Relativism and cognitivism, the classical problem of relativism inherent in the study of doxastic diversity is studied in the novel context provided by cognitivism. Cognitivism appears to provide a solution to the problem of relativism, but, by the same token, it invites a more profound version of relativism. For students and scholars in cognitive science, especially those working in cognitive anthropology and neuropsychology. The book does not require any previous education in philosophy. The philosophical themes and their relevance in modern empirical research are presented in accessible form. The book can be used as a university textbook for the courses that serve to introduce the students to the philosophical background of cognitive science
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1141-8
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  • 18
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    Morality and Rational Choice (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582261
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (220 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 18
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 18
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This book develops and defends a version of utilitarianism, including expected-utility theory, as a normative model of decision making. The defense, based on the idea of utility as achievement of goals, considers the endorsement of a norm as a decision and asks what reasons we have to endorse norms for decision making. The reasons derive from our pre-existing goals, so any norm we endorse must not fly in the face of these goals, although it must not be selfishly biased, either. This approach is further clarified by drawing distinctions between decisions for the self, for a single other person, for several others, and for the self and others. The book discusses the implications of this argument for the psychological study of decision making, the act--omission distinction, moral education, decision analysis, risk analysis, and other questions of public policy. The final chapter sketches a prescriptive approach to group decision making
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8226-1
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  • 19
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    The Comical : A Philosophical Analysis (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401116565
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 211 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 47
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Anthropology ; Comparative Literature ; Social sciences ; Culture. ; Arts. ; Philosophy. ; Ethnology.
    Kurzfassung: The book offers an extensive and detailed philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of the comic. The author critically presents the hitherto existing theories of the comic from Aristotle up to the present and classifies them. At the same time he advances his own definition of the comic as a broadly understood deviation from norm, which takes into account the deviation from an objectively existing norm as well as the subjective sense of the normal. Many pages have been devoted to the analysis of the main forms of the comic. The author offers their taxonomy and discusses the major techniques of evoking the comic. The final part of the book deals with the social aspects of the comic and discusses the social role of humour, mockery, satire, irony, etc. The author elaborates on the educational, integrating, punitive, and therapeuric aspects of various forms of comic activities. The book is based upon ample material drawn from a multitude of sources. The author does not limit the scope of his analysis to the philosophical and the aesthetic aspects of the comic but takes into account its extra-aesthetic occurrences and applications as presented by psychologists, cultural anthropologists, sociologists, theoreticians and historians of literature, film, and music, which makes the work truly interdisciplinary in character. The Comical: A Philosophical Analysis will be useful to aestheticians and philosophers of art, as well as to the students of literary criticism, theatre, and film studies, educational theory, psychology and even the theory of argumentation
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1656-5
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  • 20
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    Correspondence, Invariance and Heuristics : Essays in Honour of Heinz Post (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401711852
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 363 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 148
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 148
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This volume is dedicated to Heinz Post who proposed a rational model of scientific discovery. His account draws attention to the formal flaws in theories that motivate theory modification, the correspondence relations that hold between old and new theories and the cross-theoretic retention of symmetry and conservation principles. Exploring Post's model from a variety of perspectives, the contributors draw on a wide range of case studies from physics, chemistry and biology. This is the first work to examine one such model of heuristics in the context of detailed examples from science itself. It will be of interest to teachers, researchers and graduate students in both the history and philosophy of science and can be used as a textbook in advanced courses on scientific method
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1185-2
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  • 21
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    Reason, Life, Culture : Part I Phenomenology in the Baltics (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401118620
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVI, 295 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 39
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Rationality in its various expressions and innumerable applications sustains understanding and our sense of reality. It is traditionally differentiated according to its sources in the soul: in consciousness, in reason, in experience, and in elevation. Such a functional approach, however, leaves us searching for the common foundation harmonizing these rationalities. The perennial quest to resolve the aporias of rationality is finding in contemporary science’s focus on origins, on the generative roots of reality, tantalizing hints as to how this may be accomplished. This project is enhanced by the wave of recent phenomenology/ontopoiesis of life, which reveals/expresses the workings of the logos at the root of beingness and all rationality, whereby we gaze upon the prospect of a New Enlightenment. In the rays of this vision the revival of the intuitions of classical Islamic metaphysics, particularly intuition of the continuity of beingness in the gradations of life, receive fresh confirmation
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1862-0
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  • 22
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    The Context of Explanation (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401117357
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 157 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 149
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 149
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Pragmatism ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: In this book Martin Bunzl considers the prospects for a general and comprehensive account of explanation, given the variety of interests that prompt explanations in science. Bunzl argues that any successful account of explanation must deal with two very different contexts - one static and one dynamic. Traditionally, theories of explanation have been built for the former of these two contexts. That is to say, they are designed to show how it is that a 'finished' body of scientific knowledge can be put to explanatory use. But finished sciences are few and far between. Real 'explanation' also occurs in a dynamical context in which questions are asked and answers are given as theories are in the process of being constructed. Here, Bunzl argues that attending to explanation produced under these dynamic circumstances undermines prominent features of the theory of explanation produced in the traditional static context
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1735-7
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  • 23
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    Democracy and the “Kingdom of God” (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401116381
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (viii, 251 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 17
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Political science Philosophy ; History ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Religion. ; History. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: There is a consensus among Christian theologians that the symbol of the `kingdom of God', inherited from the Judaic tradition, is the key to understanding Christianity. But theologians have for millenia differed among themselves as to the interpretation of this symbol. Political ramifications of, or reactions to, this Judaeo-Christian idea have included the Holy Roman Empire, the Crusades, the `Third Rome', American Manifest Destiny, Zionism, the Third Reich, and Liberation Theology. This book focuses on the question of whether the kingdom of God is necessarily related to certain political implications, and its possible implications for democracy and democratic theory. It examines the development of the symbol in the Old and New Testaments, the diversity of related theological interpretations and political concomitants, and the significance of the `kingdom of God' in the development of present and future political formations and political theory
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1638-1
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  • 24
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    Hegel and Newtonianism (1993)
    Dordrecht : Kluver Academic Publishers | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401116626
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xiv, 786 p) , ill
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    Serie: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 136
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; History.
