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  • 2000-2004  (75)
  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1935-1939
  • OECD  (79)
  • Agriculture and Food  (79)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264055841
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (277 p)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This study provides a review of the food and agricultural sector in Ukraine. It assesses the current status of the food and agricultural sector with special reference to the agricultural policy regime and the form and level of government support to the sector. The paper reviews the sector’s readiness to compete on open global markets for food and agricultural products. Given the importance and sensitivity of the food and agriculture sector in the country, the report highlights a number of critical issues for the Ukrainian government to address. The report goes beyond the narrower focus of the agricultural policies and reviews the status of current rural physical and social infrastructure and issues of rural poverty. The Executive Summary highlights policy recommendations for Ukrainian policymakers, while the individual chapters provide technical analysis on key policy issues.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This book gathers the proceedings of an OECD Workshop that took place in April 2004 in Paris, on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing -- a worldwide problem which is increasing in scale. The aim of the workshop was to better understand the social and economic factors that drive IUU fishing in order to identify more effective methods to combat this evil and propose new ways to deal with it.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015906
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Series Statement: Agriculture, Trade and the Environment
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur laitier
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Milchwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Agrarhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Treibhauseffekt
    Abstract: This OECD study takes an in-depth look at the dairy sector in OECD countries in order to see how agricultural subsidies and environmental policies are impacting the environment and international competitiveness of dairy products.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015913
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Series Statement: Agriculture, échanges et environnement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Dairy Sector
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Milchwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Agrarhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Treibhauseffekt
    Abstract: Grâce à un regard approfondi sur le secteur laitier dans les pays de l'OCDE, cette étude permet de mieux analyser l'impact des subventions à l'agriculture et des politiques de l'environnement sur l'environnement et sur la compétitivité internationale des produits laitiers.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264019805
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This book provides comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of the standard in force for grading avocados in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by the OECD in 1962. It is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or those interested in international trade of avocados.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108783
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: Biological Resource Management in Agriculture
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 631.5
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book discusses the often diverging risks and opportunities associated with genetically engineered organisms in terms of the environment, food safety, and economics and trade. These issues were raised at the OECD Workshop on Challenges and Risks of GMOs - What Risk Analysis is Appropriate? Options for Future Policy Making Towards Integrated Agro-Food Systems, held in Maastricht, Netherlands, in July 2003. Discussions also covered the relevant WTO Agreements and their relationship with other multilateral accords as well as regional and national approaches.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108721
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 378.98
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Argentina ; Brazil ; Chile
    Abstract: This book focuses on the role of exchange rate regimes, market imperfections and trade policy to support the strengthening and diversification of the tradable sector in Argentina, Brazil and Chile. Moreover, it analyses the agro-food sector, one of the pillars of the tradable sector in the region, and the role of foreign direct investment and competition policy. Overall it provides an integrated and original policy perspective on the factors underlying international competitiveness.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015296
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392 p)
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 332.7
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In October 2003, the OECD, together with the Chinese Government, invited industry experts to take stock of the achievements China has made in agricultural finance and credit infrastructure, and discuss future challenges in this area. Chinese policy makers and experts, representatives from the World Bank, FAO, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Asian Development Bank and PlaNet Finance came together to share their views and experience. This report outlines the main issues discussed, and considers the role that the Chinese government should play within the reform process, now and in the future.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (568 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 630
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: These are the proceedings of the OECD Workshop on Biomass and Agriculture held in June 2003. The Workshop covered two broad themes: the contribution of agricultural biomass to sustainability; and the policy approaches for developing agricultural biomass. The book proposes a wealth of material relating to agricultural biomass, bio energy and biomaterials in OECD countries. It is hoped that this will contribute to the current and future debate on agricultural biomass, particularly in the context of agricultural policy reform and the advancement of policies for sustainable development.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264099722
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (560 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Biological Resource Management in Agriculture
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 631.4
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Interest in the quality and health of soil has grown with the recognition that soil is vital not only to production of food and fibre, but also to the smooth functioning of the ecosystem, and overall environmental stability. Strategies for sustainable management include conserving essential soil components, minimising erosion, balancing production with environmental needs, and making better use of renewable resources.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264199873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La libéralisation du secteur de la pêche ; Sa portée et ses effets
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication reviews the significant changes that have taken place in the world fisheries sector and provides an in-depth analysis of the prospects for and potential effects of further market liberalisation in the sector. It also contains an inventory of market measures and policies in place in OECD countries. A principal outcome of the study is that there is room for further market liberalisation in the trade in fish and fish products.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264099685
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Farm Household Income; Issues and Policy Responses
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Farm Household Income: Issues and Policy Responses
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Landwirtschaftliches Einkommen ; Agrarpolitik ; Transferzahlung ; Effizienz
    Abstract: Dans la plupart des pays de l'OCDE, les revenus des ménages agricoles figurent en bonne place parmi les préoccupations diverses et croissantes qui motiveraient les interventions publiques dans ce domaine. La première partie de ce rapport présente un panorama de la situation des ménages agricoles en matière de revenu et examine l'influence que les politiques agricoles, fiscales et sociales ont sur elle. La seconde partie s'intéresse plus particulièrement à l'efficacité avec laquelle certaines des interventions publiques les plus courantes parviennent à accroître le niveau de revenu des ménages agricoles.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264105430
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Impact of Regulations on Agro-Food Trade; The Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Agreements
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Impact of Regulations on Agro-Food Trade: The Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Agreements
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Agrarhandel ; Handelspolitik ; Protektionismus ; Lebensmittelqualität ; Sicherheit
    Abstract: Cette étude examine les problématiques actuelles et les méthodes pour mesurer l’impact sur les échanges des mesures techniques, notamment concernant la sécurité des aliments. Elle aborde la question des effets sur les échanges de la résolution des points de dissension concernant la sécurité des aliments.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264105423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'impact des réglementations sur le commerce de produits agroalimentaires ; Les accords sur les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC) et l'application des mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires (SPS)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'impact des réglementations sur le commerce de produits agroalimentaires : Les accords sur les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC) et l'application des mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires (SPS)
