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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (68)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing  (68)
  • Philosophy (General)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319096384
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 348 p. 18 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Law and Justice 3
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Verscuren, An The Great Council of Malines in the 18th century
    DDC: 340.1
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History ; Law ; Law ; Philosophy (General) ; History
    Abstract: This work studies the Great Council of Malines as an institution. It analyzes the Council’s internal organization and staff policy, its position within the broader society of the Austrian Netherlands, the volume and nature of litigation at the Council, and its final years and ultimate demise in the late 18th and early 19th century. By means of this institutional study, this volume provides insight into the role played by the Great Council in the process of state-building in the 18th century Austrian Netherlands. While superior courts were once considered to be the prime agencies of change in the Early Modern Period, tools par excellence for the sovereigns’ striving towards centralization and superiority, their position in the 18th century has so far been barely touched upon. This work focuses specifically on the 18th century supreme court of the Austrian Netherlands, and provides a broad overview with attention to other aspects of the tribunal's functioning and to its role in 18th century attempts at state formation
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceList Of Tables, Charts and Figures -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 - Introduction -- Chapter 2 - The Face Of Justice: A Career Analysis Of The 18th Century Members Of The Great Council -- Chapter 3 - The Framework: Internal Organization And External Power Relations -- Chapter 4 - Administering Justice: Volume And Nature Of Litigation -- Chapter 5 - Closing Time: The ‘Fortunes’ Of The Great Council And Its Records At The Turn Of The Century -- Chapter 6 - Conclusion.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9783319174075
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 207 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Issues in Science and Religion: Publications of the European Society for the Study of Science and Theology
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Issues in science and theology
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Religion (General)
    Abstract: This book explores the concept of Life from a range of perspectives. Divided into three parts, it first examines the concept of Life from physics to biology. It then presents insights on the concept from the perspectives of philosophy, theology, and ethics. The book concludes with chapters on the hermeneutics of Life, and pays special attention to the Biosemiotics approach to the concept. The question ‘What is Life?’ has been deliberated by the greatest minds throughout human history. Life as we know it is not a substance or fundamental property, but a complex process. It is not an easy task to develop an unequivocal approach towards Life combining scientific, semiotic, philosophical, theological, and ethical perspectives. In its combination of these perspectives, and its wide-ranging scope, this book opens up levels and identifies issues which can serve as intersections for meaningful interdisciplinary discussions of Life in its different aspects. The book includes the four plenary lectures and selected, revised and extended papers from workshops of the 14th European Conference on Science and Theology (ECST XIV) held in Tartu, Estonia, April 2012
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I: From Physics to BiologyChapter 1: From Physics to Semiotics -- Chapter 2: Is Life Essentially Semiosis? A Commentary -- Chapter 3: Life in the open air.- Chapter 4: Reflections on Life:  Lessons from Evolutionary Biology with Insights from Sergius Bulgakov -- Chapter 5: Life in Terms of Nano-Biotechnologies -- Part II: Concepts of Life in Philosophy, Theology and Ethics -- Chapter 6: Life: an Ill-defined Relationship -- Chapter 7: Emergence, Realism, and the Good Life.- Chapter 8: Dust of the Ground and Breath of Life (Gen. 2:7): The notion of ‘life’ in ancient Israel and emergence theory -- Chapter 9: The Openness of Life: Personhood and Faith - An Infinitizer Approach -- Chapter 10: Respect for Life in the Age of Science.- Part III: The Hermeneutics of Life -- Chapter 11: Life and Consciousness: Is there a biological foundation for consciousness? -- Chapter 12: “To Research Living Beings, One Has to Participate in Life”.- Chapter 13: Signs, Science, and Religion: A Biosemiotic Mediation -- Chapter 14: Persons Knowing Life: Theological Possibilities in Michael Polanyi’s Philosophy -- Chapter 15: Life Beyond Critical Realism. Developing Huyssteen’s Transversal Approach to the Science/Theology Dialogue -- Index.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319165615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXI, 681 p. 125 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Library 4
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy, modern ; Wiener Kreis ; Wiener Kreis ; Mitglied ; Bibliografie ; Wiener Kreis ; Mitglied ; Biografie
    Abstract: This abridged and revised edition of the original book (Springer-Verlag Vienna, 2001) offers the only comprehensive history and documentation of the Vienna Circle based on new sources with an innovative historiographical approach to the study of science. With reference to previously unpublished archival material and more recent literature, it refutes a number of widespread clichés about "neo-positivism" or "logical positivism". Following some insights on the relation between the history of science and the philosophy of science, the book offers an accessible introduction to the complex subject of "the rise of scientific philosophy” in its socio-cultural background and European philosophical networks till the forced migration in the Anglo-Saxon world. The first part of the book focuses on the origins of Logical Empiricism before World War I and the development of the Vienna Circle in "Red Vienna" (with the "Verein Ernst Mach"), its fate during Austro-Fascism (Schlick's murder 1936) and its final expulsion by National-Socialism beginning with the "Anschluß" in 1938. It analyses the dynamics of the Schlick-Circle in the intellectual context of "late enlightenment" including the minutes of the meetings from 1930 on for the first time published and presents an extensive description of the meetings and international Unity of Science conferences between 1929 and 1941. The chapters introduce the leading philosophers of the Schlick Circle (e.g., Hans Hahn, Otto Neurath, Rudolf Carnap, Philipp Frank, Felix Kaufmann, Edgar Zilsel) and describe the conflicting interaction between Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath, the long term communication between Moritz Schlick, Friedrich Waismann and Ludwig Wittgenstein, as well as between the Vienna Circle with Heinrich Gomperz and Karl Popper. In addition, Karl Menger's "Mathematical Colloquium" with Kurt Gödel is presented as a parallel movement. The final chapter of this section describes the demise of the Vienna Circle and the forced exodus of scientists and intellectuals from Austria.The second part of the book includes a bio-bibliographical documentation of the Vienna Circle members and for the first time of the assassination of Moritz Schlick in 1936, followed by an appendix comprising an extensive list of sources and literature
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface to the 2nd English EditionPrologue: On the Rise of Scientific Philosophy - An Overview -- Chapter 1.The Origins of Logical Empiricism - Roots of the Vienna Circle before the First World War -- Part I: The Vienna Circle and Logical Empiricism Between The Wars - Emergence and Banishment -- Chapter 2. The Vienna Circle and Logical Empiricism in the First Republic -- Chapter 3.The Non-Public Phase of the Vienna Circle 1918-1928 -- Chapter 4.The Public Phase of the Vienna Circle: From 1929 until the “Anschluss” -- Chapter 5. Karl Menger’s Vienna Circle: The Mathematical Colloquium 1928-1936 -- Chapter 6. Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle: Thought Style and Thought Collective -- Chapter 7. Heinrich Gomperz, Karl Popper, and the Vienna Circle - Between Demarcation and Family Resemblance -- Chapter 8. The Philosophical and Political Pluralism of the Vienna Circle - The Example of Otto Neurath and Moritz Schlick -- Chapter 9. The Role of the Universities and Institutions of Adult Education - The Demise of Reason -- Chapter 10: Epilogue: The Exodus of Scientific Reason -- Part II: The Vienna Circle - The Biographical and Bibliographical Dimension -- Chapter 11: An Overview of the Vienna Circle -- Chapter 12. The Vienna Circle and its Periphery - Biographies and Bibliographies -- Chapter 13. Documentation: The Murder of Moritz Schlick -- Sources and Literature -- Index of Names.  .
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319220505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 252 p, online resource)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2015
    Series Statement: International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine 64
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. New directions in the ethics of assisted suicide and euthanasia
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Public health ; Psychology, clinical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Public health ; Psychology, clinical ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Sterbehilfe ; Medizinische Ethik
    Abstract: This book provides novel perspectives on the ethical justifiability of assisted dying. Seeking to go beyond traditional debates on topics such as the value of human life and questions surrounding intention and causation, this volume promises to shift the terrain of the ethical debates about assisted dying. It reconsiders the role of patient autonomy and paternalistic reasons as well as the part proposed for medical professionals and clinical ethics consultation in connection with assisted dying, relates the debate on assisted dying to questions about organ-donation and developments in medical technology, and demonstrates the significance of experimental philosophy in assessing questions of assisted dying. This book is ideal for advanced courses in bioethics and health care ethics
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionAssisted Dying and the Proper Role of Patient Autonomy -- Preventing Assistance to Die: Assessing Indirect Paternalism Regarding Voluntary Active Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide -- Autonomy, Interests, Justice and Active Medical Euthanasia -- Mental Illness, Lack of Autonomy, and Physician-Assisted Death -- Euthanasia for Mental Suffering -- Assisted Dying for Individuals with Dementia: Challenges for Translating Ethical Positions into Law -- Clinical Ethics Consultation and Physician Assisted Suicide -- License to Kill: A New Model for Excusing Medically Assisted Dying? -- Medically Enabled Suicides -- Saving Lives with Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: Organ Donation after Assisted Dying -- Implanted Medical Devices and End-of-Life Decisions -- Everyday Attitudes about Euthanasia and the Slippery Slope Argument.  .
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9783319209555
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 898 p. 29 illus, online resource)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2015
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 27
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Eemeren, Frans H. van, 1946 - Reasonableness and effectiveness in argumentative discourse
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philology ; Literacy ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philology ; Literacy ; Humanities
    Abstract: This volume presents 50 contributions on the themes of reasonableness and effectiveness and their connections, which are central issues in argumentation theory. It discusses van Eemeren’s views on the study of argumentation; the approach to argumentation adopted in pragma-dialectics; pragma-dialectical perspectives on the dialectical and pragmatic dimensions of argumentative discourse; the notion of strategic maneuvering; the pragma-dialectical method of analyzing argumentative discourse; the treatment of fallacies as violations of rules for critical discussion; pragma-dialectical views on context, the role of logic, verbal indicators of argumentative moves and argument schemes; and the process of writing and rewriting argumentative texts. The pragma-dialectical quantitative approach to empirical research on argumentative discourse is illustrated by reporting on selected, illustrative experimental studies, as well as qualitative studies of historical cases
    Description / Table of Contents:  ArgumentationThe language of argumentation in Dutch -- In what sense do modern argumentation theories relate to Aristotle? The case of pragma-dialectics -- Bingo! Promising developments in argumentation theory -- Argumentation studies’ five estates -- The study of argumentation as normative pragmatics -- From ideal model to situated argumentative discourse: The step-by-step development of the pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation -- The case of pragma-dialectics -- The pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation in discussion.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319102719
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 231 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Magill, Gerard, 1951 - Religious morality in John Henry Newman
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Newman, John Henry Heiliger 1801-1890 ; Moraltheologie ; Theologische Erkenntnistheorie ; Newman, John Henry Heiliger 1801-1890 ; Moraltheologie ; Theologische Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This book is a systematic study of religious morality in the works of John Henry Newman (1801-1890). The work considers Newman’s widely discussed views on conscience and assent, analyzing his understanding of moral law and its relation to the development of moral doctrine in Church tradition. By integrating Newman’s religious epistemology and theological method, the author explores the hermeneutics of the imagination in moral decision-making: the imagination enables us to interpret complex reality in a practical manner, to relate belief with action. The analysis bridges philosophical and religious discourse, discussing three related categories. The first deals with Newman’s commitment to truth and holiness whereby he connects the realm of doctrine with the realm of salvation. The second category considers theoretical foundations of religious morality, and the third category explores Newman’s hermeneutics of the imagination to clarify his view of moral law, moral conscience, and Church tradition as practical foundations of religious morality. The author explains how secular reason in moral discernment can elicit religious significance. As a result, Church tradition should develop doctrine and foster holiness by being receptive to emerging experiences and cultural change. John Henry Newman was a highly controversial figure and his insightful writings continue to challenge and influence scholarship today. This book is a significant contribution to that scholarship and the analysis and literature comprise a detailed research guide for graduates and scholars
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction. Foundations of Religious MoralityChapter 2: Truth & Holiness -- Chapter 3: Reason and Belief -- Chapter 4: Imagination and Meaning -- Chapter 5: Imagination and Theology -- Chapter 6: Moral Law -- Chapter 7: Moral Conscience. Chapter 8: Church Tradition -- Bibliography.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319211039
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 293 p. 18 illus, online resource)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2015
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 28
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Applied linguistics ; Literacy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Applied linguistics ; Literacy
    Abstract: This volume presents a selection of papers reflecting key theoretical issues in argumentation theory. Its six sections are devoted to specific themes, including the analysis and evaluation of argumentation, argument schemes, and the contextual embedding of argumentation. The section on general perspectives on argumentation discusses the trends of empiricalization, contextualization and formalization, offers descriptions of the analytical and evaluative tools of informal logic, and highlights selected principles that argumentation theorists do and do not agree upon. In turn, the section on linguistic approaches to argumentation focuses on the problem of distinguishing between explanation and argument, while also elaborating on the role of verbal indicators of argument schemes. All essays included in this volume point out notable recent developments in the study of argumentation
    Description / Table of Contents: Bingo! Promising developments in argumentation theoryWhat is informal logic? -- Towards a foundation for argumentation theory -- The agentive approach to argumentation: A proposal -- Conductive argumentation, degrees of confidence, and the communication of uncertainty -- The linked-convergent distinction -- Identifying the warrant of an argument -- Where is visual argument? -- Missed opportunities in argument evaluation -- Ubiquity, ambiguity and meta-rationality: Searching for the fallacy of composition -- Don’t feed the trolls: Straw men and iron men -- Story credibility in narrative arguments.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9783319182605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 282 p. 20 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Philosophy of Engineering and Technology 22
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Engineering ethics for a globalized world
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Engineering design ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Engineering design ; Humanities ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ingenieur ; Ethik ; Globalisierung
    Abstract: This volume identifies, discusses and addresses the wide array of ethical issues that have emerged for engineers due to the rise of a global economy. To date, there has been no systematic treatment of the particular challenges globalization poses for engineering ethics standards and education. This volume concentrates on precisely this challenge. Scholars and practitioners from diverse national and professional backgrounds discuss the ethical issues emerging from the inherent symbiotic relationship between the engineering profession and globalization. Through their discussions a deeper and more complete understanding of the precise ways in which globalization impacts the formulation and justification of ethical standards in engineering as well as the curriculum and pedagogy of engineering ethics education emerges. The world today is witnessing an unprecedented demand for engineers and other science and technology professionals with advanced degrees due to both the off-shoring of western jobs and the rapid development of non-Western countries. The current flow of technology and professionals is from the West to the rest of the world. Professional practices followed by Western (or Western-trained) engineers are often based on presuppositions which can be in fundamental disagreement with the viewpoints of non-Westerners. A successful engineering solution cannot be simply technically sound, but also must account for cultural, social and religious constraints. For these reasons, existing Western standards cannot simply be exported to other countries. Divided into two parts, Part I of the volume provides an overview of particular dimensions of globalization and the criteria that an adequate engineering ethics framework must satisfy in a globalized world. Part II of the volume considers pedagogical challenges and aims in engineering ethics education that is global in character
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPart I: Ethical Issues in a Globalized World -- Chapter 1: US Engagement in International Activity in Engineering Ethics; Rachelle Hollander -- Chapter 2: Global Engineering and National Technology Policies: Is There a Conflict?; Hal Salzman and Leonard Lynn -- Chapter 3: International Ethics and Failures: Case Studies; Norb Delatte -- Chapter 4: “Global Engineering Ethics”: Re-inventing the Wheel?; Michael Davis -- Chapter 5: Social, Cultural, Political, and Religious Constraints on Designing an Ethnical Framework for Engineering in a Global Context; Noreen Sugrue and Tim McCarthy -- Chapter 6: The Significance of Context in the Reconstitution of Notions of Moral Responsibility in Engineering Ethics; Muhammad Haris -- Chapter 7: Foundations of Global Ethics for Engineering; Peter Kilpatrick -- Chapter 8: International Ethics: A Case Study in the Construction Industry; George Wang -- Chapter 9: Engineering and Climate Change: Why the Choice of Ethical Perspective Matters; Khalid Mir -- Chapter 10: Enriching Engineering Ethics with Development Ethics: A Proposal to Draw on the CA; Ilse Oosterlaken -- Chapter 11: Importance of Professional Ethics to Information Technology; Sajjad Mohsin and Sadaf Sajjad -- Chapter 12: Resources for Overcoming the Challenges of Teaching Engineering Ethics in an International Context; Brock Barry -- Chapter 13: Responsible Conduct of Research Training for Engineers: Adapting Research Ethics Training for Engineering Graduate Students; Sara Jordan and Philip Gray -- Chapter 14: A Cross Cultural Comparison of Engineering Ethics Education: Chile and United States; Ruth I. Murrugarra and William A. Wallace -- Chapter 15: Integrating the Ethics Dimension in Undergraduate Teaching in the College of Engineering at Qatar University: Challenges and Future Outlook; Ramazan Kahraman and Majeda Khraisheh -- Chapter 16: Training Responsible Engineers for Global Contexts; William Frey -- Chapter 17: Toward a Global Engineering (Ethics) Curriculum; Eugene Moriarty.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319122656
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 207 p. 23 illus) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 118
    DDC: 610.1
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics
    Abstract: The goal of this book is to describe the mechanisms of patients’ adherence to long-term therapies, whose improvement, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), would be more beneficial than any biomedical progress. For example, approximately half of the patients do not regularly follow medical prescriptions, resulting in deleterious effects on people’s health and a strong impact on health expenditure. This book describes how our beliefs, desires, and emotions intervene in our choices concerning our health, by referring to concepts developed within the framework of the philosophy of mind. In particular, it tries to explain how we can choose between an immediate pleasure and a remote reward-preserving our health and our life. We postulate that such an “intertemporal” choice can be directed by a “principle of foresight” which leads us to give priority to the future. Just like patients’ non-adherence to prescribed medications, doctors often don’t always do what they should: They are non-adherent to good practice guidelines. We propose that what was recently described as “clinical inertia” could also represent a case of myopia: From time to time doctors fail to consider the long-term interests of their patient. Both patients’ non-adherence and doctors’ clinical inertia represent major barriers to the efficiency of care. However, it is also necessary to respect patients’ autonomy. The analysis of relationship between mind and care which is provided in this book sheds new light on the nature of the therapeutic alliance between doctor and patient, solving the dilemma between the ethical principles of beneficence and autonomy
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Preface and Acknowledgments; Contents; 1 Introduction: The Doctor, Her Patient, and Their Reasons; Abstract ; 1.1 Adherence and Nonadherence to Therapies: A Definition; 1.2 Nonadherence: How Common Is It?; 1.3 The Consequences of Nonadherence; 1.4 Scope of the Book; 1.5 Some Simple Explanations for Nonadherence; 1.6 A Typology of Adherence? Analogous or Homologous Phenomena; 1.7 The Real Question; 1.8 From Behavior to Action; 1.9 A Philosophical Understanding of Adherence to Long-Term Therapies; References; 2 The Classic View; Abstract
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.1 Determinants of Nonadherence to Long-Term Therapies2.1.1 Intrinsic Factors; 2.1.1.1 Lack of Knowledge; 2.1.1.2 Wrong Beliefs; 2.1.1.3 Biases; 2.1.1.4 The Effect of Uncertainty; 2.1.1.5 Emotions; 2.1.1.6 The Patient's Interpersonal World; 2.1.1.7 The Patient, Her Doctor and Medicine; 2.1.2 Extrinsic Factors; 2.1.2.1 The Patient with a Silent Disease; 2.1.2.2 Chronic Diseases: The Patient and Time; 2.1.2.3 Hic et Nunc: The Powerful Temptations of Advertising; 2.2 Behavioral Models of Patient Adherence; 2.2.1 The Health Belief Model
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.2.2 The Theories of Reasoned Action and of Planned Behavior2.2.3 Theory of Interpersonal Behavior; 2.2.4 Leventhal's Self-Regulatory Model; 2.2.5 Transtheoretical Model of Change; 2.2.6 The Reversal Theory; 2.3 Limitations of Psychological Models; 2.4 A New Perspective; 2.5 In Search of Mental Mechanisms in Psychology and Philosophy; 2.6 Observation, Explanation and Mechanisms; 2.7 Patient and Agent; References; 3 Intentionality; Abstract ; 3.1 What Is 'In Your Head'; 3.1.1 The Different Types of Intentional Mental States; 3.1.2 The Place of Pleasure; 3.1.3 What Mental States Do
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.1.4 Holistic Conception of the Mind3.1.5 The Background; 3.2 A Mental Puzzle and Its Formation; 3.2.1 The Necessary Incompleteness of the Mental Puzzle; 3.3 Actions; 3.3.1 Davidson's Causal Theory of Action; References; 4 An Intentionalist Model of Patient Adherence; Abstract ; 4.1 Therapeutic Agency; 4.1.1 To Take Care of Oneself or Not; 4.2 An Intentionalist Model of Adherence; 4.3 The Pivotal Role of Emotions in Patient Adherence; 4.3.1 Emotions, Boredom and Anxiety; 4.3.2 Emotions and Patient Adherence; 4.4 Bringing Action into Play: Volition; References
    Description / Table of Contents: 5 The Dynamics of IntentionalityAbstract ; 5.1 Motivational Force; 5.2 Self-control; 5.3 The Force of Habit; 5.3.1 Definition of Habit; 5.3.2 Mechanism of Habit; 5.3.3 Advantages of Habit; 5.3.3.1 Patient Adherence: Shuttling Between Habit and Deliberation; 5.3.4 Training Through Habit; 5.3.5 Adherence to Long-Term Therapies: A Habit of Action; 5.4 Intention, Decision, Resolution, and Willpower; 5.4.1 The Notions of Intention and Decision; 5.5 The Dynamics of Intentionality; 5.5.1 To Take Care of Oneself Day After Day: An Interpretation Within the Framework of a Theory of Intentionality
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.5.2 Back to the Mechanism of Habit
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9783319103266
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 291 p) , online resource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 216
    DDC: 150.192
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Consciousness
    Abstract: This volume explores the role and status of phenomena such as feelings, values, willing, and action in the domain of perception and (social) cognition, as well as the way in which they are related. In its exploration, the book takes Husserl’s lifelong project Studien zur Struktur des Bewusstseins (1909-1930) as its point of departure, and investigates these phenomena with Husserl but also beyond Husserl. Divided into two parts, the volume brings together essays that address the topics from different phenomenological, philosophical, and psychological perspectives. They discuss Husserl’s position in dialogue with historical and recent philosophical and psychological debates and develop phenomenological accounts and descriptions with the help of Geiger, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Plessner, Sartre, Scheler, Schopenhauer, and Reinach
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I : Husserl on Feeling and Value, Willing and ActionChapter 1:  „Studien zur Struktur des Bewusstseins“: Husserls Beitrag zu einer phänomenologischen Psychologie -- Chapter 2:  L’Éthique à l’Épreuve de la Raison. Critique, Système et Méthode dans les Vorlesungen über Ethik und Wertlehre (1908-1914) de E. Husserl -- Chapter 3: La fonction de l’analogie dans la fondation de l’éthique chez Husserl -- Chapter 4: Exceptional Love -- Chapter 5: Husserl and Geiger on Feelings and Intentionality -- Chapter 6: Intentionality of Moods and Horizon-Consciousness in Husserl´s Phenomenology -- Chapter 7: Husserls Phänomenologie des Habitus und der Konstitution des bleibenden Charakters -- Chapter 8: Husserl’s Conception of Cognition as Action. An Inquiry into its Prehistory -- Part II: Thinking with and beyond Husserl -- Chapter 9: Tatsache, Wert und menschliche Sensibilität: Die Brentanoschule und die Gestaltpsychologie -- Chapter 10: Are Emotions “Recollected in Tranquility”? Phenomenological Reflections on Emotions, Memory, and the Temporal Dynamics of Experience -- Chapter 11: Affectivity and Temporality in Heidegger.- Chapter 12: Phänomenologie des Mitleids. Analyse eines moralischen Gefühls im Anschluss an Husserl und Schopenhauer -- Chapter 13: Angst als fremde Macht -- Chapter 14 : Social Acts as Intersubjective Willing Actions -- Chapter 15: Leibliche Interaktionen und gemeinsame Absichten.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319127095
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 315 p. 1 illus) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Global Justice 15
    DDC: 320.01
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy
    Abstract: This book assesses the rapid transformation of the political agency of religious groups within transnational civil society under conditions of globalization weakening sovereign nation-states. It offers a synthesis of the resurgence of Jasper’s axial thesis from distinct lines of research initiated by Eisenstadt, Habermas, Taylor, Bellah, and others. It explores the concept of cosmoipolitanism from the combined perspectives of sociology of religion, critical theory, secularization theory, and evolutionary cultural anthropology. At the theoretical level, cosmoipolitanism prescribes how local, national, transnational, global, and virtual spaces ought publically to engage in transcivilizational discourse without presuming the secular assumptions tied to cosmopolitanism. Employing insights of critical theory, this book offers a micro-level analysis of the pragmatics of discourse of each axial tradition contributing to the role of religion within multiple modernities. While circumscribing the particular historical limits of each tradition, the book extends their internal claims to species universality in light of the potential for boundless communication Jaspers saw initiated with the Axial Age. In Jon Bowman's novel and important work, he rethinks the challenges of global justice. Bowman is not just concerned with global justice in the modern world, but with a genealogy that begins with a better understanding of the Axial age, one that is also the unique signature of cosmoi-political institutions. Arguing with depth and precision, Bowman challenges Kantian and Rawlsian universalism. His argument provides a new interpretation of cosmopolitan justice as he explores the deeper roots of cosmopolitan justice. James Bohman Saint Louis University Jon Bowman’s Cosmoipolitan Justice is an important, innovative and timely work. Construing globality in terms of pervasive conditions of worldwide interdependence, Bowman advances a decidedly pluralistic account of cosmopolitanism, one uniquely shaped by recent theories of multiple modernities. His analysis is sustained by a highly informed appropriation of such diverse thinkers as Theodor Adorno, Abudullah An-Naim, Talad Asad, Schmuel Eisenstadt, Jürgen Habermas, Karl Jaspers, John Rawls, Amartya Sen, and Charles Taylor. One special feature is the book’s synthesis of research on global governance with that on post-secularity and the place of religion in the public sphere. On this basis Bowman presents a distinctive ac ...
