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  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (261)
  • Joumard, Isabelle  (35)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (296)
  • Economics  (296)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Achieving strong and balanced regional development in India (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1412
    Schlagwort(e): Föderalismus ; Regionalentwicklung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Landwirtschaft ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Urbanisierung ; Indien ; Economics ; India ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: While India’s per capita income is converging towards that of the richer countries, inequality has drifted up. Spatial inequality – across states and between urban and rural areas – is pronounced, with large differences in output per capita and in access to core public services, such as electricity, roads, and education. Implementing the GST will contribute to reduce trade barriers across states while recent changes in the federalism model are empowering states and promoting experimentation. Prompting states to modernise product and labour market regulations should allow firms in the organised sector to reach an efficient size, and promote job creation and rising incomes in all states. Raising the living standards in poorer states would also require increasing productivity in the agricultural sector by supporting farm consolidation and improving infrastructure in rural areas, particularly roads that connect villages to market towns, crop storage infrastructure and access to sustainable irrigation technologies. As working population moves out of agriculture, urbanisation will gather pace. However, exploiting cities’ potential for job creation, productivity gains and improvement in the quality of life would require better physical and social urban infrastructure. Local spending and regulatory competences should be clarified. Performance of local bodies should be assessed regularly to make them accountable. Municipalities should also be granted clear revenue-raising power (in particular property taxes and user charges for urban infrastructure) to enable them to fund better public infrastructure and services.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/92fd16d9-en
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Public debt in India : moving towards a prudent level? (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1400
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzpolitik ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Schuldenmanagement ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Indien ; Economics ; India ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In relation to GDP, India's public debt and interest payments are high compared with most other emerging economies and rating agencies have put India's sovereign debt at the lowest investment grade. On the other hand, India benefits from strong economic growth and needs to increase spending on social and physical infrastructure to support economic growth and to meet the needs of its fast-growing population. This paper assesses recent fiscal developments in India, discusses the threshold beyond which debt has adverse effects on the economy, quantifies the uncertainties surrounding key macroeconomic variables and the risks of overshooting the debt threshold to define a "prudent" debt level. It also provides a debt sustainability analysis. It concludes that under a "no-policy change" scenario, the debt-to-GDP ratio will decline gradually to close to the "prudent" level by 2040. However, adverse shocks could derail this benign scenario.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/853c014a-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Taxation and investment in India (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1397
    Schlagwort(e): Auslandsinvestition ; Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Indien ; Economics ; India ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Business taxation in India is characterised by high effective tax rates, a narrow tax base, and an uncertain tax environment for potential investors. However, India has now begun a process of significant business tax reform, including a staged reduction of the corporate income tax rate and removal of a range of business tax concessions. This paper sets the scene for these (and further) reforms by examining the taxation of business income in India with a particular focus on its impact on the investment climate. The paper calculates corporate effective tax rates to highlight the impact of the tax system on investment incentives, investigates the narrowness of the current tax base and the proposed base-broadening reforms, and examines the degree of investor certainty as to the tax rules and their application. This Working Paper relates to the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of India (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-india.htm)
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/4258e11a-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Making income and property taxes more growth-friendly and redistributive in India (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1389
    Schlagwort(e): Steuersystem ; Finanzverwaltung ; Einkommensteuer ; Vermögensteuer ; Erbschaftsteuer ; Umverteilung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Indien ; Economics ; India ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Tax reforms are crucial to promoting inclusive growth in India. The replacement of a myriad of consumption taxes by a Goods and Services Tax (GST) will boost India's competitiveness, investment, job creation and tax compliance. The potential to raise additional revenue from taxes on goods and services is however limited. In contrast, reforming income and property taxes should help to i) raise more revenue to finance much needed social and physical infrastructure while keeping public debt under control; ii) reduce inequality by increasing the redistributive effect of taxation; iii) promote productivity by reducing distortions in the allocation of resources which emanate from the corporate income tax; iv) boost job creation by eliminating the bias against labour-intensive activities; v) promote confidence, and thus investment, by improving clarity and certainty regarding tax rules and their application and vi) reinforce the ability of states and municipalities to provide key public infrastructure and services. This paper presents the main characteristics of the tax system as well as the rationale and options for reform.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5e542f11-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Improving Health Outcomes and Health Care in India (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1184
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; India
    Kurzfassung: With India’s low life expectancy largely reflecting deaths from preventable diseases, the most significant gains in health would come from population-wide preventive measures. Access to public health care services varies substantially, resulting in many people turning to private-sector providers who mainly serve those who can pay. While government has scaled up public health services, more health professionals and public health care spending will be needed to ensure broad and adequate health-care coverage. Priority should be given to high impact primary health care services. For more resources to translate into better services, the management of public health care services needs to improve. The private sector can be drawn upon more extensively, but should also be obliged to meet basic quality standards.
    DOI: 10.1787/5js7t9ptcr26-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Challenges and Opportunities of India's Manufacturing Sector (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (45 p.)
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1183
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Industry and Services ; India
    Kurzfassung: The manufacturing sector has contributed little to income growth and its share in total merchandise exports has been declining. Manufacturing has not brought much new employment, and most of the recent rise in manufacturing employment has been in the informal sector, where workers are not covered by social security arrangements. Productivity of the manufacturing sector is low, partly because the relatively small size of manufacturing firms makes it difficult to exploit economies of scale. Despite abundant, low-skilled and relatively cheap labour, Indian manufacturing is surprisingly capital and skill intensive. Furthermore, firms have little incentive to grow, since by staying small they can avoid taxes and complex labour regulations. Land acquisition is slow, companies face frequent power outages and transport infrastructure is below par. This is especially harmful as manufacturing is highly reliant on well-functioning infrastructure. Stronger manufacturing would increase productivity and make growth more inclusive, while contributing to improved current account balance. In particular, India should aim for more formal jobs, as these tend to be the most secure and of highest productivity.
    DOI: 10.1787/5js7t9q14m0q-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Strategic Transport Infrastructure Needs to 2030 (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264168626
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD Strategic transport infrastructure needs to 2030
    RVK:
    RB 10762
    Schlagwort(e): -2030 ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Infrastrukturversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Transport ; Economics ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Bedarfsplanung
    Kurzfassung: Transcontinental Infrastructure Needs to 2030/50 explores the long-term opportunities and challenges facing major gateway and transport hub infrastructures -- ports, airports and major rail corridors – in the coming decades. The report uses projections and scenarios to assess the broader economic outlook and future infrastructure requirements, and examines the options for financing these, not least against the backdrop of the economic recession and financial crisis which have significantly modified the risks and potential rewards associated with major infrastructure projects. Building on numerous in-depth case studies from Europe, North America and Asia, the report offers insights into the economic prospects for these key facilities and identifies policy options for improved gateway and corridor infrastructure in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264114425-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Tackling income inequality : The role of taxes and transfers (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2012, no. 1, p. 37-70 | volume:2012 | year:2012 | number:1 | pages:37-70
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2012, no. 1, p. 37-70
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2012
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2012
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:37-70
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Taxes and transfers reduce inequality in disposable income relative to market income. The effect varies, however, across OECD countries. The redistributive impact of taxes and transfers depends on the size, mix and the progressivity of each component. Some countries with a relatively small tax and welfare system (e.g. Australia) achieve the same redistributive impact as countries characterised by much higher taxes and transfers (e.g. Germany) because they rely more on income taxes, which are more progressive than other taxes, and on means-tested cash transfers. This article provides an assessment of the redistributive effect of the main taxes and cash transfers, based on various OECD data sources, a set of policy indicators and a literature review. Using cluster analysis, it also identifies empirically four groups of countries with tax and transfer systems that share broadly similar features.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-2012-5k95xd6l65lt
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Handbook on Measuring the Space Economy (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264169166
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (110 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD handbook on measuring the space economy
    Schlagwort(e): Raumfahrt ; Weltraum ; Economics ; Raumfahrt ; Wirtschaft
    Kurzfassung: This publication provides a summary of the key methodological issues surrounding indicators and statistics on the space sector and the larger space economy and it meant to be complementary to The Space Economy at a Glance 2011.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264169166-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Economic Diversification in Africa : A Review of Selected Countries (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264096233
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Economic diversification in Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Afrika ; Angola ; Benin ; Kenia ; Südafrika ; Tunesien ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics ; Afrika ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Kurzfassung: This study provides an empirical review of the role of governments, the private sector, regional economic institutions and the broader international community in driving economic diversification. Individual case studies of five African economies describe both the catalysts of and barriers to diversification. The study is published jointly by the United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (UN-OSAA) and the NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264096233-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa : Cuarta edición (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264094475
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Ausgabe: Cuarta edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment 2008; Fourth Edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 ; Quatrième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment 2008: Fourth Edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 : Quatrième édition
