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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (113)
  • 1980-1984  (113)
  • Boston, MA : Springer US  (113)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 Lead in the atmosphere -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Sources of lead in air -- 2.3 Concentrations of lead in ambient air -- 2.4 Particle size distributions -- 2.5 Chemical properties of atmospheric lead -- References -- 3 Lead in water -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sources of lead in surface waters -- 3.3 Concentrations of lead in water -- 3.4 Chemistry of lead in water -- References -- 4 Lead in soils -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sources of lead in soil -- 4.3 Concentrations of lead in soil -- 4.4 Uptake of soil lead by living organisms -- 4.5 Chemistry of lead in soils -- 4.6 Lead in street dusts -- References -- 5 Control of lead in air -- 5.1 Industrial sources of lead -- 5.2 Control of industrial emissions of lead -- 5.3 Legislative regulations affecting industrial lead emissions -- 5.4 Control of lead emissions from motor vehicles -- 5.5 Ambient air quality standard for lead -- 5.6 Control of lead within the workplace -- References -- 6 Control of lead discharges to water -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Water quality criteria and standards -- 6.3 Uniform emission standards versus water quality objectives -- 6.4 Control practices for lead discharges -- References -- 7 Human exposure to lead and its effects -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Sources and intake of lead -- 7.3 Uptake of lead -- 7.4 Metabolism of lead -- 7.5 Blood leads -- 7.6 Biological and adverse health effects of exposure to lead -- References -- 8 Chemical analysis of lead in the environment -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Chemical analysis of lead: available techniques -- 8.3 Sampling and analysis of environmental media -- 8.4 Contamination during lead analysis -- References.
    Abstract: At the time of writing, the topic of lead pollution is the subject of an intense and sometimes heated debate. The argument centres upon possible adverse health effects arising from exposure of children to current environmental levels of lead. Such arguments now appear little closer to resolution than they did five years ago, although the development of ever more sophisticated biochemical and epidemiological techniques may eventually provide an answer. Over the past five to ten years, as the general public has become aware of the lead issue, pressure has been put upon governments to limit emissions of lead, and hence limit or reduce the exposure of the population to the metal. Govern­ ments and governmental agencies have responded in several ways, varying between those who prefer to take little or no action on the basis that they see no cause for concern, and those who have taken firm action after concluding that the scientific and medical evidence warrants this approach. Any effective control strategy for lead requires knowledge of the sources of environmental exposure and an understanding of the pathways of this metal in the environment. This book aims to provide such information and to explain the methods available for limiting emissions of lead from the most important sources. To put this information in context a chapter on the routes of human exposure to lead and the health effects is included.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 IntroductionReferences -- 2 Lead in the atmosphere -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Sources of lead in air -- 2.3 Concentrations of lead in ambient air -- 2.4 Particle size distributions -- 2.5 Chemical properties of atmospheric lead -- References -- 3 Lead in water -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sources of lead in surface waters -- 3.3 Concentrations of lead in water -- 3.4 Chemistry of lead in water -- References -- 4 Lead in soils -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sources of lead in soil -- 4.3 Concentrations of lead in soil -- 4.4 Uptake of soil lead by living organisms -- 4.5 Chemistry of lead in soils -- 4.6 Lead in street dusts -- References -- 5 Control of lead in air -- 5.1 Industrial sources of lead -- 5.2 Control of industrial emissions of lead -- 5.3 Legislative regulations affecting industrial lead emissions -- 5.4 Control of lead emissions from motor vehicles -- 5.5 Ambient air quality standard for lead -- 5.6 Control of lead within the workplace -- References -- 6 Control of lead discharges to water -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Water quality criteria and standards -- 6.3 Uniform emission standards versus water quality objectives -- 6.4 Control practices for lead discharges -- References -- 7 Human exposure to lead and its effects -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Sources and intake of lead -- 7.3 Uptake of lead -- 7.4 Metabolism of lead -- 7.5 Blood leads -- 7.6 Biological and adverse health effects of exposure to lead -- References -- 8 Chemical analysis of lead in the environment -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Chemical analysis of lead: available techniques -- 8.3 Sampling and analysis of environmental media -- 8.4 Contamination during lead analysis -- References.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468475449
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Principles of Drug Action and DispositionChemical Identity of Drugs -- Bonding Mechanisms -- Absorption of Drugs -- Distribution of Drugs -- The Biotransformation of Drugs -- The Excretion of Drugs -- 2. Elementary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics -- Pharmacokinetics -- Pharmacodynamics -- 3. The Pharmacology of the Fetus and Placenta -- The Placenta -- The Fetus -- The Effects of Drugs Upon the Fetus -- Fetal Pharmacokinetics -- Teratology -- 4. The Pharmacology of the Perinatal Period -- Intrapartum Phase -- Postpartum Phase -- The Pharmacology of Specific Drugs used in the Newborn -- Drugs and Breast Feeding -- 5. The Pharmacology of the Older Child -- Influence of Physiological Factors on Drug Absorption and Bioavailability -- The Effect of Disease on Drug Absorption and Bioavailability -- Conditions Affecting the Binding, Metabolism and Excretion of Drugs -- Drug Metabolism -- Drug Excretion -- 6. The Central Nervous System -- Anatomy and Organisation -- The Psychotropic Agents -- Sedatives and Hypnotics -- Analgesics -- The Anti-convulsant Drugs -- Drugs Affecting the Central Control of Muscle Function -- Anaesthesia -- Clinical Appendix -- 7. The Peripheral Nervous System -- The Autonomic System -- The Physiology of Smooth Muscle -- Drugs Affecting Neuro-muscular Transmission -- 8. The Cardiovascular System -- The Physiology of Cardiac Contraction -- Cardiotonic Drugs -- Cardiotoxic Drugs -- The Physiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm -- Disturbance of Cardiac Rate and Rhythm -- Drugs Used to Treat Arrhythmias -- Drug Induced Arrthymias -- The Physiology of Blood-pressure Control -- Antihypertensive Drugs -- Drugs Causing Systemic Hypertension -- Pulmonary Hypertension -- Clinical Appendix -- 9. The Alimentary System -- The Physiology of the Mouth, Salivary Glands and Oesophagus -- The Physiology of the Stomach -- The Physiology of the Lower Bowel -- Drugs which Act Upon the Gastrointestinal System -- The Pancreas -- The Liver and Bile Ducts -- Clinical Appendix -- 10. The Respiratory System -- The Physiology of the Respiratory System -- Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System -- Clinical Appendix -- 11. The Urinary System -- The Physiology of the Kidney -- Drugs Affecting the Kidney -- The Physiology of the Bladder -- Drugs Affecting Bladder Function -- Clinical Appendix -- 12. The Haemopoietic System -- The Physiology of the Red Cell -- Physiology of the Leucocytes -- Haemostasis -- The Fibrinolytic System and Thrombolysis -- 13. The Endocrine System -- The Hypothalamic/Pituitary Complex -- The Pituitary -- The Adrenal Gland -- Inhibitors of Adrenal Steroid Synthesis -- The Thyroid -- The Pancreas -- Androgens and Anabolic Steroids -- Progestogens and Oestrogens -- Agents Affecting Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism -- Clinical Appendix -- 14. The Pharmacology of the Skin -- Anatomy and Function -- Variations and Diseases -- Treatment with Drugs -- Skin Disinfectants and Antiseptics -- Drugs Which Cause Skin Disease -- 15. The Pharmacology of the Eye -- Structure and Function -- Drug Treatments -- Mydriatics -- Drug Treatment of Glaucoma -- Drug Effects Upon Ocular Function -- 16. General and Specific Chemotherapy -- Antimicrobial Agents -- Drugs Used to Treat Protozoal Infection and Infestation by Multicellular Organisms -- Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Disorders -- 17. Immunity and its Modification by Drugs -- Normal Mechanisms of Immunity -- Active Immunisation -- Passive Immunisation -- Adjuvants of the Immune Response -- Immunosuppressants -- Immune Tolerance -- Hypersensitivity Responses -- Drug Therapy of Hypersensitivity -- Drugs Used in Inflammation -- 18. Ethics and Problems of Clinical Trials in Children -- Some Types of Clinical Trials -- Suggestions for Further Reading.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468482584
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Overall Picture -- 1.1 General papers and books -- 1.2 Conferences, seminars and colloquia -- 1.3 Literature reviews and bibliographies -- 2. National and International Initiatives, Policies and Political Manifestos -- 3. Social Impacts -- 3.1 Education and Training -- 3.2 Employment and Unemployment -- 3.3 Data protection and security -- 3.4 Working environment -- 3.5 Work and leisure -- 4. Economic Structure and Policy -- 4.1 National economy -- 4.2 Regional economy -- 4.3 Urban economy -- 4.4 Rural economy -- 4.5 Science parks -- 5. Impact of New Technology on Business, Industry and Communications -- 5.1 Office automation -- 5.2 Industry and technology -- 5.3 Retailing -- 5.4 Viewdata systems and cable television -- 5.5 Public sector and business -- 6. Administrative Impact and Industrial Relations: Impact of New Technology -- 6.1 Management and new technology -- 6.2 Trade union reactions.
    Abstract: Silicon chip technology; microprocessor technology; information technology; or quite simply new technology. These are some of the names representing the microelectronics revolution depending upon the audience being addressed by speaker or writer. No previous new industrial development has caused such widespread publicity and discussion amongst users and researchers as the new technology. Concern is being expressed about the effects of new technology on employment, job satisfaction, social life, leisure activities and the economics of commerce and industry. The late 70s saw many doom-laden predictions of those effects but by 1983 both management and trade unions were taking a more objective view of the social and economic impacts, and many correspondents now see the new technology as a means of opening up new industries and overcoming the effects of world recessions. The "chip" has involved the factory floor, the office, the supermarket and the home. Electronic funds transfer, electronic shopping, microelectronic domestic appliances, word processors and microprocessor-controlled machinery mean that the new technology has pervaded all aspects of social and economic life, and the developed countries are now coming to accept it as part of society as a whole. Inevitably the flood of literature on the social and economic impacts of new technology has been overwhelming. Unfortunately the quality of information and arguments propagated at conferences, in journal papers and research reports has indicated that there has been little quantifiable evidence available on the effects of these impacts.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Overall Picture1.1 General papers and books -- 1.2 Conferences, seminars and colloquia -- 1.3 Literature reviews and bibliographies -- 2. National and International Initiatives, Policies and Political Manifestos -- 3. Social Impacts -- 3.1 Education and Training -- 3.2 Employment and Unemployment -- 3.3 Data protection and security -- 3.4 Working environment -- 3.5 Work and leisure -- 4. Economic Structure and Policy -- 4.1 National economy -- 4.2 Regional economy -- 4.3 Urban economy -- 4.4 Rural economy -- 4.5 Science parks -- 5. Impact of New Technology on Business, Industry and Communications -- 5.1 Office automation -- 5.2 Industry and technology -- 5.3 Retailing -- 5.4 Viewdata systems and cable television -- 5.5 Public sector and business -- 6. Administrative Impact and Industrial Relations: Impact of New Technology -- 6.1 Management and new technology -- 6.2 Trade union reactions.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468484687
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction to the magnetism of rocks1.1 Rocks as magnetic information stores -- 1.2 The recorded information -- 1.3 Rock and mineral magnetism -- 1.4 Magnetism-some preliminaries -- 2 Magnetic minerals in rocks -- 2.1 The magnetic mineral systems -- 2.2 The magnetic mineralogy of igneous rocks -- 2.3 The magnetic mineralogy of sediments -- 2.4 The magnetic mineralogy of extra-terrestrial materials -- 2.5 Summary -- Selected bibliography -- 3 The atomic basis of magnetism -- 3.1 The electron spin; the transition elements -- 3.2 Exchange -- 3.3 Curie temperatures of spinel oxides -- 3.4 Magnetocrystalline anisotropy -- 3.5 Induced anisotropy -- 3.6 Categories of magnetic behaviour -- 3.7 Summary -- Selected bibliography -- 4 The magnetization process -- 4.1 The demagnetizing field-shape anisotropy -- 4.2 Domains and domain walls -- 4.3 The magnetization process -- 4.4 The time-dependence of magnetization-equilibrium and thermal agitation -- 4.5 Summary -- Selected bibliography -- 5 Thermoremanent magnetization -- 5.1 The mechanism-definitions of blocking temperature -- 5.2 TRM models -- 5.3 Thermal demagnetization-partial TRM -- 5.4 Self-reversed TRM -- 5.5 Summary -- Selected bibliography -- 6 Other remanence-inducing mechanisms -- 6.1 Mechanisms in nature -- 6.2 Mechanisms in the laboratory -- 6.3 Summary -- Selected bibliography -- 7 Magnetic properties of titanomagnetites and titanomaghemites -- 7.1 The titanomagnetites -- 7.2 The titanomaghemites -- 7.3 Multiphase products of the oxidation of titanomagnetite -- 7.4 Summary -- 8 Magnetic properties of other mineral systems -- 8.1 Haematite -- 8.2 The haematite-ilmenite solid solution -- 8.3 The pyrrhotites -- 8.4 Goethite -- 8.5 Iron -- 8.6 Alteration products of non-magnetic minerals -- 8.7 Summary -- 9 Applications of rock and mineral magnetism -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Physical models-the acquisition and removal of weak field remanences -- 9.3 Determination of the composition, concentration and microstructure of the magnetic mineral fraction in a rock (or other material) -- 9.4 Connections in planetary physics-the magnetization of planetary crusts -- 9.5 Summary.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468484465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: Principal Robot Applications -- 1.1 Industrial Applications Index: Manufacturing and Assembly Robots -- 1.2 Industrial Applications Index: Automated Guided Vehicles -- 1.3 Industrial Applications Index: Vision Systems -- 2: Technical Specifications -- 2.1 Technical Specifications: Manufacturing and Assembly Robots -- 2.2 Technical Specifications: Automated Guided Vehicles -- 2.3 Technical Specifications: Vision Systems -- 3: Directory of Manufacturers and Distributors -- 3.1 Directory of Manufacturers -- 3.2 Directory of Distributors.
    Abstract: The industrial application of robots is growing steadily. This is reflected in the number of manufacturers now in­ volved in the field of robotics. Thanks to pioneers such as Joseph Engelberger of Unimation Inc, industry has seen their rapid deployment in all areas of manufacturing. Manufacturers of robots and robotic equipment have increased their production levels and at the same time have made great efforts to improve and adapt their pro­ ducts to allow them to be used for a wider range of appli­ cations. The demand for ever more sophisticated robotic devices has made the choice of robot for a particular application an extremely hard one. Industrial Robot Specifications has been compiled to enable users to assess robotics in the context of their own needs. The book contains detailed information on over 300 robots manufactured and distributed under licence throughout Europe. More than 90 companies are cov­ ered, and details are given of their distributors and agents, regional addresses and names of key contacts. Information is provided on robots as diverse as simple teaching machines, costing perhaps £1500, to those highly sophisticated computer-controlled robot devices commonly found in flexible manufacturing systems, costing tens of thousands of pounds each. Introduction Industrial Robot Specifications is divided into three sec­ adjustable mechanisms that command manipulation.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: Principal Robot Applications1.1 Industrial Applications Index: Manufacturing and Assembly Robots -- 1.2 Industrial Applications Index: Automated Guided Vehicles -- 1.3 Industrial Applications Index: Vision Systems -- 2: Technical Specifications -- 2.1 Technical Specifications: Manufacturing and Assembly Robots -- 2.2 Technical Specifications: Automated Guided Vehicles -- 2.3 Technical Specifications: Vision Systems -- 3: Directory of Manufacturers and Distributors -- 3.1 Directory of Manufacturers -- 3.2 Directory of Distributors.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9781468447248
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 465 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Energy Resources -- Scenarios of Energy Requirement in Seven Regions of the World -- Energy Supply in Seven Regions of the World and International Oil Trade -- Nature of Energy Demand -- Nuclear Energy Strategies -- The Second Fossil and Nuclear Age -- Modelling and Assessment of Energy Demand -- Energy Supply Model Message and Its Application to IIASA’s World Region V -- Macro — A General Equilibrium Model -- The IIASA-ENP Energy Picture of Latin America: An Overview -- Biomass Energy -- A Twenty Year Perspective on Energy Demand and Supply Situation of Pakistan -- II: Physics and Technology -- Computer Simulation -- Development of Application Software for Minicomputer Systems -- Initiation Mechanics: The Prediction of Metal Fatigue Damage -- III: Biophysics -- Restriction Endonucleases, DNA Sequencing and Computers -- Biophysics of Radiation Action -- Medical Uses of Accelerators -- Self-Copying DNA Programs -- IV: Frontiers of Physics -- Stellar Structure and Stellar Evolution — Another View -- Cosmological Consequences of Massive Neutrinos -- Interfaces Between Particle Physics and Cosmology -- Participants.
    Abstract: This volume consists of lectures delivered at the Sixth Inter­ national Nathiagali Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs held at Islamabad from June 15 to July 2, 1981. The College used to be held at one of the scenic hill resorts of Pakistan, Nathiagali, hence the name of the College. The College was organized by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), under the patronage of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, with a view to providing an opportunity for local physicists and physicists from developing countries for learning of the latest developments in various branches of physics. The University Grants Commission provided a financial grant for the participation of physicists from the universities of Pakistan. The College had 18 lecturers from 7 countries. The total participation in the College was by over 200 people from 18 different countries. There were 15 days of concentrated lecturing during the day followed by seminars and discussion sessions in the evenings. From its inception the College has had a broad-based, multi­ disciplinary emphasis. The purpose of the College has been to provide­ physicists in the developing countries with enough information in various branches of physics so that they can shift, or broaden, their field of research. In the poor countries, like Pakistan, physicists cannot always get facilities and opportunities to continue research in their original field of specialisation at a reasonable level.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Energy ResourcesScenarios of Energy Requirement in Seven Regions of the World -- Energy Supply in Seven Regions of the World and International Oil Trade -- Nature of Energy Demand -- Nuclear Energy Strategies -- The Second Fossil and Nuclear Age -- Modelling and Assessment of Energy Demand -- Energy Supply Model Message and Its Application to IIASA’s World Region V -- Macro - A General Equilibrium Model -- The IIASA-ENP Energy Picture of Latin America: An Overview -- Biomass Energy -- A Twenty Year Perspective on Energy Demand and Supply Situation of Pakistan -- II: Physics and Technology -- Computer Simulation -- Development of Application Software for Minicomputer Systems -- Initiation Mechanics: The Prediction of Metal Fatigue Damage -- III: Biophysics -- Restriction Endonucleases, DNA Sequencing and Computers -- Biophysics of Radiation Action -- Medical Uses of Accelerators -- Self-Copying DNA Programs -- IV: Frontiers of Physics -- Stellar Structure and Stellar Evolution - Another View -- Cosmological Consequences of Massive Neutrinos -- Interfaces Between Particle Physics and Cosmology -- Participants.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468447217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Physics and Chemistry of Porphyrins and Related Compounds -- Excited State Properties of Haematoporphyrin -- Fluorescence Properties of HpD and its Components -- The Structure of the Active Component of Hematoporphyrin Derivative -- Photophysical and Photosensitizing Properties of Photofrin II -- On the Purification of Hematoporphyrin IX and its Acetylated Derivatives -- Photosensitizing Properties of Porphyrin in Model Cell Systems -- Photosensitizing Properties of Free and Bound Uroporphyrin I -- Chemical and Biological Studies on Haematoporphyrin Derivative: An Unexpected Photosensitization in Brain -- A Chromatographic Study of Hematoporphyrin Derivatives -- Protection by Carotenoids from Singlet Oxygen Photoproduced by Porphyrins -- Effect of He-Ne Laser on Human Erythrocytes Incubated with Hematoporphyrin Derivative and Bonellin: Comparative Study -- Survey of Potential PRT Dyes and their Spectroscopic Properties -- II: Interactions of Porphyrins with Model Systems and Cells -- Fluorescence of Porphyrins in Cells -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative: Fluorometric Studies in Solution and Cells -- Time-Resolved Laser Fluorescence and Photobleaching of Single Cells after Photosensitization with Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HpD) -- Effects of Hpd and Laser on Transformed and Corresponding Normal Cultured Cells: Differential Cytotoxicity as an in Vitro Model for Tumor Photochemotherapy -- Interaction of Free and Liposome-Bound Porphyrins with Normal and Malignant Cells: Biochemical and Photosensitization Studies in Vitro and in Vivo -- Photodynamic Inactivation of L929 Cells after Treatment with Hematoporphyrin Derivative -- Bacterial and Yeast Cells as Models for Studying Hematoporphyrin Photosensitization -- Cholesterol Impregnation into Erythroleukemia Cell Membrane Induces Resistance to Hematoporphyrin Photodynamic Effect -- Photodynamic Effect of the He-Ne Laser with HpD on the Ultrastructure of Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell -- III: Studies on Experimental and Spontaneous Animal Tumors -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Phototherapy in Experimental Oncology -- Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) of Lewis Lung Carcinoma in B6D2 Mice, Dosimetry Considerations -- Study of Irradiation Parameters in HpD Phototherapy of MS-2 Tumor Model -- Experimental ENU Induced Brain Tumors with HpD and Dye Laser Light -- Studies with Hematoporphyrin Derivative in Transplantable Urothelial Tumors -- Time Dependence of 3 H Hematoporphyrin Derivative Distribution in the Digestive Tract of the Rat -- Nd YAG Destruction of Tumor Sensitized or Non Sensitized by HpD -- HpD Phototherapy on Spontaneous Tumors in Dog and Cat -- IV: Light Dosimetry and Instrumentation for Tumor Diagnosis and Phototherapy -- Thermal and Optical Dosimetry for Photoradiation Therapy of Malignant Tumors -- Photophysics and Dosimetry of Photoradiation Therapy -- An Optimised Laser System for the Evaluation of HpD Therapy -- A Multi-Led Source for Photoradiation Therapy -- Side Radiation Optical Fibers for Medical Applications -- Fluorescence of Hematoporphyrin-Derivative for Detection and Characterization of Tumors -- In Vivo Fluorescence Excitation Spectra of Hematoporphyrin-Derivative (HpD) -- In Vivo Observation of Porphyrin and of the Light Action -- Monitoring of Hematoporphyrin Injected in Humans and Clinical Prospects of its Use in Gynecologic Oncology -- V: Clinical Applications of HpD Phototherapy -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Photoradiation Therapy, in Theory and in Practice -- Evaluation of Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) in 20 Cases of Cancers -- Hematoporphyrin Phototherapy of Malignant Tumors -- Hematoporphyrin-Derivative and Phototherapy in Extensive Basal-Cell Carcinoma of the Dorsal Skin -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Photoradiation Therapy of Endobronchial Lung Cancer -- Photoradiation Therapy in Early Stage Cancer Cases of the Lung, Esophagus and Stomach -- Experimental and Clinical Studies on HpD-Photoradiation Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer -- Endoscopic HpD-Laser Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) of Cancer -- Dye-Laser Photoradiation-Therapy of Bladder Cancer after Photosensitization with Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HpD)-Basis for an Integral Irradiation -- Photoradiation Therapy with Hematoporphyrin Derivative and an Argon Dye Laser of Bladder Carcinoma -- Preclinical Examination of Ocular Photoradiation Therapy -- Photoradiation for Choroidal Malignant Melanoma.
    Abstract: This book contains the contributions of the participants to the International Symposium on Porphyrins in Tumor Phototherapy held in Bruzzano (Milano), Italy on May 26-28, 1983. The contributions are written as extended papers to provide a broad and representative coverage of the use of porphyrins in tumor phototherapy and diagnosis. In the last few years, this technique has received increasing interest for its potential applications in clinical oncology. In fact, 1,500 patients have been already treated by this therapy which has been tested in more than 100 clinical centres. Among the reported cases, a significant therapeutic effectiveness was found in some early stage cancers of lung, esophagus and stomach. The development of ·this therapy requires interdisciplinary studies from such diverse fields as physics, chemistry, biology, pharmacology, and experimental and clinical oncology. The contents of the book reflect the character of this research and deal with all the problems, from fundamental to clinical, that still require to be analysed and understood for a better evaluation 'of the potential of this therapy. The first chapter of the book deals with photophysics ?;nd.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Physics and Chemistry of Porphyrins and Related CompoundsExcited State Properties of Haematoporphyrin -- Fluorescence Properties of HpD and its Components -- The Structure of the Active Component of Hematoporphyrin Derivative -- Photophysical and Photosensitizing Properties of Photofrin II -- On the Purification of Hematoporphyrin IX and its Acetylated Derivatives -- Photosensitizing Properties of Porphyrin in Model Cell Systems -- Photosensitizing Properties of Free and Bound Uroporphyrin I -- Chemical and Biological Studies on Haematoporphyrin Derivative: An Unexpected Photosensitization in Brain -- A Chromatographic Study of Hematoporphyrin Derivatives -- Protection by Carotenoids from Singlet Oxygen Photoproduced by Porphyrins -- Effect of He-Ne Laser on Human Erythrocytes Incubated with Hematoporphyrin Derivative and Bonellin: Comparative Study -- Survey of Potential PRT Dyes and their Spectroscopic Properties -- II: Interactions of Porphyrins with Model Systems and Cells -- Fluorescence of Porphyrins in Cells -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative: Fluorometric Studies in Solution and Cells -- Time-Resolved Laser Fluorescence and Photobleaching of Single Cells after Photosensitization with Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HpD) -- Effects of Hpd and Laser on Transformed and Corresponding Normal Cultured Cells: Differential Cytotoxicity as an in Vitro Model for Tumor Photochemotherapy -- Interaction of Free and Liposome-Bound Porphyrins with Normal and Malignant Cells: Biochemical and Photosensitization Studies in Vitro and in Vivo -- Photodynamic Inactivation of L929 Cells after Treatment with Hematoporphyrin Derivative -- Bacterial and Yeast Cells as Models for Studying Hematoporphyrin Photosensitization -- Cholesterol Impregnation into Erythroleukemia Cell Membrane Induces Resistance to Hematoporphyrin Photodynamic Effect -- Photodynamic Effect of the He-Ne Laser with HpD on the Ultrastructure of Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell -- III: Studies on Experimental and Spontaneous Animal Tumors -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Phototherapy in Experimental Oncology -- Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) of Lewis Lung Carcinoma in B6D2 Mice, Dosimetry Considerations -- Study of Irradiation Parameters in HpD Phototherapy of MS-2 Tumor Model -- Experimental ENU Induced Brain Tumors with HpD and Dye Laser Light -- Studies with Hematoporphyrin Derivative in Transplantable Urothelial Tumors -- Time Dependence of 3 H Hematoporphyrin Derivative Distribution in the Digestive Tract of the Rat -- Nd YAG Destruction of Tumor Sensitized or Non Sensitized by HpD -- HpD Phototherapy on Spontaneous Tumors in Dog and Cat -- IV: Light Dosimetry and Instrumentation for Tumor Diagnosis and Phototherapy -- Thermal and Optical Dosimetry for Photoradiation Therapy of Malignant Tumors -- Photophysics and Dosimetry of Photoradiation Therapy -- An Optimised Laser System for the Evaluation of HpD Therapy -- A Multi-Led Source for Photoradiation Therapy -- Side Radiation Optical Fibers for Medical Applications -- Fluorescence of Hematoporphyrin-Derivative for Detection and Characterization of Tumors -- In Vivo Fluorescence Excitation Spectra of Hematoporphyrin-Derivative (HpD) -- In Vivo Observation of Porphyrin and of the Light Action -- Monitoring of Hematoporphyrin Injected in Humans and Clinical Prospects of its Use in Gynecologic Oncology -- V: Clinical Applications of HpD Phototherapy -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Photoradiation Therapy, in Theory and in Practice -- Evaluation of Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) in 20 Cases of Cancers -- Hematoporphyrin Phototherapy of Malignant Tumors -- Hematoporphyrin-Derivative and Phototherapy in Extensive Basal-Cell Carcinoma of the Dorsal Skin -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Photoradiation Therapy of Endobronchial Lung Cancer -- Photoradiation Therapy in Early Stage Cancer Cases of the Lung, Esophagus and Stomach -- Experimental and Clinical Studies on HpD-Photoradiation Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer -- Endoscopic HpD-Laser Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) of Cancer -- Dye-Laser Photoradiation-Therapy of Bladder Cancer after Photosensitization with Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HpD)-Basis for an Integral Irradiation -- Photoradiation Therapy with Hematoporphyrin Derivative and an Argon Dye Laser of Bladder Carcinoma -- Preclinical Examination of Ocular Photoradiation Therapy -- Photoradiation for Choroidal Malignant Melanoma.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468446289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Yellow Crescent of Ascidian Eggs: Molecular Organization, Localization and Role in Early Development -- Expression of Maternal and Embroyonic Genes During Sea Urchin Development -- Translational Regulation of Gene Expression in Early Development -- mRNA Distributions in Sea Urchin Embryos -- Subcellular Localization of Maternal Histone mRNAs and The Control of Histone Synthesis in The Sea Urchin Embryo -- A Family of mRNAs Expressed in The Dorsal Ectoderm of Sea Urchin Embryos -- Segregation of Germ-Line-Specific Antigens During Embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis Elegans -- Genetic and Developmental Approaches to Understanding Determination in Early Development -- Homoeotic Genes and The Specification of Segmental Identity in The Embryo and Adult Thorax of Drosophila Melanogaster -- Isolation and Characterization of Genes Differentially Expressed in Early Drosophila Embryogenesis -- Accumulation and Behavior of mRNA During Oogenesis and Early Embryogenesis of Xenopus Laevis -- Protein Synthesis Patterns During Early Amphibian Embryogenesis -- Changes in Synthesis of RNA and Protein During Reactivation of Delayed Implanting Mouse Blastocysts -- Contributors -- Photos of Participants.
