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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (826)
  • Agriculture and Food  (665)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Review of G7 Government-led Voluntary and Mandatory Due Diligence Measures for Sustainable Agri-food Supply Chains (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264967441 , 9789264912816 , 9789264946699
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Agroindustrie ; Ernährungsindustrie ; Due Diligence ; Lieferkette ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; G7-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This report aims to provide G7 agricultural policy makers with insights to better understand the design, objectives and mechanisms of national and regional, voluntary and mandatory due diligence-related measures. The report creates a fact-based selective inventory for policy makers to identify common elements across the measures with a view to strengthening, where possible, coherence of G7 policy responses to promote responsible business conduct in agricultural supply chains. The inventory also aims to help companies understand different national and regional standards by highlighting synergies and, where applicable discrepancies, to enable and support effective implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/f05af4a1-en
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Electronic sanitary certificates for trade in animal products : Opportunities and Challenges (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.190
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: Electronic exchange of sanitary and phytosanitary certificates can facilitate trade in animal and plant products. The electronic exchange of certificates can benefit both exporting and importing countries through enhanced efficiency gains, improved transparency, and traceability, as well as improved risk management along the food chain. However, the policy levers associated with e-sanitary certification systems are complex and include trade policies, as well as regulatory policies, investment policies, and public health and animal health policies. Countries face substantial challenges in the adoption of electronic sanitary certification systems including the costs associated with building the infrastructure, providing training, and updating existing regulatory systems. This paper reviews the uptake of e-sanitary certification systems and discusses the potential benefits and costs of adoption of these systems. Effective co-operation and collaboration between the public and private sectors are critical to the adoption and maintenance of sustainable e-sanitary certification systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/5417ff4f-en
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Fostering agricultural and rural policy dialogue (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.197
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: Agricultural and rural policies can benefit from potential synergies when designed correctly. Broadly speaking, agricultural policies target farms and food production, while rural policies focus on ensuring the development of a territory and the well-being of the rural population. Despite these differences, both policies are often applied within the same territory and share a growing interest in improving environmental sustainability and adapting to climate change, as well as improving inclusiveness, food security and nutrition, and increasing productivity and innovation. This paper calls for a constructive dialogue on policies and processes to enhance the synergies and coherence in policy advice, and helping to resolve possible trade-offs between agricultural and rural policies. There are many opportunities to build on potential synergies, including on the role of agriculture in structural change in rural areas, on diversifying farm and rural economies, and on ensuring environmental sustainability.
    DOI: 10.1787/d36fcbad-en
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Towards a National Circular Economy Strategy for Hungary (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264595521 , 9789264797598 , 9789264945173
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (249 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Ungarn ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Hungary
    Kurzfassung: The growing demand for raw materials in the Hungarian economy projected up to 2050 is expected to exert significant additional pressure on the environment, putting the country at risk of missing important environmental goals and opportunities to strengthen the competitiveness and resilience of its economy. Despite the notable progress in decoupling environmental pressures from economic activities over the past 20 years, several challenges remain. The transition to a circular economy has significant potential to address these challenges. To fully realise the circular potential of its economy, Hungary will need to adopt a comprehensive circular economy policy framework. This report outlines a set of key elements for the development of the Hungarian national circular economy strategy and action plan. It identifies priority areas that are deemed critical to the Hungarian circular economy transition, including: biomass and food, construction and plastics, as well as cross-cutting horizontal tools to facilitate an economy-wide circular transition. It also provides 45 policy recommendations and suggests specific implementation actions across the priority areas for the short, medium and long term.
    DOI: 10.1787/1178c379-en
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Innovative agro-food industries in the EU Outermost Regions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Policy Papers no.49
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an overview of agro-food value chains in the EU Outermost Regions (EU ORs). It assesses emerging trends, discusses opportunities and challenges, reviews the policy frameworks and tools that can strengthen the beneficial participation of EU ORs in international agro-food value chains, and proposes priority actions. The paper is developed within the framework of the EU-OECD project on Global Outermost Regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/0d615c8d-en
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  • 6
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    Online-Ressource
    Developing food labels for improved health outcomes : Insights into simplified nutrition labelling policies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (103 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.203
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Simplified nutrition labelling policies provide supplementary nutritional information in an easy-to-understand label displayed on food products at the front-of-pack. Forty-four countries have introduced these types of labelling schemes with a view to promoting positive public health outcomes. Preliminary insights on the impact of these schemes show that they can influence reformulation efforts by the food industry as well as consumers' purchasing decisions. The schemes differ, however, across several dimensions including implementation methods (voluntary or mandatory), the extent to which they provide consumers with nutrient information versus nutrition advice, the conveyed message, targeted products, design and appearance, and accompanying national policy mix. Their rapid proliferation across the world has led to a diversity of schemes which can have implications for private sector decisions and trade. Mechanisms to improve the availability of information and reduce administrative hurdles should be considered in order to improve the integration and use of such schemes, and to facilitate trade. Improving consistency across the nutrient criteria that underpin the different schemes could be considered when reviews are undertaken, especially at the regional level.
    DOI: 10.1787/c1f4d81d-en
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  • 7
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    Online-Ressource
    Towards resilient food systems : Implications of supply chain disruptions and policy responses (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.205
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores food supply chain resilience and its connection to resilience of food systems more broadly. In terms of availability and affordability, food supply chains have been resilient to a wide range of shocks. Trade plays an important risk pooling role in allowing countries to draw on international markets in the face of domestic shocks. Some domestic policies have helped absorb supply chain shocks, for example support to low-income households or the removal of supply chain bottlenecks. Other measures like export restrictions exacerbate instability. The concept of food systems resilience goes further than availability and affordability of food. It includes broader objectives (like livelihoods and environmental sustainability), and must also anticipate a broader range of shocks, as well as the pressures generated by food systems themselves on the environment. Policy makers should therefore take a more complete systems-wide view of resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/f7998e46-en
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Coherence and co-ordination at the centre of government in Romania (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.34
    Schlagwort(e): Regierung ; Politik ; Koordination ; Rumänien ; Governance ; Romania
    Kurzfassung: Governments operate in an increasingly volatile environment, marked by disruptive crises and cross-cutting policy challenges. This context has highlighted the importance centres of government (CoG) in setting up effective co-ordination systems, capable of developing and implementing coherent, whole-of-government responses to immediate threats, while steering the country towards a sustainable and resilient future. This policy paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current legal, organisational and policy framework and practices in Romania as they relate to policy co-ordination, within the CoG and between the CoG and ministries. It also provides recommendations for consolidating the General Secretariat of the Government's capacity and role in policy development and co-ordination, to improve the coherence of government action and, ultimately, achieve government priorities and commitments.
    DOI: 10.1787/3feaa33e-en
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  • 9
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    Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the European Union (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264710191 , 9789264384163 , 9789264437524
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (283 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Agriculture and Food Policy Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Politiques au service de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation de demain dans l'Union européenne (version abrégée)
    Schlagwort(e): EU-Agrarpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; EU-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: The European Union is one of the world's largest agro-food players. In an ever-changing economic and policy environment, the EU agro-food system has demonstrated its resilience and the ability to keep productivity growing. More needs to be done for the agricultural sector to improve its environmental sustainability performance in line with expectations. Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the European Union applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the sustainable productivity performance of the EU's agricultural sector and to identify the main challenges ahead. The EU´s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is called to play an important role in implementing the European Green Deal's vision and objectives. Responding to pressing environmental concerns will require redesigning CAP payments, addressing the implementation gap on sustainability, implementing an ambitious data and digitalisation strategy, and bringing innovation to the centre of the agricultural policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/32810cf6-en
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Sanitary and phytosanitary approval procedures : Key issues, their impact on trade, and ways to address them (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.192
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: Approval procedures are critical to sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) systems as they uphold countries’ commitments to facilitate safe trade. However, they can create significant costs and act as non-tariff barriers if not properly administered. This report examines the costs and opportunities that are associated with seven of the most pressing issues related to the administration of approval procedures. The analysis reveals that countries have increasingly raised specific trade concerns (STCs) to the WTO about issues related to approval procedures. Furthermore, gravity analysis demonstrates that trading partners dealing with STCs related to approval procedures trade 26% less on average than those not dealing with any STC. An OECD survey specifically designed to evaluate how issues related to approval procedures can be addressed indicates that multiple solutions exist to enhance efficiencies in agro-food trade, such as digitalizing SPS systems, relying on international standards or simplifying SPS measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/35c3fd16-en
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  • 11
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    Online-Ressource
    Towards a taxonomy of agri-environmental regulations : A literature review (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.194
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Regulations are an important part of the policy toolkit governments can use to address climate and environmental objectives in agriculture. This report reviews existing literature on the characteristics and assessment of environmental regulations in agriculture. It finds that direct evidence on the outcomes and cost-effectiveness of agri-environmental regulations is generally limited and situation-specific. However, a taxonomy that classifies and organises information on regulations can give a sense of their number, the environmental domains covered, and the scope and depth of their application. This is potentially useful with respect to measuring progress on international commitments for action on climate change mitigation and other analysis.
    DOI: 10.1787/1066cdef-en
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  • 12
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    The role of carbon pricing in transforming pathways to reach net zero emissions : Insights from current experiences and potential application to food systems (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.220
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the potential role and contribution of carbon pricing in transforming emission pathways towards net zero GHG emissions. It reviews carbon pricing’s impacts, overall and in the electricity sector in selected jurisdictions to date. The paper also analyses the current and potential application of emissions pricing (e.g. emissions trading schemes or carbon taxes) in food systems. The analysis finds that carbon pricing could contribute to net zero pathways alongside other policies, yet price levels and coverage to date have been too low to reduce emissions in line with the Paris Agreement’s goals. Carbon pricing’s contribution to net zero pathways could be further strengthened, including by incentivising demand-side shifts, sequencing policies and enhancing international carbon pricing collaboration. Applying emissions pricing in food systems faces significant short-term technical, methodological, and political barriers and could have just transition implications but reducing emissions from food systems could also lead to many co-benefits.
    DOI: 10.1787/5cefdf8c-en
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  • 13
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    Pursuing higher environmental goals for agriculture in an interconnected world : Climate change and pesticides (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.193
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Governments in many countries are pursuing higher environmental goals for agriculture. However, in an interconnected world, the unilateral adoption of environmental policies for agriculture can reduce the producers’ competitiveness and induce pollution leakage. This report analyses these challenges and discusses policy solutions, focusing on two examples: climate change mitigation policies and policies limiting the environmental impacts of pesticides. The extent of competitiveness and leakage effects is found to depend on market conditions, differences in pollution intensity, and the type of environmental policy adopted. Two policy routes are identified to improve agriculture’s environmental performance while maintaining the benefits of global markets. The first route relies on “direct” environmental policies, such as market-based instruments or regulations, which are rapidly effective in limiting environmental impacts but may require additional complementary policies to limit their potential competitiveness and leakage impacts. The second route involves alternative policies acting on agricultural supply, demand, or through private sector engagement, which limit competitiveness and leakage impacts but may require time to be environmentally effective.
