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  • 2010-2014  (12)
  • 1940-1944
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (11)
  • München : GRIN Verlag GmbH
  • Entwicklungsländer  (12)
Datenlieferant
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Jahr
  • 1
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Galiani, Sebastian The Effect of Aid on Growth
    Schlagwort(e): 1987-2010 ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Schätzung ; Entwicklungsländer
    Kurzfassung: The literature on aid and growth has not found a convincing instrumental variable to identify the causal effects of aid. This paper exploits an instrumental variable based on the fact that since 1987, eligibility for aid from the International Development Association (IDA) has been based partly on whether or not a country is below a certain threshold of per capita income. The paper finds evidence that other donors tend to reinforce rather than compensate for reductions in IDA aid following threshold crossings. Overall, aid as a share of gross national income (GNI) drops about 59 percent on average after countries cross the threshold. Focusing on the 35 countries that have crossed the income threshold from below between 1987 and 2010, a positive, statistically significant, and economically sizable effect of aid on growth is found. A one percentage point increase in the aid to GNI ratio from the sample mean raises annual real per capita growth in gross domestic product by approximately 0.35 percentage points. The analysis shows that the main channel through which aid promotes growth is by increasing physical investment
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Calì, Massimiliano Trade and Civil Conflict
    Schlagwort(e): 1960 - 2010 ; Bürgerkrieg ; Politische Instabilität ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Rohstoffpreis ; Entwicklungsländer
    Kurzfassung: This paper revisits and expands the evidence on the impact of trade shocks on intra-state conflict with a large sample of developing countries in the 1960-2010 period. The results suggest that increases in the prices of a country's exported commodities raise the country's risk of civil conflict and its duration. The effect on conflict risk is mainly driven by the price of point-source commodities, in line with the rapacity effect theory of conflict. However, the paper does not find support for the opportunity cost theory via exported commodities. The analysis also finds that intense trading with contiguous countries is associated with lower duration of intra-state conflict, consistent with the idea that such trade reduces the incentive of contiguous countries to fuel conflict in their neighbor. Trading with neighbors is also associated with a lower risk of conflict, when such trade occurs under trade agreements. By contrast, neither imported commodity prices nor the economic cycle in export markets appears to exert any influence on the probability or duration of conflict. The paper identifies several conditions under which changes in the value of exported commodities cease to matter for conflict probability
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Smets, Lodewijk World Bank Lending and the Quality of Economic Policy
    Schlagwort(e): Weltbank ; Internationale Organisation ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Entwicklungsländer
    Kurzfassung: This study investigates the impact of World Bank development policy lending on the quality of economic policy. It finds that the quality of policy increases, but at a diminishing rate, with the cumulative number of policy loans. Similar results hold for the cumulative number of conditions attached to policy loans, although quadratic specifications indicate that additional conditions may even reduce the quality of policy beyond some point. The paper measures the quality of economic policy using the World Bank's Country Policy and Institutional Assessments of macro, debt, fiscal and structural policies, and considers only policy loans targeted at improvements in those areas. Previous studies finding weaker effects of policy lending on macro stability have failed to distinguish loans primarily intended to improve economic policy from other loans targeted at improvements in sector policies or in public management. The paper also shows that investing in economic policy does not "crowd out" policy improvements in other areas such as public sector governance or human development. The results are robust to using alternative indicators of policy quality, and correcting for endogeneity with system generalized methods of moments and cross-sectional two-stage least squares. The more positive results in the study relative to some previous studies based on earlier loans are consistent with claims by the World Bank that it has learned from its mistakes with traditional adjustment lending
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Basu, Karna Asymmetric Punishment as an Instrument of Corruption Control
    Schlagwort(e): Korruption ; Strafrecht ; Whistleblowing ; Nash-Gleichgewicht ; Entwicklungsländer
