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  • 1990-1994  (282)
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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (4,401)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 125
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Wertschöpfung ; Agraraußenhandel ; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Handelsabkommen ; CGE-Modell ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global value chains (GVCs) in agriculture and food sectors contribute to sector growth and development. However, agricultural trade is subject to significant distortions that limit trade which in turn impacts on its competitiveness world-wide. Using the OECD Metro model, this study analyses the impact of trade and domestic support policies on participation in agro-food GVCs and the benefits that flow from them. The results show that current market access barriers and distorting forms of domestic support have a negative effect not only on welfare, but also on the possible benefits from participation in agro-food GVCs. If barriers, i.e. tariffs and quotas, were removed this would offer the potential to increase welfare, increase exports of agro-food domestic value added from all countries, and promote trade by furthering GVC links through value added. This study also shows that regional trade agreements have the potential to deepen GVC linkages amongst members.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 220
    Keywords: Electronic Commerce ; Elektronischer Datenaustausch ; Grenze ; Datensicherheit ; Datenschutz ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The ubiquitous exchange of data across borders has given rise to a range of concerns by governments and citizens about some of the effects of so much information being collected and used, often without the knowledge of data subjects. This has led countries to condition or prohibit the transfer of data abroad, affecting trade in the process. This paper develops an indicative taxonomy of domestic approaches to cross-border data flow regulation and local storage requirements; it then surveys international instruments that address the question of international data transfers. The paper then examines the issues that data flow restrictions might raise for consumers and businesses. Against this backdrop, the paper highlights the challenge of finding balance between ensuring that important objectives, such as consumer privacy and security, are met while maintaining the benefits from free flows of data, including the benefits from increased and more inclusive digital trade.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 223
    Keywords: Dienstleistungshandel ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Handelshemmnisse ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents new data on regulatory barriers affecting services trade within the European Economic Area (EEA), covering 25 EEA countries, 22 sectors and five years (2014-2018). Following the methodology of the OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI), qualitative information is scored and weighted to produce binary composite indices. The resulting intra-EEA STRIs reveal that services trade restrictiveness within the Single Market is considerably lower than the applied MFN regime of those EEA members. Moreover, they show that EEA members have achieved significant regulatory harmonisation through their integration process.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 224
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Handelsabkommen ; Gravitationsmodell ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Cutting trade costs, especially those stemming from non-tariff measures, is a growing priority for policy makers. One way to achieve this is for countries to improve their co-operation on regulatory matters. An avenue open to governments is to include provisions related to international regulatory co-operation (IRC) into preferential trade agreements (PTAs). However, there exists little empirical evidence of the benefits of these co-operative mechanisms. This paper provides this evidence, in the context of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) provisions. It measures the effect of IRC mechanisms on trade flows using the latest developments in the gravity literature and the most recent data sources. The work distinguishes between different forms of co-operation implemented between countries within PTAs while also accounting for the level of commitment between partners. The estimation results suggest that PTAs including SPS and TBT measures have a significant and positive effect on trade flows, with the legal enforceability of IRC mechanisms having the strongest and most robust impact on trade flows. This result holds even when WTO-related provisions and dispute settlement procedures are controlled for, implying that binding commitments are important in maximizing post-PTA trade flows. The work shows that transparency and co-operation are significant and robust factors in increasing trade. It also reinforces the view that the impact takes some time to materialise, which is important when evaluating the effectiveness of deep IRC mechanisms.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2019, 04
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper discusses the implications of the low-carbon transition for workers and the relevant lessons-learnt in previous industrial restructuring experiences. The evidence suggests that, while climate policies are likely to have a modest impact on aggregate employment, workers in certain regions and industries can be more severely affected. The transition may also have gender-differentiated impacts: men represent the largest share of the workforce of most negatively affected industries (e.g. coal-mining) while the growth of the renewable power generation sector, which exhibits a relatively more gender-balanced workforce, suggests that female employment may increase in the traditionally male-dominated energy sector. Lessons from the case-studies underline that a suite of polices is necessary to manage the structural adjustment process, including structural reforms and skills policies. Importantly, the low-carbon transition differentiates itself from previous restructuring experiences because of its policy-driven nature and the possibility to finance structural adjustment measures through carbon-pricing revenues.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD LEED working papers no. 2019, 02
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/02
    Keywords: Sozialwirtschaft ; Innovation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Soziale Folgen ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Litauen ; Industry and Services ; Lithuania ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This review provides an in-depth analysis of the Lithuanian policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. It identifies the country’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. Key policy issues analysed include: raising awareness and clarifying the conceptual framework (Chapter 2); coordinating policy and legal frameworks (Chapter 3); enhancing the role of social enterprises in public procurement (Chapter 4); promoting social impact measurement and reporting (Chapter 5); and improving their access to finance (Chapter 6).
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 129
    Keywords: Getreidepolitik ; Politische Reform ; Partielles Gleichgewicht ; China ; Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Reforming China’s grain policy could have significant implications for both domestic and international markets. China has begun to reform its price support policies for several commodities, replacing them with commodity specific area payments. The assessment of policy reform scenarios for grains, using two partial equilibrium models, show that China would maintain more than 80% of self-sufficiency in wheat and maize, and more than 95% in rice. The increase in its grain imports could increase international prices, in particular for wheat and rice. A gradual approach to reforming market price support with compensatory payments would smooth the potential impacts on domestic and world commodity markets, as well as on domestic farm income. While the reform of price support policies benefit consumers the most, more decoupled area payments could also have a greater impact on farm income without increasing the overall cost to society as well as environmental performance of agriculture. Lower costs of managing public grain stocks would equally reduce the budgetary cost of reforms.
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 133
    Keywords: Tierhaltung ; Krankheit ; Menschen ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The emergence of a resistant pathogen reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing or treating an infection caused by a micro-organism, thus increasing morbidity and mortality and leading to higher economic costs to livestock producers. An understanding of the underlying disease dynamics is crucial in finding appropriate solutions to containing the rise in antimicrobial resistance. This report synthesises the evidence on the potential modes of transmission of antimicrobial resistance between humans and animals and vice versa. In particular, the important role of the environment in the transmission chain is discussed as well as practices to break this link. This report also illustrates some of the commonly shared antibiotic classes that are used in human medicine and animal production, and the overall trends in the usage of these antibiotics. While information on transmission of resistance is sparse, the report highlights several priority areas where future research could focus in order to bring a greater understanding of these interactions.
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 134
    Keywords: Tierhaltung ; Antibiotika ; China ; Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The People’s Republic of China is an important player in international markets for animal products, antibiotics, as well as in global efforts to combat antibiotic resistance (AMR). This paper reviews use of antibiotics and the emergence of AMR in Chinese food animal production. The rapid growth in food, animal production, and the relatively poor animal production conditions as well as increasing production intensity led to a sharp increase in antibiotic use in both absolute and relative terms. This trend, however, has been reversed by recent government policies and public awareness of AMR. Four government policies are particularly important in attempting to decrease the use of antibiotics: the imposition of maximum residue levels, establishing a list of permitted antibiotics, the proper use of antibiotics during the withdrawal period, and establishing a list of prescription-only antibiotics use in animal production. Antibiotic use in China is more than five times higher than the international average. One of the main reasons for the relative higher antibiotic usage is the widespread misuse associated with growth promotion in the feed and veterinary use on broiler and pig farms. The relatively low cost of antibiotics, estimated at 1% to 3% of production costs, encourages such excess use in livestock production, but alternatives are often not available and more costly. This paper recommends a mix of economic and regulatory approaches to control the overuse of antibiotics in livestock production and limit the rise in antimicrobial resistance.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 22 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses the spatial distribution of formal enterprises and health infrastructure in West Africa. The analysis shows that sectors crucial for regional integration are concentrated in economic capitals rather than in border areas. These results illustrate the difficulty that many West African countries have in distributing the potential for economic development throughout the country. The mapping of health infrastructure shows that border towns have a surplus of medical centres and a deficit of hospitals and maternity wards relative to their urban populations. The report identifies several regions in which closer co-operation could favour the establishment of cross-border health facilities. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 24 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Integrating gender dimensions into early warning systems is critical to support equitable crisis prevention and response. This paper investigates the extent to which food and nutrition security early warning systems (FNS EWS) in the Sahel and West Africa are gender-responsive and highlights existing gaps at national and regional levels. Progress has been made by key partners and stakeholders towards strengthening the gender analysis of FNS EWS, however, these efforts have not led to a unified reconfiguration of joint FNS EWS mechanisms to be more gender-responsive. More concerted efforts are required to assess and track the gender dimensions of FNS EWS to inform more equitable emergency prevention and response. This paper provides timely policy directions to support stakeholders’ efforts in strengthening the gender-responsiveness of early warning systems in the Sahel and West Africa.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264606784
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews on local job creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Indigenous employment and skills strategies in Australia
    Keywords: Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Indigene Völker ; Australien ; Education ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Australia ; Australien ; Indigenes Volk ; Beschäftigungsstruktur ; Fähigkeit
    Abstract: Innovative ways of working with Indigenous Australians are needed to improve their employment prospects, especially as many work in jobs that are most likely to be impacted by digitalisation and automation in the future. This report considers both quantitative and qualitative data regarding employment, skills, and entrepreneurship opportunities for Indigenous Australians. A number of case studies were undertaken with employment and training providers in the cities of Sydney and Perth to gain insights into the delivery of employment and skills programmes targeted to Indigenous Australians. The report highlights critical success factors to better link Indigenous Australians to high quality jobs while also providing recommendations regarding future employment and skills programming.