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgementsChapter 1 Introduction-Why Cosmoipolitan Justice? Species-Ethics and the Competing Ecumene of the Axial Age -- Part I: Axial Period One-the Great World Religions.-  Chapter 2 Extending the Dialectics of Secularization Eastward: Scriptural Hermeneutics and Discursive Insights from Hindu, Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist Philosophy of Language -- Chapter 3 Jasper’s Axial Prophesy Fulfilled? The Origin and Return of Biblical Religion, Abrahamic Hermeneutics, and the Second Person -- Part II: Axial Period Two-Multiple Modernities -- Chapter 4 Whose Justice? Which Modernity?  Taylor and Habermas on European versus American Exceptionalism -- Chapter 5 The Fiction of a European Secular Modernity: Rationalists, Romantics, and Multiple Modernists -- Part III: Axial Period Three-the Postsecular Turn -- Chapter 6 Conclusion-Western vs. Eastern Replies to the Inverse Economic Pyramid: Innovation, Development, and the Material Future of Cosmoipolitan Justice -- Index.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319166551
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 301 p. 17 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 313
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Romanian studies in philosophy of science
    DDC: 501
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Naturwissenschaften ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This book presents a collection of studies by Romanian philosophers, addressing foundational issues currently debated in contemporary philosophy of science. It offers a historical survey of the tradition of scientific philosophy in Romania. It examines some problems in the foundations of logic, mathematics, linguistics, the natural and social sciences. Among the more specific topics, it discusses scientific explanation, models, and mechanisms, as well as memory, artifacts, and rules of research. The book is useful to those interested in the philosophy of real science, but also to those interested in Romanian philosophy
    Description / Table of Contents: PART A: SCIENTIFIC PRACTICES AND PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSChapter 1: The Tradition of Scientific Philosophy in Romania; Ilie Pârvu -- Chapter 2: What Ought to be Done and What is Forbidden: Rules of Scientific Research as Categorical or Hypothetical Imperatives; Mircea Flonta -- PART B: MIND, LANGUAGE, AND TECHNOLOGY -- Chapter 3: Memory as Window on the Mind; Radu Bogdan -- Chapter 4: A Momentous Triangle: Ontology, Methodology and Phenomenology in the Philosophy of Language; Manuela Ungureanu -- Chapter 5: On Rule Embedding Artifacts; Gheorghe Ştefanov -- Chapter 6: Issues in Modeling Open-Ended Evolution; Andreea Eșanu -- PART C: LOGIC, SEMANTICS, AND SOCIAL CHOICE -- Chapter 7: On a Combination of Truth and Probability: Probabilistic Independence-Friendly Logic; Gabriel Sandu -- Chapter 8: A Remark on a Relational Version of Robinson’s Arithmetic Q; Mihai Ganea -- Chapter 9: The Simple Majority Rule in a Three-Valued Logic Framework; Adrian Miroiu -- Chapter 10: A Free Logic for Fictionalism; Mircea Dumitru -- PART D: QUANTUM PHENOMENA, SCIENTIFIC REALISM, AND EMERGENCE -- Chapter 11:Quantum Mechanics: Knocking at the Gates of Mathematical Foundations; Radu Ionicioiu -- Chapter 12: The Quantum Vacuum; Sorin Paraoanu -- Chapter 13: Structural Pluralism and S-dualities: A Project in String Realism; Ioan Muntean -- Chapter 14: The Prospects for Fusion Emergence; Alexandru Manafu -- PART E: EXPLANATION, MODELS, AND MECHANISMS -- Chapter 15: Scientific Progress, Understanding, and Unification; Sorin Bangu -- Chapter 16: When is a Mechanistic Explanation Satisfactory? Reductionism and Antireductionism in the Context of Mechanistic Explanations; Tudor Baetu -- Chapter 17: Causal and Mechanistic Explanations, and a Lesson from Ecology; Viorel Pâslaru -- Chapter 18: Against Harmony: Infinite Idealization and Causal Explanation; Iulian D. Toader.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9783319143491
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 226 p. 11 illus., 1 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 310
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 501
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy
    Abstract: This highly multidisciplinary collection discusses an increasingly important topic among scholars in science and technology studies: objectivity in science. It features eleven essays on scientific objectivity from a variety of perspectives, including philosophy of science, history of science, and feminist philosophy. Topics addressed in the book include the nature and value of scientific objectivity, the history of objectivity, and objectivity in scientific journals and communities. Taken individually, the essays supply new methodological tools for theorizing what is valuable in the pursuit of objective knowledge and for investigating its history. The essays offer many starting points, while suggesting new avenues of research. Taken collectively, the essays exemplify the very virtues of objectivity that they theorize-in reading them together, the reader can sense various anxieties about the dangerously subjective in our age and locate commonalities of concern as well as differences of approach. As a result, the volume offers an expansive vision of a research community seeking a communal understanding of its own methods and its own epistemic anxieties, struggling to enunciate the key problems of knowledge of our time and offer insight into how to overcome them
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Jonathan Y. Tsou, Alan Richardson and Flavia PadovaniPART I: POSITIONS ON OBJECTIVITY IN CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STUDIES -- Chapter 1: Let’s Not Talk about Objectivity; Ian Hacking -- Chapter 2: Objectivity for Sciences from Below; Sandra Harding -- Chapter 3: The Journalist, the Scientist, and Objectivity; Peter Galison -- PART II: OBJECTIVITY AS A TOPIC IN HISTORICAL EPISTEMOLOGY -- Chapter 4: The Ethos of Critique in German Idealism; Joan Steigerwald -- Chapter 5: The Physiology of the Sense Organs and Early Neo-Kantian Conceptions of Objectivity: Helmholtz, Lange, Liebmann; Scott Edgar -- Chapter 6: Seeing and Hearing: Charcot, Freud and the Objectivity of Hysteria; Paolo Savoia -- Chapter 7: Objectivities in Print; Alex Csiszar -- PART III: SECURING OBJECTIVITY IN SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS AND COMMUNITIES -- Chapter 8: Objectivity, Intellectual Virtue, and Community; Moira Howes -- Chapter 9: A Plurality of Pluralisms: Collaborative Practice in Archaeology; Alison Wylie -- Chapter 11: The View from Here and There: Objectivity and the Rhetoric of Breast Cancer; Judy Segal.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9783319186009
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 171 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 21
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Philosophy (General) ; Computer science ; Social Sciences ; Social sciences ; Philosophy (General) ; Computer science
    Abstract: The book examines the emerging approach of using qualitative methods, such as interviews and field observations, in the philosophy of science. Qualitative methods are gaining popularity among philosophers of science as more and more scholars are resorting to empirical work in their study of scientific practices. At the same time, the results produced through empirical work are quite different from those gained through the kind of introspective conceptual analysis more typical of philosophy. This volume explores the benefits and challenges of an empirical philosophy of science and addresses questions such as: What do philosophers gain from empirical work? How can empirical research help to develop philosophical concepts? How do we integrate philosophical frameworks and empirical research? What constraints do we accept when choosing an empirical approach? What constraints does a pronounced theoretical focus impose on empirical work? Nine experts discuss their thoughts and empirical results in the chapters of this book with the aim of providing readers with an answer to these questions.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I FoundationsPart II Case Studies -- Part III Empirical Philosophy of Science and HPS.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319094564
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 66 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Religious Studies 2
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Webb, Mark Owen A comparative doxastic-practice epistemology of religious experience
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Religiöse Erfahrung ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Religiöse Erfahrung ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This book takes a theoretical enterprise in Christian philosophy of religion and applies it to Buddhism, thus defending Buddhism and presenting it favorably in comparison. Chapters explore how the claims of both Christianity and Theravada Buddhism rest on people’s experiences, so the question as to which claimants to religious knowledge are right rests on the evidential value of those experiences. The book examines mysticism and ways to understand what goes on in religious experiences, helping us to understand whether it is good grounds for religious belief. The author argues that religious language in both Christian and Buddhist traditions is intelligible as factual discourse, and so reports of mystical experience are true or false. The book contends that those experiences can be fruitfully thought of as perceptual in kind and that they are therefore good prima facie grounds for religious belief, in the absence of defeating conditions. The work goes on to explore Christian and Buddhist testimony and how the likelihood of self-deception, self-delusion, imaginative elaboration and the like constitutes a defeating condition. It is shown that this defeater has less scope for operation in the Buddhist case than in the Christian case, and therefore Theravada Buddhism is better grounded. This work will appeal to students and scholars of philosophy and philosophy of religion, and those interested in the study of religious experience
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: The Diversity ProblemChapter 2: The Cognitivity of Religious Language -- Chapter 3: Religious Experience as Perceptual -- Chapter 4: The Justificatory Force of Religious Experience -- Chapter 5: Buddhist Testimony and Christian Testimony.          .
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9783319171098
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 125 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 37
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Benis-Sinaceur, Hourya Functions and generality of logic
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Dedekind, Richard 1831-1916 ; Logik ; Mathematik ; Lagrange, Joseph Louis de 1736-1813 ; Frege, Gottlob 1848-1925 ; Funktion ; Logik ; Frege, Gottlob 1848-1925 ; Russell, Bertrand 1872-1970 ; Ramsey, Frank Plumpton 1903-1930 ; Funktion ; Logik
    Abstract: This book examines three connected aspects of Frege’s logicism: the differences between Dedekind’s and Frege’s interpretation of the term ‘logic’ and related terms and reflects on Frege’s notion of function, comparing its understanding and the role it played in Frege’s and Lagrange’s foundational programs. It concludes with an examination of the notion of arbitrary function, taking into account Frege’s, Ramsey’s and Russell’s view on the subject. Composed of three chapters, this book sheds light on important aspects of Dedekind’s and Frege’s logicisms. The first chapter explains how, although he shares Frege’s aim at substituting logical standards of rigor to intuitive imports from spatio-temporal experience into the deductive presentation of arithmetic, Dedekind had a different goal and used or invented different tools. The chapter highlights basic dissimilarities between Dedekind’s and Frege’s actual ways of doing and thinking. The second chapter reflects on Frege’s notion of a function, in comparison with the notions endorsed by Lagrange and the followers of the program of arithmetization of analysis. It remarks that the foundational programs pursued by Lagrange and Frege are crucially different and based on a different idea of what the foundations of mathematics should be like. However, despite this contrast, the notion of function plays similar roles in the two programs, and this chapter emphasizes the similarities. The third chapter traces the development of thinking about Frege’s program in the foundations of mathematics, and includes comparisons of Frege’s, Russell’s and Ramsey’s views. The chapter discusses earlier papers written by Hintikka, Sandu, Demopoulos and Trueman. Although the chapter’s main focus is on the notion of arbitrary correlation, it starts out by discussing some aspects of the connection between this notion and Dedekind Theorem
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Is Dedekind a logicist?; Hourya Benis SinaceurChapter 2: Functions and Expressions; Marco Panza -- Chapter 3: Frege, Russell, Ramsey on arbitrary functions; Gabriel Sandu.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9783319173269
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XL, 390 p. 7 illus., 2 illus. in color, online resource)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2015
    Series Statement: Advances in Mental Health and Addiction
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Women's mental health
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Developmental psychology ; Psychology ; Social work ; Migration ; Psychology, clinical ; Sociology ; Philosophy (General) ; Social work ; Migration ; Psychology, clinical ; Developmental psychology
    Abstract: Part I: Structural Determinants of Women’s Mental Health -- Employment, Poverty, Disability and Gender: A Rights Approach for Women with Disabilities in India, Nepal and Bangladesh -- The Mental Health of Health Care Workers - A Woman’s Issue? -- What women want, what they get. Gap analysis in Pakistan of mental health services, polices, and research -- Perspectives on Violence Against Women: Social, Health, and Societal Consequences of Inter-Partner Violence -- Part II: Community, Social Support, and Women’s Mental Health -- Stress, Social Support and Depression in Arab Muslim Immigrant Women in the Detroit Area of the United States -- Social Factors Affecting the Well-being and Mental Health of Elderly Iranian Immigrant Women in Canada -- The Resettlement Blues: The Role of Social Support in Newcomer Women’s Mental Health -- Reflections on current societal and social context of women’s mental health in Italy -- Part III: Health and Social Services, Resistance, and Women’s Mental Health -- Women’s Benzodiazepine Abuse: A Psychoanalytic -- Unrecoverable? Prescriptions and Possibilities for Eating Disorder Recovery Approach -- Impact of gender-based aggression on women’s mental health in Portugal -- Somatization as a Major Mode of Expression of Psychological Distress in Familial and Interpersonal Relationships among Iranian Women -- Part IV: Displacement, Migration, Resettlement, and Women’s Mental Health -- Mental Health and Resilience of Young African Women Refugees in an Urban Context -- Mental Health in Non-Korean Women Residing in South Korea Following Marriage to Korean Men -- The Gender Gap in Mental Health: Immigrants in Switzerland -- Focusing on Resilience in Canadian Immigrant Mothers’ Mental Health -- Reinventing myself: a search for identity as an immigrant woman in my journey from Brazil to Canada -- Part V: Poverty, Marginalization, and Women’s Mental Health -- Women living with homelessness: They are (almost) invisible -- Exploring women’s mental health at the intersections of aging, racialization and low socioeconomic status -- The social construction of mental health inequities experienced by mothers who are socioeconomically disadvantaged during early motherhood: A Canadian Perspective -- Part VI: Motherhood, Resilience, and Women’s Mental Health -- Interacting Individual, Social and Cultural Factors in Black Mothers Resilience Building Following Loss to Gun Violence in Canada -- Antenatal Depression in Immigrant Women: A Culturally Sensitive Prevention Program in Geneva (Switzerland) -- Community Resilience and Community Interventions for Post-Natal Depression: Reflecting on Maternal Mental Health in Rwanda -- Mothering Bereaved Children after Perinatal Death: Implications for Women’s and Children’s Mental Health in Canada
    Abstract: This book analyzes systemic problems affecting women's mental health--social inequities, marginalization, racism, and displacement among them--and proposes holistic real-world approaches to practice and policy. Women’s experiences from around the globe are examined including Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, India, Iran, Italy, Ivory Coast, Nepal, Pakistan, Portugal, Rwanda, Senegal, South Korea, Switzerland, and the United States. Together, the chapters in this book deepen our understanding of the intersections of gender, race, culture, age, class, immigration status, and motherhood. Ongoing issues such as violence against women, maternal depression, eating disorders, and the stressors affecting female health care workers are discussed in familial and societal contexts. Contributors from a range of disciplines also identify relevant mental health assets including resilience, social support, and culturally-based healing, and suggest changes that sectors and systems must make to recognize women’s diversity and develop and implement appropriate policies and services. Included in the international and interdisciplinary coverage: Structural Determinants of Women’s Mental Health Community, Social Support, and Women’s Mental Health Health and Social Services, Resistance, and Women’s Mental Health Displacement, Migration, Resettlement, and Women’s Mental Health Poverty, Marginalization, and Women’s Mental Health Motherhood, Resilience, and Women’s Mental Health At a time when barriers to women's well-being are recognized as a global health crisis, Women's Mental Health is a profound source of information for researchers in psychology, public health, and educational policy
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Foreword""; ""Introduction: A Systems Approach to Women's Mental Health""; ""Resistance and Resilience Go Hand in Hand""; "" Part I: Structural Determinants of Women's Mental Health""; "" Part II: Community, Social Support, and Women's Mental Health""; "" Part III: Health and Social Services, Resistance, and Women's Mental Health""; "" Part IV: Displacement, Migration, Resettlement, and Women's Mental Health""; "" Part V: Poverty, Marginalization, and Women's Mental Health""; "" Part VI: Motherhood, Resilience, and Women's Mental Health""
    Description / Table of Contents: "" A Positive Future for Women's Mental Health If All Systems Work Together""""Acknowledgments""; ""Contents""; ""Contributors""; ""Part I: Structural Determinants of Women's Mental Health""; ""Chapter 1: Employment, Poverty, Disability and Gender: A Rights Approach for Women with Disabilities in India, Nepal and Bangladesh""; ""Introduction""; "" Review of Literature""; ""India""; "" Nepal""; "" Bangladesh""; "" Barriers to Employment""; "" Opportunities""; "" Discussion""; "" Implications""; "" Response #1""; "" Response #2""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Acknowledgments We would like to thank the Nepal Disabled Women's Association and the Women with Disabilities Development Foundation of Bangladesh for sending us their research and reports to contribute to the knowledge shared in this chapter. We would li""""Chapter 2: The Mental Health of Health Care Workers: A Woman's Issue?""; ""Introduction""; "" The Evidence for a Focus on the Mental Health of Health Care Workers""; "" The Evidence That the Mental Health of Health Care Workers Is a Women's Issue""; "" Discussion""; "" Implications""; "" Response""; ""Research Gaps""
    Description / Table of Contents: "" The Role of Unions""""Irene Jansen I work as an Equality Officer at the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE) and have worked a lot with our health care membership. CUPE represents roughly 190,000 health care workers, over 80 % of them women. References""; ""Chapter 3: Social and Societal Context of Women's Mental Health, What Women Want, What They Get: Gap Analysis in Pakistan of Mental Health Services, Polices and Research""; ""Introduction""; "" Evolution of Mental Health Care in Pakistan""; "" Mental Health Research in Pakistan""; "" Women's Understanding of Mental Health""
    Description / Table of Contents: "" Discussion and Framework for Advancing Mental Health of Women"""" Conclusion""; "" Response #1""; "" Response #2""; ""References""; ""Chapter 4: Perspectives on Violence Against Women: Social, Health, and Societal Consequences of Inter-partner Violence""; ""Introduction""; "" Literature Review""; ""The 'What' of Inter-partner Violence""; "" Non-lethal Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)""; "" Intimate Partner Femicide""; "" The "Why" of Intimate Partner Violence""; "" Why Don't Battered Women Leave the Abusive Relationship?""; "" Health Costs and Consequences of Inter-partner Violence""
    Description / Table of Contents: "" Discussion""
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Structural Determinants of Women’s Mental HealthEmployment, Poverty, Disability and Gender: A Rights Approach for Women with Disabilities in India, Nepal and Bangladesh -- The Mental Health of Health Care Workers - A Woman’s Issue? -- What women want, what they get. Gap analysis in Pakistan of mental health services, polices, and research -- Perspectives on Violence Against Women: Social, Health, and Societal Consequences of Inter-Partner Violence -- Part II: Community, Social Support, and Women’s Mental Health -- Stress, Social Support and Depression in Arab Muslim Immigrant Women in the Detroit Area of the United States -- Social Factors Affecting the Well-being and Mental Health of Elderly Iranian Immigrant Women in Canada -- The Resettlement Blues: The Role of Social Support in Newcomer Women’s Mental Health -- Reflections on current societal and social context of women’s mental health in Italy -- Part III: Health and Social Services, Resistance, and Women’s Mental Health -- Women’s Benzodiazepine Abuse: A Psychoanalytic -- Unrecoverable? Prescriptions and Possibilities for Eating Disorder Recovery Approach -- Impact of gender-based aggression on women’s mental health in Portugal -- Somatization as a Major Mode of Expression of Psychological Distress in Familial and Interpersonal Relationships among Iranian Women -- Part IV: Displacement, Migration, Resettlement, and Women’s Mental Health -- Mental Health and Resilience of Young African Women Refugees in an Urban Context -- Mental Health in Non-Korean Women Residing in South Korea Following Marriage to Korean Men -- The Gender Gap in Mental Health: Immigrants in Switzerland -- Focusing on Resilience in Canadian Immigrant Mothers’ Mental Health -- Reinventing myself: a search for identity as an immigrant woman in my journey from Brazil to Canada -- Part V: Poverty, Marginalization, and Women’s Mental Health -- Women living with homelessness: They are (almost) invisible -- Exploring women’s mental health at the intersections of aging, racialization and low socioeconomic status -- The social construction of mental health inequities experienced by mothers who are socioeconomically disadvantaged during early motherhood: A Canadian Perspective -- Part VI: Motherhood, Resilience, and Women’s Mental Health -- Interacting Individual, Social and Cultural Factors in Black Mothers Resilience Building Following Loss to Gun Violence in Canada -- Antenatal Depression in Immigrant Women: A Culturally Sensitive Prevention Program in Geneva (Switzerland) -- Community Resilience and Community Interventions for Post-Natal Depression: Reflecting on Maternal Mental Health in Rwanda -- Mothering Bereaved Children after Perinatal Death: Implications for Women’s and Children’s Mental Health in Canada.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9783319198156
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 275 p. 5 illus, online resource)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2015
    Series Statement: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 23
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Science Philosophy ; Computer simulation ; Physics ; Engineering ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Science Philosophy ; Computer simulation ; Physics ; Engineering
    Abstract: This book seeks to arrive at a better understanding of the relationships between the objective and subjective aspects of time. It discusses the existence of fluent time, a controversial concept in many areas, from philosophy to physics. Fluent time is understood as directional time with a past, a present, and a future. We experience fluent time in our lives and we adopt a temporal perspective in our ways of knowing and acting. Nevertheless, the existence of fluent time has been debated for both philosophical and scientific reasons, thus creating a rift between the subjective and objective aspects of time. Starting from the basic notion of points of view, or perspectives, this book explores the relationships between objective or external time, as it has been conceptualized by science, and subjective or internal time, which is involved in our lived experiences. It establishes a general framework encompassing the nature, structure and mode of existence of points of view, in which the objective and subjective aspects of time can be integrated. The book mainly addresses researchers and postgraduates in philosophy and logic. Additionally, it offers inspiration for physicists and computer scientists involved in the modeling and simulation of complex behaviors for which the representation of internal time should be considered together with the notion of objective, external time.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Notion of Point of ViewObjective and Subjective Aspects of Points of View -- Temporal Aspects of Points of View -- Fluent Time, Minds and Points of View -- Branching Time Structures and Points of View -- Change, Event, and Temporal Points of View -- Grounding Qualitative Dimensions -- Kinds, Laws, and Perspectives -- Synchronic and Diachronic Luck -- Presentism, Non-Presentism, and the Possibility of Time Travel.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319051017
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 222 p. 35 illus., 7 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Neurosciences ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Developmental biology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Neurosciences ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Developmental biology
    Abstract: This contributed volume aims to reconsider the concept of individuation, clarifying its articulation with respect to contemporary problems in perceptual, neural, developmental, semiotic and social morphogenesis. The authors approach the ontogenetical issue by taking into account the morphogenetical process, involving the concept of individuation proposed by Gilbert Simondon and Gilles Deleuze. The target audience primarily comprises experts in the field but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students. The challenge of the genesis and constitution of “units” has always been at the center of philosophical and scientific research. This ontogenetical issue is common to every discipline but it is articulated in different ways: in phenomenology of perception the constitution of perceptual units is at the base of gestalt field theories, in theoretical neuroscience synchronized neural assemblies are considered as correlates of conscious processes, in developmental embryogenesis the constitution of organs is the principle outcome of morphodynamic evolution while in social morphogenesis the constitution of coherent units is common to segmentary, gerarchic and functional differentiation
    Description / Table of Contents: Part one: Rethinking Individuation and morphogenesisPart two: Morphologies, culture, and spaces -- Part three: Immanence in semiotics.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319052816
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 154 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 24
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Vitz, Rico Reforming the art of living
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Ethics ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy, modern ; Descartes, René 1596-1650 ; Lebensführung ; Tugendethik ; Glaube ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Descartes, René 1596-1650 ; Tugend ; Ethik ; Descartes, René 1596-1650 ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Naturphilosophie ; Religionsphilosophie
    Abstract: Descartes’s concern with the proper method of belief formation is evident in the titles of his works-e.g., The Search after Truth, The Rules for the Direction of the Mind, and The Discourse on Method of rightly conducting one’s reason and seeking the truth in the sciences. It is most apparent, however, in his famous discussions, both in the Meditations and in the Principles, of one particularly noteworthy source of our doxastic errors-namely, the misuse of one’s will. What is not widely recognized, let alone appreciated and understood, is the relationship between his concern with belief formation and his concern with virtue. In fact, few seem to realize that Descartes regards doxastic errors as moral errors and as sins both because such errors are intrinsically vicious and because they entail notably deleterious social consequences. Reforming the Art of Living seeks to rectify this rather common oversight in two ways. First, it aims to elucidate the nature of Descartes’s account of virtuous belief formation. Second, it aims both (i) to illuminate the social significance of Descartes’s philosophical program as it relates to the understanding and practice not of science, but of religion and (ii) to develop a kind of Leibnizian critique of this aspect of his program. More specifically, it aims to show that Descartes’s project is “dangerous,” insofar as it is subversive not only of traditional Christianity but also of other traditional forms of religion, both in theory and in practice
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgementsIntroduction -- Cartesian Meditation and the Pursuit of Virtue -- The Cartesian Framework -- Morality as a Cosmopolitan Art -- Virtuous Belief Formation -- Virtue, Volition, and Judgment -- Natural Beatitude and Religious Reform -- The Subversion of Traditional Christianity -- Conclusion -- Bibliography.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319088853
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 362 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 50
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology
    Abstract: This book develops a philosophico-methodological analysis of prediction and its role in economics. Prediction plays a key role in economics in various ways. It can be seen as a basic science, as an applied science, and in the application of this science. First, it is used by economic theory in order to test the available knowledge. In this regard, prediction has been presented as the scientific test for economics as a science. Second, prediction provides a content regarding the possible future that can be used for prescription in applied economics. Thus, it can be used as a guide for economic policy, i.e., as knowledge concerning the future to be employed for the resolution of specific problems. Third, prediction also has a role in the application of this science in the public arena. This is through the decision-making of the agents - individuals or organizations - in quite different settings, both in the realm of microeconomics and macroeconomics. Within this context, the research is organized in five parts, which discuss relevant aspects of the role of prediction in economics: I) The problem of prediction as a test for a science; II) The general orientation in methodology of science and the problem of prediction as a scientific test; III) The methodological framework of social sciences and economics: Incidence for prediction as a test; IV) Epistemology and methodology of economic prediction: Rationality and empirical approaches; and V) Methodological aspects of economic prediction: From description to prescription. Thus, the book is of interest for philosophers and economists as well as policy-makers seeking to ascertain the roots of their performance. The style used lends itself to a wide audience.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: The Problem of Scientific Prediction and its Role in EconomicsPart I: The Problem of Prediction as A Test For A Science -- Chapter 1: The Philosophico-Methodological Standpoint: The Issue of Prediction as a Requisite for Science -- Chapter 2: Characterization of Scientific Prediction and its Kinds in Economics -- Part II: The General Orientation in Methodology of Science and The Problem of Prediction As A Scientific Test -- Chapter 3: Falsificationism and the Methodological Levels on Prediction -- Chapter 4: Prediction and Novel Facts in the Methodology of Scientific Research Programs -- Part III: The Methodological Framework of Social Sciences and Economics: Incidence for Prediction as A Test -- Chapter 5: From Erklären-Verstehen to Prediction-Understanding: The Methodological Framework for Prediction in Economics within Social Sciences -- Chapter 6: Methodological Approaches within Economics: The Perspectives on Prediction of Some Nobel Prize Winners -- Chapter 7: The Problem of Prediction in Economics from the Perspective of Action Theory -- Part IV: Epistemology And Methodology Of Economic Prediction: Rationality And Empirical Approaches -- Chapter 8: Rationality in Economics and Scientific Prediction: The Role of Economic Rationality in Prediction -- Chapter 9: Rationality and Prediction in Experimental Economics: An Analysis of Reinhard Selten's Approach -- Part V: Methodological Aspects Of Economic Prediction: From Description to Prescription -- Chapter 10: Methods of Prediction in Economics -- Chapter 11: Evaluation and Limits of Prediction in Economics -- Chapter 12: The Relation between Prediction and Prescription in Economics -- Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Subject Index.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319100319
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 327 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 35
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Atten, Mark van, 1973 - Essays on Gödel's reception of Leibniz, Husserl, and Brouwer