    Abstract: The early embryo has emerged as the focal point for analysis of the regulation of gene expression for several reasons. First, the fact that embryogenesis is under genetic control has been appreciated from the earliest days of classical embryology. When experimental techniques became available it was therefore logical that they should be applied to the embryo. With each new advance in methodology, interest in embryonic gene expression studies has increased. Second, many embryos offer unique opportunities for the investigation of specific aspects of the regulation of gene expression. Several phenomena--eg. , control of translation--can be very conveniently studied in a variety of marine invertebrate embryos. Those embryos contain large stores of maternally inherited mRNA which are translated in a highly ordered fashion during specific stages of post fertilization development. Marine invertebrate eggs can be conveniently artifically inseminated and labeled with radioactive precursors. Their analysis is leading to important insights into the mechanisms which regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Third, recent advances in both transmission and recombinant DNA genetics, especially in organisms such as Drosophila, are providing special opportunities for the analysis of regulatory mechanisms which operate at the level of the genome. Specific genes have been identified, isolated, and--in some instances--sequenced. The opportunity is now available to study the regulation of the expression of single genes in a vertical fashion--from the primary sequence of the gene to the tissues and organs which are the products of morphogenesis.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Yellow Crescent of Ascidian Eggs: Molecular Organization, Localization and Role in Early DevelopmentExpression of Maternal and Embroyonic Genes During Sea Urchin Development -- Translational Regulation of Gene Expression in Early Development -- mRNA Distributions in Sea Urchin Embryos -- Subcellular Localization of Maternal Histone mRNAs and The Control of Histone Synthesis in The Sea Urchin Embryo -- A Family of mRNAs Expressed in The Dorsal Ectoderm of Sea Urchin Embryos -- Segregation of Germ-Line-Specific Antigens During Embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis Elegans -- Genetic and Developmental Approaches to Understanding Determination in Early Development -- Homoeotic Genes and The Specification of Segmental Identity in The Embryo and Adult Thorax of Drosophila Melanogaster -- Isolation and Characterization of Genes Differentially Expressed in Early Drosophila Embryogenesis -- Accumulation and Behavior of mRNA During Oogenesis and Early Embryogenesis of Xenopus Laevis -- Protein Synthesis Patterns During Early Amphibian Embryogenesis -- Changes in Synthesis of RNA and Protein During Reactivation of Delayed Implanting Mouse Blastocysts -- Contributors -- Photos of Participants.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461574316
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Laboratory instrumentation and microcomputers -- 1.2 Measurement systems -- 1.3 Electronic black boxes -- 1.4 A practical footnote -- 2 The Basics of Laboratory Signals -- 2.1 Transducers -- 2.2 Measurement signals -- 2.3 The transducer connection -- 2.4 Noise and interference -- 2.5 Minimising interference -- 2.6 Signal-to-noise ratio -- 2.7 Control signals -- 3 The Elements of Analog Signal Handling -- 3.1 Op-amps -- 3.2 Feedback systems -- 3.3 Basic amplifier configurations -- 3.4 Bandwidth and slew rate -- 3.5 Practical dc signal circuits -- 3.6 Ac signal circuits -- 3.7 Integrators -- 3.8 Differentiators -- 3.9 Pulse amplifiers -- 3.10 Filters -- 4 The Elements of Digital Signal Handling -- 4.1 Logic gates -- 4.2 TTL families -- 4.3 CMOS families -- 4.4 CMOS and TTL together -- 4.5 MSI circuits -- 4.6 Generating logic levels -- 4.7 Analog/digital interconversion -- 4.8 Serial digital signals -- 5 The Modern Microcomputer -- 5.1 The eight bit micro -- 5.2 The programming language -- 5.3 The operating system -- 5.4 Peripherals -- 5.5 Byte handling busses -- 5.6 The video display -- 5.7 Bit manipulation -- 5.8 Timing and addressing -- 5.9 Interrupts and interrupt flags -- 5.10 The 16 bit micro -- 6 Interfacing Microcomputers with Laboratory Instrumentation -- 6.1 Basic instrumental interface types -- 6.2 Multiplexing -- 6.3 Multiple byte interfaces -- 6.4 Interface control -- 6.5 Handshaking -- 6.6 Synchronous byte transfers -- 6.7 Dynamic interfaces -- 7 Standard Interface Systems -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The IEEE 488 standard -- 7.3 The RS232C link -- 8 System Design -- 8.1 An approach to system design / Case study -- Appendices -- Appendix 1 Decimal-hexadecimal conversion tables -- Appendix 2 The ASCII code -- Appendix 3 Sample assembler routine for GPIB adaptor -- Device index.
    Abstract: The invention of the microcomputer in the mid-1970s and its subsequent low-cost proliferation has opened up a new world for the laboratory scientist. Tedious data collection can now be automated relatively cheaply and with an enormous increase in reliability. New techniques of measurement are accessible with the "intelligent" instrumentation made possible by these programmable devices, and the ease of use of even standard measurement techniques may be improved by the data processing capabilities of the humblest micro. The latest items of commercial laboratory instrumentation are invariably "computer controlled", although this is more likely to mean that a microprocessor is involved than that a versatile microcomputer is provided along with the instrument. It is clear that all scientists of the future will need some knowledge of computers, if only to aid them in mastering the button pushing associated with gleaming new instruments. However, to be able to exploit this newly accessible computing power to the full the practising laboratory scientist must gain sufficient understanding to utilise the communication channels between apparatus on the laboratory bench and program within the computer. This book attempts to provide an introduction to those communication channels in a manner which is understandable for scientists who do not specialise in electronics or computers.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1 Laboratory instrumentation and microcomputers -- 1.2 Measurement systems -- 1.3 Electronic black boxes -- 1.4 A practical footnote -- 2 The Basics of Laboratory Signals -- 2.1 Transducers -- 2.2 Measurement signals -- 2.3 The transducer connection -- 2.4 Noise and interference -- 2.5 Minimising interference -- 2.6 Signal-to-noise ratio -- 2.7 Control signals -- 3 The Elements of Analog Signal Handling -- 3.1 Op-amps -- 3.2 Feedback systems -- 3.3 Basic amplifier configurations -- 3.4 Bandwidth and slew rate -- 3.5 Practical dc signal circuits -- 3.6 Ac signal circuits -- 3.7 Integrators -- 3.8 Differentiators -- 3.9 Pulse amplifiers -- 3.10 Filters -- 4 The Elements of Digital Signal Handling -- 4.1 Logic gates -- 4.2 TTL families -- 4.3 CMOS families -- 4.4 CMOS and TTL together -- 4.5 MSI circuits -- 4.6 Generating logic levels -- 4.7 Analog/digital interconversion -- 4.8 Serial digital signals -- 5 The Modern Microcomputer -- 5.1 The eight bit micro -- 5.2 The programming language -- 5.3 The operating system -- 5.4 Peripherals -- 5.5 Byte handling busses -- 5.6 The video display -- 5.7 Bit manipulation -- 5.8 Timing and addressing -- 5.9 Interrupts and interrupt flags -- 5.10 The 16 bit micro -- 6 Interfacing Microcomputers with Laboratory Instrumentation -- 6.1 Basic instrumental interface types -- 6.2 Multiplexing -- 6.3 Multiple byte interfaces -- 6.4 Interface control -- 6.5 Handshaking -- 6.6 Synchronous byte transfers -- 6.7 Dynamic interfaces -- 7 Standard Interface Systems -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The IEEE 488 standard -- 7.3 The RS232C link -- 8 System Design -- 8.1 An approach to system design / Case study -- Appendices -- Appendix 1 Decimal-hexadecimal conversion tables -- Appendix 2 The ASCII code -- Appendix 3 Sample assembler routine for GPIB adaptor -- Device index.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9781468446166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Basics Of Brain Edema -- Brain Edema Mediator Compounds and Biochemistry -- Diagnosis and Assessment of Brain Edema -- Brain Edema, Blood Flow and Metabolism -- Ischemic Brain Edema -- Pharmacology and Therapy of Brain Edema -- Contributors.
    Abstract: This issue contains the proceedings of the most recent Inter­ national Symposium on Brain Edema, the 5th in a series of confer­ ences starting 1965 in Vienna. The ever since increasing interest in this field may not only result from the fact that - in clinical terms - the problem is not solved yet, but also from the many fascinating physiological and biochemical questions remaining. Moreover, the rapid progress of technical, physiological and bio­ chemical developments provides a permanent challenge to probe the subject with better and better resolution. The current proceedings provide many examples. It is safe to assume, that the history of brain edema research is familiar to most of its participants. Therefore, suffice it to remark that since the first histopathological recognition of brain edema as a separate entity among the multitude of intracranial space occupying lesions, progress in the understanding of its pathogenesis has not been straightforward. On the contrary, it has been complicated by confusing notions and concepts, some of which may have resulted from the elusiveness of the edematous changes in early histological studies, due to the inadequacy of the light microscope. Although brain edema occurs concomitantly in many pgtho10gica1 conditions of the brain, it has been suggested that its role is collateral only. Nevertheless, the potential of brain edema as a space occupying lesion is not trivial, since it raises intracranial pressure and eventually may result in lethal cerebral herniation.
    Description / Table of Contents: Basics Of Brain EdemaBrain Edema Mediator Compounds and Biochemistry -- Diagnosis and Assessment of Brain Edema -- Brain Edema, Blood Flow and Metabolism -- Ischemic Brain Edema -- Pharmacology and Therapy of Brain Edema -- Contributors.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489931900
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 171 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational technology.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Introductory techniques -- 3 Reinforcement -- 4 Principles of structured learning -- 5 Brain processes of learning and memory -- 6 The structure of the CAL Unit -- 7 Frame formats -- 8 Preparation, writing and testing -- 9 Publishing CAL -- Appendix 1 -- An exemplary CAL Unit (Biology) -- Appendix 2 -- Various CAL and CBT authoring languages -- Appendix 3 -- Centres of CAL activity -- References -- Recommended bibliography -- CAL section -- Brain systems section -- Tomorrow’s world section.
    Abstract: It is often the case - perhaps more often than not - that new ideas arrive long before there is the me ans to clothe and deli ver them. We can think ofLeonardo da Vinci's drawings of helicopters and submarines among many other examples. Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL) is an example of an idea which has had a particularly long gestation. As I will illustrate early in the book, the principles of CAL were really first discovered by Socrates. As a formal method of teaching, the Socratic method disappeared for over two millennia until the 1950s. It was then revived in the form ofProgrammed Learning (PL) which resulted from the researches ofB. F. Skinner at Harvard University. Even then, PL was premature. In the 1950s and 60s, methods were devised, such as teaching machines and various sorts ofPL text books, and there was a mushrooming of PL publishing at that time. For a complex of reason- economic, logistical and technical-PL also largely disappeared from the mid- 60s, although it continued in a few specialized areas ofteaching and industrial training. However, during the same period, PL quietly transformed itselfinto CAL. But the computerized form was not capable of mass dissemination until recently hecause personal microcomputers did not have sufficient internal memory sizes. That situation has now changed very dramatically and 128K microcomputers are becoming cheap and widely available. Cheap memory chips of256K and 1024K cannot be far away, either.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461325314
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Polymer Structure and Physical Properties -- 2 Stress-Strain Behavior of Plastics Materials -- 3 Effects of Fillers on Properties and Performance -- 4 Stress Analysis for Plastics -- 5 Structural Design of Beams, Plates and Other Structural Members -- 6 Dynamic Load Response of Plastics Members and Effects of Cyclical Loading -- 7 Other Forms of Stress Applied to Plastics Parts -- 8 Design for Stiffness -- 9 Processing Limitations on Plastics Product Design -- 10 CAD/CAM and Plastics Product Design -- 11 Material and Process Interaction and the Effects on the Performance of Plastics Parts and the Resulting Design Limitations -- 12 Performance in Service and Environmental Exposure -- 13 Design Procedure for Plastics Parts: Function, Material, Geometry, Test -- 14 Design of Plastics Structural Parts for Static Loads -- 15 Design of Dynamically Loaded Plastics Parts and Evaluation Procedures -- 16 The Design of Plastics Parts for Electrical Applications -- 17 Design of Plastics Parts for Optical Applications -- 18 Other Design Applications for Plastics -- Index/.
    Abstract: Plastics have become increasingly important in the products used in our society, ranging from housing to packaging, transportation, business machines and especially in medicine and health products. Designing plastic parts for this wide range of uses has become a major activity for designers, architects, engineers, and others who are concerned with product development. Because plastics are unique materials with a broad range of proper­ ties they are adaptable to a variety of uses. The uniqueness of plastics stems from their physical characteristics which are as different from metals, glasses, and ceramics as these materials are different from each other. One major concern is the design of structures to take loads. Metals as well as the other materials are assumed to respond elastically and to recover completely their original shape after the load is removed. Based on this simple fact, extensive litera­ ture on applied mechanics of materials has been developed to enable designers to predict accurately the performance of structures under load. Many engineers depend on such texts as Timoshenko's Strength of Materials as a guide to the performance of structures. Using this as a guide, generations of engineers have designed economical and safe structural parts. Unfortunately, these design principles must be modified when designing with plastics since they do not respond elastically to stress and undergo permanent deformation with sus­ tained loading.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Polymer Structure and Physical Properties2 Stress-Strain Behavior of Plastics Materials -- 3 Effects of Fillers on Properties and Performance -- 4 Stress Analysis for Plastics -- 5 Structural Design of Beams, Plates and Other Structural Members -- 6 Dynamic Load Response of Plastics Members and Effects of Cyclical Loading -- 7 Other Forms of Stress Applied to Plastics Parts -- 8 Design for Stiffness -- 9 Processing Limitations on Plastics Product Design -- 10 CAD/CAM and Plastics Product Design -- 11 Material and Process Interaction and the Effects on the Performance of Plastics Parts and the Resulting Design Limitations -- 12 Performance in Service and Environmental Exposure -- 13 Design Procedure for Plastics Parts: Function, Material, Geometry, Test -- 14 Design of Plastics Structural Parts for Static Loads -- 15 Design of Dynamically Loaded Plastics Parts and Evaluation Procedures -- 16 The Design of Plastics Parts for Electrical Applications -- 17 Design of Plastics Parts for Optical Applications -- 18 Other Design Applications for Plastics -- Index/.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461327851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: General Introduction1. The Barbary Macaque -- I: The Barbary Macaque in the Wild -- 2. The Demise of Barbary Macaque Habitat - Past arid Present Forest Cover of the Maghreb -- 3. A Brief Historical Account of the Recent Decline in Geographic Distribution of the Barbary Macaque in North Africa -- 4. The Distribution and Current Status of the Barbary Macaque in North Africa -- 5. Demography of the Barbary Macaque at Ain Kahla in the Moroccan Moyen Atlas -- 6. The Feeding Ecology of the Barbary Macaque and Cedar Forest Conservation in the Moroccan Moyen Atlas -- 7. Aspects of the Ecology and Conservation of the Barbary Macaque in the Fir Forest Habitat of the Moroccan Rif Mountains -- II: The Barbary Macaque in Captive and Semi-Natural Environments -- 8. The Sense and Direction of Captive Breeding Programmes - The Position of the Barbary Macaque -- 9. A Comparison of Proximity Behavior in Two Groups of Barbary Macaques - Implications for the Management of the Species in Captivity -- 10. Breeding Barbary Macaques in Outdoor Open Enclosures -- 11. Structure and Dynamics of the Barbary Macaque Population in Gibraltar -- 12. The Genetic Implications of Effective Population Size for the Barbary Macaque in Gibraltar -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- 13. Conclusions and Recommendations -- Appendix I: Definition of Age-Sex Classes for the Barbary Macaque -- Appendix II: Diet of the Barbary Macaque in the Wild -- Appendix III: Variant Spelling of Place Names Mentioned in the Text -- Contributors.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9781468414677
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. IntroductionReasons for Tillage -- Present Philosophy in No-Tillage -- 2. Effects of Climate on Performance of No-Tillage -- Precipitation and Evapotranspiration -- Soil Temperature -- Corn Seedling Growth as Related to Soil Temperature -- Time of Planting -- 3. Soil Adaptability for No-Tillage -- Some Factors Affecting Adoption of No-Tillage 42 Soil Drainage -- Suitability for Sloping Land -- Soil Water Erosion -- Erosion Control by No-Tillage -- Controlling Soil Wind Erosion by No-Tillage -- Steeplands -- 4. Soil Moisture -- Effect of Mulch on Evaporation of Soil Water -- Effect of Soil Texture, Pans and Drainage Class on Soil Water Evaporation -- Soil Water in Field Studies -- Effect of No-Tillage on Root Growth -- 5. Fertilization and Liming -- The Soil Environment Under No-Tillage Versus Conventional Tillage -- 6. Energy Requirement in No-Tillage -- Energy Use in Agriculture -- Need for Energy Conservation in Agriculture -- Energy Use and Efficiency in Tillage Systems -- Energy Efficiency in Fertilizer Management -- Energy Efficiency in Forage Production -- 7. Response of Weeds and Herbicides Under No-Tillage Conditions -- Some Factors Affecting Weed Control in No-Tillage -- Effect of Surface Plant Residue on Herbicide Persistence -- 8. Other Pests in No-Tillage and Their Control -- Insects -- Diseases -- Corn -- Sorghum -- Soybeans -- Wheat -- Summary -- 9. Changes in Soil Properties Under No-Tillage -- The Microbial Environment -- Soil Physical Properties -- Chemical Properties -- 10. Multicropping -- Multicropping With No-Tillage Techniques -- Beginnings of Multiple Cropping in the United States -- Requirements for Successful Multiple Cropping -- The Future of Multiple Cropping -- 11. Equipment -- Planters and Planting No-Tillage -- Tractor Requirements for No-Tillage -- Pesticide Applicators -- Hand Planting -- 12. No-Tillage in the Tropics -- Soil Resources -- Water Resources -- Human Resources -- Prospects for Success of No-Tillage in the Tropics.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468478174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Ancestors of the Mammals -- 2 The Therapsids -- 3 Specialised Cynodont Derivatives -- 4 The First Mammals -- 5 Dentitions, Tooth-replacement and Jaw Articulation -- 6 The Evolution of Mammalian Sight and Hearing -- 7 The Completion of the First Stage of Mammalian Evolution in the Middle Jurassic -- 8 The Mammals of the Upper Jurassic -- 9 The Mammals of the Lower Cretaceous -- 10 Epilogue.
    Abstract: This book is not intended to give a full and comprehensive account of the Mesozoic mammals, and nor is it intended as a handbook for research workers studying pre-Tertiary mammals. Our intention is to give an account of the origin and evolution of certain of the characters of the Mammalia. We have tried to portray the fossils we describe as the living animals they once were, not as dead bones. Our account ends with the end of the Lower Cretaceous, since by that time the major characters of the mammals had become established. There exist a number of characters which, at the present day, are confined to the Mammalia. These include: (1) a jaw articulation formed by the squamosal and the dentary; (2) a chain of three bones, malleus, incus and stapes connecting the tympanic membrane to the inner ear; (3) the presence of hair or fur; (4) the presence of milk-glands in the female; (5) the left aortic arch is the systemic arch; (6) the phalangeal formula in both manus and pes is 2.3.3.3.3; (7) some of the teeth have more than one root. Of these characters (1) or (2) are sufficient by themselves to define a mammal; characters (6) and (7) are known to have been already in existence in some of the mammal-like reptiles - the ancestors of the mammals.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Ancestors of the Mammals2 The Therapsids -- 3 Specialised Cynodont Derivatives -- 4 The First Mammals -- 5 Dentitions, Tooth-replacement and Jaw Articulation -- 6 The Evolution of Mammalian Sight and Hearing -- 7 The Completion of the First Stage of Mammalian Evolution in the Middle Jurassic -- 8 The Mammals of the Upper Jurassic -- 9 The Mammals of the Lower Cretaceous -- 10 Epilogue.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468485066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 -- 1. Welcoming address -- 2. Integration and implementation of computer-aided engineering (CAE) — the strategy for innovative product design in the 1980s -- 3. Getting the CADCAM tool working -- 4. Encouraging new technology links between industrial and teaching institutions: Aston Science Park -- 2: Ergonomics -- 5. Education for human-centred systems -- 6. CAD and the human operator -- 3: Training — general -- 7. The training needs of CADCAM -- 8. New directions in training -- 9. Skills and knowledge requirements for CADCAM -- 10. The teaching of CAD — a review of the proceedings of a conference held at Newcastle upon Tyne Polytechnic, April 1982 -- 11. The integration of a commercial CAD package in the teaching of CAE on an undergraduate course -- 4: Training — curriculum and training equipment -- 12. The development of micro-based procedure for the teaching of three-dimensional geometric design -- 13. A comprehensive approach for CAD ED curriculum elaboration -- 14. New technology-based training and its role in CADCAM -- 15. A review of computer graphics equipment for engineering applications -- 16. Educational software for CAD teaching -- 17. Implementing graphics in design, process and manufacturing industries -- 18. PELICAM: An interactive educational software for training students to the finite element method -- 19. Computer-aided design for design and craft students -- 5: Training — the introduction of CADCAM into particular disciplines -- 20. Training requirements for architects: a view from an experienced user -- 21. Education and training in computer-aided building design -- 22. Introducing CAD into the design office -- 23. Training and learning during the introduction of an interactive computer-aided building design system into government design offices -- 24. Implications of CADCAM for training in the engineering industry -- 25. A practical approach to the training of engineers -- 26. Educating engineering designers: the introduction of desktop computers and software to the design environment -- 27. Computer-aided design for chemical engineers -- 28. A practical approach to training in the use of an integrated plant modelling system -- 29. Computer-aided design and development planning -- 30. A case history of introducing CAD into a large aerospace company -- 6: Training course experience -- 31. Teaching CAD for electronics at the Norwegian Institute of Technology — present status and future trends -- 32. Post-professional education in computers in architecture at the University of Sydney -- 33. CAD in the Cambridge Engineering Tripos 1977–82 -- 34. CAD in structural engineering at UMIST -- 35. CAD — the first year -- 36. Six years of teaching computer-aided design at the University of Stellenbosch -- 37. CADCAM education at Cranfield Institute of Technology -- 38. Teaching computer graphics to mechanical engineers in Britain and the United States -- 39. The teaching of CAE in a polytechnic engineering department — Huddersfield experience -- 40. Teaching CAD and CAM -- 41. A practical approach to CADCAM training -- 42. Promoting industrial awareness of CADCAM -- 7: International experience -- 43. International implementation of a CAAD project in schools of architecture -- 44. A cost-effective two-way computer-aided tertiary education network for industrially developing countries -- 45. Education and training for CAD — a comparative study of requirements for developing and developed nations -- 46. Chairman’s concluding remarks.
    Description / Table of Contents: 11. Welcoming address -- 2. Integration and implementation of computer-aided engineering (CAE) - the strategy for innovative product design in the 1980s -- 3. Getting the CADCAM tool working -- 4. Encouraging new technology links between industrial and teaching institutions: Aston Science Park -- 2: Ergonomics -- 5. Education for human-centred systems -- 6. CAD and the human operator -- 3: Training - general -- 7. The training needs of CADCAM -- 8. New directions in training -- 9. Skills and knowledge requirements for CADCAM -- 10. The teaching of CAD - a review of the proceedings of a conference held at Newcastle upon Tyne Polytechnic, April 1982 -- 11. The integration of a commercial CAD package in the teaching of CAE on an undergraduate course -- 4: Training - curriculum and training equipment -- 12. The development of micro-based procedure for the teaching of three-dimensional geometric design -- 13. A comprehensive approach for CAD ED curriculum elaboration -- 14. New technology-based training and its role in CADCAM -- 15. A review of computer graphics equipment for engineering applications -- 16. Educational software for CAD teaching -- 17. Implementing graphics in design, process and manufacturing industries -- 18. PELICAM: An interactive educational software for training students to the finite element method -- 19. Computer-aided design for design and craft students -- 5: Training - the introduction of CADCAM into particular disciplines -- 20. Training requirements for architects: a view from an experienced user -- 21. Education and training in computer-aided building design -- 22. Introducing CAD into the design office -- 23. Training and learning during the introduction of an interactive computer-aided building design system into government design offices -- 24. Implications of CADCAM for training in the engineering industry -- 25. A practical approach to the training of engineers -- 26. Educating engineering designers: the introduction of desktop computers and software to the design environment -- 27. Computer-aided design for chemical engineers -- 28. A practical approach to training in the use of an integrated plant modelling system -- 29. Computer-aided design and development planning -- 30. A case history of introducing CAD into a large aerospace company -- 6: Training course experience -- 31. Teaching CAD for electronics at the Norwegian Institute of Technology - present status and future trends -- 32. Post-professional education in computers in architecture at the University of Sydney -- 33. CAD in the Cambridge Engineering Tripos 1977-82 -- 34. CAD in structural engineering at UMIST -- 35. CAD - the first year -- 36. Six years of teaching computer-aided design at the University of Stellenbosch -- 37. CADCAM education at Cranfield Institute of Technology -- 38. Teaching computer graphics to mechanical engineers in Britain and the United States -- 39. The teaching of CAE in a polytechnic engineering department - Huddersfield experience -- 40. Teaching CAD and CAM -- 41. A practical approach to CADCAM training -- 42. Promoting industrial awareness of CADCAM -- 7: International experience -- 43. International implementation of a CAAD project in schools of architecture -- 44. A cost-effective two-way computer-aided tertiary education network for industrially developing countries -- 45. Education and training for CAD - a comparative study of requirements for developing and developed nations -- 46. Chairman’s concluding remarks.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489932464
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 222 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    DDC: 611.01816
    Keywords: Medicine ; Gene expression
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9781468449198
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Aerospace Engineering -- 2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communications Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering None -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science None -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
    Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1 957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con­ cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna­ tional publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor­ poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 28 (thesis year 1 983) a total of 10,661 theses titles from 26 Canadian and 197 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 28 reports theses submitted in-1983, on occasion, certain univer­ sities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Aerospace Engineering2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communications Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering None -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science None -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468446791
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 192 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nonprofit Management and Finance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; School management and organization. ; School administration. ; Business. ; Management science. ; Personnel management.
    Abstract: 1. Voluntarism -- 2. A Distinctive Management Approach -- 3. Management Measurability and the Immeasurable -- 4. Distinctive Purposes -- 5. The Volunteer Tool -- 6. Dual Internal Systems -- 7. A Constituency -- 8. Money Matters -- 9. Special Legal Status -- 10. Profit and Loss -- 11. Politics and Diplomacy -- 12. Multiple Purposes -- 13. Distinctive Social Character -- 14. Boundless Resources -- 15. Staggering Consumption -- 16. The Complexity of Voluntary Enterprises -- 17. Where Do You Go from Here? -- References.