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 146
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Achieving a low-greenhouse gas (GHG) development requires making finance flows consistent with this objective. In order to measure progress to date as well as inform future public action in this area, this paper calls for further efforts to track gross primary investments flows in new infrastructure and equipment and the refurbishment of such assets, as well underlying sources of finance. The proposed scope focuses on tangible fixed assets with a direct and significant impact on GHG emissions.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264305823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Investing in Youth
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Keywords: Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Peru ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Peru
    Abstract: The present report on Peru is part of the series on "Investing in Youth", which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the areas of social, employment, education and training policies. Its main focus is on young people who are not in employment, education or training (the "NEETs"). Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017), and Norway (2018).
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 228
    Keywords: Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Corruption at the border distorts resource allocation, undermines the level playing field for businesses, hampers the attractiveness of affected markets, and may result in significant revenue losses for developing countries. Trade facilitation policies could potentially reduce the incentives and the opportunities for corruption. This paper explores potential determinants of border-related corruption and trade facilitation policies most likely to address it. Countries with higher integrity at the border are found to also have more efficient border processes. Measures that appear to particularly support integrity at the border include transparency and predictability, streamlining of formalities – through simplification of documents, more automation of processes at different levels of complexity, or improved procedures along the border transaction chain – and coordinated border management.
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 232
    Keywords: Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Digital transformation has enabled easier tradability of traditional services across borders and the emergence of new services that create value from data. But the benefits derived from digitalisation risk being derailed by existing and emerging trade barriers. The OECD Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (Digital STRI) is a new tool that identifies, catalogues, and quantifies cross-cutting barriers between 2014 and 2018 that affect trade in digitally-enabled services across all G20 countries. This index is comprised of a regulatory database of existing trade barriers based on publicly available laws and regulations, as well as composite indices that measure the trade restrictiveness of these policies. The Digital STRI shows that the regulatory environment is complex and diverse across G20 countries, and that there is scope to reduce trade barriers, particularly with respect to communications infrastructure and burdensome measures that affect cross-border data transfers. The Digital STRI can also map regulatory heterogeneity across the G20, and help monitor regulatory convergence, e.g. from regulatory cooperation in trade agreements.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264489158 , 9789264584877 , 9789264554290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government review of Sweden
    Keywords: E-Government ; Schweden ; Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Behörde ; E-Government
    Abstract: This digital government review asseses the state of data-driven policies and initiatives in the Swedish public sector. It explores the underlying institutional governance and co-ordination arrangements for digital government in the country, and their impact on policy implementation. It also discusses data-sharing and managing initiatives, data governance and open government data practices. The review looks at how Sweden could better share knowledge, promote innovation and improve collaboration both across the public sector and with external stakeholders. Finally, it highlights how the government can use data to build a closer relationship with citizens in order to address policy challenges, improve public service delivery, and, ultimately, strengthen public trust.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264729407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: The Netherlands 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Niederlande ; Taxation ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of the Netherlands.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307674 , 9789264308886 , 9789264308893
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Thailand ; volume 2: In-depth analysis and recommendations
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Thailand ; Thailand ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wachstumsstrategie ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Thailand is a fast emerging country that aspires to become a high-income economy by 2037. Still, Thailand’s growth path has created large disparities that risk obstructing the next stage of development. This report lays out three transitions that Thailand needs to master to build capabilities and sustain faster but also more inclusive economic growth. First, the country should move from a growth path dominated by few and geographically concentrated sources of innovation to one that focuses on unlocking the full potential of all regions. Second, to support a new growth agenda, it should organise multi-level governance and the relationship between the many layers of government more effectively, particularly with regards to financial resources. Last but not least, Thailand should focus on water and environment, moving from a resource-intensive growth path with costly natural disasters to one characterised by sustainable development. In the case of water, this means moving from ad-hoc responses to effective management of water security.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264591134 , 9789264410503 , 9789264988521
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good governance for critical infrastructure resilience
    Keywords: Infrastrukturpolitik ; Good Governance ; Risikomanagement ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Critical infrastructures are the backbone of modern, interconnected economies. The disruption of key systems and essential services - such as telecommunications, energy or water supply, transportation or finance - can cause substantial economic damage. This report looks at how to boost critical infrastructure resilience in a dynamic risk landscape, and discusses policy options and governance models to promote up-front resilience investments. Based on an international survey, the report analyses the progressive shift of critical infrastructure policies from asset protection to system resilience. The findings are reflected in a proposed Policy Toolkit for the Governance of Critical Infrastructure Resilience, which can guide governments in taking a more coherent, preventive approach to protecting and sustaining essential services.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264745322
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Spain 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Spanien ; Taxation ; Spain ; Spanien ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Spain.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264311626
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Engaging employers and developing skills at the local level in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Unternehmer ; Kommunalpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Nordirland ; Education ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom ; Qualifikation ; Unternehmer ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: The success of skills development activities through both on- and off-the job training often depends on the participation of employers. This OECD report on Northern Ireland, United Kingdom identifies a number of innovative programmes that aim to better engage employers in the design and delivery of training. It also looks at the role of local district councils in working closer with employers to better understand and address their skills challenges. A key part of the project was the implementation of a survey to gather information from Northern Irish employers about their skills needs and barriers to apprenticeship participation. The report offers a number of recommendations for improving business-education partnerships in emerging sectors of the Northern Ireland economy.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264752641 , 9789264939561 , 9789264868410
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Open government in Biscay
    Keywords: E-Government ; Baskenland ; Governance ; Spain ; Vizcaya ; Regierung ; Good Governance
    Abstract: The Review analyses the open government agenda of the Province of Biscay, based on the 2017 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Open Government. It assesses Biscay’s initiatives regarding transparency, accountability and stakeholder participation and how they impact the quality of public service delivery. This review also evaluates Biscay’s institutional, legal and policy frameworks for the implementation of these initiatives, focusing on the creation of a sound monitoring and evaluation system. The report includes recommendations to foster a public governance culture that empowers all stakeholders to actively participate throughout the entire policy cycle. This is the first OECD Open Government Review carried out in a subnational government of an OECD member country.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264802803 , 9789264596498 , 9789264409392
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Beyond proficiency
    Keywords: Bildungsforschung ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsene ; Statistische Methode ; Education
    Abstract: Computer-based administration of large-scale assessments makes it possible to collect a rich set of information on test takers, through analysis of the log files recording interactions between the computer interface and the server. This report examines timing and engagement indicators from the Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), both of which indicate large differences across countries and socio-demographic groups, in the amount of time spent by respondents and their levels of disengagement, which reduce the probability of giving a correct answer and consequently reduces measured performance. Such insights can help policy makers, researchers and educators to better understand respondents’ cognitive strategies and the underlying causes of low and high performance. This, in turn, can help improve the design of assessments and lead to more effective training and learning programmes.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264840249
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: Dritte Ausgabe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Publishing OECD-Leitfaden für die Erfüllung der Sorgfaltspflicht zur konstruktiven Stakeholderbeteiligung im Rohstoffsektor
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Governance ; Development ; Richtlinie ; OECD ; Bergbauindustrie ; Rohstoffpolitik ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Bewaffneter Konflikt ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Rohstoffgewinnung ; Mineralischer Rohstoff ; Supply Chain Management ; Wirtschaftsethik ; Zertifizierung ; Bergbau
    Abstract: Der Handel mit mineralischen Rohstoffen sowie Investitionen in diese Ressourcen bieten ein großes Potenzial zur Generierung von Einkommen, Wachstum und Wohlstand, zur Existenzsicherung und lokalen Entwicklungsförderung. Allerdings finden sich diese Bodenschätze zu weiten Teilen in Konflikt- und Hochrisikogebieten, wo sie in großem Umfang abgebaut werden. Dies kann direkt oder indirekt zu bewaffneten Konflikten und schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen führen und die wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung beeinträchtigen. Der OECD-Leitfaden für die Erfüllung der Sorgfaltspflicht zur Förderung verantwortungsvoller Lieferketten für Minerale aus Konflikt- und Hochrisikogebieten enthält offiziell unterstützte Empfehlungen, mit denen Firmen Schritt für Schritt zu einem verantwortungsvollen globalen Lieferkettenmanagement für alle Mineralien angeleitet werden, damit sie die Menschenrechte achten und durch ihre Entscheidungen und Praktiken beim Einkauf von Mineralien oder Metallen keinen Beitrag zu Konflikten leisten. Dieser Leitfaden kann von allen Unternehmen angewandt werden, die Mineralien oder Metalle jedweder Art aus Konflikt- bzw. Hochrisikogebieten beziehen könnten. Ziel ist die Schaffung transparenter, konfliktfreier Lieferketten und ein nachhaltiges unternehmerisches Engagement im Bereich der mineralischen Rohstoffe.