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Brouwer, Luitzen E. J. 1881-1966 ; Rezeption ; Gödel, Kurt 1906-1978 ; Mathematik ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This volume tackles Gödel's two-stage project of first using Husserl's transcendental phenomenology to reconstruct and develop Leibniz' monadology, and then founding classical mathematics on the metaphysics thus obtained. The author analyses the historical and systematic aspects of that project, and then evaluates it, with an emphasis on the second stage. The book is organised around Gödel's use of Leibniz, Husserl and Brouwer. Far from considering past philosophers irrelevant to actual systematic concerns, Gödel embraced the use of historical authors to frame his own philosophical perspective. The philosophies of Leibniz and Husserl define his project, while Brouwer's intuitionism is its principal foil: the close affinities between phenomenology and intuitionism set the bar for Gödel's attempt to go far beyond intuitionism. The four central essays are `Monads and sets', `On the philosophical development of Kurt Gödel', `Gödel and intuitionism', and `Construction and constitution in mathematics'. The first analyses and criticises Gödel's attempt to justify, by an argument from analogy with the monadology, the reflection principle in set theory. It also provides further support for Gödel's idea that the monadology needs to be reconstructed phenomenologically, by showing that the unsupplemented monadology is not able to found mathematics directly. The second studies Gödel's reading of Husserl, its relation to Leibniz' monadology, and its influence on his published writings. The third discusses how on various occasions Brouwer's intuitionism actually inspired Gödel's work, in particular the Dialectica Interpretation. The fourth addresses the question whether classical mathematics admits of the phenomenological foundation that Gödel envisaged, and concludes that it does not. The remaining essays provide further context. The essays collected here were written and published over the last decade. Notes have been added to record further thoughts, changes of mind, connections between the essays, and updates of references
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. IntroductionPart I Gödel and Leibniz -- Chapter 2 A note on Leibniz’s argument against infinite wholes -- Chapter 3. Monads and sets: on Gödel, Leibniz, and the Reflection Principle -- Chapter 4. Gödel’s Dialectica Interpretation and Leibniz -- Part II Gödel and Husserl -- Chapter 5. Phenomenology of mathematics -- Chapter 6. On the philosophical development of Kurt Gödel (with Juliette Kennedy) -- Chapter 7. Gödel, mathematics, and possible worlds -- Chapter 8. Two draft letters from Gödel on self-knowledge of Reason -- Part III Gödel and Brouwer -- Chapter 9. Gödel and Brouwer: two rivalling brothers -- Chapter 10. Mysticism and mathematics: Brouwer, Gödel, and the common core thesis (with Robert Tragesser) -- Chapter 11. Gödel and intuitionism -- Part IV A partial assessment -- Chapter 12. Construction and constitution in mathematics.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319184791
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 221 p. 14 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 20
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Engineering ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Engineering
    Abstract: The book shows how eastern and western perspectives and conceptions can be used to addresses recent topics laying at the crossroad between philosophy and cognitive science. It reports on new points of view and conceptions discussed during the International Conference on Philosophy and Cognitive Science (PCS2013), held at the Sun Yat-sen University, in Guangzhou, China, and the 2013 Workshop on Abductive Visual Cognition, which took place at KAIST, in Deajeon, South Korea. The book emphasizes an ever-growing cultural exchange between academics and intellectuals coming from different fields. It juxtaposes research works investigating new facets on key issues between philosophy and cognitive science, such as the role of models and causal representations in science; the status of theoretical concepts and quantum principles; abductive cognition, vision, and visualization in science from an eco-cognitive perspective. Further topics are: ignorance immunization in reasoning; moral cognition, violence, and epistemology; and models and biomorphism. The book, which presents a unique and timely account of the current state-of-the art on various aspects in philosophy and cognitive science, is expected to inspire philosophers, cognitive scientists and social scientists, and to generate fruitful exchanges and collaboration among them.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Contents; Part I International Conference Philosophy and Cognitive Science (PCS2013); Reframing the Problem of Cognitive Penetrability; 1 Introduction; 2 Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Cognitive Effects on Perception, the Evidential Role of Perception, and Cognitive Penetrability; 2.1 Intrinsic Cognitive Effects and Cognitive Penetrability of Perception; 2.2 Extrinsic Cognitive Effects and Cognitive Penetrability: The Evidential Role of Perception; 3 Early Vision; 3.1 Intrinsic Cognitive Effects on Early Vision; 3.2 Extrinsic Cognitive Effects on Early Vision; 4 Concluding Discussion
    Description / Table of Contents: ReferencesThe Emergence and Development of Causal Representations; 1 Introduction; 2 The Emergence of Causal Representations; 3 The Development of Causal Representations; 4 Falling Back to the Primitive Causal Schema; 5 Conclusion; References; On the Nature and Composition of Abstract (Theoretical) Concepts: The X-Ception Theory and Methods for Its Assessment; 1 Introduction; 2 The Standard Picture of Abstractness; 3 Abstractness in a New Perspective: The X-ception Theory; 4 Methodological Issues: Is There a Way to Assess Internal Grounding?; 5 Concluding Remarks; References
    Description / Table of Contents: An Eco-Cognitive Model of Ignorance Immunization 1 Introduction; 2 Introducing Ignorance into the Naturalization of Logic; 2.1 The Visible Part of Ignorance: Peirce's Irritation of Doubt; 3 Fallibilism: A Belief-Based Paradigm; 3.1 Another Kind of Abundance: How Fallibilism Can Shape Ignorance; 4 The Bubble Thesis and the Double-Sided Autoimmunity System; 4.1 The Downside of Belief and of the First-Person Perspective; 4.2 Doubt and the Missing-Ascription of Ignorance; 5 The Fugitivity of Truth (and Ignorance); 5.1 Cognitive Autoimmunity: The Homunculus Fallacy; 6 Conclusion; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Towards a Caricature Model of Science1 Introduction; 2 Misrepresentation in Context; 3 Niiniluoto's Treatment of the Caricature Theory of Reference; 4 Too Many Analogies Between Art and Science?; 5 Gombrich as Philosopher: The Role of Caricatures in Art and Illusion; 6 Idealizations and Caricatures; 7 Concluding Remarks; References; Violence and Abductive Cognition; 1 Abduction, Pregnances, Affordances: Eco-Cognitive Aspects; 1.1 Saliences and Pregnances as Biological and Cognitive Mediators; 1.2 Eco-Cognition of Moral Pregnances and Affordances
    Description / Table of Contents: 1.3 The Artlessness of Proto-Morality and Violence2 The Moral/Violent Function of Language; 2.1 ``Military Intelligence'', Morality, and Ideologies; 2.2 Language and Conflicts; 2.3 Scapegoating Through Pregnances; 3 Conclusion and Future Work; References; Part II International Workshop Visual Abduction or Abductive Vision? KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology); Understanding Visual Abduction; 1 Perception Versus Inference in Abductive Cognition; 1.1 Perceptions, Iconic Cognition, and Model-Based Abduction
    Description / Table of Contents: 2 Iconicity Hybridates Logicality: Inference in a Semiotic Perspective
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319037042
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 175 p. 45 illus., 37 illus. in color) , online resource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice 24
    DDC: 210
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy
    Abstract: This book presents a collection of texts by the German physicist and philosopher Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker (1912-2007) in English, for use in seminars on the philosophy of religion, the comparative study of religion, but as well on the relationship between religion and the scientific worldview. Most texts appear in English for the first time. Weizsäcker became famous through his works in physics, mainly in the early development of nuclear physics. Later he would also become well known as a philosopher and analyst of contemporary culture. He also worked very intensely on projects for the prevention of nuclear war and for peace in general
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgments; Contents; 1 Introduction; 2 Self-Portrait; 2.1…Preparation; 2.2…Philosophy; 3 Creation in the Old Testament; 4 Christianity and History; 5 What Is Secularization?; 5.1…The Concept of Secularization; 5.2…The Political Revolutions; 5.3…The Christian Background to the Modern Ambivalence; 5.4…Belief in Progress; 5.5…Hegel; 5.6…Marx; 5.7…The Ambivalence of Success; 5.8…What Is Secularization?; 6 The Sermon on the Mount: Interpretations; 6.1…Prefatory Note; 6.2…Translation; 6.3…Commentary...; 6.4…Interpretations
    Description / Table of Contents: 7 Thoughts of a Non-theologian on the Theological Development of Dietrich Bonhoeffer7.1…Influences on Bonhoeffer's Theological Development; 7.2…Christian Commitment and Modern Consciousness; 7.3…A Journey to Reality; 7.4…Religion and Modern Consciousness; 8 Levels of Christian Theology: A Comment on Luther; 9 A Dialogue on Meditation (A Conversation with Udo Reiter); 10 What Is Meditation?; 11 The Moral Problem of the Left and the Moral Problem of Morality; 11.1…The Moralization of Politics; 11.2…Comment; 12 Notes on the Relationship of Physics and Religion; 13 Unfinished Religion; 14 Anxiety
    Description / Table of Contents: 15 DeathCarl Friedrich von Weizsäcker Society; Carl Friedrich von WeizsäckerFoundation; Federation of German Scientists; Udo Keller Foundation; Ruhr University Bochum; About the Author; About the Editor; About the Book
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319013480
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 261 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 212
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Nemeth, Thomas The early Solov'ëv and his quest for metaphysics
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Regional planning ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Regional planning ; Solovʹev, Vladimir Sergeevič 1853-1900 ; Metaphysik ; Solovʹev, Vladimir Sergeevič 1853-1900 ; Metaphysik
    Abstract: This volume offers a critical examination of the early works of Vladimir Solov’ëv, Russia’s most famous and systematic philosopher. It presents a philosophical critique of his early writings up to 1881 from an immanent viewpoint and examines Solov’ëv’s intended contributions to philosophy against the background of German Idealism, including Schopenhauer, and the positivism of his day. Examining contemporary reactions to his writings by leading figures of his day, such as Chicherin and Kavelin, The Early Solov’ëv and His Quest for Metaphysics reveals the small but vibrant philosophical community in Russia during the immediate decades before the Bolshevik Revolution. It provides a detailed discussion of Solov’ëv’s confrontation with his philosophical opponents and shows how his emphasis on developing a metaphysical ontology rather than epistemology exerted a virtual paradigmatic influence on Russian philosophy for years to come. This volume also sets Solov’ëv’s writings against a detailed intellectual biography of these early years, drawing on letters to friends and relatives including reminiscences, and challenges many of the received claims concerning his actions and positions, particularly his alleged youthful mystical visions. In addition, the book features two appendices: one that sketches the early Russian reception of French positivism against which Solov’ëv reacted in the name of metaphysics and another that presents a fascinating look at the Solov’ëv family background, which produced at once intellectual as well as dysfunctional members. Presenting a rare picture of the non-Marxist intellectual scene in 19th century Russia, The Early Solov’ëv and His Quest for Metaphysics will be of interest to graduate students and researchers looking for a philosophically informed approach to this unique thinker and era
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionChapter 1: A Voyage of Discovery -- Chapter 2: The Unfinished Sophia -- Chapter 3: Towards an Integral Philosophy -- Chapter 4: From Intuition to Faith -- Chapter 5: The Morality of a Critique -- Chapter 6: The Truth of a Critique -- Chapter 7: Critiques of the Critique -- Conclusion -- Appendix 1:   Comtean Positivism in Russia -- Appendix 2: Family Constellation and Early Youth -- Notes -- Bibliography.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319071855
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 139 p. 2 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Yehezkel, Gal, 1971 - The conceptual structure of reality
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Wirklichkeit ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Wirklichkeit ; Naturphilosophie
    Abstract: This book describes a novel conception of reality, one that uniquely incorporates an idealistic view of existence with an account of objectivity. It introduces a general model of conceptual analysis and demonstrates its effectiveness in exposing and establishing the existence of conceptual ties. The book begins by introducing the tools and principles needed for the conceptual analysis undertaken in chapters that follow. Next, it presents a detailed examination into existence, contingency, idealism, self-consciousness and natural laws. In the process, the author critically examines the conceptions of existence held by Kant, Frege and Russell; argues that the determinations of past, present and future are subjective in the sense that they imply the existence of consciousness in relation to which they are fixed; shows that every possible reality includes sufficient conditions for self-consciousness; and confronts the question of the "uniformity of nature," which states that reality is subject to natural laws. In the end, the idealistic conception of reality developed in this book implies that existence is relative, rather than absolute, in the sense that it is determined in relation to a point of view internal to reality. This view of existence implies that reality necessarily exists
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: IntroductionChapter 2: Meaning -- Chapter 3: Existence -- Chapter 4: Contingency -- Chapter 5: Idealism -- Chapter 6: Self-Consciousness -- Chapter 7: Natural Laws -- Chapter 8: Conclusions.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319028453
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 357 p. 2 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 303
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Felix Kaufmann's theory and method in the social sciences
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy
    Abstract: This volume contains the English translation of Felix Kaufmann's (1895-1945) main work Methodenlehre der Sozialwissenschaften (1936). In this book, Kaufmann develops a general theory of knowledge of the social sciences in his role as a cross-border commuter between Husserl's phenomenology, Kelsen's pure theory of law and the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle. This multilayered inquiry connects the value-oriented reflections of a general philosophy of science with the specificity of the methods and theories of the social sciences, as opposed to abstract natural science and psychology. The core focus of the study is the attempt to elucidate how and under what conditions scientific knowledge about social facts, empirically justified and theoretically embedded, can be obtained. The empirical basis of knowledge within the social sciences forms a phenomenological concept of experience. According to Kaufmann, this concept of experience exhibits a complex structure. Within the meaning-interpretation of human action as the core of knowledge in the social sciences, this structure reaches out across the isolated act of verification toward the synthesis of external and internal experiences. The book opens with a detailed and useful introduction by Ingeborg K. Helling, which introduces the historical and theoretical background of Kaufmann's study and specifically illuminates his relation to Alfred Schütz and John Dewey. Finally, it contains interviews with and letters to members of his family, colleagues and students
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; Editorial Note; Felix Kaufmann in Perspective: An Introductory Essay; Introduction; Biographical Dates; Kaufmann's Milieus of Social Science in Vienna Between the Wars; Kaufmann's Positions in Methodology; Felix Kaufmann and the Vienna Circle; Felix Kaufmann and the Austrian Theory of Marginal Utility; Felix Kaufmann and the 'Pure Theory of Law'; Felix Kaufmann and Alfred Schutz; Felix Kaufmann and John Dewey; A Selection from Interviews (1982) and a Letter on Kaufmann; Family, Friends, and Colleagues; George Kaufmann; Herbert von Fürth; Gottfried von Haberler
    Description / Table of Contents: Friedrich August von Hayek Ernest Nagel; Paul Rosenstein-Rodan; Ilse Schutz; Alan Sweezy; Students at the New School; Reuben Abel; Jules Altmann; Martin Dworkin; Felix Kaufmann 'Der Nationalökonom im Paradies': A Poem with Translation; Bibliography of Works Cited in the Introductory Essay; Theory and Method in the Social Sciences by Felix Kaufmann: An English Translation; Preface; Introduction: On the Problematic and Structure of the Book; Part One. Elements of the General Theory of Science; 1. Basic Philosophical Considerations; 2. Logical-Mathematical Thought; 3. Fact and Law
    Description / Table of Contents: 4. Life and Consciousness 5. The Concept of Value; 6. Metaphysics and the Theory of Science; 7. Proposal for a Universal Methodological Schema; Part Two. The Dispute over Method in the Social Sciences ( Methodenstreit); Preparatory Remarks; 1. The Social Sciences and the Natural Sciences; 2. The Social Sciences and Psychology; (Meaning and Meaning-Interpretation); 3. Value Problems in the Social Sciences; 4. The 'Historical' in the Social Sciences; 5. Fundamental Concepts of the Social Sciences; 6. Social Laws and Ideal Types; 7. The Way to Overcome the Methodenstreit
    Description / Table of Contents: 8. Remarks on the Methodological Controversy [Methodenstreit] on the Theory of Marginal Utility 9. The Concept of Positive Law, and the Pure Theory of Law; Index of Names
    Description / Table of Contents: Editorial NoteIntroductory Essay - Felix Kaufmann in Perspective; Ingeborg K. Helling -- Theory and Method in the Social Sciences; Felix Kaufmann -- Preface -- Introduction  On the Problematic and Structure of the Book -- Part One  Elements of the General Theory of Science.- 1. Basic Philosophical Considerations -- 2. Logical-mathematical Thought -- 3. Fact and Law -- 4. Life and Consciousness -- 5. The Concept of Value -- 6. Metaphysics and the Theory of Science -- 7. Proposal for a Universal Methodological Schema -- Part Two The Dispute over Method in the Social Sciences (Methodenstreit).- 1. The Social Sciences and the Natural Sciences -- 2. The Social Sciences and Psychology -- 3. Value Problem in the Social Sciences -- 4. The ‘Historical’ in the Social Sciences -- 5. Fundamental Concepts of the Social Sciences -- 6. Social Laws and Ideal Types -- 7. The Way to Overcome the Methodenstreit -- 8. Remarks on the Methodological Controversy [Methodenstreit] over the Theory of Marginal Utility -- 9. The Concept of Positive Law and the Pure Theory of Law -- Annotations -- Index of Names -- Editorial Note -- Introductory Essay Felix Kaufmann in Perspective; Ingeborg K. Helling -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biographical Dates -- 3. Kaufmann’s Milieus of Social Science in Vienna between the Wars -- 4. Kaufmann's Positions in Methodology -- 5. A Selection from Interviews and a letter on Kaufmann -- 6. Felix Kaufmann ‘Der Nationalökonom im Paradies’: a Poem with translation -- 7. Bibliography of Works Cited in the Introductory Essay Felix Kaufmann Theory and Method in the Social Sciences.- Preface -- Introduction  On the Problematic and Structure of the Book -- Part One Elements of the General Theory of Science.- 1. Basic Philosophical Considerations -- 2. Logical-mathematical Thought -- 3. Fact and Law -- 4. Life and Consciousness -- 5. The Concept of Value -- 6. Metaphysics and the Theory of Science -- 7. Proposal for a Universal Methodological Schema -- Part Two The Dispute over Method in the Social Sciences (Methodenstreit).- Preparatory Remarks -- 1. The Social Sciences and the Natural Sciences -- 2. The Social Sciences and Psychology -- 3. Value Problem in the Social Sciences -- 4. The ‘Historical’ in the Social Sciences -- 5. Fundamental Concepts of the Social Sciences -- 6. Social Laws and Ideal Types -- 7. The Way to Overcome the Methodenstreit -- 8. Remarks on the Methodological Controversy [Methodenstreit] over the Theory of Marginal Utility -- 9. The Concept of Positive Law and  the Pure Theory of  Law -- Annotations -- Index of Names.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319036717
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 187 p. 28 illus., 17 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice 23
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von, 1912 - 2007 Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker: Major texts in philosophy
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Naturwissenschaften ; Philosophie ; Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von 1912-2007 ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This book presents a collection of texts by the German philosopher and physicist Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker (1912-2007), for use in seminars on philosophy, mainly epistemology and the philosophy of physics or foundations of quantum mechanics, but also for courses on German philosophy of the 20th century or the philosophy of science. Most texts appear in English for the first time. Weizsäcker became famous through his works in physics, later becoming well known as a philosopher and an analyst of contemporary culture and politics. He worked intensively on projects for the prevention of nuclear war and for peace in general. - Texts about classical philosophy are included as well as on logic, on the philosophy of biology and on the philosophy of mathematics, on “death” as well as on “power”
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPreliminary Epistemological Considerations -- A Description of Physics -- Time - Physics - Metaphysics -- Biological Preliminaries to Logic -- Models of Health and Illness, Good and Evil, Truth and Falseness -- Parmenides and the Graylag Goose -- Parmenides and Quantum Theory -- Possibility and Movement: A Note on Aristotelian Physics -- The Rationality of Emotions -- On Power.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9783319021713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 77 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical
    Abstract: This book explains the first published consistency proof of PA. It contains the original Gentzen's proof, but it uses modern terminology and examples to illustrate the essential notions. The author comments on Gentzen's steps which are supplemented with exact calculations and parts of formal derivations. A notable aspect of the proof is the representation of ordinal numbers that was developed by Gentzen. This representation is analysed and connection to set-theoretical representation is found, namely an algorithm for translating Gentzen's notation into Cantor normal form. The topic should interest researchers and students who work on proof theory, history of proof theory or Hilbert's program and who do not mind reading mathematical texts
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgements1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Ordinal numbers -- 4 Consistency proof -- Index -- References.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319017990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 193 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 23
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Tahin, Gábor Heuristic strategies in the speeches of Cicero
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Logic ; Linguistics ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Logic ; Linguistics ; Humanities ; Humanities ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Cicero, Marcus Tullius v106-v43 ; Heuristik ; Argumentation ; Rhetorik
    Abstract: This book introduces a new form of argumentative analysis: rhetorical heuremes. The method applies the concepts of heuristic thinking, probability, and contingency in order to develop a better understanding of complex arguments in classical oratory. A new theory is required because Greek and Roman rhetoric cannot provide detailed answers to problems of strategic argumentation in the analysis of speeches. Building on scholarship in Ciceronian oratory, this book moves beyond the extant terminology and employs a concept of heuristic reasoning derived from the psychology of decision making and mathematical problem solving. The author analyses selected passages from Cicero’s forensic speeches where arguments of probability are deployed, and shows that the Sophistic concept of probability can link ancient rhetoric and modern theories of argumentation. Six groups of heuremes are identified, each of which represents a form of probabilistic reasoning by which the orator plays upon the perception of the jurors
    Description / Table of Contents: ForewordAcknowledgement -- Table of Contents -- Preface.- Chapter 1 Introduction: The Problem of Analysis -- Chapter 3 The Origins of Heuristic Argumentation: Probable Arguments in Ancient Rhetoric -- Chapter 4 Cicero’s Models: Heuristic Arguments in the Greek Orators -- Chapter 5 Pro Flacco -- Chapter 6  Pro Sulla.- Chapter 7 Pro Murena.- Chapter 8 Pro Sex. Roscio Amerino -- Chapter 9 Pro Milone -- Chapter 10 Pro Cluentio -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319058917
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 206 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Advancing Global Bioethics 3
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Ikechukwu Osuji, Peter African traditional medicine
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Medical ethics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Medical ethics ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Alternative Medizin ; Medizinische Ethik
    Abstract: This book focuses on informed consent in African Traditional Medicine (ATM). ATM forms a large portion of the healthcare systems in Africa. WHO statistics show that as much as 80% of the population in Africa uses traditional medicine for primary health care. With such a large constituency, it follows that ATM and its practices should receive more attention in bioethics. By comparing the ethics of care approach with the ATM approach to Relational Autonomy In Consent (RAIC), the authors argue that the ATM focus on consent based on consensus constitutes a legitimate informed consent. This book is distinctive insofar as it employs the ethics of care as a hermeneutic to interpret ATM. The analysis examines the ethics of care movement in Western bioethics to explore its relational approach to informed consent. Additionally, this is the first known study that discusses healthcare ethics committees in ATM
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface ; Acknowledgement; Contents; List of Abbreviations; Chapter-1; Introduction: Informed Consent in a Communal Culture; 1.1 Dominant Cultural Perspectives of Informed Consent; 1.2 Informed Consent in a Communal Culture; 1.3 Focusing on ATM; 1.4 Scope of the Study; 1.5 Focusing on Ethics of Care; 1.6 Focusing on Ethics Committees; References; Chapter-2; Historical Context of the Western Bioethics Approach to Autonomy; 2.1 History and Origin of Informed Consent; 2.1.1 Legal Origin; 2.1.2 Bioethical Origin; 2.1.3 Reaction Against Paternalism; 2.2 Autonomy and Informed Consent
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.2.1 Meaning of Autonomy2.2.2 Informed Consent and the Principle of Respect for Autonomy; 2.2.3 Autonomy and Trust; 2.3 The Concept of Person and Autonomy; 2.3.1 Individual Independence; 2.3.2 Reason as Opposed to Emotion; 2.3.3 Individual Patient Rights; 2.3.4 Individual Autonomy; 2.3.5 Subjective Conception of the Good; 2.4 Summary; References; Chapter-3; Systematic Analysis of Ethics of Care; 3.1 The History and Origin of Ethics of Care; 3.1.1 Feminist Movement and Some Male Voices; 3.1.2 Ethics of Care and Alternative Feminist Moral Theories; 3.2 The Meaning of Ethics of Care
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.2.1 Care as Labor3.2.2 Care as Practice and Value; 3.2.3 Caring Relations; 3.2.4 Care as Justice; 3.2.5 Criticism of Ethics of Care; 3.3 The Concept of Person and Autonomy; 3.3.1 Relational Being, Family, and the Patient; 3.3.1.1 Ethics of Care Critique of the Social Contract Theories; 3.3.1.2 The Social Contract Theories; 3.3.1.3 The Critique; 3.3.2 The Ethics of Care Concept of Dependency and Interdependency of Persons and Human Existence; 3.3.3 The Ethics of Care Concept of Relational Autonomy in Informed Consent (RAIC)
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.3.4 Emotion as an Essential Part of Human Nature in Moral Decision-Making3.3.5 The Ethics of Care Concept of Individual Patient Rights; 3.4 Summary; References; Chapter-4; Comparative Analysis of ATM with Ethics of Care; 4.1 An Overview of ATM; 4.1.1 Meaning and History and Interesting Developments in ATM; 4.1.1.1 Meaning and History of ATM; 4.1.1.2 Interesting Developments in ATM; 4.1.2 ATM and African Traditional Religion (ATR); 4.1.2.1 African Traditional Religion (ATR); 4.1.2.2 Community in Understanding ATM & ATR; 4.1.3 ATM Doctors: Types, Vocation, and Training; 4.1.3.1 Diviners
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.1.3.2 Herbalists4.1.3.3 Traditional birth attendants (TBA); 4.1.3.4 Priests Healers; 4.1.3.5 Traditional Surgeons; 4.1.4 Health and Illness: The Need to Seek Healing; 4.1.4.1 Concept of Health and Illness; 4.1.4.2 The Need to Seek Healing; 4.1.5 Decision-Making in Traditional African Societies; 4.1.5.1 Decision-making among the Akan; 4.1.5.2 Decision-making among the Hausa-Fulani; 4.1.5.3 Decision-making among the Igbo; 4.1.5.4 Decision-making among the Yoruba; 4.1.5.5 Decision-Making and Women; 4.2 The Concept of Person and Autonomy: ATM and Ethics of Care Contrasted
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2.1 Relational Being: Individual (Patient) Versus Community
    Description / Table of Contents: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: INFORMED CONSENT IN A COMMUNAL CULTURE1.1. Dominant Cultural Perspectives of Informed Consent -- 1.2. Informed Consent in a Communal Culture -- 1.3. Focusing On ATM -- 1.4. Scope of the Study -- 1.5. Focusing on Ethics of Care -- 1.6. Focusing on Ethics Committee -- 2. CHAPTER TWO- HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE WESTERN BIOETHICS APPROACH TO AUTONOMY -- 2.1. History and Origin of Informed Consent -- 2.1.1. Legal Origin -- 2.1.2. Bioethical Origin -- 2.1.3. Reaction against Paternalism -- 2.2. Autonomy and Informed Consent -- 2.2.1. Meaning of Autonomy.-  2.2.2. Informed Consent and the Principle of Respect for Autonomy -- 2.2.3. Autonomy and Trust -- 2.3. The Concept of Person and Autonomy -- 2.3.1. Individual Independence -- 2.3.2. Reason as Opposed to Emotion -- 2.3.3. Individual Patient Rights -- 2.3.4. Individual Autonomy.- 2.3.5. Subjective Conception of the Good -- 2.4. Summary -- 3. CHAPTER THREE- SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF ETHICS OF CARE -- 3.1. The History and Origin of Ethics of Care -- 3.1.1. Feminist Movement and Some Male Voices -- 3.1.2. Ethics of Care and Alternative Feminist Moral Theories -- 3.2.  The Meaning of Ethics of Care -- 3.2.1. Care as Labor -- 3.2.2. Care as Practice and Value -- 3.2.3. Caring Relations -- 3.2.4. Care as Justice -- 3.2.5. Criticism of Ethics of Care -- 3.3.  The Concept of Person and Autonomy -- 3.3.1. Relational Being, Family, and the Patient -- 3.3.1.1. Ethics of Care Critique of the Social Contract Theories -- 3.3.1.2. The Social Contract Theories -- 3.3.1.3. The Critique -- 3.3.2. The Ethics of Care Concept of Dependency and Interdependency of Persons and Human Existence -- 3.3.3. The Ethics of Care Concept of Relational Autonomy in Informed Consent (RAIC) -- 3.3.4. Emotion as Essential Part of Human Nature in Moral Decision-Making -- 3.3.5. The Ethics of Care Concept of Individual Patient Rights -- 3.4.  Summary -- 4. CHAPTER FOUR- COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATM WITH ETHICS OF CARE -- 4.1. An Overview of ATM -- 4.1.1. Meaning and History and Interesting Developments in ATM -- 4.1.1.1. Meaning and History of ATM -- 4.1.1.2. Interesting Developments in ATM -- 4.1.2. ATM and African Traditional Religion (ATR) -- 4.1.2.1. African Traditional Religion (ATR) -- 4.1.2.2. Community in Understanding ATM & ATR -- 4.1.3. ATM Doctors: Types, Vocation and Training -- 4.1.3.1. Diviners -- 4.1.3.2. Herbalists -- 4.1.3.3. Traditional birth attendants (TBA) -- 4.1.3.4. Priests Healers -- 4.1.3.5. Traditional Surgeons -- 4.1.4. Health and Illness: the Need to Seek Healing -- 4.1.4.1. Concept of Health & Illness -- 4.1.4.2. The Need to Seek Healing -- 4.1.5. Decision-Making in Traditional African Societies -- 4.1.5.1. Decision-making among the Akan -- 4.1.5.2. Decision-making among the Hausa-Fulani -- 4.1.5.3. Decision-making among the Igbo -- 4.1.5.4. Decision-making among the Yoruba -- 4.1.5.5. Decision-Making and Women -- 4.2. The Concept of Person and Autonomy: ATM and Ethics of Care Contrasted -- 4.2.1. Relational Being: Individual (Patient) Versus Community.-  4.2.2. The African Concept of Dependency and Interdependency of Person and Human Existence -- 4.2.3. The African Concept of Relational Autonomy in Informed Consent (RAIC) -- 4.2.4. Support for the Objective Concept of the (Common) Good -- 4.2.5. The African Concept of Individual Patient Rights -- 4.3. Summary -- 5. CHAPTER FIVE- APPLIED ANALYSIS OF ATM’S RAIC TO HEALTHCARE ETHICS COMMITTEES IN AFRICA -- 5.1. General Description of Healthcare Ethics Committees -- 5.2. Situation of Healthcare Ethics Committees in Africa -- 5.2.1. A Brief History of Ethics Committees in Africa -- 5.2.2. Healthcare Ethics Committees in Hospitals -- 5.2.3. Healthcare Ethics Committees in ATM -- 5.2.4. The Type of HEC Suitable for ATM -- 5.2.4.1. Being Organizationally Integrated -- 5.2.4.2. Being Proactive and Using Preventive Ethics -- 5.2.4.3. Ethical Leadership -- 5.2.4.4. Being Accountable -- 5.3. The Implications of Applying RAIC to Healthcare Ethics Committees in Africa on Decision-Making Process for Informed Consent of the Patient -- 5.3.1. Integration of Elements of Traditional Decision-Making Methods into Healthcare Ethics Committees -- 5.3.2. A Flexible Understanding of Confidentiality -- 5.3.3. A Nuanced Understanding of Advance Directive -- 5.3.4. Emphasis on Solidarity -- 5.4. Summary -- 6. CHAPTER SIX- CONCLUSION -- 6.1. Grand Summary.-  6.2. Contribution of the Book -- 6.3. RAIC and Global Bioethics -- BIBLIOGRAPHY. .