    Abstract: My values, attitudes, and behaviors, like those of most Americans, have been profoundly influenced by not-for-profit enterprises. My parents were students in one when they met. I was born in one. I learned about God in one, my ABCs in another, how to make a fire and tie knots in another, how to play ball and be part of a team in another, and I met my first girlfriend in another. I prepared for my career at a not-for-profit university, met my wife at a not-for-profit church, went on to several not-for-profit graduate schools, joined numerous not-for-profit profes­ sional and special interest groups, brought two newly born sons horne from not-for-profit hospitals. I read magazines published by several of them, sail Cj. nd hunt with their members, and when I vote I consider a variety of their admonitions. Voluntary not-for-profit enterprises have been molding and shaping me as long as I have been alive, and they will even be represented at my funeral. Therefore, it seems only fair that I should help to shape some of them. I have been at that task for some time now-Ieading seminars, consulting, writing, and serving on boards and committees. This book is an outgrowth of what I have learned through formal study, observation and analysis, and personal experience in more than half the states of the union and many foreign nations.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468465990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Fifth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section One-The Scope of the Foreman / Supervisor’s Job -- 1. The Foreman/Supervisor’s Total Job -- 2. The Foreman/Supervisor as a Leader -- Section Two-The Foreman / Supervisor’s Know-How -- 3. Quality Assurance -- 4. Production Control: Planning and Scheduling -- 5. Time Study and Methods Improvement -- 6. Budgets and Cost Control -- 7. Maintenance and the Foreman -- 8. The Art of Communicating -- Section Three-Direct Personnel Responsibilities -- 9. The Foreman/Supervisor’s Training Responsibilities -- 10. What to Do about Safety -- 11. Industrial Fatigue -- 12. The Emerged Role of Women in Industry -- 13. Anti-Discrimination Legislation -- Section Four-Cooperative Personnel Responsibilities -- 14. Wage Payment Plans and Incentives -- 15. Job Evaluation -- 16. Employee Performance Appraisal -- 17. The Tools of Industrial Psychology -- 18. The Foreman/Supervisor’s Role in Labor Relations -- Section Five-Background Information -- 19. Concepts of Organization -- 20. Scientific Management and the Newer Management Sciences -- 21. Electronic Data Processing -- 22. Automation and Robotics -- 23. What the Foreman/Supervisor Should Know about Economics -- Section Six-Motivation—The “Payoff” of Effective Supervision -- 24. Insights Into Employee Motivation -- 25. Eleven Basic Principles of Work Simplification -- Section Seven-Executive Development for Foremen / Supervisors -- 26. Performance Assessment and Management by Objectives -- 27. Self-Quiz -- 28. Keys to Self-Quiz Questions.
    Abstract: The Foreman/Supervisor's Handbook is offered as a com­ prehensive and authoritative text which presents the kind of prac­ tical information the foreman or supervisor needs in order to be effective on the job. It completely revises and updates The Foreman's Handbook, a work which, through four previous edi­ tions, has become the standard text in its field. The term "foreman/supervisor" in the title of the new edition was decided upon by the editors despite a reluctance to tamper with a well established name, in recognition of a change in usage which has come about over the years. "Supervisor" is now more generally used in industry for the first level of management and is espe­ cially appropriate since the emerging role of women in super­ visory (and higher) positions has rendered the earlier, gender­ specific term less properly descriptive. Moreover, although the orientation of the book is to manufacturing operations, the prin­ ciples and techniques discussed have wide application in office operations, where the term "supervisor" is the designation uni­ versally used. To retain continuity with the previous editions, the compromise term "foreman/supervisor" was adopted. As in previous editions, each chapter is written by an authority in the ~ubject covered. Each, morever, stands on its own feet, i. e. , it can be read as a separate article, independent of preceding or succeeding chapters.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section One-The Scope of the Foreman / Supervisor’s Job1. The Foreman/Supervisor’s Total Job -- 2. The Foreman/Supervisor as a Leader -- Section Two-The Foreman / Supervisor’s Know-How -- 3. Quality Assurance -- 4. Production Control: Planning and Scheduling -- 5. Time Study and Methods Improvement -- 6. Budgets and Cost Control -- 7. Maintenance and the Foreman -- 8. The Art of Communicating -- Section Three-Direct Personnel Responsibilities -- 9. The Foreman/Supervisor’s Training Responsibilities -- 10. What to Do about Safety -- 11. Industrial Fatigue -- 12. The Emerged Role of Women in Industry -- 13. Anti-Discrimination Legislation -- Section Four-Cooperative Personnel Responsibilities -- 14. Wage Payment Plans and Incentives -- 15. Job Evaluation -- 16. Employee Performance Appraisal -- 17. The Tools of Industrial Psychology -- 18. The Foreman/Supervisor’s Role in Labor Relations -- Section Five-Background Information -- 19. Concepts of Organization -- 20. Scientific Management and the Newer Management Sciences -- 21. Electronic Data Processing -- 22. Automation and Robotics -- 23. What the Foreman/Supervisor Should Know about Economics -- Section Six-Motivation-The “Payoff” of Effective Supervision -- 24. Insights Into Employee Motivation -- 25. Eleven Basic Principles of Work Simplification -- Section Seven-Executive Development for Foremen / Supervisors -- 26. Performance Assessment and Management by Objectives -- 27. Self-Quiz -- 28. Keys to Self-Quiz Questions.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461564508
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Psychology. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 -- Cognition: Its Origin and Future in Psychology -- 2 -- Schema and Inference: Models in Cognitive Social Psychology -- Progress and Problems in Cognitive Social Psychology -- Schemata and Inferences across Time and Space: On the Thematic Continuities of Cognitive Psychology -- The Cognitive Movement: A Turn in the Möbius Strip? -- Perspectives on Cognitivism: Reply to Commentators -- 3 -- Freud’s Secret Cognitive Theories -- Sigmund Freud as a Logical Phenomenologist -- Freud’s Not-So-Secret Theories: A Potential Stimulant to Contemporary Cognitive Theorizing -- Freud’s Secret Cognitive Theories: Reply to Commentators -- 4 -- Limitations of the Dispositional Analysis of Behavior -- Merits and Limits of Dispositional Analysis -- Dispositions Do Explain: Picking up the Pieces after Hurricane Walter -- Limitations of the Dispositional Analysis of Behavior: Reply to Commentators -- 5 -- The Place of Individual Differences in a Scientific Psychology -- Problems with Parameters -- The Scientific Status of Individual Differences -- Surface and Deep Structures in Individual Differences -- The Place of Individual Differences in a Scientific Psychology: Reply to Commentators -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Some one hundred years ago the founding fathers optimistically launched psychology as a science. The premise was that the new science must break away from its parental ties to philosophy and confine itself to gathering data, preferably in the psychology laboratory. There is little doubt that this early commitment to an "observation and accumulation of data only" policy was helpful in the launching of the new science. Some idea of how critical this move to empiricism was can be gathered from the following quotation taken from Wolman (1973, p. 32): It was not an easy task to transform the old "mental philosophy" into a natural science. Natural science used observation and experimentation; they observed their subject matter, as it were, from without. Wundt's psychology was supposed to study observable stimuli and responses, but there was so much that was unobservable in psychology. Although the launching was eventually a success, there is little doubt that the high hopes of the founding fathers have not materialized.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1Cognition: Its Origin and Future in Psychology -- 2 -- Schema and Inference: Models in Cognitive Social Psychology -- Progress and Problems in Cognitive Social Psychology -- Schemata and Inferences across Time and Space: On the Thematic Continuities of Cognitive Psychology -- The Cognitive Movement: A Turn in the Möbius Strip? -- Perspectives on Cognitivism: Reply to Commentators -- 3 -- Freud’s Secret Cognitive Theories -- Sigmund Freud as a Logical Phenomenologist -- Freud’s Not-So-Secret Theories: A Potential Stimulant to Contemporary Cognitive Theorizing -- Freud’s Secret Cognitive Theories: Reply to Commentators -- 4 -- Limitations of the Dispositional Analysis of Behavior -- Merits and Limits of Dispositional Analysis -- Dispositions Do Explain: Picking up the Pieces after Hurricane Walter -- Limitations of the Dispositional Analysis of Behavior: Reply to Commentators -- 5 -- The Place of Individual Differences in a Scientific Psychology -- Problems with Parameters -- The Scientific Status of Individual Differences -- Surface and Deep Structures in Individual Differences -- The Place of Individual Differences in a Scientific Psychology: Reply to Commentators -- Author Index.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461598732
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Nature of Polysaccharides -- A. General Introduction -- B. The Emerging View of Carbohydrate Structure -- C. The Sequencing of Oligo- and Poly-saccharides -- D. Structures of Carbohydrates -- Further Reading -- 2. Sugar Nucleotides and Cyclitols -- A. Introduction -- B. The Discovery of Sugar Nucleotides -- C. The Detection, Analysis and Chemistry of Sugar Nucleotides -- D. Classes of Sugar Nucleotides -- E. The Use of ‘Cell-Free’ Systems in Studying Saccharide Assembly: Some Problems -- F. Mechanisms of Interconversion of Sugar Nucleotides -- G. Cyclitol Metabolism -- H. The Fate and Re-use of Degradation Products of Glycoconjugates and Polysaccharides -- I. Pathways of Sugar Nucleotide Interconversion -- Further Reading -- 3. Glycosylation in Bacteria -- A. The Structure of Bacterial Surfaces -- B. Bacterial Carbohydrates -- C. The Strategy of Analysing Glycosyl Transfers in Bacteria -- D. Undecaprenol -- E. Synthesis of Teichoic Acids and Allied Polymers -- F. Peptidoglycan Assembly -- G. Lipopolysaccharide Synthesis (in Salmonella and Related Genera) -- H. Polysaccharide Synthesis -- I. Organisational Aspects of Glycosyl Transfers in Bacteria -- Further Reading -- 4. Glycoprotein and Glycolipid Assembly and Related Processes in Eukaryotic Cells -- A. Glycosylation in Eukaryotes: General Schemes -- B. The Synthesis of N-Glycosidic Oligosaccharide ‘Cores’ in Higher Animals -- C. The Initiation and Early Assembly of ‘Mucin-type’ Structures -- D. The Formation of the Clc1,2Gal 1-Hyl Sequence in Collagens and Clq -- E. Construction of Saccharide Sequences by Mechanisms Independent of Dolichol -- F. Biosynthesis of Glycosphingolipids -- G. Glycerol-based Glycolipids -- H. Sulphated Glycolipids -- I. Complex Glycolipids of Lower Animals -- J. Fungal Cell Wall Mannans and Glycoproteins -- K. The Glycoproteins and Glycolipids of Plants -- Further Reading -- 5. Polysaccharide Assembly in Eukaryotes -- A. Introduction -- B. General Problems and Principles -- C. Specific Polysaccharides -- Further Reading -- 6. Cytological Aspects of Glycosyl Transfer in Eukaryotes -- A. Basic ideas of Membrane Structure and Carbohydrates -- B. The Genetic Commitment to Glycosyl Transfer -- C. Self-assembly in Polysaccharide Structures -- D. The Integration of Glycosyl Transfer into General Metabolism -- Further Reading -- 7. Pathological Aspects of Glycosylation -- A. Introduction -- B. Catabolic Defects in the Metabolism of Glycoconjugates -- C. Abnormal Glycosylation and Uptake of Glycoproteins -- D. Defective Intracellular Targeting of Glycoconjugates -- E. Defective Synthesis of Glycoconjugates -- Further Reading -- Appendix: Terminology -- 1. Shape of Sugars -- 2. Derivatives of Simple Sugars -- (a) Deoxy-sugars -- (b) Amino- and Acetamido-sugars -- (c) Uronic Acids -- (d) Sugar Alcohols -- (e) Acyl, Ether and Sulphate Groups in Sugars -- 3. Sialic Acids -- 4. Notations for Sugars -- (a) Simple Sugars: Three-letter Notation -- (b) Uronic Acids -- (c) Amino-and Acetamido-sugars -- (d)’ single-letter’ Notation in Special Cases -- (e) Sulphates and Phosphates -- (f) Sialic Acids -- (g) D and L Sugars -- (h) Pyranose and Furanose Forms -- (i) Linkage -- (j ) Anomeric Configuration -- (k) Branching -- (1) Special Symbols -- 5. Special Nomenclature of Glycolipids -- 6. Special Nomenclature of Glycoproteins and Related Polymers -- (c) Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans -- 7. Special Nomenclature of Polysaccharides -- References.
    Abstract: For many years studies of the structure and biosynthesis of saccharides formed a specialised and somewhat abstruse part of biochemistry, with little or no place in molecular biology. In recent years this has changed profoundly, as has the character of much of carbohydrate biochemistry. Saccharides are now seen as generally possessing specific structures, which are potentially informational-though there is little firm evidence, as yet, as to the nature and expression of this information. Biosynthetic studies, especially upon glyco­ proteins, have provided major new insights into the ways by which specific sugar sequences can be assembled and the relationship of this to membranes and membrane flow. While the study of polysaccharide 'biosynthesis has developed more slowly, its future progress will be profoundly affected by the new knowledge of glycoproteins and this, in turn, will have major implications in the understanding of biological matrices and microenvironments. With this rapid growth and change, ever more scientists - of increasingly diverse backgrounds - are needing to understand something of carbohydrate biochemistry. This book is directed towards them, not with the intention that it should compete with existing text books, or simply be an elementary introduction, but with the intent that it should provide a bridge between the rather disparate and diverging lines of development in the subject and to bring out the important principles of saccharide assembly that are emerging.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Nature of PolysaccharidesA. General Introduction -- B. The Emerging View of Carbohydrate Structure -- C. The Sequencing of Oligo- and Poly-saccharides -- D. Structures of Carbohydrates -- Further Reading -- 2. Sugar Nucleotides and Cyclitols -- A. Introduction -- B. The Discovery of Sugar Nucleotides -- C. The Detection, Analysis and Chemistry of Sugar Nucleotides -- D. Classes of Sugar Nucleotides -- E. The Use of ‘Cell-Free’ Systems in Studying Saccharide Assembly: Some Problems -- F. Mechanisms of Interconversion of Sugar Nucleotides -- G. Cyclitol Metabolism -- H. The Fate and Re-use of Degradation Products of Glycoconjugates and Polysaccharides -- I. Pathways of Sugar Nucleotide Interconversion -- Further Reading -- 3. Glycosylation in Bacteria -- A. The Structure of Bacterial Surfaces -- B. Bacterial Carbohydrates -- C. The Strategy of Analysing Glycosyl Transfers in Bacteria -- D. Undecaprenol -- E. Synthesis of Teichoic Acids and Allied Polymers -- F. Peptidoglycan Assembly -- G. Lipopolysaccharide Synthesis (in Salmonella and Related Genera) -- H. Polysaccharide Synthesis -- I. Organisational Aspects of Glycosyl Transfers in Bacteria -- Further Reading -- 4. Glycoprotein and Glycolipid Assembly and Related Processes in Eukaryotic Cells -- A. Glycosylation in Eukaryotes: General Schemes -- B. The Synthesis of N-Glycosidic Oligosaccharide ‘Cores’ in Higher Animals -- C. The Initiation and Early Assembly of ‘Mucin-type’ Structures -- D. The Formation of the Clc1,2Gal 1-Hyl Sequence in Collagens and Clq -- E. Construction of Saccharide Sequences by Mechanisms Independent of Dolichol -- F. Biosynthesis of Glycosphingolipids -- G. Glycerol-based Glycolipids -- H. Sulphated Glycolipids -- I. Complex Glycolipids of Lower Animals -- J. Fungal Cell Wall Mannans and Glycoproteins -- K. The Glycoproteins and Glycolipids of Plants -- Further Reading -- 5. Polysaccharide Assembly in Eukaryotes -- A. Introduction -- B. General Problems and Principles -- C. Specific Polysaccharides -- Further Reading -- 6. Cytological Aspects of Glycosyl Transfer in Eukaryotes -- A. Basic ideas of Membrane Structure and Carbohydrates -- B. The Genetic Commitment to Glycosyl Transfer -- C. Self-assembly in Polysaccharide Structures -- D. The Integration of Glycosyl Transfer into General Metabolism -- Further Reading -- 7. Pathological Aspects of Glycosylation -- A. Introduction -- B. Catabolic Defects in the Metabolism of Glycoconjugates -- C. Abnormal Glycosylation and Uptake of Glycoproteins -- D. Defective Intracellular Targeting of Glycoconjugates -- E. Defective Synthesis of Glycoconjugates -- Further Reading -- Appendix: Terminology -- 1. Shape of Sugars -- 2. Derivatives of Simple Sugars -- (a) Deoxy-sugars -- (b) Amino- and Acetamido-sugars -- (c) Uronic Acids -- (d) Sugar Alcohols -- (e) Acyl, Ether and Sulphate Groups in Sugars -- 3. Sialic Acids -- 4. Notations for Sugars -- (a) Simple Sugars: Three-letter Notation -- (b) Uronic Acids -- (c) Amino-and Acetamido-sugars -- (d)’ single-letter’ Notation in Special Cases -- (e) Sulphates and Phosphates -- (f) Sialic Acids -- (g) D and L Sugars -- (h) Pyranose and Furanose Forms -- (i) Linkage -- (j ) Anomeric Configuration -- (k) Branching -- (1) Special Symbols -- 5. Special Nomenclature of Glycolipids -- 6. Special Nomenclature of Glycoproteins and Related Polymers -- (c) Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans -- 7. Special Nomenclature of Polysaccharides -- References.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9781468464863
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The UK tractor population -- Types of tractor. Tractor-mounted loaders. Diversification. Conventional tractors. Technical variations -- 2 The farming scene: The statistics of how tractors fit in -- The land. Cropping. Labour. Tractor numbers. The EEC. The individual farm -- 3 Matching the tractor to the individual farm -- Size up the farm. The individual farm—the individual circumstances. Ground work. What really happens on the farm. Your production — your enterprise. The crops on the land. Livestock. Machinery. Work in the field. Work on the roads. Farm layout. Work in the buildings. Gather the facts. Your costs. Detailed conclusions. Labour. Weather. Night light. Individual enterprises. Arable work. Grassland work. Transport. Building up a specification. Type of tractor. Size -- 4 The choice: What makes a good tractor? -- The engine. Transmission. Overlap of gears. Competitive price for a full specification. A comfortable and functional cab. Comprehensive hydraulics. Single-lever hydraulics. Lower link sensing. Good brakes. Versatile PTO. Steering. Rigid frame design. Selective steering -- 5 Tractor numbers and sizes -- Purchase of a new tractor. Production. Profit motive. Tractor size. Weather. Available work days for cultivation. Power required. Tractor power. Financial considerations. Financial performance. Acres per hour per £1 invested. Work output per horse power -- 6 Ownership, replacement policy and contractors -- Securing ownership. Sources of finance. Outright purchase. Bank loan. Leasing. Other finance. Replacement policy. Contractor services -- 7 Operation -- Knowledge of the machine. Practical details of tractor operation. The controls. Seat belts. Starting and stopping procedures. Use of throttles. Brakes. Independent PTO clutch. Clutch. Two-speed PTO. Differential lock. Transmissions. Synchromesh transmission. Gear selection. Four-wheel drive. Power-shift transmission. Four-speed mechanical gear selection. Hydraulics. The Selectamatic system. Trailed implements. Operating with draft control. Operating with position control. Lower link sensing. Operating the linkage. Operating draft implements. Operating non-draft implements. External services. Check list — hydraulics operation -- 8 Maintenance and care -- Routine maintenance. Consumables — Fuel. Cold weather. Flash point. Grease. Oil. Additives. Key component — the PTO shaft. Check lists — Periodic inspections. Adjustments and replacements. Service. Special conditions. Replacement Before Failure. Repairs after failure. Service facilities. Layout and choice of equipment -- 9 Professionalism -- Hidden costs. Knowledge. The Health and Safety Regulations. List of Agricultural safety leaflets. Further advice. Further information. Ability. The Agricultural Training Board (ATB). Training. Staff management skills training. Adult worker training. Apprenticeship and craft training scheme. Useful addresses. Insurance. The tractor policy.
    Abstract: Despite the fact that the farmer spends more on machinery than anything else except the land and despite the fact that he spends more on tractors than on any other machine, there are few books on the choice and operation of tractors to fit modern farming conditions. Most of this book is about farming and how to fit tractors to the individual situation. Those sections are completely unbiased and Case are happy to sponsor such a book in the wider interests of sensible, more productive and safer use of tractors and machinery. Where the Company's views are expressed it is clearly stated as such. This is mainly in the area of design detail and then only for the sake of being concise and brief. The first part of the book is concerned with relating the needs of the individual farm to specific details of tractor performance. Later chapters deal with policy on size, numbers and replacement. This section is a major development specifically about tractors. It is developed from the author's work Farm Mechanisationfor Prl!fitwhich deals with machinery in the wider sense. Later chapters of this book are related to profes­ sionalism in operation, maintenance and care.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The UK tractor populationTypes of tractor. Tractor-mounted loaders. Diversification. Conventional tractors. Technical variations -- 2 The farming scene: The statistics of how tractors fit in -- The land. Cropping. Labour. Tractor numbers. The EEC. The individual farm -- 3 Matching the tractor to the individual farm -- Size up the farm. The individual farm-the individual circumstances. Ground work. What really happens on the farm. Your production - your enterprise. The crops on the land. Livestock. Machinery. Work in the field. Work on the roads. Farm layout. Work in the buildings. Gather the facts. Your costs. Detailed conclusions. Labour. Weather. Night light. Individual enterprises. Arable work. Grassland work. Transport. Building up a specification. Type of tractor. Size -- 4 The choice: What makes a good tractor? -- The engine. Transmission. Overlap of gears. Competitive price for a full specification. A comfortable and functional cab. Comprehensive hydraulics. Single-lever hydraulics. Lower link sensing. Good brakes. Versatile PTO. Steering. Rigid frame design. Selective steering -- 5 Tractor numbers and sizes -- Purchase of a new tractor. Production. Profit motive. Tractor size. Weather. Available work days for cultivation. Power required. Tractor power. Financial considerations. Financial performance. Acres per hour per £1 invested. Work output per horse power -- 6 Ownership, replacement policy and contractors -- Securing ownership. Sources of finance. Outright purchase. Bank loan. Leasing. Other finance. Replacement policy. Contractor services -- 7 Operation -- Knowledge of the machine. Practical details of tractor operation. The controls. Seat belts. Starting and stopping procedures. Use of throttles. Brakes. Independent PTO clutch. Clutch. Two-speed PTO. Differential lock. Transmissions. Synchromesh transmission. Gear selection. Four-wheel drive. Power-shift transmission. Four-speed mechanical gear selection. Hydraulics. The Selectamatic system. Trailed implements. Operating with draft control. Operating with position control. Lower link sensing. Operating the linkage. Operating draft implements. Operating non-draft implements. External services. Check list - hydraulics operation -- 8 Maintenance and care -- Routine maintenance. Consumables - Fuel. Cold weather. Flash point. Grease. Oil. Additives. Key component - the PTO shaft. Check lists - Periodic inspections. Adjustments and replacements. Service. Special conditions. Replacement Before Failure. Repairs after failure. Service facilities. Layout and choice of equipment -- 9 Professionalism -- Hidden costs. Knowledge. The Health and Safety Regulations. List of Agricultural safety leaflets. Further advice. Further information. Ability. The Agricultural Training Board (ATB). Training. Staff management skills training. Adult worker training. Apprenticeship and craft training scheme. Useful addresses. Insurance. The tractor policy.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9781489950017
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 465 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Human genetics ; Anthropology ; Medical genetics.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461598855
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Introduction to Robotics -- Two What is a Robot? -- Background -- Definitions -- Types of Automation -- Classification of Robots -- Cost Limitations -- Social Implications -- Three The Mechanical Arm -- Overview -- Types of Joints -- Classification of Robots by Type of Joint -- Comparison of Robot Work Envelopes -- Suitability for Particular Tasks -- Link Construction -- Robot Arm Drive Units -- Four The Robot Controller -- Robot Control Levels -- Off-Line Programming Control and Real-Time Control -- Controller Programming -- Five Robot Teaching Methods -- Preview -- Teaching Methods -- Programming Methods -- Comparison of Teaching and Programming Methods -- Six The End Effector -- Two-Finger Grippers -- Three-Finger Grippers -- Cylindrical Object Grippers -- Fragile Object Grippers -- Jointed Grippers -- Vacuum and Electromagnetic Grippers -- Automatic Gripper Changers -- Seven Integration and Operation of Robot Subsystems -- A Robot Task -- Eight Industrial Applications of Robots -- Industrial Applications -- Adapting Robots to Work Stations -- Stages in Selecting Robots for Industrial Application -- Nine Sensors and Sensing -- Artificial Intelligence -- Human Versus Artificial Senses -- Sensor Types -- Ten Future Developments -- Preview -- Unmanned Factories -- Personal Robots -- Man-Machine Communications -- Artificial Bodies -- Conclusion.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Introduction to RoboticsTwo What is a Robot? -- Background -- Definitions -- Types of Automation -- Classification of Robots -- Cost Limitations -- Social Implications -- Three The Mechanical Arm -- Overview -- Types of Joints -- Classification of Robots by Type of Joint -- Comparison of Robot Work Envelopes -- Suitability for Particular Tasks -- Link Construction -- Robot Arm Drive Units -- Four The Robot Controller -- Robot Control Levels -- Off-Line Programming Control and Real-Time Control -- Controller Programming -- Five Robot Teaching Methods -- Preview -- Teaching Methods -- Programming Methods -- Comparison of Teaching and Programming Methods -- Six The End Effector -- Two-Finger Grippers -- Three-Finger Grippers -- Cylindrical Object Grippers -- Fragile Object Grippers -- Jointed Grippers -- Vacuum and Electromagnetic Grippers -- Automatic Gripper Changers -- Seven Integration and Operation of Robot Subsystems -- A Robot Task -- Eight Industrial Applications of Robots -- Industrial Applications -- Adapting Robots to Work Stations -- Stages in Selecting Robots for Industrial Application -- Nine Sensors and Sensing -- Artificial Intelligence -- Human Versus Artificial Senses -- Sensor Types -- Ten Future Developments -- Preview -- Unmanned Factories -- Personal Robots -- Man-Machine Communications -- Artificial Bodies -- Conclusion.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468447309
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Cryptography. ; Data encryption (Computer science). ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Session I: Algorithms and Theory -- Knapsack Public Key Cryptosystems and Diophantine Approximation (Extended Abstract) -- Solving Low Density Knapsacks -- Evaluation of the Adleman Attack on Multiply Iterated Knapsack Cryptosystems (Abstract) -- On the Power of Cascade Ciphers (Extended Abstract) -- The Prisoners’ Problem and the Subliminal Channel -- Session II: Modes of Operation -- An Overview of Factoring -- New Ideas for Factoring Large Integers -- Factoring Numbers on the Massively Parallel Computer -- Factorization Using the Quadratic Sieve Algorithm -- Session III: Protocols and Transaction Security -- Signatures through Approximate Representations by Quadratic Forms (Extended Abstract) -- A Simple Protocol for Signing Contracts -- Reducibility among Protocols (Extended Abstract) -- How to Exchange Half a Bit -- Blind Signature System (Abstract) -- Session IV: Applications -- A Layered Broadcast Cryptographic System -- Analytical Characteristics of the DES -- Producing a One-Way Hash Function from DES -- On the Security of Compressed Encodings -- Field Encryption and Authentication -- Shift-Register Synthesis (Modulo m) (Abstract) -- Session V: Special Session on Cryptanalysis -- Probabilistic Analysis and Performance Modelling of the ‘Swedish’ Algorithm and Modifications -- A Subexponential-Time Algorithm for Computing Discrete Logarithms over GF(p2) -- Permutation Polynomials in RSA-Cryptosystems -- Some Results on the Information Theoretic Analysis of Cryptosystems -- Rump Session: Impromptu Talks -- Improving the Security of Exponential Key Exchange -- RSA Bits Are 732+? Secure (Preliminary Abstract) -- Use of the ‘Signature Token’ to Create a Negotiable Document -- Electronic Wallet -- Design Concepts for Tamper Responding Systems -- Author Index.