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: La inversión extranjera directa (IED) es uno de los principales motores de la globalización. A medida que los patrones de inversión de las empresas multinacionales se vuelven más complejos, es necesario contar con estadísticas de IED fiables y comparables a nivel internacional para una toma de decisiones sensata y sólida. La Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa de la OCDE, establece la norma general para las estadísticas de IED, pues ofrece un punto de referencia único para los productores de estadísticas y para los usuarios en todos los aspectos de la información relacionada con la IED, sin dejar de ser consistente con otras normas estadísticas aceptadas a nivel internacional. Esta edición presenta nuevos desgloses analíticos y tratamientos estadísticos que reflejan de una forma más adecuada la realidad de la economía mundial. La edición revisada de la Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa ofrece métodos para clasificar distintos tipos de IED (como fusiones y adquisiciones, inversiones nuevas) y para identificar al inversor final. Esta nueva edición también contempla aspectos relacionados con el uso de las estadísticas de IED, incluyendo indicadores de globalización, con un capítulo sobre las estadísticas relacionadas con las actividades de las empresas multinacionales.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264094475-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Guide to Measuring the Information Society 2011 (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264113541
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (206 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Guide to Measuring the Information Society is a compilation of concepts, definitions, classifications and methods for information society measurement and analysis.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264113541-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Estudios económicos de la OCDE : México 2011 (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264115934
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Mexico 2011
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Mexique 2011
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Mexico 2011
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Mexique 2011
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: Tema destacado: La reforma fiscal para una economía mexicana más fuerte, más justa y más limpia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264115934-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Banking Statistics: Methodological Country Notes 2010 (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264089907
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE ; Notes méthodologiques par pays 2010
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE : Notes méthodologiques par pays 2010
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Luxembourg ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Slovak Republic ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Trends in bank profitability and factors affecting it are major indicators of changes in the state of health of national banking systems. This publication complements Banking Statistics: Financial Statements of Banks 2010 which provides a unique tool for analysing developments in bank profitability in OECD countries. In addition to information on financial statements of banks in OECD countries, it includes data on the number of reporting banks, their branches and staff, structural information on the whole financial sector and ratios aiming at facilitating the analysis of bank profitability of OECD countries. The methodological country notes included in this volume were prepared to facilitate the comprehension and the interpretation of the statistics and to provide a brief description of the activities of banks in each country.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264089907-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Space Economy at a Glance 2011 (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264113565
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Space applications have become an important part of everyday life. Weather forecasting, air traffic control, global communications and broadcasting, disaster management -- these and many other key activities would be almost unthinkable today without satellite technology. The space industry itself is relatively small compared to other manufacturing sectors, but its technological dynamism and strategic significance mean that it plays an ever more critical role in modern society. This book assembles information on the space economy from a wide range of official and non-official sources. Together these paint a richly detailed picture of the space industry, its downstream services activities, and its wider economic and social impacts. Who are the main space-faring nations? How large are revenues and how much employment is there in the sector? How much R&D goes on, and where? What is the value of spin-offs from space spending? Answers to these and other questions are provided in this second OECD statistical overview of the emerging space economy. A dynamic link (StatLink) is provided for graphs, which directs the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel® format.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264111790-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Maintaining Momentum : OECD Perspectives on Policy Challenges in Chile (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264095199
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Mejores políticas para el desarrollo ; Perspectivas OCDE sobre Chile
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Mejores políticas para el desarrollo : Perspectivas OCDE sobre Chile
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Maintaining momentum
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Chile ; Economics ; Chile ; Chile ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD
    Kurzfassung: To inform the current policy debate in Chile and present an economic assessment with concrete recommendations and policy options, this report provides a detailed analysis of the overall Chilean economic situation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264095199-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Health Care Systems : Efficiency and Institutions (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 133 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.769
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents a set of indicators to assess health care system performance. It also presents new comparative data on health care policies and institutions for OECD countries. This set of indicators allows the empirical characterisation of health care systems and the identification of groups of countries sharing similar health institutions. It also helps to uncover strengths and weaknesses of each country’s health care system and assessing the scope for improving value-for-money. The empirical analysis suggests that there is room in all countries surveyed to improve the effectiveness of health care spending; there is no health care system that performs systematically better in delivering cost-effective health care – big-bang reforms are therefore not warranted; increasing the coherence of policy settings, by adopting best policy practices within a similar system and borrowing the most appropriate elements from other systems will likely be more practical and effective to raise health care spending efficiency.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmfp51f5f9t-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Guidance on Sustainability Impact Assessment (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264086913
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation pour les études d'impact sur la durabilité
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This publication offers a general introduction to sustainability impact assessment, which is an approach for exploring the combined economic, environmental and social impacts of a range of proposed policies, programmes, strategies and action plans. Such assessments can also assist decision-making and strategic planning throughout the entire policy cycles. It is not an in-depth or detailed user manual, but rather outlines basic principles and process steps of sustainability impact assessments, drawing on examples from Switzerland, Belgium and the European Commission, among others. This publication is a valuable source of information for policy makers on sustainability impact assessments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264086913-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009 : Second edition (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264068476
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (233 p.) , ill.
    Ausgabe: Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 ; Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 : Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Measuring capital
    RVK:
    QI 200
    Schlagwort(e): Kapitalstock ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Kapitalbildung ; Kapitalvermögen ; Kapitalertrag ; Messung
    Kurzfassung: Capital - in particular of the physical sort - plays several roles in economic life: it constitutes wealth and it it provides services in production processes. Capital is invested, disinvested and it depreciates and becomes obsolescent and there is a question how to measure all these dimensions of capital in industry and national accounts. This revised Capital Manual is a comprehensive guide to the approaches toward capital measurement. It gives statisticians, researchers and analysts practical advice while providing theoretical background and an overview of the relevant literature. The manual comes in three parts - a first part with a non-technical description with the main concepts and steps involved in measuring capital; a second part directed at implementation and a third part outlining theory and a more complete mathematical formulation of the measurement process.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264068476-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    PISA Data Analysis Manual: SPSS, Second Edition (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056275
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (475 p.)
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Serie: PISA
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performances in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database and worked examples providing full syntax in SPSS®.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056275-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment 2008 : Fourth Edition (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264048751 , 9789264045743
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (241 p.) , ill.
    Ausgabe: Fourth Edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 ; Quatrième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa ; Cuarta edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 : Quatrième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa : Cuarta edición
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD benchmark definition of foreign direct investment
    RVK:
    QM 355
    Schlagwort(e): Auslandsinvestition ; Statistische Methode ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Direktinvestition ; Auslandsinvestition ; Statistik ; Datenerhebung ; Richtlinie
    Kurzfassung: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major driver of globalisation. The OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment sets the world standard for FDI statistics. It provides a single point of reference for statisticians and users on all aspect of FDI statistics, while remaining compatible with other internationally accepted statistical standards. This edition introduces new analytical data breakdowns and statistical treatments that better reflect the realities of today’s world economy. The revised Benchmark Definition provides methods for classifying different types of FDI (e.g., mergers and acquisitions, greenfield investments) and for identifying the ultimate investor. The new edition now addresses the uses of FDI statistics, including globalisation indicators, and provides a chapter relating to the statistics on the activities of multinational enterprises.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264045743-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Climate Change and Africa (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 5-35
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 5-35
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Climate change is a major threat to sustainable growth and development in Africa, and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Africa is particularly vulnerable to climate change because of its overdependence on rain-fed agriculture, compounded by factors such as widespread poverty and weak capacity. The main longer-term impacts include: changing rainfall patterns affecting agriculture and reducing food security; worsening water security; decreasing fish resources in large lakes due to rising temperature; shifting vectorborne diseases; rising sea level affecting low-lying coastal areas with large populations; and rising water stress.
    DOI: 10.1787/gen_papers-v2009-art2-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Mehr Ungleichheit trotz Wachstum? : Einkommensverteilung und Armut in OECD-Ländern (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264049147
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (318 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?; Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités ; Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?: Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités : Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Hat die Einkommensungleichheit im Zeitverlauf zugenommen? Wer sind die Gewinner und wer die Verlierer in diesem Prozess? Sind alle OECD-Länder gleichermaßen von dieser Entwicklung betroffen? Inwieweit sind stärkere Einkommensungleichheiten die Folge größerer Disparitäten bei den persönlichen Erwerbseinkommen der Arbeitnehmer, und welche Rolle spielen dabei andere Faktoren? Wie wirkt sich schließlich die staatliche Umverteilung durch Steuer- und Transfersysteme auf diese Trends aus?Dieser Bericht liefert Befunde dafür, dass die Einkommensungleichheit während der letzten 20 Jahre in den OECD-Ländern fast überall zugenommen hat. Die Publikation enthält eine Reihe von Analysen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen in den OECD-Ländern. Die Daten über Einkommensverteilung und Armut erstrecken sich zum ersten Mal auf alle 30 OECD-Länder zum Stand von Mitte der 2000er Jahre, während bis Mitte der 1980er Jahre zurückreichende Informationen über Trendentwicklungen für rund zwei Drittel der Länder vorliegen. Der Bericht beschreibt zudem Ungleichheiten in einer Reihe von Bereichen (wie Vermögen der privaten Haushalte, Konsumgewohnheiten, öffentliche Sachleistungen), die bei den herkömmlichen Diskussionen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen unter Einzelpersonen und Haushalten in der Regel außer Acht gelassen werden.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264049147-de
    URL: Volltext
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    PISA Data Analysis Manual: SAS, Second Edition (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056251
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (467 p.)