    DOI: 10.1787/99d917ab-en
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  • 14
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    Characterising farming resilience capacities : An example of crop farms in the United Kingdom (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.195
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: Improving the resilience of farmers against external shocks is a priority for policy makers. This paper measures the resilience of a sample of farmers in the United Kingdom to assess the impact of the 2011-12 drought on their productivity and income. The analysis allows for the distinction of four resilience capacities: to prepare; to absorb the immediate impact of the shock; to adapt farming practices to a new environment; and to transform the business model, and improve productivity and income in the longer term. Results show that a single farm rarely performs strongly across these four capacities, and that those farms that best absorb the impact of the drought, perform poorly in transforming their business after the shock. While size and diversification improve absorption and adaptation, innovation is a key driver of long-term resilience to keep the pace of productivity gains. In the past, policies on agricultural risk management focused on the absorption capacity of farms and on stabilising income. Forward-looking resilience policies today need to prioritise other capacities, in particular preparedness, adaptation and transformation.
    DOI: 10.1787/1e26883b-en
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  • 15
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    Comportement des ménages et environnement : Opérer des choix durables sur fond de crises interdépendantes (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Études de l'OCDE sur la politique de l'environnement et le comportement des ménages
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe How Green is Household Behaviour?: Sustainable Choices in a Time of Interlocking Crises
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: Les choix des ménages – quoi manger, par quel moyen se rendre au travail, comment se chauffer, etc. – sont lourds de conséquences pour l’environnement. Alors qu’il est plus que jamais nécessaire d’agir en faveur de l’environnement et d’évoluer vers des modes de consommation plus soutenables, rendre ces choix plus durables promet de réduire notablement les incidences environnementales. Or, dans un contexte marqué par une accumulation de crises interdépendantes, les gouvernements peinent à accompagner les ménages afin de concrétiser ce potentiel. Le présent ouvrage passe en revue les résultats de l’enquête 2022 de l’OCDE sur la politique de l’environnement et l’évolution des comportements individuels. Cette enquête porte sur les attitudes et les comportements des ménages concernant l’énergie, les transports, les déchets et les systèmes alimentaires. Elle a été réalisée auprès de plus de 17 000 ménages dans 9 pays : Belgique, Canada, États-Unis, France, Israël, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suède et Suisse. L’enquête a aussi servi à recueillir des informations sur les raisons pour lesquelles les personnes interrogées changent de comportement et sur les obstacles qu’elles doivent surmonter, et offre de ce fait une source unique de données empiriques pour éclairer l’action des pouvoirs publics en faveur de modes de consommation plus durables.
    DOI: 10.1787/6892a2e0-fr
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  • 16
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    Artificial Intelligence in Science : Challenges, Opportunities and the Future of Research (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264446212 , 9789264332287 , 9789264928206
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from climate change to new contagions. This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current, emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific productivity. Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into research in developing countries. A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8d820bd-en
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  • 17
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    Strengthening Policy Development in the Public Sector in Ireland (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264731264 , 9789264375017 , 9789264597112
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentlicher Sektor ; Politik ; Politikfeldanalyse ; Irland ; Governance ; Ireland
    Kurzfassung: The report analyses the policy development process in Ireland. It focusses on three main areas that shape policy development: evidence, implementation, and legitimacy. It also discusses the skills, capacities, methods and tools in the Irish public sector that support effective policy development. The report highlights Ireland’s strengths, identifies gaps, provides examples of good practices, and suggests a number of areas of opportunity and action to bolster the policy development system and improve policymaking.
    DOI: 10.1787/6724d155-en
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  • 18
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    Mitigating the impact of extreme weather events on agricultural markets through trade (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.198
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: Extreme weather events can disrupt agricultural markets, but agricultural trade can help address subsequent food security concerns. Using the Aglink-Cosimo model, this stochastic scenario analysis sheds light on the complex relationships between trade and food security in an environment where extreme weather events create uncertainty. The analysis suggests that trade integration makes countries less vulnerable to negative yield shocks by mitigating the risk of extreme food prices and by stabilising food availability. Although no model can capture the complex process and consequences of opening this sector to trade, it is clear that trade integration needs to be part of a wider coherent policy package to improve food security.
    DOI: 10.1787/aa584482-en
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  • 19
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    How Green is Household Behaviour? : Sustainable Choices in a Time of Interlocking Crises (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264556928 , 9789264172746 , 9789264922945
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Comportement des ménages et environnement : Opérer des choix durables sur fond de crises interdépendantes
    Schlagwort(e): Privater Haushalt ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Nachhaltiger Konsum ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: Household choices – such as what to eat, how to get to work and how to heat our homes – have significant implications for the environment. With the urgency of environmental action and the need to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns, making more sustainable choices holds great potential to reduce environmental impacts. Yet in the context of interlocking crises, governments face challenges in supporting households with policies that realise this potential. How Green is Household Behaviour? presents an overview of results from the 2022 OECD Survey on Environmental Policies and Individual Behaviour Change. The survey investigates household attitudes and behaviour with respect to energy, transport, waste and food systems. It was carried out across more than 17 000 households in 9 countries, including Belgium, Canada, Israel, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The data collected also include information on self-reported motivations and barriers to change, providing a unique source of empirical evidence to inform policy efforts to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns.
    DOI: 10.1787/2bbbb663-en
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  • 20
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    Initial policy considerations for generative artificial intelligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.1
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) creates new content in response to prompts, offering transformative potential across multiple sectors such as education, entertainment, healthcare and scientific research. However, these technologies also pose critical societal and policy challenges that policy makers must confront: potential shifts in labour markets, copyright uncertainties, and risk associated with the perpetuation of societal biases and the potential for misuse in the creation of disinformation and manipulated content. Consequences could extend to the spreading of mis- and disinformation, perpetuation of discrimination, distortion of public discourse and markets, and the incitement of violence. Governments recognise the transformative impact of generative AI and are actively working to address these challenges. This paper aims to inform these policy considerations and support decision makers in addressing them.
    DOI: 10.1787/fae2d1e6-en
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  • 21
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    Climate change adaptation policies to foster resilience in agriculture : Analysis and stocktake based on UNFCCC reporting documents (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.202
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: National climate change adaptation programmes can strengthen agriculture's resilience to adverse climatic events by investing in absorptive capacity to mitigate the impact of a shock in the short run, adaptive capacity to effect incremental changes in the medium run, and transformative capacity to create fundamentally new agricultural production systems in the long run. Using UNFCCC reporting documents, this analysis takes stock of agricultural climate change adaptation programmes in OECD countries and evaluates their contribution to developing resilience. Significant investments have been undertaken in the creation of decision support tools, the management of soil and water resources, and cultivar selection and breeding to address key agricultural vulnerabilities, namely drought, flooding and declining crop yields. Adaptation programmes developed to date most heavily emphasise adaptive capacity to address sustained and growing climate risks. Actions that contribute to transformative capacity are beginning to emerge, but lag behind medium-run measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fa2c770-en
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  • 22
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    Politiques au service de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation de demain dans l'Union européenne (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264407435 , 9789264756458 , 9789264504981
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the European Union
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Grande puissance agroalimentaire mondiale, l'Union européenne se caractérise par un système agroalimentaire résilient et capable de maintenir la productivité à la hausse dans un contexte économique et politique en constante évolution. Mais il en faudra plus pour que le secteur agricole réponde aux attentes en matière de durabilité environnementale. Le présent rapport, Politiques au service de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation de demain dans l'Union européenne, est le résultat de l'application du cadre d'analyse de la productivité, de la durabilité et de la résilience (PSR) mis au point par l'OCDE, avec les valeurs les plus récentes de ses indicateurs agroenvironnementaux, pour comparer le bilan du secteur agricole de l'UE en termes de productivité durable et pour recenser les principaux défis à venir. La Politique agricole commune (PAC) de l'UE est appelée à jouer un rôle de premier plan dans la mise en œuvre des buts et objectifs du pacte vert pour l'Europe. Les préoccupations urgentes qui touchent l'environnement imposent de repenser les paiements de la PAC, de combler le déficit de mise en œuvre sur le plan de la durabilité, d'appliquer une stratégie ambitieuse dans les domaines des données et du numérique et d'amener l'innovation au centre de la politique agricole.
    DOI: 10.1787/9f2518bc-fr
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  • 23
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    Online-Ressource
    Labour and skills shortages in the agro-food sector (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.189
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Labour and skills shortages are a major concern in the agro-food sector across OECD countries. This challenge is compounded by the relatively small, and declining, contribution of agriculture to GDP, and the negative public perception of the sector with relatively low wages and limited career prospects. This paper reviews policies that have the potential to address labour and skills shortages in the agro-food sector including labour market, education and training, social protection policies, immigration, as well as agricultural specific policies. Many of the policy levers used to address the agro-food labour challenge lie outside the sector and involve finding the right policy mix that tends to be country specific. Furthermore, some issues can be addressed by closer public and private collaboration such as improving working conditions, increasing investment in agricultural education and training of young entrants to the sector. Greater attention also needs to be given to improving the image of agriculture as a career choice, promoting a more diverse workforce, improving the alignment of skills to the needs of the sector, promoting continuous learning, and strengthening national advisory services.
    DOI: 10.1787/ed758aab-en
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  • 24
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    Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in Spain (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264806344 , 9789264792548 , 9789264498952
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Agriculture and Food Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Agrarpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Spanien ; Agriculture and Food ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: Spain has a dynamic and competitive agro-food sector. However, higher productivity has not always reduced environmental pressures. The agricultural innovation and knowledge system could play a key role in addressing the environmental challenges and improving the sector’s resilience. Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in Spain undertakes a thorough examination of the Spanish agro-food sector. It applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the country’s sustainable productivity performance and to identify the main challenges facing the sector. This report proposes a new policy approach, which puts innovation at the centre of a strategy to reconcile environmental performance and productivity growth. Its policy recommendations focus on actions to improve the agricultural knowledge and innovation system and make it more responsive to the most urgent environmental pressures. This requires strengthening the institutional and regulatory framework that supports agricultural innovation and creating incentives to tackle the impediments for a more sustainable and resilient agriculture.