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9783319076836
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 233 p. 19 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics 21
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Old World and New World perspectives in environmental philosophy
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Landscape ecology ; Nature Conservation ; Human Geography ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Landscape ecology ; Nature Conservation ; Human Geography ; Ethics ; Human Geography ; Landscape ecology ; Nature Conservation ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Konferenzschrift 2011 ; Umweltethik ; Naturphilosophie
    Abstract: This is the first collection of essays in which European and American philosophers explicitly think out their respective contributions and identities as environmental thinkers in the analytic and continental traditions. The American/European, as well as Analytic/Continental collaboration here bears fruit helpful for further theorizing and research. The essays group around three well-defined areas of questioning all focusing on the amelioration/management of environmentally, historically and traditionally diminished landscapes. The first part deals with differences between New World and the Old World perspectives on nature and landscape restoration in general, the second focuses on the meaning of ecological restoration of cultural landscapes, and the third on the meaning of the wolf and of wildness. It does so in a way that the strengths of each philosophical school-continental and analytic-comes to the fore in order to supplement the other’s approach. This text is open to educated readers across all disciplines, particularly those interested in restoration/adaptation ecology, the cultural construction of place and landscape, the ongoing conversation about wilderness, the challenges posed to global environmental change. The text may also be a gold mine for doctoral students looking for dissertation projects in environmental philosophy that are inclusive of continental and analytic traditions. This text is rich in innovative approaches to the questions they raise that are reasonably well thought out. The fact that the essays in each section really do resonate with one another directly is also intellectually exciting and very helpful in working out the full dimensions of each question raised in the volume
    Description / Table of Contents: ContributorsPreface -- 1. Introduction; Martin Drenthen & Jozef Keulartz: Introduction -- Part One: Wilderness and Cultural Landscapes -- 2. Extracting Culture or Injecting Nature? Rewilding in Transatlantic Perspective; Marcus Hall -- 3. Restoration and Authenticity Revisited; Marion Hourdequin & David Havlick -- 4. Conceiving the Earth itself as our Garden; W.S.K. Cameron 5. Wilderness Recognized. Environments Free From Human Control; Robert Scotney -- Part Two: Restoration of Value and Meaning to Cultural Ecosystems -- 6. Cultural Landscapes, Ecological Restoration and the Intergenerational Narrative; Paul Knights -- 7. Enduring Nature; Glenn Deliège 8. Seeking Nature's Permission; Alan Holland -- 9. Green Managerialism And The Erosion Of Meaning; Simon P. James -- Part Three: Wolves and Wildness -- 10. The wolf is coming! Emplacing a predator that is not (yet) there; Martin Drenthen -- 11. Eating Wolves; Thomas Thorp -- 12. Blurring Boundaries: Freedom, Enclosure, and Death; Brian Seitz -- 13. The Hero, the Wolf, and the Hybrid. Overcoming the Overcoming of Uncultured Landscapes; Nathan Kowalsky -- Index.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319062068
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 68 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Wieland, Jan Willem, 1984 - Infinite regress arguments
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Kausalität ; Unendlichkeit ; Logik ; Argumentation
    Abstract: This book on infinite regress arguments provides (i) an up-to-date overview of the literature on the topic, (ii) ready-to-use insights for all domains of philosophy, and (iii) two case studies to illustrate these insights in some detail. Infinite regress arguments play an important role in all domains of philosophy. There are infinite regresses of reasons, obligations, rules, and disputes, and all are supposed to have their own moral. Yet most of them are involved in controversy. Hence the question is: what exactly is an infinite regress argument, and when is such an argument a good one?
    Abstract: This book on infinite regress arguments provides (i) an up-to-date overview of the literature on the topic, (ii) ready-to-use insights for all domains of philosophy, and (iii) two case studies to illustrate these insights in some detail. Infinite regress arguments play an important role in all domains of philosophy. There are infinite regresses of reasons, obligations, rules, and disputes, and all are supposed to have their own moral. Yet most of them are involved in controversy. Hence the question is: what exactly is an infinite regress argument, and when is such an argument a good one?
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1…Overview; 1.2…Two Examples; 1.3…Overview of Classic Cases; 1.4…Two Desiderata; References; 2 The Paradox Theory; 2.1…Use; 2.2…Evaluation; 2.3…Classic Instances; 2.4…Logical Analysis; References; 3 The Failure Theory; 3.1…Use; 3.2…Evaluation; 3.3…Classic Instances; 3.4…Concluding Remarks; 3.5…Logical Analysis; References; 4 Case Study: Carroll's Tortoise; 4.1…The Renewed Tortoise; 4.2…Stage Setting; 4.3…Four Solutions; 4.4…Three Hypotheses; 4.4.1 Rule/Premise; 4.4.2 Internal/External; 4.4.3 Obligations; 4.4.4 General Diagnosis; 4.5…Concluding Remark; References
    Description / Table of Contents: 5 Case Study: Access and the Shirker Problem5.1…Access; 5.2…The Loophole; 5.3…Paradox Analysis; 5.4…Failure Analysis; 5.5…Concluding Remarks; References
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319032542
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 199 p. 3 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Thinking about higher education
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Education, Higher ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Education, Higher ; Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Education, Higher ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Höheres Bildungswesen
    Abstract: With higher education around the world in a period of extreme flux, this volume explores its underlying philosophy, a core element of the ongoing debate. Offering a diverse range of perspectives from an international selection of renowned scholars of higher education, the book is full of imaginative insights that add up to a substantive contribution to the discussion. As universities attempt to adapt to a new environment characterized by stiff international competition, networked remote learning, burgeoning student numbers, and comparative performance assessment, how we conceptualize the purpose and ethos of our higher learning institutions is more important than ever. This publication features a multitude of distinctive approaches that illuminate potential solutions to the complex issues universities must grapple with in these uncertain times. Rather than espousing a singular philosophical approach, the editors have assembled views from across the spectrum and from differing national contexts, representing a multidisciplinary response to the situation. This collection of papers aims thus to inspire fresh developments in the way we think about the complexities of, and options available to, higher education
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction, Paul Gibbs and Ron BarnettSection one - Positive Imagination -- 2. Thinking about higher education, Ron Barnett -- 3. Higher Education and Ethical Imagination, Marianna Papastephanou -- 4. Happiness not Salaries: The decline of universities and the emergence of higher education, Paul Gibbs -- Section Two - Finding the Public Good -- 5. Higher education and public good, Simon Marginson -- 6. Forces in Tension: The State, Civil Society and Market in the Future of the University, Brian Pusser -- 7. Beyond Neo-Liberalism: Higher Education in Europe and the Global Public Good, Barbara M. Kehm -- 8. Exploring futures for community engagement: uncertainty, difference, and responsibility, Tara Fenwick -- Section Three - Which knowledge and who can have it -- 9. Babies and bathwater: revaluing the role of the academy in knowledge, Leesa Wheelahan -- 10. Curriculum in Higher Education: Beyond false choices, Suellen Shay -- 11. Finding a Voice as a Student, Denise Bachelor -- 12. Into the heart of things Defrosting educational theory, Soren S.E. Bengtsen -- 13. Coda: Reaching for Higher Education.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319034522
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 220 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 370
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Montano, Ulianov Explaining beauty in mathematics: an aesthetic theory of mathematics
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Logic ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Logic ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Schönheit ; Mathematik ; Ästhetik
    Abstract: This book develops a naturalistic aesthetic theory that accounts for aesthetic phenomena in mathematics in the same terms as it accounts for more traditional aesthetic phenomena. Building upon a view advanced by James McAllister, the assertion is that beauty in science does not confine itself to anecdotes or personal idiosyncrasies, but rather that it had played a role in shaping the development of science. Mathematicians often evaluate certain pieces of mathematics using words like beautiful, elegant, or even ugly. Such evaluations are prevalent, however, rigorous investigation of them, of mathematical beauty, is much less common. The volume integrates the basic elements of aesthetics, as it has been developed over the last 200 years, with recent findings in neuropsychology as well as a good knowledge of mathematics. The volume begins with a discussion of the reasons to interpret mathematical beauty in a literal or non-literal fashion, which also serves to survey historical and contemporary approaches to mathematical beauty. The author concludes that literal approaches are much more coherent and fruitful, however, much is yet to be done. In this respect two chapters are devoted to the revision and improvement of McAllister’s theory of the role of beauty in science. These antecedents are used as a foundation to formulate a naturalistic aesthetic theory. The central idea of the theory is that aesthetic phenomena should be seen as constituting a complex dynamical system which the author calls the aesthetic as process theory. The theory comprises explications of three central topics: aesthetic experience (in mathematics), aesthetic value and aesthetic judgment. The theory is applied in the final part of the volume and is used to account for the three most salient and often used aesthetic terms often used in mathematics: beautiful, elegant and ugly. This application of the theory serves to illustrate the theory in action, but also to further discuss and develop some details and to showcase the theory’s explanatory capabilities
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPart 1. Antecedents -- Chapter 1. On Non-literal Approaches -- Chapter 2. Beautiful, Literally -- Chapter 3. Ugly, Literally -- Chapter 4. Problems of the Aesthetic Induction -- Chapter 5. Naturalizing the Aesthetic Induction -- Part 2. An Aesthetics of Mathematics -- Chapter 6. Introduction to a Naturalistic Aesthetic Theory -- Chapter 7. Aesthetic Experience -- Chapter 8. Aesthetic Value -- Chapter 9. Aesthetic Judgement I: Concept -- Chapter 10. Aesthetic Judgement II: Functions -- Chapter 11. Mathematical Aesthetic Judgements -- Part 3. Applications -- Chapter 12. Case Analysis I: Beauty -- Chapter 13. Case Analysis II: Elegance -- Chapter 14. Case Analysis III: Ugliness, Revisited -- Chapter 15. Issues of Mathematical Beauty, Revisited.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319046600
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 482 p. 7 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Agazzi, Evandro, 1934 - Scientific objectivity and its contexts
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Objektivität ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: The first part of this book is of an epistemological nature and develops an original theory of scientific objectivity, understood in a weak sense (as intersubjective agreement among the specialists) and a strong sense (as having precise concrete referents). In both cases it relies upon the adoption of operational criteria designed within the particular perspective under which any single science considers reality. The “object” so attained has a proper ontological status, dependent on the specific character of the criteria of reference (regional ontologies). This justifies a form of scientific realism. Such perspectives are also the result of a complex cultural-historical situation. The awareness of such a “historical determinacy” of science justifies including in the philosophy of science the problems of ethics of science, relations of science with metaphysics, and social dimensions of science that overstep the traditional restriction of the philosophy of science to an epistemology of science. It is to this “context” that the second part of the book is devoted
    Description / Table of Contents: Historical and Philosophical BackgroundThe Characterisation of Objectivity -- First Corollaries in the Philosophy of Science -- The Ontological Commitment of Science -- Scientific Realism -- The Contexts of Objectivity -- Corollaries in the Philosophy of Science -- Scientific Truth Revisited -- The Context of Making Science -- Science and Metaphysics -- Appendix -- References -- Indexes.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319073590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 165 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 215
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Maia Neto, José Raimundo, 1959 - Academic skepticism in seventeenth century French philosophy
    Keywords: Charron, Pierre 1541-1603 Influence ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, French 17th century ; Skepticism History ; 17th century ; Frankreich ; Skeptizismus ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Geschichte 1601-1662 ; Charron, Pierre 1541-1603 ; Gassendi, Pierre 1592-1655 ; La Mothe Le Vayer, François de 1583-1672 ; Descartes, René 1596-1650 ; Pascal, Blaise 1623-1662 ; Skeptizismus
    Abstract: This book is the first systematic account of Pierre Charron’s influence among the major French philosophers in the period (1601-1662). It shows that Charron’s Wisdom was one of the main sources of inspiration of Pierre Gassendi’s first published book, the Exercitationes adversus aristoteleos. It sheds new light on La Mothe Le Vayer, who is usually viewed as a major free thinker. By showing that he was a follower of Charron, La Mothe emerges neither as a skeptical apologist nor as a disguised libertine, as combatting superstition but not as irreligious. The book shows the close presence of Charron in the preambles of Descartes’ philosophy and that the cogito is mainly based on the moral Academic self-assurance of Charron’s wise man. This interpretation reverses the standard view of Descartes’ relation to skepticism. Once this skepticism is recognized to be Charron’s Academic one, it is seen not as the target but as the source of the cogito. Pascal is the last major philosopher for whom Charron’s wisdom is crucially relevant. Montaigne and Descartes influenced, respectively, Pascal’s view of the Pyrrhonian skeptic and of the skeptical main arguments. The book shows that Charron’s Academic skeptical wise man is one of the main targets of his projected apology for Christianity, since he considered him as a threat and counter-example of the kind of Christian view of human beings he believed. By restoring the historical philosophical relevance of Charron in early modern philosophy and arguing for the relevance of Academic skepticism in the period, this book opens a new research program to early modern scholars and will be valuable for those interested in the history of philosophy, French literature and religion
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: IntroductionChapter 2: Charron’s Academic Skeptical Wisdom -- Chapter 3: Gassendi’s Attack on Dogmatic Science -- Chapter 4: La Mothe Le Vayer’s Attack on Belief and Superstition -- Chapter 5: Descartes’s Rehabilitation of Science -- Chapter 6: Pascal’s Rehabilitation of Christian Faith -- Chapter 7: Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index Nominum.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319004044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 285 p. 63 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 364
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Rodin, Andrei Axiomatic method and category theory
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Algebra ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Algebra ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Axiomatische Methode ; Kategorientheorie ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Mathematik
    Abstract: This volume explores the many different meanings of the notion of the axiomatic method, offering an insightful historical and philosophical discussion about how these notions changed over the millennia. The author, a well-known philosopher and historian of mathematics, first examines Euclid, who is considered the father of the axiomatic method, before moving onto Hilbert and Lawvere. He then presents a deep textual analysis of each writer and describes how their ideas are different and even how their ideas progressed over time. Next, the book explores category theory and details how it has revolutionized the notion of the axiomatic method. It considers the question of identity/equality in mathematics as well as examines the received theories of mathematical structuralism. In the end, Rodin presents a hypothetical New Axiomatic Method, which establishes closer relationships between mathematics and physics. Lawvere's axiomatization of topos theory and Voevodsky's axiomatization of higher homotopy theory exemplify a new way of axiomatic theory building, which goes beyond the classical Hilbert-style Axiomatic Method. The new notion of Axiomatic Method that emerges in categorical logic opens new possibilities for using this method in physics and other natural sciences. This volume offers readers a coherent look at the past, present and anticipated future of the Axiomatic Method
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPart I A Brief History of the Axiomatic Method -- Chapter 1. Euclid: Doing and Showing -- Chapter 2. Hilbert: Making It Formal -- Chapter 3. Formal Axiomatic Method and the 20th Century Mathematics -- Chapter. 4 Lawvere: Pursuit of Objectivity -- Conclusion of Part 1 -- Part II. Identity and Categorification -- Chapter 5. Identity in Classical and Constructive Mathematics -- Chapter 6. Identity Through Change, Category Theory and Homotopy Theory -- Conclusion of Part 2 -- Part III. Subjective Intuitions and Objective Structures -- Chapter 7. How Mathematical Concepts Get Their Bodies. Chapter 8. Categories versus Structures -- Chapter 9. New Axiomatic Method (instead of conclusion) -- Bibliography.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319029436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 250 p. 16 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 369
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Computer science ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Computer science
    Abstract: The main purpose of the present volume is to advance our understanding of the notions of knowledge and context, the connections between them, and the ways in which they can be modeled, in particular formalized - a question of prime importance and utmost relevance to such diverse disciplines as philosophy, linguistics, computer science and artificial intelligence, and cognitive science. Bringing together essays written by world-leading experts and emerging researchers in epistemology, logic, philosophy of language, linguistics, and theoretical computer science, the book examines the formal modeling of knowledge and the knowledge-context link at one or more of three intersections -- context and epistemology, epistemology and formalism, formalism and context - and presents a novel range of approaches to the current discussions that the connections between knowledge, language, action, reasoning, and context continually enlivens. It develops powerful ideas that will push the relevant fields forward and give a sense of the new directions in which mainstream and formal research on knowledge and context is heading
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Franck Lihoreau and Manuel RebuschiChapter 1. Context as Assumptions; Erich Rast -- Chapter 2. Knowledge and Disagreement; Martin Montminy -- Chapter 3. A Contradiction for Contextualism?; Peter Baumann -- Chapter 4. Epistemic Contexts and Indexicality; Yves Bouchard -- Chapter 5. Knowing Who: How Perspectives and Context Interact; Maria Aloni and Bruno Jacinto -- Chapter 6. Knowledge Attributions in Context of Decision Problems; Robert van Rooij -- Chapter 7. How Context Dependent is Scientific Knowledge?; Sven Ove Hansson.- Chapter 8. Action, Failure and Free Will Choice in Epistemic stit Logic; Jan Broersen and John-Jules Charles Meyer -- Chapter 9. Belief, Intention and Practicality: Loosening Up Agents and Their Propositional Attitudes; Richmond H. Thomason -- Chapter 10. Character Matching and the Locke Pocket of Belief; Gregory Wheeler -- Chapter 11. A modal logic of perceptual belief; Andreas Herzig and Emiliano Lorini -- Chapter 12. Hyperintensionality and De Re Beliefs A Counterpart-Theoretic Account; Paul Égré -- Chapter 13. Knowledge Is Justifiable True Information; Jaakko Hintikka.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319041995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 536 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Mind, values, and metaphysics ; 1
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Semantics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Semantics ; Mulligan, Kevin 1951-
    Abstract: This book addresses five main topics of metaphysics in its first section: formal objects and truth-makers; tropes; properties and predicates; varieties of relations; and the notion of explanation in metaphysics. The second part of this volume focuses on the history of philosophy with an emphasis on Austrian philosophy: the ideas of Bolzano, Wittgenstein, Locke and Bergson, amongst others, are explored in the papers presented here. This is the first volume in a two-volume set that originates from papers presented to Professor Kevin Mulligan, covering the subjects that he contributed to during his career including ontology, mind and value, history and philosophy of mind and philosophy of language. This volume contains thirty two chapters, written by researchers from across Europe, North America and North Africa. These papers cover topics in metaphysics ranging from Lehrer and Tolliver’s discussion of truth and tropes, to Johansson’s defence of the distinction between thick and thin relations and Persson and Sahlin’s presentation of the difficulties inherent in applying the concept of explanation in metaphysics. Papers on the history of philosophy include a look at Bolzano’s formative years and his conception of mathematics. De Libera examines Brentano’s adverbial theory of judgment and Fisette traces the history of the Philosophical Society of the University of Vienna in the late 19th and early 20th century. Marion contests the trendy pragmatist accounts that lump Wittgenstein and Heidegger together and there are analyses of Locke and Bergson’s work, amongst the many papers presented here. This volume contains three chapters in French and one in Spanish. The second volume of this set looks at ethics, values and emotions, epistemology, perception and consciousness, as well as philosophy of mind and philosophy of language
    Description / Table of Contents: Dedication: K.M.: Tollendo Tollens; A. GarciaIntroduction; A. Reboul -- Part 1. Metaphysics -- Formal objects and the argument from knowledge; J. Leech -- The naming of facts and the methodology of language-based metaphysics; A. Betti -- The truth on predicates and connectives; J. Stern -- Truth-makers and convention T; J. Wolenski -- From grounding to truth-making: some thoughts; F. Correia -- Fundamental ontology and ontology of epistemic processes; P. Livet -- Truth and Tropes; K. Lehrer & J. Tolliver -- The facts of tropes; H. Hochberg -- The transcendental metaphysics of G.F. Stout: A Defence and Elaboration of Trope Theory; F. Mac Bride -- Two problems for resemblance nominalism; A. Bottani.-Counting the colours; B. Schnieder -- Predication; P. Leonardi.-Temporal parts and spatial location; D. Costa -- Internal, formal and thin relations; F. Clementz -- All relations are internal - the New Version; I. Johansson -- Connectives, prenectives and dishonoured cheques of metaphysical explanations; P. Blum -- Because; A. Varzi -- Why metaphysicians do not explain; I. Brinck, G. Hermerén, J. Persson & N-E. Sahlin -- Science and metaphysics: the case of quantum physics; M. Esfeld -- Part 2. History of philosophy -- Bolzano’s Lehrjahre; J. Sebestik -- Bolzano versus Kant: Mathematics as Scientia Universalis; P. Cantù -- Le direct et l’oblique: sur quelques aspects antiques et médiévaux de la théorie brentanienne des relatifs; A. de Libera -- Austrian philosophy and its institutions: Remarks on the Philosophical Society of the University of Vienna (1888-1938); D. Fisette -- La noción de valor en la filosofía de Meinong; I. Vendrell Ferran -- Austrian and Hungarian philosophy: On the logic of Wittgenstein and Pauler; B. Smith -- Winnowing Wittgenstein: what’s worth salvaging from the wreck of the Tractatus; P. Simons -- Wittgenstein, ses prédécesseurs et ses contemporains; M. Ouelbani -- Wittgenstein on Heidegger and cosmic emotions; M. Marion -- Le dogme de la vérité selon Parménide: le voir peut être factif sans être vérace, et “dicible” n’est pas véridictionnel ; J-M. Monnoyer -- The mind-body problem in Husserl and Merleau-Ponty; R. Lanfredini -- Locke and the problem of weakness of the will; R. Glauser -- Bergson, truth-making, and the retrograde movement of the true; D. Schulthess.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319051468
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 557 p. 29 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Mind, values, and metaphysics ; 2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: There are three themed parts to this book: values, ethics and emotions in the first part, epistemology, perception and consciousness in the second part, and philosophy of mind and philosophy of language in the third part. Papers in this volume provide links between emotions and values and explore dependency between language, meanings and concepts, and topics such as the liar’s paradox, reference and metaphor are examined. This book is the second of a two-volume set that originates in papers presented to Professor Kevin Mulligan, covering the subjects that he contributed to during his career. This volume opens with a paper by Moya, who proposes that there is an asymmetrical relation between the possibility of choice and moral responsibility. The first part of this volume ends with a description of foolishness as insensitivity to the values of knowledge, by Engel. Marconi’s article makes three negative claims about relative truth and Sundholm notes shortcomings of the English language for epistemology, amongst other papers. This section ends with a discussion of the term ‘subjective character’ by Nida-Rümelin, who finds it misleading. The third part of this volume contains papers exploring topics such as the mind-body problem, whether theory of mind is based on simulation or theory, and Künne shows that the most common analyses of the so-called 'Liar' paradox are wanting. At the end of this section, Rizzi introduces syntactic cartography and illustrates its use in scope-discourse semantics. This second volume contains twenty nine chapters, written by both high profile and upcoming researchers from across Europe, North America and North Africa. The first volume of this set has two main themes: metaphysics, especially truth-making and the notion of explanation, and the second theme is the history of philosophy with an emphasis on Austrian philosophy