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Serie: PISA
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performance in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database. It also includes worked examples providing full syntax in SAS®.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056251-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Investment: Unlocking Africa's Potential (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 37-62
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 37-62
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: It is now time to invest in Africa. The prospects are good. Africa is already attracting growing flows of private resources, as a result of its greater political stability and economic reforms. Significant new investors are now engaging in Africa, from within and outside the continent. Development assistance and debt relief alone will not be sufficient to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Africa now needs more and sustainable investment, both domestic and foreign, in order to accelerate economic growth and progress in poverty reduction, and become better integrated into the global economy. We call for the fulfilment of commitments made at African and G8 Summits and other global fora, including support from development partners to help Africa mobilise more investment, and better focus on mobilisible domestic revenue sources and indigenous resources. Areas such as infrastructure, extractive industry, tourism, agribusiness and ICT are particularly important drivers of development, and require support from development partners.
    DOI: 10.1787/gen_papers-v2009-art3-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
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    Peace and Security in Africa (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 63-85
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 63-85
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: More action is needed, by both Africa and the wider international community. Building peace and security is essential, both for economic development and for poverty reduction. Leadership is being taken by Africa itself. The number of conflicts has fallen. But even so, one-fifth of the population of Africa still live in conflict zones. More action is needed both to strengthen and support Africa’s own efforts to bring peace to the continent, and to tackle the wider global drivers of conflict, including the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons, and the trade in conflict resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/gen_papers-v2009-art4-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 27
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    Online-Ressource
    Gender and Economic Empowerment in Africa (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-126
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-126
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: It is time to deliver for women and girls. Africa’s growth and development agenda can only succeed if the continent is able to draw on all its resources and talents, and if women are able to participate fully in economic, social and political life. This will require intensified efforts to eliminate discrimination and promote equal rights. The strong commitment which has been demonstrated by African governments needs to be complemented by strong support from the wider international community, within the framework of a clear allocation of responsibilities, and the clear mapping out of specific steps and measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/gen_papers-v2009-art5-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 28
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    Online-Ressource
    Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 : Segunda edición (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043695
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Ausgabe: Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009; Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009: Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: El capital –en particular el de tipo físico– juega varios roles en la vida económica: este constituye riqueza y provee de servicios en el proceso de producción. El capital es invertido, desinvertido y se deprecia llegando a ser obsoleto, y existe una cuestión de cómo medir todas estas dimensiones del capital en la industria y en las cuentas nacionales. El Manual del Capital revisado es la primera guía comprehensiva para los enfoques hacia la medición del capital. Este está dirigido a estadísticos, investigadores y analistas, y trata de dar asesoría práctica, mientras que provee una estructura teórica y un resumen de la literatura relevante. El Manual se presenta en tres partes –una primera parte–, con una descripción no técnica de los principales conceptos y de los pasos necesarios para la medición del capital; una segunda parte, dirigida a la implementación y una tercera parte, describiendo la teoría con una formulación matemática más completa del proceso de medición.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043695-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Patent Statistics Manual (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056442
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Manuel de l'OCDE sur les statistiques des brevets
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Manual de estadísticas de patentes de la OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD patent statistics manual
    RVK:
    QP 215
    RVK:
    QR 360
    Schlagwort(e): Patent ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Anleitung ; Patent ; Statistik
    Kurzfassung: This 2009 edition of the OECD Patent Statistics Manual takes stock of the recent developments in the field. It provides guiding principles for the use of patent data in the context of S&T measurement, and recommendations for the compilation and interpretation of patent indicators in this context. It aims to show what patent statistics can and cannot be used for, and how to count patents in order to maximise information on S&T activities while minimising statistical noise and biases. Finally, it describes how patent data can be used in the analysis of a wide array of topics related to technical change and patenting activity including industry-science linkages, patenting strategies by companies, internationalisation of research, and indicators on the value of patents.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056442-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 30
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    Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079205
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products; (Korean version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products: (Korean version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Handbook on deriving capital measures of intellectual property products
    RVK:
    QI 200
    Schlagwort(e): Immaterialgüterrechte ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Economics ; Immaterialgut ; Immaterielles Wirtschaftsgut ; Messung ; System of National Accounts ; Kapitalbildung
    Kurzfassung: The latest System of National Accounts (the 2008 SNA) explicitly recognises, for the first time, that expenditures on research and experimental development (R&D) should be recorded as capital formation. This is a natural extension to the 1993 SNA, which recommends recording many acquisitions of software and databases, mineral exploration, and entertainment, artistic and literary originals as capital formation, too. These products have a common characteristic, namely that their value reflects the underlying intellectual property they embody, which is why they are referred to collectively in this publication as intellectual property products (IPPs). But they also share another important characteristic: their measurement is not straightforward, and in the absence of clear guidance it is highly likely that estimates will not be comparable between countries. This Handbook is designed to provide that guidance by considering IPPs collectively, based on their common characteristics, by type, based on any specificities, such as data availability, and by detailed transaction - for example the valuation of IPPs that have been produced for internal use by their developers, the valuation of unsuccessful IPPs, and the production of IPPs produced and made freely available by government.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079205-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 31
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    Productivity Measurement and Analysis (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044616
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (554 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Productivity measurement and analysis
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivität ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Messung ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Produktivität ; Produktivitätsmessung ; Produktivitätszuwachs
    Kurzfassung: Productivity measurement and analysis are the main topics addressed in this book, which brings together contributions presented and discussed in two international workshops organized by the Statistics Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI) of the OECD. The first workshop was organised jointly by the OECD with Fundaccion BBVA and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas and held in Madrid in October 2005, and the second one was organized jointly by the OECD and the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and the State Secretary for Economic Affairs of Switzerland and held in Bern in October 2006. The two workshops brought together representatives of statistical offices, central banks and other branches of government in OECD countries that are engaged in the analysis and the measurement of productivity developments at aggregate and industry levels.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044616-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 32
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    Space Technologies and Climate Change : Implications for Water Management, Marine Resources and Maritime Transport (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264054196
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This book examines the contributions that space technologies can make in tackling some of the serious problems posed by climate change. Focusing on examples of water management, marine resources and maritime transport, it sets out the rationale for further developing satellite systems to measure and monitor climate change and help mitigate its consequences. The report underlines the need to consider satellites not just as research and development systems, but as an important component of a critical communication- and information-based infrastructure for modern societies. The tool box for decision makers that concludes the book reviews different methodological options for deciding on investments in space-based earth observation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264054196-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 33
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    Partnership for Development: Agriculture in Africa (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 101-123
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 101-123
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The NEPAD founding statement of 2001 identified agriculture as a sectoral priority. Key declarations include the 2003 CAADP Framework calling for 6% agricultural growth rates; the 2003 Maputo Declaration calling for 10% of public expenditure to be spent on agriculture and rural development within 5 years; the 2004 Sirte Declaration on ’The Challenges of Implementing Integrated and Sustainable Development on Agriculture and Water in Africa’; and the 2006 Abuja Declarations on Fertilisers (June) and Food Security (December)...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art43-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 34
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    Partnership for Development: Investment in Africa (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 47-52
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 47-52
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The NEPAD founding statement of 2001 clearly identified the need to increase private capital flows to Africa, as an essential component of a sustainable long-term approach to filling the resource gap. It identified priorities including addressing risk perception, building public-private partnerships, and deepening capital markets. Successive statements by African governments have reinforced these priorities. The African Peer Review Mechanism includes ‘increased trade and investment among the participating countries’ and ‘increased co-operation in mobilising and attracting both domestic and foreign investment’ among its ‘high priority areas’...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art40-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 35
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    Partnership for Development: Africa and International Trade (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 53-65
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 15 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 53-65
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The NEPAD founding statement of 2001 emphasised the importance of trade and within this a number of specific themes including diversification of production, enhanced international competitiveness, promotion of exports, and improvements in market access. The paper prepared by the NEPAD Secretariat for the 7th meeting of the APF in Moscow in October 2006 identified 4 main areas in which African efforts were focused: deepening of African integration; trade facilitation efforts; private sector participation in building trade-enabling infrastructure; and mainstreaming of trade and national development strategies...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art41-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 36
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    Accounting for One-off Operations when Assessing Underlying Fiscal Positions (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.642
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Frequent recourse to large one-off operations in a number of OECD countries has undermined the accuracy of cyclically adjusted fiscal balances as a measure of both the sustainability of public finance and the fiscal stance. This paper first provides detailed information on the nature and amount of these one-offs for 9 OECD countries. The paper then presents a new indicator – the “underlying” fiscal balance – which effectively eliminates the impact of one-offs and cyclical developments. One-offs are derived as the deviations from trend in net capital transfers, i.e. from widely available national account data. This approach provides a consistent treatment of one-offs both across countries and over time, avoiding the potential information biases which could result from an individual identification of one-offs.