    DOI: 10.1787/a93d26be-en
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  • 25
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    Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the Netherlands (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264462045 , 9789264842250 , 9789264854727
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (147 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Agriculture and Food Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltpolitik ; Niederlande ; Agriculture and Food ; Netherlands
    Kurzfassung: The Netherlands has built an agricultural sector that is a world leader in productivity and competitiveness. But environmental challenges have grown increasingly urgent and the sector will have to adjust. A recent court ruling on nitrogen pollution has set the stage for a transition towards a more environmentally sustainable path that will be difficult and contentious. Leveraging the strong innovation capacity of the sector will be key to finding long-term solutions that work for farmers, citizens and the environment. Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the Netherlands takes stock of the current situation in the agriculture sector. It applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the country’s sustainable productivity performance and to identify the main challenges facing the sector, and make suggestions for a possible path forward.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb16dea4-en
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  • 26
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    Lignes directrices pour l'élaboration d'un indicateur de biodiversité des habitats agricoles propre à l'OCDE (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guidelines for the development of an OECD farmland habitat biodiversity indicator
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: La moitié des terres habitables de la planète étant utilisée pour l'agriculture, la surveillance de la biodiversité des terres agricoles est essentielle pour atteindre les objectifs de la Convention des Nations Unies sur la diversité biologique (CDB). Ce document vise à faire progresser la surveillance de la biodiversité agricole dans les pays de l'OCDE en étudiant les initiatives nationales actuelles et en proposant des lignes directrices pour l'élaboration d'un indicateur fondé sur l'habitat. L'approche proposée fournit un cadre flexible et pragmatique pour harmoniser les rapports des programmes nationaux tout en tenant compte de la diversité des facteurs contextuels d'un pays à l'autre, notamment les systèmes agricoles, le climat, les conditions biophysiques et les pools d'espèces. Afin de faciliter la mise en œuvre de l'indicateur à court terme, il est prévu trois niveaux de notification, qui dépendent de la disponibilité des données, de sorte que tous les pays peuvent participer, qu'ils disposent de ressources limitées en matière de données ou qu'ils soient déjà dotés de programmes de surveillance.
    DOI: 10.1787/e72d9f28-fr
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  • 27
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    Integrated approaches for agricultural sustainability and productivity assessments (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.204
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Increasing agricultural productivity growth sustainably can help to address the triple challenge of providing sufficient affordable and nutritious food for a growing global population, while supporting sector livelihoods and improving environmental outcomes. However, challenges remain in measuring environmentally sustainable productivity growth. This study uses alternative approaches to address these challenges and provides answers to the following questions: i) has Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth coincided with improved environmental outcomes?; and ii) has the agricultural productivity and environmental performance of countries improved over time? While there is compelling evidence that TFP growth has helped countries to expand agricultural output and reduce greenhouse gas emissions per unit of output, these emissions increased in absolute terms for about half of the OECD countries assessed and nitrogen surpluses increased for about one-third. While these environmental impacts would have been larger if output had expanded in the absence of productivity growth, there is room to steer innovation in the sector in a more environmentally sustainable direction.
    DOI: 10.1787/60cfa586-en
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  • 28
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    Guidelines for the development of an OECD farmland habitat biodiversity indicator (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.201
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Lignes directrices pour l'élaboration d'un indicateur de biodiversité des habitats agricoles propre à l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: With half of the world's habitable land being used for agriculture, monitoring the biodiversity on agricultural land is essential for meeting the objectives of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). This paper seeks to advance the monitoring of farmland biodiversity in OECD countries by investigating current national initiatives and proposing guidelines for the development of an indicator based on habitat. The proposed approach provides a flexible and pragmatic framework to harmonise reporting from national programmes while accommodating cross-country diversity in contextual factors, including farming systems, climate, biophysical conditions and species pools. To facilitate implementation in the near term, the indicator includes a three-tiered approach to reporting based on data availability, which accommodates countries with limited data resources as well as those that currently have monitoring programmes in place.
    DOI: 10.1787/09d45d55-en
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  • 29
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    Understanding the impact of consumer-oriented assurance schemes : A review of voluntary standards and labels for the environmental sustainability of agri-food products (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.200
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Assurance schemes (certifications and labels) are widespread in the agri-food sector. This paper reviews the landscape of existing schemes, and the evidence on whether labels change consumer behaviour, and whether assurance schemes achieve positive change on the farm. The impact of existing labels on shopping behaviours appears limited: even for well-established schemes, market shares remain low, as factors such as taste, health, or price appear to dominate consumer decisions. Regarding farm-level effects, not all crops, standards, and geographies have been equally well studied, and many studies find no effect; but when an effect is found, it is usually positive. The paper identifies actions to improve the effectiveness and inclusiveness of existing and new assurance schemes, and also highlights the new trend of labels which communicate environmental impacts, rather than conformity with process or production requirements.
    DOI: 10.1787/af917674-en
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  • 30
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    Bananas (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264931954
    Sprache: Mehrsprachig
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current international standard for Bananas. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in this produce.
    DOI: 10.1787/e762dec6-en-fr
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  • 31
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    Decoding agricultural tariffs : A practical guide on databases with preferential tariffs in agriculture (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.191
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) have become the major route for countries to reduce trade barriers and open new markets. To fully assess the current state of market opening for agricultural products and examine the potential impacts of RTAs, access to up-to-date and consistent information on preferential tariffs is crucial. There are multiple databases that collect information on preferential tariffs; however, it is not always easy to identify how these databases differ in terms of their data collection, treatment and representation, nor which database is the most appropriate for a specific type of analysis. This practical guide aims to help trade negotiators, policy makers, researchers, and private sector actors to identify which international or national database to use for their analysis of preferential tariffs on agricultural products.
    DOI: 10.1787/143e195b-en
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  • 32
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    Passion Fruit (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264374355
    Sprache: Mehrsprachig
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current standard for Passion Fruit. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in this produce.
    DOI: 10.1787/0e8b71d3-en-fr
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  • 33
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    Panduan OECD‑FAO untuk Rantai Pemasok Agrikultura yang Bertanggung Jawab (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264534643
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guide OCDE-FAO pour des filières agricoles responsables
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Руководство ОЭСР-ФАО по ответственным производственно-сбытовым цепочкам в сфере сельского хозяйства
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guia OCDE-FAO para Cadeias de Fornecimento Responsáveis no setor agrícola
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guía OCDE-FAO para las cadenas de suministro responsable en el sector agrícola
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD/FAO-Leitfaden für verantwortungsvolle landwirtschaftliche Lieferketten
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe توجيهات منظمة التعاون والتنمية في الميدان الاقتصادي ومنظمة الأغذية والزراعة بشأن سلاسل الإمدادات الزراعية المسؤولة
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: OECD dan FAO telah mengembangkan Panduan ini untuk membantu perusahaan mematuhi standar perilaku bisnis yang bertanggung jawab dan melakukan uji tuntas di sepanjang rantai pemasok agrikultura untuk memastikan bahwa operasi mereka berkontribusi pada pembangunan berkelanjutan. Pedoman tersebut terdiri dari: • Model kebijakan perusahaan yang menguraikan standar yang harus dipatuhi oleh perusahaan untuk menciptakan rantai pemasok agrikultura yang bertanggung jawab. • Kerangka kerja untuk uji tuntas yang menjabarkan lima langkah yang harus diikuti oleh perusahaan untuk mengidentifikasi, menilai, memitigasi, dan menjelaskan cara mengatasi dampak merugikan dari aktivitas mereka. • Uraian risiko utama yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan dan tindakan untuk memitigasi risiko ini. • Panduan untuk berinteraksi dengan penduduk asli.
    DOI: 10.1787/1286bb3f-id
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  • 34
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    Costs, benefits and effectiveness of remote audits for international food safety (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.196
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Remote audits enabled international food trade to continue despite the severe COVID-19 pandemic disruptions, but what is their role in the future? Based on case studies and an OECD survey, this report examines the cost, benefits and effectiveness of remote audits. The analysis reveals that key benefits include lower travel expenses, reduced emissions footprints, more flexible use of time, and opportunities to train and involve more staff. There were nevertheless major drawbacks, including limitations to gather audit evidence, a heavy additional burden of preparation time, internet connectivity issues, and the lack of interpersonal engagement. In general, most stakeholders consider remote audits to be less effective than on-site audits, particularly for those of regulatory systems or for the physical auditing of establishments. This report highlights the need to harmonise the terminology in this area of work, and to develop practical guidelines on how and when to conduct remote audits.
    DOI: 10.1787/fef97106-en
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  • 35
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    Global Trends in Government Innovation 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264631113 , 9789264704770 , 9789264465930
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Innovation ; Politik ; Welt ; Governance ; Australia ; Belgium ; Brazil ; Colombia ; Italy ; Netherlands ; Sierra Leone ; Singapore ; Spain ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: In the face of what has increasingly been referred to as an ongoing “permacrisis”, governments must cope with and respond to emerging threats while already grappling with longstanding issues such as climate change, digital disruption and low levels of trust. In this context, understanding new approaches and spreading successful ideas has never been more important. To promote this, the OECD Observatory of Public Sector Innovation (OPSI) has analysed 1 084 innovative initiatives from 94 countries to derive and understand novel government practices. The report discusses four key trends: 1) new forms of accountability for a new era of government, 2) new approaches to care, 3) new methods for preserving identities and strengthening equity and 4) new ways of engaging citizens and residents. Ten case studies and dozens of supporting examples illustrate these trends.
    DOI: 10.1787/0655b570-en
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  • 36
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    The G20 initiative for rural youth employment : A better future for rural youth (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Policy Papers no.48
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Between 2017 and 2022, G20 members invested over USD 20 billion in 671 projects related to rural youth employment in Africa. The G20 Initiative for Rural Youth Employment (RYE), launched in 2017, overachieved the targets set to provide employment-related skills to 5 million youth and create 1.1 million jobs by 2022. The most common types of interventions were those focused on agriculture value chain development, skills training, and the promotion of entrepreneurship and small and medium-sized businesses. The paper assesses the achievements of the G20 Initiative for RYE, analyses different RYE programmes and provides recommendations for future G20 initiatives and RYE programming. Despite great progress, much remains to be done to tackle rural youth employment challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac173afe-en
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  • 37
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    Overcoming evidence gaps on food systems : Synthesis (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.199
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: There is a growing awareness of the need to transform food systems. Yet successful actions require sound evidence: on the extent, characteristics, and drivers of issues; on the effectiveness of different policy instruments, and their synergies and trade-offs; on how policy proposals would affect stakeholders; and on citizens' values and preferences. There are considerable evidence gaps on many of these aspects. This paper presents the main findings from the OECD project "Overcoming Evidence Gaps on Food Systems," which aimed to identify different types of evidence gaps, as well as pragmatic approaches to overcome these. The project explored this question through three "deep dives" on food insecurity and food assistance programmes across OECD countries, gender and food systems, and environmental impacts along food supply chains. Overall, there is a strong case for greater investment in overcoming evidence gaps for food systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/043db97b-en
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  • 38
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    New Aspects of EPR: Extending producer responsibility to additional product groups and challenges throughout the product lifecycle (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.225
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach that makes producers responsible for their products at the post-consumer stage of the lifecycle. It has been widely adopted by governments and companies across the OECD membership and beyond and is currently most commonly used for electronics, packaging, vehicles, and tyres. The success of EPR in increasing material recovery rates has triggered a debate about expanding the use of EPR to additional product groups. Additionally, there is a debate about expanding producer responsibilities to additional impact categories, which go beyond the traditional use of EPR to cover end-of-life costs that occur at the domestic level. This paper presents a discussion of relatively novel applications of EPR to additional product groups (plastic products beyond packaging, textiles, construction materials, and food waste) and to environmental impacts (design considerations, pollution and littering) that occur throughout the product lifecycle. Based on select case studies, this report evaluates the successes and challenges that early adopters of applying the EPR approach to new product groups or additional environmental impact categories have experienced. It reviews the arguments for further application of EPR, possible limitations and provides guidance on when and how to best apply an EPR.