    Abstract: An international community of researchers is now flourishing in the area of cryptology-there was none half-a-dozen years ago. The intrinsic fascination of the field certainly is part of the explanation. Another factor may be that many sense the importance and potential consequences of this work, as we move into the information age. I believe that the various meetings devoted to cryptology over the past few years have contributed quite significantly to the formation of this community, by allowing those in the field to get to know each other and by providing for rapid exchange of ideas. CRYPTO 83 was once again truly the cryptologic event of the year. Many of the most active participants continue to attend each year, and attendance continues to grow at a healthy rate. The informal and collegial atmosphere and the beach side setting which contribute to the popularity of the event were again supported by flawless weather. The absence of parallel sessions seemed to provide a welcome opportunity to keep abreast of developments in the various areas of activity. Each session of the meeting organized by the program committee is repre­ sented by a section in the present volume. The papers were accepted by the program committee based on abstracts, and appear here without having been otherwise refereed. The last section contains papers presented at the informal rump session. A keyword index and an author index to the papers is provided at the end of the volume.
    Description / Table of Contents: Session I: Algorithms and TheoryKnapsack Public Key Cryptosystems and Diophantine Approximation (Extended Abstract) -- Solving Low Density Knapsacks -- Evaluation of the Adleman Attack on Multiply Iterated Knapsack Cryptosystems (Abstract) -- On the Power of Cascade Ciphers (Extended Abstract) -- The Prisoners’ Problem and the Subliminal Channel -- Session II: Modes of Operation -- An Overview of Factoring -- New Ideas for Factoring Large Integers -- Factoring Numbers on the Massively Parallel Computer -- Factorization Using the Quadratic Sieve Algorithm -- Session III: Protocols and Transaction Security -- Signatures through Approximate Representations by Quadratic Forms (Extended Abstract) -- A Simple Protocol for Signing Contracts -- Reducibility among Protocols (Extended Abstract) -- How to Exchange Half a Bit -- Blind Signature System (Abstract) -- Session IV: Applications -- A Layered Broadcast Cryptographic System -- Analytical Characteristics of the DES -- Producing a One-Way Hash Function from DES -- On the Security of Compressed Encodings -- Field Encryption and Authentication -- Shift-Register Synthesis (Modulo m) (Abstract) -- Session V: Special Session on Cryptanalysis -- Probabilistic Analysis and Performance Modelling of the ‘Swedish’ Algorithm and Modifications -- A Subexponential-Time Algorithm for Computing Discrete Logarithms over GF(p2) -- Permutation Polynomials in RSA-Cryptosystems -- Some Results on the Information Theoretic Analysis of Cryptosystems -- Rump Session: Impromptu Talks -- Improving the Security of Exponential Key Exchange -- RSA Bits Are 732+? Secure (Preliminary Abstract) -- Use of the ‘Signature Token’ to Create a Negotiable Document -- Electronic Wallet -- Design Concepts for Tamper Responding Systems -- Author Index.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461598886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 262 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: ONE Components of Robotic Systems -- General -- Mechanical Arm -- End Effector -- Robot Motors -- Computer (Controller) -- Sensors -- Two The Mechanical Arm -- Mechanical Arm Structure -- Classifying Robots -- Structural Characteristics of Robots -- Three Fundamental Concepts of Control -- Control Systems -- Open-Loop Control -- Closed-Loop Control -- Negative and Positive Feedback -- Control System Errors and Stability -- Controller Types -- Four Electrical Drive Components -- DC Servo Motors -- Stepping Motors -- Considerations in the Use of Stepping Versus DC Servo Motors -- Five Hydraulic Drive Systems -- Properties of Hydraulic Fluids -- Cylinders -- Power Sources -- Valves -- Electrohydraulic Servo Valves -- Six Feedback Devices -- Potentiometers -- Optical Encoders -- DC Tachometers (Tachogenerators) -- Seven Drive and Control Systems: An Appraisal -- Automatic Drilling Process: Computerized Control System for One Axis -- Automatic Command for Filling Containers with a Constant Powder Volume -- Computer-Controlled System for Hydraulic Cylinder Position and Velocity Control -- Hydraulic Cartesian Robot with Three Degrees of Freedom -- Eight Robot Path Control -- What is Path Control? -- Point-to-Point Control -- Continuous Path Control -- Nine A Case Study -- Defining the Task -- Can this Robot Perform this Task? -- Operation of the Robot Components during Execution of the Assigned Task.
    Description / Table of Contents: ONE Components of Robotic SystemsGeneral -- Mechanical Arm -- End Effector -- Robot Motors -- Computer (Controller) -- Sensors -- Two The Mechanical Arm -- Mechanical Arm Structure -- Classifying Robots -- Structural Characteristics of Robots -- Three Fundamental Concepts of Control -- Control Systems -- Open-Loop Control -- Closed-Loop Control -- Negative and Positive Feedback -- Control System Errors and Stability -- Controller Types -- Four Electrical Drive Components -- DC Servo Motors -- Stepping Motors -- Considerations in the Use of Stepping Versus DC Servo Motors -- Five Hydraulic Drive Systems -- Properties of Hydraulic Fluids -- Cylinders -- Power Sources -- Valves -- Electrohydraulic Servo Valves -- Six Feedback Devices -- Potentiometers -- Optical Encoders -- DC Tachometers (Tachogenerators) -- Seven Drive and Control Systems: An Appraisal -- Automatic Drilling Process: Computerized Control System for One Axis -- Automatic Command for Filling Containers with a Constant Powder Volume -- Computer-Controlled System for Hydraulic Cylinder Position and Velocity Control -- Hydraulic Cartesian Robot with Three Degrees of Freedom -- Eight Robot Path Control -- What is Path Control? -- Point-to-Point Control -- Continuous Path Control -- Nine A Case Study -- Defining the Task -- Can this Robot Perform this Task? -- Operation of the Robot Components during Execution of the Assigned Task.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468445022
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: 1. The Ethics of Intervention -- 2. Changing Families through Parent and Family Education: Review and Analysis -- 3. A Balancing Act: Preserving Family Autonomy and Protecting the Child -- 4. School, Occupation, Culture, and Family: The Impact of Parental Schooling on the Parent-Child Relationship -- 5. Parents’ Beliefs about Child Socialization: A Study of Parenting Models -- 6. Prompting Parents toward Constructivist Caregiving Practices -- 7. Idividual Differences in Participation in a Parent-Child Support Program -- 8. Beyond the Deficit Model: The Empowerment of Parents with Information and Informal Supports -- 9. Foster Care and Families -- 10. Parents: The Mental Health Professionals’ Scapegoat -- 11. Intervention Research on Families: A Pediatric Perspective -- Author Index.
    Abstract: In a previous volume, Families as Learning Environments for Children, we presented a series of chapters that dealt with research programs on the role of families as learning environments for children. Those studies were based on empirical data and sought answers to basic research questions, with no explicit concern for the application of the results to practical problems. Rather, their purpose was to contribute primarily to conceptualization, research methodology, and psychological theory. Now, in this volume, we turn our attention to intervention-efforts to modify the way a family develops. As in our previous conference, the participants of the working conference on which the present volume is based are research scientists and scholars interested in application. This group is distinct from practitioners, however, whose primary focus is service; participants in this conference have as their primary interest research into the problems of processes of application. Applied professional issues concerning the lives of families come from many varied sources, from some that are distant and impersonal (e. g. , the law) to direct face-to-face efforts (educators, therapists). The variety of sources and types of applications are eloquent testimony to the degree to which families are subject to a host of societal forces whose implicit or explicit aim is to modify family functioning. For example, some educators may wish to alter family child-rearing patterns to enhance child development; the clinician seeks to help families come to terms and to cope with a schizophrenic child. The list can be extended.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Ethics of Intervention2. Changing Families through Parent and Family Education: Review and Analysis -- 3. A Balancing Act: Preserving Family Autonomy and Protecting the Child -- 4. School, Occupation, Culture, and Family: The Impact of Parental Schooling on the Parent-Child Relationship -- 5. Parents’ Beliefs about Child Socialization: A Study of Parenting Models -- 6. Prompting Parents toward Constructivist Caregiving Practices -- 7. Idividual Differences in Participation in a Parent-Child Support Program -- 8. Beyond the Deficit Model: The Empowerment of Parents with Information and Informal Supports -- 9. Foster Care and Families -- 10. Parents: The Mental Health Professionals’ Scapegoat -- 11. Intervention Research on Families: A Pediatric Perspective -- Author Index.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468468557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- The Front End 12; Image Processing 13; Pattern Recognition 13; Applications 14; Structure of the Book 16; Future Directions for Robot Vision 21 -- I: Techniques -- 2 Software or Hardware for Robot Vision? -- 3 Comparison of Five Methods for the Recognition of Industrial Parts -- 4 Syntactic Techniques in Scene Analysis -- II: Applications -- 5 Recognition of Overlapping Workpieces by Model-Directed Construction of Object Contours -- 6 Simple Assembly Under Visual Control -- 7 Visually Interactive Gripping of Engineering Parts from Random Orientation -- 8 An Interface Circuit for a Linear Photodiode Array Camera -- III: Adaptive Processing for Vision -- 9 Networks of Memory Elements: A Processor for Industrial Automation -- 10 Computer Vision Systems for Industry: Comparisons -- 11 Memory Networks for Practical Vision Systems: Design Calculations -- 12 Emergent Intelligence from Adaptive Processing Systems.
    Abstract: I. ALEKSANDER Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics BruneI University, England The three key words that appear in the title of this book need some clarification. First, how far does the word robot reach in the context of indus­ trial automation? There is an argument maintaining that this range is not fixed, but increases with advancing technology. The most limited definition of the robot is also the earliest. The history is worth following because it provides a convincing backdrop to the central point of this book: vision is likely to epitomize the technolo­ gical advance, having the greatest effect in enlarging the definition and range of activity of robots. In the mid 1950s it was foreseen that a purely mechanical arm-like device could be used to move objects between two fixed locations. This was seen to be cost-effective only if the task was to remain fixed for some time. The need to change tasks and therefore the level of programmability of the robot was a key issue in the broadening of robot activities. Robots installed in industry in the early 1960s derived their programmability from a device called apinboard. Ver­ tical wires were energized sequentially in time, while horizontal wires, when energized, would trigger off elementary actions in the manipulator arm. The task of reprogramming was a huge one, as pins had to be reinserted in the board, connecting steps in time with robot actions.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 IntroductionThe Front End 12; Image Processing 13; Pattern Recognition 13; Applications 14; Structure of the Book 16; Future Directions for Robot Vision 21 -- I: Techniques -- 2 Software or Hardware for Robot Vision? -- 3 Comparison of Five Methods for the Recognition of Industrial Parts -- 4 Syntactic Techniques in Scene Analysis -- II: Applications -- 5 Recognition of Overlapping Workpieces by Model-Directed Construction of Object Contours -- 6 Simple Assembly Under Visual Control -- 7 Visually Interactive Gripping of Engineering Parts from Random Orientation -- 8 An Interface Circuit for a Linear Photodiode Array Camera -- III: Adaptive Processing for Vision -- 9 Networks of Memory Elements: A Processor for Industrial Automation -- 10 Computer Vision Systems for Industry: Comparisons -- 11 Memory Networks for Practical Vision Systems: Design Calculations -- 12 Emergent Intelligence from Adaptive Processing Systems.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468488968
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Dedication: Henry A. Jones (1889-1981) Plant Breeder ExtraordinaireText -- Publications of H.A. Jones -- 2 The Genetics of Petunia -- I. Introduction -- II. Chromosomes -- III. Chromosome Numbers -- IV. Genes -- V. Chromosome Mapping -- VI. Mutagenesis and Mutability -- VII. Somatic Cell Investigations -- VIII. Conclusion -- 3 Breeding Common Bean for Improved Quantity and Quality of Seed Protein -- I. Introduction -- II. Composition of Seed Protein -- III. Variation in Seed Protein Expression -- IV. Utilization of Genetic Variation for Improvement Through Breeding -- V. Use of Molecular Genetic Engineering -- VI. The Impact of Improved Seed Protein Quantity and Quality -- 4 Genetics of Storage Protein in Maize -- I. Introduction -- II. Definition -- III. Chemistry -- IV. Genetic Regulation -- V. Relationship with Grain Quality and Productivity -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- 5 The Use of Endosperm Genes for Sweet Corn Improvement -- I. Introduction -- II. Historical Perspective -- III. Variability of Endosperm Genes -- IV. Biochemical Considerations -- V. Current Cultivars in Production -- VI. Problems and Perspectives -- 6 Breeding Pearl Millet -- I. Introduction -- II. Reproduction -- III. Cytogenetics -- IV. Germplasm -- V. Breeding -- 7 Breeding Soybeans Resistant to Diseases -- I. Introduction -- II. Breeding Methods -- III. Fungal Diseases -- IV. Bacterial Diseases -- V. Virus Diseases -- VI. Nematodes -- VII. Summary and Conclusions -- 8 The Genetic Improvement of Black Walnut for Timber Production -- I. Introduction and Historical Perspective -- II. Floral Structure and Reproduction -- III. Germplasm Sources and Preservation -- IV. Variation and Inheritance -- V. Breeding Strategies -- VI. Seed Orchards -- VII. Production and Distribution of Improved Stock -- VIII. Future Directions -- 9 The Genes of Lettuce and Closely Related Species -- I. Gene Nomenclature -- II. Gene Descriptions -- III. Gene Linkage -- 10 Breeding Apple Rootstocks -- I. Introduction -- II. Breeding Programs -- III. A Sequential Approach to Apple Rootstock Breeding -- IV. Screening Protocols -- V. Breeding for Specific Orchard Attributes -- VI. Nursery Characteristics -- VII. Tolerance of Factors of Physical Environment -- VIII. Resistances to Diseases and Animal Pests -- IX. Seed Propagated Rootstocks -- X. Novel Methods of Improving Genotypes -- XI. Conclusion.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461593348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Some Principles Governing the Luminescence of Organic Molecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Spontaneous Emission -- 3. Molecular Luminescence Characteristics -- 4. Principles of Luminescence Experiments Carried Out with Lasers -- 5. Coherent Interactions of Molecules and Light -- 6. Ultrafast Fluorescence Decay -- 7. The Effects of Inhomogeneous Distributions -- 8. Bibliography -- 2 Covalent Fluorescent Probes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Primary Considerations in Fluorescent Labeling of Biomolecules -- 3. Covalent Labeling of Biomolecules -- 4. Selective Modification Reactions -- 5. References -- 3 Nanosecond Pulse Fluorimetry of Proteins -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Instrumentation and Data Analyses -- 3. Fluorescence Lifetime Studies -- 4. Fluorescence Quenching Studies -- 5. Fluorescence Energy Transfer for Distance Measurements in Proteins -- 5. Nanosecond Pulse Fluorimetry Studies of Muscle Contractile Proteins -- 7. References -- 4 The Use of Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay in the Study of Biological Macromolecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory -- 3. Experimental Procedures: Measurement of Anisotropy Decay -- 4. Applications of Fluorescence Anisotropy -- 5. References -- 5 Plasma Lipoproteins: Fluorescence as a Probe of Structure and Dynamics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structural Studies of Native Lipoproteins, Apoproteins, and Reassembled Lipoproteins, Using Intrinsic Protein Fluorescence and Covalently Attached Fluorescence Probes -- 3. Extrinsic Fluorescence Probes of Lipoprotein Structure and Function -- 4. Dynamics of Lipid Transfer -- 5. Summary and Perspectives -- 6. References -- 6 Fluorescent Dye—Nucleic Acid Complexes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Intercalating and Nonintercalating Dyes -- 3. Nucleic Acid—Dye Binding Isotherms -- 4. Fluorescence Lifetimes and Quantum Yields -- 5. Decay of Fluorescence Anisotropy -- 6. Radiationless Energy Transfer -- 7. Cytological Applications -- 8. References.
    Abstract: During the past decade, fluorescence techniques have come to occupy a position of central importance in biochemistry. Such areas as laser techniques, radiation­ less energy transfer, and nanosecond fluorometry have evolved from esoteric research specialties into standard procedures that are applied routinely to bio­ chemical problems. Indeed, discussion of the above three areas occupies the greater part of this book. Its level and approach are appropriate for the bio­ logical or physical scientist who is interested in applying fluorescence techniques, but is not necessarily an expert in this area. The coverage of the literature has, in general, been selective rather than exhaustive. It is likely that what is summarized here will prove resistant to the erosion of time and provide a basis for the future evolution of this rapidly developing area of science. Robert F. Steiner Catonsville, Maryland vii Contents Chapter 1 Some Principles Governing the Luminescence of Organic Molecules R. M Hochstrasser 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Spontaneous Emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. 1. General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. 2. Luminescence from Nearby States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. 3. Multiple State Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Molecular Luminescence Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. 1. The Transition Dipole Moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. 2. Determination of Transition-Moment Directions from Fluorescence . . . 8 3. 3. Polarization of Fluorescence from Crystals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4. Principles of Luminescence Experiments Carried Out with Lasers. . . . . . . 12 4. 1. Nonlinear Processes and Optical Pumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5. Coherent Interactions of Molecules and Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5. 1. The Distinctions between Fluorescence and Resonance Raman Effects 17 6. Ultrafast Fluorescence Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Some Principles Governing the Luminescence of Organic Molecules1. Introduction -- 2. Spontaneous Emission -- 3. Molecular Luminescence Characteristics -- 4. Principles of Luminescence Experiments Carried Out with Lasers -- 5. Coherent Interactions of Molecules and Light -- 6. Ultrafast Fluorescence Decay -- 7. The Effects of Inhomogeneous Distributions -- 8. Bibliography -- 2 Covalent Fluorescent Probes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Primary Considerations in Fluorescent Labeling of Biomolecules -- 3. Covalent Labeling of Biomolecules -- 4. Selective Modification Reactions -- 5. References -- 3 Nanosecond Pulse Fluorimetry of Proteins -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Instrumentation and Data Analyses -- 3. Fluorescence Lifetime Studies -- 4. Fluorescence Quenching Studies -- 5. Fluorescence Energy Transfer for Distance Measurements in Proteins -- 5. Nanosecond Pulse Fluorimetry Studies of Muscle Contractile Proteins -- 7. References -- 4 The Use of Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay in the Study of Biological Macromolecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory -- 3. Experimental Procedures: Measurement of Anisotropy Decay -- 4. Applications of Fluorescence Anisotropy -- 5. References -- 5 Plasma Lipoproteins: Fluorescence as a Probe of Structure and Dynamics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structural Studies of Native Lipoproteins, Apoproteins, and Reassembled Lipoproteins, Using Intrinsic Protein Fluorescence and Covalently Attached Fluorescence Probes -- 3. Extrinsic Fluorescence Probes of Lipoprotein Structure and Function -- 4. Dynamics of Lipid Transfer -- 5. Summary and Perspectives -- 6. References -- 6 Fluorescent Dye-Nucleic Acid Complexes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Intercalating and Nonintercalating Dyes -- 3. Nucleic Acid-Dye Binding Isotherms -- 4. Fluorescence Lifetimes and Quantum Yields -- 5. Decay of Fluorescence Anisotropy -- 6. Radiationless Energy Transfer -- 7. Cytological Applications -- 8. References.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468445053
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 373 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Physiological Effects of Near-Ultraviolet Radiation on Bacteria -- 2. The Electronic Spectroscopy of Photoreceptors (Other Than Rhodopsin) -- 3. Photodynamic Agents as Tools for Cell Biology -- 4. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Related Techniques Applied to Biological Materials -- 5. Photobiology and Radiobiology of Micrococcus (Deinococcus) radiodurans -- 6. Cherenkov Radiation: Its Properties, Occurrence, and Uses -- 7. Neurospora crassa: A Unique System for Studying Circadian Rhythms.
    Abstract: The goals of the science of photobiology can be divided into four cate­ gories: to develop (1) ways to optimize the beneficial effects of light on man and his environment, (2) methods to protect organisms, including man, from the detrimental effects of light, (3) photochemical tools for use in studies of life processes, and (4) photochemical therapies in medicine. To achieve these goals will require the knowledgeable collaboration of biologists, chemists, engineers, mathematicians, physicians, and phys­ icists, because photobiology is a truly multidisciplinary science. While a multidisciplinary science is more intellectually demanding, it also has a greater potential for unexpected breakthroughs that can occur when data from several areas of science are integrated into new concepts for the­ oretical or practical use. Photochemical and Photobiological Reviews continues to provide in-depth coverage of the many specialty areas of photobiology. It is hoped that these reviews will provide an important service to the younger sci­ entists in the field and to senior scientists in related fields, because they provide a ready access to the recent literature in the field, and more importantly, they frequently offer a critical evaluation of the direction that the field is taking, or suggest a redirection when appropriate.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Physiological Effects of Near-Ultraviolet Radiation on Bacteria2. The Electronic Spectroscopy of Photoreceptors (Other Than Rhodopsin) -- 3. Photodynamic Agents as Tools for Cell Biology -- 4. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Related Techniques Applied to Biological Materials -- 5. Photobiology and Radiobiology of Micrococcus (Deinococcus) radiodurans -- 6. Cherenkov Radiation: Its Properties, Occurrence, and Uses -- 7. Neurospora crassa: A Unique System for Studying Circadian Rhythms.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468444483
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 212 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History, Ancient.
    Abstract: 1 Excellence and Creativity in Science -- 2 Basic Biomedical Research: A Cost-Benefit Analysis -- 3 Molecular Biology: Application to Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders of Hemoglobin -- 4 Economic Impact of Recombinant DNA Technology -- 5 Foundations and Their Contributions to the Shaping of Health Policy -- 6 Differing Approaches to Biomedical Research: The NIH, the Academic Medical Center, and the Pharmaceutical Industry -- 7 World Endemic Disease: Costs and Potential Fiscal Benefits of Medical Research -- 8 The World Health Organization: Its Influence on Worldwide Research Policies -- 9 Histocompatibility Workshops: Economic Impact -- 10 A Model for the Funding of Clinical Faculty in a Municipal Hospital -- 11 Economics of American Health Care.
    Abstract: The world is on the threshold of a great new industrial revolution, a 1 scientific-industrial revolution. Recombinant DNA technology and hybridoma technology ("monoclonal antibodies") have already pro­ vided unique investment opportunities for venture capitalists. Hence published reports of biomedical research are no longer restricted to scientific journals, but now appear regularly not only in weekly news­ 2 magazines like Time and U. S. News & World Report,3 but also in the financial sections of The New York Times,4 The Wall Street Journal,S 6 8 Business Week, Fortune,7 and The Economist, as well as in such stock 9 market advisory publications as New Issues and Inc. (The Magazine for Growing Companies). 10 These publications now appear to be as impor­ tant to biomedical scientists in keeping abreast of new scientific devel­ opments in biotechnology as is Current Contents. (The costs of health­ cost provision and of fundamental biomedical research are now also being followed by such media. ) Conversely, Wall Street financial bro­ kers increasingly no longer confine their reading to economic journals but are also perusing Nature,ll Science,12 and Science N 13 for infor­ ews mation on both fiscal and scientific advances in these areas. It is obvious that the information explosion in biotechnology is crossing traditional boundaries (e. g. , ref. 14). This volume is the second of several that are intended to inform both the biomedical community and interested intelligent laymen of the political and economic implications of biomedical research.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Excellence and Creativity in Science2 Basic Biomedical Research: A Cost-Benefit Analysis -- 3 Molecular Biology: Application to Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders of Hemoglobin -- 4 Economic Impact of Recombinant DNA Technology -- 5 Foundations and Their Contributions to the Shaping of Health Policy -- 6 Differing Approaches to Biomedical Research: The NIH, the Academic Medical Center, and the Pharmaceutical Industry -- 7 World Endemic Disease: Costs and Potential Fiscal Benefits of Medical Research -- 8 The World Health Organization: Its Influence on Worldwide Research Policies -- 9 Histocompatibility Workshops: Economic Impact -- 10 A Model for the Funding of Clinical Faculty in a Municipal Hospital -- 11 Economics of American Health Care.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9781468442748
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVIII, 695 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: of Volume 6 -- 1 Types of Alcohol Dependence -- Factors of Change -- The Need for a Unifying Concept -- Individual Variability -- The Problems of Alcohol -- Types of Alcohol Dependence -- The Concept of Social Dependence -- Summary and Some Implications for Research, Prevention, and Treatment -- 2 The Natural History of Alcoholism -- Historical Aspects -- Natural History Studies -- Alcoholism in Females -- Spontaneous Remission -- Social Drinking in Ex-Alcoholics -- Abstinence -- Morbidity -- Mortality -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 Psychiatric Characteristics of Alcoholics -- Acute Alcohol Psychoses: Intoxication and Withdrawal -- Alcoholism and Affective Disorders -- Alcoholism and Suicide -- Alcoholism and Schizophrenia -- Alcoholism and Sociopathy -- Alcoholism and Neurosis -- Treatment Implications -- Summary -- References -- 4 Clinical and Prealcoholic Personality Characteristics -- Objective Personality Batteries -- Projective Personality Tests -- Perceptual Tests -- A Clinical Alcoholic Personality Model -- References -- 5 Why Do Alcoholics Drink? -- The Evolution of “Addictive” Drinking Behavior -- The Issue of Loss of Control -- Individual Drinking Patterns -- Summary -- References -- 6 Alcoholism in Women -- The Causative Theories -- General Conclusions -- References -- 7 The Alcoholic Family -- Family Assessment and Measurement Techniques -- Family Environment and the Development of Alcoholism -- Family Determinants of the Course of Alcoholism -- The Impact of Alcoholism on the Family: Family Violence -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Ethnicity and Nationality in Alcoholism -- Drinking Subcultures -- A Socialization Model of Drinking -- The Dynamics of Drinking Socialization -- The Effects of Assimilation on Ethnic Drinking Patterns -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Religion and Alcoholism -- Theories of the Moral and Symbolic Dimensions of Drinking -- Religion and Drunkenness in Primitive and Traditional Societies -- Religion and Alcoholism in Modern Societies -- References -- 10 Social-Class Factors in Alcoholism -- Historical Background -- Institutional Rates -- Statistics of Troubles -- Direct Measures of Drinking -- Measures of Drinking Problems -- Summary, Discussion, and Conclusion -- References -- 11 Occupational Factors in Alcoholism -- Review of the Literature -- Structural Characteristics of Occupations -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 12 Region and Urbanization as Factors in Drinking Practices and Problems -- Geography and Drinking -- Alcohol Measures and Geographic Variables -- Geographic Units and Alcohol Studies -- Variation by Region and Urbanicity in Drinking Practices and Problems in the United States -- New Data on Drinking Patterns -- Alcohol-Related Problems -- Regional Differences in an International Perspective -- Urban-Rural Differences in an International Perspective -- Alcohol and the Process of Urbanization -- References -- 13 A Comprehensive Theory of the Pathogenesis of Alcoholism -- System Dynamics -- A Theory of Alcoholism -- Investigating Ways to Deal with Alcoholism -- Conclusion -- References.