    Note: Volltext: PDF , Gesehen am 06.02.2020
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264418219 , 9789264930537 , 9789264677920
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Gouvernement d'entreprise
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe حوكمة الشركات في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا: بناء إطار للقدرة التنافسية والنمو
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Corporate Governance in MENA: Building a Framework for Competitiveness and Growth
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Un cadre rigoureux de gouvernance d’entreprise est essentiel pour les économies de la région MENA soucieuses de promouvoir la croissance et d’édifier des sociétés prospères. Les Principes de gouvernance d’entreprise du G20 et de l’OCDE et les Lignes directrices de l’OCDE sur la gouvernance des entreprises publiques sont les instruments de référence pour la mise en place d’un tel cadre. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs étudient le paysage de la gouvernance d’entreprise dans la région MENA, en répertoriant les problèmes qui se posent et en proposant aux pouvoirs publics des pistes de réforme. Leurs conclusions sont fondées sur une analyse des politiques et pratiques en vigueur dans quatre domaines thématiques : l’accès aux capitaux ; la transparence et la communication d’informations ; la parité femmes-hommes dans les organes de direction des entreprises ; et la gouvernance des entreprises publiques dans la région MENA. Dans l’ensemble, ils concluent que ces économies ont progressé sur la voie du renforcement de leur cadre de gouvernance d’entreprise au cours des dernières années mais que la région peine encore à adopter et à mettre en œuvre, dans ce domaine, des mesures qui soient propices à l’efficience économique, à la croissance durable et à la stabilité financière.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264950627 , 9789264172845 , 9789264685253
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio de Política Regulatoria en Argentina : Herramientas y prácticas para la mejora regulatoria
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regulatory policy in Argentina
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Argentinien ; Governance ; Argentina ; Argentinien ; Marktpolitik ; Regulierung
    Abstract: Argentina has embarked in a series of regulatory reforms to improve the quality of its regulatory framework. High-quality regulations can protect consumers and the environment without becoming burdensome for citizens and businesses. The OECD Review of Regulatory Policy in Argentina provides information on the policies, institutions, and tools employed by the Argentinian government to design, implement and enforce high-quality regulations. These include administrative simplification policies, ex ante and ex post evaluation of regulations, stakeholder engagement practices, and multi-level regulatory governance arrangements. The review offers policy recommendations based on best international practices to strengthen the government’s capacity to manage regulatory policy.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264573048
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Implementing Education Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving school quality in Norway
    Keywords: Schulpolitik ; Qualität ; Norwegen ; Education ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Schulpolitik ; Qualität
    Abstract: Norway is committed to a high quality and equitable education system, as demonstrated by its high level of public expenditure on education and the dynamic policy activity targeting education quality. Despite progress made in enhancing average student performance in recent years, there still are significant differences between schools in municipalities and between municipalities and regions. In response, Norway has started to implement the new competence development model that sets out to develop teacher professionalism with in-service professional development. With this new policy, the Government of Norway aims to provide municipalities and schools with greater freedom of action and empower them to carry out systematic school improvements at the local level. This decentralised approach would respond to local context and the diversity of needs between Norwegian schools. This report aims to support Norway in this effort, analysing the features of the new model, the engagement of the different stakeholders and the policy context for its introduction. Building on the OECD implementation framework, the report proposes concrete actions to adapt the implementation strategy for impact. The report will be valuable not only for Norway, but also to the many countries that are looking to promote school-based professional development and bridge the gap between policy design and effective implementation.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264426924 , 9789264571235 , 9789264936621
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in Japan
    Keywords: Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Agrartechnik ; Innovation ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Ökologischer Landbau ; Japan ; Agriculture and Food ; Industry and Services ; Japan ; Japan ; Landwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Innovation ; Produktivität
    Abstract: In Japan, agriculture has been treated differently from other parts of the national economy. However, policy needs to evolve with new agricultural structures and the global trend towards more integrated value chains, enabling innovation and entrepreneurship in agriculture, and imposing a greater environmental responsibility on producers. Modern agriculture is a technology- and data-intensive industry, and Japan is well-positioned to introduce its competitive technology and skills to agriculture through building more collaborative agricultural innovation system.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264575462
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (546 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SME Policy Index
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe América Latina y el Caribe 2019 : Políticas para PYMEs competitivas en la Alianza del Pacífico y países participantes de América del Sur
    Keywords: Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The SME Policy Index is a benchmarking tool that assists emerging economies in monitoring and evaluating progress in policies that support small and medium-sized enterprises. This first application of the Index methodology in the Latin American and Caribbean region covers the four Pacific Alliance member countries (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru) and three participating South American countries (Argentina, Ecuador, Uruguay). Divided into seven policy dimensions, this report assesses the strengths and weaknesses that exist in different areas of SME policy design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation, and provides guidance to policy makers in identifying policy areas for future reform according to international good practices. This report is a joint effort between the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF) and the OECD through its Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Programme (LACRP), in co-operation with the Latin American and Caribbean Economic System (SELA) and the “Foundation for the Strategic Analysis and Development of the SME” (FAEDPYME).
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 26 (February 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.26
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Informationstechnik ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Technologiepolitik ; Industriepolitik ; Qualifikation ; Wettbewerb ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents a range of policies to enhance adoption of digital technologies and firm productivity. It quantifies illustratively the effect of policy changes by combining the results of two recent OECD analyses on the drivers of adoption and their productivity benefits. Increasing access to high-speed internet, upgrading technical and managerial skills and implementing product and labour market reforms to facilitate the reallocation of resources in the economy are found to be the main factors supporting the efficient adoption of a selection of digital technologies. The most productive firms have benefitted relatively more from digitalisation in the past, contributing to a widening productivity gap with less productive firms. Policies should create the conditions for efficient adoption by less productive firms, which would help them to catch up, achieving a double dividend in terms of growth and inclusiveness. Enhancing skills has a key role to play in this area since less productive firms suffer relatively more from skill shortages.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 240 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 230
    Keywords: Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a broad overview of some of the issues that digital trade raises for ASEAN countries and its MSMEs, including new opportunities that digitalisation presents for ASEAN firms to increase trade. However, it shows that adoption of relatively simple digital tools, such as webpages, remains relatively low, constraining the ability of ASEAN SMEs to engage in trade as exporters and importers. The paper argues that, to benefit from digital trade, policy makers need to consider issues related to accessing digital networks jointly with a range of old and new trade issues.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 19 (October 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Productivity growth has declined in most advanced economies in the past two decades and there are signs that the pace of global value chain (GVC) integration has slowed in the post-crisis period. This paper explores the role of GVCs - international trade in intermediate inputs - for multi-factor productivity growth using a range of cross-country industry-level data sources. We find that greater participation in GVCs is associated with faster domestic productivity growth at the industry level. We estimate that if GVCs had continued to grow at their pre-crisis trend, productivity growth would have been around 1 percentage point faster over the subsequent five years in both manufacturing and services. We also find that the productivity-enhancing direction of trade differs between sectors. For manufacturing sectors, greater use of intermediate inputs from foreign sources (backward participation) is linked with faster productivity growth, reflecting the beneficial effects of having access to better quality or cheaper inputs. For services sectors, it is more the sales of intermediates (forward participation) that is associated with productivity gains, in line with the traditional role of services in foreign trade as providing inputs to other activities. Looking by partner country, GVC participation with higher productivity countries is particularly productivity enhancing. We also find that GVC integration spurs greater domestic innovation activity.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264985971
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bergseng, Benedicte Vocational education and training in Bulgaria
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Bulgarien ; Education ; Employment ; Bulgaria ; Bulgarien ; Berufsausbildung
    Abstract: Over recent years, Bulgaria has shown great willingness to reform its vocational education and training (VET). Significant challenges remain, however, relating notably to the system’s responsiveness to labour market needs and its capacity to ensure equitable outcomes for learners. This report is a focused review of two predefined issues, the governance and funding of VET. These are two fundamental elements within the delivery of skilled VET graduates. The report assesses the strengths of the Bulgarian VET system and the challenges it faces when it comes to governance and funding and suggests policy responses for how these challenges can be addressed. Four specific challenges are identified linked to the governance of the VET system: decision-making powers and capacity; the use of data and evidence to inform policy decisions; social partner engagement; and, oversight of adult VET learning provision. With regard to VET funding, both school level financial autonomy, and the capacity to act upon increased flexibilities, are currently modest. The report argues that potential exists to strengthen collaboration between schools and employers to achieve increased cost-sharing between government and private firms. Finally, more can be done to improve equity in VET delivery through Bulgaria’s funding formula.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264613201
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (169 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tackling vulnerability in the informal economy
    Keywords: Informelle Wirtschaft ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; Schwarzarbeit ; Vulnerabilitätsanalyse ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schwellenländer ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Schattenwirtschaft