    DOI: 10.1787/cfdc1bdc-en
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  • 39
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    Reorienting budgetary support to agriculture for climate change mitigation : A modelling analysis (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.206
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Reforming agricultural support is increasingly considered a viable means to enhance agriculture’s contribution to climate change mitigation, while fulfilling broader food systems policy objectives related to food security and livelihoods. This study uses a new computable general equilibrium model to investigate a set of global policy reform scenarios that reorientate governments’ budgetary transfers to agriculture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The results suggest that removing budgetary support globally would reduce agricultural emissions by 2.1% with potential negative effects on food supply. Reorienting existing support, instead, could have significantly stronger effects: decoupling payments from production and tying these to suitable agri-environmental practices could raise emission reduction to over 4% without harming food supply. Targeted investments in productivity and abatement technologies could bring additional emission savings in the long term with co-benefits for food security. Overall, combining green decoupling and investment policies in OECD countries would reduce global agricultural emissions by 5% – or by 11% if extended to other regions – while balancing outcomes across the three dimensions of the food systems’ triple challenge.
    DOI: 10.1787/28248b95-en
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  • 40
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    Industries agroalimentaires novatrices dans les régions ultrapériphériques de l’UE (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Policy Papers no.49
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovative agro-food industries in the EU Outermost Regions
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: Ce document présente une vue d'ensemble des chaînes de valeur agroalimentaires dans les régions ultrapériphériques de l'UE (RUP de l'UE). Il évalue les tendances émergentes, discute des opportunités et des défis, examine les cadres politiques et les outils qui peuvent renforcer la participation bénéfique des RUP de l'UE dans les chaînes de valeur agroalimentaires internationales, et propose des actions prioritaires. Ce document s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet conjoint UE-OCDE sur les régions ultrapériphériques du monde.
    DOI: 10.1787/04a79fa0-fr
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  • 41
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    Inventaire OCDE des mesures de soutien pour les combustibles fossiles 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Malgré les engagements visant à intensifier et à accélérer l’action climatique, le coût budgétaire du soutien public aux combustibles fossiles a presque doublé en 2022 pour atteindre plus de 1 400 milliards de dollars, alors que les gouvernements des pays de l’OCDE et des pays partenaires ont lancé des initiatives substantielles pour atténuer les coûts énergétiques élevés pour les ménages et les entreprises, causés en partie par la guerre d'agression de la Russie contre l'Ukraine. Cette tendance croissante constitue une menace réelle pour nos objectifs collectifs de zéro émission nette et met en évidence les défis que représentent le respect des engagements de zéro émission nette face aux perturbations géopolitiques et économiques. À l’avenir, il sera essentiel de réformer les mesures de soutien afin de mieux cibler ceux qui en ont le plus besoin. Le soutien aux combustibles fossiles devrait aussi être progressivement supprimé dès que possible. Cela contribuera à libérer des ressources indispensables à la transition vers zéro émission nette et à accélérer l’innovation pour améliorer l’efficacité énergétique.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a234d8b-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 42
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    OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Inventaire OCDE des mesures de soutien pour les combustibles fossiles 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Despite commitments to scale up and speed up climate action, the fiscal cost of government support for fossil fuels almost doubled in 2022 to reach more than USD 1.4 trillion as governments across the OECD and partner countries introduced substantial initiatives to mitigate high energy costs on households and firms, caused in part by Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine. This rising trend is a real threat to our collective net zero goals and highlights the challenges of staying on track with net zero commitments in the face of geopolitical and economic disruption. Going forward, it will be critical that support measures are reformed to better target those most in need. Support for fossil fuels should also be phased out as soon as possible. This will help free up much needed resources for the transition towards net zero emissions and accelerate innovation to improve energy efficiency.
    DOI: 10.1787/87dc4a55-en
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  • 43
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    经合组织–粮农组织2023-2032年农业展望 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264882843
    Sprache: Chinesisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (245 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives agricoles de l’OCDE et de la FAO 2023-2032
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OCDE-FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas 2023-2032
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2023-2032
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: 经合组织-粮农组织2023-2032年农业展望》对国家、区域和全球层面的农产品和渔产品未来10年市场前景做出一致评估，为前瞻性政策分析和规划提供参考。本《展望》对农业投入成本上升对粮食价格的影响进行了研究。经合组织-粮农组织Aglink-Cosimo模型的新特点是，可将主要矿物肥料成本变化的影响与其他生产投入的成本分开进行分析。据此通过情景分析估计，化肥价格每上涨1%，农产品价格将上涨0.2%。预计未来十年全球粮食消费（农产品的主要用途）年均增长1.4%，由于人口和人均收入增长放缓，增速将低于过去十年水平。本《展望》还对粮食消费的估算方法进行了改进，首次引入了估算粮食损失和浪费的计算方法。 本报告由经济合作与发展组织（经合组织）和联合国粮食及农业组织（粮农组织）共同编写，成员国和国际商品机构提供了支持。报告在假设天气条件或政策没有重大变化的前提下，突出了推动全球农业及食品部门发展的基本经济和社会趋势。 补充信息可以在www.agri outlook.org查阅。
    DOI: 10.1787/f2ad1d80-zh
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  • 44
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    The role of China’s feed deficit in international grain markets (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.172
    Schlagwort(e): Getreidepreis ; Futtermittelmarkt ; Getreidemarkt ; Import ; Ernährungssicherung ; China ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; China, People’s Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Kurzfassung: International grain prices experienced a sharp increase during the 2020/2021 marketing season, most likely due to the unprecedented increase of imported grains by China. What would be the possible impact on international grain markets if China remains a strong grain importer? The scenario developed to explore the impact of such a development shows that further increases in Chinese grain imports over the medium term could result in a 4% to 25% increase in agriculture commodity prices compared to what was projected in the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2021-2030.
    DOI: 10.1787/2138cc7f-en
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  • 45
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    The digitalisation of agriculture : A literature review and emerging policy issues (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.176
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Digitalisation offers the potential to help address the productivity, sustainability and resilience challenges facing agriculture. Evidence on the adoption and impacts of digital agriculture in OECD countries from national surveys and the literature indicates broad use of digital technologies in row crop farms, but less evidence is available on uptake for livestock and speciality crops. Common barriers to adoption include costs (up-front investment and recurring maintenance expenses), relevance and limited use cases, user-friendliness, high operator skill requirements, mistrust of algorithms, and technological risk. National governments have an important role in addressing bottlenecks to adoption, such as by ensuring better information about costs and benefits of various technologies (including intangible benefits such as quality of life improvements); investing in human capital; ensuring appropriate incentives for innovation; serving as knowledge brokers and facilitators of data-sharing to spur inclusive, secure and representative data ecosystems; and promoting competitive markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/285cc27d-en
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  • 46
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    Policies to bolster trust in agricultural digitalisation : Issues note (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.175
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: One important constraint to farmers’ adoption of digital technologies, beyond costs, relevance, user-friendliness, human capital requirements, and perceived technology risks, is farmers’ lack of trust in digital technologies. A number of issues underlie this lack of trust: 1) problems of data privacy, security, and confidence in data sharing; 2) cases of misaligned incentives of sellers and buyers of digital technologies; 3) difficulty in learning how to unwrap “black box” technologies; and 4) lack of standards for comparing and certifying the operation of digital technologies. Governments have several potential options to help bridge these trust gaps. These include encouraging firms to decouple their sales of problem assessment from sales of solutions; strengthening public sector extension services and farmers’ technological learning; facilitating the development of risk-sharing arrangements between technology providers and farmers; and exploring ways to promote the standardisation of evaluation and certification of digital agricultural technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/5a89a749-en
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  • 47
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    Maritime Transportation Costs in the Grains and Oilseeds Sector : Trends, Determinants and Network Analysis (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (54 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.179
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: More than 80% of global trade in grains and oilseeds occurs by maritime transport. This report provides an in-depth analysis of ocean freight rates during 2007-2021, examining their evolution, volatility, determinants, and how they influence port networks. Freight rates accounted on average for 11% of the cost and freight price, but this share ranges between 2% and 43%, demonstrating the potentially large impact of freight rates on consumer prices. Freight rates for grains and oilseeds are generally more volatile than their free-on-board prices. Regression analysis shows that a 10% increase in the distance between two ports is estimated to lead to a 2.5% increase in freight rates. It also demonstrates that freight costs for grains and oilseeds do not obey the iceberg formulation, which implies that they should be modelled as additive (constant costs per unit traded) rather than as multiplicative (iceberg) costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/b1cdf6b7-en
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  • 48
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    Eliminating government support to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.178
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses how to stop illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing benefitting from government support. Based on a survey of OECD countries and partner economies participating in the work of the OECD Fisheries Committee, it recommends actions that can be undertaken by countries to maximise the chances of excluding individuals and companies with links to IUU fishing from government support, and to minimise the risk that such support benefits IUU fishing ex ante, given the inherent difficulty to take action ex post. Eight specific recommendations are presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/f09ab3a0-en
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  • 49
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    The impacts of agricultural trade and support policy reform on climate change adaptation and environmental performance : A model-based analysis (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (78 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.180
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: This study investigates whether agricultural policy reforms could help cushion the impacts of climate change on agriculture by facilitating the relocation of production and international trade. The agricultural sector faces immense challenges in ensuring the provision of food, farm incomes, employment and environmental services in a changing climate. Its ability to meet these challenges depends, in part, on the flexibility with which agricultural production can be relocated in response to agro-ecological and market conditions being reshaped by climate change in a sustainable manner. To better understand these interactions, this study employs a quantitative model to assess the economic and environmental effects of removing market distorting policies under climate change. The results suggest that the policy reforms could reduce the extent to which climate change increases agricultural commodity prices and undernourishment and, in that sense, contribute to global adaptation to climate change. Accompanying policy measures may however be required to prevent potential trade-offs associated with the reforms, including increases in land use emissions.
    DOI: 10.1787/520dd70d-en
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  • 50
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    Assessing national digital strategies and their governance (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (29 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.324
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalisierung ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The form, content and governance of national digital strategies varies significantly across countries, and questions have arisen as to what a national digital strategy should cover and how to govern it. This paper analyses national digital strategies and their governance across countries. It proposes a novel methodology to assess the comprehensiveness of national digital strategies using newly collected policy information and applying the OECD Going Digital Integrated Policy Framework as a benchmark. The resulting indicator – the NDSC – measures national digital strategy comprehensiveness, providing insights into the potential of a country’s national digital strategy to co-ordinate the policies needed to make digital transformation work for growth and well-being. The NDSC is available interactively on the OECD Going Digital Toolkit.