    DOI: 10.1787/236220765316
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  • 37
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    Partnership for Development: Finance for Development in Africa (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 17-40
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 26 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 17-40
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: NEPAD’s founding statement in 2001 identified domestic savings and improvements in public revenue collection as key resources to be supplemented by official development assistance, debt relief and private capital flows. The statement further underlined that improved governance is a prerequisite for increased capital flows...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art39-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 38
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    Proposal to Use Health as a "Tracer Sector" for Tracking Progress on the Paris Declaration (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-26
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 26 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-26
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The health sector has always been an important recipient of global attention and external assistance. Humanitarian concerns about the health of the world’s poor, along with fears about the spread of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS, have made health a central pillar of most development policies. Over the last 30 years attention has increased with the emergence of new health threats - such as HIV/AIDS and pandemic influenza - and with recognition that health is a key determinant of economic growth, labor force productivity and poverty reduction. At the same time, health is increasingly viewed as a human right, the fulfillment of which places obligations on both developed and developing countries. Health has also been at the forefront of the debate on what aid effectiveness means from a sectoral perspective. In the mid-1990s health policymakers designed and pioneered sector-wide approaches (SWAps), which aimed to foster ownership, improve donor harmonization and aid predictability, and align policy behind a health-reform program agreed between government and donors. As this paper illustrates, aid effectiveness is particularly challenging in health. As with other sectors, difficulties are the result of inefficiencies in the global aid architecture and of poor country policies; however, problems in health are exacerbated by the inherent complexities of the sector itself. The large number and diverse nature of development partners active in health, the large unmet needs, the dependency on multiple sectors to achieve health outcomes, the major roles of the private sector in both financing and delivery, and the long-term recurrent nature of most health needs have created challenges for countries, but have also stimulated innovative ideas on how to move forward. As a result, the health sector may be a good "tracer" sector for OECD/ DAC to monitor overall harmonization and alignment progress.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art37-en
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  • 39
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    Review of Donors' Policies and Practices Related to Employment and Labour Markets (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-25
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-25
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this review is to collect evidence on the instruments and modalities donors use to promoteemployment creation and to draw some preliminary lessons on what worked and what might need to be changed. These results will feed into the preparation of the Task Team’s two other outputs: i) a conceptual framework that gives greater centrality to employment issues in efforts to reduce poverty; and ii) a set of good practice papers that provide evidence-based examples of how donors can help improve employment outcomes in developing countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art38-en
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  • 40
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    Partnership for Development: Infrastructure in Africa (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-25
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-25
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The NEPAD founding statement of 2001 identified infrastructure as a key sectoral priority. It proposed a programme including increased investment both in maintenance and in new infrastructure, new regulatory frameworks, and the promotion of public-private partnerships. NEPAD subsequently developed a Short-Term Action Plan designed to accelerate progress in this sector, and a Medium-Long Term Strategic Framework. Successive meetings of AU Ministers have underlined the importance of infrastructure to economic growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art42-en
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  • 41
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    Health Status Determinants : Lifestyle, Environment, Health Care Resources and Efficiency (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 75 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.627
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper aims to shed light on the contribution of health care and other determinants to the health status of the population and to provide evidence on whether or not health care resources are producing similar value for money across OECD countries. First, it discusses the pros and cons of various indicators of the health status, concluding that mortality and longevity indicators have some drawbacks but remain the best available proxies. Second, it suggests that changes in health care spending, lifestyle factors (smoking and alcohol consumption as well as diet), education, pollution and income have been important factors behind improvements in health status. Third, it derives estimates of countries’ relative performance in transforming health care resources into longevity from two different methods – panel data regressions and data envelopment analysis – which give remarkably consistent results. The empirical estimates suggest that potential efficiency gains might be large enough to raise life expectancy at birth by almost three years on average for OECD countries, while a 10% increase in total health spending would increase life expectancy by three to four months.
    DOI: 10.1787/240858500130
    URL: Volltext
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  • 42
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    Strategies for Countries with Favourable Fiscal Positions (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.655
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The financial crisis and economic downturn are going to weigh on fiscal positions in OECD countries over the short to medium-term, both through the operation of automatic stabilisers and the enactment of discretionary fiscal stimulus packages. However, the strategic policy options facing OECD countries are mainly determined by the soundness of their underlying fiscal positions which vary substantially. This paper first describes how OECD economies are situated with respect to underlying fiscal balances and net government debt. A number of countries seem to enjoy favourable fiscal positions with underlying fiscal surpluses, low government debt or even positive net financial asset positions. When taking account, as far as possible, of implicit liabilities associated with ageing populations and resource-based revenues, fiscal positions still vary greatly across countries. The paper then examines the criteria involved in deciding whether government financial asset accumulation is in excess of needs and the use to which any excess government saving might be put, whether increasing public spending or reducing taxes. Finally, the determinants of the optimal size of the government balance sheet for any given desired net debt position are discussed.
    DOI: 10.1787/230123832406
    URL: Volltext
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  • 43
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    Revenue Buoyancy and its Fiscal Policy Implications (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.598
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Tax receipts surged between 2005 and 2007 in many OECD countries, resulting in significant improvements in headline fiscal positions. As a consequence, pressures for tax cuts and for public spending increases have emerged. In the past, responding to such demands has permanently weakened budget positions as revenue windfalls ultimately proved to be temporary. Hence, the opportunity to address structural deficit problems and prepare for future demographic trends has been lost, and the ability to respond to subsequent cyclical downturns has been weakened. This paper provides an analysis of the factors behind recent revenue buoyancy and examines past responses to unexpected revenue gains. It also discusses whether improved information on fiscal positions and future fiscal challenges, combined with relevant fiscal rules, might help in avoiding a repetition of past errors in fiscal policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/244135385705
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  • 44
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    Eurostat-OECD Manual on Business Demography Statistics (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264041882
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Europäische Kommission. Statistisches Amt EUROSTAT - OECD manual on business demography statistics
    RVK:
    QH 238
    Schlagwort(e): Unternehmenserfolg ; Unternehmensgründung ; Lebenszyklus ; Statistische Methode ; Anpassung ; EU-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Indikator ; Unternehmensentwicklung
    Kurzfassung: This joint Eurostat and OECD publication provides a detailed description of the sources and methods used by OECD countries to compile the business demography indicators, such as birth death and survival rates of businesses, published by OECD in Structural and Demographic Business Statistics (SDBS). Furthermore, these measures are key components of the Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme developed jointly by the OECD and Eurostat. It is the first manual of its kind that provides for an internationally comparable framework for these increasingly important measures and also provides recommendations for the measurement of indicators not hitherto covered in the SDBS publication, such as indicators of high-growth enterprises and young high-growth enterprises (gazelles).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264041882-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 45
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    Sustainable Development Finance for Cities and Regions (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-14
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-14
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Becoming a successful city involves achieving a high investment/high return equilibrium, just as much as it does for the most successful businesses. Success in the open knowledge driven global economy requires places to be truly distinctive, appealing and productive. Just as firms must innovate and invest to succeed, cities have to adjust, reinvent, and differentiate themselves. They have to change the old patterns of land and resource use, and connect assets with opportunities in new ways and over new spaces. They must modernise infrastructure and build up human capital. This can have positive impacts on entrepreneurship, innovation, skills, and other factors of growth. But this involves adjustment costs, in the form of investment to re-engineer the city for the new economic functions and flows that it must facilitate. It can take 30-50 years of re-investment to fully recalibrate a city from the industrial mode to the knowledge mode...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art42-en
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  • 46
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    Central Public Procurement Structures and Capacity in Member States of the European Union (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-86
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 86 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-86
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; European Union
    Kurzfassung: This study provides an analysis of the functions, structure, status within the government, and capacity of the central public procurement bodies of Member States. It does not attempt to evaluate their respective advantages/disadvantages or to recommend particular institutional arrangements. Twenty-two separate overviews of public procurement systems in the 22 participating Member States were produced on the basis of national responses to a detailed questionnaire. An in-depth review of these country system overviews provided the comparative analysis portion of this study, which discusses the various models in place in Member States, in particular the background and rationale for the use of a particular institutional model.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art12-en
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  • 47
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    Report of the OECD Pesticide Risk Reduction Steering Group Workshop "Pesticide User Compliance" (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-166
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 166 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-166
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report presents a summary of the discussions at, and the outcomes from, the OECD workshop on Pesticide User Compliance Issues. The workshop was held in Ottawa, from 6-8 June 2006 and was hosted by Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA). The focus of the workshop was on issues and impediments to compliance associated with pesticide use. Such issues were addressed in the context of reducing risks to human health and the environment as well as risks to the integrity of the regulatory process.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art31-en
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  • 48
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    Consensus Document on Safety Information on Transgenic Plants Expressing Bacillus thuringiensis - Derived Insect Control Protein (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-107
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 109 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-107
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD's Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology decided at its first session, in June 1995, to focus its work on the development of consensus documents that are mutually acceptable among Member countries. These consensus documents contain information for use during the regulatory assessment of a particular product. In the area of plant biosafety, consensus documents are being developed on the biology of certain plants species, on specific genes and resulting proteins that when introduced into a plant result in the expression of specific traits and on issues arising from the use of general trait types in plants. This document addresses the general information concerning the ä-endotoxin genes and their protein toxin products that confer insect protection to plants.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art35-en
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  • 49
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    Public Procurement Review and Remedies Systems in the European Union (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-110
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 110 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-110