    Kurzfassung: The control of bribery is a policy objective in many developing countries. It has been argued that asymmetric punishments could reduce bribery by incentivizing whistle-blowing. This paper investigates the role played by asymmetric punishment in a setting where bribe size is determined by Nash bargaining, detection is costly, and detection rates are set endogenously. First, when detection rates are fixed, the symmetry properties of punishment are irrelevant to bribery. Bribery disappears if expected penalties are sufficiently high; otherwise, bribe sizes rise as expected penalties rise. Second, when detection rates are determined by the bribe-giver, a switch from symmetric to asymmetric punishment either eliminates bribery or allows it to persist with larger bribe sizes. Furthermore, when bribery persists, multiple bribe sizes could survive in equilibrium. The paper derives parameter values under which each of these outcomes occurs and discusses how these could be interpreted in the context of existing institutions
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Bettin, Giulia Remittances and Vulnerability in Developing Countries
    Schlagwort(e): 2005 - 2011 ; Rücküberweisungen ; Schock ; Konjunktur ; Gravitationsmodell ; Italien ; Entwicklungsländer
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines how international remittances are affected by structural characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, and adverse shocks in both source and recipient economies. The paper exploits a novel, rich panel data set, covering bilateral remittances from 103 Italian provinces to 87 developing countries over the period 2005-2011. Remittances are negatively correlated with the business cycle in recipient countries and increase especially strongly in response to adverse exogenous shocks, such as natural disasters or large terms-of-trade declines. Financial development in the source economy, which eases access to financial services for migrants and reduces transaction costs, is positively associated with remittances. Conversely, recipient-country financial development is negatively associated with remittances, suggesting that remittances help alleviate credit constraints
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Eden, Maya "Crowding in" and the Returns to Government Investment in Low-Income Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentliche Investition ; Private Investition ; Verdrängungseffekt ; Return on Investment ; Entwicklungsländer
    Kurzfassung: This paper estimates the effect of government investment on private investment in a sample of 39 low-income countries. Fluctuations in a predetermined component of disbursements on loans from official creditors to developing country governments are used as an instrument for fluctuations in public investment. The analysis finds evidence of "crowding in": an extra dollar of government investment raises private investment by roughly two dollars, and output by 1.5 dollars. To understand the implications for the return to public investment, a CES production function with public and private capital as inputs is calibrated. For most countries in the sample, the returns to government investment exceed the world interest rate. However, for some countries that already have high government investment rates, the return to further investment is below the world interest rate
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Quatraro, Francesco Drivers of Entrepreneurship and Post-Entry Performance of Newborn Firms in Developing Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Unternehmensgründung ; Entrepreneurship ; Unternehmenserfolg ; Schumpeterismus ; Entwicklungsländer
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this paper is to provide an updated survey of the "state of the art" in entrepreneurial studies with a particular focus on developing countries (DCs). In particular, the concept of "entrepreneurship" is critically discussed, followed by a discussion of the institutional, macroeconomic, and microeconomic conditions that affect the entry of new firms and the post-entry performance of newborn firms. The reviewed literature bears some policy implications for the support of the creation new firms, such as the targeting of policy measures to prospective entrepreneurs who possess high education levels, long previous job experience, and innovative skills. Specifically, for DCs, tailored subsidies and support should be coupled with framework and infrastructural policies that are able to improve the business environment such that new ventures can start and grow
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9783656553519
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 330
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltigkeit ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit ; Indonesien ; Entwicklungsländer ; (Produktform)Electronic book text ; (BISAC Subject Heading)SOC002010 ; paradigma;nachhaltigkeit;spannungsfeld;aspekten;beispiel;palmoelproduktion;indonesien ; (VLB-WN)1752
    Anmerkung: Lizenzpflichtig. - Vom Verlag als Druckwerk on demand und/oder als E-Book angeboten
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Ausgabe: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Eden, Maya Sovereign Defaults and Expropriations
    Schlagwort(e): Staatsbankrott ; Auslandsinvestition ; Enteignung ; Entwicklungsländer
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses a large cross-country dataset to empirically examine factors associated with sovereign defaults on external private creditors and expropriation of foreign direct investments in developing countries since the 1970s. In the long run, sovereign defaults and expropriations are likely to occur in the same countries. In the short run, however, these events are uncorrelated. Defaults are more likely to occur following periods of rapid debt accumulation, when growth is low, and in countries with weak policy performance, and defaults are not strongly persistent over time. In contrast, expropriations are not systematically related to the level of foreign direct investment, to growth, or to policy performance. Expropriations are however less likely under right-wing governments, and are strongly persistent over time. There is also little evidence that a history of recent defaults is associated with expropriations, and vice versa. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for models that emphasize retaliation as means for sustaining sovereign borrowing and foreign investment in equilibrium, as well as the implications for political risk insurance against the two types of events