    DOI: 10.1787/baffceca-en
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  • 51
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    Illicit Trade in High-Risk Sectors : Implications of Illicit Alcohol for Public Health and Criminal Networks (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264713956 , 9789264849273 , 9789264467248
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (65 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Illicit Trade
    Schlagwort(e): Illegaler Handel ; Alkoholisches Getränk ; Alkohol ; Kriminalität ; Gesundheitswesen ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Trade in illicit alcohol products is an attractive target for organised crime, as both the market and potential profits are large, in some cases requiring little investment. The illicit alcohol trade not only fuels criminal networks, but also poses significant risks to public health and safety. This report structures and enhances existing evidence on illicit alcohol trade. It examines the nature and scope of illicit trade in the sector, assesses the impacts of illicit trade on socio-economic development, and identifies the factors driving illicit trade in the sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/1334c634-en
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  • 52
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    Effets de l’agression russe contre l’Ukraine sur les marchés agricoles et conséquences pour l’action publique (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The impacts and policy implications of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine on agricultural markets
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Depuis février 2022, les capacités de récolte et d’exportation de produits végétaux de l’Ukraine sont affaiblies par l’agression lancée contre elle par la Russie. D’après les résultats présentés dans cette synthèse, si les capacités d’exportation de l’Ukraine devaient être réduites à néant et les exportations russes de blé, baisser de 50 %, les prix internationaux du blé pourraient augmenter de 34 % durant la campagne 2022/23.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c120154-fr
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  • 53
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    Food insecurity and food assistance programmes across OECD countries : Overcoming evidence gaps (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.183
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Food systems are expected to ensure food security and nutrition for a growing population. While food insecurity is more acute in developing countries, OECD countries are also affected. The current high-level of food prices could push more people into poverty and hunger. Governments have a role to play in easing impacts on households. They run or support food assistance programmes, such as school meal programmes, food voucher programmes and food banks’ operations. Based on OECD countries’ experiences, this paper provides a roadmap to identify and overcome evidence gaps on food insecurity and food assistance programmes to allow for a better targeting and improved efficiency of such programmes. This paper highlights the need for a coordinated effort by OECD countries to collect regular and comparable information.
    DOI: 10.1787/42b4a7fa-en
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  • 54
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    Gender and food systems : Overcoming evidence gaps (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.184
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Fostering gender inclusion can have positive impacts on the food systems' triple challenge of ensuring food security and nutrition for a growing population, supporting the livelihoods of millions of people working in the food supply chain, and doing so in an environmentally sustainable way. Yet these positive synergies are often invisible as sex-disaggregated information is not collected. This report calls for the development of better evidence on gender and food systems as a necessary first step in the path towards gender equality. Based on OECD countries’ experiences, it provides a roadmap to identify and overcome evidence gaps on gender aspects and policies that address gender inequality in food systems with the aim of advancing women’s contribution to food systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/355ba4ee-en
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  • 55
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    Rule of Law and Governance in the Palestinian Authority : Delivering Better Policies and Legislation for People (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264399877 , 9789264430990 , 9789264340244
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (123 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Politik ; Regulierung ; Rechtsstaat ; Palästina ; Governance ; Palestinian Authority
    Kurzfassung: Sound policy making and regulatory policy are critical for responsive, efficient government and public service delivery. This report analyses the institutional and policy framework for policy making and regulatory policy in the Palestinian Authority. It includes recommendations for improving the planning and co-ordination of policy making and legislative commitments and for enhancing regulatory and operational guidance for harmonised policy and law development. The first part provides a general analysis of the different stages of policy design, while the second part focusses more specifically on regulatory policy and related impact assessment tools.
    DOI: 10.1787/68ffa992-en
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  • 56
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    Soil carbon sequestration by agriculture : Policy options (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.174
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Net soil carbon sequestration on agricultural lands could offset 4% of annual global human-induced GHG emissions over the rest of the century and make an important contribution to meeting the targets of the Paris Agreement. To harness this potential of the agricultural sector to positively contribute to the sustainability agenda, a package of policies is needed to enhance global soil carbon stocks. Such a package would include regulations to prevent the loss of soil carbon, knowledge transfer policies to promote “win-win” solutions, and additional incentives delivered via market-based policies. The latter will need to be supported by innovative contracting solutions to address concerns about the non-permanence of carbon stocks and to reduce transaction costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/63ef3841-en
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  • 57
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    Apples (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264868953
    Sprache: Mehrsprachig
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (113 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apples
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current apples standard. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in apples. This brochure is available in electronic format only.
    DOI: 10.1787/421fcacc-en-de
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  • 58
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    Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in Viet Nam (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (87 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.181
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Viet Nam
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses Viet Nam’s agricultural sector through the lens of the OECD Agro-food Productivity-Sustainability-Resilience (PSR) Policy Framework. Agriculture has played an important role in Viet Nam’s remarkable economic growth over the past thirty years. In the 1990s, government policies contributed to strong agricultural productivity growth, but this has since fallen. OECD Agri-Environmental indicators also reveal weaknesses in the environmental footprint of growth, notably with respect to nutrient balances, as a result of the excessive use of agro-chemicals and poor animal waste management practices. The agricultural sector faces significant resilience challenges from climate change impacts, including sea level rises and more frequent and severe storm events. Although the level of agricultural support provided to farmers is relatively low, policies such as land use regulations are skewed in favour of rice production, thereby maintaining a production structure dominated by small part-time household farms that limit innovation. Viet Nam’s support for general services for agriculture (GSSE) was equivalent to 2.5% of agricultural value added in 2018-20, well below the OECD average. Shifting the focus of support towards research, development, and innovation partnerships with the private sector will contribute to improving the agri-environmental performance of agriculture in Viet Nam. This should ideally be accompanied by a reform of land use regulations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9cc1f47a-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 59
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    Agricultural Total Factor Productivity and the environment : A guide to emerging best practices in measurement (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (40 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.177
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Increased productivity and sustainability of the agricultural sector are core policy objectives in OECD and non-OECD countries. This Guide provides an overview of the current state of the art in measuring sustainable productivity of the agricultural sector and analysing sources of growth in a reliable and comparable manner across countries in a way useful for policy makers. It draws on the contributions from members of the OECD Network on Agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and the Environment that brings together relevant experts from academia and national statistical agencies. Its insights will be key for designing policies necessary to meet the triple challenge of feeding a growing world population and providing incomes to food system actors whilst ensuring environmental sustainability.The Guide presents recommendations in two areas. First, on how to improve the traditional calculation of TFP based on market prices inputs and outputs, proposing harmonised methods on capital measurement, land pricing, output aggregation and quality adjustment. Second, on how to account for environmental outcomes, considering a reduction in pollution or emissions as a productivity gain, but the increased use of natural capital as a productivity loss. A main challenge is the estimation of “shadow prices” for non-market inputs and outputs. It is recommended to pursue several complementary avenues: investing in improving TFP methodologies and data; continuing investigating its expansion to include environmental outcomes; and mapping traditional TFP with other indicators of agri-environmental performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/6fe2f9e0-en
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  • 60
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    Benefits of regional co-operation on the energy-water-land use nexus transformation in Central Asia (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (77 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Green Growth Papers no.2022/01
    Schlagwort(e): Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Ressourcennutzung ; Umweltschutz ; Klimaschutz ; Zentralasien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Energy ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: The “energy, water and land use nexus” approach has been attracting attention of policy makers, development practitioners and academia in Central Asia as a tool to facilitate regional and cross-sectoral co-operation for climate action and resource security. However, further work is still needed to better understand economic and non-economic benefits of the nexus approach, and integrate it into policy processes in the countries. Based on desk research and consultations with stakeholders in Central Asia, this paper aims to highlight several possible action points for promoting the energy-water-land use nexus approach in the face of a changing climate in the region.
    DOI: 10.1787/7fcec36c-en
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  • 61
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    Well-being analytics for policy use : Policy evaluation through a well-being lens in Slovenia (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.7
    Schlagwort(e): Lebensqualität ; Zufriedenheit ; Sozialer Indikator ; Einkommensverteilung ; Politik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Slowenien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovenia
    Kurzfassung: This paper first identifies Slovenia’s main well-being challenges, namely to boost productivity and increase performance on economic indicators without compromising its low levels of inequalities in wealth and income, and to strive for better human capital outcomes, including health outcomes and adult skills. Second, the paper assesses the welfare impacts of some structural reforms based on the shadow price of employment, which is equal to 3% of household income. The largest welfare impacts stem from: i) a cut in regulation of the energy, transport and communication sectors; ii) an increase in ALMPs; iii) a cut in the average tax wedge on households; iv) a cut in the minimum wage; v) an increase in the number of weeks of maternity leave; vi) a cut in the replacement rate of unemployment benefits.
    DOI: 10.1787/9ca973f1-en
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  • 62
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    Making Agri-Environmental Payments More Cost Effective (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264475342 , 9789264830707 , 9789264874916
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (125 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Agrarsubvention ; Umweltschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Agri-environmental payment schemes which operate as voluntary programmes that pay farmers to achieve certain environmental criteria have gained increasing interest and popularity amongst policy makers and farmers. There is growing evidence, however, that the majority of such schemes that have been implemented have had little environmental effectiveness. Building on past OECD work, this report identifies and discusses “best practice” design principles for cost-effective agri-environmental payment schemes. To this end, the report reviews the literature, develops a Policy Spectrum Framework that classifies payment types based on key design features for achieving cost-effective outcomes, and presents policy simulations undertaken to assess the cost-effectiveness of different payment designs and a multi-country choice experiment conducted with farmers to explore their preferences for different types of payments, ranging from practice-based to results-based payments.