    Abstract: A majority of workers in the world are informally employed and contribute to economic and social development through market and non-market activities that are not protected, regulated, well-recognised or valued. This study provides an in-depth diagnosis of informality and the vulnerability prevailing in the informal economy. It explores new ideas to improve the lives of workers in the informal economy based on the ILO indicators of informality and the new OECD Key Indicators of Informality based on Individuals and their Household (KIIbIH). The report contributes in four ways to the global debate on the transition from the informal to the formal economy: 1) by examining the multiple faces of informality in a large sample of countries representing diverse conditions, locations and stages of development; 2) by presenting new empirical evidence on the links between informality and the development process; 3) by assessing risks and vulnerabilities in the informal economy, such as poverty and occupational risks, which can be mitigated with social protection and appropriate risk management instruments; 4) by showing that the transition to formality is a complex issue that touches on a wide range of policy domains.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264310629 , 9789264310636 , 9789264310612
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Gobernanza de reguladores
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Driving Performance at Peru's Telecommunications Regulator
    Keywords: Governance ; Peru
    Abstract: Como "árbitros de mercado", los órganismos reguladores contribuyen a la prestación de servicios públicos esenciales. Su cultura organizacional, comportamiento y gobernanza son factores importantes para determinar su desempeño y el de los sectores regulados. El Marco para la Evaluación del Desempeño de los Reguladores Económicos de la OCDE (PAFER, por sus siglas en inglés), evalúa las instituciones, procesos y prácticas que pueden crear una cultura organizacional de desempeño y resultados. Este informe aplica el PAFER para examinar elementos relacionados con la gobernanza interna y externa del Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión Privada en Telecomunicaciones (OSIPTEL). El informe identifica los logros y buenas prácticas del regulador desde su creación. Asimismo, analiza los factores clave del desempeño de OSIPTEL y propone una reforme integral para ayudar al regulador a prepararse para el futuro.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264309371 , 9789264312807 , 9789264312791
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The future of Mexican higher education
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Mexiko ; Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: This review of higher education policy in Mexico was requested by the Mexican Ministry of Education to take stock of progress since the last OECD review of the higher education system in Mexico, published in 2008, and to support development of the new government’s National Development Plan and Sectoral Education Programme. The report examines the state of the higher education sector in Mexico and analyses key policies implemented by the federal and state governments. It assesses national governance and co-operation structures that help to guide the higher education system, and the relevance of existing national strategies. It also looks at public funding of higher education institutions, how the quality of higher education programmes is assured; and the extent to which the higher education system contributes to equity. The report concludes by exploring two key sectors of higher education: teacher education colleges and professional and technical institutions. A companion volume focusing on the labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education is also available: Higher Education in Mexico: Labour Market Relevance and Outcomes.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264938892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides the second edition of Guidance Document 23 on Aqueous-Phase Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Test Chemicals. Whilst this guidance is targeted towards tests described by the OECD Test Guidelines identified it may also be relevant to other tests. The guidance relates to the practical aspects of carrying out valid tests with “difficult” test chemicals and mixtures and presenting the results. The guidance is considered to reflect good practice but it is important to recognise that some test chemicals and mixtures will present specific scientific and technical issues that may fall outside its scope. This document is divided into five substantive sections covering guidance for carrying out a preliminary assessment of test chemical stability; general considerations on selection of exposure systems; stock and test solution preparation and exposure systems; sampling of test solution for analysis; and calculating and reporting test results.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264464742 , 9789264842281 , 9789264582460
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe УСИЛЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЯ И ВОДООТВЕДЕНИЯ В МОЛДОВЕ
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing the economic regulatory system for Moldova's water supply and sanitation
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Moldawien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Moldova, Republic of ; Moldawien ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasser
    Abstract: This report aims to support the development of a sound economic regulatory system for the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in the Republic of Moldova (hereafter “Moldova”). The prevailing policy framework calls for drastic developments in WSS to modernise and optimise WSS systems and improve operational efficiency (non-revenue water, staff-output ratios etc.) – in line with domestic and international commitments (including the Association Agreement with the European Union, the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement and the national WSS strategy). This report outlines ways and means for strengthening the capacity of the Moldovan government to provide sound regulation and that of WSS operators to deliver higher standards of service while ensuring the affordability of WSS services. Such a transition cannot happen overnight. It requires a sound economic regulatory system conducive to affordability, cost recovery and debt servicing, and a realistic performance improvement path for water utilities.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789282116678
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.175
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report examines how new app-based mobility services can be effectively regulated. High-quality regulations are essential to ensure that ridesourcing, dockless bikeshare, e-scooters and other innovative forms of urban mobility deliver their full benefits for society. They are also crucial to guarantee safety, address environmental concerns and ensure consumer protection. But inappropriate regulation will deny citizens welfare benefits and stifle development of services that may contribute to a more sustainable transport system.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264714175 , 9789264762718 , 9789264342187
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (566 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Country-by-country reporting
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under the Action 13 Minimum Standard, jurisdictions have committed to foster tax transparency by requesting the largest multinational enterprise groups (MNE Groups) to provide the global allocation of their income, taxes and other indicators of the location of economic activity. This unprecedented information on MNE Groups’ operations across the world will boost tax authorities’ risk-assessment capabilities. The Action 13 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review process. The peer review of the Action 13 Minimum Standard is proceeding in stages with three annual reviews in 2017, 2018 and 2019. The phased review process follows the phased implementation of CbC Reporting. Each annual peer review process will therefore focus on different aspects of the three key areas under review: the domestic legal and administrative framework, the exchange of information framework, and the confidentiality and appropriate use of CbC reports. This second annual peer review report reflects the outcome of the second review which considered all aspects of implementation. It contains the review of 116 jurisdictions which provided legislation or information pertaining to the implementation of CbC Reporting.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264772632 , 9789264860896 , 9789264359505
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gobernanza del Agua en Argentina
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water governance in Argentina
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Argentinien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Argentina ; Argentinien ; Wasserversorgung
    Abstract: Ensuring long-term water security is essential in the pathway towards sustainable development in Argentina. Floods cause 60% of all critical events in the country and are responsible for 95% of economic losses. Severe droughts, in a country where the agricultural sector accounts for 6.4% of GDP as compared to a global average of 3.6%, have a strong impact in the economy. The country is also home to some of the most polluted basins worldwide. Furthermore, climate change will likely shift further water availability, uses and demand. The report is the result of a policy dialogue with more than 200 stakeholders at different levels in Argentina. It assesses water governance in Argentina, identifies several key challenges to effective, efficient and inclusive water policies, and provides a set of policy recommendations to enhance water governance as a means to address relevant societal challenges, both within the scope of water management and beyond. In particular, ways forward for Argentina include strengthening the co-ordination between national and provincial water policies, setting up a multilevel water planning and investment framework, improving basin management practices, and enhancing economic regulation for water services.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264522206 , 9789264526587 , 9789264447288
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greening development co-operation
    Keywords: OECD ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Umweltschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Development
    Abstract: How can members of the DAC effectively tackle critical environmental challenges and threats – such as climate change, pollution, and loss of soil fertility and biodiversity – in activities supporting the 2030 Agenda in developing countries? Most already have environmental safeguards in place to screen out negative environmental practice, but they need far more robust policies, capacities and approaches for mainstreaming environment across all their development co-operation activities. This report examines five critical areas for mainstreaming: strong policy commitment and leadership; robust systems, processes and tools; capacity and continuous skill development; shared knowledge, learning and engagement; well-supported country systems. On that basis, the report suggests priority actions for the OECD-DAC, its Network on Environment and Development (ENVIRONET) and the wider development community.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264682061 , 9789264497764 , 9789264445529
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regulatory policy in Croatia
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Kroatien ; Governance ; Croatia ; Kroatien ; Regulierung
    Abstract: Croatia has made great strides in strengthening its regulatory policy framework. Improving the entire regulatory policy cycle will ensure that regulations are built on a foundation of solid evidence and public participation and are designed to improve the security, health and well-being of citizens at a reasonable cost. This report assesses the country’s regulatory management capacity by taking stock of regulatory policies, institutions and tools, including administrative simplification policies, ex ante and ex post evaluation of regulations, stakeholder engagement practices, multi-level regulatory governance arrangements and tax regimes for small businesses. The review describes trends and recent developments, identifies gaps in relation to good practices and offers policy recommendations based on best international practices to strengthen the government’s capacity to manage regulatory policy.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264919792
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Denmark 2019
    Keywords: Environment ; Denmark
    Abstract: Les intensités carbone et énergétique du Danemark comptent parmi les plus faibles de la zone OCDE. En pourcentage du PIB, sa fiscalité environnementale se classe au premier rang de ces pays et le Danemark est à la pointe de l’éco-innovation. Le pays affiche par ailleurs des performances remarquables dans la valorisation matière de la plupart des flux de déchets et a conclu un nouvel accord politique pour s’acheminer vers une économie circulaire. Il joue un rôle normatif à l’échelle internationale dans le domaine de l’évaluation des risques chimiques. La production de déchets municipaux y reste toutefois en tête du classement des pays de l’OCDE. De nombreuses masses d’eau ne sont pas en bon état écologique. L’exposition aux particules fines demeure supérieure aux normes internationales. La biodiversité terrestre manque de zones protégées correctement reliées entre elles. Le pays devra prendre d’autres mesures s’il souhaite respecter l’objectif de neutralité climatique qu’il s’est fixé à l’horizon 2050. Ceci est le troisième Examen environnemental du Danemark. Il évalue les avancées du pays en matière de développement durable et de croissance verte, et comporte des chapitres spéciaux consacrés aux déchets, à la gestion des matières et à l’économie circulaire, ainsi qu’à la gestion des produits chimiques. Cette version abrégée contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, issues des trois chapitres sur les tendances et faits récents, la gouvernance et la croissance verte, de même que des deux chapitres détaillés sur les déchets, la gestion des matières et l’économie circulaire, ainsi que sur la gestion des produits chimiques. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264492066 , 9789264652743 , 9789264753617