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    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Agrarhandel ; Welthandel ; Außenhandelspolitik ; Lebensmittelhandel ; Welthandel ; Handelshemmnis
    Abstract: Agricultural trade disputes over issues such as beef hormones and genetically modified organisms have received wide public attention and illustrated the trade-off between domestic and international policy objectives. This report examines pertinent issues at the interface between domestic policy objectives, technical regulations and agricultural trade. It also discusses approaches to measuring the trade impacts of food safety and other technical measures, and presents empirical evidence concerning the trade effects of resolving controversial food safety issues.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104785
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Series Statement: Agriculture, échanges et environnement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Pig Sector
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Agrarpolitik ; Schweinezucht ; Umweltbelastung ; Biodiversität ; Schweinefleischproduktion ; Schweinefleischmarkt ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: Cette étude soumet le secteur porcin des pays de l’OCDE à un examen approfondi et tire quelques conclusions sur les formes d’intervention les plus appropriées. Elle affirme que la libéralisation des échanges est susceptible de générer certains avantages environnementaux.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264105393
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Foodborne Disease in OECD Countries; Present State and Economic Costs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Foodborne Disease in OECD Countries: Present State and Economic Costs
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Lebensmittelinfektion ; Pathogener Mikroorganismus ; Soziale Kosten
    Abstract: Bien que la situation se soit améliorée dans de nombreux domaines, les maladies dues à une contamination microbiologique ou chimique des aliments demeurent un problème de santé publique d'ampleur croissante, selon l'Organisation mondiale de la santé. Les coûts économiques des maladies d'origine alimentaire représentent un fardeau économique conséquent pour les consommateurs, l'industrie agroalimentaire et les pouvoirs publics. Cette étude examine l’incidence et les coûts économiques des maladies d’origine alimentaire. Il faut approfondir les travaux déjà menés et améliorer les approches interdisciplinaires afin de mieux comprendre ces questions de santé publique et leurs conséquences économiques. Cela permettra également aux responsables de la santé publique de concevoir des stratégies de prévention propres à diminuer les risques.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264101517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 631.584
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Organic farming Economic aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Organic farming Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Organic farming OECD countries ; Congresses ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Biologische Landwirtschaft ; Umweltfaktor ; Wirtschaftlichkeit ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The economic performance of organic farms is mixed, with considerable variation in the yields achieved and the premiums received for products within and across OECD countries. This publication reveals that organic agriculture is disadvantaged by current agricultural support policies, and the proliferation of standards and labels has sometimes confused consumers and impeded trade. A key policy challenge is to ensure that both the positive and negative externalities of different agricultural production systems are taken into account.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264099784
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Costs of Managing Fisheries
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Seefischerei ; Kostenmanagement
    Abstract: Dans une période de restriction budgétaire, les pouvoirs publics recherchent des moyens plus efficaces et moins onéreux pour assurer les services de pêcheries. Combien dépensent les gouvernements pour la gestion des pêcheries ? Qui paie pour les services de gestion des pêcheries ? Qui fournit les services ? Quelle est l’efficacité des services face aux objectifs à atteindre ? Ces questions sont traitées dans ce rapport qui examine les coûts de la gestion des pêcheries dans les pays de l’OCDE.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264299870
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (418 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Liberalising Fisheries Markets; Scope and Effects
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Liberalising Fisheries Markets: Scope and Effects
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Fischhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Außenhandel ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Seefischerei ; Regulierung ; Außenhandel ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: Cette publication passe en revue les principaux changements qui ont affecté le secteur de la pêche mondiale et présente une analyse en profondeur des perspectives d'avenir et des effets potentiels d'une plus grande libéralisation du marché dans ce secteur. Elle contient également un inventaire des mesures et politiques de marché en place dans les pays de l'OCDE. Il ressort principalement de cette étude qu'il est possible de libéraliser davantage les échanges de poissons et de produits de la mer.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264099258
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Harnessing Markets for Biodiversity; Towards Conservation and Sustainable Use
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Harnessing Markets for Biodiversity: Towards Conservation and Sustainable Use
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Biodiversität ; Marktwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Les pouvoirs publics et les opérateurs du secteur privé s’accordent de plus en plus à reconnaître qu’il est possible de stopper l’érosion de la biodiversité en mobilisant les marchés. Certains de ces produits et services sont déjà commercialisés et procurent des bénéfices. Le fonctionnement des marchés privés doit par ailleurs être appuyé par des politiques publiques appropriées. Ce rapport propose un cadre conceptuel pour la création de marchés dans le domaine de la biodiversité ainsi que plusieurs exemples permettant d’exploiter plus durablement la biodiversité.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104501
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmentally Harmful Subsidies; Policy Issues and Challenges
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmentally Harmful Subsidies; Policy Issues and Challenges (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: Policy Issues and Challenges
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: Policy Issues and Challenges (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Umweltbelastung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Subvention
    Abstract: La réforme des subventions nuisibles à l’environnement constitue une haute priorité pour les pays de l’OCDE. Mais existe-t-il un consensus sur une définition commune des subventions et sur la façon de les mesurer ? Dispose-t-on de suffisamment de données et de méthodes fiables pour identifier, mesurer et analyser les subventions nuisibles à l’environnement ? Ces questions ont été abordées lors d’un atelier de l’OCDE sur les subventions dommageables à l'environnement en novembre 2002. Pour la première fois, des experts d’origines diverses (fonctionnaires, universitaires, chercheurs, représentants d’organisations internationales et de la société civile) ont eu l’occasion de faire le point et de partager les connaissances techniques sur les subventions et leurs impacts environnementaux. Ces questions ont été traitées dans des domaines aussi divers que l’agriculture, les pêcheries, l’énergie, l’industrie, les transports, les forêts et les ressources en eau. L’atelier a permis d’identifier de nombreuses questions techniques ainsi que des défis d’ordre politique qu’il importe d’examiner si l’on veut effectivement réformer les subventions nuisibles à l’environnement, en particulier mettre au point un cadre commun de définition et de mesure de ces subventions. On a estimé que le recours à une « liste de contrôle » serait un outil potentiellement valable pour aider à identifier les subventions dont le retrait serait bénéfique pour l’environnement.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264099777
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coûts de gestion des pêcheries
    Keywords: Fisheries Costs ; Fishery management Economic aspects ; Agriculture and Food ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Seefischerei ; Kostenmanagement
    Abstract: In an era of declining budgets, governments are seeking more efficient and cost-effective means of delivering fisheries services. These developments raise a number of significant policy questions. How much do governments spend on managing fisheries? Who pays for the fisheries management services? Who actually delivers the services? How effective are the services in meeting their objectives? These questions are addressed in this report which examines the costs of managing fisheries in OECD countries
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264199217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
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    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Landwirtschaft ; Biodiversität ; Artenreichtum ; Indikator ; Landwirtschaft ; Biodiversität ; Indikator ; Agrarökologie
    Abstract: This book is a collection of papers from the OECD meeting on Agri-biodiversity Indicators held jointly with the EU and international organisations in November 2001, in Zurich-Rechkenhols, Switzerland. A key outcome was to establish a common agri-biodiversity framework that helps understand the complexity of agri-biodiversity linkages. Papers cover the following topics; agricultural genetic resources, wild species, ecosytems, linking habitats to species and an overview of agri-biodiversity indicators. It includes a set of recommendations to OECD with respect to agri-biodiversity.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (185 p.)