    DOI: 10.1787/4cf10d76-en
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  • 63
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    First lessons from government evaluations of COVID-19 responses: A synthesis (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Schlagwort(e): Coronavirus ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Taxation ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: While the COVID-19 pandemic has hit different countries with varying intensity, responding to the crisis has presented an unprecedented challenge to most governments. In this context, evaluations provide critical tools to support real time sharing of lessons on what is working, what is not, what could work and for whom. This paper draws lessons from evaluations that governments have carried out themselves of their COVID-19 responses. It provides a synthesis of the evidence from 67 such evaluations produced in OECD countries during the first 15 months of the pandemic. These first evaluations show that many governments came to similar conclusions, and allow us to identify important insights that can feed into ongoing policy responses to the crisis – as well as increase future resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/483507d6-en
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  • 64
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    Potential impact of dietary changes on the triple challenge facing food systems : Three stylised scenarios (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.173
    Schlagwort(e): Ernährungssicherung ; Ernährung ; Ernährungspolitik ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Kurzfassung: A shift towards healthier diets is expected to address the challenge of providing food security and nutrition for a growing global population. This report explores whether such a shift would also have positive effects on the other two challenges food systems face: supporting livelihoods for those working along the food supply chain and contributing to environmental sustainability. The report finds that aligning diets with World Health Organisation guidelines on sugar and fat consumption would have the expected positive effect on nutrition and food security, and would also positively affect environmental sustainability. The effect on livelihoods along the food value chain, however, would overall be negative. The magnitude of the trade-offs and synergies are greater when fat consumption is reduced, as opposed to sugar consumption, because actual consumption levels of fat are further away from WHO recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/d7a18023-en
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  • 65
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    The Short and Winding Road to 2030 : Measuring Distance to the SDG Targets (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264655478 , 9789264691902 , 9789264803343
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (262 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Un chemin court et sinueux jusqu’à 2030 (version abrégée) : Mesurer la distance à parcourir pour atteindre les cibles des ODD
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainable Development Goals ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has an unprecedented ambition, but also confronts countries with an enormous challenge given the complex and integrated nature of the Agenda with its 17 Goals, underpinned by 169 Targets. To assist national governments with their implementation, the OECD has developed a unique methodology allowing comparison of progress across SDG goals and targets, and also over time. Based on the Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and leveraging UN and OECD data, this report provides a high-level assessment of OECD Member countries’ performance across the Goals and Targets of the 2030 Agenda. The report evaluates the distance that OECD countries need to travel to meet SDG targets for which data is currently available, but it goes one step further and deepens the analysis by identifying long-term trends, considering also how these trends may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. By providing a high-level overview of countries’ strengths and weaknesses in performance across the SDGs, it aims to support Member countries in navigating the SDGs and in setting their own priorities for action within the broad 2030 Agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/af4b630d-en
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  • 66
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    Un chemin court et sinueux jusqu’à 2030 (version abrégée) : Mesurer la distance à parcourir pour atteindre les cibles des ODD (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264488458 , 9789264719286 , 9789264483729
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Short and Winding Road to 2030: Measuring Distance to the SDG Targets
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Le Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030 se caractérise par un degré d’ambition sans précédent, mais il représente aussi un formidable défi pour les pays du fait de la complexité et de l’imbrication de ses 17 objectifs et 169 cibles. Afin d’aider les gouvernements nationaux à le mettre en œuvre, l’OCDE a mis au point une méthode unique permettant de comparer les progrès accomplis ainsi que les dynamiques sous-jacentes pour l’ensemble des objectifs et cibles du Programme de Développement Durable. Sur la base du Cadre mondial d’indicateurs relatifs aux Objectifs de Développement Durable et de données provenant des Nations Unies et de l’OCDE, le présent rapport propose un bilan détaillé des résultats obtenus par les pays membres de l’OCDE. Pour l’ensemble des cibles pour lesquelles des données existent, ce rapport évalue la distance que les pays de l’OCDE ont à parcourir afin d’atteindre les Objectifs de Développement Durable mais il va plus loin et approfondit l’analyse en mettant en évidence les tendances de fond ainsi que l’impact potentiel de la pandémie de COVID-19. En faisant le point sur les forces et les faiblesses des pays par rapport aux différents ODD, ce rapport vise à aider les pays Membres à avancer au mieux vers la réalisation de ces objectifs et à identifier leurs propres priorités d’action.
    DOI: 10.1787/2fa2183f-fr
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  • 67
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    The impacts and policy implications of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine on agricultural markets (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Effets de l’agression russe contre l’Ukraine sur les marchés agricoles et conséquences pour l’action publique
    Schlagwort(e): Kriegsfolgen ; Agrarmarkt ; Agraraußenhandel ; Ernährungssicherung ; Lebensmittelpreis ; Russland ; Ukraine ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Russia’s aggression against Ukraine has been since February 2022 undermining the latter’s capacity to harvest and export crops. A reduction in export capacity from Ukraine and Russia, and rising energy and fertiliser prices are pushing up international food prices, thereby threatening global food security. Findings presented in this brief suggest that the full loss of Ukraine’s capacity to export together with a 50% reduction in Russian wheat export could lead to a 34% increase in international wheat prices in the marketing year 2022/23.
    DOI: 10.1787/0030a4cd-en
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  • 68
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    Meat protein alternatives : Opportunities and challenges for food systems’ transformation (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.182
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Meat alternatives are attracting private investment and interest from the research community as possible solutions to meet the growing global demand for proteins in a sustainable, ethical, and healthy way. Using a food systems lens, this report investigates the opportunities and challenges associated with three meat alternatives: plant-based, insects and cultured meat. The analysis is based primarily on a literature review, which is complemented by an illustrative scenario using the OECD-FAO Aglink-Cosimo model. Results from the scenario analysis suggest that a shift from meat to meat alternatives in high and upper middle-income countries could result in a decline in global agricultural land use and GHG emissions from the agriculture, forestry, and other land use sector. Lower demand for meats in these countries would also lead to a decrease in international prices for meats, soybean and cereals, which would benefit consumers but place pressure on farmer incomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/387d30cf-en
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  • 69
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    From recovery to resilience: Designing a sustainable future for Fukushima (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Papers no.37
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Nuclear Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: Ten years ago, a devastating earthquake, tsunamis and nuclear accident in Japan took thousands of lives and affected millions of people. This unprecedented disaster generated numerous lessons for policymakers in Japan and around the world on how to prepare, respond to and recover from shocks, and build resilient communities, regions and societies. The 30 to 40 year process of decommissioning Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station offers the impetus and a rare window of opportunity to cultivate long-term, sustainable growth and resilience in the region and beyond. This Policy Brief presents the outcomes of the OECD-Japan Policy Dialogue on Developing Decommissioning Industry Clusters in Fukushima, conducted in 2019–20. It discusses the opportunities and challenges related to the decommissioning, and the policy options for sustainable recovery and development in the region. It also presents experiences and lessons relevant to Fukushima from other OECD regions and cities. While the brief is designed for local readers (e.g. policy makers, the private sector, academia, civil society), it also aims to raise the global profile of Fukushima’s ongoing reconstruction and recovery efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/e40cbab1-en
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  • 70
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    Leeks (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264368705
    Sprache: Mehrsprachig
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 18 x 25cm.
    Serie: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Leeks
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the Leeks Standard. This brochure illustrates the standard text and demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus, it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade of leeks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9dd96672-en-de
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  • 71
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    Italy's National Action Plan for Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264633445 , 9789264890602 , 9789264677487
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (43 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Politik ; Italien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Environment ; Governance ; Italy ; Amtliche Publikation
    Kurzfassung: Italy's National Action Plan for Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development (PCSD) brings together the institutional mechanisms, evaluation frameworks and coherence tools needed to integrate sustainable development into government policy making. This Action Plan shows how to streamline existing mechanisms to improve policy coherence across levels of government and to involve civil society more closely in policy formulation. It also suggests how to make the most of complementarities across existing data collection efforts. The Action Plan includes suggestions for better linking mandates across departments and levels of government to avoid overlap and make greater progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Finally, it provides targets and measurable processes for each action to help track progress.
    DOI: 10.1787/54226722-en
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  • 72
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    International effects of fisheries support policies (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.188
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines how fisheries policies affect domestic versus foreign fishing efforts. In line with previous work, the paper finds that policies directly affecting fishing costs (e.g. fuel or input subsidies) are more likely to lead to overfishing than those based on income or fixed assets such as vessels. This new work, based on a disaggregated global model where regional fishers operate interdependently, shows that fuel tax concessions (FTCs) tend to encourage more fishing effort in domestic fisheries and less in foreign ones because the fisher must take on fuel at a domestic port to take advantage of the policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/984b0ce6-en
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  • 73
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    Aligning agricultural and rural development policies in the context of structural change (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.187
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: The economic importance and level of employment in agriculture are declining in many rural regions. There are many reasons for this, including demographic changes, deeper urban-rural linkages, technological advances, growing urbanisation, and land use change. To successfully accompany this structural change, agricultural and rural development policies must be coherent. This requires an improved understanding of areas of complementarity and trade-offs between these policies to ensure better integration and to avoid overlaps. Areas of complementarity include rural policies with transferable benefits for agriculture, such as investments in rural infrastructure, digital connectivity, health care, and other public services. With respect to agricultural policies, these complementarities exist with policies that have wider rural benefits, such as investments in agricultural innovation systems, improvements in extension services, and land and water management policies. As the transition towards a diversified low carbon rural economy continues, additional synergies could be developed between agriculture and rural policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/1499398c-en
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  • 74
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    Environmental impacts along food supply chains : Methods, findings, and evidence Gaps (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.185
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Food systems exert major pressures on the environment. This paper reviews what is known and not known about environmental impacts along food supply chains, looking at the contribution of different stages of the supply chain, the impact of different products, heterogeneity among producers, and the role of international trade. This review shows that most environmental impacts in food supply chains occur through land use change or at the stage of agricultural production. Livestock (especially ruminant livestock) has a higher footprint than plant-based food. However, there is also important heterogeneity among producers, even within the same region. A significant share of total environmental impacts is "embodied" in international trade, although considerably less than half. In terms of evidence gaps, some impacts (e.g. biodiversity, soil carbon) have been less studied, and there are geographic and product blind spots. Moreover, existing evidence is not sufficiently granular. While important evidence gaps thus exist, the overall picture that emerges is one of a rapidly growing evidence base, which can inform innovative supply chain initiatives to reduce impacts.
    DOI: 10.1787/48232173-en
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  • 75
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    Improving environmental outcomes along food supply chains : A review of initiatives and their effectiveness (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.186
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviews initiatives which take a “supply chain lens” to improving environmental outcomes of food systems. Some focus on due diligence, or ask firms to disclose impacts of their supply chain. Others benchmark firms according to supply chain performance. Firms also increasingly make corporate pledges covering their supply chain. In addition to traditional voluntary sustainability standards and labels, new labels are emerging which communicate actual environmental impacts along the life cycle. Governments can also provide financial incentives linked to such impacts. This review demonstrates the strong growth and diversity of initiatives, bolstered by more clearly defined societal expectations and reporting standards, and leading to a greater availability of data and evidence and more universal reporting, reducing the scope for greenwashing. Despite their great promise, there remain coverage gaps. Evidence on effectiveness also remains relatively scarce, although there is a clear increase in the number of empirical studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/d549eb43-en
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  • 76
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    Rural Policy Review of Colombia 2022 (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264967205 , 9789264348592 , 9789264828490
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (277 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Rural Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Kolumbien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Colombia
    Kurzfassung: Rural regions in Colombia have untapped potential to boost wealth and well-being in the country. Despite remarkable economic growth over the last two decades, Colombia’s development policy needs to increase its focus on rurality, as regional inequalities remain high by OECD standards and structural challenges still prevent greater development in rural places. This report assesses trends, challenges and opportunities of rural Colombia and examines the country’s rural development policy. It offers recommendations to mobilise rural assets and improve rural well-being with a focus on: strengthening multi-government coordination and policy implementation; enhancing transport and broadband connectivity as well as accessibility to quality education and health and; improving land use management in rural Colombia.