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government review of Panama
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; Panama ; Governance ; Panama
    Abstract: This review explores how Panama can enhance and harness digital government to achieve broader strategic goals at both national and local levels. It looks at institutional governance, legislation, and inter-departmental co-ordination, including institutional capacities and skills for delivering quality public services. It identifies opportunities for making public service delivery more efficient and inclusive, as well as for expanding the strategic use of data. The review provides policy recommendations to help Panama enable and sustain the digital transformation of the public sector.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264937079 , 9789264438422 , 9789264641495
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe РЕШЕНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ВОЗДУХА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ: Руководящие принципы реформирования политики в области экологических платежей
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Addressing industrial air pollution in Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Luftverschmutzung ; Industrie ; Umweltabgabe ; Reform ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: Kazakhstan has recorded impressive economic growth rates since its independence, driven mainly by export of commodities and high rate of energy use. These rates are not sustainable and are generating significant air pollution, in particular from industrial stationary sources. This is putting at risk the country’s development ambitions to become one of the top global economies by 2050 and converge towards OECD living standards. Building on OECD previous analysis, this publication shows that Kazakhstan’s environmental payments (environmentally related taxes, non-compliance penalties and compensation for damage regulation) for industrial air pollutants, as currently applied, impede energy efficiency and pollution abatement with heavy-handed non-compliance responses and focus on rising revenues. They also add to the cost of doing businesses in the country with limited environmental benefit. In the spirit of the Polluter-Pays Principle, much more reforms of regulation of environmental payments are needed. This report provides guidelines for reform drawing from air pollution regulations in OECD member countries and the results of the analysis of the system in Kazakhstan carried out by the OECD in close co-operation with the Government of Kazakhstan.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264881358
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Brazil (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Brasilien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Brazil ; Brasilien ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Brazil.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264858510
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 494: Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le test d’irritation oculaire (TIO) Vitrigel est une méthode in vitro permettant d’identifier, sans essais supplémentaires, des produits chimiques testés ne nécessitant ni classification ni étiquetage pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves. L’objectif de la présente Ligne directrice est de décrire les procédures utilisées pour évaluer le potentiel d’irritation oculaire que présente un produit chimique testé en se fondant sur sa capacité́ à réduire la fonction de barrière de modèles d’épithélium cornéen humain (ECh) utilisés dans le TIO Vitrigel. Il est connu que les produits chimiques irritants pour l’œil détruisent d’abord le film lacrymal et la fonction de barrière de l’épithélium cornéen, avant d’induire la mort des cellules épithéliales et, enfin, une dégénérescence du stroma et la mort des cellules endothéliales, ce qui provoque une opacité cornéenne. Pour cette raison, les changements de la fonction de barrière de l’épithélium constituent un effet mesuré pertinent pour détecter l’irritation oculaire. Dans le test d’irritation oculaire Vitrigel, les changements dans le temps de la valeur de la résistance électrique transépithéliale (Transepithelial Electrical Resistance – TEER) révèlent une perte de la fonction de barrière de l’épithélium cornéen suite à l’exposition à un produit chimique testé. Cette situation s’apparente aux lésions observées sur la cornée de lapin après exposition à un produit chimique testé et qui constituent un mode d’action important dans le processus de lésion de l’épithélium cornéen et d’irritation oculaire. Le test d’irritation oculaire (TIO) Vitrigel peut être utilisé dans un champ d’application limité aux produits chimiques ayant un pH 〉 5.0 (sur la base d’une préparation à 2,5 % (p/v)).
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264700109
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Bulgaria (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Bulgarien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Bulgaria.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264972261 , 9789264472853 , 9789264398733
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: 2019 ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Italien ; Development ; Italy ; Italien ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Geschichte 2019
    Abstract: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review. Italy is strongly committed to multilateralism, and it uses its convening power as well as expertise in co-operation to make the country a leading voice on issues such as agriculture and cultural heritage. The country’s commitment to leaving no one behind is particularly apparent through the focus on gender and disability. However, the country would benefit from reversing the recent decline in official development assistance (ODA), building a stronger and better-skilled workforce, forming a coherent, whole-of-government approach to migration and development, and creating a system to manage for results.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264886179 , 9789264499034 , 9789264524088
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les outils de l'OCDE pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Social Protection System Review: A Toolkit
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Les effets positifs de la protection sociale sur la réduction de la pauvreté et des inégalités, ainsi que sa contribution au développement, sont largement reconnus. La mise en place d’un système intégré facilite l’offre d’un socle de protection sociale, grâce auquel les individus bénéficient d’une protection adéquate tout au long de leur cycle de vie. Pour ce faire, il s’agit non seulement de veiller à l’existence d’un éventail suffisant de programmes pour couvrir le profil de risque d’une population, mais aussi de partager les informations sur différents individus afin de s’assurer de leur rattachement au programme adéquat. L’Examen des systèmes de protection sociale compte parmi les quelques outils permettant d’analyser l’efficacité d’un pays dans la mise en place d’un système de protection sociale répondant aux besoins – tant actuels qu’à venir – de sa population. Cette boîte à outils présente différentes méthodologies pouvant être mises en œuvre quels que soient le pays, le niveau de revenu ou l’institution. Elle s’attache à proposer des recommandations stratégiques exploitables au niveau des systèmes nationaux.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264625556
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Russian Federation (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Russland ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the Russian Federation.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264613072 , 9789264370968 , 9789264343221
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Investing in Youth
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Keywords: Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: The series Investing in Youth builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. It covers both OECD countries and key emerging economies. The report on Korea presents new results from a comprehensive analysis of the situation of young people in Korea, exploiting various sources of survey-based and administrative data. It provides a detailed assessment of education, employment and social policies in Korea from an international perspective, and offers tailored recommendations to help improve the school-to-work transition. Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017), Norway (2018), and Finland and Peru (2019).
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264728035
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Switzerland (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Schweiz ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Switzerland ; Schweiz ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Switzerland, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264182707 , 9789264769441 , 9789264720473
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Tools
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Using extractive revenues for sustainable development
    Keywords: Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Rohstoffpolitik ; Rohstoffreichtum ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Transforming natural finite assets into human, social and physical capital is a key challenge for natural resource-rich countries. This report distils related lessons from the OECD Policy Dialogue on Natural Resource-based Development on natural resource revenue management and spending for sustainable development. This includes a guide on how natural resource-rich countries can ensure budget sustainability to support consistent spending over time. Further analysis focuses on the management of spending versus saving and the effectiveness of different spending mechanisms for sustainable development, making recommendations to address current challenges.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264327658
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: United States (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; USA ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; United States ; G-20-Staaten ; USA ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the United States, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264639010 , 9789264908208 , 9789264980891
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (211 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy Poland
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Polen ; Education ; Employment ; Poland
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future. Skills are central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as globalisation, technological advance and demographic change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels of skills, as well as new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities, and build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to i) develop relevant skills over the life course, ii) use skills effectively in work and in society, and iii) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Poland: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and recommends actions to make the education system more reponsive to labour market needs, foster participation in adult learning, increase the use of skills in workplaces and strengthen the governance of the skills system in Poland.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264635289
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai no. 494 : Méthode d’essai Vitrigel pour l’identification de produits chimiques ne nécessitant aucune classification ni étiquetage pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test (EIT) method is an in vitro test method that allows the identification of test chemicals not requiring classification and labelling for eye irritation or serious eye damage. This test measures the eye irritation potential of a test chemical based on its ability to induce damage to the barrier function of the human corneal epithelium (hCE) models used in the Vitrigel-EIT method. It is known that chemicals that are irritating to the eye first destroy tear film and epithelial barrier function of the eye, subsequently induce epithelial cell death, and finally produce stromal degeneration and endothelial cell death, resulting in corneal opacity. Therefore, the change of the epithelial barrier function is a relevant endpoint for detecting eye irritation. In the Vitrigel Eye Irritancy test method , time-dependent changes in the Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) values are indicative of damage to the barrier function of the corneal epithelium following exposure to a test chemical; this situation is similar to the observed damage of the rabbit cornea following exposure to a test chemical, which is an important mode of action leading to damage of the corneal epithelium and eye irritation. The Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test (EIT) method can be used within the limited applicability domain of test chemicals having pH 〉 5.0 (based on 2.5% weight/volume (w/v) preparation).