    Kurzfassung: This is the first comprehensive survey of the way in which Hegel reacted to the pervasive Newtonianism of his day. Various eighteenth century developments in metaphysics, the foundations of mathematics, mechanics, optics and chemistry are considered, together with Hegel's assessment of them. It becomes apparent that the criticism he levels at several of the prevailing attitudes of his day assumes a new significance once a proper distinction is drawn between Newton's own views and those of his professed followers. One of the most remarkable results of the survey is the way in which it brings out the basic convergence of many of Hegel's views with those of the historical Newton. The work is rounded off with a fully annotated bibliography of the relevant sections of Hegel's private library
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1662-6
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  • 25
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    Philosophy of Technology in Spanish Speaking Countries (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401118927
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 318 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophy and Technology 10
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Engineering. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This is the first book to collect and translate a broad spectrum of philosophical reflection on technology from throughout the Spanish-speaking world. Highlighting work from Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Spain and Venezuela -- with further representation from Argentina, Cuba, Colombia, Uruguay, and the U.S. -- it introduces both affirmatives and critical studies by younger as well as established philosophers. Of special importance are the contributions by Marcos García de la Huerta (Chile), Hugo Padilla (Mexico), Miguel Quintanilla (Spain), Juan David García Bacca (Venezuela), and Ernesto Mayz Vallenilla (Venezuela) -- all of whom are leading and influential authors, none of whom has previously appeared in English. For students and scholars concerned with the philosophy of science and technology, Latin American studies, and interdisciplinary science--technology--society programs, this text contains twenty-five papers addressing issues in the metaphysical, epistemological, ethical, political, historical, and anthropological analysis of technology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1892-7
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  • 26
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    Knowledge and Language : Volume II Lexical and Conceptual Structure (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401118422
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 238 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Applied linguistics. ; Semiotics. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Volume I Studying the relation between knowledge and language, one may distinguish two different lines of inquiry, one focusing on language as a body of knowledge, the other on language as a vehicle of knowledge. Approaching language as a body of knowledge one faces questions concerning its structure, and the relation with other types of knowledge. One will ask, then, how language is acquired and to what extent the acquisition of language and the structure of the language faculty model relate to aspects of other cognitive capacities. If language is approached as a vehicle for knowledge, the question arises what enables linguistic entities to represent facts about the world? To what extent does this rely on conventional aspects of meanings? Is it possible for language, when used non-conventionally as in metaphors, to convey intersubjective knowledge? If so (and it does seem to be the case), one may wonder what makes this possible. This book investigates the role of conceptual structure in cognitive processes, exploring it from the perspectives of philosophy of language, linguistics, political philosophy, psychology, literary theory, aesthetics, and philosophy of science. Volume II
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Semantic Structures and Semantic PropertiesThe Combinatorial Structure of Thought: The Family of Causative Concepts -- Input Systems, Anaphora, Ellipsis and Operator Binding -- Conceptual Structure and its Relation to the Structure of Lexical Entries -- Lexical Mapping -- Obligatory Adjuncts and the Structure of Events -- Stage and Adjunct Predicates: Licensing and Structure in Secondary Predication Constructions -- Middle Constructions in Dutch and English -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1842-2
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  • 27
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    Knowledge and Language : Volume I From Orwell’s Problem to Plato’s Problem (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401118408
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 272 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Applied linguistics. ; Semiotics. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Volume I Studying the relation between knowledge and language, one may distinguish two different lines of inquiry, one focusing on language as a body of knowledge, the other on language as a vehicle of knowledge. Approaching language as a body of knowledge one faces questions concerning its structure, and the relation with other types of knowledge. One will ask, then, how language is acquired and to what extent the acquisition of language and the structure of the language faculty model relate to aspects of other cognitive capacities. If language is approached as a vehicle for knowledge, the question arises what enables linguistic entities to represent facts about the world? To what extent does this rely on conventional aspects of meanings? Is it possible for language, when used non-conventionally as in metaphors, to convey intersubjective knowledge? If so (and it does seem to be the case), one may wonder what makes this possible. This book investigates the role of conceptual structure in cognitive processes, exploring it from the perspectives of philosophy of language, linguistics, political philosophy, psychology, literary theory, aesthetics, and philosophy of science. Volume II
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Reflections on Knowledge and LanguageMental Constructions and Social Reality -- Some Reflections on Our Sceptical Crisis -- The “Least Effort” Principle in Child Grammar: Choosing a Marked Parameter -- The Emergence of Bound Variable Structures -- Categories in the Parameters Perspective: Null Subjects and V-to-I -- Linguistic Theory and Language Acquisition Facts: Reformulation, Maturation or Invariance of Binding Principles -- Universal Grammar and Learnability Theory: The Case of Binding Domains and the ‘Subset Principle’ -- The Subset Principle Is an Intensional Principle -- Lexical Access in Speech Production -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1840-8
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  • 28
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    Women’s Studies of the Christian and Islamic Traditions : Ancient, Medieval and Renaissance Foremothers (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401116640
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (365 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Philosophy. ; Religion. ; International law.