    DOI: 10.1787/c26abeb4-en
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  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Guia OCDE-FAO para Cadeias de Fornecimento Responsáveis no setor agrícola (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264420755
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guide OCDE-FAO pour des filières agricoles responsables
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Руководство ОЭСР-ФАО по ответственным производственно-сбытовым цепочкам в сфере сельского хозяйства
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guía OCDE-FAO para las cadenas de suministro responsable en el sector agrícola
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD/FAO-Leitfaden für verantwortungsvolle landwirtschaftliche Lieferketten
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe توجيهات منظمة التعاون والتنمية في الميدان الاقتصادي ومنظمة الأغذية والزراعة بشأن سلاسل الإمدادات الزراعية المسؤولة
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: A OCDE e a FAO desenvolveram este Guia para ajudar as empresas a cumprir normas sobre conduta empresarial responsável e realizar a devida diligência nas cadeias de fornecimento do setor agrícola, de forma a garantir que suas operações contribuam para o desenvolvimento sustentável. O Guia inclui: • Um modelo de política empresarial que descreve as normas que devem ser observadas pelas empresas na construção de cadeias de fornecimento responsáveis no setor agrícola; • Um processo para realizar a devida diligência baseada em riscos, que descreve os cincos passos que devem ser tomados pelas empresas para identificar, prevenir, mitigar e prestar contas de como lidam com os impactos adversos de suas atividades; • Uma descrição dos maiores riscos enfrentados pelas empresas e das medidas para mitigar esses riscos; • Um guia de engajamento com povos indígenas.
    DOI: 10.1787/fb446fdc-pt
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Un chemin court et sinueux jusqu'à 2030 : Mesurer la distance à parcourir pour atteindre les cibles des ODD (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Les synthèses de l’OCDE sur le bien-être, l’inclusion et l’égalité des chances no.5
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The short and winding road to 2030: Measuring distance to the SDG targets
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: L'Agenda 2030 pour le développement durable est un ensemble d'objectifs et de cibles qui visent à transformer notre monde dans le sens de la durabilité. Alors qu'il reste moins d'une décennie pour atteindre ces objectifs, la zone OCDE dans son ensemble n'a atteint ou n'est sur le point d'atteindre qu'un quart des objectifs. Cette synthèse explore les principales conclusions de notre rapport Un chemin court et sinueux jusqu’à 2030 : Mesurer la distance à parcourir pour atteindre les cibles des ODD qui examine la lenteur des progrès réalisés par les pays de l'OCDE pour atteindre de nombreuses cibles des ODD et souligne la nécessité d'actions politiques fortes pour réaliser l'ensemble de l'Agenda 2030. Favoriser l'inclusion, inverser la baisse à long terme de la confiance des citoyens dans les institutions et répondre aux pressions environnementales croissantes sont quelques-uns des domaines clés sur lesquels les pays de l'OCDE doivent se concentrer pour progresser davantage.
    DOI: 10.1787/71f2e2c0-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The short and winding road to 2030 : Measuring distance to the SDG targets (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.5
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Un chemin court et sinueux jusqu'à 2030 : Mesurer la distance à parcourir pour atteindre les cibles des ODD
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a set of goals and targets that aim to transform our world towards sustainability. With less than a decade left to achieve these targets, the OECD area as a whole has met or is close to meeting only one quarter of the targets. This Policy Insights explores the key findings from our report The Short and Winding Road to 2030: Measuring Distance to the SDG Targets which discusses the slow progress made by OECD countries towards achieving many SDG targets and highlights the need for strong policy actions to fulfill the entire 2030 Agenda. Fostering inclusion, reversing the long-term decrease in people's trust in institutions, and addressing rising environmental pressures are some of the key areas where OECD countries need to focus to make further progress.
    DOI: 10.1787/3326f232-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Jing he zu zhi Liang nong zu zhi 2022-2031 nian nong ye zhan wang (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Titel: 经合组织-粮农组织2022–2031年农业展望
    ISBN: 9789264903319
    Sprache: Chinesisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (237 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives agricoles de l’OCDE et de la FAO 2022-2031
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2022-2031
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OCDE‑FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas 2022‑2031
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    DOI: 10.1787/d85fb335-zh
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Roshia no Ukuraina shinkō ga nōsanbutsu ichiba ni ataeru eikyō to seisakuteki imi (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Titel: ロシアのウクライナ侵攻が農産物市場に与える影響と政策的意味
    Sprache: Japanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Effets de l’agression russe contre l’Ukraine sur les marchés agricoles et conséquences pour l’action publique
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The impacts and policy implications of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine on agricultural markets
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    DOI: 10.1787/5ef7bd47-ja
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Making better policies for food systems (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264752627 , 9789264967830 , 9789264693623
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 282 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Schlagwort(e): Ernährungspolitik ; Agrarpolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Ernährung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Food systems around the world face a triple challenge: providing food security and nutrition for a growing global population; supporting livelihoods for those working along the food supply chain; and contributing to environmental sustainability. Better policies hold tremendous promise for making progress in these domains. This report focuses on three questions. What has been the performance of food systems to date, and what role did policies play? How can policy makers design coherent policies across the triple challenge? And how can policy makers deal with frictions related to facts, interests, and values, which often complicate the task of achieving better policies? Better policies will require breaking down silos between agriculture, health, and environmental policies, and overcoming knowledge gaps, resistance from interest groups, and differing values. Robust, inclusive, evidence-based processes are thus essential to making better policies for food systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/ddfba4de-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Policies for the future of farming and food in Norway (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264517752 , 9789264726819 , 9789264706958
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 239 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD agriculture and food policy reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Agrarpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Norwegen ; Agriculture and Food ; Norway ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Norway is performing unevenly across its four agricultural policy objectives. While Norway enjoys a high level of food security and is meeting its aim of maintaining agricultural production across the country, both environmental performance and the efficient creation of value added along the food chain are compromised by support policies linked to production levels. Support to producers relative to gross farm receipts is the highest among OECD countries, with 59% of farmers’ revenues coming from government support. Only 3% of total support to agriculture is dedicated to research and innovation. Moreover, while Norway has strong public research institutions and well-designed tax deductions, the private sector lacks the right policy incentives to innovate. This review proposes a new policy approach, centred around innovations that would enable Norway to achieve its objectives and improve the productivity, sustainability and resilience of its agro-food sector. Specific recommendations include increasing the responsiveness of the sector to markets, giving farmers greater flexibility in making production decisions, placing greater emphasis on agri-environmental outcomes, and increasing the role of the private sector in research and innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/20b14991-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Apples : = Pommes (2021)
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264588431
    Sprache: Englisch , Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (104 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International standards for fruit and vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current apples standard. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in apples. This brochure is available in electronic format only.
    Anmerkung: Text englisch und französisch
    DOI: 10.1787/12ebba9f-en-fr
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/apples_12ebba9f-en-fr
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Strawberries : = Fraises = Fresas (2021)
    Paris, France : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264798052
    Sprache: Englisch , Französisch , Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (93 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International standards for fruit and vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current standard for strawberries. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in strawberries. This brochure is trilingual (English, French, Spanish) and available in electronic format only.
    Anmerkung: Text englisch, französisch und spanisch
    DOI: 10.1787/125692ec-en-fr-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/plums_dda2dfce-en-fr
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Beans : = Haricots (2021)
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264860001
    Sprache: Englisch , Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (62 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International standards for fruit and vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current beans standard. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in beans. This brochure is available in electronic format only.
    Anmerkung: Text englisch und französisch
    DOI: 10.1787/0bc40eec-en-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/beans_0bc40eec-en-fr
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Pears : = Poires (2021)
    Paris, France : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264366602
    Sprache: Englisch , Französisch , Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (89 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International standards for fruit and vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current pears standard. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in pears. This brochure is available in electronic format only.
    Anmerkung: Text englisch und französisch
    DOI: 10.1787/87244e04-en-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/pears_87244e04-en-fr
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  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Toolkit for water policies and governance : converging towards the OECD Council Recommendation on Water (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264876484 , 9789264371026 , 9789264417663
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 135 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Schlagwort(e): Wasserpolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The Toolkit for Water Policies and Governance compiles policies, governance arrangements and related tools that facilitate the design and implementation of water management practices in line with the OECD Council Recommendation on Water. It is designed to inspire and support countries which have either adhered to, are considering adhering to, or aim to converge towards the OECD standard. The Recommendation was unanimously adopted by the OECD Council in December 2016. The adoption marked the outcome of a two-year consultation process with delegates from ministries active in the fields of agriculture, development assistance, environment, public governance, regional development, and regulatory policy, as well as with relevant stakeholders (the business sector, trade unions, environmental organisations) and the OECD Water Governance Initiative. The Recommendation puts forward an international standard with high-level policy guidance on a range of topics relevant for the management of water resources and delivery of water services. The areas covered include managing water quantity, water risks and disasters, improving water quality, ensuring good water governance as well as sustainable finance, investment and pricing for water services. The practices reported in the toolkit have been compiled by the OECD Secretariat, in close consultation with delegates from adhering countries. Regular updates will be made available.
    DOI: 10.1787/ed1a7936-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Digital opportunities for Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Systems and the trade facilitation effects of SPS Electronic Certification (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.)
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.152
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Countries are increasingly using digital technologies within their Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) systems and the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are accelerating this evolution. While countries are increasing their use of digital tools, digital technologies still have significant potential to create efficiencies in SPS systems and enhance agro-food trade. Quantitative analysis using structural gravity model estimates show that digital technologies such as SPS electronic certificates have positive effects on trade volumes, notably for plant-based, vegetables and processed food products. Despite these gains, significant challenges remain in expanding the use of digital technologies in agro-food trade, including mixed capacities to adopt these technologies. Successful expansion of the use of digital technologies requires careful planning and long-term investments, as well as sharing expertise and building trust in these tools. Targeted financial assistance and capacity building can provide support to countries currently lacking the capabilities to adopt these tools.
    DOI: 10.1787/cbb7d0f6-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    COVID-19 and multilateral fisheries management (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.)
    Serie: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Schlagwort(e): Coronavirus ; Fischerei ; Fischereipolitik ; Fischereiressourcen ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: The management of multilateral fish stocks is suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has disrupted the operations of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs), which have jurisdiction over fish stocks that either straddle the exclusive economic zones of several countries or are predominantly in the high seas. This is largely because of reduced monitoring, control and surveillance capacity due to limitations imposed on the operations of observer and surveillance programmes and the challenges of decision making in virtual meetings. A survey undertaken in July 2020, to which 13 RFMOs and nine OECD members responded, reveals that: i) over two-thirds of RFMOs have reduced in-person and on-board observation of vessels, increasing the opportunity for unscrupulous operators to engage in illegal, unreported or unregulated (IUU) fishing; and ii) almost all (92.3%) RFMOs surveyed have experienced disruption to their regular scheduled meetings and 84.6% reported disturbance to regular decision making. Nonetheless, on a positive note, the COVID-19 pandemic may spur the uptake of new technologies for virtual meetings and the monitoring of fishing activities.