    Abstract: Pathogenesis is defined in Blakiston's Medical Dictional), as "the course of development of disease, including the sequence of processes or events from inception to the characteristic lesion or disease. " The central position of the word "pathogenesis" in the titles of Volumes 6 and 7 in itself connotes a bias on the part of the editors in favor of the disease concept of alcoholism, inasmuch as the end product of the pathogenetic process is presumed to be a disease. But the disease model as here conceptualized is vastly different from that of Jellinek, or of Alcoholics Anonymous, or of psychoanalysis. In those theories, alcoholism is seen as the inevitable consequence of some specific flaw in the heredity or the experience of the afflicted individual that inexorably leads to alcoholism. In these present volumes, the alcoholic syndrome is viewed rather as the outgrowth of the interaction of a variety of biological, psychological, and social influences which, depending on the predom­ inance of one or another, may lead to different types of alcoholism. This view, which has been labeled the bio-psycho-social perspective, encompasses a larger view of the dynamics of the development of alcoholism, incorporating data from each of the phenomenologic levels involved. An additional complication arises from the fact that the physiolog­ ical and psychosocial stigmata of alcoholics, which are probably most often the result of prolonged drinking, frequently have come to be considered as causes of the disease.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489904119
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 240 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nonprofit Management and Finance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: I. Research Grants -- A Successful Grant Application to the National Institutes of Health -- A Proposal to Study the Differentiation and Physiology of a Neuroblastoma: A Successful Research Grant Application Submitted to the National Institutes of Health -- Research Grant Budget: Preparation and Justification in Relation to the Proposed Research -- The History of the Inflation-Recession Proposal -- The Unique Opportunity (Comment on the Proposal) -- The Impact of Inflation-Recession on Families in Cities -- The History of the Engineering Ethics Study Funded by NSF -- Engineering Ethics in Organizational Contexts: A Formal Proposal to the National Science Foundation’s Program on Ethics and Values in Science and Technology -- II. Training Grants -- Henry Street Settlement’s Youth Employment Training Program Proposal -- History of the Proposal: A Comment -- Description and Rationale for Proposed M.S. Degree Training Program in Applied Social Research in Crime and Delinquency Programs -- Developing a Graduate Program in Health Advocacy -- Comments on the Health Advocates Proposal -- III. The Arts -- Adding Excitment to Your Proposals -- The Opera Participation Project—Involving Bay Area Yourth in Vocal Arts -- NEA Support for the Small Arts Project -- The Film Fund: What It Is and What It Does -- On the March -- The History of the Living Stage Theatre Company Proposal -- A Proposal to Work With Incarcerated Men and Women from the Living Stage Theatre Company -- IV. The Humanities -- History of the Proposal -- NEH Pilot Grant - Columbus College Proposal for a Three-Quarter Sequence of Interdisciplinary Humanities Courses for General Students -- Grantmaking at the National Endowment for the Humanities -- Critique of Interdisciplinary Humanities Proposal -- V. Federal Contracts -- Request for a Proposal: Solicitation for a Federal Contract -- VI. Foundations and Corporations -- The Preliminary Letter.
    Abstract: application was given describing the research No fund-raising technique is as effective as a personal presentation, a detailed discussion be· techniques, pre-application negotiations with the tween the applicant and the potential funder of granting agency, and the strong features of the the proposed activity held before the written re­ written application that contributed to its success. quest is submitted. If, during the discussion, the Examples that have appeared and continue to appear in GRANTS MAGAZINE were sug­ presentation is made effectively, the chance of success is immeasurably greater and the final gested or contributed by many people, among preparation of the application is comparatively them the magazine's editors, editorial board members, and their colleagues, friends, and easier. It is not, unfortunately, always possible to associates many of whom are successful grantees make a personal presentation. In many, actually or administrators of grant programs. It became most, cases the only form of contact the applicant clear from the number of reprint requests for the has with the funding organization is the written Grant Clinic feature that a compendium of some request. And even in those cases where there has examples that had appeared there would make a been extensive discussion, there always comes a time useful reference volume containing exemplary when a request must be presented in writing in some form. applications.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468473193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. An Outline of the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Vascular Responses to Injury -- Platelet Responses to Vessel Wall Injury -- The Coagulation System -- Morphology of the Hemostatic Plug -- The Fibrinolytic System -- References -- 2. Platelet Structure and Function -- Platelet Morphology and Structure -- Megakaryocytes -- The Regulation of Thrombopoiesis -- Platelet Heterogeneity -- Platelet Plasma Membrane -- Platelet Intracellular Membrane -- Platelet Prostaglandins -- Platelet Granules -- Platelet Calcium -- Platelet Cytoskeleton -- Contractile Apparatus of Platelets -- Platelet Activation -- References -- 3. The Coagulation System -- Contact Activation System -- Vitamin K -- Factor IX -- Factor VIII -- Factor X -- Interaction between Factors IXa, Villa and X -- Tissue Factor -- Factor VII -- Factor V -- Prothrombin -- Interaction between Factors Xa, Va and Prothrombin -- Thrombin -- Fibrinogen -- Factor XIII -- Coagulation Inhibitors -- Antithrombin III -- Alpha2-Macroglobulin -- Alphaj-Antitrypsin -- CI Inactivator -- Protein C -- Protein S -- Protein Z -- Lipoprotein Factor Xa Inhibitor -- Inhibition of Thrombin -- Inhibition of Factor Xa -- Inhibition of the Contact Activation System -- Anticoagulant Effect of Fibrinogen Degradation Products -- References -- 4. The Fibrinolytic Enzyme System -- Plasminogen -- Plasmin -- Plasminogen Activators -- Inhibitors of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System -- Plasma Antiplasmins -- Platelet Antiplasmins -- Plasma Antiactivators -- Platelet Antiactivators -- Tissue Inhibitors of Fibrinolysis -- Plasminogen-independent Fibrinolysis -- Mechanism of Physiological Thrombolysis -- References -- 5. Interactions Between the Hemostatic and Complement Systems -- Outline of the Complement System -- Complement and Platelets -- Complement and the Coagulation System -- Complement and the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System -- References -- 6. Hormonal Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Catecholamines -- Corticosteroids -- Thyroxine/Triiodothyronine -- Estrogens and Progestogens -- Androgens -- Pancreatic Hormones -- Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones -- References -- 7. Age, Sex, Circadian and Seasonal Variations in the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Influence of Age on Hemostatic Components -- Fetal Life -- Infancy -- Adult Life -- Influence of Sex on Hemostatic Components -- Circadian Variations in Hemostatic Components -- Seasonal Variations in Hemostatic Components -- References -- 8. Ethnic and Blood Group Variations in the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Ethnic Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Influence of Blood Group on Hemostatic Components -- References -- 9. Environmental Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Effect of Environmental Cold on Hemostasis -- Effect of Environmental Heat on Hemostasis -- Effect of Altitude on Hemostasis -- Effect of Compression-Decompression on Hemostasis -- References -- 10. Nutritional Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Plasma Lipids -- Effect of Lipids on Platelet Function -- Effect of Lipids on Coagulation -- Effect of Lipids on the Fibrinolytic System -- Effect of Carbohydrates on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Pyridoxal 5?-Phosphate and Hemostasis -- Vitamin B12 and Platelets -- Influence of Ascorbic Acid on the Hemostatic -- Mechanism -- Influence of Vitamin E on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Effect of Alcoholic Beverages on the Hemostatic -- Mechanism -- Effect of Onion and Garlic on Hemostatic Function -- Miscellaneous Ingestants and Hemostatic Function -- Influence of Obesity on Hemostatic Components -- Effect of Starvation on Hemostasis -- Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Hemostasis -- References -- 11. The Influence of Physical Activity, Mental Stress and Injury on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Physical Activity -- Mental Stress -- Injury -- References -- 12. The Hemostatic Mechanism in Pregnancy, Labor and the Puerperium -- Platelet Numbers and Function in Pregnancy, Labor and the Puerperium -- The Coagulation System in Pregnancy -- The Coagulation System in Labor and the Puerperium -- The Fibrinolytic Enzyme System in Pregnancy -- The Fibrinolytic Enzyme System in Labor, Parturition and the Puerperium -- Physiological Significance of the Hemostatic Changes in Pregnancy and the Puerperium -- References -- 13. Hemostasis and the Menstrual Cycle -- Hemostatic Components in Different Stages of the Menstrual Cycle -- The Fluidity of Menstrual Discharge -- Uterine Hemostasis at Menstruation -- References.
    Abstract: The current widespread interest in the hemostatic mechanism stems largely from the probability that its inappropriate function may lead to thrombosis, but also for its relevance to the causation and manage­ ment of bleeding disorders. Our understanding of the pathological events leading to thrombus formation or abnormal bleeding depends on knowledge of the basic physiology of the hemostatic system. A number of excellent multiauthor texts are available on the general area of hemostasis and thrombosis, and many symposia proceedings on specific topics in hemostasis have been published. The present volume aims to cover the normal function of hemostasis and ex­ plicitly excludes consideration of disease states and therapy. In addition, it is concerned with human hemostasis only although reference is made to studies on other mammalian species when the information supplements that available on man. The book is divided broadly into two sections. The first covers the current knowledge of the principal components contributing to the hemostatic process; the second examines the changes in these com­ ponents induced by physiological events, and details an accumula­ tion of information not previously brought together in a single text. An introductory chapter, intended for the non-specialist, outlines the whole hemostatic process and provides an orientation for the later detailed information on individual components.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. An Outline of the Hemostatic MechanismVascular Responses to Injury -- Platelet Responses to Vessel Wall Injury -- The Coagulation System -- Morphology of the Hemostatic Plug -- The Fibrinolytic System -- References -- 2. Platelet Structure and Function -- Platelet Morphology and Structure -- Megakaryocytes -- The Regulation of Thrombopoiesis -- Platelet Heterogeneity -- Platelet Plasma Membrane -- Platelet Intracellular Membrane -- Platelet Prostaglandins -- Platelet Granules -- Platelet Calcium -- Platelet Cytoskeleton -- Contractile Apparatus of Platelets -- Platelet Activation -- References -- 3. The Coagulation System -- Contact Activation System -- Vitamin K -- Factor IX -- Factor VIII -- Factor X -- Interaction between Factors IXa, Villa and X -- Tissue Factor -- Factor VII -- Factor V -- Prothrombin -- Interaction between Factors Xa, Va and Prothrombin -- Thrombin -- Fibrinogen -- Factor XIII -- Coagulation Inhibitors -- Antithrombin III -- Alpha2-Macroglobulin -- Alphaj-Antitrypsin -- CI Inactivator -- Protein C -- Protein S -- Protein Z -- Lipoprotein Factor Xa Inhibitor -- Inhibition of Thrombin -- Inhibition of Factor Xa -- Inhibition of the Contact Activation System -- Anticoagulant Effect of Fibrinogen Degradation Products -- References -- 4. The Fibrinolytic Enzyme System -- Plasminogen -- Plasmin -- Plasminogen Activators -- Inhibitors of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System -- Plasma Antiplasmins -- Platelet Antiplasmins -- Plasma Antiactivators -- Platelet Antiactivators -- Tissue Inhibitors of Fibrinolysis -- Plasminogen-independent Fibrinolysis -- Mechanism of Physiological Thrombolysis -- References -- 5. Interactions Between the Hemostatic and Complement Systems -- Outline of the Complement System -- Complement and Platelets -- Complement and the Coagulation System -- Complement and the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System -- References -- 6. Hormonal Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Catecholamines -- Corticosteroids -- Thyroxine/Triiodothyronine -- Estrogens and Progestogens -- Androgens -- Pancreatic Hormones -- Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones -- References -- 7. Age, Sex, Circadian and Seasonal Variations in the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Influence of Age on Hemostatic Components -- Fetal Life -- Infancy -- Adult Life -- Influence of Sex on Hemostatic Components -- Circadian Variations in Hemostatic Components -- Seasonal Variations in Hemostatic Components -- References -- 8. Ethnic and Blood Group Variations in the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Ethnic Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Influence of Blood Group on Hemostatic Components -- References -- 9. Environmental Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Effect of Environmental Cold on Hemostasis -- Effect of Environmental Heat on Hemostasis -- Effect of Altitude on Hemostasis -- Effect of Compression-Decompression on Hemostasis -- References -- 10. Nutritional Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Plasma Lipids -- Effect of Lipids on Platelet Function -- Effect of Lipids on Coagulation -- Effect of Lipids on the Fibrinolytic System -- Effect of Carbohydrates on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Pyridoxal 5?-Phosphate and Hemostasis -- Vitamin B12 and Platelets -- Influence of Ascorbic Acid on the Hemostatic -- Mechanism -- Influence of Vitamin E on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Effect of Alcoholic Beverages on the Hemostatic -- Mechanism -- Effect of Onion and Garlic on Hemostatic Function -- Miscellaneous Ingestants and Hemostatic Function -- Influence of Obesity on Hemostatic Components -- Effect of Starvation on Hemostasis -- Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Hemostasis -- References -- 11. The Influence of Physical Activity, Mental Stress and Injury on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Physical Activity -- Mental Stress -- Injury -- References -- 12. The Hemostatic Mechanism in Pregnancy, Labor and the Puerperium -- Platelet Numbers and Function in Pregnancy, Labor and the Puerperium -- The Coagulation System in Pregnancy -- The Coagulation System in Labor and the Puerperium -- The Fibrinolytic Enzyme System in Pregnancy -- The Fibrinolytic Enzyme System in Labor, Parturition and the Puerperium -- Physiological Significance of the Hemostatic Changes in Pregnancy and the Puerperium -- References -- 13. Hemostasis and the Menstrual Cycle -- Hemostatic Components in Different Stages of the Menstrual Cycle -- The Fluidity of Menstrual Discharge -- Uterine Hemostasis at Menstruation -- References.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468445770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Physics ; Engineering ; Renewable energy sources ; Social sciences ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy.
    Abstract: 1. Problems in Public Understanding -- Reference Notes -- 2. How Dangerous is Radiation? -- Meet the Millirem -- Scientific Basis for Risk Estimates -- The Media and Radiation -- Genetic Effects of Radiation -- Other Health Effects of Radiation -- Public Insanity -- Reference Notes -- 3. The Fearsome Reactor Meltdown Accident -- Was Three Mile Island a Near Miss to Disaster? -- Roads to Meltdown -- How Secure Is the Containment? -- The Probabilities -- The Worst Possible Accident -- Land Contamination -- Why the Public Misunderstanding? -- Non-Safety Issues -- Reference Notes -- 4. Understanding Risk -- A Catalog of Risks -- Risks of Nuclear Energy—In Perspective -- Acceptability of Nuclear Power Risks -- Risks from Air Pollution in Coal Burning -- Risks in Other Energy Technologies -- Spending Money to Reduce Risk -- Reference Notes -- 5. Hazards of High-Level Radioactive Waste: The Great Myth -- A First Perspective -- High-Level Radioactive Waste—Hazards and Protective Barriers -- Quantitative Risk Assessment for High-Level Waste -- Long-Term Waste Problems from Chemical Carcinogens -- Should We Add Up Effects over Millions of Years? -- Why the Public Fear? -- Reference Notes -- 6. More on Radioactive Waste -- Radon Problems -- Routine Emissions of Radioactivity -- Low-Level Waste -- Transuranic Waste -- Summary of Results -- The Real Waste Problem -- West Valley—The Ultimate Waste Problem -- Leaking Waste Storage Tanks -- Waste Transport—When Radioactivity Encounters the Public -- A Radioactive Waste Accident in the Soviet Union -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 7. Plutonium and Bombs -- Fuel of the Future -- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons -- Nonproliferation Politics -- A Tool for Terrorists? -- Plutonium Toxicity -- Reference Notes -- 8. Costs of Nuclear Power: The Achilles’ Heel -- Understanding Power Plant Construction Costs -- Regulatory Ratcheting -- Actual Costs of Nuclear Power Plants—Regulatory Turbulence -- Actual Costs -- The Situation in Other Countries -- The Political Battle Lost -- Cost per Kilowatt-Hour -- Coal versus Nuclear Costs -- Reference Notes -- 9. The Solar Dream -- Cost Problems -- Is It There When We Need It? -- Why Solar Electricity? -- Environmental Problems, the Media, and Politics And More Politics -- Reference Notes -- 10. What the Polls Tell Us -- Rothman-Lichter Polls -- Battelle and Media Institute Studies -- A Poll of Radiation Health Scientists -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 11. Questions from the Audience -- Radioactivity and Radiation -- Trust and Faith -- Reactor Accidents and Safety -- Radioactive Waste -- Miscellaneous Topics -- 12. A Cry for Help.
    Abstract: I was not invited to write a foreword for this book. Dr. Cohen, knowing my busy schedule, would have considered such a request to be an imposition. I volunteered to do so in part to acknowledge my gratitude to him for having been a constant source of reference materials as I have turned my attention increasingly to informing both lay and scientific audiences concerning the biologic effects of low-level ionizing radiation. My primary reason for vol­ unteering, however, is to point to the importance of such a book for public education at a time when the media, in collaboration with a variety of activist groups, have developed among the people an almost phobic fear of radiation at any level. I take issue with the words of another Nobel laureate, George Wald, who states regularly "Every dose is an overdose. '" This philosophy has re­ sulted in women refusing mammography for the detection of breast cancer even though this methodology is the most sensitive for detection of such cancers in the early, curable stage, and even though, at present, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. It has led a Westchester County, New York legislator to state proudly in the New York Times that he v vi I FOREWORD had introduced legislation that would bar all radioactivity from the county's roads.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Problems in Public UnderstandingReference Notes -- 2. How Dangerous is Radiation? -- Meet the Millirem -- Scientific Basis for Risk Estimates -- The Media and Radiation -- Genetic Effects of Radiation -- Other Health Effects of Radiation -- Public Insanity -- Reference Notes -- 3. The Fearsome Reactor Meltdown Accident -- Was Three Mile Island a Near Miss to Disaster? -- Roads to Meltdown -- How Secure Is the Containment? -- The Probabilities -- The Worst Possible Accident -- Land Contamination -- Why the Public Misunderstanding? -- Non-Safety Issues -- Reference Notes -- 4. Understanding Risk -- A Catalog of Risks -- Risks of Nuclear Energy-In Perspective -- Acceptability of Nuclear Power Risks -- Risks from Air Pollution in Coal Burning -- Risks in Other Energy Technologies -- Spending Money to Reduce Risk -- Reference Notes -- 5. Hazards of High-Level Radioactive Waste: The Great Myth -- A First Perspective -- High-Level Radioactive Waste-Hazards and Protective Barriers -- Quantitative Risk Assessment for High-Level Waste -- Long-Term Waste Problems from Chemical Carcinogens -- Should We Add Up Effects over Millions of Years? -- Why the Public Fear? -- Reference Notes -- 6. More on Radioactive Waste -- Radon Problems -- Routine Emissions of Radioactivity -- Low-Level Waste -- Transuranic Waste -- Summary of Results -- The Real Waste Problem -- West Valley-The Ultimate Waste Problem -- Leaking Waste Storage Tanks -- Waste Transport-When Radioactivity Encounters the Public -- A Radioactive Waste Accident in the Soviet Union -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 7. Plutonium and Bombs -- Fuel of the Future -- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons -- Nonproliferation Politics -- A Tool for Terrorists? -- Plutonium Toxicity -- Reference Notes -- 8. Costs of Nuclear Power: The Achilles’ Heel -- Understanding Power Plant Construction Costs -- Regulatory Ratcheting -- Actual Costs of Nuclear Power Plants-Regulatory Turbulence -- Actual Costs -- The Situation in Other Countries -- The Political Battle Lost -- Cost per Kilowatt-Hour -- Coal versus Nuclear Costs -- Reference Notes -- 9. The Solar Dream -- Cost Problems -- Is It There When We Need It? -- Why Solar Electricity? -- Environmental Problems, the Media, and Politics And More Politics -- Reference Notes -- 10. What the Polls Tell Us -- Rothman-Lichter Polls -- Battelle and Media Institute Studies -- A Poll of Radiation Health Scientists -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 11. Questions from the Audience -- Radioactivity and Radiation -- Trust and Faith -- Reactor Accidents and Safety -- Radioactive Waste -- Miscellaneous Topics -- 12. A Cry for Help.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9781468444360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Alcohol Use and Abuse: Historical Perspective and Present Trends -- 1. Alcohol Use in Historical Perspective -- 2. Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Problems -- 3. Development of the Concept(s) of Alcoholism -- 4. References -- 2 The Genetics of Alcoholism -- 1. Types of Studies Supporting a Genetic Influence in Alcoholism -- 2. Possible Biological Mechanisms for a Genetic Influence in Alcoholism -- 3. A Prospective Search for the Biological Determinants of Alcoholism -- 4. Summary -- 5. References -- 3 The Absorption, Distribution, and Metabolism of Ethanol and Its Effects on Nutrition and Hepatic Function -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Absorption and Distribution -- 3. Pharmacokinetics and Alcohol Elimination Rates -- 4. Processes and Organs Responsible for Ethanol Elimination -- 5. Significant Pathways of Ethanol Metabolism -- 6. Enzymes That Oxidize Ethanol to Acetaldehyde -- 7. Enzymes That Oxidize Acetaldehyde to Acetate -- 8. Control of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Metabolism in Liver -- 9. Effect of Chronic Ethanol Ingestion on Alcohol Elimination Rate -- 10. Chronic Ethanol Ingestion and Nutrition -- 11. Ethanol Oxidation and Hepatic Metabolism -- 12. References -- 4 Effects of Ethanol upon Organ Systems Other than the Central Nervous System -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ethanol and the Gastrointestinal Tract -- 3. Muscle Systems -- 4. The Hematologic System -- 5. Kidney Disease and Alcoholism -- 6. Pulmonary Disease and Alcoholism -- 7. The Endocrine System and Alcoholism -- 8. Effects of Ethanol on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis -- 9. Effects of Alcohol on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroidal Axis -- 10. The Effects of Alcohol on Growth Hormone and Prolactin -- 11. Effects of Alcohol on Vasopressin and Oxytocin -- 12. Biological Markers of Alcoholism -- 13. References -- 5 Ethanol and the Central Nervous System -- 1. Ethanol and Behavior -- 2. Ethanol and Membrane Structure and Function -- 3. Ethanol and Electrical Cellular Activity -- 4. Ethanol and Synaptic Transmission -- 5. Ethanol and Metabolism -- 6. Consequences of Long-term Ethanol Consumption -- 7. Summary -- 8. References -- 6 Neurologic Diseases Associated with Chronic Alcohol Abuse -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physical Dependence -- 3. Chronic Diseases of the Central Nervous System -- 4. Peripheral Polyneuropathy -- 5. Nutritional Deficiencies -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. References -- 7 Biology of Tolerance and Dependence -- 1. Introduction to Tolerance and Dependence -- 2. Factors Contributing to Tolerance and Dependence -- 3. Classifications and Definitions of Tolerance -- 4. Biochemical Determinants of Ethanol Tolerance -- 5. Characteristics of Physical Dependence on Ethanol -- 6. Etiological Factors Contributing to the Development of Physical Dependence -- 7. Neurochemical Systems Determining Physical Dependence -- 8. Pharmacologic Management of the Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome -- 9. References -- 8 Alcohol Consumption and Prenatal Development -- 1. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects -- 2. Alcohol as a Teratogen in Animals, 1973–1979 -- 3. Critical Discussion and General Conclusions -- 4. References -- 9 Interaction of Ethanol with Other Drugs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Centrally Acting Compounds -- 3. References -- 10 Psychological Correlates and Explantions of Alcohol Use and Abuse -- 1. Psychodynamic Models -- 2. The Disease Model -- 3. Behavioral and Social-Learning Approach -- 4. Future Directions -- 5. References -- 11 Alcoholism Treatment Approaches: Patient Variables, Treatment Variables -- 1. Critical View of Treatment Outcome Evaluation -- 2. Treatment Variables -- 3. Patient Variables -- 4. Implications -- 5. References -- 12 Prevention of Alcohol Abuse -- 1. Approaches to Prevention -- 2. Alcohol Education -- 3. Mass Media -- 4. Alcohol Control Legislation -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. References.
    Abstract: Alcohol use affects, either directly or indirectly, nearly all facets of Western civi­ lization. Eastern cultures are also not exempt from the influence of alcohol, and the present decade has been a time of increased alcohol use in all parts of the world. The problems of alcohol abuse and alcoholism are of concern to a variety of professionals in the biomedical and psychosocial health sciences, and-although the alcohol research literature contains much information on the relationships between alcohol ingestion and physiological, neurochemical, pharmacologic, genetic, environmental, and psychological effects in humans and in subhuman spe­ cies-there is at the present time no advanced textbook that integrates the avail­ able information for use by both students and professionals. The writing of Medical and Social Aspects of Alcohol Abuse constitutes an attempt to create a scholarly reference and resource for students, researchers, prac­ ticing clinicians, and paraprofessionals who wish to understand the complex inter­ play of factors related to acute and chronic alcohol intoxication, the effects of alco­ hol on body functions, and treatment approaches to alcohol abusers and alcoholics.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Alcohol Use and Abuse: Historical Perspective and Present Trends1. Alcohol Use in Historical Perspective -- 2. Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Problems -- 3. Development of the Concept(s) of Alcoholism -- 4. References -- 2 The Genetics of Alcoholism -- 1. Types of Studies Supporting a Genetic Influence in Alcoholism -- 2. Possible Biological Mechanisms for a Genetic Influence in Alcoholism -- 3. A Prospective Search for the Biological Determinants of Alcoholism -- 4. Summary -- 5. References -- 3 The Absorption, Distribution, and Metabolism of Ethanol and Its Effects on Nutrition and Hepatic Function -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Absorption and Distribution -- 3. Pharmacokinetics and Alcohol Elimination Rates -- 4. Processes and Organs Responsible for Ethanol Elimination -- 5. Significant Pathways of Ethanol Metabolism -- 6. Enzymes That Oxidize Ethanol to Acetaldehyde -- 7. Enzymes That Oxidize Acetaldehyde to Acetate -- 8. Control of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Metabolism in Liver -- 9. Effect of Chronic Ethanol Ingestion on Alcohol Elimination Rate -- 10. Chronic Ethanol Ingestion and Nutrition -- 11. Ethanol Oxidation and Hepatic Metabolism -- 12. References -- 4 Effects of Ethanol upon Organ Systems Other than the Central Nervous System -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ethanol and the Gastrointestinal Tract -- 3. Muscle Systems -- 4. The Hematologic System -- 5. Kidney Disease and Alcoholism -- 6. Pulmonary Disease and Alcoholism -- 7. The Endocrine System and Alcoholism -- 8. Effects of Ethanol on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis -- 9. Effects of Alcohol on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroidal Axis -- 10. The Effects of Alcohol on Growth Hormone and Prolactin -- 11. Effects of Alcohol on Vasopressin and Oxytocin -- 12. Biological Markers of Alcoholism -- 13. References -- 5 Ethanol and the Central Nervous System -- 1. Ethanol and Behavior -- 2. Ethanol and Membrane Structure and Function -- 3. Ethanol and Electrical Cellular Activity -- 4. Ethanol and Synaptic Transmission -- 5. Ethanol and Metabolism -- 6. Consequences of Long-term Ethanol Consumption -- 7. Summary -- 8. References -- 6 Neurologic Diseases Associated with Chronic Alcohol Abuse -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physical Dependence -- 3. Chronic Diseases of the Central Nervous System -- 4. Peripheral Polyneuropathy -- 5. Nutritional Deficiencies -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. References -- 7 Biology of Tolerance and Dependence -- 1. Introduction to Tolerance and Dependence -- 2. Factors Contributing to Tolerance and Dependence -- 3. Classifications and Definitions of Tolerance -- 4. Biochemical Determinants of Ethanol Tolerance -- 5. Characteristics of Physical Dependence on Ethanol -- 6. Etiological Factors Contributing to the Development of Physical Dependence -- 7. Neurochemical Systems Determining Physical Dependence -- 8. Pharmacologic Management of the Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome -- 9. References -- 8 Alcohol Consumption and Prenatal Development -- 1. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects -- 2. Alcohol as a Teratogen in Animals, 1973-1979 -- 3. Critical Discussion and General Conclusions -- 4. References -- 9 Interaction of Ethanol with Other Drugs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Centrally Acting Compounds -- 3. References -- 10 Psychological Correlates and Explantions of Alcohol Use and Abuse -- 1. Psychodynamic Models -- 2. The Disease Model -- 3. Behavioral and Social-Learning Approach -- 4. Future Directions -- 5. References -- 11 Alcoholism Treatment Approaches: Patient Variables, Treatment Variables -- 1. Critical View of Treatment Outcome Evaluation -- 2. Treatment Variables -- 3. Patient Variables -- 4. Implications -- 5. References -- 12 Prevention of Alcohol Abuse -- 1. Approaches to Prevention -- 2. Alcohol Education -- 3. Mass Media -- 4. Alcohol Control Legislation -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. References.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468466911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Tissue Culture of Coniferous Trees -- 3. Tissue Culture of Hardwoods -- 4. Tissue Culture Propagation of Coconut, Date and Oil Palm -- 5. Culture of Ornamental Trees -- 6. Tissue Culture Propagation of Temperate Fruit Trees -- 7. Tissue Culture of Citrus -- 8. The Influence of Physical Factors on Xylem Differentiation In Vitro -- 9. The Use of Protoplast Technology in Tissue Culture of Trees -- 10. Tissue Culture Conservation of Woody Species -- 11. Conclusions -- Author Index.
