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  • 1990-1994  (20)
  • 1991  (20)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (20)
  • Economics  (20)
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  • 1990-1994  (20)
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  • 1
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.93
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: During the 1980s, following the Mexican payments crisis of August 1982, a number of debt "plans" and "strategies" have been introduced, but overall progress in resolving the situation has been slow. This paper results from a project to investigate the relationship between macroeconomic developments in OECD countries and those in debtor countries. The aim is to develop tools that can help to throw light on the importance of international linkages, including those between OECD and debtor countries, in order to understand better why many of the hopes and expectations of the various debt plans have not been realised. This paper presents a set of models for Latin America (DEMOD) that can be used to analyze the impact of the world macroeconomy on the economies of Latin America; these have been designed to focus in particular on growth and debt servicing capacity and to trace the development of creditworthiness indicators. In addition, debt accounting models for the highly indebted ...
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  • 2
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 70 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.99
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper describes a Business Sector Data Base (BSDB) for OECD countries constructed in the context of recent work of the OECD Economics and Statistics Department. It discusses many of the problems of consistency between the usual sources of economic statistics for each of the concepts used and describes the choices made to construct a consistent data base. In two important areas where major problems arise, namely the treatment of capital stock and energy, it has been necessary to construct a number of new estimates. The resulting data base is available on PC diskette to the general public on a subscription basis ...
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.81
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The paper addresses the question of whether financial liberalisation and innovation has significantly altered consumption behaviour by reducing liquidity constraints as capital markets become more flexible. A consumption model in which the permanent income hypothesis and extreme Keynesian consumption functions are nested as special cases is the starting point for this analysis. Estimated values for the sensitivity of consumption to current income for different time periods and for several OECD countries are assessed and compared in the light of various econometric properties, country specific liberalisation measures and a variety of proxies reflecting changing liquidity constraints ...
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.101
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The P-star approach has been developed by the U.S. Federal Reserve as a new indicator of inflationary pressures. This paper assesses its usefulness for 20 OECD Member countries. Regression results are presented and in-sample tracking ability and forecasting performance of the equations are compared to rival inflation models and official OECD projections ...
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.92
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The rise in European unemployment has inspired much new research on the causes and mechanisms of unemployment, analogous to the interest devoted to unemployment in the 1930s. The new research has to a large extent focused on wage-setting behaviour, as is revealed by the rapid growth of theoretical and empirical work on models of wage bargaining, insider-outsider relationships, and efficiency wages. A common theme in this new work is a desire to provide satisfactory microeconomic foundations for the existence and persistence of involuntary unemployment. This paper offers a survey of recent research on unemployment persistence and insider-outsider forces in wage determination. It begins in Section II with an overview of major themes in the theoretical work on unemployment. Section III reviews results from a number of recent empirical studies inspired by these new theories. Section IV concludes with a discussion of directions for future research ...
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  • 6
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.103
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Secretariat has developed a multi-region, multi-sector. dynamic general equilibrium model to quantify the economy-wide and global costs of policies to curb emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). The project is called the GeneRal Equilibrium ENvironmental model, hereafter referred to as GREEN. The purpose of this paper is to outline the main features of GREEN in a non-technical fashion and to present some preliminary results from three scenarios of alternative international agreements to cut CO2 emissions. The paper also sets out a range of options for possible extensions to the model, with the explicit aim of improving its policy relevance ...
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.91
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: A recent study by David Aschauer suggested a novel explanation for the slowdown of private-sector total factor productivity (TFP) in the United States in the early 1970s. He argues that it is due to the roughly contemporaneous slowdown in the rate of investment in public-sector infrastructure. Using data for eleven OECD countries, this note provides only mixed support for Aschauer's hypothesis. With series starting in the 1960s for most countries, regression analysis found a significant effect of infrastructure on TFP in about half the countries. A longer-term perspective was also examined for the United States. On the basis of data going back to the end of the 19th century, it appears that there was no relationship between infrastructure and TFP until after World War II ...
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.106
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Taxes levied on the carbon content of fuels (carbon taxes) are being considered in many OECD countries as a possible policy instrument to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This paper first reviews the policy response in Member countries to the threat of global warming. It then discusses the link between carbon emission intensities and current energy prices, touching also on the relative price effects of current energy policies and the implicit carbon taxes reflected in present energy taxation for different fuels. Finally, the likely size of carbon taxes and associated tax revenue is illustrated by simulations of OECD's GREEN model for equiproportionate emission cuts and a global permit trading system ...
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.105
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Saving has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Research has focused on questions about its adequacy, determinants and measurement. This paper considers the latter issue. The main trends in world-wide and OECD-area saving over the last two to three decades are reviewed. Subsequently, the appropriateness of the saving concept used in traditional national accounts is discussed. To examine the size of some of the potential problems, a number of adjustments to traditionally measured saving are made. The concluding section raises some questions about appropriate measurement of saving, saving behaviour and policy responses to perceived lack of saving ...
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264164444
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (153 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; République fédérative tchèque et slovaque 1991
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : République fédérative tchèque et slovaque 1991
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Kurzfassung: OECD's 1991 Economic Survey of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic examines historical background and conditions at the start of reform, macroeconomic developments and policies, structural reform, integration into the world economy and financial markets.