    Kurzfassung: In this collection of articles, Kari Elisabeth Børresen and Kari Vogt point out the convergence of androcentric gender models in the Christian and Islamic traditions. They provide extensive surveys of recent research in women's studies, with bio-socio-cultural genderedness as their main analytical category. Matristic writers from late Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance are analysed in terms of a female God language, reshaping traditional theology. The persisting androcentrism of 20th-century Christianity and Islam, as displayed in institutional documents promoting women's specific functions, is critically exposed. This volume presents a pioneering investigation of correlated Christian and Islamic gender models which has hitherto remained uncompared by women's studies in religion. This work will serve scholars and students in the humanistic disciplines of theology, religious studies, Islamic studies, history of ideas, Medieval philosophy and women's history
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I Survey of recent researchWomen’s Studies of the Christian Tradition -- Etudes relatives aux femmes et à leer rôle dans les cultures musulmanes du VIIeau XVesiècle -- II Matristics: Late Antique, Early Christian and Islamic Foremothers -- “The Hierophant of Philosophy” - Hypatia of Alexandria -- La moniale folle du monistère des Tabennésiotes -- The Desert Mothers: Female Asceticism in Egypt from the 4th to the 6th Century -- “Becoming Male”: a Gnostic, Early Christian and Islamic Metaphor -- III Matristics: Mothers of the Church -- Ancient and Medieval Church Mothers -- Birgitta of Sweden: a Model of Theological Inculturation -- Julian of Norwich: a Model of Feminist Theology -- Caritas Pirckheimer et Vittoria Colonna -- IV Féminologie institutionelle -- Image ajustée, typologie arrêtée: Analyse critique deMulieris dignitatem -- Catholicisme et Islam: Une réthorique apologétique commune à propos de la femme.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1664-0
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  • 29
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    Husserl, Heidegger and the Crisis of Philosophical Responsibility (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401124706
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXII, 298 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous Le Patronage Des Centres D’archives-Husserl 125
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 125
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This volume sheds light upon the omnipresent discussion of `crisis' in our times by returning to the thought of the two philosophers upon which much of this talk is consciously (or unconsciously) based, namely, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. By tracing the narrative of the `crisis' from Husserl's early treatment of arithmetic and logic through to Heidegger's meditations on the essence of technology, the author not only proposes a unified reading of both Husserl's and Heidegger's work, but points to important elements of the often underplayed continuity between these phenomenologists. At the same time, the concept of `crisis' also illustrates the difference between Husserl and Heidegger. Though both define the crisis as one of `forgetting', and both view this `forgetting' as a matter of philosophical responsibility, essential divergence emerges in their interpretation of this phenomenon. Three questions uncover these points of convergence and divergence. First, does not the `forgetfulness' reveal itself as a type of felix culpa, a necessary decay that now reveals itself in a positive light, indeed, as the precondition of history itself? Second, what is presupposed when the subjects is held responsible for forgetting? Third, what are the political consequences of such `crisis'-philosophy? This last question allows access not only to hidden political aspects of Husserl's thought, but opens a further perspective for considering Heidegger's overt political activities. Husserl, Heidegger and the Crisis of Philosophical Responsibility reveals the presuppositions about history, the subject, and the subject's relationship to a community that lie at the heart of any `crisis-thinking'. While demonstrating in scholarly fashion that the notion of `crisis' forms a hermeneutical key to the work of both Husserl and Heidegger, this work also grapples with questions of considerable contemporary significance: for what is philosophy `responsible' in this age of the crisis of reason, and in a broader sense, what does it mean to be `responsible' for that which we do not fully control? The author's suggestion of a `non-calculative' philosophical responsibility moves away from any notion of philosophical `crisis-management', while still maintaining that philosophy can have practical effects and that certain elements of the Husserlian plea for philosophical responsibility retain their value
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2470-6
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  • 30
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    In the Interests of Others : An Essay in Moral Philosophy (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401127776
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 146 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 55
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Are we morally required to act in the interests of others? Does our worth as persons depend in any way on our valuing the good of others? These questions, illustrative of those addressed in this book, concern the relevance of other-interested considerations -- of facts about what is good or bad for others -- to the moral status of persons and their actions. Pursuing answers to such questions is not only interesting and important in its own right, but also yields valuable insights in to the nature of morality. A distinguishing feature of the book is its unusually comprehensive treatment of the moral significance of other-interested considerations per se, of how these considerations are interrelated, and of where they should be located in more general moral theory. It will be of greatest interest to individuals with fairly well-developed philosophical interests and abilities -- to teachers and advanced students of moral philosophy in particular
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2777-6
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  • 31
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    Hart’s Legal Philosophy : An Examination (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401580861
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 316 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 17
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Law—History. ; Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This work presents, interprets, and largely defends the legal philosophy of H.L.A. Hart, except for his account of causation. Hart is considered by many persons to be the most important English writer on jurisprudence in the 20th century. The book considers his general theory of law, his theory of rights and of the enforcement of morality, and his analysis of the conditions of legal resposibility and the justification of punishment
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8086-1
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  • 32
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    Cognition, Semantics and Philosophy : Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on Cognitive Science (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401126106
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXI, 324 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 52
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Semantics ; Artificial intelligence ; Semiotics. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1: Animal Cognition and Human Cognition: A Necessary Dialogue -- I. Introduction -- II. Characterization of Comparative Cognition -- III. Cognitive Modules and Evolution -- IV. Two Goals of Comparative Research: General Processes and Evolutionary Sequences -- V. Consciousness and Cognition -- VI. Conclusions -- 2: User Modelling in Knowledge-Based Systems -- I. Introduction -- II. Situations of Interactive Communications -- III. The Content of the User Model -- IV. Characteristic Dimensions of a User’s Model -- V. Domain-Knowledge: Shallow Versus Deep Modelling -- VI. Modelling Intentions -- VII. Building a User’s Model -- VIII. Learner’s Model -- IX. Conclusion -- 3: Changing Beliefs Rationally: Some Puzzles -- I. Background -- II. A Justification of Generalized Conditionalisation -- III. The Judy Benjamin Problem -- IV. An Apparent Counterexample to Simple Conditionalisation -- V. The Three Prisoners -- VI. Judy Benjamin Again: The Strong Strategy -- VII. Independence -- 4: On the Representation of Linguistic Information -- I. Introduction -- II. The Modularity Hypothesis -- III. Grammar, Pragmatics and Modularity -- IV. Interdisciplinarity in the Analysis of Linguistic Information -- V. Disjunct Adverbials Pragmatically Oriented Towards the Speaker or Hearer -- VI. On The Representation of Disjunct Constituents: A Multidimentional Approach -- VII. Conclusions -- 5: Modelling Memory for Models -- I. Introduction -- II. Two Senses of “Model” -- III. Models in Working Memory -- IV. Representations for Syllogistic Reasoning -- V. Distributed Bindings and Syllogistic Reasoning -- 6: On The Study of Linguistic Performance -- I. A Proposal for “Cognitive Science” and A Specification of it -- II. Current Situation in Linguistic Performance Theory -- III. Some Issues Regarding Research Programs on Linguistic Performance -- IV. Appendix -- 7: Partiality and Coherence in Concept Combination -- I. Introduction -- II. Flexibility and Specificity -- III. Sense Selection -- IV. Sense Generation -- V. Partiality, Coherence and Concept Combination -- VI. Conclusions -- 8: The Labyrinth of Attitude Reports -- I. Mental States -- II. Semantic Contents -- III. Attitude Reports as Explanations -- IV. The Crimmins-Perry Theory -- V. Reports and Reporting -- VI. Two Kinds of Attitude Reports -- VII. Reporting and Explaining -- 9: Aunty’s Own Argument for the Language of Thought -- I. Introduction: Aunty and the Language of Thought -- II. The Threat of Regress -- III. First Stage: Systematic Cognitive Processes -- IV. First Stage: From System to Syntax -- V. Second Stage: The Structure of Thought -- VI. Second Stage: Concepts and Inference -- VII. Two Objections to the Second Stage -- VIII. Conceptualised Thought and the Connectionist Programme -- IX. An Invitation to Eliminativism? -- 10: Cognitive Science And Semantic Representations -- I. Cognitive and Other Sciences as Using Representations -- II. Natural and Rational Representations -- III. Sources of Variability in Representations -- IV. Use of Prescriptive Rules -- V. Description of Natural Representations -- VI. Token Representations, Long Term Memory Representations, and the Notion of Activation -- VII. Cross-Compatibility with Neurobiology and Artificial Intelligence -- VIII. Conclusion -- 11: Anchoring Conceptual Content: Scenarios And Perception -- I. Scenarios Introduced -- II. Scenarios: Consequences and Comparisons -- III. A Further Level of Content: An Application -- IV. Spatial Reasoning and Action.
    Kurzfassung: THE PLACE OF PHILOSOPHY IN COGNITIVE SCIENCE During the last few years, many books have been published and many meetings have been held on Cognitive Science. A cursory review of their contents shows such a diversity of topics and approaches that one might well infer that there are no genuine criteria for classifying a paper or a lecture as a contribution to Cognitive Science. It is as though the only criterion is to have appeared in a book or in the programme of a meeting or title we can find the expression " . . . Cognitive Science" in whose name or something like that. Perhaps this situation is due to the (relative) youth of the field, which is seeking its own identity, still involved in a process of formation and consolidation within the scientific community; but there are actually deep disagreements about how a science of the mind should be worked out, including how to understand its own subject, that is, "the mind. "While for some the term makes reference to a set of phenomena impossible to grasp by any scientific approach, for others "the mind" would be a sort of myth, and the mental terms await elimination by other more handy and empirically tractable terms.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2610-6
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  • 33
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    Essays on Philosophy in Australia (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401580069
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 331 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 46
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Logic ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Philosophy flourished in Australia after the war. There was spectacular growth in both the number of departments and the number of philosophers. On top of this philosophy spread beyond the philosophy departments. Serious studies, and interest in philosophy is now common in faculties as diverse as law, science and education. Neither is this development merely quantitative, the Australian researcher has come of age and contributes widely to international debates. At least one movement originated in Australia. This makes the study of philosophy in Australia timely, evidenced by the number of articles concerned with this area that begin to appear in international journals. In Australia itself there is growing interest in the history of the country's philosophical development. There are discussions in conferences and meetings: the matter is now the subject of courses
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8006-9
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  • 34
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    Retribution Reconsidered : More Essays in the Philosophy of Law (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401579223
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 230 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 54
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Criminal Law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Kurzfassung: Jeffrie G. Murphy's second collection of essays further pursues the topics of punishment and retribution that were explored in his 1979 collection Retribution, Justice and Therapy. Murphy now explores these topics in the context of political philosophy as well as moral philosophy, and he now begins to develop some doubts about the version of the retributive theory with which his name has long been associated
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7922-3
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  • 35
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    Birth, Suffering, and Death : Catholic Perspectives at the Edges of Life (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401129084
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xv, 234 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophy and Medicine 41
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Medical sciences. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Medicine—History.
    Kurzfassung: The book is an effort, from within the tradition of Catholic moral theology and philosophy, to examine issues which are raised by the possibilities of medical treatment for those patients who are dying. The book looks at possible issues for newborns, the elderly, and those, at any age, with terminal disease such as AIDS. The book examines specific moral issues such as when death occurs, the extent of obligations to treat patients, and the notion of `responsibility' towards such patients. From the Foreword by Edmund D. Pellegrino: `This new Catholic Studies in Bioethics series, inaugurated with this volume, is a welcome addition to the expanding world literature in biomedical ethics. It offers a forum in which qualified scholars in the Roman Catholic tradition may present their critical reflections for Catholics and non-Catholics alike. Edited as it is by a panel of international scholars, the new series promises to reach a wide audience among theologians, health professionals, and moral philosophers.'
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2908-4
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  • 36
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    The Person and the Common Life : Studies in a Husserlian Social Ethics (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401579919
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 488 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 126
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 126
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This Husserl-based social ethics claims that the properly philosophical life -- i.e. one lived within the noetic-noematic field -- is not cut off from action. Indeed, the ethical and political dimensions of the person are disclosed through various reductions. At the passive-synthetic level as well as at the higher founded levels of personal constitution a basic sense of will emerges, the telos of which is a godly intersubjective self-ideal. This `truth of will' is inseparably an `ought' and an `is' involving moral categoriality as a way of letting the good of others be part of one's own. Both moral categoriality and the polis actuate the latent first-person plural dative of manifestation which emerges with a common world. Thereby they actuate also senses of the common life which can develop to community as a higher-order person. This leads to a eutopian anti-statist theory of the polis and common good which has affinity with some communitarian-anarchist and `Green' views
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7991-9
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  • 37
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    Vagueness : An Investigation into Natural Languages and the Sorites Paradox (1991)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401134941
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 202 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Reason and Argument 4
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I—Puzzles Problems and Paradoxes -- One Conceptions of Vagueness -- 2 Linguistic Behaviour -- 3 Approaches to Vagueness -- II—The Sorites Paradox -- 4 The Paradox -- 5 Responses to the Paradox -- 6 A Solution to the Paradox -- 7 Further Problems and Puzzles -- 8 Vagueness and Perception -- 9 Conclusions.