    Abstract: 1 John H. Dodds The culture offragmen ts of plant tissue is not a particularly new science, in fact as long ago as 1893 Rechinger (1893) described the formation of callus on isolated fragments of stems and roots. The culture of plant tissues in vitro on a nutrient medium was performed by Haberlandt (1902), however, his attempts were unsuccessful because he chose too simple a medium that lacked critical growth factors. Over the last fifty years there has been a surge of development in plant tissue culture techniques and a host of techniques are now avail­ able (Dodds and Roberts, 1982). The major areas are as follows. Callus Culture Callus is a rather ill-dermed material. but is usually described as an un­ organised proliferating mass of tissue. Although callus cultures have a great deal of potential in the biotechnological aspects of tissue culture, i.e. secondary product formation, they are not very suitable for plant propagation. The key reason for their unsuitability is that genetic aber­ rations occur during mitotic divisions in callus growth (D'amato.l965). The aberrations can be of a major type, such as aneuploidy or endo­ reduplication. It follows therefore that the genetic status of the re­ generated plants is different from that of the parent type. In general terms this genetic instability is undesirable, but there are occasions when a callus stage can be purposely included to diversify the genetic base of the crop.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. Tissue Culture of Coniferous Trees -- 3. Tissue Culture of Hardwoods -- 4. Tissue Culture Propagation of Coconut, Date and Oil Palm -- 5. Culture of Ornamental Trees -- 6. Tissue Culture Propagation of Temperate Fruit Trees -- 7. Tissue Culture of Citrus -- 8. The Influence of Physical Factors on Xylem Differentiation In Vitro -- 9. The Use of Protoplast Technology in Tissue Culture of Trees -- 10. Tissue Culture Conservation of Woody Species -- 11. Conclusions -- Author Index.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468414875
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors -- 2. Central Chemoreceptors -- 3. Lung and Airway Receptors -- 4. Respiratory Reflexes -- 5. Tissue Oxygen Transport in Health and Disease -- 6. Studies of Respiratory Control in Man -- 7. Respiratory Oscillations in Health and Disease -- 8. Control of Respiration in the Fetus and Newborn -- 9. Initiation and Control of Ventilatory Adaptation to Chronic Hypoxia of High Altitude.
    Abstract: The scientific literature has expanded dramatically in recent years, making entry into the structure of any given area extremely difficult; concurrent with this explosion more people are required to become acquainted with information outside their main line of expertise. For this reason there is a need for review articles which give an overall review of circumscribed areas. This volume reviews the subject of respiratory control mechanisms; the authors of each chapter are active research workers engaged in the area covered by their chapter. The first four chapters are concerned with the basic physiological mechanisms which sense changes in the respiratory system, in the standard physiology textbook parlance chemical and neural sensory receptors. The peripheral arterial chemoreceptors sense changes in arterial oxygen tension, carbon dioxide and pH. The first chapter describes the basic responses in the organ produced by changes in blood chemistry. Later chapters discuss changes in activity produced by exercise, chronic hypoxia and the possible role of the chemoreceptors in initiation of respiration in the new-born. In Chapter 1, a section considers the action of drugs on the peripheral chemoreceptors, and finally there is a discussion of the possible mechanisms whereby the organs sense changes in blood chemistry. This pattern is followed in subsequent chapters wherever possible; first a discussion of the basic physiological properties, followed by any clinical application and dis­ cussion of the mechanism whereby the receptor might operate. The remaining chapters are of a more applied nature.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors2. Central Chemoreceptors -- 3. Lung and Airway Receptors -- 4. Respiratory Reflexes -- 5. Tissue Oxygen Transport in Health and Disease -- 6. Studies of Respiratory Control in Man -- 7. Respiratory Oscillations in Health and Disease -- 8. Control of Respiration in the Fetus and Newborn -- 9. Initiation and Control of Ventilatory Adaptation to Chronic Hypoxia of High Altitude.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489915252
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 581 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Anthropological linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Sociolinguistics
    Abstract: I. Homo Loquens, Homo Faber, Animal Economicum: An Anthropologist’s Conception of the Dawn of Human Conduct -- 1. Toolmaking, Hunting, and the Origin of Language -- II. The Reconstitution of Humanity: Genesis of Language, Self, and Consciousness -- 2. The Role of Semiosis in L. S. Vygotsky’s Theory of Human Cognition -- 3. Peekaboo as an Instructional Model: Discourse Development at Home and at School -- 4. The Implications of Luria’s Theories for Cross-cultural Research on Language and Intelligence -- 5. An Interactionist Model of Language Development -- 6. Language and Alienation -- 7. Ontogenesis, Use, and Representation of Cultural Categories: A Psychological Perspective -- 8. A. Self-concept and Sexism in Language -- B. Sexism and Self-concept in the Language of Children: A Middle Childhood Survey -- 9. Aging, Work, and Youth: New Words for a New Age of Old Age -- 10. Beyond Societal Language: The Development of the Deaf Person -- 11. Some Sociogenetic Determinants in Human Development Revealed by the Study of Severely Deprived Children -- III. The Social Production of Language: The State of the Art -- 12. Report from an Underdeveloped Country: Toward Linguistic Competence in the United States -- 13. Descriptive and Explanatory Power of Rules in Sociolinguistics -- 14. Theoretical Prerequisites for a Contemporary Applied Linguistics -- 15. Second Language Learning: An Integrated Psycholinguistic Model -- 16. Using Language: A Sociofunctional Approach -- 17. New Horizons in the Study of Speech and Social Situations -- 18. Language as the Instrument of School Socialization: An Examination of Bernstein’s Thesis -- 19. The Rise of the Vernaculars in Early Modern Europe: An Essay in the Political Economy of Language -- 20. The Impact of Informatics on Social Sign Systems -- 21. The Semiotic Processes of the Formation and Expression of Ideas -- 22. Psychoanalytic Anthropology and the Meaning of Meaning -- 23. Dialectics, Ethnography, and Educational Research -- 24. The Quantification of Knowledge in Education: On Resistance toward Qualitative Evaluation and Research -- 25. The Sociogenesis of Social Sciences: An Analysis of the Cultural Relativity of Social Psychology -- IV. The Paideia of Language: Historical, Educational, and Ethnic Praxis -- 26. Vernacular Values and Education -- 27. Language, Education, and Reproduction in Wales -- 28. Minority Languages in the Netherlands: Relations between Sociopolitical Conflicts and Bilingual Education -- 29. The Linguagenesis of Society: The Implementation of the National Language Plan in West Malaysia -- 30. Cultural Reproduction in the Bilingual Classroom -- 31. The Production of Ethnic Discourse: American and Puerto Rican Patterns -- Epilogue Guilem Rodrigues da Silva.
    Abstract: Michael Cole To the unwary reader, even the table of contents of this book will appear incon­ gruous. What notion, let alone set of principles, could bring coherence to the follow­ ing concepts: playing peekaboo with small children, aging, human alienation, con­ versations with Uzbeki peasants, toolmaking, sexism, the world of the deaf, the ecology of hunting groups? After sfhe has had a chance to scan the entire set, the reader can see that this book seems to center on language. But it clearly is not a book about linguistics. It is about a notion that combines two other notions that we usually find located in very different kinds of books, language and human nature. There is no widely accepted term for this combined notion. It does not fit into those ways of thinking of the world that have gotten us where we are. Walker Percy, philosopher­ novelist, succinctly nails the source of our problem: The importance of a study of language, as opposed to a scientific study of a space-time event like a solar eclipse or rat behavior is that as soon as one scratches the surface of the familiar and comes face to face with the nature of language, one also finds himself face to face with the nature of man. (1975, p. 10) Once we reinvent this insight, its implications begin to work into our lives; our central problem becomes to figure out how to deal with the dilemmas it implies.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468441390
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Physics and Technology -- Silicon Technology and Its Applications in Microelectronics -- Lectures on Localization -- Electron Microscope Studies of Irradiation Damage in Metals and Alloys -- An Overview of the Physics of Nuclear Fusion: Its Present Status and Future Prospects -- Recent Advances and Future Prospects in Low Temperature Physics -- II: Physics and the Frontiers of Knowledge -- The Shape of the Carbon Nucleus -- Gauge Theory and the Attempt at Grand Unification -- The First Year Mark of J: Physics with High Energy Electron-Positron Colliding Beams -- QCD in e+e? Annihilation: Theory and Practice -- Quantum Chromodynamics -- Towards a Grand Unified Theory of Four Generation -- A Revival of the De Sitter Universe -- Some Recent Developments in Astrophysics -- The Distribution and the Projected Density of Stars Around a Black Hole in the Centre of a Globular Cluster -- A Model for SS433 Involving Radiatively Driven Clouds -- Appendix I: List of Seminars -- Appendix II: List of Participants.
    Abstract: These proceedings cover the lectures delivered at the Fifth International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs from June 16-July 4, 1980 at Nathiagali, one of the scenic hill resorts in the northern part of Pakistan. The college was organized by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and co-sponsored by the International Centre for Theroetical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy. It also received a financial grant from the University Grants Commission (UGC) for the participation of physicists from various universities in Pakistan. The college was attended by 22 lecturers and invited seminar speakers, 150 participants from 30 countries, and consisted of 15 concentrated days of lectures, seminars and informal discussions. These proceedings contain only some of the regular lectures delivered at Nathiagali, but the seminars heldthere are listed in the Appendix. This year the main emphasis of the college was on the fron­ tiers of physics, particularly on the recent exciting development in high-energy physics and astrophysics. However, the lectures delivered at the college also covered a large sample of other aspects of physics ranging from low"-temperature physics to plasma physics of of fusion. The series of colleges of which the present college is the fifth, an attempt to remove the barrier of isolation for the physicists working in developing countries, far removed from active centres of research. It is hoped that these colleges are helping to fill the gap in communication between the physicists of developing and advanced countries.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Physics and TechnologySilicon Technology and Its Applications in Microelectronics -- Lectures on Localization -- Electron Microscope Studies of Irradiation Damage in Metals and Alloys -- An Overview of the Physics of Nuclear Fusion: Its Present Status and Future Prospects -- Recent Advances and Future Prospects in Low Temperature Physics -- II: Physics and the Frontiers of Knowledge -- The Shape of the Carbon Nucleus -- Gauge Theory and the Attempt at Grand Unification -- The First Year Mark of J: Physics with High Energy Electron-Positron Colliding Beams -- QCD in e+e? Annihilation: Theory and Practice -- Quantum Chromodynamics -- Towards a Grand Unified Theory of Four Generation -- A Revival of the De Sitter Universe -- Some Recent Developments in Astrophysics -- The Distribution and the Projected Density of Stars Around a Black Hole in the Centre of a Globular Cluster -- A Model for SS433 Involving Radiatively Driven Clouds -- Appendix I: List of Seminars -- Appendix II: List of Participants.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468468700
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: History of Fish Farming -- Today’s Technology -- Goals and Organization -- Reference -- 1 United States of America -- Cold Freshwater Cultured Fish -- Warmwater Cultured Fish -- Marine Culture -- Restocking -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Canada -- Imports -- Marketing -- Nutrition -- Water Supplies and Use -- Research and Education -- Summary -- Reference -- 3 Norway -- Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Special Acknowledgments -- 4 Sweden -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)b01 -- Special Acknowledgment -- 5 Denmark -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Netherlands (Holland) -- Text -- Special Acknowledgments -- 7 Belgium and Luxembourg -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)b01 -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Tench (Tinca tinca) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus) -- Pike (Esox lucius) and Pike-Perch (Lucioperca lucioperca) -- European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) -- Recreation Fishing -- Total Supply -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio)b01 -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Tench (Tinca tinca) -- Common or Northern Pike (Esox lucius) -- Recreation Fishing -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Switzerland -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Other Cultured Fish -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Austria -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Other Cultured Fish -- Sports Fishing -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 11 Italy -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Black Bullhead (Ictalurus melas) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Brackish Water Culture -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 France -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) -- Crayfish (Astacus leptoctylus) -- Hydrologic Information -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Spain -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Other Freshwater Fish -- Marine Culture -- European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 14 Portugal -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Marine Culture -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 15 United Kingdom -- Rainbow Trout -- Salmon -- Dover Sole and Turbot -- Eels -- Crayfish -- Carp -- Other Species -- Outlook and Conclusions -- Some Government Research Laboratories -- References -- 16 Ireland -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 17 Poland -- Pond Fish Farming -- Lake Fish Farming -- Fishery Management of Rivers and Dam Reservoirs -- Other Forms of Fish Culture -- Some Remarks on the Economics of Fish Farming in Poland -- Outlook -- References -- 18 Czechoslovakia -- River Management -- Marketing, Home Consumption, and Exports of Fish -- Research and Technical Innovation -- Economic Aspects of Fish Culture -- Price of Fish -- Outlook -- References -- 19 European USSR -- Text -- 20 Hungary -- Pond Farming -- Trout Farming -- Fish Production in Water Reservoirs -- Utilization of Backwater Areas -- Fish Production in Cages -- Operational Economics -- Marketing -- References -- 21 Asian USSR -- Salmon -- References -- 22 Republic of Korea -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonicus) -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Others -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 23 Japan -- Freshwater Cultured Fish -- Marine Cultured Fish and Shrimp -- Restocking -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 24 People’s Republic of China -- The Area -- Freshwater Aquaculture -- Marine Aquaculture -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 25 Taiwan -- Milkfiish (Chanos chanos) -- Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) -- Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonicus) -- Gray Mullet (Mugil cephalus) -- Shrimp -- Carp -- Outlook -- Reference -- 26 Israel -- History -- Ponds -- Production Methods -- Propagation -- Feeding -- Fertilizing and Manuring -- Fish Stocked in Production Ponds -- Genetic Improvement -- Marketing -- Diseases and Parasites -- Equipment -- Extension Service -- Research -- Future Trends -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 27 Thailand -- History of Aquaculture -- Aquaculture Practices and Techniques -- Marketing System -- References -- 28 Philippines -- Milkfish (Chanos chanos) -- Tilapia (Sarotherodon and Tilapia sp.) -- Shrimp -- Other Cultured Species -- Potentials and Prospects -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 29 Indonesia -- Freshwater Aquaculture -- Brackish Water Aquaculture -- Marine Aquaculture -- References -- 30 Papua New Guinea -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Special Acknowledgments -- 31 Australia -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Native Fish -- Crayfish -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- Outlook -- Text -- References.
    Abstract: Until the First Edition of World Fish Farming: Cultivation and Econom­ ics was published several years ago, there was little or no economic and technical information on commercial aquaculture either by countries or by species. I tried at that time to partially fill the gap in the literature. In this Second Edition, I have updated data originally presented and increased the scope by adding new countries. New trout data have been added for 10 western European countries; sections on cost of production of food-sized catfish and fingerlings in the USA; new and improved chapters for Japan, Hungary, Indonesia, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom; and com­ pletely new chapters pertaining to Poland, Thailand, and Czechoslovakia have all been added to this edition. The book now includes 31 countries, including all major producing ones. Between 5. 5 and 6. 0 million metric tons of finfish, shrimp, and crayfish cultured production are represented, which accounts for about 909c of the world's total. The People's Republic of China and the USSR, as well as countries on the continents of Europe, Asia, North America, and Oceania, are represented. Because of only minimal reported cultured fish production in Africa and South America, these continents have been omitted. Also, according to information received from New Zealand, there is no culturing offish in that country other than for restocking of public waters. More than 100 species of cultured fish, seven species of shrimp and prawns, and six species of crayfish are discussed.
    Description / Table of Contents: History of Fish FarmingToday’s Technology -- Goals and Organization -- Reference -- 1 United States of America -- Cold Freshwater Cultured Fish -- Warmwater Cultured Fish -- Marine Culture -- Restocking -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Canada -- Imports -- Marketing -- Nutrition -- Water Supplies and Use -- Research and Education -- Summary -- Reference -- 3 Norway -- Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Special Acknowledgments -- 4 Sweden -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)b01 -- Special Acknowledgment -- 5 Denmark -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Netherlands (Holland) -- Text -- Special Acknowledgments -- 7 Belgium and Luxembourg -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)b01 -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Tench (Tinca tinca) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus) -- Pike (Esox lucius) and Pike-Perch (Lucioperca lucioperca) -- European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) -- Recreation Fishing -- Total Supply -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio)b01 -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Tench (Tinca tinca) -- Common or Northern Pike (Esox lucius) -- Recreation Fishing -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Switzerland -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Other Cultured Fish -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Austria -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Other Cultured Fish -- Sports Fishing -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 11 Italy -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Black Bullhead (Ictalurus melas) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Brackish Water Culture -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 France -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) -- Crayfish (Astacus leptoctylus) -- Hydrologic Information -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Spain -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Other Freshwater Fish -- Marine Culture -- European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 14 Portugal -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Marine Culture -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 15 United Kingdom -- Rainbow Trout -- Salmon -- Dover Sole and Turbot -- Eels -- Crayfish -- Carp -- Other Species -- Outlook and Conclusions -- Some Government Research Laboratories -- References -- 16 Ireland -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 17 Poland -- Pond Fish Farming -- Lake Fish Farming -- Fishery Management of Rivers and Dam Reservoirs -- Other Forms of Fish Culture -- Some Remarks on the Economics of Fish Farming in Poland -- Outlook -- References -- 18 Czechoslovakia -- River Management -- Marketing, Home Consumption, and Exports of Fish -- Research and Technical Innovation -- Economic Aspects of Fish Culture -- Price of Fish -- Outlook -- References -- 19 European USSR -- Text -- 20 Hungary -- Pond Farming -- Trout Farming -- Fish Production in Water Reservoirs -- Utilization of Backwater Areas -- Fish Production in Cages -- Operational Economics -- Marketing -- References -- 21 Asian USSR -- Salmon -- References -- 22 Republic of Korea -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonicus) -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Others -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 23 Japan -- Freshwater Cultured Fish -- Marine Cultured Fish and Shrimp -- Restocking -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 24 People’s Republic of China -- The Area -- Freshwater Aquaculture -- Marine Aquaculture -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 25 Taiwan -- Milkfiish (Chanos chanos) -- Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) -- Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonicus) -- Gray Mullet (Mugil cephalus) -- Shrimp -- Carp -- Outlook -- Reference -- 26 Israel -- History -- Ponds -- Production Methods -- Propagation -- Feeding -- Fertilizing and Manuring -- Fish Stocked in Production Ponds -- Genetic Improvement -- Marketing -- Diseases and Parasites -- Equipment -- Extension Service -- Research -- Future Trends -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 27 Thailand -- History of Aquaculture -- Aquaculture Practices and Techniques -- Marketing System -- References -- 28 Philippines -- Milkfish (Chanos chanos) -- Tilapia (Sarotherodon and Tilapia sp.) -- Shrimp -- Other Cultured Species -- Potentials and Prospects -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 29 Indonesia -- Freshwater Aquaculture -- Brackish Water Aquaculture -- Marine Aquaculture -- References -- 30 Papua New Guinea -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Special Acknowledgments -- 31 Australia -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Native Fish -- Crayfish -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- Outlook -- Text -- References.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475701937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Lasers and Laser Radiation1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Laser Sources -- 1.3. Laser Radiation -- 1.4. Lens Aberrations -- 1.5. Window Materials -- 1.6. Mirrors and Polarizers -- 1.7. Q-Switching -- 1.8. Frequency Conversion -- 1.9. Mode Locking -- 1.10. Detectors and Power Meters -- 2. Materials Processing -- 2.1. Absorption of Laser Radiation by Metals -- 2.2. Absorption of Laser Radiation by Semiconductors and Insulators -- 2.3. Thermal Constants -- 2.4. Laser Drilling: Heat Transfer -- 2.5. Welding -- 2.6. Cutting -- 2.7. Micromachining -- 2.8. Surface Hardening -- 2.9. Surface Melting, Alloying, and Cladding -- 2.10. Surface Cleaning -- 2.11. Crystal Growth -- 2.12. Optical Fiber Splicing -- 2.13. Laser Deposition of Thin Films -- 3 Laser Processing of Semiconductors -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Annealing -- 3.3. Annealing-CW Lasers -- 3.4. Recrystallization -- 3.5. Silicide Formation -- 3.6. Ohmic Contacts and Junction Formation -- 3.7. Device Fabrication -- 3.8. Electrical Connections on Integrated Circuits -- 3.9. Monolithic Displays -- 4 Chemical Processing -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Schemes for Laser Isotope Separation -- 4.3. The Enrichment Factor -- 4.4. Laser-Induced Reaction -- 4.5. Single-Photon Predissociation -- 4.6. Two-Photon Dissociation -- 4.7. Photoisomerization -- 4.8. Two-Step Photoionization -- 4.9. Photodeflection -- 4.10. Multiphoton Dissociation -- 4.11. Selective Raman Excitation -- 4.12. Economics of Laser Isotope Separation -- 4.13. Laser-Induced Reactions -- 4.14. Isomerization -- 4.15. Lasers in Catalysis -- 4.16. Laser-Induced Reactions: UV-VIS Excitation -- 4.17. Processing via Thermal Heating -- 4.18. Polymerization -- 5 Lasers in Chemical Analysis -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Absorption Spectroscopy -- 5.3. Laser-Induced Fluorescence -- 5.4. Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectroscopy -- 5.5. Multiphoton Ionization -- 5.6. Raman Spectroscopy -- 5.7. Laser Magnetic Resonance -- 5.8. Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy -- 5.9. Laser Microprobe -- 5.10. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry -- 5.11. Laser Microprobe Mass Spectrometer -- 5.12. Laser Raman Microprobe -- 5.13. Lasers in Chromatography -- 6 Lasers in Environmental Analysis -- 6.1. Propagation of Laser Radiation through the Atmosphere -- 6.2. Laser Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere -- 6.3. Laser Sampling of Aerosols -- 6.4. Laser Remote Sensing of Water Quality -- References -- Materials Index.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9781461335184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: of Volume 7 -- 1 Genetic Factors in Alcohol Abuse: Animal Models -- Animal Models in Alcohol Research -- A Quantitative Genetic Model -- Genetically Defined Populations in Alcohol Research -- Selective Breeding -- Summary -- References -- 2 Genetic Factors in Alcoholism -- Common Methodological Problems in Research on Genetic -- References -- 3 Acute Pharmacological Actions of Ethanol on the Central Nervous System -- Membranes -- Effects of Ethanol on Brain Calcium -- Membrane-dependent Neurotransmitter Activity -- Summary -- References -- 4 Ethanol and Brain Mechanisms of Reward -- Substrates of Brain Stimulation Reward -- Substrates of Drug Reward -- Interactions of Drugs of Abuse with Brain-Stimulation Reward -- Speculations -- References -- 5 Ethanol as a Reinforcer: Comparison with Other Drugs -- Intravenous Drugs as Reinforcers -- Intragastric Drug Self-administration -- Ethanol and Other Drugs as Reinforcers by the Oral Route -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 6 A Behavioral Analysis of the Reinforcing Properties of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Man -- Behavioral Effects of Alcohol and Drugs -- Control of Behavior by Aversive Consequences -- Substance Abuse: Similarities and Differences -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Neurochemical Aspects of Tolerance to and Physical Dependence on Alcohol -- Definitions of Functional Tolerance and Dependence -- Factors Modulating Ethanol Tolerance Development -- Effects of Ethanol Administration on Neurotransmitters -- Neurotransmitter Receptors -- Role of Neuronal Membranes in Development of Tolerance and Dependence -- Role of Condensation Products in Ethanol Tolerance and Dependence -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Metabolic Mechanisms in Tolerance and Physical Dependence on Alcohol -- Metabolic Tolerance -- Metabolism Mechanisms in Physical Dependence -- References -- 9 Endocrine Mechanisms in Tolerance to and Dependence on Alcohol -- Alcohol-Endocrine Interactions -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Relationship of Tolerance and Physical Dependence to Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Problems -- A Consideration of the Regulation of Alcohol Consumption -- Tolerance -- Physical Dependence -- Implications for Prevention and Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Brain Dysfunction and Alcohol -- Structural Brain Damage -- Evoked Potentials -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 12 Cognitive Deficits in Alcoholics -- Short-term Effects of Alcohol Ingestion -- Long-term Effects of Alcohol Ingestion -- Theoretical Considerations -- References -- 13 Prenatal Effects of Alcohol Abuse in Humans and Laboratory Animals -- Historical Introduction to Alcohol Abuse in Pregnancy -- Intrauterine Effects of Maternal Alcohol Abuse in Humans -- Animal Models of Maternal Alcohol Use and Abuse -- The Importance of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome to Problems of Female Alcohol Abuse -- Conclusions -- References -- 14 Amethystic Agents in the Treatment of Alcohol Intoxication -- Available Antagonists of Centrally Active Drugs -- Putative Alcohol Antagonists -- Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Study -- References.
    Abstract: The previous volume, The Pathogenesis of Alcoholism: Psychosocial Factors, attempted to describe the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors that lead to the initiation and perpetuation of alcoholism. The preface to that volume presented our particular view of the bio-. psycho-social interaction as a progressive process in which earlier developments produce new pathogenetic mechanisms, which in turn lead to still other cyclical feedback activities. Although influences from each of the three phenomenologic levels are at work during each stage of the clinical course, it would appear that social factors are most significant in the early phase, psychological factors at the intermediate level, and biological ones toward the end. These differences are only relative, however, for influences of all three types surely are operative during all stages of the syndrome. This appears to be particularly true for the biological parameters of activity. Don Goodwin (1976), who has supplied much of the data that support the role of hereditary factors in alcoholism, is wont to say that all living behavior is biological-by definition. The operational evidence for this is perhaps more evident in alcoholism than in other syndromes. For example, the general social indifference of many Asians to alcohol may reflect the presence of an atypical isoenzyme of alcohol dehydrogenase rather than some independently derived cultural norm.
    Description / Table of Contents: of Volume 71 Genetic Factors in Alcohol Abuse: Animal Models -- Animal Models in Alcohol Research -- A Quantitative Genetic Model -- Genetically Defined Populations in Alcohol Research -- Selective Breeding -- Summary -- References -- 2 Genetic Factors in Alcoholism -- Common Methodological Problems in Research on Genetic -- References -- 3 Acute Pharmacological Actions of Ethanol on the Central Nervous System -- Membranes -- Effects of Ethanol on Brain Calcium -- Membrane-dependent Neurotransmitter Activity -- Summary -- References -- 4 Ethanol and Brain Mechanisms of Reward -- Substrates of Brain Stimulation Reward -- Substrates of Drug Reward -- Interactions of Drugs of Abuse with Brain-Stimulation Reward -- Speculations -- References -- 5 Ethanol as a Reinforcer: Comparison with Other Drugs -- Intravenous Drugs as Reinforcers -- Intragastric Drug Self-administration -- Ethanol and Other Drugs as Reinforcers by the Oral Route -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 6 A Behavioral Analysis of the Reinforcing Properties of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Man -- Behavioral Effects of Alcohol and Drugs -- Control of Behavior by Aversive Consequences -- Substance Abuse: Similarities and Differences -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Neurochemical Aspects of Tolerance to and Physical Dependence on Alcohol -- Definitions of Functional Tolerance and Dependence -- Factors Modulating Ethanol Tolerance Development -- Effects of Ethanol Administration on Neurotransmitters -- Neurotransmitter Receptors -- Role of Neuronal Membranes in Development of Tolerance and Dependence -- Role of Condensation Products in Ethanol Tolerance and Dependence -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Metabolic Mechanisms in Tolerance and Physical Dependence on Alcohol -- Metabolic Tolerance -- Metabolism Mechanisms in Physical Dependence -- References -- 9 Endocrine Mechanisms in Tolerance to and Dependence on Alcohol -- Alcohol-Endocrine Interactions -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Relationship of Tolerance and Physical Dependence to Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Problems -- A Consideration of the Regulation of Alcohol Consumption -- Tolerance -- Physical Dependence -- Implications for Prevention and Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Brain Dysfunction and Alcohol -- Structural Brain Damage -- Evoked Potentials -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 12 Cognitive Deficits in Alcoholics -- Short-term Effects of Alcohol Ingestion -- Long-term Effects of Alcohol Ingestion -- Theoretical Considerations -- References -- 13 Prenatal Effects of Alcohol Abuse in Humans and Laboratory Animals -- Historical Introduction to Alcohol Abuse in Pregnancy -- Intrauterine Effects of Maternal Alcohol Abuse in Humans -- Animal Models of Maternal Alcohol Use and Abuse -- The Importance of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome to Problems of Female Alcohol Abuse -- Conclusions -- References -- 14 Amethystic Agents in the Treatment of Alcohol Intoxication -- Available Antagonists of Centrally Active Drugs -- Putative Alcohol Antagonists -- Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Study -- References.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9781468484656
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section I: $$p\bar p/pp\;$$ Collisions -- Hard Scattering at ISR Energies -- Comparison of $$p\bar p/pp\;$$ Interactions at the ISR -- First Results of the UA1 Experiment -- Status and First Results from the UA2 Experiment -- Proton-Antiproton Elastic Scattering and Total Cross Section at the CERN Collider -- Results from the UA5 Experiment -- Section II: e+e? Collisions -- A Review of Two-Photon Physics -- Gluonium and QCD Effects in the J/? Region -- The Upsilon Resonances--Recent Results -- Electroweak Effects in e+e? Annihilations -- Section III: Jets -- Jets at PETRA -- Recent Results from the MAC and MARK II Detectors at PEP -- The Dynamics of a Fragmentation Model or a Possible Life after the Parton Stage -- Section IV: Structures in Hadronic Interaction and Heavy Flavors -- Event Structure in Collider and Cosmic Ray Experiments -- QCD and theSpace-Time Evolution of High-Energy e+e?, $$p\bar p$$, and Heavy Ion Collisions -- Hadronic Production of Heavy Flavours -- The Decay of Heavy Flavor States in e+e? Annihilations -- Section V: Overview -- Is There a Desert Beyond the Mountains? -- Participants.