    Series Statement: Agriculture, Trade and the Environment
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur porcin
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Agrarpolitik ; Schweinezucht ; Umweltbelastung ; Biodiversität ; Schweinefleischproduktion ; Schweinefleischmarkt ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: This study takes an in-depth look at the pig sector in OECD countries and draws some conclusions about the most appropriate forms of policy intervention. It argues that liberalising trade is likely to generate some environmental benefits.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264096332
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure provides comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of the standard in force for grading tomatoes in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by the OECD in 1962. It is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or those interested in international trade of tomatoes.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104549
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Multifunctionality; The Policy Implications
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Multifunctionality: The Policy Implications
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Landwirtschaft ; Nichtproduktionssphäre ; Externer Effekt ; Interdependenz ; Agrarproduktion ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: Ce rapport tente de guider les décideurs dans leur recherche des meilleures décisions possibles, compte tenu du caractère multifonctionnel de l’agriculture. Une série de questions détaillées est tout d’abord présentée aux décideurs et aux analystes. Les réponses détermineront si une intervention publique est requise et, si c’est le cas, quelle devrait être sa nature. Reconnaissant que l’information nécessaire peut être considérable, le rapport suggère des procédures à adopter lorsque les données ne sont pas disponibles ou sont peu fiables.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264099241
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mobiliser les marchés au service de la biodiversité ; Pour une politique de conservation et d'exploitation durable
    DDC: 333.9516
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The private provision of biodiversity products and services is proving to be quite feasible in some circumstances. Some biodiversity products and services are already being profitably marketed. Private markets also need to be supported by appropriate public policies. This publication provides a conceptual framework for market creation in the biodiversity policy arena, as well as several examples of where the use of markets can assist policy makers in the search for more sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Biological Resource Management in Agriculture
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 571.8/619
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book contains the proceedings of the first International Meeting on Mammalian Embryo Genomics, held in Quebec City, Canada, on July 20, 2002, which brought together a group of internationally recognised scientists in the genomics field. The objective was to coordinate activities in the area of embryo genomics and create a number of collaborations dedicated to organizing the huge amount of information being generated in this emerging field of research. This information is and will continue to be crucial for most biotechnological applications in the field of animal reproduction.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 331.763
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    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Electronic books ; Agrarhandel ; Armut ; Agrarpolitik ; Agrarwelthandel ; Armut
    Abstract: How do trade liberalisation and rich-country farming policies affect the world’s poor? This publication focuses on that crucial question and underscores its urgency. One in five people worldwide live in extreme poverty with per capita income under a dollar a day. Two in three live in rural areas with farming the dominant source of income. Moreover, the poorest non-farm households spend a relatively large share of their budgets on food. Agricultural policy developments are thus vitally important to all poor people. How can agricultural trade reform serve their needs? What are the potential benefits and dangers of agricultural trade liberalisation? Deriving from the OECD’s on-going co-operation with non-member economies worldwide, this publication tackles various aspects of those fundamental questions on the linkage between farming and poverty.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264105386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les maladies d'origine alimentaire dans les pays de l'OCDE ; état des lieux et coût économique
    DDC: 363.19/26
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Foodborne disease caused by microbiological hazards and chemical contaminants continues to be a growing public health concern, according to the World Health Organisation. This report provides information on the incidence and costs of foodborne disease, which represent a significant economic burden on consumers, the food industry and governments. There is a need to improve interdisciplinary approaches in order to better understand public health issues and their economic consequences. This will also allow policy makers to design appropriate prevention strategies to lower the risk
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264099678
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le revenu des ménages agricoles ; Problèmes et réponses
    DDC: 338.1/3/09177
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Electronic books ; Ländlicher Haushalt ; Landwirtschaftliches Einkommen
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, farm household incomes figure prominently among the wide and growing range of concerns described as motivating policy interventions in agriculture. The first part of this report provides an overview of the income situation of farm households and examines the influence of agricultural and of tax and social security policies on them. The second part investigates more specifically how efficient some of the most commonly used policy interventions are at transferring income to farm households.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104532
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Multifonctionnalité ; Conséquences pour l'action publique
    DDC: 338.1
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report attempts to guide policy-makers to the best possible decisions taking account of the multifunctional character of agriculture. Policy-makers and analysts are supplied with a series of detailed questions which will help determine whether government intervention is required and, if so, what the nature of that intervention should be. Recognising that the information needs can be considerable, the report suggests procedures to be adopted when the data are unavailable or unreliable.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104495
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les subventions dommageables à l'environnement ; Problèmes et défis
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmentally Harmful Subsidies; Policy Issues and Challenges (Chinese version)
    DDC: 338.18
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Electronic books ; Umweltbelastung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Subvention
    Abstract: Proceedings of the OECD Workshop on Environmentally Harmful Subsidies, November 2002. For the first time, experts from a variety of backgrounds (government, academics, researchers and representatives of international organisations and civil society) had the opportunity to take stock of and share technical knowledge of subsidies and their environmental impacts. They addressed these issues in the context of such diverse areas as agriculture, fisheries, energy, industry, transport, forestry and water resources
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104297
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.109479
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This conference proceedings examines problems of low incomes and high unemployment in rural areas of the Baltic countries. It compares the situation of the Baltic States with that in Western Europe, examines developments in Baltic labour markets and factors affecting labour mobility, and looks at strategies for rural and regional development.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'agriculture et la libéralisation des échanges ; Élargir la portée des Accords d'Uruguay
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Uruguay
    Abstract: This report provides information on the average tariff levels and on the use of tariff-rate quotas, export subsidies and export credits by selected OECD countries for temperate-zone agricultural products. The implications of further liberalisation of the various instruments over the medium term are examined. The effects of further trade liberalisation of agricultural markets over the medium-term depend significantly on the modalities and prevailing market conditions against which the liberalisation scenarios are compared. On market access, although the largest impact on world prices is from tariff reductions, each of the current trade policy instruments (i.e. out-of-quota tariffs, in-quota tariffs, and tariff rate quotas) would have to be liberalised to obtain the greatest impact. On export subsidies, their current use is already at levels much lower than Uruguay Round commitments, and elimination would have modest effects for most commodities (except dairy products). This situation could change and further discipline on their use would prevent back-tracking. Export credits used by certain countries are also found to distort trade, although the effects on world markets and average prices remain relatively small, due to the small share of trade facilitated by these programmes and their small per-unit effect. Disciplines are necessary, however, to avoid even greater use of all forms of export competition policies. Countries have embarked on a new round of multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture. The challenge facing policy makers is to build upon the foundations of the URAA to further reduce trade distortions. This requires strengthening the disciplines already established and addressing weaknesses of the current agreement, such as those that have been identified in this report.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264199682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques agricoles des pays de l'OCDE ; un programme de réforme constructif
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques agricoles des pays de l'OCDE : un programme de réforme constructif
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264096325
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264299689
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries; A Positive Reform Agenda
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries: A Positive Reform Agenda
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264294370
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Siena, Italy 2002