    Kurzfassung: This work is in two parts. It began as a general investigation of vagueness in natural languages. The Sorites Paradox came to dominate the work however, and the second part of the book consists in an discussion ofthat puzzle and related problems. The first part contains a general discussion ofthe nature ofvagueness and its sources. I discuss various conceptions of vagueness in chapter 1 and outline some of the problems to do with the conception of vagueness as a linguistic phenomenon. The most interesting of these is the Sorites paradox, which occurs where natural languages exhibit a particular variety of borderline case vagueness. I discuss some sources of vagueness of the borderline case variety, and views of the relation between linguistic behaviour and languages which are vague in this sense. I argue in chapter 2 that these problems are not to be easily avoided by statistical averaging techniques or attempts to provide a mathematical model of consensus in linguistic usage. I also consider in chapter 3 various approaches to the problem of providing an adequate logic and semantics for vague natural languages, and argue against two currently popular approaches to vagueness. These are supervaluation accounts which attempt to provide precise semantic models for vague languages based on the notion of specification spaces, and attempts to replace the laws ofclassical logic with systems offuzzy logic.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-3494-1
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  • 38
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    Ingardeniana III : Roman Ingarden’s Aesthetics in a New Key and the Independent Approaches of Others: The Performing Arts, the Fine Arts, and Literature (1991)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401137621
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 365 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 33
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I Aesthetics of the Performing Arts: Different Phenomenological Perspectives -- The Theory of Drama and Theatre: A Continuing Investigation of the Aesthetics of Roman Ingarden -- On the Sign Character of the Representing Stratum in a Film as Work of Art -- II Roman Ingarden: Some new Developments in his Scholarship -- The Temporal Composition of the Literary Work of Art and the Reader’s Aesthetic Temporality -- The Mystery of Time in Roman Ingarden’s Philosophy -- Thomas de Quincey and Roman Ingarden: The Phenomenology of the “Literature of Power” -- On Translations (Tr. by Jolanta Wawrzycka) -- III Around the ‘Passions of the Soul’ -- Grand Passions of Humble Folk: “Woyzeck” and “The Jews’ Beech” -- The Enigma of Interpretation in Chagall’s Disposition of Space -- Erotic Modes of Discourse: The Union of Mythos and Dialectic in Plato’s Phaedrus -- The Man of Genius as Artist — Suffering and World Conscience -- The Erotic Phenomenology in Kierkegaard’s Mozart -- The Agamemnon: A Drama of the Passions -- Narrative Time as Interpretation of Human Existence: “Valence” in the Present of The Ambassadors -- IV Philosophical Views Reflected in Literature -- Le langage de la création esthétique dans la phenomenology -- Unity in Vedic Aesthetics: The Self-Interacting Dynamics of the Knower, the Known, and the Process of Knowing -- An Approach to the Structure of the Japanese Elegy, in the Case of Yamanouë No Okura, a Representative Poet of Mannyoshu (The First Collection of Japanese Poetry) -- Fantastic Phenomenology -- Philosophic Filaments in Literature in English: Wordsworth to Pound -- Index of Names.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-3762-1
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  • 39
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    A History of Women Philosophers : Modern Women Philosophers, 1600-1900 (1991)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401137904
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: A History of Women Philosophers 3
    Serie: History of Women Philosophers 3
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Natural Philosophy -- IV. Feminism -- V. Conclusions -- 2. Kristina Wasa, Queen of Sweden -- I. Biography -- II. Philosophy -- III. Conclusions -- 3. Anne Finch, Viscountess Conway -- I. Biography -- II. Influence on Leibniz -- III. Philosophical Writing -- IV. Summary -- 4. Sor Juana Inés De La Cruz -- I. Biography -- II. Prose Philosophical Works -- III. Philosophical Poetry -- IV. Conclusions -- 5. Damaris Cudworth Masham -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Conclusions -- 6. Mary Astell -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Religious Epistemology and Women -- IV. Epistemology and Religious Knowledge -- V. Conclusions -- 7. Catharine Trotter Cockburn -- I. Biography -- II. Philosophical Writings -- III. Epistemological Foundations of Moral Law -- IV. Epistemological Foundation of Religion -- V. The Immortality of the Soul -- VI. Summary -- VII. Conclusions -- 8. Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier De Breteuil Du Châtelet-Lomont -- I. Biography -- II. Ethics, Religion and Philosophy of Language -- III. Collaborative Works -- IV. Metaphysics -- V. Philosophy of Science -- VI. Conclusions -- 9. Mary Wollstonecraft -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Philosophy -- IV. Conclusions -- 10. Clarisse Coignet -- I. Introduction -- II. Metaethics and Moral Philosophy -- III. Political and Social Philosophy -- IV. Conclusions -- 11. Antoinette Brown Blackwell -- I. Biography -- II. Philosophy -- III. Conclusions -- 12. Julie Velten Favre -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Philosophy -- IV. Conclusions -- 13. Women Philosophers of the Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries -- I. The Seventeenth Century -- II. The Eighteenth Century -- III. The Nineteenth Century -- IV. Conclusions.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-3790-4
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  • 40
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    Phenomenology and the Formal Sciences (1991)
    Dordrecht : Springer
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    ISBN: 9789401125802
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 263 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 8
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Heidegger and the Formalization of Thought -- The Justification of Logic and Mathematics in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- On Husserl’s Distinction between State of Affairs (Sachverhalt) and Situation of Affairs (Sachlage) -- On Situations and States of Affairs -- Modalization and Modalities -- Remarks on Modalization and Modalities -- Husserl’s Formalism -- Mathematics as a Transcendental Science -- Mathematics and the Task of Phenomenology -- ”Tertium Non Datur:” Husserl’s Conception of a Definite Multiplicity -- Psychologism Revisited -- Some Reflections on Psychologism -- How Mathematical Foundation all but come about: A Report on Studies Toward a Phenomenological Critique of Gödel’s Views on Mathematical Intuition -- On Geometric Intentionality -- Sentences which are True in Virtue of their Color -- Willard and Husserl on Logical Form -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2580-2
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  • 41
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    Connectionism and the Philosophy of Mind (1991)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401135245
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 473 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 9