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction; A. Reboul, 10Part I: Values, Ethics and Emotions -- Chapter 2. Alternatives and Responsibility: An Asymmetrical Approach; C. Moya -- Chapter 3. The Normativity of Evaluative Concepts; C. Tappolet, 18 -- Chapter 4. For Kevin’s sake; T. Rønnow-Rasmussen -- Chapter 5. Knowledge, Emotion, Value and Inner Normativity: When KEVIN meets Collective Persons; A. Konzelmann Ziv -- Chapter 6. The Argument of Ethical Naturalism; B. Baertschi -- Chapter 7. Why We Don’t Perceive Aesthetic Properties; C. Todd -- Chapter 8. Literature, Emotions and the Possible: Hazlitt and Stendhal; P. Lombardo -- Chapter 9. L’avenir du crétinisme; P. Engel -- Part II. Epistemology, Perception, and Consciousness -- Chapter 10. Three Easy Points on Relative Truth; D. Marconi -- Chapter 11. Mere Belief as a Modification; M. van der Schaar -- Chapter 12. The Epistemological Disunity of Memory; F. Teroni -- Chapter 13. The Vocabulary of Epistemology, with observations on some surprising shortcomings of the English language; G. Sundholm -- Chapter 14. The Blurred Hen; C. Calabi -- Chapter 15. How Picture Perfection Defies Cognitive Impenetrability; A. Voltolini -- Chapter 16. Singular Thoughts, Seeing Doubles and Delusional Misidentification; P. Gerrans -- Chapter 17. Reconstructing (Phenomenal) Consciousness; A. Paternoster -- Chapter 18. Basic Intentionality, Primitive Awareness and Awareness of Oneself; M. Nida-Rümelin -- Part III: Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Language -- Chapter 19. Causal Equivalence as a Basis for the Specification of Neural Correlates; U. Meixner -- Chapter 20. Simulation vs. Theory-Theory: A Plea for an Epistemological Turn; J. Deonna & B. Nanay -- Chapter 21. Mental Simulation and the Reification of Beliefs; J. Dokic -- Chapter 22. Numerals and Word Sequences; R. Casati -- Chapter 23. Frege’s New Language; J. Barnes -- Chapter 24. On Liars, ‘Liars’ and Harmless Self-Reference; W. Künne -- Chapter 25. Constitutive vs. Normative Accounts of Speech and Mental Acts; M. Garcia-Carpintero -- Chapter 26. M&Ms - Mentally Mediated Meanings; L. Cesalli -- Chapter 27. Mental Files and Identity; F. Recanati -- Chapter 28. Did ‘Madagascar’ Undergo a Change in Referent?; M. Santambrogio -- Chapter 29. Live metaphors; A. Reboul -- Chapter 30. Syntactic Cartography and the Syntacticisation of Scope-Discourse Semantics; L. Rizzi.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319041414
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 297 p. 61 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences 5
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Rosslenbroich, Bernd, 1957 - On the origin of autonomy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Biology Philosophy ; Evolution (Biology) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Biology Philosophy ; Evolution (Biology) ; Evolutionsbiologie ; Humanbiologie ; Evolutionsbiologie ; Humanbiologie
    Abstract: This volume describes features of biological autonomy and integrates them into the recent discussion of factors in evolution. In recent years ideas about major transitions in evolution are undergoing a revolutionary change. They include questions about the origin of evolutionary innovation, their genetic and epigenetic background, the role of the phenotype, and of changes in ontogenetic pathways. In the present book, it is argued that it is likewise necessary to question the properties of these innovations and what was qualitatively generated during the macroevolutionary transitions. The author states that a recurring central aspect of macroevolutionary innovations is an increase in individual organismal autonomy whereby it is emancipated from the environment with changes in its capacity for flexibility, self-regulation and self-control of behavior. The first chapters define the concept of autonomy and examine its history and its epistemological context. Later chapters demonstrate how changes in autonomy took place during the major evolutionary transitions and investigate the generation of organs and physiological systems. They synthesize material from various disciplines including zoology, comparative physiology, morphology, molecular biology, neurobiology and ethology. It is argued that the concept is also relevant for understanding the relation of the biological evolution of man to his cultural abilities. Finally the relation of autonomy to adaptation, niche construction, phenotypic plasticity and other factors and patterns in evolution is discussed. The text has a clear perspective from the context of systems biology, arguing that the generation of biological autonomy must be interpreted within an integrative systems approach
    Description / Table of Contents: What is the outcome of evolution?The problem of macroevolutionary trends -- The concept of biological autonomy -- The major transitions in early evolution -- The Cambrian explosion and thereafter -- Fluid management in animals -- Reproduction -- Nervous systems and the flexibility of movements -- Endothermy -- The evolution of brains and behavior: is there a trend? -- The evolution of man -- Conclusion and implications.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319047591
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 311 p. 195 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 73
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Bäck, Allan Aristotle's theory of abstraction
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Aristoteles v384-v322 ; Abstraktion ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Logik
    Abstract: This book investigates Aristotle’s views on abstraction and explores how he uses it. In this work, the author follows Aristotle in focusing on the scientific detail first and then approaches the metaphysical claims, and so creates a reconstructed theory that explains many puzzles of Aristotle’s thought. Understanding the details of his theory of relations and abstraction further illuminates his theory of universals.   Some of the features of Aristotle’s theory of abstraction developed in this book include: abstraction is a relation; perception and knowledge are types of abstraction; the objects generated by abstractions are relata which can serve as subjects in their own right, whereupon they can appear as items in other categories. The author goes on to look at how Aristotle distinguishes the concrete from the abstract paronym, how induction is a type of abstraction which typically moves from the perceived individuals to universals, and how Aristotle’s metaphysical vocabulary is "relational.’ Beyond those features, this work also looks at how of universals, accidents, forms, causes, and potentialities have being only as abstract aspects of individual substances. An individual substance is identical to its essence; the essence has universal features but is the singularity making the individual substance what it is. These theories are expounded within this book. One main attraction in working out the details of Aristotle’s views on abstraction lies in understanding his metaphysics of universals as abstract objects.  This work reclaims past ground as the main philosophical tradition of abstraction has been ignored in recent times. It gives a modern version of the medieval doctrine of the threefold distinction of essence, made famous by the Islamic philosopher, Avicenna
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceIntroduction -- Logic: The Formal Structure of Abstraction -- Chapter 1. The Conception of Abstraction -- Chapter 2. Abstract Relata -- Chapter 3. The Relation of Abstraction -- Science: The Psychological Process of Abstraction -- Chapter 4. Perceiving -- Chapter 5. Thinking -- Chapter 6. The Process of Abstraction -- Metaphysics: Aristotle’s Abstract Ontology -- Chapter 7. The Subject of Metaphysics -- Chapter 8. Aristotle’s Buddhism -- Chapter 9. Parts of Animals -- Chapter 10. Aristotle’s Nominalism -- Appendix -- The Formal Structure of Abstraction.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319062365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 347 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 213
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Summa, Michela, 1980 - Spatio-temporal intertwining
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Humanities ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Transzendentale Ästhetik
    Abstract: This volume explores Husserl’s theory of sensibility and his conceptualization of spatial and temporal constitution. The author maps the linkages between Husserl’s ‘transcendental aesthetic’, the theory of pure experience in empirio-criticism, as well as Immanuel Kant’s transcendental philosophy. The core argument in this analysis centers on the relationship between spatiality and temporality in Husserl’s philosophy. The study interrogates Husserl’s understanding of the relationship between spatiality and temporality in terms of stratifications, analogies and parallelisms. It incorporates a discussion of the potentialities and limitations of such an understanding. It concludes that such limits can be overcome by adopting an understanding of spatiality and temporality as interwoven moments of sensible experience-a ‘spatio-temporal intertwining’. This ‘intertwining’ is made explicit in a thorough inquiry into three central topics in the phenomenological analysis of sensible experience: spatio-temporal individuation, perspectival givenness and bodily experience. The book shows how such an inquiry can form the bedrock of a dynamic and relational understanding of experience as a whole
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction -- Part 2 Husserl’s transcendental aesthetic -- Chapter 2 The phenomenological aesthetic -- Chapter 3 The transcendental aesthetic: Husserl and Kant -- Part 3 Parallelisms, stratifications, and beyond -- Chapter 4 Intuitiveness, constitution, and idealization: modes of spatial and temporal experience -- Chapter 5 The thing of the transcendental aesthetic: Spatial and temporal constitution -- Part 4 Spatio-temporal intertwining. The dynamics of experience -- Chapter 6 Individuation, irreversibility, and the spatio-temporal intertwining -- Chapter 7 Perspectival givenness -- Chapter 8 The transcendental aesthetic and the lived-body -- Part 5 Conclusions -- Chapter 9 Conclusions -- Index.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319066028
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 269 p. 12 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 39
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Hiebert, Erwin N., 1919 - 2012 The Helmholtz legacy in physiological acoustics
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Aesthetics ; Acoustics ; Music ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Aesthetics ; Acoustics ; Music ; Physiologische Akustik ; Musik ; Akustik ; Physik ; Geschichte ; Musik ; Wissenschaft ; Geschichte ; Helmholtz, Hermann von 1821-1894
    Abstract: This book explores the interactions between science and music in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth century. It examines and evaluates the work of Hermann von Helmholtz, Max Planck, Shohé Tanaka, and Adriaan Fokker, leading physicists and physiologists who were committed to understanding crucial aesthetic components of the art of music, including the standardization of pitch and the implementation of various types of intonations. With a mixture of physics, physiology, and aesthetics, author Erwin Hiebert addresses throughout the book how just intonation came to intersect with the history of keyboard instruments and exert an influence on the development of Western music. He begins with the work of Hermann von Helmholtz, a leading nineteenth-century physicist and physiologist who not only made important contributions in vision, optics, electrodynamics, and thermodynamics, but also helped advanced the field of music theory as well. The author traces the Helmholtzian trends of thought that become inherently more complex by reaching beyond the sciences to perform a bridge with aesthetics and the diverse ways in which the human mind interprets or is taught, in different cultures, to interpret and understand music. Next, the author explores the works of other key physicists and physiologists who were influenced by Helmholtz and added to his legacy. He examines Japanese music theory student Shohé Tanaka, who sought to design a harmonium that was not based on equal temperament but rather on just intonation. Dutch physicist Adriaan Daniel Fokker, who arranged for organs to be built based on 31-tones per octave, orchestrated concerts for these new instruments, and even attempted to compose microtonal music, or music whose tonality is based on intervals smaller than the typical twelve semitones of Western music
    Description / Table of Contents: EnvoiJed Buchwald -- Acknowledgments; Erwin Hiebert -- Eloge; Joan Richards -- Introduction; Myles Jackson -- I. Helmholtz -- II. Shohé Tanaka, Just Intonation and the Enharmonium -- III. Max Planck -- IV. Adriaan Fokker. Theoretical Physics and Just Intonation Keyboards -- Appendix. Willem Pijper and the Efflorescence of Dutch Music.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9783319053561
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 378 p. 161 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 371
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Mereology and the Sciences
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Computer science ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Computer science ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ganzheit ; Raumwahrnehmung ; Naturwissenschaften ; Naturphilosophie
    Abstract: This volume is the first systematic and thorough attempt to investigate the relation and the possible applications of mereology to contemporary science. It gathers contributions from leading scholars in the field and covers a wide range of scientific theories and practices such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, computer science and engineering. Throughout the volume, a variety of foundational issues are investigated both from the formal and the empirical point of view. The first section looks at the topic as it applies to physics. The section addresses questions of persistence and composition within quantum and relativistic physics and concludes by scrutinizing the possibility to capture continuity of motion as described by our best physical theories within gunky spacetimes. The second part tackles mathematics and shows how to provide a foundation for point-free geometry of space switching to fuzzy-logic. The relation between mereological sums and set-theoretic suprema is investigated and issues about different mereological perspectives such as classical and natural Mereology are thoroughly discussed. The third section in the volume looks at natural science. Several questions from biology, medicine and chemistry are investigated. From the perspective of biology, there is an attempt to provide axioms for inferring statements about parthood between two biological entities from statements about their spatial relation. From the perspective of chemistry, it is argued that classical mereological frameworks are not adequate to capture the practices of chemistry in that they consider neither temporal nor modal parameters. The final part introduces computer science and engineering. A new formal mereological framework in which an indeterminate relation of parthood is taken as a primitive notion is constructed and then applied to a wide variety of disciplines from robotics to knowledge engineering. A formal framework for discrete mereotopology and its applications is developed and finally, the importance of mereology for the relatively new science of domain engineering is also discussed
    Description / Table of Contents: Notes on ContributorsIntroduction: Parts, Wholes and Contemporary Sciences; C. Calosi and P. Graziani -- Part I. Physics -- Introduction to Part I: Mereology and Physics -- Building Enduring Objects out of Spacetime; C. Gilmore -- Relativistic Parts and Places: a Note on Corner Slices and Shrinking Chairs; Y. Balashov -- Parthood and Composition in Quantum Mechanics; C. Calosi and G. Tarozzi -- Continuity of motion in Whitehead’s Geometrical Space; V. Fano and P. Graziani -- Part II. Mathematics -- Introduction to Part II: Mereology and Mathematics -- Multi-valued Logic for a Point Free Foundation of Geometry; C. Coppola and G. Gerla -- The Relations of Supremum and Mereological Sum in Partially Ordered Sets; R. Gruszyński and A. Pietruszczak -- Natural Mereology and Classical Mereology; P. Hovda -- Part III. Natural Sciences -- Introduction to Part III: Mereology and Natural Science -- Crisp islands in vague seas. Cases of determinate parthood relations in biological objects; L. Jansen, S. Schulz -- Developing the Mereology of Chemistry; J. P. Llored and R. Harrè -- Part IV. Computer Sciences and Engineering -- Introduction to Part IV: Mereology, Computer Sciences and Engineering -- Mereology in Engineering and Computer Sciences; L. Polkowski -- Discrete Mereotopology; A. Galton -- A Role for Mereology in Domain Science and Engineering; D. Bjørner.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9783319043821
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 773 p. 22 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective 5
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. New directions in the philosophy of science
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: This volume sheds light on still unexplored issues and raises new questions in the main areas addressed by the philosophy of science. Bringing together selected papers from three main events, the book presents the most advanced scientific results in the field and suggests innovative lines for further investigation. It explores how discussions on several notions of the philosophy of science can help different scientific disciplines in learning from each other. Finally, it focuses on the relationship between Cambridge and Vienna in twentieth century philosophy of science. The areas examined in the book are: formal methods, the philosophy of the natural and life sciences, the cultural and social sciences, the physical sciences, and the history of the philosophy of science
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Contents; Part I Formal Methods; Things in Possible Experiments: Case-Intensional Logic as a Framework for Tracing Things from Case to Case; 1 Introduction; 2 Possible Experiments; 3 Tracing in Standard Quantified Modal Logic; 4 Tracing in CIFOL: Case-Intensional First Order Logic; 5 Conclusion; References; The Proof Is in the Process: A Preamble for a Philosophy of Computer-Assisted Mathematics; 1 Introduction; 2 Human-Computer Interactions, Time-Sensitivity and Internalization; 2.1 Mathematician-Computer Interactions; 2.2 Internalization; 2.3 Time and Finite Processes; 3 Discussion
    Description / Table of Contents: ReferencesThe Future Role of Computation in Science and Society; 1 Some Examples of Large-Scale Computation; 2 From Science to Society; References; In No Categorical Terms: A Sketch for an Alternative Route to a Humean Interpretation of Laws; 1 Introduction; 2 The Canonical Account of Laws, Properties and Modality; 3 Laws and Properties in Modern Physics: Problems for Humeanism; 3.1 Problems for Categoricalism; 3.2 Problems for Contingentism; 4 Coda on Humeanism; 5 Conclusion; References; The Undeniable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Special Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Philosophical Problems of Applied Mathematics2 Case Study: Population Ecology; 3 The Role of Mathematics; 4 A Cure for Physics Envy; References; Comment on ``The Undeniable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Special Sciences''''; 1 Introduction; 2 Colyvan''s Program; 3 The Roots of Lotka-Volterra; 4 Volterra and d''Ancona on Idealization; 5 A Legitimate Explanation of the Honeycomb?; 6 Conclusion; References; Part II Philosophy of the Natural and Life Sciences; Explanatory Pluralism in Psychiatry: What Are We Pluralists About, and Why?
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Models of Psychiatric Disorders. Some Studies from Psychiatry2 Approaches to Explanation of Psychiatric Disorders; 3 Psychiatric Explanations and Explanatory Pluralism; 4 Concluding Remarks; References; Pluralists About Pluralism? Different Versions of Explanatory Pluralism in Psychiatry; 1 Introduction; 2 Plurality in Psychiatric Practice and the Challenges It Poses; 3 Different Ways of Dealing with Plurality - Contending Versions of Pluralism; 3.1 Explanatory Pluralism Versus Explanatory Reductionism; 3.2 Different Understandings of Explanatory Pluralism
    Description / Table of Contents: 4 Questioning and Evaluating the Different Understandings of Explanatory Pluralism4.1 Questioning Integrative Pluralism; 4.2 Questioning Isolationist Pluralism; 4.3 Questioning Interactive Pluralism; 5 Philosophical Frameworks for Explanatory Pluralism; 5.1 A Framework for Explanatory Pluralism; 5.2 Framing the "Genuine Dialogue"?; 6 Conclusion; References; Shifting Attention from Theory to Practice in Philosophy of Biology; 1 Introduction; 2 From Concepts to Conceptual Practices; 3 From Theories to Theoretical Practices; 4 From Theory Reduction to Reductive Retooling of Practices
    Description / Table of Contents: 5 Conclusion
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface: Maria Carla GalavottiTEAM A: FORMAL METHODS -- Chapter 1: Things in Possible Experiments. Case-intensional Logic as a Framework for Tracing Things from Case to Case; Thomas Müller -- Chapter 2: The Proof Is in the Process. A Preamble for a Philosophy of Computer-assisted Mathematics; Liesbeth de Mol -- Chapter 3: The Future Role of Computation in Science and Society; Patrick Suppes -- Chapter 4: In No Categorical Terms: A Sketch for an Alternative Route to a Humean Interpretation of Laws; Kerry McKenzie -- Chapter 5: The Undeniable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Special Sciences; Mark Colyvan -- Chapter 6: Comment on “The Undeniable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Special Sciences”; Tim Räz -- TEAM B: PHILOSOPHY OF THE NATURAL AND LIFE SCIENCES -- Chapter 7: Explanatory Pluralism in Psychiatry: What Are We Pluralists about, and Why? Raffaella Campaner -- Chapter 8: Pluralists about Pluralism? Different Versions of Explanatory Pluralism in Psychiatry; Jeroen van Bouwel -- Chapter 9: Shifting Attention from Theory to Practice in Philosophy of Biology; C. Kenneth Waters -- Chapter 10: Living Instruments and Theoretical Terms: Xenografts as Measurements in Cancer Research; Pierre-Luc Germain -- Chapter 11:   Developmental Explanation; Veli-Pekka Parkkinen -- Chapter 12: What Counts as Causation in Physics and Biology? Jan Faye -- Chapter 13: Challenges to Characterizing the Notion of Causation across Disciplinary Boundaries: Comment on Faye; Jan Baedke -- Chapter 14: Just Complexity; Max Urchs -- Chapter 15: Confessions of a Complexity Skeptic; Raphael Scholl -- Chapter 16: New Directions in the Philosophy of Biology: A New Taxonomy of Functions; Cristian Saborido -- TEAM C: PHILOSOPHY OF THE CULTURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES -- Chapter 17: How Essentialism Properly Understood Might Reconcile Realism and Social Constructivism; Wolfgang Spohn -- Chapter 18: Social Construction - by Whom? Matti Sintonen -- Chapter 19: Is Social Constructivism Soluble in Critical Naturalism? Daniel Andler -- Chapter 20: Scientific Representation, Reflexivity, and the Possibility of Constructive Realism; Tarja Knuuttila -- Chapter 21: The Limits of Realism in the Philosophy of Social Science; David-Hillel Ruben -- Chapter 22:   The Social Re-Construction of Agency; Katarzyna Paprzycka -- Chapter 23: Local Realism. An Analysis of Social Choice Theory; Obdulia Torres -- Chapter 24: Objectivity and Visual Practices in Science and Art; Chiara Ambrosio -- Chapter 25: Cultural Information: Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell; Tim Lewens. TEAM D: PHILOSOPHY OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES -- Chapter 26: Introducing QBism; Christopher A. Fuchs -- Chapter 27: A Critic Looks at QBism; Guido Bacciagaluppi -- Chapter 28: Elementary Particles and Metaphysics; F.A. Muller -- Chapter 29:  Assessing the Status of the Common Cause Principle; Miklós Rédei -- Chapter 30: A Note on Strong Causal Closedness and Completability of Classical Probability Spaces; Leszek Wroński and Michał Marczyk -- Chapter 31: Artificial Examples of Empirical Equivalence; Pablo Acuña -- Chapter 32: The Measurement Problem is Your Problem Too; Ronnie Hermens -- Chapter 33: Pros and Cons of Physics in Logics; Petr Švarný -- Chapter 34: How Fundamental Physics Represents Causality; Andreas Bartels and Daniel Wohlfarth -- Chapter 35: How Fundamental Physics Represents Causality. Comment; Mario Hubert and Roland Poellinger -- Chapter 36: Good Just Isn’t Good Enough - Humean Chances and Boltzmannian Statistical Physics; Claus Beisbart -- Chapter 37: Unsharp Humean Chances in Statistical Physics: A Reply to Beisbart; Radin Dardashti, Luke Glynn, Karim Thébault and Mathias Frisch -- Chapter 38: Noncommutative Causality in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory; Gábor Hofer-Szabó -- Chapter 39: Lost in Translation. A Comment on “Noncommutative Causality in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory”; Dustin Lazarovici -- Chapter 40: Causal Probabilities in GRW Quantum Mechanics; Tomasz Placek -- Chapter 41: Physics, Metaphysics and Mathematics; Dennis Dieks -- TEAM E: HISTORY OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE -- Chapter 42: Where Would We Be without Counterfactuals? Huw Price -- Chapter 43: Pragmatism and European Philosophy: William James and the French-Italian Connection; Massimo Ferrari -- Chapter 44: European Pragmatism? Further Thoughts on the German and Austrian Reception of American Pragmatism; Thomas Uebel -- Chapter 45: New Prospects for Pragmatism: Ramsey’s Constructivism; Maria Carla Galavotti -- Chapter 46: Critical Realism in Perspective - Remarks on a Neglected Current in Neo-Kantian Epistemology; Matthias Neuber -- Chapter 47: Realism without Mirrors; Henrik Rydenfelt -- Chapter 48: The Continuing Relevance of 19th-Century Philosophy of Psychology: Brentano and the Autonomy of Psychological Methods; Uljana Feest -- Chapter 49: On the Logical Positivists’ Philosophy of Psychology: Laying a Legend to Rest; Sean Crawford -- Chapter 50: Epistemology Historicized: The French Tradition; Anastasios Brenner -- Chapter 51: Commentary on Brenner’s “Epistemology Historicised”; Cristina Chimisso -- Chapter 52: History and Philosophy of Science: Between Description and Construction; Friedrich Stadler.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319065878
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 158 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Agassi, Joseph, 1927 - 2023 Popper and his popular critics
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Popper, Karl R. 1902-1994 ; Rezeption ; Kuhn, Thomas S. 1922-1996 ; Feyerabend, Paul 1924-1994 ; Lakatos, Imre 1922-1974
    Abstract: This volume examines Popper’s philosophy by analyzing the criticism of his most popular critics: Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend and Imre Lakatos. They all followed his rejection of the traditional view of science as inductive. Starting from the assumption that Hume’s criticism of induction is valid, the book explores the central criticism and objections that these three critics have raised. Their objections have met with great success, are significant and deserve paraphrase. One also may consider them reasonable protests against Popper’s high standards rather than fundamental criticisms of his philosophy. The book starts out with a preliminary discussion of some central background material and essentials of Popper’s philosophy. It ends with nutshell representations of the philosophies of Popper. Kuhn, Feyerabend and Lakatos. The middle section of the book presents the connection between these philosophers and explains what their central ideas consists of, what the critical arguments are, how they presented them, and how valid they are. In the process, the author claims that Popper's popular critics used against him arguments that he had invented (and answered) without saying so. They differ from him mainly in that they demanded of all criticism that it should be constructive: do not stop believing a refuted theory unless there is a better alternative to it. Popper hardly ever discussed belief, delegating its study to psychology proper; he usually discussed only objective knowledge, knowledge that is public and thus open to public scrutiny
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPreface -- Acknowledgement -- A. Prelims -- A1. On Human Rules about God’s World A2. In search for Rules -- A3. Rules against Mock-Criticism -- A4. Rules against excessive defensiveness -- A5. Against the Bouncers in the Gates of Science.-  A5. Duhem, Quine and Kuhn -- B. Popper and his Popular Critics.-  B1. Karl Raimund Popper B2. Kuhn’s Way -- B3. Feyerabend’s Proposal B4. Imre Lakatos -- B5. A Touch of Malice -- C. In a Nutshell -- C1. The Essential Popper -- C2. Kuhn on Pluralism and Incommensurability -- C3. Paul Feyerabend and Rational Pluralism -- C4. Lakatos on the Methodology of Scientific Research Programs --  C5. Epilogue: Civilization and its Self-Defense -- D. References -- D1. Appendix 1: The Biological Base of Dogmatism.- D2. Appendix 2: Popper on Explanation -- D3. Bibliography -- D4. Index of names -- D5. Index of Subjects.  .