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: Sienne est une province essentiellement rurale située dans le centre de l’Italie. Elle a connu une croissance économique stable tout au long de la période de l’après-guerre. Cette réussite est due à une économie variée fondée sur l’industrie manufacturière, les services, une agriculture à forte valeur ajoutée et un secteur du tourisme dynamique. Néanmoins, c’est dans ces deux derniers domaines que Sienne détient un réel avantage concurrentiel, dans la mesure où ils dépendent tous deux de la concentration exceptionnelle en ressources environnementales et culturelles qu'offre la région. C’est la nécessité d’assurer à la fois la pleine mise en valeur et la préservation de cet atout qui a justifié le soutien aux différentes initiatives de développement durable. Un effort a notamment été fait pour que le développement de la région ne soit pas mis en péril par l’impact du tourisme de masse et le manque de coordination de l’offre. Le paysage agraire est également confronté à des incertitudes, dans la mesure où la majorité des terres cultivées dépend toujours des subventions de l’Union européenne, malgré la réussite commerciale de plusieurs producteurs agricoles. Afin de répondre aux défis du développement durable, Sienne doit faire cadrer ses objectifs de développement avec les moyens les plus appropriés de les atteindre, tout en assurant la coordination et la planification de l'ensemble à long terme. L’Examen territorial de Sienne s’inscrit dans un programme plus vaste d’Examens territoriaux, aux niveaux national et régional, menés par le Comité des Politiques de Développement Territorial de l’OCDE. L’objectif général des Examens territoriaux est de fournir des recommandations pratiques aux gouvernements. Les Examens territoriaux portent sur trois types de régions (urbain, intermédiaire, rural). Ils permettent de mieux comprendre les défis auxquels ces régions sont confrontées et identifient des solutions concrètes pour y faire face.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264096318
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264296299
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agriculture and Trade Liberalisation; Extending the Uruguay Round Agreement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agriculture and Trade Liberalisation: Extending the Uruguay Round Agreement
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Uruguay ; Agrarwelthandel
    Abstract: Ce rapport fournit des informations sur les niveaux moyens des tarifs douaniers et sur l'utilisation des contingents tarifaires, des subventions à l’exportation et des crédits à l’exportation par certains pays de l’OCDE pour des produits agricoles de la zone tempérée. Il examine également les conséquences d'une plus grande libéralisation de ces différents instruments à moyen terme. Les effets à moyen terme d’une plus grande libéralisation des échanges sur les marchés agricoles dépendent de manière significative des modalités de sa mise en oeuvre et des conditions qui prévaudront sur les marchés (conditions auxquelles les différents scénarios de libéralisation seront comparés). En ce qui concerne l’accès aux marchés, bien que ce soit la diminution des tarifs douaniers qui ait le plus d’impact sur les prix mondiaux, chacun des instruments actuels (droits de douane appliqués au contingent, hors contingent et contingents tarifaires) doit être libéralisé pour maximiser cet impact. Les niveaux des crédits à l’exportation sont déjà au-dessous de ceux fixés lors des Accords de l’Uruguay et leur disparition n'aurait des effets que peu importants pour la majorité des produits, exception faite des produits laitiers. Cette situation peut changer et davantage de contrôles pourraient éviter des réajustements tardifs. Les crédits à l’exportation utilisés par certains pays peuvent également créer des distorsions sur les échanges, bien que les effets sur les marchés mondiaux et les prix moyens restent relativement faibles (car seule une petite part des échanges est encouragée par ces programmes et leur effet "unitaire" est faible). Des contrôles sont toutefois nécessaires pour éviter une généralisation de toutes les formes de politiques de concurrence aux exportations. Les pays se sont engagés dans un nouveau cycle de négociations commerciales multilatérales sur l’agriculture. Le défi auquel les décideurs politiques doivent faire face est de continuer à bâtir sur les fondations de l’Accord d’Uruguay sur l’Agriculture afin de réduire davantage les distorsions liées aux échanges. Il faut donc renforcer les contrôles déjà mis en place et aborder les faiblesses de l’accord existant, notamment celles qui sont identifiées dans ce rapport.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264158894
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and state China ; Congresses ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; China ; Congresses ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; China, People’s Republic ; China Foreign economic relations ; Congresses ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; China ; Agrarpolitik ; China ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: This book presents the proceedings of an OECD conference reflecting on how China can best manage its reform process under WTO integration. It is an invaluable analysis of farm and rural realities in today’s China and their ultimate implications for world trade. China’s World Trade Organisation membership has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges, propelling its agricultural development into a new era. China’s policymakers continue to face the twin challenges of raising farm incomes and restructuring the rural economy. Do economy-wide policies in China support the agricultural sector? What is the true extent of the "peasant burden"? What policies will most effectively promote the development of rural areas? What is the role of education in improving rural livelihoods and redeploying rural labour? What is the degree of market integration and how well are prices transmitted throughout the country? These questions and issues were debated based on the papers reproduced in this publication. They offer the reader the fruits of timely analytical and strategic thinking by some of the world’s renowned experts on China’s agricultural policies and on methods of policy analysis.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264194373
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Sienne, Italie 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Sienne, Italie 2002
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: OECD's territorial review of the Italian province of Siena. It finds that Siena, a predominantly rural province in central Italy, has enjoyed steady economic growth throughout the post-war period. This success has its roots in a diverse economy based on manufacturing, services, high-value-added agriculture and a dynamic tourism sector. Nonetheless, it is these last two sectors that give Siena its main competitive advantage: an outstanding concentration of high-quality environmental and cultural resources which are unique to the region. The promotion of different sustainable development initiatives has been motivated by the need to ensure the valorisation and conservation of this major asset. This is most apparent in the effort to ensure that the region's development is not spoilt by the impact of mass tourism and an uncoordinated offer. The agrarian landscape also faces an uncertain future as the bulk of the cultivated land area remains dependent on EU subsidies, notwithstanding the market success of many agricultural producers. To respond to the challenges of sustainable development, Siena needs to fully integrate its development objectives with the most effective means to bring them about, in a co-ordinated and long-term planning exercise.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264194298
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.1/77/09479
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Estonia ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This conference proceedings takes a detailed look at the outlook for the dairy industry in the Baltics. It finds that intense competition for raw material, changing consumer demand and internationalisation are potent forces shaping the global dairy industry today and that impending EU accession offers the Baltic countries a unique window of opportunity to accelerate consolidation and to create a more economically viable and sustainable dairy sector.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264293182
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (556 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development; Critical Issues
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development: Critical Issues
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport ; Economics
    Abstract: Comment répondre à nos besoins actuels sans nuire à la capacité des générations futures à satisfaire les leurs ? C'est là le problème crucial que pose le "développement durable". En 1992, lors de la Conférence de Rio des Nations Unies sur l'environnement et le développement, les pays Membres de l'OCDE se sont engagés à réunir les conditions nécessaires au développement durable. Néanmoins, presque dix ans plus tard, les progrès accomplis restent insuffisants et inégaux. A partir d'analyses réalisées à la suite d'une demande formulée par les ministres de l'OCDE en 1998, ce rapport souligne la nécessité de surmonter très rapidement certains des obstacles les plus importants qui se dressent sur la voie du développement durable. Il fait le point sur les fondements théoriques du développement durable, sur son évaluation et sur les réformes institutionnelles qui s'imposent pour en faire une réalité. Il examine ensuite la contribution que le commerce et les investissements internationaux, de même que la coopération pour le développement, peuvent apporter au développement durable à l'échelle mondiale. Et il dresse le bilan des politiques fondées sur les règles du marché, qu'elles soient réglementaires ou technologiques, mises en oeuvre par les pays de l'OCDE à ce jour dans le but d'atteindre certains objectifs tout en optimisant le rapport coût-efficacité. Cet ouvrage présente en outre une analyse approfondie des politiques conçues pour répondre aux principales menaces qui pèsent sur la durabilité dans les domaines du changement climatique et de la gestion des ressources naturelles. De même, on y trouvera un examen détaillé des politiques répondant aux problèmes qui se posent au niveau sectoriel ou infranational. Il en ressort globalement qu'il existe de nombreuses solutions qui permettraient de faire en sorte que la croissance économique, la protection de l'environnement et le développement social se renforcent mutuellement.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264192126
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Economic valuation is widely used in OECD countries as a way of assessing the (usually monetary) value of goods that have no markets. In the rural context, valuation methods are used to argue for or against projects and policy choices in areas as diverse as agricultural support policies, local economic development, land use and biodiversity assessment.This volume reviews a range of different valuation methodologies -- stated preferences, cost-benefit, revealed preferences, and others -- and looks at how these different approaches influence choices in rural policy. Its aim is to assess whether some set of international guidelines or standards could be used to reduce the subjectivity of the evidentiary information.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288362