    Abstract: The field of particle physics is developing very rapidly. During this past year, physicists added a new instrument to their arsenal for the study of quark-quark, quark-lepton, and lepton­ lepton interactions. This machine, the PROTON-ANTIPROTON COLLIDER, achieved the highest energy in the world. With its five detectors, it is beginning to explore hitherto inaccessible regions for new physics (Section I). Lepton-Iepto~ machines with detectors at full efficiency are producing copious data of the very highest precision. The possibility of glueballs and the detailing of the properties of the upsilon family have been of major importance this year (Section II). The particle jets which are believed to be direct manifesta­ tions of the quark structure of matter continue to provide valuable data against which we can test the ideas of QCD (Section III). With the advent of more and better data it is now possible to study in detail the formation evolution of hadronic states. Especially interesting are the properties of heavy quark states (Section IV). A far-seeing look into the future development of any fecund scienti­ fic field is rarely accurate, but is always stimulating (Section V). It is against this background of participating in the clarifi­ cation of the Physics in Collision that we continue this series.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section I: $$p\bar p/pp\;$$ CollisionsHard Scattering at ISR Energies -- Comparison of $$p\bar p/pp\;$$ Interactions at the ISR -- First Results of the UA1 Experiment -- Status and First Results from the UA2 Experiment -- Proton-Antiproton Elastic Scattering and Total Cross Section at the CERN Collider -- Results from the UA5 Experiment -- Section II: e+e? Collisions -- A Review of Two-Photon Physics -- Gluonium and QCD Effects in the J/? Region -- The Upsilon Resonances--Recent Results -- Electroweak Effects in e+e? Annihilations -- Section III: Jets -- Jets at PETRA -- Recent Results from the MAC and MARK II Detectors at PEP -- The Dynamics of a Fragmentation Model or a Possible Life after the Parton Stage -- Section IV: Structures in Hadronic Interaction and Heavy Flavors -- Event Structure in Collider and Cosmic Ray Experiments -- QCD and theSpace-Time Evolution of High-Energy e+e?, $$p\bar p$$, and Heavy Ion Collisions -- Hadronic Production of Heavy Flavours -- The Decay of Heavy Flavor States in e+e? Annihilations -- Section V: Overview -- Is There a Desert Beyond the Mountains? -- Participants.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597810
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Physiological Mechanisms and Behaviour -- 2. Motivation and Decision-making -- 3. From Genes to Behaviour -- 4. Experience and Learning -- 5. Finding a Place to Live -- 6. Finding Food -- 7. Anti-predator Behaviour -- 8. The Ecology of Reproduction -- 9. The Ecology and Organisation of Social Behaviour -- 10. Communication -- 11. Evolution and Behaviour.
    Abstract: The study of animal behaviour, particularly from evolutionary and ecological viewpoints, has been one of the major growing points in biology over the last 10 to 15 years. The degree of quantitative rigour in theoretical, observational and experimental approaches to behaviour has increased dramatically. As more of the rapidly growing research literature be comes a basic requirement for students reading animal behaviour at undergraduate level, there is a need for a readily comprehensible text, covering all major aspects of behaviour study, to accom­ pany their courses. This book, based on my first, second and third year under­ graduate lectures at the University of No ttingham , is designed to meet that requirement. The book begins with a discussion of the physiological and anatomical bases of behaviour: the relationship between nervous system structure and function and behaviour; hormonal effects on behaviour; biological c1ocks; perceptual mechanisms; and stimulus filtering. This leads to a consideration in Chapter 2 of how the animal integrates internal and external stimuli in making decisions about its behaviour and the way natural selection has shaped decision-making processes and the organisation of motivation. The first two chapters therefore deal with the instigation or causation of behaviour within the animal. Chapters 3 and 4 deal with developmental aspects of behaviour. Chapter 3 discusses behaviour genetics, inc1uding the relationship between specific genes and behaviour, the heritability of behaviour patterns, the site of gene action in the body and the evolutionary consequences of a genetic basis to behaviour.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Physiological Mechanisms and Behaviour2. Motivation and Decision-making -- 3. From Genes to Behaviour -- 4. Experience and Learning -- 5. Finding a Place to Live -- 6. Finding Food -- 7. Anti-predator Behaviour -- 8. The Ecology of Reproduction -- 9. The Ecology and Organisation of Social Behaviour -- 10. Communication -- 11. Evolution and Behaviour.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9781461337690
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 238 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Natural Hazards Victimization: An OverviewThe Incidence of Disaster Experiences -- Hazard-Generated Injuries and Damages -- Sources of Help -- Recovery and Lingering Effects -- Conclusion -- 2 Estimating Hazard Events and Consequences through a Victimization Survey -- Research Strategy -- Research Design -- The Hazards Studied -- Plan of the Monograph -- 3 The Victimization Survey: Data Collection and Survey Implementation -- The Screener Telephone Interview -- The Mail Survey -- The Event Sample -- Analysis of Nonresponse -- Sample Characteristics -- Summary -- 4 The Incidence of Hazard Experiences. -- The Base Period and -- Representativeness -- Hazard Experiences -- Hazard Victimization Experiences -- Comparisons with Other Estimates -- Year-by-Year Hazard Victimization Rates, 1970 through 1980 -- Multiple Natural-Hazard Victimization-Events -- Calibrating Natural Hazard Incidence -- The Spatial and Social Distribution of Natural Disaster Events -- Comparison with Other Noxious Events -- Summary -- 5 Deaths, Injuries, Damages, and Total Costs -- Estimating “Total Dollar Costs” -- Defining Serious Hazard Events -- Injuries and Their Monetary Costs -- Injury Rates by Selected Household Characteristics -- “Total Dollar Costs” Resulting from Hazards -- National Estimates of Total Dollar Costs -- Damage to Property and Personal Possessions -- The Distribution of Dollar Costs by Household Characteristics -- Summary -- 6 Patterns of Aid to Hazard Victims -- A Technical Note -- Insurance Coverage and Claims -- Other Financial Aid Received -- Equity in Financial Help -- Informal Sources of Help -- Help from All Sources -- Hazard Aftermaths -- Summary -- References -- Appendix A Estimates of Victimization and Losses Based on Pre-1980 Data -- Hazard Victimization by Agent: Existing Estimates (as of 1979) -- Appendix B Questionnaires Used in the National Telephone Survey and the Mailed Survey of Hazard Victims.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461593287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Theoretical and Methodological Issues -- Figurative versus Objective Semiosis: An Epistemological Crossroads -- Hypersemiosis: Mixed Metaphors as Semiotic Overloading -- Cognition from a Semiotic Point of View -- Icon and Symbol: A Reappraisal of the Resemblance Debate -- Précis of Merleau-Ponty on Metajournalism -- “Worldiness” and the Analytic Truth -- The Rheme/Dicent/Argument Distinction -- The Sign-Status of Specular Reflections -- Semiotic Phenomenology and Peirce -- II. Semiotics Of Communication -- Contexts for Language Learning: Semiotic Perspectives -- The Semiotic Function of Audience -- III. Approaches to Gesture -- Exophoric Reference as an Interactive Resource -- Searching for a Word as an Interactive Activity -- Sly Moves: A Semiotic Analysis of Movement in Marshallese Culture -- The Study of Gesture: Some Remarks on Its History -- IV. Neglected Figures in the History of Semiotic Inquiry -- Francis Lieber and the Semiotics of Law -- The Logic of History as a Semiotic Process of Question and Answer in the Thought of R.G. Collingwood -- V. Semiotics and Linguistics -- The Semiotic Paradigm and Language Change -- What’s in a Word? -- VI. Literary and Artistic Semiotics -- Functions of the Index in Narrative: An Outline -- Symbiosis and Dichotomy in the Names of Anna Axmatova -- Representation and Subjectivity in Modern Literature -- Aesthetic Semiosis of the Visual Object -- Indexicality in Esthetic Signs and the Art of Dante Gabriel Rosetti -- Subjects and Objects: Quick Notes on the State of Art History -- Kitsch: A Semiotic Approach -- Talent and Technique in Theatre: A Semiotics of Performing -- The Semiotics of Godot Compared with those of the Russian Icon -- The Teller and the Tale: Sources of Credibility in the Short Story -- The Guinea Pigs of Ludvik Vaculik: Interrelation of Areas of Reference -- VII. Fourth Annual Symposium on Empirical Semiotics -- Why Think About a Cognitive Psychosemiotic Theory? -- The Tell-the-Tale Detail -- The Semiotic Crisis in Contemporary Hospitals -- VIII. Psychology, Sociology, and Semiotics -- Who Apes English? -- Culture and Mind in Peircean Semiotics: One Aspect -- Sociology and Semiotics: Two Sciences of the Human -- Semiotic Theory and Language Learning -- IX. Architectural Semiotics -- Architectural Semiotic Analysis: A Demonstration -- “Musement on the Whole”…An Attitude Toward Space -- X. Peirce Special Session -- Mathematics as a Semiotic Factor in the Thought of C.S. Peirce -- An Outline of the Foundations of Modern Semiotic: Charles Peirce and Charles Morris -- XI. Semiotics of Culture -- A Comparative Study of Selected Semiotic Elements of Different Branches of Fortune Telling -- Icon as Index: A Theory of Middle Byzantine Imagery -- A Critique of Lévi-Strauss’ Theory of Myth and the Elements of a Semiotic Alternative -- The Civilization of Illiteracy -- Myth and Symbol in Vico and the “Romantik”: Some Remarks -- Social Symbols and Cultural Identity -- XII. Foundations of Old Testament Structure and Meaning -- Matrilineal Background of Genealogies in Genesis -- Judges 11:12-28: Constructive and Deconstructive Analysis -- Story Structure and Social Structure in Genesis: Circles and Cycles -- Author index.
    Abstract: This volume differs from the volume, Semiotics 1980, in that it is no longer an experimental product, but the result of a permanent commitment of the Semiotic Society of America to publish each year henceforward those papers presented at its Annual Meeting which are submitted to the Secretariat in timely and proper form. Thus Semiotics 1981 marks the beginning, following upon the experimental Semiotics 1980 volume, of an indefinite series of volumes presenting the cross-fertilization of styles, topics, methodologies, and traditions "in which new ideas vie for survival and experiment is at a premium." It is this cross­ fertilization which is at the heart of the vitality and integration and redistribution of the world of knowledge. The historical value of such a record is obvious. But the more immediate objective of these volumes of annual proceedings is to promote participation in the work of "semioticizing" traditional perspectives and disciplines by providing a forum in which young scholars can meet regularly and find an outlet for their efforts at interdisciplinary thinking which are not always welcome in the journals and proceedings devoted to the promotion only of traditionally specialized perspectives.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Theoretical and Methodological IssuesFigurative versus Objective Semiosis: An Epistemological Crossroads -- Hypersemiosis: Mixed Metaphors as Semiotic Overloading -- Cognition from a Semiotic Point of View -- Icon and Symbol: A Reappraisal of the Resemblance Debate -- Précis of Merleau-Ponty on Metajournalism -- “Worldiness” and the Analytic Truth -- The Rheme/Dicent/Argument Distinction -- The Sign-Status of Specular Reflections -- Semiotic Phenomenology and Peirce -- II. Semiotics Of Communication -- Contexts for Language Learning: Semiotic Perspectives -- The Semiotic Function of Audience -- III. Approaches to Gesture -- Exophoric Reference as an Interactive Resource -- Searching for a Word as an Interactive Activity -- Sly Moves: A Semiotic Analysis of Movement in Marshallese Culture -- The Study of Gesture: Some Remarks on Its History -- IV. Neglected Figures in the History of Semiotic Inquiry -- Francis Lieber and the Semiotics of Law -- The Logic of History as a Semiotic Process of Question and Answer in the Thought of R.G. Collingwood -- V. Semiotics and Linguistics -- The Semiotic Paradigm and Language Change -- What’s in a Word? -- VI. Literary and Artistic Semiotics -- Functions of the Index in Narrative: An Outline -- Symbiosis and Dichotomy in the Names of Anna Axmatova -- Representation and Subjectivity in Modern Literature -- Aesthetic Semiosis of the Visual Object -- Indexicality in Esthetic Signs and the Art of Dante Gabriel Rosetti -- Subjects and Objects: Quick Notes on the State of Art History -- Kitsch: A Semiotic Approach -- Talent and Technique in Theatre: A Semiotics of Performing -- The Semiotics of Godot Compared with those of the Russian Icon -- The Teller and the Tale: Sources of Credibility in the Short Story -- The Guinea Pigs of Ludvik Vaculik: Interrelation of Areas of Reference -- VII. Fourth Annual Symposium on Empirical Semiotics -- Why Think About a Cognitive Psychosemiotic Theory? -- The Tell-the-Tale Detail -- The Semiotic Crisis in Contemporary Hospitals -- VIII. Psychology, Sociology, and Semiotics -- Who Apes English? -- Culture and Mind in Peircean Semiotics: One Aspect -- Sociology and Semiotics: Two Sciences of the Human -- Semiotic Theory and Language Learning -- IX. Architectural Semiotics -- Architectural Semiotic Analysis: A Demonstration -- “Musement on the Whole”…An Attitude Toward Space -- X. Peirce Special Session -- Mathematics as a Semiotic Factor in the Thought of C.S. Peirce -- An Outline of the Foundations of Modern Semiotic: Charles Peirce and Charles Morris -- XI. Semiotics of Culture -- A Comparative Study of Selected Semiotic Elements of Different Branches of Fortune Telling -- Icon as Index: A Theory of Middle Byzantine Imagery -- A Critique of Lévi-Strauss’ Theory of Myth and the Elements of a Semiotic Alternative -- The Civilization of Illiteracy -- Myth and Symbol in Vico and the “Romantik”: Some Remarks -- Social Symbols and Cultural Identity -- XII. Foundations of Old Testament Structure and Meaning -- Matrilineal Background of Genealogies in Genesis -- Judges 11:12-28: Constructive and Deconstructive Analysis -- Story Structure and Social Structure in Genesis: Circles and Cycles -- Author index.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468488104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 252 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475739671
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 242 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Services Rendered by Sea Transport to International Trade -- 2 Economics of International Trade -- 3 Economics of Ship Design -- 4 Ship Investment Criteria -- 5 Economics of Ship Operation -- 6 The Freight Market -- 7 Economics of Chartering -- 8 Finance of International Trade -- 9 Combined Transport Operation -- 10 Ship Management -- 11 Shipboard Management -- 12 Role of British and International Shipping Organizations -- 13 Role of other National and International Organizations -- 14 Political Factors -- Appendix A Addresses of Organizations and Institutes Engaged in the Fields of Shipping or International Trade -- Further Recommended Textbook Reading -- Appendix B Ship Diagrams.
    Abstract: BY Sir Frederic Bolton, M.C. Chairman 0/ F. Bolton Group Ltd, Director 0/ Sealink Ltd and a past President o/the General Council 0/ British Shipping The shipping industry has always lacked a body which can confer professional status on would-be practitioners: in that sense, unlike those closely allied to his responsibilities - the marine engineer, the shipowner or manager is obliged to remain an unqualified amateur. The latest addition to Mr Branch's list of titles goes a long way towards correcting this position: a proper study of the material in his book would clearly go far to confer the status of 'complete ship operator' upon anyone who was examined on its contents. Know­ ledge as comprehensive as that acquired through Mr Branch's book must provide a sound base on which to build the experience of practice. Contents Foreword v Pre/ace xi Acknowledgements xiii Diagrams xiv 1 Services Rendered by Sea Transport to International Trade 1 Function 0/ shipping and its relationship to international trade. Balance 0/ trade and balance 0/ payments. Relationship between world seaborne trade and world mercantile fleet. 2 Economics of International Trade 13 Function 0/ international trade. Survey 0/ international trade. Commodity trades. Flow o/manu/actured goods. Multinational companies. Freight /orwarding. Major trading areas o/the world. Pre/erential trading groups. International exchange rates. 3 Economics of Ship Design 31 Influence 0/ cost, construction and sa/ety /actors. Ship design criteria. Economics 0/ ship propulsion.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9781461334798
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (556p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Early childhood education.
    Abstract: Early Childhood Education Foundations -- Early Childhood Education: A Synoptic View -- Towards Solutions for Problems of Early Childhood Education -- Towards Education of a New Generation: Some Thoughts -- Children’s Development -- Experimental and Observational Studies of Preschool Children’s Memory -- Development of Children’s Moral Deliberations: Implications for Early Childhood Education -- Young Children’s Differential Perceptions of Their Parents -- Some Dimensions of Creativity in Young Children -- Auditory Attending Skills -- Teacher Education -- Helping Others Learn to Teach: Some Principles and Techniques for Inservice Educators -- An Attempt to Bridge the Gap between Theory and Practice in Early Childhood Teacher Education -- The Early Childhood Training Course for Bedouin Educators -- Some Factors Affecting Teacher Behavior and Pupil Performance -- Parents, Family, and Home Intervention -- How One City Involved Parents -- Learning in the Family Context: Research on Parents’ Perceptions of Their Role as Educators of Young Children -- Effects of a Home Intervention Program on Maternal Language -- Parents’ Goals and Preschool Education -- HIPPY: A Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters -- The Parent as Partner in the Educational Advancement of Preschool-Age Children -- Maternal Influences in the Formation of Sex Identity and Gender Role Designation among Differently Sexed Twins, Triplets and Quadruplets -- Parent-School Cooperation in a Changing Society: Teachers’ Learning from Disadvantaged Parents -- Children’s Learning -- Arithmetic Disabilities: The Relation between Arithmetic and Some Psychological Abilities—A Reanalysis -- Why Some Children Don’t Conserve: Implications for Early Childhood Education -- Comprehension of “Before” and “After” by the Young Child -- Effects of Training on the Divergent Thinking Ability of Kindergarten Children -- Studies in Pretense Play and the Conservation of Quantity -- Social Environment of Children -- The Relationship between the Development of a Peer Social System and Attachment -- An Exploratory Study of Problem Solving in the Natural Habitat -- An International and Comparative Study of Children’s Play Space Requirements in Residential Environments -- Early Childhood Education Programs -- The Froebelian Kindergarten as an International Movement -- Early Childhood Education in the Kibbutz -- The Structure of Children’s Activities: A Report on the Work of the Study Center for Children’s Activities -- A Demonstration Program for Campus Infant Care -- Dialogical Approach Applied to Non-Formal Education in Poor Areas of Underdeveloped Countries -- A Contribution to the Evaluation and Design of Non-Formal Preschool Programs in Marginal Committees -- Change in Affective Perceptions with Changes in Academic Achievements: A Preliminary Study of Three Twelve-Year-Old Boys -- A Unique Blending of Technology and Education Using the Self-Controlled Interactive Learning Systems (SCILS) in an Ongoing Early Childhood Program -- The Self-Controlled Interactive Learning Systems (SCILS): A Communication Model of Learning -- Suggestions for Improving Kindergarten Education in the Arabic Sector -- Tests and Testing -- Cognitive Performance of Kindergarten Children When Tested by Parents and Strangers -- Beyond Early Identification of Children’s Abilities and Disabilities -- The Bar-Ilan Picture Test: A Semi-Projective Technique for Diagnosing Problems Related to the Educational Environment in Elementary Schools -- Evaluation -- Teacher Evaluation in Early Childhood Education: Application of a Model -- Lasting Effects After Preschool -- Selected Attitudes of Teachers and Student Perceptions of Instruction at the Primary Level -- A Field-Based Approach to the Validation of Behavioral Competencies for Young Children -- Current Issues in the Evaluation of Early Childhood Programs -- Contributors -- Israel Organizing Committee and Advisory Boards.
    Description / Table of Contents: Early Childhood Education FoundationsEarly Childhood Education: A Synoptic View -- Towards Solutions for Problems of Early Childhood Education -- Towards Education of a New Generation: Some Thoughts -- Children’s Development -- Experimental and Observational Studies of Preschool Children’s Memory -- Development of Children’s Moral Deliberations: Implications for Early Childhood Education -- Young Children’s Differential Perceptions of Their Parents -- Some Dimensions of Creativity in Young Children -- Auditory Attending Skills -- Teacher Education -- Helping Others Learn to Teach: Some Principles and Techniques for Inservice Educators -- An Attempt to Bridge the Gap between Theory and Practice in Early Childhood Teacher Education -- The Early Childhood Training Course for Bedouin Educators -- Some Factors Affecting Teacher Behavior and Pupil Performance -- Parents, Family, and Home Intervention -- How One City Involved Parents -- Learning in the Family Context: Research on Parents’ Perceptions of Their Role as Educators of Young Children -- Effects of a Home Intervention Program on Maternal Language -- Parents’ Goals and Preschool Education -- HIPPY: A Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters -- The Parent as Partner in the Educational Advancement of Preschool-Age Children -- Maternal Influences in the Formation of Sex Identity and Gender Role Designation among Differently Sexed Twins, Triplets and Quadruplets -- Parent-School Cooperation in a Changing Society: Teachers’ Learning from Disadvantaged Parents -- Children’s Learning -- Arithmetic Disabilities: The Relation between Arithmetic and Some Psychological Abilities-A Reanalysis -- Why Some Children Don’t Conserve: Implications for Early Childhood Education -- Comprehension of “Before” and “After” by the Young Child -- Effects of Training on the Divergent Thinking Ability of Kindergarten Children -- Studies in Pretense Play and the Conservation of Quantity -- Social Environment of Children -- The Relationship between the Development of a Peer Social System and Attachment -- An Exploratory Study of Problem Solving in the Natural Habitat -- An International and Comparative Study of Children’s Play Space Requirements in Residential Environments -- Early Childhood Education Programs -- The Froebelian Kindergarten as an International Movement -- Early Childhood Education in the Kibbutz -- The Structure of Children’s Activities: A Report on the Work of the Study Center for Children’s Activities -- A Demonstration Program for Campus Infant Care -- Dialogical Approach Applied to Non-Formal Education in Poor Areas of Underdeveloped Countries -- A Contribution to the Evaluation and Design of Non-Formal Preschool Programs in Marginal Committees -- Change in Affective Perceptions with Changes in Academic Achievements: A Preliminary Study of Three Twelve-Year-Old Boys -- A Unique Blending of Technology and Education Using the Self-Controlled Interactive Learning Systems (SCILS) in an Ongoing Early Childhood Program -- The Self-Controlled Interactive Learning Systems (SCILS): A Communication Model of Learning -- Suggestions for Improving Kindergarten Education in the Arabic Sector -- Tests and Testing -- Cognitive Performance of Kindergarten Children When Tested by Parents and Strangers -- Beyond Early Identification of Children’s Abilities and Disabilities -- The Bar-Ilan Picture Test: A Semi-Projective Technique for Diagnosing Problems Related to the Educational Environment in Elementary Schools -- Evaluation -- Teacher Evaluation in Early Childhood Education: Application of a Model -- Lasting Effects After Preschool -- Selected Attitudes of Teachers and Student Perceptions of Instruction at the Primary Level -- A Field-Based Approach to the Validation of Behavioral Competencies for Young Children -- Current Issues in the Evaluation of Early Childhood Programs -- Contributors -- Israel Organizing Committee and Advisory Boards.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461339182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.1. Some Preliminary Observations on Water -- 1.2. Hydrology -- 1.3. The Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.4. Some Basic Principles of Hydrology -- 1.5. Terrain Hydrology -- 1.6. Change in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.7. Wastage in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.8. The International Hydrologie Decade -- 1.9. The United Nations International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade -- 1.10. Drought, a Disruption in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.11. Isotopes in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.12. The Global Water Balance -- 2. The Atmosphere -- 2.1. Energy in the Atmosphere -- 2.2. Atmospheric Moisture -- 2.3. Environmental Isotopes in Hydrometeorology -- 2.4. Circulation in the Atmosphere -- 2.5. Measurement of Precipitation -- 2.6. Measurement of Evaporation -- 2.7. Gauging of Snow -- 2.8. Atmospheric Water in Soil Erosion -- 2.9. Wind and Pressure -- 2.10. The Earth and its Atmosphere -- 3. Rivers -- 3.1. Rates of Flow and Discharge of Rivers -- 3.2. The Basin Hydrologic Cycle -- 3.3. Basin Morphometry -- 3.4. River Load -- 3.5. River Erosion Studies -- 3.6. The Forms of Channels -- 3.7. Flood Hazards -- 3.8. Water Movement through Soil -- 4. Lakes and other Surface Water Manifestations -- 4.1. General Characteristics of Lakes -- 4.2. Dynamics of Lakes and Reservoirs -- 4.3. Leakages from Lakes and Reservoirs -- 4.4. 18O and D Concentrations with Reference to the Water Balance of Lakes -- 4.5. The Total Lake Water Resources of the Earth -- 4.6. Springs -- 4.7. Snow Packs and Glaciers -- 5. The Oceans -- 5.1. Seas and Oceans -- 5.2. Structure of Oceanic Basins -- 5.3. Oceanic Circulation -- 5.4. Other Motions in the Oceans -- 5.5. Coastlines -- 5.6. The Deposits of the Deep Oceans -- 5.7. The History of the Deep Oceans -- 5.8. The Chemistry and Biology of the Seas -- Author Index -- Places Index.