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Overview -- Connectionism and the Philosophy of Mind: An Overview -- II. Connectionism vs. Classical Cognitive Science -- Connectionism, Computation, and Cognition -- Connectionism and the Notion of Levels -- Representation and Rule-Instantiation in Connectionist Systems -- What Connectionists Cannot Do: The Threat to Classical AI -- III. Connectionism and Conditioning -- Connectionism in Pavlovian Harness -- Connectionism and Conditioning -- IV. Does Cognition Require Syntactically Structured Representations? -- Systematicity, Structured Representations and Cognitive Architecture: A Reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn -- An Explanatory Budget for Connectionism and Eliminativism -- Settling into a New Paradigm -- Putting a Price on Cognition -- V. Can Connectionism Provide Syntactically Structured Representations? -- The Constituent Structure of Connectionist Mental States: A Reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn -- Representation in Pictorialism and Connectionism -- Connectionism and the Problem of Systematicity: Why Smolensky’s Solution Doesn’t Work -- Classical Questions, Radical Answers: Connectionism and the Structure of Mental Representations -- Connectionism versus Symbolism in High-Level Cognition -- VI. Connectionism and Philosophy -- Connectionism and the Specter of Representationalism -- Is Perception Cognitively Mediated -- Leaping to Conclusions: Connectionism, Consciousness, and the Computational Mind -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data­ processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and to computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. One of the most, if not the most, exciting developments within cognitive science has been the emergence of connectionism as an alternative to the computational conception of the mind that tends to dominate the discipline. In this volume, John Tienson and Terence Horgan have brought together a fine collection of stimulating studies on connectionism and its significance. As the Introduction explains, the most pressing questions concern whether or not connectionism can provide a new conception of the nature of mentality. By focusing on the similarities and differences between connectionism and other approaches to cognitive science, the chapters of this book supply valuable resources that advance our understanding of these difficult issues. J.H.F.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-3524-5
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  • 42
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    In defence of folk psychology (1990)
    In:  volume:59 | number:1 | pages:31-54 | date:5.1990 | Philosophical studies 59, Heft 1, 31-54, 5.1990
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0883
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource, 1 online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Philosophical studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1950-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:59
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:31-54
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:5.1990
    Angaben zur Quelle: 59, Heft 1, 31-54, 5.1990
    DDC: 391
    Schlagwort(e): (lcsh)Philosophy. ; (lcsh)Knowledge, Theory of. ; (lcsh)Philosophy of mind. ; (lcsh)Ethics. ; (lcsh)Metaphysics. ; (lcsh)Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy of Mind. ; Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics. ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy of Language.
    DOI: 10.1007/BF00368390
    URN: urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023102021095021804505
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00368390
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023102021095021804505
    URL: https://d-nb.info/1306741416/34
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00368390
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  • 43
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    Phenomenology and Aesthetics : Approaches to Comparative Literature and the Other Arts (1990)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400920279
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 32
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Comparative Literature ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: One The Life Significance of Literature -- A. History and Phenomenological Literary Theory -- The Concept of Autonomous Art and Literature Within Their Historical Context -- B. Time and Description in Fiction -- On the Manifold Significance of Time in the Novel -- One Autobiographer’s Reality: Robbe-Grillet -- Heidegger and English Poetry -- Expressionist Signs and Metaphors in Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time -- Two Phenomenology and Literature: The Human Conditon -- A. The Primeval Sources of Literary Creation -- Faulkner/Lévinas: The Vivacity of Disaster -- The Recursive Matrix: Jealousy and the Epistemophilic Crisis -- Phenomenology and the Structure of Desirability -- B. The Experience of the Other -- The Voice of Luxembourg Poets -- The Ramatoulaye-Aissatou Styles in Contemporary African Feminism(s) -- Nature and Civilization as Metaphor in Michel Rio’s Dreaming Jungles -- Problems of Literary Expression in Les Nourritures Terrestres -- Lucie Sebetka: The Phenomenon of Abandonment in Milan Kundera’s The Joke -- Three Aesthetic Reception -- A. Life-Reverberation and Aesthetic Enjoyment -- “Essential Witnesses”: Imagism’s Aesthetic “Protest” and “Rescue” via Ancient Chinese Poetry -- Towards a Post-Modern Hermeneutic Ontology of Art: Nietzschean Style and Heideggerian Truth -- Le Véritable Saint Genest: From Text to Performance -- B. The Existential Significance of Aesthetic Enjoyment -- Husserl, Fantasy and Possible Worlds -- Phenomenological Ontology and Second Person Narrative: The Case of Butor and Fuentes -- Modifications: A Reading of Auden and Iser -- C. Aesthetic Reception and the Other Arts -- A Study of Visual Form in Literary Imagery -- Indian and Western Music: Phenomenological Comparison from Tagore’s Viewpoint -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: and the one in the middle which judges as he enjoys and enjoys as he judges. This latter kind really reproduces the work of art anew. The division of our Symposium into three sections is justified by the fact that phenomenology, from Husserl, Heidegger, Moritz Geiger, Ingarden, in Germany and Poland, Merleau-Ponty, Paul Ricoeur, E. Levinas in France, Unamuno in Spain, and Tymieniecka, in the United States, have revealed striking coincidences in trying to answer the following questions: What is the philosophical vocation of literature? Does literature have any significance for our lives? Why does the lyric moment, present in all creative endeavors, in myth, dance, plastic art, ritual, poetry, lift the human life to a higher and authentically human level of the existential experience of man? Our investigations answer our fundamental inquiry: What makes a literary work a work of art? What makes a literary work a literary work, if not aesthetic enjoyment? As much as the formation of an aesthetic language culminates in artistic creation, the formation of a philosophical language lives within the orbit of creative imagination.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2027-9
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  • 44
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    Truth and Belief : Interpretation and Critique of the Analytical Theory of Religion (1990)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400921450
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 14
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Kurzfassung: Series Editor’s Preface -- Foreword -- Preface -- I. The Linguistic Veto -- 1. Philosophy as scientific theory -- 2. The verification problem and religious language in Wittgenstein’s early work -- 3. The interpretation of religious statements as basic-propostitions and “quoque tu argument” -- 4. Syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics -- 5. Philosophy as linguistic-analysis -- II. On the Problem of the Use of Religious Language -- 1. Rationalist criticism of the religious proposition -- 2. The three main trends in the analytical philosophy of religion -- 3. Neutrality in method and religious interest -- 4. The uniqueness of the religious use of language -- 5. “Believing that” and “believing in” -- III. Belief Without Truth -- 1. Founding the emotive turn in meaning according to Wittgenstein. -- 2. The reduction theory of the religious statement -- 3. Existential participation -- 4. “Blik” and the decision for belief -- 5. The religious attitude and its justification -- IV. Belief as Truth -- 1. Foundation of the analytical theory of comprehension -- 2. The religious language game -- 3. Criteria for the religious use of language -- 4. Analogical principle -- 5. Intelligibility and truth -- V. Belief and Truth -- 1. The foundation of the linguistic analytical theory of truth -- 2. Is existence a predicate? -- 3. The ontological proof of God -- 4. Criticism of Ontological Proof -- 5. Eschatological Verification -- Epilogue -- Footnotes -- List of Abbreviations.