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319046723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 360 p. 6 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 366
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Virtue epistemology naturalized
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Consciousness ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Tugend ; Ethik ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This book presents four bridges connecting work in virtue epistemology and work in philosophy of science (broadly construed) that may serve as catalysts for the further development of naturalized virtue epistemology. These bridges are: empirically informed theories of epistemic virtue; virtue theoretic solutions to underdetermination; epistemic virtues in the history of science; and the value of understanding. Virtue epistemology has opened many new areas of inquiry in contemporary epistemology including: epistemic agency, the role of motivations and emotions in epistemology, the nature of abilities, skills and competences, wisdom and curiosity. Value driven epistemic inquiry has become quite complex and there is a need for a responsible and rigorous process of constructing naturalized theories of epistemic virtue. This volume makes the involvement of the sciences more explicit and looks at the empirical aspect of virtue epistemology. Concerns about virtue epistemology are considered in the essays contained here, including the question: can any virtue epistemology meet both the normativity constraint and the empirical constraint? The volume suggests that these worries should not be seen as impediments but rather as useful constraints and desiderata to guide the construction of naturalized theories of epistemic virtue
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction: Virtue epistemology meets philosophy of science; Abrol FairweatherPart I. Epistemic Virtue, Cognitive Science & Situationism -- Chapter 2. The Function of Perception; Peter Graham -- Chapter 3.Metacognition and Intellectual Virtue; Chris Lepock -- Chapter 4. Daring to Believe: Epistemic Agency and Reflective Knowledge in Virtue Epistemology; Fernando Broncano -- Chapter 5. Success, Minimal Agency and Epistemic Virtue; Carlos Montemayor -- Chapter 6. Toward a Eudaimonistic Virtue Epistemology; Berit Brogaard -- Chapter 7. The Situationist Challenge to Reliabilism About Inference; Mark Alfano -- Chapter 8. Inferential Virtues and Common Epistemic Goods; Abrol Fairweather & Carlos Montemayor -- Part II. Epistemic Virtue and Formal Epistemology -- Chapter 9. Curiosity, Belief and Acquaintance; Ilhan Inan -- Chapter 10. Epistemic Values and Disinformation; Don Fallis -- Chapter 11. Defeasibility without inductivism; Juan Comasana -- Part III. Virtues of Theories and Virtues of Theorists -- Chapter 12. Acting to know; Adam Morton -- Chapter 13. Is there a place for epistemic virtues in theory choice; Milena Ivanova -- Chapter 14. “Bridging A Fault Line: On under determination and the ampliative adequacy of competing theories”; Guy Axtell -- Chapter 15. Epistemic virtues and the success of science; Dana Tulodziecki -- Chapter 16. Experimental Virtue: Perceptual Responsiveness and the Praxis of Scientific Observation; Shannon Vallor -- Chapter 17. A Matter of Phronesis: Experiment and Virtue in Physics, a Case Study; Marilena diBuchianno -- Part IV. Understanding, Explanation and Epistemic Virtue -- Chapter 18. Knowledge and Understanding; Duncan Pritchard -- Chapter 19. Understanding As Knowledge of Causes; Stephen Grimm -- Chapter 20. Knowledge, Understanding and Virtue; Christoph Kelp.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9783319020150
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 508 p. 11 illus., 3 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 116
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Phenomenology of space and time
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Humanities ; Konferenzschrift 2012 ; Zeit ; Raum ; Phänomenologie
    Abstract: This book celebrates the investigative power of phenomenology to explore the phenomenological sense of space and time in conjunction with the phenomenology of intentionality, the invisible, the sacred, and the mystical. It examines the course of life through its ontopoietic genesis, opening the cosmic sphere to logos. The work also explores, on the one hand, the intellectual drive to locate our cosmic position in the universe and, on the other, the pull toward the infinite. It intertwines science and its grounding principles with imagination in order to make sense of the infinite. This work is the first of a two-part work that contains papers presented at the 62nd International Congress of Phenomenology, The Forces of the Cosmos and the Ontopoietic Genesis of Life, held in Paris, France, August 2012. It features the work of scholars in such diverse disciplines as biology, anthropology, pedagogy, and psychology who philosophically investigate the cosmic origins of beingness. Coverage in this first part includes: Toward a New Enlightenment: Metaphysics as Philosophy of Life, Transformation in Phenomenology: Husserl and Tymieniecka, Biologically Organized Quantum Vacuum and the Cosmic Origin of Cellular Life, Plotinus "Enneads" and Self-Creation, The Creative Potential of Humor, Transcendental Morphology - A Phenomenological Interpretation of Human and Non-Human Cosmos, and Cognition and Emotion: From Dichotomy to Ambiguity.
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgements; Contents; Part I; Toward a New Enlightenment: Metaphysics as Philosophy of Life; "The Human Being and Its "Livingness"; Life and the Human; Anguish and Dehumanisation; Natural "Livingness" and Unnatural Madness; The Proposal of a New Enlightenment; Metaphysics as the Philosophy of Life; The Transcendental as the Critical and Poietic Tool of the Human Being; Moral Excellence as Cosmicization of Human Beingness in the Ontopoietic Perspective; References
    Description / Table of Contents: The Inseparable Link Between "Cosmology" and the "World of Life" in the Philosophy of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka: The Originality of a New Perspective on the "Real Individual and Autonomous Being" and a Comparison with the "Phenomenological Realism" of HedwIt All Starts with Tymieniecka's "Novel Intuition"; The Connection Between "Cosmology" and "World of Life" in A.-T. Tymieniecka; A.-T. Tymieniecka and "The Third Phase of Phenomenology": Eco-Phenomenology; The "Meta-Phenomenological Realism" of Hedwig Conrad-Martius; Some Conclusions from Which to Initiate Further Research
    Description / Table of Contents: The Forces of the Cosmos Before Genesis and Before Life: Some Remarks on Eugen Fink's Philosophy of the WorldFink's Meontic Phenomenology: World and Absolute Constitution; "The Forces of the Cosmos" in Fink's Post-War Ontology; Cosmology and Genesis: Some Critical Remarks; Part II; Ontopoiesis in Ben Okri's Poetic Oeuvre and  A Time for New Dreams (2011); Towards an Understanding of the Symbiosis Between Poetry and Ontopoiesis in Ben Okri's Aesthetics and Poetry; An African Elegy; Mental Fight; Conclusion; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Cosmic Order and Exoneration of the Beautiful: Visions of the Problem in Contemporary PhilosophyThe Law of Opposites in the Ontopoiesis of Life and in Language; References; The Forces of Darkness and the Forces of Goodness: Jerzy Nowosielski's Concept; Who Was Jerzy Nowosielski?; Part III; Anthropological Regression in the Modern World Versus Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka's Metaphysics of Ontopoiesis of Life; 1; 2; 3; 4; Biologically Organized Quantum Vacuum and the Cosmic Origin of Cellular Life; Introduction; Biological Teleology; A Set of Fundamental Biological Facts and Problems
    Description / Table of Contents: The Origin of Life in a New LightBiological Meaning Is Assigned to Biochemical Structures; Fundamental Role of Life in the Universe; Biology Is More Fundamental Than Physics; From Acausality to Free Will: A Natural Shift; How Is Biological Meaning Attached?; Willpower Beyond the Quantum Vacuum; Subjective Tools Capable to Act on Matter; Higher Dimensions and Subjective World; Transforming Autonomous Decisions to Biological and Physical Forces; Interaction Between Our Self and the Cosmic Life Form; References; The Cosmos of Yolanthe: Knowing Without Seeing
    Description / Table of Contents: Yolanthe's Cosmos: Knowing Without Seeing
    Description / Table of Contents:  PART IChapter 1: Toward a New Enlightenment: Metaphysics as Philosophy of Life; Nicoletta Ghigi (translated by Antonio Calcagno) -- Chapter 2: Moral Excellence as Cosmicization of Human Beingness in the Ontopoietic Perspective; Carmen Cozma -- Chapter 3: The Inseparable Link between "Cosmology" and "Life World" in Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka's Philosophy: The Originality of a New Perspective of the "Real Individual and Autonomous Being", A Possible Comparison with Hedwig Conrad-Martius' "Phenomenological Realism"; Francesco Alfieri -- Chapter 4: The Forces of the Cosmos before Genesis and Before Life.  Some Remarks on Eugen Fink's Philosophy of the World; Simona Bertolini -- PART II -- Chapter 5: Ontopoiesis in Ben Okri's Poetic Oeuvre and A Time for New Dreams (2011); Rosemary Gray -- Chapter 6: Cosmic Order and Exoneration of the Beautiful: Visions of the Problem in Contemporary Philosophy; Ella Buceniece -- Chapter 7: The Law of Opposites in the Ontopoiesis of Life and in Language; Zaiga Ikere -- Chapter 8: The Forces of Darkness and the Forces of Goodness: Jerzy Nowosielski's Concept; Katarzyna Stark -- Chapter 9: Transformation in Phenomenology: Husserl and Tymieniecka; Anar Jafarov -- PART III -- Chapter 10: Anthropological Regression in the Modern World vs. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka's Metaphysics of Ontopoiesis of Life; Jan Szmyd -- Chapter 11: Biologically Organized Quantum Vacuum and the Cosmic Origin of Cellular Life; Attila Grandpierre -- Chapter 12: The Cosmos of Yolanthe - Knowing Without Seeing; Detlev Quintern -- Chapter 13: Philosophical Hermeneutics Confronted by that which is Different; Aleksandra Pawliszyn -- Chapter 14: Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s and Max Scheler's Phenomenology as the Ontopoietic Genesis of a Manager’s Life; Bronislaw Bombala -- PART IV -- Chapter 15: Comparative Phenomenology of Singing and Dance as Involving Artistic "Instruments" Incorporated into the Body of their Performer; Alessia Rita Vitale -- Chapter 16: Phenomenology and Archeology: Methodological Insights and Thematic Inspirations; Jaroslava Vydrova -- Chapter 17: Plotinus "Enneads" and Self-Creation; Ineta Kivle -- Chapter 18: Directing Anatoly Vasilyev, from Individual Creative Manner to the Method; Valery Kolenova -- PART V -- Chapter 19: Teleology in Nature and Life-Transforming Art; Vladimir L. Marchenkov -- Chapter 20: The Creative Potential of Humor; Anna Malecka -- Chapter 21: Educational Paradigm Shift Towards Phenomenological Pedagogy; Kiymet Selvi -- Chapter 22: Human Soul, Body and Life Horizons; Maija Kule -- PART VI.-  Chapter 23: The Unity of Eastern and Western Thought Traditions in A-T. Tymieniecka's Phenomenology of Life; Salahaddin Khalilov -- Chapter 24: Transcendental Morphology - A Phenomenological Interpretation of Human and Non-Human Cosmos; Bence Peter Marosan -- Chapter 25: The Outside's Inside: The Phenomenology of the External World in Hedwig Conrad-Martius’ Thought; Ronny Miron -- Chapter 26: Kant and Starry Heavens or the Splendor and Misery of Speculative Rationalism; Rihards Kulis -- PART VII -- Chapter 27: How to Approach Heideggerian Gods; Jani Vanhala -- Chapter 28 : Meaning in the Forthcoming Sciences of Life:  From Nietzsche and Husserl to Embodiment and Biosemiotics; Ammar Zeifa -- Chapter 29: Motion in Crisis: Why the Analytic Principles of Thought Destroy Motion and Life in the Cosmos; Ion Soteropoulous -- Chapter 30: “Heraclitus/Nietzsche/Heidegger in Πόλεμς” - “τὰ δὲ Πάντα οἰακίζει Κεραυνός”- Heraclitus; Kiyimo Murata-Soraci -- Chapter 31: Lebenswelt and Operational Methodology in the Philosophical and the Epistemological Reflections of Hugo Dingler; Dario Sacchi -- Chapter 32: The Permanent Creativity of the Self; Stefano Polenta -- PART VIII -- Chapter 33: Cognition and Emotion: From Dichotomy to Ambiguity; Claus Halberg and Simen Oyen -- Chapter 34 : The Meeting of Man with Man; Leszek Pyra -- Chapter 35: Humour, an Enlightening and Restorative Force of the Inner Cosmos: A Phenomenological Approach; Tereza-Brindusa Palade.  .
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9783319018997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 401 p. 7 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook 17
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. European philosophy of science - philosophy of science in Europe and the Viennese heritage
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift 2011 ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Geschichte 1900-2000 ; Wiener Kreis ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: This volume combines the theoretical and historical perspective focusing on the specific features of a European philosophy of science. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Institute Vienna Circle the Viennese roots and influences will be addressed, in addition. There is no doubt that contemporary philosophy of science originated mainly in Europe beginning in the 19th century and has influenced decisively the subsequent development of globalized philosophy of science, esp. in North America. Recent research in this field documents some specific characteristics of philosophy of science covering the natural, social, and also cultural sciences in the European context up to the destruction and forced migration caused by Fascism and National Socialism. This European perspective with the integration of history and philosophy of science and the current situation in the philosophy of science after the transatlantic interaction and transformation, and the “return” after World War II raises the question of contemporary European characteristics in the philosophy of science. The role and function of the renowned Vienna Circle of Logical Empiricism and its impact and influence on contemporary philosophy of science is on the agenda, too. Accordingly, the general topic is dealt with in two parallel sessions representing systematic-formal as well as genetic-historical perspectives on philosophy of science in a European context up to the present
    Description / Table of Contents: TABLE OF CONTENTS; EDITORIAL; FROM THE VIENNA CIRCLE TO THE INSTITUTE VIENNA CIRCLE:ON THE VIENNESE HERITAGE IN CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE; 1 ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY (OF SCIENCE) - THE CONTEXT OF MODERNITY; 2 VIENNESE AND EUROPEAN CONTEXTS; 3 VIENNA - BERLIN - PRAGUE: CENTRAL EUROPEAN COMMUNICATION; 4 EDGAR ZILSEL - IMPORT OF HISTORY AND SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE; 5 LOGICAL EMPIRICISM RE-EVALUATED; 6 VIENNESE ORIGINS - EUROPEAN NETWORKS; 7 MORITZ SCHLICK - BETWEEN REALISM AND EMPIRICISM; 8 RUDOLF CARNAP - PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE TODAY; 9 NEURATH'S BOAT REDISCOVERED - THE "VISUAL TURN"
    Description / Table of Contents: 10 ARNE NAESS - A ROAD TO EMPIRICAL SEMANTICS AND"EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY"11 FRIEDRICH WAISMANN BETWEEN SCHLICK AND WITTGENSTEIN: VIENNA-CAMBRIDGE-OXFORD; 12 THE 'THIRD VIENNA CIRCLE': ARTHUR PAP AND THE RENAISSANCE OF ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY (OF SCIENCE); 13 CONTINENTAL INTERACTIONS - FINNO-UGRIAN TRADITIONS; 14 INTRA-CONTINENTAL NETWORKING BETWEEN EAST AND WEST; 15 THE AUSTRO-BRITISH INTERACTION SINCE 1900; 16 TRANSATLANTIC INTERACTIONS: EUROPE AND AMERICA; 17 EMOTIVISM AND META-ETHICAL NONCOGNITIVISM: NORMS AND VALUES REVISITED; 18 LOGICAL EMPIRICISM AND PURE THEORY OF LAW - FAMILY RESEMBLANCE
    Description / Table of Contents: 19 FELIX KAUFMANN'S MEDIATING SCHOOLS AND METHODS - LIBERALISM AND PLURALISM20 PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS; 21 EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE - PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE IN EUROPE; A MATTER OF SUBSTANCE? GASTON BACHELARD ON CHEMISTRY'S PHILOSOPHICAL LESSONS; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS; 3. THE SCIENTIFIC OBJECT; 4. THE CONCEPT OF SUBSTANCE; 5. THE ROLE OF CHEMISTRY IN BACHELARD'S PHILOSOPHY; 6. CONCLUSION: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL OBJECT
    Description / Table of Contents: CARNAP'S AUFBAU AND PHYSICALISM: WHAT DOES THE "MUTUAL REDUCIBILITY" OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL OBJECTS AMOUNT TO?1 TWO VERSIONS OF THE INTERTRANSLATABILITY THESIS; 2 THE TWO CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEMS; 3 STRONG INTERTRANSLATABILITY CHALLENGED; 4 AUTO-PSYCHOLOGICAL EXCEPTIONALISM PROBED; 5 CONCLUSION; ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEUROSCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY: THE CASE OF SLEEP AND DREAMING; I HISTORICAL SKETCH; II EPISTEMOLOGY; III PHILOSOPHICAL REMARKS ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PARALLELISM AND CEREBRAL CORRELATES OF CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE; IV FUNCTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
    Description / Table of Contents: (ANTI-)METAPHYSICS IN THE THIRTIES: AND WHY SHOULD ANYONE CARE NOW?PRECEDENTS; MOTIVES; THE PSEUDOPROBLEMS MOMENT; NOW; BIBLIOGRAPHY; PROBABILISTIC EPISTEMOLOGY: A EUROPEAN TRADITION; ABSTRACT; 1. ABOUT PROBABILISTIC EPISTEMOLOGY; 2. JANINA HOSIASSON (1899-1942); 3. FRANK PLUMPTON RAMSEY (1903-1930); 4. BRUNO DE FINETTI (1906-1985); 5. HAROLD JEFFREYS (1891-1989); 6. HANS REICHENBACH (1891-1953); 7. CONCLUSION; REDUCTIONISM TODAY; ABSTRACT; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. ONTOLOGICAL REDUCTIONISM; 3. THEORY REDUCTION; REFERENCES; BETTING INTERPRETATION AND THE PROBLEM OF INTERFERENCE
    Description / Table of Contents: CAUSAL RELATIONS BETWEEN BETS AND THE PROPOSITIONS BETTED ON
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , EditorialFrom the Vienna Circle to the Institute Vienna Circle: On the Viennese Legacy in Contemporary Philosophy of Science; Friedrich Stadler ; I ; A Matter of Substance? Gaston Bachelard on Chemistry’s Philosophical Lessons; Cristina Chimisso ; Carnap’s Aufbau and Physicalism: What Does the “Mutual Reducibility” of Psychological and Physical Objects Amount to?; Thomas Uebel ; On the Relationship between Neuroscience and Philosophy: the Case of Sleep and Dreaming; Claude Debru ; Metaphysics in the Thirties: And Why Should Anyone Care Now? Richard Creath ; II ; Probabilistic Epistemology: A European Tradition; Maria Carla Galavotti ; Reductionism today; Michael Esfeld ; Betting Interpretation and the Problem of Interference; Wlodek Rabinowicz and Lina Eriksson ; III.- Mathematics and Experience; Ladislav Kvasz ; Gödel and Carnap. Platonism versus Conventionalism?; Eckehart Köhler ; What is the Status of the Hardy-Weinberg Law within Population Genetics?; Pablo Lorenzano ; IV ; Kazimierz Twardowski and the Development of Philosophy of Science in Poland; Jan Woleński ; V ; Vienna Circle on Determinism; Tomasz Placek ; Infinite Idealizations; John D. Norton ; VI ;  Political Polyphony. Otto Neurath and Politics Reconsidered; Günther Sandner ; Kelsen’s Legal Positivism and the Challenge of Nazi Law; Herlinde Pauer-Studer ; VII ; Biased Coins. A Model for Higherorder Probabilities; Jeanne Peijnenburg AND David Atkinson ; Is Logical Empiricism Compatible with Scientifi c Realism?; Matthias Neuber ; VIII ; Does the Unity of Science have a Future?; Jan Faye ; Is There a European Philosophy Science? A Wake-up call; Gereon Wolters ; General Part.-Report/Documentation ; Vienna Circle Historiographies; Veronika Hofer and Michael Stöltzner ; 18th Vienna Circle Lecture , Husserl and Gödel on Mathematical Objects and our Access to them; Dagfinn Føllesdal, Review Essay ; Logical Empiricism in Historical Perspective. Recent Works on Moritz Schlick; Massimo Ferrari ; Reviews ; After Postmodernism. A Naturalistic Reconstruction of the Humanities, Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2012. (Thomas Uebel) ; Jan Faye ; The Tyranny of Science. Edited by Eric Oberheim. Cambridge: Polity Press 2011. (Daniel B. Kuby); Paul Feyerabend Il valore della verità. Milano: Guerini e Associati, 2011. (Beatrice Collina); Paolo Parrini ; Der Wiener Kreis in Ungarn , Kreis, Bd. 16. Wien: Springer 2011. (Radek Schuster); András Máté, Miklós Rédei and Friedrich Stadler (Eds.) ; Fritz Mauthner. Scepticisme linguistique et modernité. Une biographie intellectuelle. Éditions Bartillat: Paris 2012. Jacques Le Rider, Fritz Mauthner. Le langage. Translation of “Die Sprache” from German and foreword by Jacques Le Rider, Éditions Bartillat: Paris 2012. (Camilla Nielsen); Jacques Le Rider ; Activities of the Institute Vienna Circle ; Index of Names ; Abstracts.
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319034317
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 265 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind 13
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Ahonen, Marke Mental disorders in ancient philosophy
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind ; Consciousness ; Psychology History ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind ; Consciousness ; Psychology History ; Hochschulschrift ; Psychose ; Antike ; Philosophie ; Antike ; Philosophie ; Psychische Störung
    Abstract: This book offers a comprehensive study of the views of ancient philosophers on mental disorders. Relying on the original Greek and Latin textual sources, the author describes and analyses how the ancient philosophers explained mental illness and its symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, strange fears and inappropriate moods, and how they accounted for the respective roles of body and mind in such disorders. Also considered are ethical questions relating to mental illness, approaches to treatment and the position of mentally ill people in societies of the times. The volume opens with a historical overview that examines ancient medical accounts of mental illness, from Hippocrates' famous Sacred Disease to late antiquity medical authors. Separate chapters interpret in detail the writings of Plato, Aristotle, Galen and the Stoics, and a final chapter summarises the views of various strains of Scepticism, the Epicurean school and the Middle and Neo-Platonists. Offering an important and useful contribution to the study of ancient philosophy, psychology and medicine, This volume sheds new light on the history of mental illness, and presents a new angle on ancient philosophical psychology
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionChapter 1. Medical and Cultural Background -- Chapter 2. Plato on madness and mental disorders -- Chapter 3. The Aristotelian concept of mental disorders -- Chapter 4. The Stoics on the kinds of madness -- Chapter 5. Galen on the diseases of the mind and soul -- Chapter 6. Other philosophical traditions -- Appendix A. Aristotle and Caelius Aurelianus on homosexuality -- Appendix B. Philosophers as mental patients in ancient tradition.
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319023120
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 246 p. 2 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: AMINTAPHIL: The Philosophical Foundations of Law and Justice 5
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Philosophical perspectives on democracy in the 21st century
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Social policy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Social policy
    Abstract: This work offers a timely philosophical analysis of fundamental principles of democracy and the meaning of democracy today. It explores the influence of big money and capitalism on democracy, the role of information and the media in democratic elections, and constitutional issues that challenge democracy in the wake of increased threats to privacy since 2001 and in light of the Citizens United decision of the US Supreme Court. It juxtaposes alternate positions from experts in law and philosophy and examines the question of legitimacy, as well as questions about the access to information, the quality of information, the obligations to attain epistemic competence among the electorate, and the power of money. Drawing together different political perspectives, as well as a variety of disciplines, this collection allows readers the opportunity to compare different and opposing moral and political solutions that both defend and transform democratic theory and practice
    Description / Table of Contents: Table of ContentsAcknowledgement -- About the Authors -- 1. Philosophical Perspectives on Democracy in the 21st Century: Introduction; Ann E. Cudd and Sally J. Scholz.- Part I. The Meaning of Democracy.- 2. Democracy: A Paradox of Rights?; Emily R. Gill.- 3. Rights and the American Constitution: The Issue of Judicial Review and its Compatibility with Democracy; Rex Martin.- 4. Democracy as a Social Myth; Richard T. DeGeorge.- Part II. The Current Polarization.- 5. Political Polarization and the Markets vs. Government Debate; Stephen Nathanson.- 6. Two Visions of Democracy; Richard Barron Parker.- 7. Proportional Representation, the Single Transferable Vote, and Electoral Pragmatism; Richard Nunan.- 8. The Problem of Democracy in the Context of Polarization; Imer B. Flores.- Part III. Democracy, Capitalism, and the Influence of Big Money.- 9. Is Justice Possible under Welfare State Capitalism?; Steven P Lee.- 10. Rawls on Inequality, Social Segregation and Democracy; Mark Navin.- 11. Mass Democracy in a Postfactual Market Society: Citizens United and the Role of Corporate Political Speech; F. Patrick Hubbard.- 12. A Tsunami of Filthy Lucre: How the Decisions of the SCOTUS Imperil American Democracy; Jonathan Schonsheck.- 13. Democracy and Economic Inequality; Alistair M. Macleod.- Part IV. Democratic Decisions and the (Un) Informed Public.- 14. Epistocracy Within Public Reason; Jason Brennan.- 15. Journalists as Purveyors of Partial Truths; Russell Waltz.- 16. Motivated Reasoning, Group Identification, and Representative Democracy; Kenneth Henley.- 17. Republics, Passions and Protests; Wade L. Robison -- Index.