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Slovenia 2001
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Slovenia
    Abstract: Les dix premières années d'indépendance de la Slovénie ont été marquées par un réel redressement économique et une progression notable de son intégration internationale. Le secteur agro-alimentaire national devrait logiquement en bénéficier, ce qui accélèrerait le transfert de ressources humaines et financières vers des domaines plus compétitifs et contribuerait à faire baisser les coûts de production. Avec la perspective de son adhésion prochaine à l'UE et compte tenu de ses engagements auprès de l'OMC et de l'ALEEC (qu'elle devra tenir), la Slovénie doit impérativement limiter les mesures ayant pour conséquence de fausser les prix dans le secteur agro-alimentaire, et privilégier l'ajustement structurel, en particulier en réduisant le morcellement des exploitations, en étendant le secteur agricole commercialement viable, et en restructurant et modernisant l'industrie alimentaire. Étant donné l'importance considérable des zones rurales en Slovénie, il est essentiel d'adopter une stratégie efficace de diversification capable de générer des revenus non agricoles pour les populations rurales, afin de soutenir le processus de transition vers une agriculture davantage fondée sur les mécanismes du marché. Cette étude analyse les évolutions qu'a connues la Slovénie depuis son accession à l'indépendance en 1991. Elle évalue les principaux problèmes structurels, examine les tendances qui se dessinent au niveau de l'action des pouvoirs publics et fournit des estimations détaillées du soutien à l'agriculture en utilisant les indicateurs mis au point par l'OCDE (ESP et ESC). Cet ouvrage offre des informations et une analyse précieuses pour tous ceux qui s'intéressent aux politiques, aux marchés et aux échanges agricoles et agro-alimentaires des pays d'Europe centrale et orientale. Il s'imposera par ailleurs comme une référence indispensable pour les décideurs, les chefs d'entreprise et les chercheurs. Examens des politiques agricoles déjà parus : Bulgarie (2000) Roumanie (2000) Fédération de Russie (1998) République slovaque (1997) Estonie (1996) Lettonie (1996) Lituanie (1996) République tchèque (1995) Pologne (1995) Hongrie (1994) Cette publication s'inscrit dans le cadre de la coopération engagée par l'OCDE avec les économies non membres.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264034990
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving the Environmental Performance of Agriculture; Policy options and market approaches
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving the Environmental Performance of Agriculture: Policy options and market approaches
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: L’agriculture a des effets considérables sur l’environnement, notamment sur l’utilisation des terres, la qualité des sols et de l’eau, la diversité biologique et les paysages. Ces effets constituent une préoccupation publique croissante dans les pays de l’OCDE. Le défi est celui de donner des moyens à l’agriculture pour produire efficacement et de manière rentable des aliments sains et en quantité suffisante pour satisfaire une demande mondiale croissante sans pour autant dégrader l’environnement et les ressources naturelles. Les politiques agricoles octroient souvent des niveaux importants de soutien lié à la production qui ont accru la production de produits agricoles mais les résultats en matière d’environnement ont été inégaux. La réforme des politiques agricoles et la libéralisation des échanges ont commencé à modifier les signaux transmis aux producteurs agricoles et à induire des changements dans les techniques de production qui contribueront à améliorer les effets bénéfiques de l’agriculture sur l’environnement et à réduire les effets néfastes. Malgré quelque amélioration des performances environnementales de l’agriculture au cours de la dernière décennie, il y a encore beaucoup de possibilités d’amélioration et il convient de faire davantage encore. Selon quels principes les mesures de politique doivent-elles être établies ? Qui doit payer ou être payé pour garantir la qualité de l’environnement ? Quand des approches par le marché doivent-elles être mobilisées pour faire payer et rémunérer la qualité environnementale ? Et quand des actions des pouvoirs publiques sont-elles nécessaires ? Ce rapport met en lumière ces questions et propose des critères et des lignes directrices pour mieux concevoir, mettre en œuvre, suivre et évaluer les mesures de politique visant à traiter des problèmes environnementaux liés à l’agriculture.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193185
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Développement durable ; Les grandes questions
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport ; Economics ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: How can we meet the needs of today without diminishing the capacity of future generations to meet theirs? This is the central question posed by "sustainable development". OECD countries committed themselves to sustainable development at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio, yet - almost ten years later - progress accomplished remains partial and uneven. Drawing on analysis carried forward in response to a mandate from OECD Ministers in 1998, this report stresses the urgency to address some of the most pressing challenges for sustainable development. It reviews the conceptual foundations of sustainable development, its measurement, and the institutional reforms needed to make it operational. It then discusses how international trade and investment, as well as development co-operation, can contribute to sustainable development on a global basis, and reviews the experience of OECD countries in using market-based, regulatory and technology policies to reach sustainability goals in a cost-effective way. The report also provides an in-depth analysis of policies designed to address key threats to sustainability in the areas of climate change and natural resource management, as well as of those that respond to sustainability concerns at the sectoral and sub-national level. The common thrust of the report is that substantial opportunities exist to make economic growth, environmental protection, and social development mutually reinforcing.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264033801
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer les performances environnementales de l'agriculture ; Choix de mesures et approches par le marché
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer les performances environnementales de l'agriculture : Choix de mesures et approches par le marché
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Agriculture has major impacts on the environment, especially on land use, soil and water quality, biodiversity and landscapes, which is a growing public concern in OECD countries. The challenge is to find ways for agriculture to efficiently and profitably produce sufficient and safe food to meet growing world demand without harming the environment and degrading natural resources. Agricultural policies often provide substantial production-linked support that have boosted farm output, but with mixed results on environmental quality. The reform of agricultural policies and trade liberalisation has started to alter signals to farmers, leading to changes in farm practices, which will contribute to enhancing the beneficial and reducing the harmful environmental impacts of agriculture. Despite some progress in the environmental performance of agriculture over the last decade, there is still much room for improvement and more needs to be done. On which principles should policies be based? Who should pay or be paid for ensuring environmental quality? When could market approaches be harnessed for charging and remunerating environmental quality? And when might policy action be needed? This report sheds light on these questions and provides criteria and guidelines for the better design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies addressing environmental issues in agriculture.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264192171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Multifonctionnalité ; Élaboration d'un cadre analytique
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The term multifunctionality is increasingly used, but is prone to different interpretations concerning its definition, its utility and its implications for policy at domestic and international level. The OECD undertook this analysis to clarify the concept of multifunctionality and to try to establish a common analytical framework and terminology. Examining production, externality and public good aspects of multifunctionality, the analysis contained in this report leads to a series of questions, the answers to which determine if and when policy intervention is warranted and what the nature of that intervention should be. The framework encompasses both negative and positive externalities of agriculture. The first question relates to the degree of jointness in production between the multiple outputs. The second question identifies the circumstances in which market failure arises. A third question leads to an investigation of the public good characteristics of the outputs in question and helps to define the optimal type of intervention. These may range from market creation, to the imposition of user fees, the formation of clubs or public provision financed at local, regional or national level. The most efficient policy option is defined by the nature of jointness on the supply side and by the characteristics of the output on the demand side, all costs and benefits being taken into account.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289765
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Bulgaria 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Bulgaria 2000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Dans la perspective de son entrée dans l'Union européenne, la Bulgarie est désormais bien engagée sur la voie qui lui permettra de jeter les fondements d’un secteur agro-alimentaire efficient et compétitif. En effet, elle s'est ouverte au commerce international et applique peu de politiques de nature à fausser les prix. Il lui reste néanmoins à relever un certain nombre de défis. Elle doit notamment instaurer un marché foncier efficace, réduire la capacité excédentaire de son appareil agro-industriel et favoriser l'investissement dans l'industrie agro-alimentaire. Une autre tâche prioritaire est d'accélérer la croissance économique et de créer des emplois en dehors de l'agriculture pour ceux qui abandonnent le secteur. Cet Examen retrace les évolutions intervenues depuis 1989, année où a pris fin le monopole exercé pendant 40 ans par le parti communiste. Il analyse les grandes questions structurelles, passe en revue les infléchissements qui se dessinent dans les grandes orientations et donne des estimations détaillées du soutien à l'agriculture, sur la base des estimations du soutien aux producteurs (ESP) et des estimations du soutien aux consommateurs (ESC). L'étude expose aussi les options qui s'offrent à l'agriculture bulgare dans le cadre du Programme spécial d'adhésion pour l'agriculture et le développement rural (SAPARD) de l'Union européenne. Ceux qui s'intéressent à l'agriculture, ainsi qu’aux politiques, marchés et échanges agro-alimentaires des pays d'Europe centrale et orientale, trouveront dans cet Examen une somme exceptionnelle d'informations et d'analyses. Cette étude restera pendant de longues années une référence inestimable pour les décideurs, les milieux d'affaires et les chercheurs. Autres examens des politiques agricoles publiés par l'OCDE : Roumanie (2000) Fédération de Russie (1998) République slovaque (1997) Estonie (1996) Lettonie (1996) Lituanie (1996) République tchèque (1995) Pologne (1995) Hongrie (1994)