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; European Union
    Kurzfassung: The main objective for the establishment of a public procurement complaints review and remedies system is to enforce the practical application of substantive public procurement legislation. Such a system gives this legislation its “teeth”: the possibility of review and remedies serves as a deterrent to breaking the law and thus encourages compliance. Moreover, violations of the law and genuine mistakes can be corrected. Therefore, a functioning public procurement review and remedies system may ultimately contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the substantive rules, such as non-discrimination and equal treatment, transparency, and value for money. The public procurement review and remedies systems of EU Member States need to comply with the requirements of European Community law: the EC Treaty, the EC Public Sector Remedies Directive 89/665/EEC and the EC Utilities Remedies Directive 92/13/EEC...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art13-en
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  • 50
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    Legislation on Lobbying in Europe (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-35
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-35
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Hungary ; Lithuania ; Poland
    Kurzfassung: This document provides an unofficial translation of legislation on lobbying in Poland, Hungary and Lithuania.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art22-en
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  • 51
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    Frequently Asked Questions about Work Sharing on Pesticide Registration Reviews (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-13
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 13 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-13
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: OECD countries invest significant resources in evaluating agricultural pesticides before they are marketed (or re-evaluating pesticides that have been in use for many years) to ensure that they do not pose unacceptable risks to human health and the environment. Since many pesticides used in OECD countries are the same, governments have recognised the substantial benefits that can be gained if the task of pesticide evaluations for registration and re-registration is shared, rather than duplicating each others' work. The OECD Pesticides Programme is working to establish the infrastructure that will facilitate such work sharing. The recent adoption of an OECD-wide future "vision", with specific deadlines for work sharing, should lead to additional (and more routine) work sharing arrangements between governments and industry.This document provides responses to questions that are frequently asked by governments and industry about the concept of work sharing, and how it would operate in practice. Many of the questions were raised at an OECD seminar on work sharing, held on 31 May, 2006, at the Pesticide Control Service in Ireland. The answers were prepared by a panel of OECD government representatives at that seminar.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art29-en
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  • 52
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    Reshaping a Local Economy through a Development Agency : The Case of Laganside Corporation, Belfast, United Kingdom (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-78
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 78 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-78
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This study of Laganside Corporation draws out valuable lessons for existing agencies, cities, regions and national governments. It offers practical guidance on how to use key tools and concepts of local development to foster economic growth and social cohesion. Although a „top down‟ model, Laganside Corporation pursued an approach which engaged stakeholders from all sectors and provides valuable insights into effective community engagement and working with public and private sectors. The study analyses the approach taken by Laganside Corporation and its international counterparts on a broad range of tools for local development.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art40-en
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  • 53
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    Public Spending Efficiency : Institutional Indicators in Primary and Secondary Education (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.543
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents composite indicators of the institutional and policy characteristics of educational systems, collated from the questionnaire responses of 26 Member countries. These indicators provide an overview of the institutional framework in the primary and secondary education sector and are constructed so as to be used for the analysis of international differences in spending efficiency. The key features of the institutional setting in the non-tertiary education sector are grouped under three headings: i) the ability to prioritise and allocate resources efficiently (through decentralisation and mechanisms matching resources to specific needs); ii) the efficiency in managing spending at the local level (through outcome-focused policies and managerial autonomy), and iii) the efficiency in service provision (through benchmarking and user choice). For each country, an intermediate indicator is computed for each of these six institutional properties. Composite indicators then combine the six intermediate indicators of spending efficiency into a single, aggregate measure. Results are presented and some of their implications are discussed. Overall, the characteristics of the institutional framework in the non-tertiary public education sector seem to be very favourable, compared to OECD average, in the United Kingdom, Australia, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands, whereas results are less favourable for the Czech Republic, Greece, Luxembourg, Japan, Turkey, Hungary, Belgium (French speaking community), Switzerland and Austria.
    DOI: 10.1787/315010655867
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  • 54
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    Improving co-ordination between environmental and health policies : final report (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-88
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 90 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-88
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report examines how policy co-ordination between the environment and health fields could be improved in order to better address environmental health issues. To this end, three cases studies were implemented in the United Kingdom, France and Canada, with particular focus on air pollution.The report synthesises the main findings arising out from these case studies as well as from a review of the governance literature as well. It identifies the main means and obstacles to improved policy coordination of cross-cutting issues, such as environmental health. Recommendations are then suggested, intending to improve co-ordination between environmental and health policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art27-en
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  • 55
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    Full Employment Strategies for Cities : The Case of Glasgow (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-18
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-18
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: There is growing recognition throughout the OECD of the need to link economic development and employment policies at the level of the individual city if the twin objectives of raising competitiveness and reducing worklessness are to be met. The challenge is particularly clear in the UK, where the employment rate of the working age population in the major cities has lagged consistently behind the relatively strong performance of the nation as a whole (HM Treasury, 2007). The Government has recognised that raising the UK employment rate towards its ambitious 80%national target will require special efforts to tackle unemployment and economic inactivity in the cities (Department of Work and Pensions, 2006). This is an important departure from the traditional emphasis on national labour market policies and standardised welfare to work programmes that pay little regard to geographical variations in socio-economic conditions. One of the issues arising is the appropriate balance between measures to stimulate labour demand and create jobs, on the one hand, and measures to strengthen labour supply by improving people’s skills, employability and motivation, on the other. There is also an issue about how to connect employment opportunities to people in need of work but who face multiple disadvantages and barriers to employment, such as poor transport access and lack of childcare. Another issue relates to the amount of decentralisation and local control of the policy levers that government should encourage, and what form this should take. The purpose of this paper is to address these important questions by focusing on the labour market context and policy situation in Glasgow.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art41-en
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  • 56
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    Draft Checklist for Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-36
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 36 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-36
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: At the OECD Symposium and Global Forum on Integrity in Public Procurement in November 2006, participants called for an instrument for policy makers at the international level to reform public procurement systems and reinforce integrity and public trust in how public funds are managed. They also expressed interest in developing a practical toolkit that could be applied, adapted and developed indifferent legal, political and administrative contexts. To respond to these requests, the OECD has developed a draft "Checklist for Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement". The Checklist will help guide policy makers at central government level in instilling a culture of integrity throughout the entire public procurement cycle:• The first part of the Checklist provides guidance on developing an adequate policy framework for enhancing integrity in public procurement;• The second part focuses on how to implement this framework, from needs assessment to contract management and payment. The Checklist is based on applying good governance elements, in particular transparency, good management, corruption resistance, accountability and control to enhance integrity in public procurement.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art20-en
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    Consensus Document on the Biology of the Native North American Larches : Subalpine Larch (Larix lyalli), Western Larch (Larix occidentalis) and Tamarack (Larix laricina) (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-48
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 52 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-48
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The environmental safety/risks of transgenic organisms are normally based on the information on the characteristics of the host organism, the introduced traits, the environment into which the organism is introduced, the interaction between these, and the intended application. The OECD’s Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology decided at its first session, in June 1995, to focus its work on identifying parts of this information, which could be commonly used in countries for environmental safety/risk assessment to encourage information sharing and prevent duplication of effort among countries. Biosafety Consensus Documents are one of the major outputs of its work.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art34-en
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  • 58
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    Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for New Varieties of the Cultivated Mushrooms "Agaricus Bisporus" : Key Food and Feed Nutrients, Anti-nutrients and Toxicants (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-44
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-44
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This consensus document addresses compositional considerations for new varieties of cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus by identifying the key food and feed nutrients and anti-nutrients. A general description of these components is provided. As well, there is background material on the production, processing and uses of Agaricus bisporus and considerations to be taken when assessing new Agaricus bisporus varieties.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art32-en
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  • 59
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    Financing Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in EECCA Countries, including Progress in Achieving Water-Related Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-40
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-40
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: At their meeting in Almaty in October 2000, EECCA Ministers of Environment, Finance, and Economy, Ministers and senior representatives from several OECD countries, as well as senior officials from International Financial Institutions (IFI), International Organisations, non-governmental organisations, and the private sector, recognised the critical condition of the urban water supply and sanitation sector in EECCA and endorsed "Guiding Principles for the Reform of the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in the NIS". Participants requested the EAP Task Force to assess progress in implementing these Guiding Principles for review at a major conference of stakeholders that took place in 2005 in Yerevan, Armenia. This paper is an update of a report that was prepared for the Ministerial meeting in Yerevan, drawing on more recent data, and responds to the Ministers' request to prepare such a paper for the Environment for Europe Conference in 2007.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art8-en
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  • 60
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    Mobilising Finance for Environmental Priorities : Recommendations for the Future (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-16
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-16
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper argues that the sustained provision of adequate financial resources for the environment is a prerequisite for addressing environmental challenges in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) and South-Eastern Europe (SEE). It sets out options for how optimal use could be made of the various available sources of environmental finance, including domestic public expenditure, private sector participation and official development assistance. Recommendations are provided for Ministers on priority actions for ensuring that financial resources are made available for the environment. EECCA and SEE governments need to continue to prioritise the environment in policy and public expenditure frameworks, and make better use of incentive-based instruments. They also need to create a suitable climate for the private sector to participate in environmental financing. The international community must ensure that IFI loans for environmental investments are more accessible, especially for low-income countries, including by providing adequate grant co-financing. Finally, EECCA and SEE countries should strengthen their capacity to prepare environmental investment projects, with effective support from IFIs and donors.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art11-en