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9780821386774
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: xviii, 183 p , ill., graph Darst. , 23 cm
    Serie: Human development
    Serie: Perspectives
    DDC: 305.23109172/4
    Schlagwort(e): Cognition in children ; Children Economic conditions ; Children Social conditions ; Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; Developing Countries ; Infant ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Armut ; Entwicklungsländer ; Kleinkind ; Kognitive Entwicklung ; Soziale Situation ; Wirtschaftliche Lage ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Kind ; Soziale Situation
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Cognitive development among young children in low-income countries -- The influence of economic crisis on early childhood development : a review of pathways and measured impact -- Conflicts, epidemics and orphanhood : the impact of extreme events on the health and educational achievements of children -- Promoting equity through early child development interventions for children from birth through three years of age -- The convergence of equity and efficiency in ECD programs.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 11
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (224 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Development Economics ; Economic Policy ; Environmental Economics ; Natural Resource Management ; Poverty Reduction Strategies ; Rural Development ; Trade ; Entwicklungsländer ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung ; Armut ; Umweltverschmutzung
    Kurzfassung: While some argue that trade liberalization has raised incomes and led to environmental protection in developing countries, others claim that it generates neither poverty reduction nor sustainability. The detailed case studies in this book demonstrate that neither interpretation is universally correct, given how much depends on specific policies and institutions that determine 'on-the-ground' outcomes. Drawing on research from six countries around the developing world, the book also presents the unique perspectives of researchers at both the world's largest development organization (The World Bank) and the world's largest conservation organization (World Wildlife Fund) on the debate over trade liberalization and its effects on poverty and the environment. The authors trace international trade rules and events down through national development contexts to investigate on-the-ground outcomes for real people and places. The studies underscore the importance of evaluating trade from a perspective that pays attention to environmental and social vulnerability and understands the linkages between poverty reduction and environmental protection. The lessons drawn provide a critical first step in developing the appropriate response options needed to ensure that trade plays a positive role in promoting truly sustainable development
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  • 12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Ausgabe: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Noumba Um, Paul Is the Level of Financial Sector Development A Key Determinant of Private Investment in the Power Sector ?
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Versorgungswirtschaft ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Panel ; Entwicklungsländer
    Kurzfassung: This paper seeks to assess the extent to which a country's overall level of development and that of its financial sector, in particular, are factors that attract private capital into infrastructure projects. The authors investigate these effects in a 1990-2007 dataset on the power sector in 37 developing countries. The results suggest that economic growth is a key determinant of private investors' investment in infrastructure projects, and that investors tend to take countries’ governance quality into account in their decisions to invest. The empirical results highlight that the development of the financial sector also plays a significant role in private investors' decisions to enter infrastructure sectors. In particular, the degree of country risk and exchange rate volatility is found to be negatively related to the volume of private sector investment in power projects. Furthermore, when the banking sector and the capital market are separately treated in the analysis, the existence of a well functioning capital market is the main attracting factor. In addition, the existence of an independent energy regulatory authority significantly improves the level of private investors' implication in energy projects. When accounting for the interactions between the overall economic development and the financial sector development variables, the effects of these variables are still significant and the results also confirm the importance of an independent energy sector regulator
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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