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264523531 , 9789264385139 , 9789264562165
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The survey of adult skills
    Keywords: Erwachsene ; Qualifikation ; Bildungsniveau ; Erwachsenenbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States ; OECD ; Erwachsener ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation
    Abstract: This edition of the Reader’s Companion accompanies Skills Matter: Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills that reports the results from the 39 countries and regions that participated in the 3 rounds of data collection in the first cycle of PIAAC, with a particular focus on the 6 countries that participated in the third round of the study (Ecuador, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and the United States). It describes the design and methodology of the survey and its relationship to other international assessments of young students and adults. The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in several information-processing skills – namely literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264871311 , 9789264640115 , 9789264335356
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Mesurer les activités scientifiques, technologiques et d'innovation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation, 4th Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Oslo vadovas 2018: Duomenų apie inovacijas rinkimo, teikimo ir naudojimo gairės, Ketvirtasis Leidimas Mokslinės, technologinės ir inovacinės veiklos vertinimas
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Qu'est-ce que l'innovation et comment s'y prendre pour la mesurer ? Comprendre l'échelle des activités d'innovation, les caractéristiques des entreprises innovantes, ainsi que les facteurs internes et systémiques en jeu est une condition préalable essentielle à la mise en œuvre et l'analyse des politiques destinées à stimuler l'innovation. Paru pour la première fois en 1992, le Manuel d'Oslo s'est imposé comme une référence internationale pour la collecte et l'utilisation des données sur l'innovation. Pour cette quatrième édition, le manuel a été étoffé afin de couvrir un éventail plus large de phénomènes liés à l'innovation et de tenir compte de l'expérience acquise au fil des cycles récents des enquêtes connexes réalisées dans les pays de l'OCDE, dans les économies partenaires et par d'autres organisations.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264603202
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Radioactive waste repositories are designed to be intrinsically safe in that they are not dependent on the presence or intervention of humans. In response to this challenge, the Nuclear Energy Agency initiated the Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations Initiative, calling on the international community to help create specific means to preserve RK&M. The concept of a key information file (KIF) emerged in response to the challenge presented by the large volumes of RK&M material generated by national disposal programmes. This concept has been developed into an important component of a RK&M preservation strategy. The KIF is designed to be a single, short document, produced in a standard format, with the aim of allowing society to understand the nature and intent of a repository, and thus to reduce the likelihood of unnecessary human intrusion. It should be made openly available and ultimately be widely distributed. This report describes the KIF concept in detail, in a manner that should enable those concerned with any particular repository to create their own versions. Three draft key information files, currently under development to support RK&M preservation in France, Sweden and the United States, are provided as examples.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264820456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Indonesia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Indonesien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Indonesia ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Indonesien ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung ; Besteuerungsverfahren
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Indonesia.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264865600 , 9789264608719 , 9789264935952
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Pension Systems
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of pensions systems
    Keywords: Altersvorsorge ; Lettland ; Peru ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Peru ; Peru ; Altersversorgung
    Abstract: This review assesses Peru’s pension system in its entirety, looking at both public and private, pay-as-you-go (PAYG) financed and funded pension provisions. The review then provides policy options to help tackle old-age poverty; establish a solid framework for the contributory pension system to meet its objectives; improve the coverage and level of pensions; and optimise the design and improve the regulation of the funded private pension component. A further goal of these proposals is to improve the Peruvian population’s trust that the country’s pension system will be able to deliver secure retirement income in old age. The review is the fifth in a series of country reviews of pension systems [Ireland (2014), Mexico (2016), Latvia (2018), and Portugal (2019)]. These reviews provide countries with policy options that will help them improve the functioning of their overall pension system. Tailored policy options are proposed based on the specificities of the national pension system, and on international best practices regarding reforms, design and regulation of pension systems.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264920583 , 9789264826151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD mining regions and cities case study
    Keywords: Bergbau ; Regionalentwicklung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Outokumpu ; Karelien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Finland ; Nordkarelien ; Bergbaugebiet ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: This report identifies 12 recommendations that can assist the municipality of Outokumpu and the region of North Karelia in Finland to become key players in the national mining strategy and attain sustainable economic growth by: focusing on mobilising the potential of the local mining value chain, diversifying and developing new sources of economic growth, and improving governance co-ordination. It is part of a project that is building a platform for knowledge sharing and co-operation on increasing productivity and enhancing the well-being of cities and regions with a specialisation in the mining and extractive sector (metals, minerals, and energy resources).
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264474079
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: India (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Indien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; India ; Indien ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Steuervermeidung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by India.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264360495 , 9789264763135 , 9789264583290
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reforming ISSSTESON’s Public Procurement for Sustainability
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Este estudio revisa las políticas y prácticas de compras públicas del ISSSTESON, institución que proporciona servicios pensionarios y de salud a los empleados del Gobierno del Estado de Sonora, México. También hace un análisis comparado de dichas prácticas a la luz de la Recomendación del Consejo de la OCDE sobre Contratación Pública 2015 para ayudar al Instituto a mejorar sus operaciones de compra e incrementar su eficiencia en una situación financiera difícil. Finalmente, el estudio examina la estructura de ingresos del Instituto y sugiere reformas al esquema pensionario, el cual es magnánimo en comparación con la experiencia nacional e internacional.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264840706
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Croatia 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Kroatien ; Taxation ; Croatia
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Croatia.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264790186
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (137 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Malaysia (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Malaysia ; Taxation ; Malaysia ; Bericht ; Malaysia ; Steuer ; Zollverwaltung ; Finanzbehörde
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Malaysia.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264691162
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Saudi Arabia 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Saudi-Arabien ; Taxation ; Saudi Arabia
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Saudi Arabia.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264833913 , 9789264422421 , 9789264342064
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovation, productivité et durabilité dans le secteur agricole et alimentaire : Principales conclusions des examens par pays et leçons pour l’action publique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, productivity and sustainability in food and agriculture
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Wissenschaft ; Technologie ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Markets that function well within a stable regulatory and policy environment are key to improving the productivity and sustainability of the food and agriculture sector. This report contains the main findings and policy lessons gained from a series of wide-ranging country reviews on how government policies can improve sectoral productivity and sustainability through their impact on innovation, structural change, natural resource use, and climate change. Improving the policy environment would require rolling back those policies that distort markets the most and retain farmers in uncompetitive and low-income activities, harm the environment, stifle innovation, slow structural and generational change, and weaken resilience. Agriculture policy should focus instead on measures that facilitate the uptake of technologies and practices that use resources more efficiently and sustainably, and which contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Of equal importance are: a more collaborative approach, more effective governance systems, the development of long-term strategies, strengthened linkages between national and international actors, and comprehensive and coherent evaluation procedures. Public funding of food and agricultural research is also crucial, and private efforts need to be strengthened, including through public-private partnerships. Finally, improving overall policy coherence would contribute to building trust, and to increasing policy effectiveness at each step of the food and agriculture chain.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264916784
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai no. 248 : Essai Thyroïdien sur Éleuthéro-Embryons de Xénope (XETA)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of the test is to measure the capacity of a chemical to activate or inhibit the transcription of a genetic construct (THb/ZIP-GFP X. laevis eleutheroembryos) either by binding to the thyroid hormone receptor or by modifying the amount of thyroid hormone available for transcription. The test is based on the use of a transgenic frog (possessing the genetic construction THb/ZIP-GFP) of the species X. laevis. GFP is a fluorescent protein that can be used to affirm the presence of the substance and to follow its action. This test is based on the quantification of fluorescence, and thus of the GFP protein, throughout the eleutheroembryo exposed to a test chemical. Indeed, if the fluorescence is 〉 12% by including the highest concentration of the test, the test is considered positive. Organisms are exposed in chemically inert cell culture plates (6 wells). Each well contains ten organisms in solution. In a run, 20 organisms are exposed to each test concentration. Tadpoles are exposed to the test chemical at NF stage 45 for a duration of 72 hours. A positive result of the XETA test indicates in vivo that a substance induces damage to the receptor and metabolization of the thyroid hormone. A negative result indicates that, under test conditions, the test substance does not induce detectable damage to the thyroid and its functioning.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264510180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Vanuatu (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Vanuatu ; Taxation ; Vanuatu ; Vanuatu ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Vanuatu.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282165911
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report considers the innovative use of existing infrastructure and the adoption of emerging digital technologies to optimise the use of road capacity. It focuses on using big data to identify the traffic bottlenecks in real-time and manage peak demand with innovative measures at the local and network levels. The report examines the effectiveness and efficiency of a range of instruments for active traffic demand management and also considers application issues. It includes a review of the latest road pricing technologies used in several Asian cities.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264310902 , 9789264795631 , 9789264968660
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Open Government in Tunisia: La Marsa, Sayada and Sfax
    Keywords: Governance ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse les cadres légal et institutionnel, les politiques publiques et les pratiques du gouvernement ouvert en Tunisie au niveau local. Il se base sur trois communes pilotes – La Marsa, Sayada et Sfax. Il propose des recommandations pour aider le gouvernement central à créer un environnement propice au gouvernement ouvert au niveau local. Il soutient également les efforts de ces municipalités et ceux de la société civile qui visent à établir de nouveaux mécanismes de participation, transparence et redevabilité.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264649446
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: ITF roundtable reports no. 176