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  • 61
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    Benchmarks for Integrity : Tracking Trends in Governance (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-33
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-33
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD, via its Ethics Infrastructure concept and Integrity Assessment Framework, is in the forefront as efforts to check corruption shift from diagnosing problems and prescribing countermeasures to the institutionalization and assessment of integrity. In such an effort OECD possesses significant resources: a generation’s worth of anti-corruption expertise; unparalleled networks, information and data resources; and strong credibility based both on anti-corruption and integrity instruments (such as the OECD Convention on Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, 1998 OECD Recommendation on Improving Ethical Conduct in the Public Service and the 2003 Recommendation on Guidelines For Managing Conflict Of Interest in the Public Service) and a half-century of effective dealings with the world’s major economies. But it also faces significant challenges, made all the more difficult by the fact that in some ways it is venturing into unknown territory. A key challenge is to assess anti-corruption progress in valid, reliable, and reasonably precise ways, using objective evidence to provide credible, easily understood feedback and guidance to officials, reform groups, and citizens...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art18-en
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  • 62
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    Regulatory Management Capacities of Member States of the European Union that Joined the Union on 1 May 2004 : Sustaining Regulatory Management Improvements through a Better Regulation Policy (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 6, p. 1-121
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 121 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 6, p. 1-121
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Enhancing the competitiveness of its economy through increased productivity growth is one of the main challenges recognised by the European Union in the original Lisbon strategy and the renewed Lisbon strategy for growth and jobs (adopted in 2000 and 2005 respectively). The improvement of the regulatory environment and regulatory processes at the level of the Institutions of the EU and its Member States is a key factor in creating a business environment conducive to productivity growth.This policy is known as "Better Regulation". This policy does not mean more regulation or less regulation but involves the putting in place of processes which ensure that all regulations are easy to understand, apply, comply with and are of high quality.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art16-en
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  • 63
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    Enlargement of the European Union : An Analysis of the Negotiations for Countries of the Western Balkans (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-50
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-50
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The European Union has made it clear on numerous occasions that the future of the Western Balkan nations lies within the Union. After the Balkan wars of the 1990s, accession is seen as a guarantee of peace and stability in the region by both the 27 countries of the Union and by the six Western Balkan countries : Albania, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia.This jointly-held belief is, however, an objective, which can only be reached when the six countries meet the conditions set by the Union for accession. Part of this preparation will take place through the implementation of the Stabilisation and Association Agreements (SAAs), which have been or are in the process of being negotiated with these countries. However, the conditions for accession go well beyond the programme of work implied by the SAA...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art5-en
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  • 64
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    OECD Economic Surveys: Ukraine 2007 (Ukrainian version) (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264064706
    Sprache: Ukrainisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Ukraine 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Ukraine 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Ukraine 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Ukraine 2007
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Ukraine
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264064706-uk
    URL: Volltext
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  • 65
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    Conflict-of-Interest Policies and Practices in Nine EU Member States : A Comparative Review (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-40
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-40
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; France ; Germany ; Hungary ; Italy ; Latvia ; Poland ; Portugal ; Spain ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This paper was prepared by Sigma, upon the request of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic, to serve as a basic comparative working document for the preparation of a new policy and regulation on conflict of interest in the Czech public sector. Given its generalist orientation, the paper could also be useful for other countries carrying out specific reforms in the area of conflict of interest and general reforms related to anti-corruption policies and instruments.This paper provides descriptive data and an analytical overview of approaches to managing conflicts of interest in the public sector of nine European countries - six "old" EU members (France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom) and three "new" EU members (Hungary, Latvia and Poland). The paper also provides some conclusions that are worth taking into account when reforming policies and instruments to improve regulations and practices on conflict of interest.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art4-en
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  • 66
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    Improving the Environmental Performance of Public Procurement : Report on Implementation of the Council Recommendation (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-36
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-36
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Council Recommendation on Improving the Environmental Performance of Public Procurement (C(2002)3) "... invited the Environment Policy Committee to monitor, assess, and report to the Council in 2005 on Member countries’ implementation of this Recommendation, and on any barriers to further implementation" (Appendix I).To help evaluate the extent to which member countries have implemented the Recommendation, a questionnaire was developed and applied (Appendix II). An informal Steering Group on Greener Public Purchasing was also established to guide the process. This Steering Group provided inputs to both the development of the questionnaire and the interpretation of its findings.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art26-en
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  • 67
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    Instrument Mixes Addressing Household Waste (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-61
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 61 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-61
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The present report presents the case studies made of instrument mixes addressing household waste in the United Kingdom and in the Netherlands.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art23-en
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  • 68
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    Instrument Mixes Addressing Mercury Emissions to Air (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-57
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 57 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-57
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This study deals with "instruments used to address mercury emissions to air", by which is meant all legislation, regulation and other measures intended to control or reduce anthropogenic, atmospheric mercury emissions. As the links are complex between actual inputs of mercury to society (consumption for intended use and mobilisation of mercury-impurities via industrial processes) and the final release sources, all types of measures addressing any phase in the life-cycle of mercury which may ultimately lead to atmospheric mercury emissions are included here. Due to its volatility, most forms of mercury released or discarded as waste - as vapour, as liquid elemental mercury, as compounds, as integrated in products, consumer waste or flue-gas cleaning residues - may lead to emissions to air.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art25-en
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  • 69
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    Lessons Learnt from Experience with Debt-for-Environment Swaps in Economies in Transition (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 5, p. 1-65
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 65 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 5, p. 1-65
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report summarises the major lessons learnt from the experience with debt-for-environment swaps (DFES) in selected transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. It presents the key steps in designing, negotiating and implementing DFES in low-income countries that have accumulated significant external debt and face challenges with servicing this debt. The report draws primarily on the experience of Poland, Bulgaria, Georgia and the Kyrgyz Republic but relevant cases and lessons from other countries in the world are included, as appropriate.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art15-en
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  • 70
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    Political Advisors and Civil Servants in European Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-70
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 70 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-70
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The tension between political advisors and civil servants is inherent in democratic administrative structures. How do countries define appropriate roles for political advisers and civil servants as rooted in their history? What regulations govern their respective functions? How do political advisers and civil servants cooperate? What are points of contention and how are disagreements resolved? Are there national innovations, also with regard to training? The aim of this questionnaire-based study is to present a variety of national traditions regarding the roles and responsibilities of political advisers and civil servants, as well as the institutional arrangements put into place to mediate inbuilt sources of conflict.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art6-en
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  • 71
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    Instrument Mixes Addressing Non-Point Sources of Water Pollution (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-100
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 100 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-100
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The present report presents the case studies made of instrument mixes addressing non-point sources of water pollution in agriculture in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark and in the Chesapeake Bay area of the United States. While all these case studies discuss instruments addressing nutrient run-off, the UK and the Danish case studies also discuss instruments addressing the use of pesticides in the agriculture sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art24-en
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  • 72
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    Trends in Environmental Finance in EECCA (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-50
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-50
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report examines developments in environmental financing in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) since 2000. It focuses on expenditures, both domestic sources of finance, as well as external environmental assistance; the latter includes Official Development Assistance/Official Assistance (ODA/OA), and lending from International Financial Institutions (IFIs).
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art9-en
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  • 73
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    Public Integrity and Post-Public Employment : Issues, Remedies and Benchmarks (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-24
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-24
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Post-public employment is one of several variations of the broad concept of conflict of interest, that is, the use of public office for private gain.1 Most post-employment offences occur when public officials use, or appear to use, information or contacts acquired while in government to benefit themselves, or others, after they leave government. However, despite use of the term post-public employment, these offences can actually occur before officials leave government. For example, a serving public official can give preferential treatment to a business firm with a view to obtaining employment with that firm after leaving government. If the official is successful in obtaining that employment and leaves government, he or she can then commit post-employment offences. For example, the official can use confidential information obtained while in government to the benefit of his or her new employer. Thus, a post-employment offence can arise both from the use of one’s current public office for private gain and from the wrongful exploitation of one’s previous public office. For the most part, however, the focus of this paper is on the behaviour of former public officials in their relations with government. Based on the experience of leading OECD countries, the paper will support the development of a state of the art handbook by covering all relevant aspects of a sound and comprehensive framework for preventing conflict of interest in post-public employment...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art19-en
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  • 74
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    Performance Indicators for Public Spending Efficiency in Primary and Secondary Education (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.546
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper assesses the potential to raise public spending efficiency in the primary and secondary education sector. Resource availability per pupil has increased significantly over the past decade in a number of countries; often in attempting to exploit the link between educational attainment and growth. However, available evidence reveals only a weak correlation between increased resource availability and pupil performance. In order to draw cross-country comparisons...