    Kurzfassung: The task of the following considerations is the elucidation of the relationship of religion to thought. Every philosophical investigation with this task proceeds under the expectation that it will take into account religious self-understanding. Herein lies the special difficulty of a philosophical theory of religion. On the one hand, the philosopher of religion may not assume this self-understanding in order to avoid offering a religious theory (a theology) instead of the philosophical theory expected from him. On the other hand, he cannot by-pass religious self-understanding because this is the key to insight into the uniqueness of religious discourse. Without knowledge of this uniqueness, it is impossible to indicate the conditions under which religious statements lead to the question of truth. Even if religion cannot prescribe to philosophical investigation, whose methods the latter must apply to examine its object, it may in addition require that the standard by which it is measured be suited to grasp those special characteristics which mark it as different from other realms of life. Therefore, it may be required of the philosophical interpretation, that the question of the legitimacy and validity of religious self-understanding be treated from the very beginning as an open one, and not as one already decided. If this question is rashly decided in the negative, then all analysis of religious propositions is necessarily done along the guidelines of a method that in its foundation masks of the religious thematic.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2145-0
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  • 45
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    John of the Cross and the Cognitive Value of Mysticism : An Analysis of Sanjuanist Teaching and its Philosophical Implications for Contemporary Discussions of Mystical Experience (1990)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400920071
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 37
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Religion (General) ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Religion. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: One / John of the Cross -- 1.1. Preliminary Remarks -- 1.2. The Man -- 1.3. The Texts -- Two / The Doctrine of St. John of the Cross: The Structure of the Human Person -- 2.1. The Sensory Part of the Soul -- 2.2. The “Spiritual Part” of the Soul -- Three / The Doctrine of St. John of the Cross: The Dynamics of Spiritual Development -- 3.1. The Starting Point: Human Existence as “Fallen” -- 3.2. The Stages and Means of Spiritual Growth -- 3.3. The Goal of Religious Development -- Four / Some Transitional Observations on the Nature of Christian Mysticism and the Data to Be Explained -- 4.1. Toward a More Adequate Characterization of Christian Mysticism -- 4.2. The Data to Be Explained -- Five / Some Objections Considered -- 5.1 Objections Based on the Problem of Inter-Subjective Agreement -- 5.2. Objections Based on the Issue of Testability -- 5.3. Other Objections -- Six / Mysticism and the Explanatory Mode of Inference -- 6.1. Explanations and the Explanatory Mode of Inference -- 6.2. Competing Explanations of Mysticism -- 6.3. The Reasonableness of Accepting Mysticism as a Cognitive Mode of Experience -- Seven / Conclusions -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: Among Anglo-American philosophers, interest in mysticism has typically been limited to the question of whether or not mystical and religious experi­ ences provide evidence for, or knowledge of, the existence and nature of God. Most authors conclude that they do not, because such experiences lack certain qualities needed in order to be counted as cognitive. In this study I examine some current philosophical opinions about mysticism and objec­ tions to its epistemic significance in the context of a detailed study of the writings of a single mystical author, the Spanish Carmelite Saint John of the Cross (1542-1591). I argue that from his works one can draw a coherent theory of what takes place in the Christian mystical life, and will indicate how acceptance of this theory might be defended as rational through a type of inference often referred to as the "Argument to the Best Explanation. " In this way I hope to show that mysticism still has a significant bearing on the justification of religious faith even if it cannot be used to "prove" the exis­ tence of God. The nature and advantages of my own somewhat unusual approach to mysticism can perhaps best be explained by contrasting it with the way other authors have dealt with the subject. One of the most striking develop­ ments in recent decades has been the growing fascination with mysticism, meditation, and the experiential aspects of religion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2007-1
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  • 46
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    Husserl and Analytic Philosophy (1990)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400918887
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 116
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 116
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Psychologism and Logical Analysis -- 1. The Debate about Psychologism -- 2. Frege’s Critique of Psychologism -- 3. Propositions and Facts -- 4. Kantian and Platonic Fragments -- 5. Senses as Modes of Givenness -- II Semantics Without Epistemology -- 1. From Semantics to Pragmatism -- 2. Wittgenstein’s Metaphors -- 3. Private Sensations and Public Concepts -- 4. Tacit and Prepositional Knowing -- III. Quantifiers and Bound Variables -- 1. Functions and Concepts -- 2. Frege’s Critique of Traditional Logic -- 3. The Quantifier-Variable Notation -- 4. Leibniz’ Law -- 5. Concepts and their value-ranges: Two Paradoxes -- 6. Substitution vs. Intuition -- IV. On What There is -- 1. The Many Senses of the Science of Being -- 2. The Theory of Substance: From Aristotle to Leibniz -- 3. Frege’s Critique of the Theory of Substance -- 4. Concepts: Modes of Presentation or Extensions -- 5. Referential Opacity -- 6. The Impoverishment of Ontology -- V. Assertion and Predication -- 1. The Development of the Modern Theory of Judgment -- 2. Intentional Directedness and Propositional Attitudes -- 3. Brentano and Frege -- 4. Strawson’s Critique of Russell -- 5. Sortal Predicates and Contextual Identification -- VI. Psychologism and Cognitive Intuition -- 1. From Soul to Mind -- 2. Husserl’s Breakthrough: Early Writings -- 3. Husserl and the Language of Modern Philosophy -- 4. Signs and Signification -- 5. Judgments and Propositions -- 6. The Context of Reference -- 7. Truth as Identity-synthesis -- 8. Categorial Intuition -- 9. A Productive Paradox -- VII. Husserl’s Transcendental Turn -- 1. Kant’s Transcendentalism -- 2. The Idea of Phenomenology -- 3. Regions and Dimensions -- 4. Propositions and Facts: A Transcendental Approach -- VIII. Reason and History -- 1. Esprit de géométrie -- 2. Naturalism and the Logical Calculus -- 3. Naturalism and Historicism -- 4. Essences and Historical Perspectives.