    Keywords: Transportzeit ; Verkehrsökonomik ; Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report revisits the rationale and methods for estimating the value of reductions in travel time. In doing so, it considers changes in the way people use time and specifically explores whether the value of time will fall towards zero as connected technologies allow a wide range of activities while travelling. The report also reviews evidence and methodologies to account for the utility derived from such activities, as well as implications for modelling, appraisal and policy planning. It summarises the findings of an ITF Roundtable held with 30 experts from 14 countries in September 2018 in Paris.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264695467 , 9789264440586 , 9789264877429
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Supporting entrepreneurship and innovation in higher education in Italy
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Gründungsausbildung ; Unternehmensgründung ; Innovation ; Italien ; Education ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: Universities’ entrepreneurship and innovative practices are burgeoning all over Italy. Some of these practices resonate at the international level while others have a local impact. Italian higher education faces some important challenges and actions need to be taken to unleash its full potential. Promoting the entrepreneurial and innovation agenda can help Italy improve the overall performance of the higher education system, and of individual universities, in all regions. The government has started providing a strategic support to engagement, which could catalyse Italy’s innovation capacity, human capital endowment, and well-being. This review illustrates policy actions promoting the entrepreneurial and innovative activities in the Italian Higher Education System, and focuses on 11 case study universities. It discusses strategies and practices adopted by Italian higher education institutions to innovate, engage, and generate value for the society and the economy. This review is part of a series of national reports implementing the HEinnovate framework. HEinnovate is a guiding framework that the OECD and the European Commission have developed to promote the “entrepreneurial and innovation agenda” in higher education.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264516946
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ελλάδα: Προφίλ Υγείας 2019
    Keywords: 2010-2017 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Griechenland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Greece ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Greece as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264473331
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hrvatska: pregled stanja zdravlja i zdravstvene zaštite 2019
    Keywords: 2010-2017 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Kroatien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Croatia ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Croatia as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264683099
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 248: Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay (XETA)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de l’essai est de mesurer la capacité d’un produit chimique pour activer ou inhiber la transcription d’une construction génétique (THb/ZIP-GFP X. laevis eleutheroembryos) soit par liaison au récepteur de l’hormone thyroïdienne soit en modifiant la quantité de l’hormone thyroïdienne disponible pour la transcription. L’essai est basé sur l’utilisation d’une grenouille transgénique (possédant la construction génétique THb/ZIP-GFP) de l’espèce X. laevis. La GFP est une protéine fluorescente qui permet d’affirmer la présence de la substance et de suivre son action. Ce test repose sur la quantification de la fluorescence, et donc de la protéine GFP, dans l’ensemble de l’eleutheroembryon exposé au produit chimique testé. En effet, si la flurorescence est 〉 12% en incluant la plus forte concentration du test, le test est considéré comme positif. Les organismes sont exposés dans des plaques de culture cellulaire chimiquement inertes (6 puits). Chaque puits doit contenir dix organismes en solution. Dans une épreuve, 20 organismes sont exposés à chaque concentration d’essai. Les grenouilles sont exposées aux produits chimiques au stade NF45. La durée d’exposition est de 72H. Un résultat positif de l'essai XETA indique in vivo qu'une substance induit des dommages sur le récepteur et la métabolisation de l’hormone thyroïdienne. Un résultat négatif indique que, dans les conditions d'essai, le produit chimiques testé n'induit pas des dommages discernables sur la thyroïde et son fonctionnement.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264567115
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai no. 495 : Essai de Photoréactivité DRO (Dérivés réactifs de l’oxygène)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Phototoxicity is defined as a toxic response is elicited by topically or systemically administered photoreactive chemicals after the exposure of the body to environmental light. Several classes of photoreactive chemicals could cause phototoxic reactions when activated by light at otherwise non-toxic doses. Phototoxicity can be categorized as photoirritation, photoallergy, and photogenotoxicity. The purpose of this test is to measure the phototoxicity of a chemical. The main event in any phototoxic reaction is the absorption of photons of a wavelength that induces the excitation of the chromophore. Excitation energy is often transferred to oxygen molecules, followed by the generation of ROS (reactive Oxygen Species). Measurements are performed using a spectrometer. The determination of the ROS generation from irradiated chemicals with simulated sunlight is indicative of phototoxic potential.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264911024 , 9789264657632 , 9789264516151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reforma a la Contratación Pública del ISSSTESON para la Sostenibilidad
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Reforming ISSSTESON's public procurement for sustainability
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Sonora (Staat) ; Governance
    Abstract: This review analyses public procurement policies and practices of ISSSTESON, the institution providing health and pension services to the workers of the State Government of Sonora, Mexico. It benchmarks ISSSTESON practices against the 2015 Recommendation of the Council on Public Procurement to help the institute upgrade its procurement operations and increase efficiency, in a difficult financial environment. It also examines the revenue structure of the Institute and suggests reforms for the pension scheme, which is too generous compared to national and international experience.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264452329
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Argentina (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Argentinien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Argentina ; Argentinien ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Argentina.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264326842 , 9789264938854 , 9789264487161
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government in Chile
    Keywords: E-Government ; Chile ; Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: In our interactions with the people we know we don’t give any thought to the proof of their identity. When we meet someone for the first time we trust they are who they say they are. Sometimes an introduction is brokered by a mutual, trusted, acquaintance who knows both parties. However, in our transactional dealings with government there is a greater expectation – and need – to be able to prove who we are, where we live and what we can access. The provision of digital identity (DI) is critical to government ambitions for transforming the quality of public services. This study discusses Chile's experience of DI alongside a comparison of 13 OECD countries, and aims to support the Government of Chile in developing and enhancing their approach to the development of DI as a piece of core digital government infrastructure and an enabler of seamless service delivery. The study uses a framework that covers the foundations for identity in terms of existing national identity infrastructure, policies and governance, the technical solutions that have been explored, the factors which impact adoption, and the ways in which DI can empower citizens through greater control of their data, transparency and measurement of impact.
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 72
    Series Statement: Case-specific policy analysis reports
    Series Statement: Decarbonising transport
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Keywords: Fahrzeugflotte ; Konsumentenpräferenzen ; Frankreich ; Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report presents a model that helps to better understand how consumers in France choose their cars. It presents the results for different scenarios for the future development of the French vehicle fleet and projections for related CO2 emissions to 2050. The model distinguishes conventional, plug-in hybrid, battery-electric and fuel cell cars. It looks at the privately-owned as well as company car fleets and considers non-monetary factors for vehicle choice. Among these are personal preferences, the availability of recharging infrastructure for electric vehicles, and policy incentives such as subsidies or preferential vehicle use rights. The methodology and the data used for this new passenger car fleet model are described in detail.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264770065 , 9789264869721 , 9789264319837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trends and drivers of agri-environmental performance in OECD countries
    Keywords: Umweltbelastung ; Landwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development
    Abstract: This report updates the data published in the 2015 OECD Compendium of Agri-environmental Indicators to present a summary of the environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries as of end-2015. It also includes new and innovative material to further strengthen its relevance as a reference document. In particular, the four thematic chapters each cover a targeted set of indicators for which data coverage is generally more consistent across time in OECD countries and that capture the main pressures agriculture exerts on the environment. The thematic chapters cover the following areas: the interlinked issues of land use, pesticides and farmland birds; ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, the main air pollutants from agricultural activities; nitrogen and phosphorus balances, two indicators that signal air and water pollution; and water use and irrigation in agriculture.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 18(2019), 3 vom: 6. Mai, Seite 81-124 | volume:18 | year:2019 | number:3 | day:6 | month:05 | pages:81-124
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 18(2019), 3 vom: 6. Mai, Seite 81-124
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:18
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:05
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:81-124
    Keywords: Public financial management ; competency frameworks ; Professional development ; HRM process ; Governance ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: Financial management is a critical capability for governments, enabling them to deliver on their priorities and fulfil promises made to parliament and citizens. Skilled human resources are the foundation of these capabilities. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) “Skills for a high performing civil service” framework identifies professional expertise as one of the three core skill areas that drive public value, together with strategic orientation and innovation. The task of providing the civil service with the right skills to carry out financial management functions has however become more challenging.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 2 vom: 5. Aug., Seite 3-83 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:2 | day:5 | month:08 | pages:3-83
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 2 vom: 5. Aug., Seite 3-83
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:5
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:08
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:3-83
    Keywords: budget review ; budget reforms ; Greece ; Governance ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 1 vom: 31. Mai, Seite 171-197 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:1 | day:31 | month:05 | pages:171-197
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 1 vom: 31. Mai, Seite 171-197
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:05
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:171-197
    Keywords: Social Investment ; Evidence Informed Policy Making ; Performance Management ; Policy Evaluation ; Governance ; New Zealand ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This case study represents the first in a planned series of studies on the ‘The Role of Evidence Informed Policy Making in Delivering in Performance’. The case study is based on both interviews with key stakeholders and desk research. It focuses on the social investment approach in New Zealand, which is an evolving approach to thinking long-term and making informed choices on how best to improve people’s wellbeing. Social investment brings together different tools and approaches to good governance, building on the respective strengths of performance management and evidence informed policy making. At its core, social investment involves using data and evidence to understand customer needs from a person centric and long-term perspective, proposing innovative solutions that meet citizens’ needs and deliver financial savings, evaluating programmes to identify what works and what doesn’t, and publishing these results openly and feeding findings into the next set of decisions. The case study concludes with a number of recommendations for improving the social investment approach in New Zealand. These recommendations are also relevant to other jurisdictions trying to strengthen the capacity for evidence informed policy making.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 1 vom: 31. Mai, Seite 107-169 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:1 | day:31 | month:05 | pages:107-169