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.95
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper is one of four in this Working Paper Series, focusing on financial liberalisation, along with those of Kupiec, Driscoll and Blundell-Wignall and Browne. It surveys recent work, both theoretical and empirical, on the question of market efficiency in various asset markets. A number of studies of behaviour in the foreign exchange market, which provide evidence of departures from efficiency, are described. The paper summarises and discusses the implications of research on the effects of noise trading by "irrational" groups of agents, with particular reference to the stock market. The housing market is also considered as an example where pronounced price "bubbles" have appeared. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential welfare impact of departures from efficiency in the foreign exchange market, where it is argued that the case for some form of intervention is strongest ...
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.100
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The rapid increase -- over the next thirty years -- in the population share of persons above retirement age has led to a steady increase in attention paid by OECD Governments to questions concerning old age income maintenance. The attached paper looks at the proper role the Government can play in the provision of income for the elderly. The analysis starts with a discussion of the outcomes that can be expected under private contracting, in the absence of any specific Government intervention. Equity and efficiency concerns with these outcomes are identified, and the paper then examines how alternative forms of Government intervention, including comprehensive public old age pension schemes, can potentially improve on these outcomes. Explicit consideration is given to limitations on Governments' ability to achieve desired goals, as well as market distortions introduced by Government intervention ...
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.98
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper brings together a number of interrelated issues concerning the implications of financial liberalisation for macroeconomic outcomes. Deregulation has tended to reduce the importance of liquidity constraints within and between countries, while at the same time giving markets a much greater role in utilising available information to achieve efficient outcomes. This has had implications for private spending behaviour and the transmission channels of monetary policy; for the volatility of financial prices; for the price and credit risks which arise; and for the integration of international financial markets and the process of external adjustment ...
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.102
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The paper reviews some key characteristics of the recoveries experienced by the seven major OECD countries in the 1970s and 1980s. It presents data on the cyclical evolution of demand components, fiscal and monetary variables, labour market and inflation around cyclical troughs. A final section sketches the main features of the recovery which is envisaged in the latest OECD projections, presented in Economic Outlook No 49, and compares them with those of earlier periods ...
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  • 15
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.94
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper is one of four in this Working Paper series, focusing on financial liberalisation, along with those by Miller and Weller, Driscoll, and Blundell-Wignall and Browne. It examines the historical volatilities of stock, bond and foreign currency markets over alternative periods differing roughly by the degree of financial innovation and globalisation. It characterises trends in gross volatility, and the degree and manner in which volatility in financial markets has changed, the real economic consequences of transitory periods of excess volatility, and discusses some of the financial policies proposed to limit volatility. The results suggest that the past two decades have coincided with a world-wide increase in the average levels of volatility in stock returns, corporate bond yields and exchange rates, accompanied by a general increase in the strength of the positive correlations among national stock returns and the conditional volatilities of these returns. Evidence suggests ...
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  • 16
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 103 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.104
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Secretariat has developed a multi-region, multi-sector, dynamic applied general equilibrium (AGE) model to quantify the economy-wide and global costs of policies to curb emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). The project is called the GeneRal Equilibrium ENvironments model, hereafter referred to as GREEN. The purpose of this paper is to provide a full technical description of the GREEN model, its data base and parametrisation as of May 1991. Work is continuing to extend GREEN in several different directions to make the model more policy relevant, and a revised version of the technical manual will be issued in due course ...
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.97
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper is one of four in this Working Paper Series, focusing on financial liberalisation, along with those of Miller and Weller, Kupiec and Blundell-Wignall and Browne. Its main purpose is to evaluate the imperfections still affecting deregulated credit markets. In particular, the paper examines the extent to which rationing continues to be present in credit markets and its implications for credit allocation and the transmission of monetary policy. In addition, the role of deregulation in financial market fragility and instability and its macroeconomic consequences are discussed ...
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 92 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.90
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Since the early 1980s, most OECD countries have embarked on medium-term strategies to restore greater balance to the public finances and to wind back government intervention in the economy. The attached paper examines the progress so far. It also reviews and evaluates some of the changes to public sector management practices which were implemented in the 1980s and assesses some of the pressures on the public sector which are likely to arise in the 1990s. Most OECD governments appear to have made significant headway in budgetary consolidation, particularly in the second half of the last decade, and public expenditure as a share of GDP has stabilised for the area as a whole, once allowance is made for cyclical effects. There has also been some measure of success in reducing economic regulation in a number of sectors. Nonetheless, governments are likely to face increased spending pressures in the 1990s, partly reflecting catch-up following expenditure restraint in the 1980s. Improving ...
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  • 19
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.96
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper is one of four in this Working Paper Series, focusing on financial liberalisation, along with those of Kupiec, Miller and Weller, and Driscoll. It examines the extent to which international financial markets have become more integrated over the past decade. The finding that financial markets are almost fully integrated, in contrast to goods markets which are not, has important implications for real interest rate differentials, real exchange rate behaviour and external adjustment. In particular, the reduced importance of external imbalance and the increased role of real interest rates in real exchange rate determination can be associated with more prolonged misalignments ...
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264164451
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Czech and Slovak Federal Republic 1991
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Czech and Slovak Federal Republic 1991
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Kurzfassung: L’édition 1991 de l'Étude économique consacrée à la République fédérative tchèque et slovaque examine l'historique et la situation au début de la réforme, l'évolution et la politique macro-économique, la réforme structurelle, l'intégration à l'économie mondiale et les marchés financiers.
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