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319019529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 249 p. 55 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in the Philosophy of Sociality 3
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Perspectives on culture and agent-based simulations
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Data processing ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Data processing
    Abstract: This volume analyses, from a computational point of view, how culture may arise, develop and evolve through time. The four sections in this book examine and analyse the modelling of culture, group and organisation culture, culture simulation, and culture-sensitive technology design. Different research disciplines have different perspectives on culture, making it difficult to compare and integrate different concepts and models of culture. By taking a computational perspective this book nevertheless enables the integration of concepts that play a role in culture, even though they might originate from different disciplines. Culture is usually regarded as something vague and qualitative and thus difficult to deal with in a computational and formal setting. Taking a computational approach to culture thus encompasses a twofold risk: taking a too simplistic approach to cultural influence on behaviour; or trying to capture too much, hence not leading to useful computational tools. However, the approaches and insights in this collection show how different perspectives by leading researchers described in thirteen chapters still can form a coherent picture. The book thus illustrates the potential of using computing systems to better understand culture. By describing methods, theories and concrete application results about the integration of cultural aspects into computer systems, this book provides inspiration to researchers of all disciplines alike and presents the start of an interdisciplinary dialogue on culture
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Integrating Cultures: An Introduction; Virginia Dignum and Frank DignumPart 1. Analysis and Modelling of Culture -- Chapter 2. Modelling Culture with Complex, Multi-dimensional, Multi-agent Systems; Alexis Morris, William Ross, Hadi Hosseini and Mihaela Ulieru -- Chapter 3. Cross-validation of Gaming Simulation and Multi-agent Simulation; Gert Jan Hofstede , Catholijn M. Jonker, and Tim Verwaart -- Chapter 4. Modelling Culture through Social Activities; Rubén Fuentes-Fernández, Jorge J. Gómez-Sanz, and Juan Pavón -- Part 2. Group and organisation culture -- Chapter 5. Cultural Integration and Differentiation in Groups and Organisations; Michael Mas, Andreas Flache, and James A. Kitts -- Chapter 6. Modelling and Analysis of Safety Culture of Air Traffic Organizations in the National Culture Context; Alexei Sharpanskykh and Sybert H. Stroeve.-  Chapter 7. Monolingual Biases in Simulations of Cultural Transmission; Sean Roberts -- Part 3. Culture Simulation -- Chapter 8. Towards Agent-Based Models of Cultural Dynamics: A Case of Stereotypes; Jens Pfau, Yoshihisa Kashima and Liz Sonenberg -- Chapter 9. Matching and Mismatching Social Contexts; Bruce Edmonds -- Chapter 10. The Role of Stability in Cultural Evolution: Innovation and Conformity in Implicit Knowledge Discovery; Joanna J. Bryson -- Part 5. Culture-Sensitive Technology Design -- Chapter 11. Socially-Oriented Requirements Engineering - Software Engineering Meets Ethnography; Sonja Pedell, Tim Miller, Frank Vetere, Leon Sterling and Steve Howard -- Chapter 12. Cultural Broker Agents: A Framework for Managing Cultural Misunderstandings; Omar Gonzalez, Jean-Paul Barthes, and Felix Ramos -- Chapter 13. Culture Driven Game Design Method: Adapting serious games to the players’ culture; C.J. Meershoek, R. Kortmann, S.A. Meijer, E. Subrahmanian and A. Verbraeck.
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319017075
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXV, 398 p. 3 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 70
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The multidimensionality of hermeneutic phenomenology
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Technology Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Technology Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Phänomenologie ; Hermeneutik
    Abstract: This book offers new reflections on the life world, from both phenomenological and hermeneutic perspectives. It presents a prism for a new philosophy of science and technology, especially including the social sciences but also the environment as well as questions of ethics and philosophical aesthetics in addition to exploring the themes of theology and religion. Inspired by the many contributions made by the philosopher Joseph Kockelmans, this book examines the past, present, and future prospects of hermeneutic phenomenology. It raises key questions of truth and method as well as highlights both continental and analytic traditions of philosophy. Contributors to The Multidimensionality of Hermeneutic Phenomenology include leading scholars in the field as well as new voices representing analytic philosophers of science, hermeneutic and phenomenological philosophers of science, scholars of comparative literature, theorists of environmental studies, specialists in phenomenological ethics, and experts in classical hermeneutics
    Description / Table of Contents: ForewordD. Ginev, The Universality of Hermeneutics in Joseph Kockelmans’s Version of Hermeneutic Phenomenology -- Introduction -- B. Babich, The Multidimensionality of Hermeneutic Phenomenology: Philology, Science, Technology, Theology -- PART I. Cognition, Bio-Hermeneutics, and Lifeworld -- N. Rescher, A Paradox of Cognition -- D. Ginev, The Articulation of a Scientific Domain from the Viewpoint of Hermeneutic Phenomenology: The Case of Vectorial Metabolism -- G. Schiemann, Husserl and Schütz: Reflections on Science and Life-World -- G. Leghissa, Phenomenology and the Humanities or Towards a Critical Genealogy of the Life-World -- R. Frodeman, Hermeneutics in the Field: The Philosophy of Geology -- R. Crease, The Metroscape: Phenomenology of Measurement -- PART II. Hermeneutic and Phenomenological Philosophy of Science and Technology -- P. Heelan, Consciousness, Quantum Physics, and Hermeneutical Phenomenology -- M. Stölzner, Die ewige Wiederkunft wissenschaftlich betrachtet. Oskar Beckers Nietzscheinterpretation im Kontext -- T. Kisiel, Heidegger and Our 21st Century Experience of Ge-Stell -- B. Babich, Constellating Technology: Heidegger’s Die Gefahr / The Danger -- L. Ma & J. V. Brakel, What Modern Science Is: ‘Technology’ -- H. Schmid, Logos and the Essence of Technology -- PART III. Philosophical Truth, Hermeneutic Aesthetics, and History of Philosophy -- G. Nicholson, On the Manifold Meaning of Truth in Aristotle -- J. Malpas, The Twofold Character of Truth: Heidegger, Davidson, Tugendhat -- J. Faye, What can Philosophy of Science Learn from Hermeneutics-What Can Hermeneutics Learn From Philosophy of Science? With an Excursus on Botticelli -- E. Berti, The Classical Notion of Person and its Criticism by Modern Philosophy -- PART IV.Hermeneutic Science and First Philosophy, Theology and the Universe -- P. Kerszberg, Philosophie des sciences et philosophie première -- A. Peperzak, A Re-Reading of Heidegger’s “Phenomenology and Theology” -- R. Gasché, The Remainders of Faith: On Karl Löwith’s Conception of Secularization -- S. Glynn, The Hermeneutics of God, the Universe, and Everything -- Contributors -- Index.
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319014210
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 207 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 26
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Tipton, Jason A. Philosophical biology in Aristotle's parts of animals
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Aristoteles v384-v322 De partibus animalium ; Tiere ; Naturphilosophie ; Aristoteles v384-v322 De partibus animalium ; Tiere ; Naturphilosophie
    Abstract: This book provides a detailed analysis of Aristotle's Parts of Animals. It takes its bearings from the detailed natural history observations that inform, and in many ways penetrate, the philosophical argument. This analysis raises the question of how easy it is to clearly disentangle what some might describe as the "merely" biological from the philosophical. This book explores the notion and consequences of describing the activity in which Aristotle is engaged as philosophical biology. Do readers of Aristotle have in mind organisms like sea squirts (ascidians) or sea cucumbers (holuthurians) when trying to understand Aristotle's argument regarding plant-like animals? Do we need the phenomena in front of us to understand the terms of the philosophical argument in a richer way? The discussion of plant-like animals is important to Aristotle because of the apparent continuum between plant and animal life. Where does Aristotle draw the line? Plant-like animals bring this question into focus and demonstrate the indeterminacy of any potential solution to the division. This analysis of the Parts of Animals shows that the study of the nature of the organic world was Aristotle's way into such ontological problems as the relationship between matter and form, the interplay between form and function, and the heterogeneity of the many different kinds of being
    Description / Table of Contents: DedicationAcknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: Aristotle’s Philosophy and Biology: The biological phenomena.- Chapter 2: The Problem of Beginnings -- Chapter 3: Recognizing Sameness and Otherness in Animals -- Chapter 4: The Examination of the Animate in Light of the Inanimate: or,The Argument for the Autonomy of the Zoological Inquiry -- Chapter 5: Finding Fault with Nature -- Chapter 6: The Division and Combination of Labor -- Bibiography - Editions, Translations and Commentaries -- Index.
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319013909
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 331 p. 6 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 69
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. International and Interdisciplinary Conference Phenomenology, Social Sciences, and the Arts (2009 : Konstanz) The interrelation of phenomenology, social sciences and the arts
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Humanities ; Kongress ; Konstanz ; Kunst ; Phänomenologie ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This book features papers written by renowned international scholars that analyze the interdependence of art, phenomenology, and social science. The papers show how the analysis of the production as well as the perception and interpretation of art work needs to take into consideration the subjective viewpoint of the artist in addition to that of the interpreter. Phenomenology allows a description of the subjectively centered life-world of the individual actor-artist or interpreter-and the objective structures of literature, music, and the aesthetic domain in general. The perspective of social science serves to reconstruct the socio-historical structure involved in the creation and reception of the art work. The authors concentrate on this specific theoretical focus which combines both phenomenology and social science and offers an innovative framework for the analysis of works of art from the fields of literature, music, visual arts, photography, and film. Some of the contributions present creative interpretations of a variety of distinct art works in addition to the realization of theoretical reflections on the interdependence of arts, phenomenology, and social science. This book features papers that were presented at the international and interdisciplinary conference Phenomenology, Social Sciences, and the Arts, held at the University of Konstanz, May 2009, in commemoration of philosopher and social scientist Alfred Schutz, the developer of phenomenologically oriented sociology. It will appeal to researchers, scholars, and students in phenomenology, social sciences, art theory, and the arts.
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionAesthetics and the Social Sciences -- Irrelevant Spheres and Vacancies of Artworks; Masato Kimura -- Cultural Science in Literary Light; Lester Embree -- Projection, Imagination, and Novelty: Toward a Theory of Creative Action Based in Schutz; Hubert Knoblauch -- Imagination and the Social Sciences; Hisashi Nasu -- Functional Purposelessness: The ‘Practical Meaning’ of Aesthetics; Hans-Georg Soeffner -- Art as a Paradoxical Form of Communication; Ilja Srubar -- When Sociology Meets the Work of Art: Analytical and Frameworks to Study Artistic Production and Reception; Anna Lisa Tota -- Literature -- Crossing the Finite Provinces of Meaning: Experience and Metaphorizing of Literature and Arts; Gerd Sebald -- Sancho Panza and Don Quijote: The Documentary and the Phenomenological Method of Analyzing Art Works; Amalia Barboza -- Literature as Societal Therapy: Appresentation, Epoché, and Beloved; Michael Barber -- The Man without Qualities and the Problem of Multiple Realities-Alfred Schutz and Robert Musil Revisited; Martin Endress -- Entangled into Histories or the Narrative Grounds of Multiple Realities; Annette Hilt -- The Universe that Others Call the Library: Reconstructing the Symbolic Mystifications of the World of Everyday Life; Jochen Dreher -- Music -- The Tuning-in Relationship: from a Social Theory of Music towards a Philosophical Understanding of Intersubjectivity; Carlos Belvedere -- Mutual Tuning-In Relationship and Phenomenological Psychology; Chung-Chi Yu -- Music, Meaning, and Sociality: From the Standpoint of a Social Phenomenologist; Andreas Göttlich -- Artistic Practice, Methodology and Subjectivity: The "I Can" As Practical Possibility and Original Consciousness; Andreas Georg Stascheit -- Musical Foundation of Interaction. Music as Intermediary Medium; Mototaka Mori -- Film and Photography -- Interpreting Film: The Case of Casablanca; George Psathas -- A Phenomenological Inquiry of Rashomon; Ken’ichi Kawano -- The Art of Making Photos: Some Phenomenological Reflections; Thomas S. Eberle.
    Note: Includes indexes
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319041629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 226 p. 3 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 121
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Riel, Raphael van, 1979 - The concept of reduction
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Mathematical statistics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Mathematical statistics ; Reduktionismus ; Elementarisierung ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This volume investigates the notion of reduction. Building on the idea that philosophers employ the term ‘reduction’ to reconcile diversity and directionality with unity, without relying on elimination, the book offers a powerful explication of an “ontological”, notion of reduction the extension of which is (primarily) formed by properties, kinds, individuals, or processes. It argues that related notions of reduction, such as theory-reduction and functional reduction, should be defined in terms of this explication. Thereby, the book offers a coherent framework, which sheds light on the history of the various reduction debates in the philosophy of science and in the philosophy of mind, and on related topics such as reduction and unification, the notion of a scientific level, and physicalism. The book takes its point of departure in the examination of a puzzle about reduction. To illustrate, the book takes as an example the reduction of water. If water reduces to H2O, then water is identical to H2O - thus we get unity. Unity does not come at the price of elimination - claiming that water reduces to H2O, we do not thereby claim that there is no water. But what about diversity and directionality? Intuitively, there should be a difference between water and H2O, such that we get diversity. This is required for there to be directionality: in a sense, if water reduces to H2O, then H2O is prior to, or more basic than water. At least, if water reduces to H2O, then H2O does not reduce to water. But how can this be, if water is identical to H2O? The book shows that the application of current models of reduction does not solve this puzzle, and proposes a new coherent definition, according to which unity is tied to identity, diversity is descriptive in nature, and directionality is the directionality of explanation
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceChapter 1. Introduction -- Part 1. The Concept of Reduction-An Explication -- Chapter 2. How to Approach Reduction: Explication and Meta-Science -- Chapter 3. The Puzzle of Reduction -- Chapter 4. Reductive Explanation and Mechanistic Explanation -- Chapter 5. Reductive Explanation -- Part 2. The Explication at Work -- Chapter 6. Reduction in the Philosophy of Mind -- Chapter 7. Conceptions of Reduction in the Philosophy of Science -- Chapter 8. Theory Reduction and Holism -- Chapter 9. Reduction Beyond the Reduction Debate -- Chapter 10. The Reductionist’s Commitment.
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    ISBN: 9783319043616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 293 p. 5 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind 14
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Active perception in the history of philosophy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Consciousness
    Abstract: The aim of the present work is to show the roots of the conception of perception as an active process, tracing the history of its development from Plato to modern philosophy. The contributors inquire into what activity is taken to mean in different theories, challenging traditional historical accounts of perception that stress the passivity of percipients in coming to know the external world. Special attention is paid to the psychological and physiological mechanisms of perception, rational and non-rational perception, and the role of awareness in the perceptual process. Perception has often been conceived as a process in which the passive aspects - such as the reception of sensory stimuli - were stressed and the active ones overlooked. However, during recent decades research in cognitive science and philosophy of mind has emphasized the activity of the subject in the process of sense perception, often associating this activity to the notions of attention and intentionality. Although it is recognized that there are ancient roots to the view that perception is fundamentally active, the history remains largely unexplored. The book is directed to all those interested in contemporary debates in the fields of philosophy of mind and cognitive psychology who would like to become acquainted with the historical background of active perception, but for historical reliability the aim is to make no compromises
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: The World as a Stereogram; José Filipe Silva and Mikko Yrjönsuuri2. Plato: Interaction Between the External Body and the Perceiver in the Timaeus; Pauliina Remes -- 3. Activity, Passivity, and Perceptual Discrimination in Aristotle; Klaus Corcilius -- 4. On Activity and Passivity in Perception: Aristotle, Philoponus, and Pseudo-Simplicius; Miira Tuominen -- 5. Augustine on Active Perception; José Filipe Silva -- 6. Avicenna on the Soul’s Activity in Perception; Jari Kaukua -- 7. Medieval Theories of Active Perception: An Overview; José Filipe Silva -- 8. Agent Sense in Averroes and Latin Averroism; Jean-Baptiste Brenet -- 9. Active Perception from Nicholas of Cusa to Thomas Hobbes; Cees Leijenhorst.-10. Seeing Distance; Mikko Yrjönsuuri -- 11. Descartes and Active Perception; Cecilia Wee -- 12 Locke and Active Perception; Vili Lähteenmäki -- 13. Spinoza on Activity in Sense Perception; Valtteri Viljanen.-14. Berkeley and Activity in Visual Perception; Ville Paukkonen.-15. Activity and Passivity in Theories of Perception: Descartes to Kant; Gary Hatfield. .
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319054858
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 265 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 24
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Zarefsky, David, 1946 - Rhetorical perspectives on argumentation
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Argumentation ; Rhetorik ; Argumentation ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This book contains 20 essays tracing the work of David Zarefsky, a leading North American scholar of argumentation from a rhetorical perspective. The essays cohere around 4 general themes: objectives for studying argumentation rhetorically, approaches to rhetorical study of argumentation, patterns and schemes of rhetorical argumentation, and case studies illustrating the potential of studying argumentation rhetorically. These articles are drawn from across Zarefsky’s 45-year career. Many of these articles originally appeared in publications that are difficult to access today, and this collection brings the reader up to date on the topic. Zarefsky’s scholarship focuses on the role of language in political argumentation, the ways in which argumentation creates public knowledge and belief, the influence of framing and context on what is said and understood, the deployment of particular patterns and schemes of argumentation in public reasoning, and the influence of debate on politics and governance. All these topics are addressed in this book. Each of the conceptual essays includes brief application to specific cases, and five extended case studies are also presented in this volume. The case studies cover different themes: two explore famous political debates, the third focuses on presidential rhetoric across the course of United States history, the fourth on the arguments for liberalism at a time of political polarization, and the fifth on the contemporary effort to engage the United States with the Muslim world. This book is of interest to scholars in the fields of philosophy, logic, law, philosophy of law, and legal history. The range of topics and concepts addressed, the interplay of concepts and cases and the unifying perspective of rhetorical argumentation make this book a valuable read for students of argumentative practice, whether rhetorically or otherwise.
    Description / Table of Contents: DedicationContents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part One: Objectives of Studying Argumentation Rhetorically -- 1. Reflections on Making the Case -- 2. Argument as Hypothesis Testing -- 3. Knowledge Claims in Rhetorical Criticism -- 4. What Does an Argument Culture Look Like?.- 5. Reclaiming Rhetoric’s Responsibilities.- Part Two: Approaches to Studying Argumentation Rhetorically -- 6. Product, Process, or Point of View? -- 7. Persistent Questions in the Theory of Argument Fields -- 8. Strategic Maneuvering in Political Argumentation -- 9. Taking the Jurisprudential Analogy Seriously -- Part Three: Patterns of Rhetorical Argumentation -- 10. Definitions -- 11. Strategic Maneuvering Through Persuasive Definitions: Implications for Dialectic and Rhetoric -- 12. Felicity Conditions for the Circumstantial Ad Hominem: The Case of Bush v. Gore -- 13. Terrorism and the Argument from Ignorance -- 14. Arguing about Values: The Problem of Public Moral Argument -- 15. The Appeal for Transcendence: A Possible Response to Cases of Deep Disagreement -- Part Four: Analyses of Rhetorical Argumentation -- 16. Conspiracy Arguments in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates.-  17. Turning Points in the Galesburg Debate -- 18. Presidential Rhetoric and the Power of Definition -- 19. The Impasse of the Liberal Argument: Speculation on American Politics in the Late 1960s.- 20. Pragma-Dialectical Analysis of Rhetorical Texts: The Case of Barack Obama in Cairo with Dima Mohammed.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319060255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LXIX, 1027 p. 115 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Outstanding Contributions to Logic 5
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Johan van Benthem on logic and information dynamics
    DDC: 160
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Logic design ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Logic design ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Benthem, Johan van 1949- ; Logik ; Computerlinguistik
    Abstract: This book illustrates the program of Logical-Informational Dynamics. Rational agents exploit the information available in the world in delicate ways, adopt a wide range of epistemic attitudes, and in that process, constantly change the world itself. Logical-Informational Dynamics is about logical systems putting such activities at center stage, focusing on the events by which we acquire information and change attitudes. Its contributions show many current logics of information and change at work, often in multi-agent settings where social behavior is essential, and often stressing Johan van Benthem's pioneering work in establishing this program. However, this is not a Festschrift, but a rich tapestry for a field with a wealth of strands of its own. The reader will see the state of the art in such topics as information update, belief change, preference, learning over time, and strategic interaction in games. Moreover, no tight boundary has been enforced, and some chapters add more general mathematical or philosophical foundations or links to current trends in computer science. The theme of this book lies at the interface of many disciplines. Logic is the main methodology, but the various chapters cross easily between mathematics, computer science, philosophy, linguistics, cognitive and social sciences, while also ranging from pure theory to empirical work. Accordingly, the authors of this book represent a wide variety of original thinkers from different research communities. And their interconnected themes challenge at the same time how we think of logic, philosophy and computation. Thus, very much in line with van Benthem's work over many decades, the volume shows how all these disciplines form a natural unity in the perspective of dynamic logicians (broadly conceived) exploring their new themes today. And at the same time, in doing so, it offers a broader conception of logic with a certain grandeur, moving its horizons beyond the traditional study of consequence relations
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; Preface by Johan van Benthem; Acknowledgements; On the Trails of Logical Dynamics:a bird's-eye view of this volume,by Alexandru Baltag and Sonja Smets; Part I Mathematical and Computational Perspectives; 1 The Freedoms of (Guarded) Bisimulation; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Bisimulation: Behavioural and Structural Equivalence; 1.2.1 Ehrenfeucht--Fraïssé, Back-and-forth, Zig-zag, Pebble Games: Games Model-Theorists Play; 1.2.2 Bisimulation in Modal Model Theory; 1.2.3 Tree Models and Robust Decidability of Modal Logics; 1.2.4 Expressive Completeness
    Description / Table of Contents: 1.3 Guarded Bisimulation: A Systematic Lifting to Higher Dimension1.3.1 Guardedness and the Guarded Fragment; 1.3.2 Guarded Bisimulation and Model Theory; 1.3.3 Guarded Bisimulation Invariance; 1.3.4 Decidability and Complexity for GF and Its Extensions; 1.3.5 Guarded Model Constructions; 1.3.6 Expressive Completeness; 1.4 Guarded Negation Bisimulation; 1.4.1 Homomorphisms and Bisimulation; 1.4.2 Towards a (Finite) Model Theory of Guarded Negation; 1.5 Summary; References; 2 Expressiveness Modulo Bisimilarity: A Coalgebraic Perspective; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Coalgebra and Modal Logic
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.2.1 Coalgebra2.2.2 Coalgebraic Logics; 2.2.3 Predicate Liftings; 2.3 Coalgebra Automata and MSO; 2.3.1 One-Step Syntax and Semantics; 2.3.2 Coalgebra Automata; 2.3.3 MSO As a Coalgebraic Fixpoint Logic; 2.4 One-Step Adequacy; 2.4.1 The General Case; 2.4.2 The Case of Kripke Models; 2.5 Main Result; 2.6 Conclusion; References; 3 Schema Mappings: A Case of Logical Dynamics in Database Theory; 3.1 Background: Relational Database Theory; 3.1.1 Database Schemas and Instances; 3.1.2 Database Queries; 3.1.3 First-Order Queries and Domain Independence; 3.1.4 Query Evaluation and Query Containment
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.1.5 Conjunctive Queries and Homomorphisms3.1.6 Database Constraints; 3.2 Schema Mappings; 3.3 Data Exchange: Moving Data from Source to Target; 3.3.1 Universal Solutions; 3.3.2 Constructing Universal Solutions Using the Chase; 3.3.3 Closure Under Target Homomorphisms; 3.4 Data Integration: Answering Target Queries Using Source Data; 3.4.1 Certain Answers; 3.4.2 Computing Certain Answers Via Query Rewriting; 3.5 Structural Characterizations of Schema Mapping Languages; 3.5.1 LAV Schema Mappings; 3.5.2 GAV Schema Mappings; 3.5.3 GLAV Schema Mappings; 3.6 Composing Schema Mappings
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.7 Concluding RemarksReferences; 4 On Dependence Logic; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Functional Dependence; 4.3 Independence Logic; 4.4 Conditional Independence; 4.5 Further Expressivity Results; 4.6 Belief Representation and Belief Dynamics; 4.7 Concluding Remarks; References; 5 Intensionality, Definability and Computation; 5.1 Introduction; 5.1.1 Computability Versus Computer Science; 5.1.2 Why Processes Matter in Computer Science; 5.1.3 Prospectus; 5.2 Intensionality Versus Extensionality; 5.2.1 Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Properties of Functions; 5.2.2 Examples
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.2.3 A Non-example: Computability
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Johan van BenthemIntroduction; Alexandru Baltag and Sonja Smets -- Part I. Mathematical and Computational Perspectives -- The Freedoms of (Guarded) Bisimulation; Erich Grädel and Martin Otto -- Expressiveness Modulo Bisimilarity: A Coalgebraic Perspective; Yde Venema -- Schema Mappings: A Case of Logical Dynamics in Database Theory; Balder ten Cate and Phokion G. Kolaitis -- On Dependence Logic; Pietro Galliani, Jouko Väänänen -- Intensionality, Definability and Computation; Samson Abramsky -- Comparing Theories: The Dynamics of Changing Vocabulary; Hajnal Andréka and István Németi -- Part II. Dynamics of Knowledge and Belief Over Time -- Dynamic Epistemic Logics; Jan van Eijck -- Belief Revision and Dynamic Logic; Patrick Girard and Hans Rott -- Temporal Aspects of the Dynamics of Knowledge; Valentin Goranko and Eric Pacuit -- Logic and Learning; Nina Gierasimczuk, Vincent F. Hendricks, and Dick de Jongh -- A Computational Learning Semantics for Inductive Empirical Knowledge; Kevin T. Kelly -- Structures for Epistemic Logic; Nick Bezhanishvili and Wiebe van der Hoek -- Logic and Probabilistic Update; Lorenz Demey and Barteld Kooi -- Belief as a Simplification of Probability, and What This Entails; Hannes Leitgeb -- Part III. Games -- Logic and Game Theory; Giacomo Bonanno and Cédric Dégremont -- Knowledge Games and Coalitional Abilities; Thomas ågotnes and Hans van Ditmarsch -- On Definitive Solutions of Strategic Games; Sergei Artemov -- Logical Player Types for a Theory of Play; Ram Ramanujam -- An Alternative Analysis of Signaling Games; Gabriel Sandu -- Part IV. Agency -- Them and Us: Autonomous Agents in Vivo and in Silico; Peter Millican and Michael Wooldridge -- Incorporating Action Models into the Situation Calculus; Yongmei Liu and Hector J. Levesque -- Roles, Rigidity, and Quantification in Epistemic Logic; Wesley H. Holliday and John Perry -- Stit Logics, Games, Knowledge, and Freedom; Roberto Ciuni and John Horty -- The Logic of Best Actions from a Deontic Perspective; Olivier Roy, Albert J.J. Anglberger and Norbert Gratzl -- When Are Two Arguments the Same? Equivalence in Abstract Argumentation; Dov Gabbay and Davide Grossi -- Part V. Language and Cognition -- Three Etudes on Logical Dynamics and the Program of Natural Logic; Lawrence S. Moss -- From Good to Better: Using Contextual Shifts to Define Preference in Terms of Monadic Value; Sven Ove Hansson and Fenrong Liu -- Arguing about Dynamic Meaning; Martin Stokhof -- Logic of and for Language, and Logic of and for Mind; Hans Kamp -- Logic and Complexity in Cognitive Science; Alistair M.C. Isaac and Jakub Szymanik and Rineke Verbrugge -- Computational Complexity and Cognitive Science: How the Body and the World Help the Mind be Efficient; Peter Gärdenfors -- Part VI. Styles of Reasoning -- Dynamic vs. Classical consequence; Denis Bonnay and Dag Westerståhl -- Dynamic Epistemic Logic as a Substructural Logic; Guillaume Aucher -- Arrows Pointing at Arrows: Arrow Logic, Relevance Logic, and Relation Algebras; J. Michael Dunn -- Situation Theory Reconsidered; Jeremy Seligman -- Unified Correspondence; Willem Conradie, Silvio Ghilardi, Alessandra Palmigiano -- Conclusions -- Reflections; Johan van Benthem -- Scientific Autobiography; Johan van Benthem -- Bibliography -- Publications. .