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Where are the resources for lifelong learning?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE ; Slovénie 2001
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T.: Where are the resources for lifelong learning?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE: Slovénie 2001
    DDC: 374
    RVK:
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; Bildungsinvestition ; OECD-Staaten ; Continuing education ; Agriculture and Food ; Slovenia ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungsökonomie
    Abstract: OECD's 2001 review of Slovenia's agricultural policies. It finds that successful macroeconomic recovery and major progress towards international integration marked Slovenia’s first decade of independence. This should have a positive impact on the domestic agro-food sector, prompting the shift of human and financial resources into more competitive areas and driving down production costs. With EU membership fast approaching and commitments to WTO and CEFTA to be upheld, Slovenia needs to limit price-distorting policies in the agro-food sector and to focus on structural adjustment, especially to reduce farm fragmentation, enlarge the commercially viable farm sector, and restructure and modernise the food industry. Given the high importance of rural areas in Slovenia, an effective rural diversification strategy targeted to generate off-farm incomes for rural people is vital to support the progress towards a more market-oriented agriculture. The Review analyses developments since Slovenia gained independence in 1991. It evaluates key structural issues, examines emerging policy developments and provides detailed estimates of support to agriculture, using the OECD’s Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs/CSEs). For those involved in central and eastern European agriculture and agro-food policies, markets and trade, the Review offers unique information and analysis. Policy makers, businesses and researchers will find it an indispensable reference for years to come.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264292185
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture; An Evaluation of its Implementation in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture: An Evaluation of its Implementation in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Uruguay
    Abstract: L’Accord sur l’agriculture du cycle d’Uruguay (AACU) représente un tournant dans la réforme du système commercial agricole. Il impose des disciplines aux politiques internes qui créent des distorsions commerciales et établit de nouvelles règles dans les domaines de l’accès au marché et de la concurrence à l’exportation. Dans quelle mesure les trois disciplines contenues dans l’AACU ont-elles permis de réduire le niveau de la protection et du soutien lié à la production? Quels éléments des disciplines se sont avérés efficaces et quels sont ceux qui sont apparus inefficaces ? Quelles leçons peut-on en tirer pour les politiques ? Enfin, quelles en sont les implications pour la poursuite de la libéralisation des échanges en termes d’opportunités et de défis ? Cet ouvrage apporte un certain nombre de réponses à ces questions pour tous les pays de l’OCDE. Cette étude parvient à une conclusion importante : les effets quantitatifs immédiats de l’AACU sur les niveaux d’échanges et de protection ont été modestes. Ce phénomène s’explique notamment par les nombreuses faiblesses de l’AACU, en particulier dans des domaines bien spécifiques tels que la mise en oeuvre et la méthodologie. Les pays ont déjà démarré un nouveau cycle de négociations commerciales multilatérales sur l’agriculture. Pour les décideurs publics, le défi sera maintenant de s’appuyer sur les fondations de l’AACU pour continuer à réduire les distorsions commerciales. Il est pour cela nécessaire de renforcer les disciplines déjà établies dans le cadre de l’AACU et de s’attaquer aux faiblesses de l’accord actuel identifiées dans cette étude.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264292178
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Multifunctionality; Towards an Analytical Framework
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Multifunctionality: Towards an Analytical Framework
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Industry and Services ; Landbau ; Externer Effekt ; Öffentliches Gut ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: Le terme de multifonctionnalité est de plus en plus utilisé mais différentes interprétations sont attachées à sa définition, son utilité et ses implications pour la politique au niveau national et international. L’OCDE a entrepris cette analyse pour clarifier le concept de multifonctionnalité et pour essayer d’établir un cadre analytique et une terminologie communs. Cette étude examine les aspects de production, d’externalité et de bien d’intérêt public de la multifonctionnalité. Elle présente une série de questions dont les réponses déterminent quand une intervention publique est appropriée et quelle forme elle doit prendre. Le cadre développé prend en compte toutes les externalités de l’agriculture, qu’elles soient négatives ou positives. La première question est relative à l’intensité du caractère conjoint des produits multiples au niveau de la production. La seconde identifie les circonstances dans lesquelles intervient une défaillance du marché. Une troisième question conduit à examiner les caractéristiques des produits en question en tant que biens d’intérêt public et permet de mieux définir le type d’intervention le plus approprié. Ces interventions peuvent aller de la création d’un marché à l’imposition de charges d’utilisation, en passant par la constitution de clubs ou l’approvisionnement public financé au niveau local, régional ou national. La politique la plus efficace est définie par l’intensité du caractère conjoint des produits du côté de l’offre et par leurs caractéristiques du côté de la demande, l’ensemble des coûts et bénéfices étant considérés.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188556
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture ; Méthodes et résultats Volume 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Méthodes et résultats Volume 3
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator
    Abstract: This book is the first comprehensive study to review and take stock in OECD countries of progress in developing indicators to measure the environmental performance of agriculture. Using standard indicator definitions and methods of calculation, the book provides results of the state and trends of environmental conditions in agriculture; interprets trends and highlights linkages between indicators; and, outlines the limitations and key challenges for their future development.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264292369
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. State Trading Enterprises in Agriculture
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Landwirtschaft ; Staatshandel
    Abstract: La première partie de cette étude présente un cadre d’analyse des entreprises de commerce d’État. Elle souligne la diversité de leur nature et le fait qu’une concurrence imparfaite règne sur les marchés dans lesquels bon nombre d’entre elles opèrent. Bien que les entreprises de commerce d’État puissent bénéficier de pouvoirs monopolistiques, leurs objectifs et donc leur comportement peuvent différer de ceux des monopoles privés. Tous ces facteurs devraient être pris en compte lorsqu’on tente d’évaluer l’impact potentiel des entreprises de commerce d’État sur l’accès au marché ou sur les marchés mondiaux des exportations. La seconde partie de cette étude rassemble et classe une grande quantité d’informations et de données concernant les entreprises de commerce d’État agricoles dans les pays de l’OCDE. Les critères utilisés sont liés au potentiel de distorsion de ces entreprises sur les marchés et les échanges.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264192188
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Accord sur l'agriculture du cycle d'Uruguay ; Une évaluation de sa mise en oeuvre dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Accord sur l'agriculture du cycle d'Uruguay : Une évaluation de sa mise en oeuvre dans les pays de l'OCDE
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Uruguay ; OECD ; Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations ; Landwirtschaft ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) was a turning point in the reform of the agricultural trade system. It imposed disciplines on trade-distorting domestic policies and established new rules in the areas of market access and export competition. How effective have the three disciplines contained in the URAA been in bringing about a reduction in the level of production-related support and protection? Which elements of the disciplines have proved effective and which ineffective? What policy lessons can be drawn from the experience so far? What might be inferred about opportunities and challenges for further trade liberalisation? This report provides some answers to these questions for all OECD countries. A key conclusion of the report is that the immediate quantitative effects of the URAA on trade and protection levels have been modest. The reasons for this include the weakness of many specific features of the URAA including implementation and methodological issues. Countries have already embarked on a new round of multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture. The challenge facing policy makers is to build upon the foundation of the URAA to further reduce trade distortions. This requires strengthening the disciplines already established under the URAA and addressing those weaknesses of the current agreement which have been identified in this study.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288553
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (440 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Indicators for Agriculture; Methods and Results Volume 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Indicators for Agriculture: Methods and Results Volume 3
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator
    Abstract: Dans l’ensemble, au cours des 10 à 15 dernières années, les performances de l’agriculture en matière d’environnement ont été inégales dans les pays de l’OCDE. D’après les indicateurs examinés dans cet ouvrage, les niveaux de pollution résultant de la concentration d’azote et de pesticides dans l’eau demeurent relativement élevés, pour certaines régions des pays de l’OCDE. Les risques pour l’environnement persistent, tels que l’érosion des sols et la surexploitation des ressources en eau, et dans certains cas, l’agriculture a eu des effets dommageables sur la biodiversité, les habitats naturels et les paysages. Des évolutions positives se sont aussi produites. L’utilisation d’azote et de pesticides a diminué dans de nombreux pays, avec en conséquence une réduction de la pollution de l’eau et des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Une efficacité accrue dans l’utilisation des intrants et dans les pratiques de gestion des exploitations, telles que les façons culturales anti-érosives, a également permis de renforcer les performances en matière d’environnement. L’agriculture génère aussi des avantages et des services environnementaux, par exemple, en protégeant les habitats naturels, en jouant un rôle de puits pour les gaz à effet de serre et en fournissant des aménités du paysage. Cet ouvrage est la première étude d’ensemble qui passe en revue et évalue les progrès réalisés dans la mise au point d’indicateurs pour mesurer les performances de l’agriculture en matière d’environnement dans les pays de l’OCDE. En s’appuyant sur des définitions et des méthodes de calcul uniformes pour les indicateurs, l’ouvrage fournit des résultats sur l’état de l’environnement dans l’agriculture et sur son évolution récente ; il interprète les tendances et met en lumière les liens entre les indicateurs ; d’autre part, il indique les limites et les principaux enjeux du développement futur des indicateurs. Pour en savoir plus Cet ouvrage s’inscrit dans la série des Indicateurs environnementaux pour l’agriculture. Le Volume 1, Concepts et cadre d’analyse est paru en 1997 ; le Volume 2, Questions clés et conception est paru en 1999 et présente les résultats du séminaire de York (Royaume-Uni), qui a étudié la conception d’indicateurs environnementaux appropriés à l’action des pouvoirs publics.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264195646
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Finance and Investment ; Slovenia ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Südosteuropa ; Landwirtschaft ; Finanzierung ; Kreditgenossenschaft ; Südosteuropa ; Landwirtschaft ; Finanzierung ; Kreditgenossenschaft
    Abstract: - What has been achieved in rural finance and institutional reform during more than a decade of transition and what challenges remain? - What are the special needs of South Eastern European countries to attract agricultural credit and finance to their troubled agro-food sectors? - What should be the role of governments to facilitate the development of sustainable rural finance and credit systems? - How should the banking sector innovate to respond to significant transformations in farm ownership and production structure? - What are the advantages and perspectives of rural credit co-operatives? - What is the role of trade and manufacturer credit? - Can micro-finance be successful in helping to reduce rural credit constraints and stimulate rural development? These are some of the issues addressed in the proceedings of the OECD expert meeting: "Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies", held in Portoroz, Slovenia on 29-30 May 2001. Over 90 participants, including policy makers, government officials, bankers, agro-business, independent experts, and academics from 22 countries and international organisations focused on the special issues in this sector for South Eastern Europe, Russia and Ukraine. This book is part of the OECD's ongoing co-operation with non-Member economies around the world.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 330.9
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Industry and Services ; China, People’s Republic ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Chinese decision-makers are grappling with policy choices that will optimise the gains from China’s integration into the international trading system in harmony with social, regional and sustainable development goals. Trade liberalisation can significantly enhance the reform process underway and bring great benefits to China. But the agricultural sector faces the greatest challenges and potential hardships of any economic sector from this process. Significant domestic policy reform and structural adjustment will be critical to enable China to realise its comparative advantage in agriculture and to redeploy an estimated 150 million redundant farmers. To sharpen understanding of the policy options, the OECD invited Chinese and international experts to reflect together upon the likely impacts of freer trade on China’s agricultural sector. Based on the results of China’s WTO negotiations with key trading partners, they assessed the compatibility of China’s WTO commitments with domestic policies and the need for specific changes. They analysed the effects of likely policy changes on cereal, oilseeds and livestock markets in China and OECD countries. And they examined the implications of China’s WTO accession on rural enterprises, regional development and the domestic and international political economy. These proceedings offer the reader the fruits of timely analytical and strategic thinking and joint reflection on some of the most important agricultural policy issues for China and the world.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264192362
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les entreprises commerciales d'État dans le secteur agricole
    DDC: 333.3/2
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Part I of this two-part study sets out a framework for the analysis of State trading enterprises (STEs). It emphasises their diverse nature and the imperfectly competitive markets in which many of them operate. Although State trading enterprises may be granted monopoly powers, their objectives and therefore their behaviour may differ from that of private sector monopolies. All these factors should be considered in trying to assess the potential impact of STEs on market access or on world export markets. Part II assembles and classifies a large amount of information and data concerning agricultural state trading enterprises in OECD countries. The criteria used relate to the potential of these enterprises to distort markets and trade.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195011
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 380.1/41
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Governments in many OECD countries intervene in agricultural markets to boost crop producer returns by applying tariffs to the prices of imported cereals and oilseeds and/or subsidising prices paid by foreign buyers. Historically, market price support attributable to such interventions comprised the lion’s share of total financial support afforded crop producers in OECD countries. In recent years, however, the share of crop producer support due to trade policy measures has declined, while that due to payments made directly from government budgets has increased. This publication compares the market impacts of market price support and several kinds of budgetary direct payments using indicators of economic efficiency and trade distortion. The main finding is a numerical ranking of the support measures studied showing a close inverse relationship between trade distortion and transfer efficiency. That is to say, those support measures found to be most efficient in transferring income to farmers are least distorting to trade.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264187825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE ; Roumanie 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE : Roumanie 2000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Romania
    Abstract: This study of Romania’s agricultural policies analyses developments from the dramatic events of December 1989 to the present day preparations for accession to the European Union. The Review evaluates key structural issues and examines emerging policy developments in agricultural reform. It includes detailed estimates of support to agriculture, using the OECD’s Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs/CSEs). A special assessment measures the environmental performance of Romanian agriculture, including the nitrogen balance, against OECD-developed environmental indicators. The report concludes that a key priority for Romania is to remove constraints that impede the flow of labour from agriculture into activities with a higher value-added. Increasing the economic efficiency of the food chain as a whole is essential to enhance Romania’s competitiveness and improve the terms of trade for agricultural producers during the run-up to its EU accession and thereafter.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264180635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: On the surface there is agreement, sustainable development refers to a broad set of issues, going beyond the relationship between the economy and the environment to encompass human and social concerns. Scratch the surface and you open a Pandora's box of differing notions of sustainability and means of achieving it. How can progress towards sustainable development be measured then? The major difficulty in developing indicators to track progress towards sustainable development is not the lack of data but rather the lack of frameworks to organise and synthesize existing information. This volume brings together a number of approaches to this question pursued in academia, national administrations and international organisations, as presented at an expert workshop held at the OECD headquarters in September 1999. These approaches include developments of the traditional national accounts system, construction of synthetic measures of sustainability such as "genuine savings", physical measures of material flows, and selections of indicators based on variants of the "pressure, state, response" model. This volume also reviews a number of initiatives undertaken within the OECD to monitor trends in the sustainability of specific sectors and sub-national areas.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264081871
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189584
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestion des risques en matière de revenu dans le secteur agricole