    DOI: 10.1787/cc1214fe-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    توجيهات منظمة التعاون والتنمية في الميدان الاقتصادي ومنظمة الأغذية والزراعة بشأن سلاسل الإمدادات الزراعية المسؤولة (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264595163
    Sprache: Arabisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guide OCDE-FAO pour des filières agricoles responsables
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Руководство ОЭСР-ФАО по ответственным производственно-сбытовым цепочкам в сфере сельского хозяйства
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guía OCDE-FAO para las cadenas de suministro responsable en el sector agrícola
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD/FAO-Leitfaden für verantwortungsvolle landwirtschaftliche Lieferketten
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: أعدّت منظمة التعاون والتنمية في الميدان الاقتصادي ومنظمة الأغذية والزراعة هذه التوجيهات لمساعدة الشركات على الوفاء بمعايير السلوك الرشيد في الأعمال التجارية وتوخي العناية الواجبة على طول سلسلة الإمدادات الزراعية لضمان مساهمة عملياتها في التنمية المستدامة. وتشمل التوجيهات ما يلي: سياسة نموذجية للشركات تتضمن المواصفات التي يجدر بالشركات التقيد بها من أجل إرساء سلاسل إمداد مسؤولة للمنتجات الزراعية؛ وإطار للعناية الواجبة المستندة إلى المخاطر يتضمن وصفًا للخطوات الخمس التي يجب أن تتبعها الشركات لتحديد التأثيرات السلبية لأنشطتها وتقييمها والتخفيف من وطأتها والبحث في سبل معالجتها؛ ووصف المخاطر الرئيسية التي تواجهها الشركات والتدابير الرامية إلى التخفيف من وطأتها؛ وتوجيهات للتعاون مع الشعوب الأصلية.
    DOI: 10.1787/4456d3f6-ar
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Measuring progress in agricultural water management : Challenges and practical options (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.)
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.162
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Measuring policy progress on agriculture and water policies is essential to help decision makers identify necessary policy changes and understand how further progress may be achieved to improve agricultural water management. A thorough review of existing evaluations of agriculture and water policies suggests three types of progress to be measured: policy design, policy implementation capacity and policy results. The quality and robustness of these measures of policy progress depends upon three main factors. First, assessment of policy design requires matching policy alignment with cross cutting objectives or with a reference text. Second, assessment of progress in implementation capacity requires gauging evolution towards predefined capacity needs or identified governance gaps. Third, evaluation of policy results requires clearly defined objectives, timelines and scales for assessments. Seven practical options are identified for applying these principles to agriculture and water policies, illustrated by applying them to assessing progress in the sustainable management of water for irrigation under climate change and in controlling diffuse nutrient pollution.
    DOI: 10.1787/52b4db7e-en
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  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Design principles for agricultural risk management policies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.157
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Government support for agricultural risk management tools has grown substantially over the past two decades. While these tools can play a role in strengthening farm-level resilience by helping farmers to cope with the financial impact of adverse events, they also modify farmers’ incentives to invest in risk-reducing measures and market tools. Policy design is critical to maximise effectiveness while minimising unintended consequences. This report reviews the accumulated experience on four types of publicly-supported agricultural risk management tools (ex post disaster aid, agricultural insurance, income stabilisation schemes and tax and savings measures). It suggests some basic principles on how countries can improve the design of their agricultural risk management policies, using a holistic approach and focusing on market failures. The report also highlights the need for more transparency on basic programme data, and for periodic public evaluation of existing programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/1048819f-en
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  • 94
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Biodiversity, natural capital and the economy : A policy guide for finance, economic and environment ministers (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.)
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.26
    Schlagwort(e): Artenvielfalt ; Naturschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Finanzpolitik ; G7-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: Nature underpins all economic activities and human well-being. It is the world’s most important asset. Yet humanity is destroying biodiversity at an unprecedented rate, posing significant but often overlooked risks to the economy, the financial sector and the well-being of current and future generations. This report provides the latest findings and policy guidance for G7 and other countries in four key areas: measuring and mainstreaming biodiversity; aligning budgetary and fiscal policy with biodiversity; embedding biodiversity in the financial sector; and improving biodiversity outcomes linked to international trade. The report shows how Finance, Economic and Environment Ministries can drive the transformative changes required to halt and reverse the loss of biodiversity. This Policy Paper was prepared as an input document for the United Kingdom Presidency of the G7 in 2021.
    DOI: 10.1787/1a1ae114-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Developing a Water Policy Outlook for Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264826649 , 9789264359178 , 9789264905184
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Studies on Water
    Schlagwort(e): Wasserpolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Georgien ; Moldawien ; Ukraine ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Georgia ; Moldova, Republic of ; Ukraine
    Kurzfassung: The OECD has been working on water policy reform in the countries of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia for over 20 years. Three of the countries within the region, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine have signed Association Agreements with the European Union. These agreements provide a framework for deeper political ties and stronger economic links with the EU and include commitments for approximation towards EU legislation including the Water Framework Directive. Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine have ambitious long-term strategic plans for their water sectors, which include fulfilment of requirements under the Association Agreements and international commitments including the Sustainable Development Goals. The water policy outlooks baseline the country policy framework and current performance and then define the long-term vision and aspirations to 2030. The outlooks aim to demonstrate the likelihood of the current policy framework to achieve the long-term objectives and desired future state of the water sector, and include identification of opportunities for improving policy coherence and policies that have the opportunity to improve the likelihood of success.
    DOI: 10.1787/512a52aa-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Understanding the Spillovers and Transboundary Impacts of Public Policies : Implementing the 2030 Agenda for More Resilient Societies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264765504
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Politik ; Spillover-Effekt ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Development ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: The multidimensional and intergenerational nature of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) calls for integrated policies. Progress made in a particular social, economic or environmental area or individual goal may generate synergies and trade-offs across dimensions (spillover effects), and steps taken in one country could have positive or negative impacts beyond national borders (transboundary effects). Assessing the multidimensional and cross-border effects of policies has become even more urgent in the context of COVID-19 containment measures. However, there are gaps in governance and analytical tools for identifying and managing spillover and transboundary effects, posing challenges for governments in designing and implementing sustainability strategies. This book, a collaborative effort by the OECD and the European Commission-Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC) presents a set of new governance and analytical tools, lessons learned from country experiences, and good emerging practices for managing spillover and transboundary effects in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/862c0db7-en
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Building the resilience of Turkey’s agricultural sector to droughts (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.167
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Turkey
    Kurzfassung: Turkey is exposed to multiple natural hazard-induced disasters (NHID) and has considerable experience in managing the associated risks. Drought, in particular, has had significant impacts on the country’s agricultural sector, and the frequency of droughts is expected to increase due to climate change. Existing governance and policy frameworks seek to ensure that the agricultural sector is prepared for, and able to respond to, adverse events as they occur. While these mechanisms contribute to improved resilience, further opportunities exist to strengthen policy processes, in particular by increasing farmer and private sector participation.
    DOI: 10.1787/75430b86-en
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Sviluppare la resilienza alla siccità del settore agricolo italiano (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Italienisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Building the resilience of Italy’s agricultural sector to drought
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Italy
    Kurzfassung: Episodi di siccità sempre più frequenti e gravi minacciano il settore agricolo italiano. Si prevede che il cambiamento climatico accelererà questa tendenza, pertanto il settore deve sviluppare una resilienza nel lungo periodo. A questo fine, saranno necessarie una pianificazione e una preparazione migliore per assorbire l’impatto degli episodi di siccità e per la successiva ripresa, nonché una maggior efficacia in termini di adattamento e trasformazione a fronte di tali eventi. I recenti sviluppi positivi nel paese includono una migliore raccolta dei dati sull’approvvigionamento idrico e sui danni e le perdite subiti dall’agricoltura a causa di rischi naturali, i quali consentono maggiore consapevolezza nella gestione delle risorse idriche e nelle decisioni di investimento; un maggiore impegno verso politiche di prevenzione per la gestione dei rischi; e approcci più partecipativi alla gestione delle risorse idriche. Tuttavia il portafoglio delle politiche agricole al momento sottovaluta gli investimenti per la preparazione ad affrontare le emergenze e per l’adattamento a livello di azienda agricola, prediligendo strumenti che sono mirati ad assorbire gli impatti, come gli strumenti assicurativi. Ulteriori sforzi per sviluppare la resilienza del settore agricolo potrebbero trarre vantaggio da una strategia olistica di gestione dei rischi settoriali nel lungo periodo; una valutazione del bilanciamento tra le spese relative agli strumenti per l’assorbimento degli impatti, e gli investimenti per la misure volte a alla preparazione per la gestione delle catastrofi naturali e alla mitigazione degli impatti; e una considerazione più esplicita della demografia e delle capacità degli agricoltori nell’elaborazione delle politiche.
    DOI: 10.1787/279fefe0-it
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A global analysis of the cost-efficiency of forest carbon sequestration (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.185
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: This paper proposes a ranking of the countries where forest carbon sequestration is the most cost-efficient among 166 countries for which data are available. Taking into account the main cost factors leads to a more nuanced ranking of the countries to be favoured for cost-efficient forest carbon sequestration compared to the assumption that these would always be in tropical areas with high rainfall. The ranking reflects the differences in the opportunity cost of land use and labour cost (production costs), the quality of the business environment (transaction costs), natural conditions (forest productivity), wildfire risk and the avoided GHG emissions from alternative land use. Cost-efficiency also depends on the type of forest project (afforestation, reforestation or forest conservation) and how private (wood harvest) and non-private (environmental and social) co-benefits are counted. A sensitivity analysis is undertaken to examine the robustness of the results with respect to uncertainties in values of the cost and quantity factors of forest carbon sequestration. The results support the view that forests can be a cost-efficient way to offset GHG emissions and that significant cost reductions are possible by targeting the country and sub-national regions in which to locate forest carbon sequestration projects. The report also reviews the literature on the significance and cost of forest carbon sequestration and provides an overview of forest carbon offset schemes.
    DOI: 10.1787/e4d45973-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Socio-economic and demographic aspects of food security and nutrition (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 150
    Schlagwort(e): Ernährungssicherung ; Ernährungsverhalten ; Soziale Schicht ; Körpergewicht ; Indigene Völker ; Coronavirus ; Obesity ; COVID-19 ; Indigenous Peoples ; food banks ; food marketing ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In OECD countries, socio-economically disadvantaged groups tend to consume less nutritious food, leading to suboptimal health outcomes, including obesity. Contributing factors include low levels of income and education; time-poor single parent households; and the prevalence and accessibility of fast food restaurants. More broadly, food insecurity also remains a problem in OECD countries, with Indigenous Peoples being particularly vulnerable. Foodbanks run by non-governmental organisations provide emergency food assistance, sometimes using food recovered as part of food waste policies; however, the sustainability of this approach is contested. Understanding the role that socio-economic and demographic factors play in determining household food purchases and consumption is limited by inadequate and irregular food data collection, including on the prevalence of food insecurity. Lack of data is also hampering evaluation of the effectiveness of policies in addressing the needs of particular socio-economic and demographic groups.
    DOI: 10.1787/49d7059f-en
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