    DOI: 10.1787/285006168603
    URL: Volltext
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  • 75
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    Cross-Country Analysis of Efficiency in OECD Health Care Sectors : Options for Research (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.554
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: A key policy challenge in most OECD countries is to improve outcomes of the health care system while containing its costs. Benchmarking countries and identifying best practices to enhance public spending cost-effectiveness would, in this regard, be a useful exercise. This paper presents three main options for measuring effectiveness in the health care sector, discusses their pros and cons, including data availability and the possibility of whether these options would allow an analysis of how the institutional setting shapes spending effectiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/178861806081
    URL: Volltext
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  • 76
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    Report of the OECD pesticide risk reduction steering group seminar "Pesticide risk reduction through better application technology" (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-115
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 115 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-115
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The seminar considered opportunities for risk reduction through better pesticide application technologies. It considered a variety of technology options with such opportunities (e.g. equipment and techniques for reducing spray drift, technical requirements for spraying, establishing buffer zones, etc). While pesticide application technologies for agricultural use was the primary focus, the seminar also addressed municipal (e.g. for bio-security, mosquito control) and other non-agricultural sectors as they are also important in some OECD countries.The seminar considered the role of government and others in promoting innovations in modern, lower risk technologies and their adoption. Issues of safe handling closely related to application technology such as filling and cleaning of sprayers were also addressed. The seminar discussed areas such as minimum technical requirements, standards and certification for performance, maintenance and control of application equipment and technologies, and training and certification of workers and applicators. Regulatory requirements that address these areas, such as inspections of application equipment, were presented during the seminar. Also, voluntary measures such as guidelines addressing these technical requirements were reviewed.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art30-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 77
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    Building a Framework for Enhancing Transparency and Accountability in Lobbying (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-66
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 66 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-66
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This document presents the revised Framework for Enhancing Transparency and Accountability in Lobbying which is designed to support policy debate when lobbying reaches the political agenda. The Framework provides decision makers with policy options to meet public expectations for transparency, accountability and integrity in lobbying.This document is divided into two parts:• Part I presents the draft Framework in five sections that list key aspects of designing and implementing standards and rules to enhance transparency and accountability in lobbying. The draft Framework contains principles as well as description of alternative policy options and examples that may help decision makers put the Framework into practice.• Part II provides a comparative overview of building blocks, models and examples of country solutions. It supported discussion on possible approaches and elements of the Framework in the Special Session on Lobbying: Enhancing Transparency and Accountability of the Expert Group on Conflict of Interest.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art21-en
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for new Varieties of Sunflower : Key Food and Feed Nutrients, and Anti-nutrients and Toxicants (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-30
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-30
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This consensus document addresses compositional considerations for new varieties of sunflower by identifying the key food and feed nutrients and anti-nutrients. A general description of these components is provided. As well, there is background material on the production, processing and uses of sunflowers and considerations to be taken when assessing new sunflower varieties.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art33-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 79
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    Online-Ressource
    The Role of Ministries in the Policy System : Policy Development, Monitoring and Evaluation (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-48
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 48 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-48
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper offers a framework for assessing and developing the role of ministries in the policy process, covering OECD member countries, central and eastern European countries (CEECs), and countries of the Western Balkans (ex Yugoslavia and Albania). The analysis is based on a background paper and country papers prepared for a CARDS seminar held in Budva (Montenegro) in November 2005, which are supplemented by the results of a written questionnaire completed by participants during the event.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art7-en
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  • 80
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    Online-Ressource
    Lessons Learnt from Financing Strategies for the Municipal Waste Management Sector in Selected EECCA Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 5, p. 1-73
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 73 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 5, p. 1-73
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The publication sketches a realist portrait of the municipal waste management sector in EECCA based on field work, presents lessons learnt from the financing strategy case studies, as well as on the methodology (see Annex 1), and proposes recommendations on policies which could be implemented in EECCA countries to promote the financial sustainability of the municipal waste sector. The recommendations also build on lessons learnt in EU accession and candidate countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Turkey), and on the experience of the OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art14-en
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  • 81
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    Organising the Central State Administration : Policies and Instruments (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 6, p. 1-71
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 71 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 6, p. 1-71
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper has been prepared by the Sigma Programme following a request of the Government Office of the Czech Republic. The OECD has worked extensively during the last few years on issues relating to the organisational dimension of the national administration and, in particular, on the phenomenon of "agencification" and its impact on governance structures. It has already produced a significant number of analyses1, including a comprehensive comparative publication on Distributed Public Governance (2002)2. Sigma has also published on the topic in the framework of public expenditure management and with reference to transition countries.This OECD work was prompted by the problems caused by the increasing administrative-functional deconcentration within its member countries. The main questions posed were along the lines of: Does departmentalisation (keeping the whole responsibility within a ministry) ensure better control and efficient management of administrative and other public services or, on the contrary, does agencification (in the sense of setting up separate bodies) result in better management and de-politicisation?
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art17-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 82
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    Online-Ressource
    Current Developments/ Activities on the Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-30
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 77 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-30
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This document compiles information provided by member countries and other delegations on current developments on the safety of manufactured nanomaterials (section I) in their countries or organizations. There are also written reports on current activities related to nanotechnologies/ nanomaterials in other International Organisations such as the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) (section II). In addition, delegations added a short bulleted list of highlights at the top of their submissions to give readers a general idea of key events since the 1st meeting of the Working Party.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art36-en
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Use of Discount Rates in the Estimation of the Costs of Inaction with Respect to Selected Environmental Concerns (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-42
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-42
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviewed current discounting practice in the OECD. It found a wide variance in guidance across countries (which may or may not be justifiable by different economic conditions), and significant differences in guidance within countries. Furthermore, even when discounting guidance is specified, it is not always followed in practice.A clear conclusion from this study is the allocation of public funds would be substantially improved if OECD countries provided departments with a consistent set of guidance on discounting. This guidance should provide for the analysis of long-term projects, programmes and policies, which are increasingly important, particularly with respect to environmental concerns. Finally, guidance should incorporate advances in theory of discounting under long-term uncertainty. A recipe for determining the appropriate rate of decline in the discount rate is included in this paper.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art28-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 84
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    Progress in Modernising Environmental Regulation and Compliance Assurance in Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-71
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 71 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-71
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: In 2003, by endorsing the Guiding Principles for Reform of Environmental Enforcement Authorities in Transition Economies, the countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia (EECCA) agreed on a reference model to guide the modernisation of their systems for environmental regulation and compliance assurance. This report reviews their progress in implementing the Guiding Principles. The main conclusion is that countries took action to comply with the Guiding Principles, mostly to elevate the status of environmental enforcement authorities, clarify responsibilities, and provide training and a better infrastructure. While such improvements are an important basis for further reform, continued lack of progress in modernising strategies and instruments of work will inhibit institutional and environmental performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art10-en
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  • 85
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    Online-Ressource
    OECD-Wirtschaftsberichte: Euroraum 2006 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032033
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (119 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Euro Area 2006
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Zone Euro 2006
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Euro Area 2006
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Zone Euro 2006
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Euro Area
    Kurzfassung: Der Bericht liefert eine umfassende volkswirtschaftliche Analyse des Euroraums. Die Wirtschaftsberichte entstehen im Rahmen einer Peer Review und enthalten konkrete Empfehlungen für die Wirtschaftspolitik des untersuchten Landes. Diese Empfehlungen spiegeln den Konsens der OECD-Mitgliedsländer wider. Der Bericht erscheint alle eineinhalb bis zwei Jahre. Der Bericht enthält konkrete Empfehlungen für die Wirtschaftspolitik und untersucht, ob der Aufschwung nachhaltig ist. Die einzelnen Kapitel behandeln den Umgang mit der Diversität, die Geldpolitik und die Fiskalpolitik.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032033-de
    URL: Volltext
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  • 86
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    Eurostat-OECD Methodological Manual on Purchasing Power Parities (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264011335
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Europäische Kommission. Statistisches Amt Eurostat-OECD methodological manual on purchasing power parities
    RVK:
    QI 540
    Schlagwort(e): Kaufkraftparität ; Statistische Methode ; EU-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Statistik ; OECD ; Europäische Union ; Kaufkraftparität
    Kurzfassung: This manual explains the why, the how, and the when of the international price and volume comparisons of GDP organised by Eurostat and the OECD and it provides advice on the use and interpretation of PPP figures they publish.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264011335-en
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Eurostat-OECD Methodological Guide for Developing Producer Price Indices for Services (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030046
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Eurostat-OECD methodological guide for developing producer price indices for services
    RVK:
    QH 238
    Schlagwort(e): Erzeugerpreisindex ; Dienstleistungssektor ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; OECD ; Preisindex ; Dienstleistungssektor
    Kurzfassung: The International Producer Price Index Manual (PPI Manual) published by the IMF in 2004, constituted a landmark for international standards on price measurement and contains detailed, comprehensive information for the compilation of producer price indices. This Methodological Guide for Developing Producer Price Indices for Services is a complement to the PPI Manual in two ways: it focuses on service-specific aspects in the PPI compilation by developing further the conceptual framework and it adds detailed descriptions of PPI measurement for a series of service industries. This Guide has been jointly produced by the OECD, Eurostat and the members of a Taskforce with delegates from 19 OECD/EU Member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030046-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 88
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    Online-Ressource
    Infrastructure to 2030 (Vol.2) : Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031326
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (506 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 (Vol. 2) ; Électricité, eau et transports ; quelles politiques ?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 (Vol. 2) : Électricité, eau et transports : quelles politiques ?