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Various risks affect the income and the welfare of farm households. A large number of strategies are available to deal specifically with income risk. They exist against a general background of widespread government intervention that modifies the risks faced by farmers. In the context of agricultural policy reform, a challenge for policy makers is to better define the role of public policy versus market-based mechanisms to deal with income risk in agriculture. The OECD workshop examined the various strategies used by farm households, in particular those attracting renewed interest such as diversification of income sources, vertical co-ordination, hedging on futures markets, insurance coverage and public safety-nets. It allowed participants from Member countries’ governments and private industries to share their experience. One of the main conclusions was that farmers, as managers, have the primary responsibility for risk management and that the optimal mix of tools and instruments depends on specific conditions. Government intervention in risk management, coming as a response to an identified market failure, should be in line with general reform principles shared by OECD Ministers for Agriculture, which include increasing the market orientation of agriculture and addressing legitimate domestic interests in ways that do not distort production and trade.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264189768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE ; Bulgarie 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE : Bulgarie 2000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: OECD's 2000 review of Bulgaria's agricultural policies. It finds that with open trade and few price-distorting policies, Bulgaria is well on the route to laying down a sound foundation for improving the efficiency and competitiveness of its agro-food sector in preparation for accession to the European Union. However, a number of challenges remain. These include: establishing a functioning land market, reducing excess capacity in the food processing sector and encouraging investment in the agro-food industry. Another high priority is to accelerate economic growth and the development of off-farm employment opportunities for those leaving agriculture. The Review analyses developments since the 40-year monopoly of the communist party ended in 1989. It evaluates key structural issues, examines emerging policy developments and provides detailed estimates of support to agriculture, using the OECD’s Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs/CSEs). The study also discusses current policy options for Bulgarian agriculture within the framework of the EU’s Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development (SAPARD). For those involved in central and eastern European agriculture and agro-food policies, markets and trade, the Review offers unique information and analysis. Policy-makers, businesses and researchers will find it an invaluable reference for a long time to come.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264287822
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Romania 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Romania 2000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Romania
    Abstract: Cet examen des politiques agricoles roumaines mesure le chemin parcouru depuis les événements dramatiques de décembre 1989 jusqu’au processus d’adhésion à l’Union européenne actuellement engagé. Il met en évidence les aspects structurels déterminants ainsi que les orientations qui se dessinent dans la réforme agricole. Le soutien dont bénéficie l’agriculture fait l’objet d’estimations détaillées, fondées sur la méthode d’estimation du soutien aux producteurs et aux consommateurs (ESP/ESC) de l’OCDE. Cette étude évalue les performances environnementales de l’agriculture roumaine (notamment du bilan azoté) appréciées en fonction des indicateurs environnementaux élaborés par l’OCDE. Le rapport conclut que l’une des grandes priorités pour la Roumanie consiste à supprimer les contraintes qui empêchent la main-d’œuvre agricole de se tourner vers d’autres activités à plus forte valeur ajoutée. Une plus grande efficience économique de l’ensemble de la filière agro-alimentaire s’impose si l’on veut accroître la compétitivité du pays et améliorer les termes de l’échange pour les producteurs agricoles durant la période qui précède l’adhésion à l’UE et au-delà. Cet ouvrage constitue une référence indispensable pour les décideurs, les chercheurs et les entreprises qui s'intéressent à l’agriculture et aux politiques agro-alimentaires ainsi qu’aux marchés et aux échanges, que ce soit dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale ou, plus généralement, dans les pays en transition. Cet examen de première importance est appelé à faire date. Autres Examens des politiques agricoles : Fédération de Russie (1998) République slovaque (1997) Estonie (1996) Lettonie (1996) Lituanie (1996) République tchèque (1995) Pologne (1995) Hongrie (1994)
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264088269
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by the OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of the standard in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in this product.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264088115
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by the OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of the standard in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in this product.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288027
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transition to Responsible Fisheries; Economic and Policy Implications
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transition to Responsible Fisheries: Economic and Policy Implications
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Fischwirtschaft ; Politik ; Wirtschaft ; Empfehlung
    Abstract: Si l'industrie de la pêche veut survivre sur le long terme, il lui faudra adopter des pratiques et des approches plus « responsables ». Il s’agira de revoir non seulement les pratiques mêmes de l'industrie mais également les politiques du secteur public et notamment les approches en matière de gestion des pêches. Cet ouvrage montre quelles voies pourrait prendre une véritable transition vers des pêcheries responsables; il examine les conséquences possibles et recommande une série de mesures visant à accroître la prospérité dans ce secteur. Le travail analytique de l'OCDE sur les pêcheries est mené par le Comité des pêcheries et couvre un large éventail de questions relatives à la gestion, à la conservation des ressources, aux échanges et au développement durable.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289581
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Income Risk Management in Agriculture
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Landwirtschaft ; Einkommenssicherung ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: Les ménages agricoles sont confrontés à une série de risques qui affectent leur revenu et leur bien-être. Un grand nombre de stratégies sont à leur disposition pour gérer, en particulier, le risque relatif au revenu. Celles-ci prennent place dans un contexte d’intervention publique généralisée qui modifie les risques rencontrés par les agriculteurs. Dans le cadre de la réforme de la politique agricole, les pouvoirs publics vont devoir s'attacher à mieux définir le rôle des mécanismes d’intervention publique par rapport aux approches fondées sur le marché pour permettre aux agriculteurs de gérer le risque en matière de revenu. L’atelier de l’OCDE a examiné les différentes stratégies utilisées par les ménages agricoles, en particulier celles qui font l’objet d’un regain d’intérêt comme la diversification des sources de revenu, la coordination verticale, la couverture sur les marchés à terme, l’assurance et les filets de sécurité publics. Il a permis aux participants des pays Membres, du service public comme du secteur privé, de partager leurs expériences. C'est aux agriculteurs, en tant qu’entrepreneurs, qu'incombe en premier lieu la gestion du risque, et la combinaison optimale d’outils et d’instruments dépend des conditions spécifiques, telle est l'une des principales conclusions de cet atelier. L’intervention du gouvernement dans la gestion du risque, en réponse à une défaillance avérée du marché, devrait être conforme aux principes généraux de réforme tels qu'ils ont été définis par les ministres des pays de l’OCDE. Ceux-ci impliquent notamment une plus grande orientation de l’agriculture par le marché et la prise en compte des préoccupations nationales légitimes sans création de distorsions sur la production et les échanges.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188020
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour des pêcheries responsables ; Implications économiques et politiques
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Transition to responsible fisheries
    DDC: 333.95616
    RVK:
    Keywords: Fischerei ; Fischwirtschaft ; Fischereipolitik ; Branchenentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Fisheries Economic aspects ; Fishery policy ; Sustainable fisheries Government policy ; Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Fischwirtschaft ; Politik ; Wirtschaft ; Empfehlung
    Abstract: If the fishing industry is to survive in the long term, more responsible practices and approaches need to be adopted. This involves not only the industry’s own practices, but also public sector policies and in particular fisheries management approaches. This book identifies possible transition paths to responsible fisheries, assesses their consequences and provides policy recommendations on how to enhance prosperity in this sector.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Pour des pêcheries responsables
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789164180292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The agro-food processing sector in China
    RVK:
    Keywords: 00.10.1999 ; Agroindustrie ; Agrarprodukt ; Ernährungsindustrie ; China ; Agricultural industries China ; Congresses ; Food industry and trade China ; Congresses ; Produce trade China ; Congresses ; Agriculture and Food ; Economics ; China, People’s Republic ; China Foreign economic relations ; Congresses ; Aufsatzsammlung ; China ; Lebensmittelindustrie ; China ; Agrarprodukt ; Industrie ; China ; Agrarproduktion
    Abstract: China’s food processing sector has arrived at a decisive stage. While primary agriculture has continued to expand at an astounding pace and final consumers have experienced an extended period of rapid income growth, progress at the intermediary stage, the agro-processing sector, has remained limited. Today, a growing need to catch up with these developments has become manifest, but a number of challenges have emerged simultaneously. They include the need to adjust to increasingly diversified consumer demands, to improve the quality and nutritional content of foods, to introduce new food products, to shift to more sophisticated processing methods, to adopt innovative packaging methods, and to comply with new labelling requirements. These developments give rise to a number of questions. What do these changes mean for China’s food processors? Is China’s agriculture adequately prepared for these changes? How can farmers take advantage of these changes? What structural adjustments are needed to meet the challenges arising from the changes in domestic and international food markets? The papers in this Proceedings document try to answer these and many other important questions revolving around changes in, and challenges for, China’s agro-processing sector.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264071568
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264071575
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (78 p)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264071551
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products.
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