    Kurzfassung: The principal differences between the contemporary philosophic traditions which have come to be known loosely as analytic philosophy and phenomenology are all related to the central issue of the interplay between predication and perception. Frege's critique of psychologism has led to the conviction within the analytic tradition that philosophy may best defend rationality from relativism by detaching logic and semantics from all dependence on subjective intuitions. On this interpretation, logical analysis must account for the relationship of sense to reference without having recourse to a description of how we identify particulars through their perceived features. Husserl' s emphasis on the priority and objective import of perception, and on the continuity between predicative articulations and perceptual discriminations, has yielded the conviction within the phenomenological tradition that logical analysis should always be comple­ mented by description of pre-predicative intuitions. These methodological differences are related to broader differences in the philosophic projects of analysis and phenomenology. The two traditions have adopted markedly divergent positions in reaction to the critique of ancient and medieval philosophy initiated by Bacon, Descartes, and Hobbes at the beginning of the modern era. The analytic approach generally endorses the modern preference for calculative rationality and remains suspicious of pre-modern categories, such as formal causality and eidetic intuition. Its goal is to give an account of human intelligence that is compatible with the modern interpretation of nature as an ensemble of quantifiable entities and relations.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1888-7
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  • 47
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    Logic Counts (1990)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400906877
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Reason and Argument 3
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Towards Philosophy -- Logical Concerns of Philosophical Analysis -- Ontologies and Ontologics -- Truth, Sense and Assertion, or: What Plato Should Have Told the Sophists -- Identity over Time -- Two Levels of Modality: An Algebraic Approach -- Elzenberg’s Logic of Values -- When May G.E.Moore’s Definition of an Internal Relation Be Used Rationally? -- II. Historical Perspective -- History of Logic and the Criteria of Rationality -- On the Origin of Reductio AD Absurdum -- Premonition of Mathematical Logic in Aristotle’s Prior Analytics -- “Impossibilia” of Siger of Brabant -- Defending Theses in Mathematics at a 19th Century University -- Basic Norm and Metalanguage. Historical Background of Kelsen’s Ideas -- III. Logic and Natural Language -- Early Systems of Formal Pragmatics -- Deduction and the Concept of Assertion -- Methodological Interdependencies between Conceptualization and Operationalization in Empirical Social Sciences -- Game-Theoretical Semantics Applied to Definite Descriptions and Anaphora -- On Logical Analysis of Ordinary Sentences -- Game Theoretical Semantics with Value-Gaps and Discourse Analysis -- The Semantic and Formal Connections between Text Components -- Index of Names.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0687-7
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  • 48
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    Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning (1990)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400905535
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (446p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 5
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    Schlagwort(e): Computer science ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Linguistics. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I / Defeasible Reasoning and the Frame Problem -- Defeasible Logic and The Frame Problem -- Monotonic Solution of The Frame Problem in The Situation Calculus: An Efficient Method for Worlds with Fully Specified Actions -- A Framework for Reasoning with Defaults -- The Frame Problem and Relevant Predication -- II / Representation Problems and Ordinary Language -- Thing and Thought -- Bare Plurals as Plural Indefinite Noun Phrases -- Seeing To it That: A Canonical Form for Agentives -- Speaker Plans, Linguistic Contexts, and Indirect Speech Acts -- III / Inference Rules and Belief Revision -- Belief Revision, Non-Monotonic Reasoning, and the Ramsey Test -- Jeffrey’s Rule, Passage of Experience, and Neo-Bayesianism -- Two Perspectives on Consensus for (Bayesian) Inference and Decisions -- Conditionals and Conditional Probabilities: Three Triviality Theorems -- IV / Logical Problems in Representing Knowledge -- Inheritance Theory and Path-Based Reasoning: An Introduction -- Defeasible Specification of Utilities -- to A Logic of Assertions -- A New Normative Theory of Probabilistic Logic -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data­ processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) ani­ mal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psy­ chology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelli­ gence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental, and methodological studies will also ap­ pear from time to time. The present volume provides a collection of studies that focus on some of the central problems within the domain of artificial intelligence. These difficulties fall into four principal areas: defeasible reasoning (including the frame problem as apart), ordinary language (and the representation prob­ lems that it generates), the revision of beliefs (and its rules of inference), and knowledge representation (and the logical problems that are encountered there). These papers make original contributions to each of these areas of inquiry and should be of special interest to those who understand the crucial role that is played by questions of logical form. They vividly illustrate the benefits that can emerge from collaborative efforts involving scholars from linguistics, philosophy, computer science, and AI. J. H. F.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0553-5
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