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Infrastructure to 2030 ; Vol. 2: Mapping policy for electricity, water and transport
    Schlagwort(e): Infrastrukturpolitik ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrspolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; Russian Federation ; OECD ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Wasserversorgung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Telekommunikationswirtschaft ; Prognose 2030
    Kurzfassung: Infrastructure systems play a vital role in economic and social development. Demand for infrastructure is set to continue to expand significantly in the decades ahead, driven by major factors of change such as global economic growth, technological progress, climate change, urbanisation and growing congestion. However, challenges abound: many parts of infrastructure systems in OECD countries are ageing rapidly, public finances are becoming increasingly tight and infrastructure financing is becoming more complex. This book assesses the future viability of current "business models" in five infrastructure sectors: electricity, water, rail freight, urban mass transit and road transport. It proposes policy recommendations that aim to enhance capacity to meet future infrastructure needs, including measures that could be taken by governments both collectively and individually to create more favourable institutional, policy and regulatory frameworks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031326-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 89
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    Compilation Manual for an Index of Services Production (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034440
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Compilation manual for an index of services production
    RVK:
    QH 240
    Schlagwort(e): Dienstleistungssektor ; Produktionsstatistik ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Dienstleistungssektor ; Wirtschaftliches Verhalten ; Messung ; Indikator
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Compilation Manual for Index of Services Production contains guidelines and methodologies to measure short-term production activities of the services sector by national agencies and international organisations. The Manual fills a gap in existing international statistical standards for guidelines and recommendations on the compilation of output indicators for the services sector of OECD member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034440-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Space Economy at a Glance 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040847
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (105 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Panorama économique du secteur spatial 2007
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Space applications are becoming an increasingly important part of everyday life. Weather forecasting, air traffic control, global communications and broadcasting, disaster management -- these and many other key activities would be almost unthinkable today without satellite technology. The space industry itself is relatively small compared to other manufacturing sectors, but its technological dynamism and strategic significance mean that it plays an ever more critical role in modern society. Paradoxically, it also figures among the sectors which are the least developed in terms of robust, internationally comparable statistics and data. This book attempts to rectify that situation by assembling information from a wide range of official and non-official sources. Together these paint a richly detailed picture of the space industry, its downstream services activities, and its wider economic and social impacts. Who are the main space-faring nations? How large are revenues and how much employment is there in the sector? How much R&D goes on, and where? What is the value of spin-offs from space spending? Answers to these and other questions are provided in this first-ever OECD statistical overview of the emerging space economy. A dynamic link (StatLink) is provided for graphs, which directs the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel® format.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040847-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Report on the Regulatory Uses and Applications in OECD Member Countries of (Quantitative) Structure-Activity Relationship Models in the Assessment of New and Existing Chemicals (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 11, p. 1-79
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 79 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 11, p. 1-79
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This case studies report is part of the OECD effort to develop guidance for regulatory applications of (Quantitative) Structure-Activity Relationship [(Q)SAR] models, and emphasizes the use of programme-specific case studies to highlight the importance of legal and practical constraints and information requirements of individual regulatory programmes within OECD member countries in applying (Q)SAR approaches. This report provides a snapshot of the experiences of OECD member countries with respect to the use of (Q)SAR models in chemical assessment. The document provides both current regulatory uses in OECD member countries as well as prospective regulatory applications -- especially those within the European Union (EU) member states as a result of proposed legislation on chemicals (i.e., Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)). As such, the case studies report should be regarded as a living document which will be updated periodically as requested by member countries to describe the expanding role of (Q)SAR in regulatory settings...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art37-en
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Impacts of Unit-based Waste Collection Charges (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 8, p. 1-157
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 157 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 8, p. 1-157
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report explores the costs and benefits of systems for charging householders for waste. The study looks only at charges which vary with the amount and characteristics of the waste collected, referred to in the report as differential and variable rate, or DVR, charging systems. It is not concerned with taxes or charges levied on householders whichdo not vary according to how the waste collection services are used. The study uses a cost-benefit approach to attempt to draw out whether the balance of effects of such systems is positive or negative...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art30-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 93
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    Online-Ressource
    Uses of Pollutant Release and Transfer Register Data and Tools for their Presentation : A Reference Manual (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 10, p. 1-87
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 87 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 10, p. 1-87
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report presents numerous examples of the variety of tools for presenting and illustrating PRTR data and the types of uses of PRTR data in OECD member countries. It presents examples of uses for the purposes of the public, community groups, industry, the government, and academic and independent research institutions. The intent of this report is not to describe all of the many programmes, activities, and tools that use PRTR data, but to present examples in each category to illustrate the wide variety of current and evolving uses of such data.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art33-en
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  • 94
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    Risk Related Non-price Effects of the CAP Arable Crop Regime : Results from an FADN Sample (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-33
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-33
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper seeks to provide an empirical measure of the (absolute and relative) size of the relative price effect, the wealth effect and the insurance effect for a specific policy package: the arable crop regime of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU).
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v5-art42-en
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  • 95
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    Emission Scenario Document on Non-Integrated Paper Mills (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 6, p. 1-36
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 36 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 6, p. 1-36
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this emission scenario document (ESD) is to provide a realistic worst-case emission scenario for chemicals used at non-integrated paper mills. The general information about the processes and chemicals used is derived from literature data and several reports from the European Union and the United States. The emission estimation methods given in this ESD are based on those developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development with parameter defaults reflecting Canadian operations. This ESD on Non-integrated Paper Mills was developed in 2004 along with two sister documents, an ESD on Kraft Pulp Mills, and an ESD on Recovered Paper Mills. Although they were designed as stand alone documents, by their nature they represent different phases of the life cycle of paper products. The ESD on Kraft Pulp Mills represents the production stage when pulp is first produced. This ESD on Nonintegrated Paper Mills is representative of the industrial phase of the life cycle, when the pulp is converted to paper and/or board products. The ESD on Recovered Paper Mills is illustrative of the recovery stage, when paper products are recovered, reworked and recycled back into the community.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art23-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 96
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    Achieving the Goals of the Decommissioning Safety Case : A Status Report (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-39
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-39
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report records the position of the WPDD on the safety of decommissioning and the task for providing a decommissioning safety case. Guidance is already available, both internationally and nationally [1,2,3] on the detailed technical, management and administrative requirements for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Such guidance tends currently to focus on radiological aspects, reflecting its development from the safety case for the operational phase. The decommissioning phase, however, introduces some wider issues, or at least a change of emphasis on existing issues, and it is against this background that the WPDD started to review the key points that need to be addressed specifically for decommissioning safety and to consider whether there is sufficient guidance for the increased level of decommissioning activity expected over the next decade or so.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art11-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 97
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    Social Safety Nets and Structural Adjustment (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.517
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Social safety nets protect citizens against hardship. By offering compensation, social safety nets may help overcome the political resistance to trade liberalisation and structural reform, but they can also weaken the incentives to work and save. Depending on their design, safety nets may also ease or impair adjustment to changing economic circumstances. Against this backdrop, the paper looks at the impact of social safety nets on output and employment and on the ability of economies to absorb adverse shocks. Dependent on their design, the presence of extensive social safety nets is often associated with more limited labour resource use and lower per capita GDP levels, even though activation policy can provide offsets. Moreover, many of the characteristics of social safety nets that reduce output and employment levels heighten the persistence of slack in the wake of adverse shocks. By contrast, the impact of social safety nets on business investment and household saving, and by extension the current account balance, is not clear-cut.
    DOI: 10.1787/418374332425
    URL: Volltext
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  • 98
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    The Process of Regulatory Authorisation : A Report (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 5, p. 1-84
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 82 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 5, p. 1-84
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Governments and/or regulatory authorities are responsible for, among other things, the definition of regulatory controls or conditions, if any, that should be applied to radioactive sources or radiation exposure situations in order to appropriately protect the public, workers and the environment. Countries use different policy and structural approaches to fulfil this responsibility. Generally, the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) are used as at least part of the basis for protection. Now, with the evolution of recommendations from the ICRP, a single, conceptually simple, and self-coherent approach can be used by governments and regulatory authorities to define appropriate protection under all circumstances. This report describes this process.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art17-en
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  • 99
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    The Impact on Yields of Arable Crops of Moving from Price Support to Area Payments : A Study of the 1992 CAP Reform (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-4
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 54 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-4
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The aim of the study is to measure the impact of the 1992 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on arable crop yields in the European Union (EU), and more specifically to quantify the impact that the introduction of compensatory area payments had on yields. The CAP reform in May 1992 consisted largely in reducing support prices and offsetting the ensuing loss of income with direct payments based on factors of production, i.e. acreage in the case of COP (cereal, oilseed and protein) crops.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v5-art46-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 100
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    The Challenge of Capacity Development : Working towards Good Practice (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1-37
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 37 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1-37
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Capacity development is a major challenge. Technical Cooperation and various forms of capacity building have absorbed substantial funds over many decades. While a few countries have done well, donor efforts in many countries have produced little to show in terms of sustainable country capacity. This contrast between the importance of the challenge and the difficulty of meeting it is what stimulated the preparation of this paper. The paper draws on a large volume of documented experience provided by bilateral and multilateral donors and academic specialists. It is mainly concerned with capacity and performance in the public sector, but private sector experience is drawn on where relevant.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art2-en
    URL: Volltext
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