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 1 vom: 31. Mai, Seite 107-169
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:05
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:107-169
    Keywords: financial reporting ; accruals ; transparency ; accountability ; Ireland ; Governance ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: The OECD Review of Financial Reporting in Ireland assesses opportunities and challenges associated with adopting accruals in Ireland for government accounting. Due to issues with the comprehensiveness and legibility of the current financial reports, the Review recommends that going forward, the Irish Government establish accrual financial statements compliant with international standards for its departments and offices and harmonise accounting standards used by entities within the general government sector. The report notes that accrual data would be a “building block” for richer, more reliable fiscal information, which would, in turn, help formulate improved assumptions for fiscal forecasts and be better equipped to identify fiscal risks. Beyond the adoption of accrual accounting, this report proposes that the Irish Government considers modernising its financial reporting framework by preparing integrated reports for departments and offices and consolidated financial statements. Integrated accounts for departments and offices would provide an overview of each department’s resources and spending alongside information on their strategy and performance. This would enhance and improve scrutiny and examination of departmental performance by the Committee of Public Accounts and by the Oireachtas Sectoral Committees.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 11-40 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:3 | day:13 | month:12 | pages:11-40
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 11-40
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:11-40
    Keywords: health system ; subnational ; Decentralisation ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This article sheds light on the role of subnational governments in health systems across OECD countries. The views in this article show a move away from traditional measures of decentralisation, such as the share of subnational government expenditure of total expenditure, to measures capturing a range of responsibilities in the health sector. The data comes from the 2017 OECD Survey on Performance Measurement Systems in the Health Sector and Responsibilities across Levels of Government. The results show that despite health representing a large sector of subnational government expenditure, central governments still have considerable decision-making power. This power applies to key policy-making and budgeting decisions.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 123-130 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:3 | day:13 | month:12 | pages:123-130
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 123-130
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:123-130
    Keywords: performance ; hospitals ; budgeting ; Norway ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: In this article we give a presentation of the Norwegian quality based financing (QBF) mechanism and our experiences with this financing mechanism. The article outlines the main features of the Norwegian health care system, and its financing mechanisms. We then focus in on the QBF with a description of the system and the main considerations on which the system is based. We give a short theoretical framework on how to design quality based financing systems, and show how the consequences can vary depending on the design of the system. The Norwegian system has been evaluated, and the main findings of this evaluation is discussed together with some tentative predictions about the future developments.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264392878 , 9789264888166 , 9789264888623
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sustainable results in development
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Äthiopien ; Kenia ; Myanmar ; Development ; Ethiopia ; Kenya ; Myanmar ; Äthiopien ; Kenia ; Myanmar ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: Governments and providers of development co-operation increasingly use Sustainable Development Goal indicators to guide their policies and practices. The close examination of three large recipients of development co-operation: Ethiopia, Kenya and Myanmar across the sectors of Education, Sanitation and Energy reveals four inter-related challenges in using SDG indicators at country level. First, the cost of using specific SDG indicators varies in relation to indicator complexity – complementary investments in country statistical systems may be necessary. Second, providers synchronising their country-level results planning with partner countries find it easier to align to and measure SDG indicators together with the partner country and other providers. Third, reliance on joint monitoring approaches is helping providers reduce the cost of SDG monitoring. Finally, while disaggregating SDG data by gender and by urban-rural dimensions is common, other data disaggregation relevant to ensure that no one is left behind are rare.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789264312906
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Diretrizes da OCDE sobre Governança Corporativa de Empresas Estatais, Edição 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition: (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Насоки на ОИСР за корпоративното управление на държавните предприятия: Издание 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Leitsätze zu Corporate Governance in staatseigenen Unternehmen, Ausgabe 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance des entreprises publiques, Édition 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Smjernice OECD-a za korporativno upravljanje u poduzećima u državnom vlasništvu: Izdanje iz 2015.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD国有企業(SOE)のコーポレートガバナンス・ガイドライン, 2015年版
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Directrices de la OCDE sobre el Gobierno Corporativo de las Empresas Públicas, Edición 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Metodické pokyny OECD pro správu a řízení státem vlastněných společností, vydáno 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hướng dẫn của OECD về Quản trị Công ty trong Do anh nghiệp Nh à nước: Ấn bản 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition: (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Нова редакція інструменту ОЕСР Керівні принципи корпоративного врядування на підприємствах державної форми власності пропонує міжнародно узгоджений базовий орієнтир, що допомагає органам державної влади оцінювати та вдосконалювати виконання наданих їм функцій держави-власника на держпідприємствах. Належне корпоративне врядування на підприємствах державної форми власності є важливим пріоритетом реформування у багатьох країнах. Підвищення рівня ефективності та прозорості в державному секторі врешті даватиме значні економічні вигоди, особливо в країнах, де права власності держави є важливим аспектом. Крім цього, створення рівних умов функціонування приватних і державних підприємств стимулюватиме сталість і конкурентоспроможність у сфері підприємництва. Ухвалена у 2005 році перша версія Керівних принципів подає низку прикладів належного застосування правових і регуляторних засад держпідприємств (ДП), професійного виконання функції держави-власника та системи корпоративного врядування ДП. Цю нову редакцію рекомендацій розроблено в світлі майже десятилітнього досвіду їх реалізації, після виконання низки тематичних і порівняльних досліджень, що були розроблені на базі попередньої версії Керівних принципів і продемонстрували та довели необхідність їх перегляду, зокрема, в частині розкриття інформації та прозорості, конкуренції державних і приватних підприємств, реалізації функцій Наглядової ради ДП, а також у сфері кредитно-фінансової діяльності підприємств державної форми власності.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264749115 , 9789264644311 , 9789264859111
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2019
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les nouvelles Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les PME et l’entrepreneuriat présentent les dernières tendances en matière de performance des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME), ainsi que de l'entrepreneuriat et des conditions d’affaires pour les PME. L’édition de cette année présente des données comparatives sur le dynamisme des entreprises, la croissance de la productivité, les écarts de salaires et les exportations par taille d’entreprise dans les pays de l’OCDE et les économies émergentes. Il explore les implications potentielles de la numérisation et de la mondialisation sur les conditions de marché et l'accès des PME aux infrastructures et à des ressources stratégiques telles que le financement, les compétences, la technologie, les données et d'autres actifs de l'innovation. Le rapport fournit une analyse comparative des cadres réglementaires et des politiques visant à uniformiser les règles du jeu pour les PME et les entrepreneurs, et offre une perspective prospective sur les défis auxquels ceux-ci sont confrontés dans leurs affaires et activités. Il contient également des profils de pays décrivant les derniers développements en matière de performance et de conditions de marché pour les PME, les profils pays étant disponibles en version plus détaillée en ligne.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264365377
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: Colombia 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Colombia 2019
    Keywords: Economics ; Colombia
    Abstract: La Colombie a bien avancé sur le front économique et social au cours des deux dernières décennies. Des politiques macroéconomiques solides ont suscité la confiance, ce qui, allié à des conditions démographiques et extérieures favorables, a permis de conforter une croissance économique résiliente. Les niveaux de vie s'en sont trouvés améliorés et, conjugués à un accès plus large à l'éducation et aux prestations sociales, ont permis des progrès notables sur le plan social. Si la pauvreté a connu un net repli ces dernières années, les progrès dans la lutte contre les inégalités ont été plus modestes. Le 25 mai 2018, la Colombie a été invitée à devenir membre de l'OCDE.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264449961 , 9789264995673 , 9789264518797
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Open Government Data Report: Enhancing Policy Maturity for Sustainable Impact
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Ce rapport offre un aperçu détaillé de l’état des politiques de données ouvertes dans les pays membres de l’OCDE et de ses partenaires, se basant principalement sur les données récoltées par les enquêtes de l’OCDE sur les données publiques ouvertes en 2013, 2014 et 2016, sur celles des revues de pays et des analyses comparatives faîtes par l’OCDE. Le rapport analyse les politiques de données ouvertes en utilisant un cadre analytique conforme à l’indice OURdata sur les données publiques ouvertes, utiles et réutilisables et à la Charte internationale des données ouvertes (International Open Data Charter). Il évalue les efforts déployés par les gouvernements pour renforcer la disponibilité, l'accessibilité et la réutilisation des données publiques ouvertes. Le rapport soutient qu’au-delà de l'engagement des pays à ouvrir des données gouvernementales de qualité, la création de valeur publique nécessite la mobilisation des différentes communautés d'utilisateurs de l'ensemble de l'écosystème, tel que les journalistes, les organisations de la société civile, les entrepreneurs, les grandes entreprises technologiques privées et les universités. Le rapport souligne également le fait que les politiques de données ouvertes sont des éléments de transformations numériques plus larges et que les politiques de données du secteur public nécessitent une interaction avec d'autres programmes publics, tels que celles du gouvernement ouvert, de l'innovation, l'emploi, l'intégrité, la budgétisation publique, le développement durable, la mobilité urbaine et les transports. Il met aussi l’accent sur la pertinence de mesurer les impacts des données ouvertes afin de soutenir l'analyse de rentabilisation (i.e. le business case) des données publiques ouvertes.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264806306
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les grandes mutations qui transforment l'éducation 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trends Shaping Education 2019
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Haben Sie sich je gefragt, wie die Bildung ihren Teil dazu beitragen kann, unsere Gesellschaften auf das Zeitalter der künstlichen Intelligenz vorzubereiten? Oder welche Folgen der Klimawandel für unsere Schulen, Familien und unser gesamtes Lebensumfeld haben könnte? In Bildung, Trends, Zukunft werden große wirtschaftliche, politische, soziale und technologische Trends untersucht, die sich auf den Bildungssektor auswirken. Diesen klar gegebenen Trends stellt der Bericht eine Reihe offener Fragen gegenüber. So will er strategisches Denken unterstützen und Diskussionen über die Herausforderungen für – und Möglichkeiten von – Bildung im Kontext dieser Trends anstoßen. Dazu wird ein breites Themenspektrum rund um Globalisierung, Demokratie, Sicherheit, Bevölkerungsalterung und moderne Lebensformen betrachtet. Für die Ausgabe 2019 wurden die Inhalte aktualisiert und um zahlreiche neue Indikatoren erweitert. Die Kapitel zu den Trends und ihren Zusammenhängen mit Bildungsfragen werden durch einen neuen Abschnitt ergänzt, der sich von Methoden der strategischen Vorausschau inspiriert mit Zukunftsfragen auseinandersetzt. Dieses Buch soll Politikverantwortlichen, Wissenschaftlern, Bildungsverantwortlichen, Schulverwaltungen und Lehrkräften belastbare, nicht fachspezifische Vergleichsdaten zu internationalen Trends bieten, die sich auf die Bildung auswirken – in Schule, Studium oder Weiterbildung. Damit dürfte diese Publikation auch für Studierende, Eltern und die breite Öffentlichkeit von Interesse sein.
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