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319026480
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 154 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Crespo, Ricardo F. Philosophy of the economy
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsphilosophie ; Wirtschaftsethik ; Kommunitarismus ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Economics Methodology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Economics Methodology ; Economics Methodology ; Ethics ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Political science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Wirtschaftsphilosophie ; Aristotelismus ; Wirtschaftsphilosophie ; Aristotelismus
    Abstract: This book develops a philosophical analysis of economic reality and economic science from an Aristotelian point of view. It is the result of many years of thinking and philosophical study about these topics. It differs from other philosophy of economics books as it also deals with economic reality (not only the science) and approaches its subject from an Aristotelian perspective. It differs from other Aristotelian studies about economics as it covers the whole of philosophy of the economy. This book argues why Aristotles thinking guarantees an appropriate interdisciplinary synthesis.
    Abstract: This book develops a philosophical analysis of economic reality and economic science from an Aristotelian point of view. It is the result of many years of thinking and philosophical study about these topics. It differs from other philosophy of economics books as it also deals with economic reality (not only the science) and approaches its subject from an Aristotelian perspective. It differs from other Aristotelian studies about economics as it covers the whole of philosophy of the economy. This book argues why Aristotle’s thinking guarantees an appropriate interdisciplinary synthesis
    Description / Table of Contents: Table of ContentsAnalytical Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments.- I. Introduction: Why a Philosophy of the Economy and Why an Aristotelian Approach? -- Part 1: “The Economic” and its Science: A Philosophical Approach -- II. “The Economic” -- III. Economic Science -- IV. Characteristics and Methods of Economic Science -- V. Economics and Ethics -- VI. Models and Measurements -- VII. Ideas on Economic Science and its Method over the Past Sixty Years -- Phase I:  Traditional Orthodoxy -- Phase II: “Mainstream Pluralism” -- Part 2: Economic Activity -- VIII. Economic Activities -- IX. Human Labor -- X. Capital and the Entrepreneurial Factor -- XI. Global Crises and Globalization -- XII. Concluding Remarks.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319027029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 215 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 35
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The discourse of sensibility
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Science History ; Philosophy (General) ; Medicine ; Science, general ; Science History ; Philosophy (General) ; Medicine ; Enlightenment Congresses ; Philosophical anthropology Congresses ; Self (Philosophy) Congresses ; Konferenzschrift 2010 ; Leiblichkeit ; Wahrnehmung ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This volume reconstructs the body of sensibility and the discourse which constructed it. The discourse of sensibility was deployed very widely throughout the mid- to late-eighteenth century, particularly in France and Britain. To inquire into the body of sensibility is then necessarily to enter into an interdisciplinary space and so to invite the plurality of methodological approaches which this collection exemplifies. The chapters collected here draw together the histories of literature and aesthetics, metaphysics and epistemology, moral theory, medicine, and cultural history. Together, they contribute to four major themes: First, the collection reconstructs various modes by which the sympathetic subject was construed or scripted, including through the theatre, poetry, literature, and medical and philosophical treaties. It secondly draws out those techniques of affective pedagogy which were implied by the medicalisation of the knowing body, and thirdly highlights the manner in which the body of sensibility was constructed as simultaneously particular and universal. Finally, it illustrates the ‘centrifugal forces’ at play within the discourse, and the anxiety which often accompanied them. At the centre of eighteenth-century thought was a very particular object: the body of sensibility, the Enlightenment’s knowing body. The persona of the knowledge-seeker was constructed by drawing together mind and matter, thought and feeling. And so where the Enlightenment thinker is generally associated with reason, truth-telling, and social and political reform, the Enlightenment is also known for its valorisation of emotion. During the period, intellectual pursuits were envisioned as having a distinctly embodied and emotional aspect. The body of ‘sensibility’ encompassed these apparently disparate strands and was associated with terms including ‘sentimental’, ‘sentiment’, ‘sense’, ‘sensation’, and ‘sympathy’
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgementsTable of Contents -- Contributors -- 1. The Discourse of Sensibilité: The Knowing Body in the Enlightenment; Henry Martyn Lloyd -- 2. Richard Steele and the Rise of Sentiment’s Empire; Bridget Orr -- 3. Rochester’s Libertine Poetry as Philosophical Education; Brandon Chua and Justin Clemens -- 4. Emotional Sensations and the Moral Imagination in Malebranche; Jordan Taylor -- 5. Feeling Better: Moral Sense and Sensibility in Enlightenment Thought; Alexander Cook -- 6. Physician, Heal Thyself! Emotions and the Health of the Learned in Samuel Auguste André David Tissot (1728-1797) and Gerard Nicolaas Heerkens (1728-1801); Yasmin Haskell -- 7. Penseurs profonds: Sensibility and the Knowledge-Seeker in Eighteenth-Century France; Anne C. Vila -- 8. Sensibility as Vital Force or as Property of Matter in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Debates; Charles T. Wolfe -- 9. Sensibilité, Embodied Epistemology, and the French Enlightenment; Henry Martyn Lloyd -- 10. Sensibility in Ruins: Imagined Realities, Perception Machines, and the Problem of Experience in Modernity -- Peter Otto.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319016160
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIX, 356 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 71
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The phenomenology of embodied subjectivity
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Consciousness ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Phänomenologie ; Leib ; Leiblichkeit ; Wahrnehmung ; Gesundheit ; Bewusstsein ; Intersubjektivität
    Abstract: The 17 original essays of this volume explore the relevance of the phenomenological approach to contemporary debates concerning the role of embodiment in our cognitive, emotional and practical life. The papers demonstrate the theoretical vitality and critical potential of the phenomenological tradition both through critically engagement with other disciplines (medical anthropology, psychoanalysis, psychiatry, the cognitive sciences) and through the articulation of novel interpretations of classical works in the tradition, in particular the works of Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Jean-Paul Sartre. The concrete phenomena analyzed in this book include: chronic pain, anorexia, melancholia and depression
    Description / Table of Contents: Editors’ Introduction, R.T. Jensen & D. MoranPart I: The Acting Body: Habit, Freedom and Imagination -- 1. Habit and Attention, K. Romdenh-Romluc -- 2. Affordances and Unreflective Freedom, E. Rietveld -- 3. Merleau-Ponty and the Transcendental Problem concerning Bodily Agency, R.T. Jensen -- 4. Imagination, Embodiment and Situatedness: Using Husserl to Dispel (Some) Notions of ‘Off-Line Thinking’, J. Jansen -- Part II: : The Body in Perception: Normality and the Constitution of Life-World -- 5. Transcendental Intersubjectivity and Normality: Constitution by Mortals, S. Heinämaa -- 6. The Body as a System of Concordance and the Perceptual World, I. de los Reyes Melero -- 7. Life-world as an Embodiment of Spiritual Meaning:  The Constitutive Dynamics of Activity and Passivity in Husserl, S. Pulkkinen -- 8. Intersubjectivity, Interculturality, and Realities in Husserl Research Manuscripts on the Life-world (Hua XXXIX), T. Nenon -- Part III: The Body in Sickness and Health: Some Case Studies -- 9. Chronic Pain in Phenomenological/Anthropological Perspective, K. Morris -- 10. Inter-Subjectively Meaningful Symptoms in Anorexia, D. Legrand -- 11. The Alteration of Embodiment in Melancholia, S. Micali -- 12. The Structure of Interpersonal Experience, M. Ratcliffe -- Part IV: Intercorporeality and Intersubjectivity: Ideality, Language and Community -- 13. Facts and Fantasies - Embodiment and the early Formation of Selfhood, J. Taipale -- 14. Self-variation and Self-modification - or the different Ways of Being Other, C. Lobo -- 15. The Phenomenology of Embodiment: Intertwining and Reflexivity, D. Moran -- 16. Language as the Embodiment of Geometry, T. Baldwin -- 17. The Body Politic: Husserl and the Embodied Community, T. Miettinen.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319010113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXI, 647 p. 12 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology 1
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Perspectives on pragmatics and philosophy
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Pragmatism ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Pragmatism ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Pragmatik ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This book is about the pragmatics of language and it illustrates how pragmatics transcends the boundaries of linguistics. This volume covers Gricean pragmatics as well as topics including: conversation and collective belief, the norm of assertion, speech acts, what a context is, the distinction between semantics and pragmatics and implicature and explicature, pragmatics and epistemology, the pragmatics of belief, quotation, negation, implicature and argumentation theory, Habermas’ Universal Pragmatics, Dascal’s theory of the dialectical self, theories and theoretical discussions on the nature of pragmatics from a philosophical point of view. Conversational implicatures are generally meaning augmentations on top of explicatures, whilst explicatures figure prominently in what is said. Discussions in this work reveal their characteristics and tensions within current theories relating to explicatures and implicatures. Authors show that explicatures and implicatures are calculable and not (directly) tied to conventional meaning. Pragmatics has a role to play in dealing with philosophical problems and this volume presents research that defines boundaries and gives a stable picture of pragmatics and philosophy. World renowned academic experts in philosophy and pragmalinguistics ask important theoretical questions and interact in a way that can be easily grasped by those from disciplines other than philosophy, such as anthropology, literary theory and law. A second volume in this series is also available, which covers the perspective of linguists who have been influenced by philosophy
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Margaret Gilbert and  Maura Priest, Conversation and collective beliefChapter 2. Martin Montminy,  The single norm of assertion -- Chapter 3. András Kertesz and  Ferenc  Kiefer, From thought experiments to real experiments in pragmatics -- Chapter 4. Michael Devitt, What makes a property “semantic”? -- Chapter 5. Steven Gross, What is a context? -- Chapter 6. Michael Haugh, Implicature, inference and cancellability -- Chapter 7. Siobhan Chapman, Grice, conversational implicature and philosophy -- Chapter 8. Claudia Bianchi, Writing letters in the age of Grice -- Chapter 9. Douglas Walton and Fabrizio Macagno,  Implicatures as forms of argument -- Chapter 10. Marina Sbisà, Some remarks about speech act pluralism -- Chapter 11. Michel Seymour,  Speech act pluralism, minimal content and pragmemes -- Chapter 12. Paolo Leonardi, Language adds to context -- Chapter 13. Kepa Korta,  John Perry, Squaring the circle -- Chapter 14. Wayne Davis, Irregular negations: Pragmatic explicature theories -- Chapter 15. Anne Bezuidenhout, The (in)significance of the referential/attributive distinction -- Chapter 16. Paul Saka, Quotation and the use-mention distinction -- Chapter 17. Nellie Wieland, Indirect reports and pragmatics -- Chapter 18. Alessandro Capone, Immunity to error through misidentification (IEM), ‘de se’ and pragmatic intrusion): a linguistic treatment -- Chapter 19. Alessandro, Capone, Further reflections on Semantic  Minimalism: Reply to Wedgwood -- Chapter 20. Igor Douven,  Putting the pragmatics of beliefs to work -- Chapter 21. Alberto Voltolini, Contexts, fiction and truth -- Chapter 22. Alec McHoul, Pragmatics and philosophy: three notes in search of a footing -- Chapter 23. Luvell Anderson and Ernie Lepore, A brief essay on Slurs -- Chapter 24. Frans van Eemeren and Bart Garssen, Viewing the study of argumentation as normative pragmatics -- Chapter 25. Francesca Piazza, Rhetoric and pragmatics: suggestions for a fruitful dialogue -- Chapter 26. Marcelo Dascal, Debating with myself: Towards the psycho-pragmatics and onto-pragmatics of the dialectical self -- Chapter 27. Lo Piparo, Franco. Truth, negation and meaning.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9783319013060
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 510 p. 24 illus., 4 illus. in color) , online resource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The European Philosophy of Science Association Proceedings 2
    DDC: 501
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift 2011
    Abstract: This book contains a selection of original conference papers covering all major fields in the philosophy of science, that have been organized into themes. The first section of this volume begins with the formal philosophy of science, moves on to idealization, representation and explanation and then finishes with realism, anti-realism and special science laws. The second section covers the philosophy of the physical sciences, looking at quantum mechanics, spontaneous symmetry breaking, the philosophy of space and time, linking physics and metaphysics and the philosophy of chemistry.   Further themed sections cover the philosophies of the life sciences, the cognitive sciences and the social sciences. Readers will find that this volume provides an excellent overview of the state of the art in the philosophy of science, as practiced in different European countries
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; Introduction; Part I: Philosophy of Science: Formal Philosophy of Science; Evidence, Argument and Prediction; 1 The Context and the Problem; 2 The Argument Theory of Evidence; 2.1; 2.2 Some Objections and Answers; 2.3 An Alternative Account of Objective Evidence and Why I Do Not Adopt It; 3 What Makes RCTs Evidence for Effectiveness?; 4 Conclusion; References; Models, Simulations, and Analogical Inference; 1 Models as Representations; 2 Inferences About the Target; 3 Analogy and Similarity Models; 4 Successful Models and Realism; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Intuitionistic Semantics for Fitch's Paradox1 Strong Negation and Fitch's Proof; 2 The Shortcomings of this Solution; 3 A Dilemma for the Intuitionist; 4 Weak Negation and Beth Condition for Existential Quantification; 5 Formal Account; 6 Conclusion; References; Correlation and Truth; 1 Introduction; 2 The Role of Correlation in Bayesian Epistemology; 2.1 Correlation Measures; 2.2 Correlation and Confirmation; 2.3 Correlation and Coherence; 2.4 Correlation and Explanatory Power; 3 Correlation and Truth; 3.1 Correlation, Confirmation, and Truth; 3.2 Correlation, Coherence, and Truth
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.3 Correlation, Explanatory Power, and Truth4 Conclusions; References; The Limits of Probabilism; 1 Introduction; 2 The Argument from Conventions; 2.1 Abstract Scientific Theories Contain Conventions; 2.2 No Probabilities for Conventions; 2.3 Criticizing the Conventional-Empirical Distinction; 2.4 Bringing Together the Argument; 3 Conclusion; References; Part II: Philosophy of Science: Idealization, Representation and Explanation; How Organization Explains; 1 Introduction; 2 A Toolbox for Understanding Mechanistic Explanation; 3 Constitutive Explanation and Manipulation
    Description / Table of Contents: 4 Organizational Dependence as Non-Aggregativity5 Dimensions of Organizational Dependence; 6 The Organization of Segregation; 7 Network Motifs in Gene Regulation Networks; 8 Conclusions; References; Mechanistic Explanation: Asymmetry Lost; 1 Introduction; 2 Explanatory Asymmetry Lost?; 3 Explanatory Asymmetry Saved?; 4 The Metaphysics of Mechanisms; 5 Individuating Mechanism Boundaries; 6 Conclusion; References; Deflationism on Scientific Representation; 1 The Deflationary View; 2 Analyzing Deflationism; 3 Criticizing Deflationism; References; Idealization in Physics Modeling; 1 Introduction
    Description / Table of Contents: 2 Isolation and Stabilization3 Decomposition; 4 Conclusion; References; Explanatory Models Versus Predictive Models: Reduced Complexity Modeling in Geomorphology; 1 Introduction; 2 Reduced Complexity Models: "Reductionism" Versus "Synthesism"; 3 Case #1: The MP Model Explanation of Braided Rivers; 4 Case #2: The Model-Explanation of Rip Currents; 5 Conclusion: Some Philosophical Lessons from Geomorphology; References; Part III: Philosophy of Science: Realism, Anti-realism and Special Science Laws; The Ultimate Argument Against Convergent Realism and Structural Realism: The Impasse Objection
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Targets of the Impasse Objection
    Description / Table of Contents: Philosophy of ScienceFormal Philosophy of Science --  1. Nancy Cartwright: Evidence, Argument and Prediction (Plenary Lecture) --  2. Ilkka Niiniluoto: Models, Simulations, and Analogical Inference --  3. Doukas Kapantaïs: Intuitionistic Semantics for Fitch’s Paradox --  4. Peter Brössel: Correlation and Truth --   5. Wolfgang Pietsch: The Limits of Probabilism -- Idealization, Representation and Explanation --  6. Jaakko Kuorikoski and Petri Ylikoski: How Organization Explains --  7. Samuel Schindler: Mechanistic Explanation: Asymmetry Lost --   8. Chuang Liu: Deflationism on Scientific Representation --  9. Demetris Portides: Idealization in Physics Modeling --  10. Alisa Bokulich: Explanatory Models vs. Predictive Models: Reduced Complexity Modeling in Geomorphology -- Realism, Anti-realism and Special Science Laws --  11. Paul Hoyningen-Huene: The Ultimate Argument against Convergent Realism and Structural Realism: The Impasse Objection --  12. Simon Fitzpatrick: Doing Away with the No Miracles Argument --  13. Alberto Cordero: Theory-Parts for Scientific Realists --  14. Samuli Pöyhönen: Natural Kinds and Concept Eliminativism --  15. Andreas Hüttemann and Alexander Reutlinger: Against the Statistical Account of Special Science Laws -- Philosophy of the Physical Sciences -- Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics --  16. Richard Healey: How to Use Quantum Theory Locally to Explain EPR-Bell Correlations --  17. Juan Sebastián Ardenghi, Olimpia Lombardi and Martín Narvaja: Modal Interpretations and Consecutive Measurements --  18. Foad Dizadji-Bahmani: Why I am not an Everettian --  19. Nazim Bouatta and Jeremy Butterfield: The Emergence of Integrability in Gauge Theories -- Perspectives on Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking --  20. Arianna Borrelli and Michael Stöltzner: Model Landscapes in the Higgs Sector --  21. Koray Karaca: Practical Unification of Solid-State and Particle Physics in the Construction of the Higgs Mechanism -- Philosophy of Space and Time --  22. Svend Rugh and Henrik Zinkernagel: A Critical Note on Time in the Multiverse --  23. Daniel Wohlfarth: A New View of “Fundamentality” for Time Asymmetries in Modern Physics -- From Physics to Metaphysics --  24. Mauro Dorato: How to Combine and not to Combine Physics and Metaphysics --   25. Kerry Mckenzie: How (Not) to be a Humean Structuralist -- Philosophy of Chemistry --  26. Paul Needham: What Does Hydrogen Bonding Say About the Nature of the Chemical Bond? --  27. Robin Hendry: The Metaphysics of Molecular Structure -- Philosophy of the Life Sciences --  28. Christopher Pearson: Description, Explanation and Explanatory Depth in Developmental Biology --  29. Bettina Schmietow and Lorenzo Del Savio: Synthetic Genomics and the Causal Role of Genes: What Has Been Shown and Why It Matters -- Biological Knowledge and Structural Realism --  30. Steven French: Eschewing Entities: Outlining a Biology Based Form of Structural Realism --  31. Holger Lyre: Must Structural Realism Cover the Special Sciences? -- Philosophy of the Cognitive Sciences --  32. Lilia Gurova: Principles vs. Mechanisms in Cognitive Science --   33. Víctor Verdejo: Computationalism, Connectionism, Dynamicism and Beyond: Looking for an Integrated Approach to Cognitive Science --   34. Lieven Decock and Igor Douven: Qualia Change and Colour Science --  35. Panagiotis Oulis: Explanatory Coherence, Partial Truth and Diagnostic Validity in Psychiatry -- Philosophy of the Social Sciences --  36. Uskali Mäki: Performativity: Saving Austin from Mackenzie --   37. Lisa Osbeck and Nancy Nersessian: Beyond Motivation and Metaphor: ‘Scientific Passions’ and Anthropomorphism --  38. Maria Cristina Amoretti and Nicla Vassallo: A Way of Saving Normative Epistemology? Scientific Knowledge Without Standpoint Theories --  39. Matthew J. Brown: The Democratic Control of the Scientific Control of Politics --  40. Alejandro Rosas: Harm, Reciprocity and the Moral Domain.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319010144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 543 p. 7 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology 2
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Perspectives on linguistic pragmatics
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Pragmatik ; Pragmatik
    Abstract: This volume provides insight into linguistic pragmatics from the perspective of linguists who have been influenced by philosophy. Theory of Mind and perspectives on point of view are presented along with other topics including: semantics vs. semiotics, clinical pragmatics, explicatures, cancellability of explicatures, interactive language use, reference, common ground, presupposition, definiteness, logophoricity and point of view in connection with pragmatic inference, pragmemes and language games, pragmatics and artificial languages, the mechanism of the form/content correlation from a pragmatic point of view, amongst other issues relating to language use. Relevance Theory is introduced as an important framework, allowing readers to familiarize themselves with technical details and linguistic terminology. This book follows on from the first volume: both contain the work of world renowned experts who discuss theories relevant to pragmatics. Here, the relationship between semantics and pragmatics is explored: conversational explicatures are a way to bridge the gap in semantics between underdetermined logical forms and full propositional content. These volumes are written in an accessible way and work well both as a stimulus to further research and as a guide to less experienced researchers and students who would like to know more about this vast, complex, and difficult field of inquiry
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Noel Burton-Roberts, Meaning, semantics and semiotics.-  Chapter 2. Louise Cummings, Clinical pragmatics and theory of mindChapter 3. Nicholas Allott, Relevance Theory -- Chapter 4. Alison Hall, Relevance theory, semantic content and pragmatic enrichment -- Chapter 5. Alessandro Capone, Explicatures are NOT cancellable -- Chapter 6. Alessandro, Capone, The pragmatics of indirect reports and slurring -- Chapter 7. Eleni Gregoromichelaki and Ruth Kempson, Grammars as processes for interactive language use: incrementality and the emergence of joint intentionality -- Chapter 8. Yan Huang, Logophoricity and neo-Gricean truth-conditional pragmatics -- Chapter 9. Eros Corazza, Some notes on point of view -- Chapter 10. Keith Allan, Referring to what counts as the referent -- Chapter 11. Keith Allan, What is common ground? -- Chapter 12. Bart Geurts and Emar Maier Layered Discourse Representation Theory -- Chapter 13. Mandy Simons, On the conversational basis of some presuppositions -- Chapter 14. Klaus von Heusinger, The salience  theory of  definiteness -- Chapter 15. Istvan Kecskes and Fenghui Zhang,  On the dynamic relationship between common ground and presupposition -- Chapter 16. Alan Libert, What can pragmaticists learn from studying artificial languages? -- Chapter 17. Sorin Stati, Implicit propositions in an argumentative approach -- Chapter 18. Marco Mazzone, Automatic and controlled processes in pragmatics -- Chapter 19. Dorota Zielinska, The mechanism of the form-content correlation process in the paradigm of empirical sciences -- Chapter 20. Marco Carapezza and Pierluigi Biancini, Language game: calcolus or pragmatic act?.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319019796
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 104 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Crossroads of Knowledge 1
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Challenging popular myths of sex, gender and biology
    DDC: 305.3
    RVK:
    Keywords: History ; Evolutionary biology ; Sociology ; Sex (Psychology) ; Gender expression ; Gender identity ; Psychology ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Evolution (Biology) ; Humanities ; Developmental psychology ; Developmental psychology ; Evolution (Biology) ; Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; Psychology ; Science History ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Geschlechtsunterschied ; Evolutionspsychologie ; Evolutionsbiologie ; Soziale Konstruktion ; Geschlechterforschung ; Sexualität
    Abstract: This edited volume challenges popular notions of sex, gender and biology and features international, trans-disciplinary research. The book begins with an exploration of supposedly ‘natural’ sexual differences, then looks at research in evolutionary biology and examines topics such as gender stereotypes in humans. The first chapters explore important questions: What are the fundamental sex differences? How do genes and hormones influence an individual’s sex? Subsequent chapters concern topics including: sex stereotypes in the field of sexual conflict, how the focus on genes in evolutionary biology disregards other means of inheritance, and the development of Darwin's theory of sex differences. The last three chapters look at humans, discussing: an interdisciplinary approach to the evolution of sex differences in body height, biological versus social constructive perspectives on the gendering of voices and nature-culture arguments in the current political debate on paternity leave in Norway
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionFundamental differences between females and males? -- Genes and hormones - what make up an individual's sex? -- Sexual conflict and the dilemma of stereotyping the sexes -- Sex, gender and evolution beyond genes -- Beyond coy females and eager males: the evolution of Darwin’s sexual selection -- Human sex differences in height: Evolution due to gender hierarchy? -- How do voices become gendered? A critical examination of everyday and medical constructions of the relationship between voice, sex and gender identity -- Parenthood in Norway: Between politics and science.
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