    Abstract: Next to air, water is the most essential of human requirements. The hydrosphere-the waters of the Earth, its oceans, rivers and lakes-is vital, constituting a feature unique in the solar system and one responsible for physical and climatic phenomena characteristic of the planet. Water moves through the hydrologic cycle and runs the heat engine of the Earth, approximately 97% of it occurring in the oceans. These contain vast natural resources including abundant plant and animal life and they assist in cleansing the atmosphere by becoming the final repository of air and land pollutants of which many are man-made. Unfortunately their ability to do this is diminishing because of rising pollution by toxicants such as DDT, nuclear by-products such as strontium-90 and oil spills. The oceans contain huge quantities of various substances mostly originating from the atmosphere, biological activity, river transport after rock weathering, groundwater, spreading zones along mid-oceanic ridges and crustal out-gassing. After hydrogen and oxygen, the commonest elements in them are Cl, Na, Mg, S, K, Ca, Br, C and B. The atmosphere and the oceans together cooperate in an energy cycle important in controlling and equalising the Earth's surface temperature.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Hydrologic Cycle1.1. Some Preliminary Observations on Water -- 1.2. Hydrology -- 1.3. The Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.4. Some Basic Principles of Hydrology -- 1.5. Terrain Hydrology -- 1.6. Change in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.7. Wastage in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.8. The International Hydrologie Decade -- 1.9. The United Nations International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade -- 1.10. Drought, a Disruption in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.11. Isotopes in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.12. The Global Water Balance -- 2. The Atmosphere -- 2.1. Energy in the Atmosphere -- 2.2. Atmospheric Moisture -- 2.3. Environmental Isotopes in Hydrometeorology -- 2.4. Circulation in the Atmosphere -- 2.5. Measurement of Precipitation -- 2.6. Measurement of Evaporation -- 2.7. Gauging of Snow -- 2.8. Atmospheric Water in Soil Erosion -- 2.9. Wind and Pressure -- 2.10. The Earth and its Atmosphere -- 3. Rivers -- 3.1. Rates of Flow and Discharge of Rivers -- 3.2. The Basin Hydrologic Cycle -- 3.3. Basin Morphometry -- 3.4. River Load -- 3.5. River Erosion Studies -- 3.6. The Forms of Channels -- 3.7. Flood Hazards -- 3.8. Water Movement through Soil -- 4. Lakes and other Surface Water Manifestations -- 4.1. General Characteristics of Lakes -- 4.2. Dynamics of Lakes and Reservoirs -- 4.3. Leakages from Lakes and Reservoirs -- 4.4. 18O and D Concentrations with Reference to the Water Balance of Lakes -- 4.5. The Total Lake Water Resources of the Earth -- 4.6. Springs -- 4.7. Snow Packs and Glaciers -- 5. The Oceans -- 5.1. Seas and Oceans -- 5.2. Structure of Oceanic Basins -- 5.3. Oceanic Circulation -- 5.4. Other Motions in the Oceans -- 5.5. Coastlines -- 5.6. The Deposits of the Deep Oceans -- 5.7. The History of the Deep Oceans -- 5.8. The Chemistry and Biology of the Seas -- Author Index -- Places Index.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461592150
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 The Study of Early Experience -- 3 The Physical Environment and Its Relationship to Cognitive-Intellectual Development -- 4 The Social Environment and Its Relationship to Cognitive-Intellectual Development -- 5 Early Experience and Cognitive-Intellectual Development: The Emotional-Attitudinal Environment -- 6 The Earliest Social Experiences and Their Effect on Social Development -- 7 The Socialization of Young Children -- 8 The Relationship between Social and Cognitive Development -- 9 The Nature of Early Environmental Action -- 10 Early Experience and Development: Implications and Applications -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Our goal in writing this book was to fill a perceived gap in the early experi­ ence literature. Most existing volumes on early experience and development can be dichotomized on a basic versus an applied dimension. Volumes falling on the basic side are designed for researchers and theoreticians in the biomed­ ical and behavioral sciences. Most existing basic volumes are either primarily based on infrahuman data or are based on single major human studies. In going over these volumes, we are not convinced of the generality of infrahu­ man data to the human level; in addition, we were concerned about the replicability of findings from single studies, however well designed these studies were. As a result, the relevance of data from these volumes to applied human problems is quite limited. In contrast, volumes falling on the applied side are designed primarily for those involved in intervention work with infants and young children. These applied books generally tend to be vague and nonempirical compilations of the views of experts and the collective "wisdom of the ages. " Rarely in applied volumes do we find conclusions based on solid, consistent, empirical findings.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 The Study of Early Experience -- 3 The Physical Environment and Its Relationship to Cognitive-Intellectual Development -- 4 The Social Environment and Its Relationship to Cognitive-Intellectual Development -- 5 Early Experience and Cognitive-Intellectual Development: The Emotional-Attitudinal Environment -- 6 The Earliest Social Experiences and Their Effect on Social Development -- 7 The Socialization of Young Children -- 8 The Relationship between Social and Cognitive Development -- 9 The Nature of Early Environmental Action -- 10 Early Experience and Development: Implications and Applications -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9781468439984
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 304 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: I • The Insecticide Crisis -- 1 A New Technology -- 2 Crisis -- II • A Search for Alternatives -- 3 Strategies I: Integrated Pest Management -- 4 Strategies II: Total Population Management -- 5 Traumas -- III • Entomology in its Cultural Context -- 6 A Conceptual Framework -- 7 The Philosophical Foundations -- 8 Revolutionary Farmers -- 9 Entomologists and the Revolution -- 10 Entomology and Agricultural Production.
    Abstract: Science and technology are cultural phenomena. Expert knowledge is generated amid the conflicts of a society and in turn supplies fuel to fire yet further change and new clashes. This essay on economic entomology is a case study on how cultural events and forces affected the creation of scientific and technical knowledge. The time period emphasized is 1945 to 1980. My initial premises for selecting relevant data for the story were ultimately not of much use. Virtually all debates about insect control since 1945 have been centered around the environmental and health hazards associated with insecticides. My first but inadequate conclusion was that the center of interest lay between those who defended the chemicals and those who advocated the use of nonchemical control methods. With this formulation of the problem, I was drawn to an analysis of how the chemical manufacturers had managed to dominate and even corrupt the work of entomological scientists, farmers, members of Congress, and regulators in the USDA and EPA. My own contribu­ tions to a policy study at the National Academy of Sciences were based 1 on this premise. More recently, Robert van den Bosch developed the 2 "corruption theme" in considerable detail.
    Description / Table of Contents: I • The Insecticide Crisis1 A New Technology -- 2 Crisis -- II • A Search for Alternatives -- 3 Strategies I: Integrated Pest Management -- 4 Strategies II: Total Population Management -- 5 Traumas -- III • Entomology in its Cultural Context -- 6 A Conceptual Framework -- 7 The Philosophical Foundations -- 8 Revolutionary Farmers -- 9 Entomologists and the Revolution -- 10 Entomology and Agricultural Production.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9781468441963
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Learning, Psychology of.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- What This Book Is About -- Wischner’s Career -- Wischner’s Doctoral Students -- The San Antonio Symposium -- 2 Biological Contributions to the Study of Learning -- Prologue -- Background -- The Biological Analysis of Behavior -- Summary of Points and Issues -- Postlogue -- References -- 3 Cognitive Strategies in the Discrimination Learning of Young Children -- Some Background on Hypothesis Testing in Young Children -- Some Considerations in the Study of Hypothesis Testing in Kindergarten Children -- Demonstrations of Cognitive Strategies in Younger Children -- Some Factors Affecting the Solution of Discrimination Problems -- Discussion and Summary -- References -- 4 Learning Sets: The Pittsburgh Studies -- LS and Species Differences -- LS and Child Development -- LS and Mental Retardation -- The Pittsburgh Studies by Wischner and His Associates -- Conclusions and Implications -- References -- 5 Feedback and Motor Control in Stuttering -- Feedback -- Motor Control -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Facilitating Stimulus Effects of Reward and Punishment: Discriminability as a General Principle -- History of Research on Shock-Right Facilitation -- The Shock-Right Paradigm as an Experimental Assay -- Elaboration of the Discriminability Process -- References -- 7 The Clinical Uses of Punishment: Bane or Boon? -- Punishment as a Technique to Be Avoided -- Some Personally Unsettling Research Findings -- New Discoveries and Theoretical Advances Concerning Punishment and Aversive Stimulation -- Abuses and Uses of Punishment with Children -- Some Clinical Uses of Punishment with Adults -- Punishment and Information Processing -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 Intellectual Progeny of Seashore and Spence: Iowa Psychologists -- The Guttman Scale of Eminence -- Overall Descriptive Information -- Early History of the Iowa Psychology Department -- Information on Individual Eminent Graduates -- Discussion -- References.
    Abstract: DONALD K. ROUTH WHAT THIS BOOK IS ABOUT A reader who happens onto this book on the library shelf may find the title a puzzle. Learning is one broad subject. Speech is another. And the "complex effects of punishment" might seem far afield from either. Perhaps, intrigued by this apparent diversity and wanting to discover what common theme underlies it, the reader may begin leafing through the chapters. The first one recounts a series of studies of rats-using learning techniques from the psychology laboratory, to be sure, but applied to the study of behavior genetics, sex differences, and aging. The second chapter has to do with young children's discrimination learning. Then, there is a chapter on learning sets. Next, there is a chapter on stuttering. Then the topic shifts back to the study of learning in rats. Then, there is a clinical chapter on punishment effects. Finally, there is a historically oriented essay on Iowa psychology graduates. Surely, by now the puzzled reader wants an explana­ tion of why such diversity belongs between the covers of a single book.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 IntroductionWhat This Book Is About -- Wischner’s Career -- Wischner’s Doctoral Students -- The San Antonio Symposium -- 2 Biological Contributions to the Study of Learning -- Prologue -- Background -- The Biological Analysis of Behavior -- Summary of Points and Issues -- Postlogue -- References -- 3 Cognitive Strategies in the Discrimination Learning of Young Children -- Some Background on Hypothesis Testing in Young Children -- Some Considerations in the Study of Hypothesis Testing in Kindergarten Children -- Demonstrations of Cognitive Strategies in Younger Children -- Some Factors Affecting the Solution of Discrimination Problems -- Discussion and Summary -- References -- 4 Learning Sets: The Pittsburgh Studies -- LS and Species Differences -- LS and Child Development -- LS and Mental Retardation -- The Pittsburgh Studies by Wischner and His Associates -- Conclusions and Implications -- References -- 5 Feedback and Motor Control in Stuttering -- Feedback -- Motor Control -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Facilitating Stimulus Effects of Reward and Punishment: Discriminability as a General Principle -- History of Research on Shock-Right Facilitation -- The Shock-Right Paradigm as an Experimental Assay -- Elaboration of the Discriminability Process -- References -- 7 The Clinical Uses of Punishment: Bane or Boon? -- Punishment as a Technique to Be Avoided -- Some Personally Unsettling Research Findings -- New Discoveries and Theoretical Advances Concerning Punishment and Aversive Stimulation -- Abuses and Uses of Punishment with Children -- Some Clinical Uses of Punishment with Adults -- Punishment and Information Processing -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 Intellectual Progeny of Seashore and Spence: Iowa Psychologists -- The Guttman Scale of Eminence -- Overall Descriptive Information -- Early History of the Iowa Psychology Department -- Information on Individual Eminent Graduates -- Discussion -- References.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9781468441574
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section I: Background and General Principles -- 1. The Evolution of Regulatory Influences on Research with Human Subjects -- 2. Legal Background of the Institutional Review Board -- 3. General Organization of the IRB -- 4. The Costs of IRB Review -- Section II: The Review Process -- 5. General Principles of IRB Review -- 6. IRB Procedures -- 7. Informed Consent -- 8. Research on Investigational New Drugs -- 9. Research Involving Medical Devices -- 10. Continuing Review of Research -- Section III: Special Problem Areas -- 11. Studies Involving Children -- 12. Research on the Therapy of Cancer -- 13. Surgical Research -- 14. Clinical Trials of New Drugs -- 15. Psychiatric Research -- 16. IRBs and the Regulation of Social Science Research -- Annotated Bibliography -- Appendices -- 1. The Nuremberg Code -- 2. The Declaration of Helsinki -- 6. Statement of Investigator, FD Form 1573 -- 7. Protection of Human Subjects Assurance/Certification/Declaration, HEW-596 -- 8. Application for Approval of a Research Project -- 9. Sample Consent Form -- 10. IRB Reviewer’s Checklist -- 11. Request for an Investigational Drug -- 12. Investigational Drug Fact Sheet -- 13. Research Incident Report -- 14. Research Involving Children -- 15. Research Involving Cancer Patients -- 16. Research Involving Psychiatric Patients -- 17. Research Involving an Experimental Invasive Procedure -- 18. Research Involving an Investigational Medical Device -- 19. Research Involving an Investigational New Drug -- 20. Research Involving an Emotional Assessment Interview with Patients -- 21. Research Involving an Emotional Assessment Interview with Relatives of Patients.
    Abstract: For an increasing number of hospitals and universities the institutional review board (lRB) has become a way of life. Spurred into existence by public outcries about the unethical nature of certain modern scientific experiments, the IRB represents the most visible evidence of institutional commitment to ethical review of clinical research. However, this exponential growth of IRB activities has not occurred without growing pains. Like the Environmental Protection Agency, IRBs have had to develop procedures and standards without a clear consensus as to what would be optimal for science and society. Each IRB has perforce devised its own modus operandi, subject to general principles and guidelines laid down by others but still relatively free to stipulate the details of its functioning. Thus one can applaud the general idea as well as the overall performance of IRBs without asserting that the millenium has arrived. The composition, philosophy, efficiency, responsibilities, and powers of IRBs remain topics suit­ able for debate. It is still possible (and appropriate) for IRB members to worry both about the propriety of their decisions and the personal costs of their service.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475709230
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 168 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Sociolinguistics.
    Abstract: 1. Bühler’s Axiomatic Project -- 2. Phonology, Diacrisis, and Abstraction -- 3. The Two-Field Theory of Language -- 4. From Perception to Metaphor -- 5. Clarifying Language by Contrast -- 6. Conclusion: Some Open Questions -- A. The Key Principle: The Sign Character of Language -- B. Speech Action and Language Structure -- C. The Structural Model of Language -- D. The Schema of Language Functions -- Name Index.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9781461337003
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Masters Theses Listed by Study Discipline -- 1. Aerospace Engineering -- 2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communications Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
    Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con­ cerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor­ poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 26 (thesis year 1981) a total of 11 ,048 theses titles from 24 Canadian and 21 8 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 26 reports theses submitted in 1981, on occasion, certain univer­ sities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
    Description / Table of Contents: Masters Theses Listed by Study Discipline1. Aerospace Engineering -- 2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communications Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461592457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Law. ; Civil law. ; Engineering. ; Life sciences. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Science.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1. The Background -- 1.2. The Right to Education for Retarded Children: Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania -- 1.3. Districtwide Relief for All Handicapped Students: Mills v. Board of Education, District of Columbia -- 1.4. Programs for Newly Identified Children: Frederick L. v. Thomas -- 1.5. Notes -- 2 A National Right to Education: The Education for all Handicapped Children act -- 2.1. An Overview -- 2.2. Court-Ordered Implementation of P.L. 94-142: Mattie T. v. Holladay -- 2.3. Free Appropriate Public Education -- 2.4. Handicapped Children -- 2. 5. Individualized Education Program -- 2.6. Due Process Procedures -- 2.7. Appeals -- 2.8. Surrogate Parents -- 2.9. Evaluations -- 2.10. Least Restrictive Environment -- 2.11. Least Restrictive Environment and the Courts: The Willowbrook Case -- 2.12. Confidentiality of Records -- 2.13. Excluding Persons without a Legitimate Educational Interest: The Government Requirements -- 2.14. Notes -- 3 Prohibiting Discrimination against Handicapped Students -- 3.1. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 -- 3.2. Preschool, Elementary, and Secondary Education -- 3.3. The Integration Requirement -- 3.4. Court-Ordered Integration: Hairston v. Drosick -- 3.5. Evaluation Procedures -- 3.6. Nonacademic Services -- 3.7. Postsecondary Education -- 3.8. Auxiliary Aids -- 3.9. Access to Postsecondary Programs: Southeastern Community College v. Davis -- 3.10. Other Section 504 Provisions -- 3.11. Notes -- 4 The Special Education Hearing: Preparation and Litigation -- 4.1. The Purpose of a Hearing -- 4.2. Preparation for the Hearing -- 4.3. At the Hearing -- 4.4. The Hearing Officer -- 4.5. The Opening Statement -- 4.6. The Presentation of Witnesses -- 4.7. The Testimony of School District Officials -- 4.8. Medical Testimony -- 4.9. The Psychological Testimony -- 4.10. The Parent as a Witness -- 4.11. Cross-Examination -- 4.12. Closing Statement -- 4.13. Appeals -- 4.14. Model Exceptions -- 4.15. Appeal to Court -- 4.16. Notes -- 5 Major Issues in Special Education Law -- 5.1. Continuous Special Education -- 5.2. Discipline and Special Education -- 5.3. Language and Racial Minorities -- 5.4. Special Education Malpractice -- 5.5. Gifted and Talented Children -- 5.6. Notes -- Appendix 1 Federal Requirements for the Education of all Handicapped Children (20 U.S.C. §§1401-1420) -- Appendix 2 P.L. 94-142 Regulations (34 C.F.R. PART 300) -- Appendix 3 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. § 794) -- Appendix 4 Section 504 Regulations (34 C.F.R. Part 104) -- Appendix 5 Legal Organizations.
    Abstract: To any professional concerned with exceptional children, it would be the greatest understatement to say that the courts and legislatures have had a tremendous impact on the field of speeial education. Especially in the last decade, a flood of litigation filed to develop and define the right to education of previously unserved handicapped children has left no special education teacher, school adminis­ trator, nurse, educational psychologist, or pediatrician unaffected-either be­ cause these professionals are daily called upon to help children, or because they may come forward as witnesses on behalf of children who are the subjects of special education meetings, individualized education programs, placement hear­ ings, or judicial proceedings. Thus, for these people, questions regarding a student's legal rights are immediate and pervasive. This book developed out of the need to provide nonlegal professionals with a lawyer's view of the huge body of court cases and federal laws and regulations that affect their practice as well as their students and clients. An introductory chapter provides the historical basis of the current interface between law and special education. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 and Sec­ tion 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and their regulations promulgated in 1977, are the major national laws in the field ~nd are therefore described in Chapters 2 and 3.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1. The Background -- 1.2. The Right to Education for Retarded Children: Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania -- 1.3. Districtwide Relief for All Handicapped Students: Mills v. Board of Education, District of Columbia -- 1.4. Programs for Newly Identified Children: Frederick L. v. Thomas -- 1.5. Notes -- 2 A National Right to Education: The Education for all Handicapped Children act -- 2.1. An Overview -- 2.2. Court-Ordered Implementation of P.L. 94-142: Mattie T. v. Holladay -- 2.3. Free Appropriate Public Education -- 2.4. Handicapped Children -- 2. 5. Individualized Education Program -- 2.6. Due Process Procedures -- 2.7. Appeals -- 2.8. Surrogate Parents -- 2.9. Evaluations -- 2.10. Least Restrictive Environment -- 2.11. Least Restrictive Environment and the Courts: The Willowbrook Case -- 2.12. Confidentiality of Records -- 2.13. Excluding Persons without a Legitimate Educational Interest: The Government Requirements -- 2.14. Notes -- 3 Prohibiting Discrimination against Handicapped Students -- 3.1. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 -- 3.2. Preschool, Elementary, and Secondary Education -- 3.3. The Integration Requirement -- 3.4. Court-Ordered Integration: Hairston v. Drosick -- 3.5. Evaluation Procedures -- 3.6. Nonacademic Services -- 3.7. Postsecondary Education -- 3.8. Auxiliary Aids -- 3.9. Access to Postsecondary Programs: Southeastern Community College v. Davis -- 3.10. Other Section 504 Provisions -- 3.11. Notes -- 4 The Special Education Hearing: Preparation and Litigation -- 4.1. The Purpose of a Hearing -- 4.2. Preparation for the Hearing -- 4.3. At the Hearing -- 4.4. The Hearing Officer -- 4.5. The Opening Statement -- 4.6. The Presentation of Witnesses -- 4.7. The Testimony of School District Officials -- 4.8. Medical Testimony -- 4.9. The Psychological Testimony -- 4.10. The Parent as a Witness -- 4.11. Cross-Examination -- 4.12. Closing Statement -- 4.13. Appeals -- 4.14. Model Exceptions -- 4.15. Appeal to Court -- 4.16. Notes -- 5 Major Issues in Special Education Law -- 5.1. Continuous Special Education -- 5.2. Discipline and Special Education -- 5.3. Language and Racial Minorities -- 5.4. Special Education Malpractice -- 5.5. Gifted and Talented Children -- 5.6. Notes -- Appendix 1 Federal Requirements for the Education of all Handicapped Children (20 U.S.C. §§1401-1420) -- Appendix 2 P.L. 94-142 Regulations (34 C.F.R. PART 300) -- Appendix 3 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. § 794) -- Appendix 4 Section 504 Regulations (34 C.F.R. Part 104) -- Appendix 5 Legal Organizations.
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  • 61
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597902
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Model Systems in Teratology Research2. The In Vitro Approach to Teratogenicity Testing -- 3. The Use of Cell Culture Methods for Exploring Teratogenic Susceptibility -- 4. Biochemical Mechanisms of Teratogenesis -- 5. The Distribution of Drugs and Other Agents in the Fetus -- 6. The Differentiation of Drug Metabolism in Relation to Developmental Toxicology -- 7. The Role of the Placenta in Developmental Toxicology -- 8. Developmental Carcinogenicity -- 9. Behavioural Teratogenicity -- 10. Developmental Enzyme Pathology -- Notes on Contributors.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9781468414844
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- Section I Acute Experiments on Normal Renal Function -- 2. Glomerular filtration rate -- 3. Renal nerves as an agent acting on the kidneys -- 4. Excretion of urea -- 5. Excretion of sulphate -- 6. Excretion of phosphate -- 7. Excretion of potassium -- 8. Excretion of sodium -- 9. Excretion of chloride and bicarbonate: ammonium in urine -- 10. The antidiuretic action of vasopressin -- 11. Release of antidiuretic hormone from the neurohypophysis -- 12. Acute experiments on the volume of the urine -- 13. Acute experiments on drinking by dogs -- Section II Balance Experiments -- 14. Intake of amino-N and excretion of urea -- 15. Intake of sulphur and excretion of sulphate -- 16. Intake of phosphorus and excretion of phosphate -- 17. Intake and excretion of potassium -- 18. Sodium balance -- 19. Intake and excretion of chloride -- 20. Anion-cation excretion: acid-base balance -- 21. Water balance -- 22. Experimental diabetes insipidus -- References.
    Abstract: This book has developed from an earlier monograph, 'Renal Function' (1962; London, Edward Arnold). It retains the general purpose of that book in relating the composition of the blood to the volume and com­ position of the urine of animals, including the new data of the intervening 20 years. As indicated by its title, this new book also has the particular purpose of studying the urine of animals in a normal environment and eating food usual to the species. Renal physiology illustrates a dilemma which arises also in other fields. Advanced technology, harnessed by accumulated experimental skill, now allows detailed investigation of basal processes. Micropuncture experiments have greatly advanced our understanding of the processes of glomerular fil­ tration and tubular reabsorption and have contribut­ ed to the wider discussion of the physicochemical nature of the movement of water and ions across cell surfaces. But experiments at microscopic or cell­ ular level demand experimental conditions in which the systems are abstracted from their natural en­ vironment, either as isolated perfused preparations or with the anaesthetised animal merely providing support for a tissue left in situ. The arguments from such experiments, important though they are towards understanding the basal processes, readily become remote from the reality of the normal animal.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. IntroductionSection I Acute Experiments on Normal Renal Function -- 2. Glomerular filtration rate -- 3. Renal nerves as an agent acting on the kidneys -- 4. Excretion of urea -- 5. Excretion of sulphate -- 6. Excretion of phosphate -- 7. Excretion of potassium -- 8. Excretion of sodium -- 9. Excretion of chloride and bicarbonate: ammonium in urine -- 10. The antidiuretic action of vasopressin -- 11. Release of antidiuretic hormone from the neurohypophysis -- 12. Acute experiments on the volume of the urine -- 13. Acute experiments on drinking by dogs -- Section II Balance Experiments -- 14. Intake of amino-N and excretion of urea -- 15. Intake of sulphur and excretion of sulphate -- 16. Intake of phosphorus and excretion of phosphate -- 17. Intake and excretion of potassium -- 18. Sodium balance -- 19. Intake and excretion of chloride -- 20. Anion-cation excretion: acid-base balance -- 21. Water balance -- 22. Experimental diabetes insipidus -- References.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468442922
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1 Introduction -- I Institutional and Cultural Patterns -- 2 Nature of Prison Exploitation -- 3 Prison Setting and Sexual Scene -- 4 Behavior, Sexual Orientation, and Ethnicity -- II The Jockers, Punks, and Sissies -- 5 Male Sexual Relationships -- 6 The Punks in Prison -- 7 Behavior and Attitudes of the Homosexuals -- 8 Types of Homosexuals in Prison -- III Reactions to Sex in Prison -- 9 Inmate Attitudes Toward Homosexuality -- 10 Staff Attitudes Toward Homosexuality -- 11 Prison Policy, Programs, and Change -- Appendix A: Questionnaires -- Appendix B: Tables.
    Abstract: "Barry" is a seventeen-year-old single white male. He has blond hair and blue eyes, weighs 150 pounds, and is five feet eleven inches tall. He was arrested in California at age sixteen for assault and robbery. Because he was underage he was initially segregated in a one-man cell while in county jail. Then, upon admission to a state prison recep­ tion and classification facility, he was housed in a special dormitory for young, inexperienced inmates who would be at risk within the general population. Upon completion of his screening Barry's counselor recommended that he be sent to a penal institution reserved for the younger, more violence-prone, and hard­ core inmates. Barry said that he felt he would have "prob­ lems" at the recommended facility, but his counselor replied, "You won't have any problems." Once he arrived, Barry was double-celled with a nineteen-year-old inmate who beat and anally raped him during his first night in the admission unit. Barry's cellmate continued to assault him sexually during the two weeks they were housed together.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1 Introduction -- I Institutional and Cultural Patterns -- 2 Nature of Prison Exploitation -- 3 Prison Setting and Sexual Scene -- 4 Behavior, Sexual Orientation, and Ethnicity -- II The Jockers, Punks, and Sissies -- 5 Male Sexual Relationships -- 6 The Punks in Prison -- 7 Behavior and Attitudes of the Homosexuals -- 8 Types of Homosexuals in Prison -- III Reactions to Sex in Prison -- 9 Inmate Attitudes Toward Homosexuality -- 10 Staff Attitudes Toward Homosexuality -- 11 Prison Policy, Programs, and Change -- Appendix A: Questionnaires -- Appendix B: Tables.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468464849
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Mathematical analysis. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Squares, Square Roots, and the Quadratic Formula -- The Definition -- Example: ?67.89 -- The Algorithm -- Example: ?100 -- Exercises -- Problems -- 2 More Functions and Graphs -- Definition: Limits of Sequences -- Example: x3-3x-1=0 -- Finding z3 with another Algorithm -- Finding z3 with Synthetic Division -- Example: 4x3+3x2-2x-1=0 -- Exercises -- Problems -- 3 Limits and Continuity -- Example: ƒ(x)=3x+4 -- Examples: Theorems for Sums and Products -- Examples: Limits of Quotients -- Exercises -- Problems -- 4 Differentiation, Derivatives, and Differentials -- Example: ƒ(x)=x2 -- Example: ƒ(x)=1/x -- Rules for Differentiation -- Derivatives for Polynomials -- Example: The Derivative of ?x -- Differentials -- Example: ?103, Example: ?142.3 -- Example: Painting a Cube -- Composites and Inverses -- Exercises -- Problems -- 5 Maxima, Minima, and the Mean Value Theorem -- Example: A Minimal Fence -- The Mean Value Theorem -- Example: Car Speed -- Example: Painting a Cube -- Exercises -- Problems -- 6 Trigonometric Functions -- Angles -- Trig Functions -- Triangles -- Example: The Derivative for sin x -- Derivatives for Trig Functions -- Example: ƒ(x)=x sin x-1 -- Inverse Trig Functions -- Example: ƒ(x)=2 arcsin x-3 -- Exercises -- Problems -- 7 Definite Integrals -- Example: ? and the Area of a Disc -- Riemann Sums and the Integral -- Example: The Area under ƒ(x)=x sin x -- Average Values -- Fundamental Theorems -- Trapezoidal Sums -- Example: The Sine Integral -- Exercises -- Problems -- 8 Logarithms and Exponentials -- The Definition of Logarithm -- Example: In 2 -- The Graph of In x -- Exponentials -- Example: A Calculation of e -- Example: Compound Interest and Growth -- Example: Carbon Dating and Decay -- Exercises -- Problems -- 9 Volumes -- Example: The Slab Method for a Cone -- Example: The Slab Method for a Ball -- Example: The Shell Method for a Cone -- Exercises -- Problems -- 10 Curves and Polar Coordinates -- Example: ƒ(x)=2?x -- Example: g(x)=x2/4 -- Example: Parametric Equations and the Exponential Spiral -- Polar Coordinates -- Example: The Spiral of Archimedes -- Exercises -- Problems -- 11 Sequences and Series -- The Definitions -- Example: The Harmonic Series -- Example: p-Series -- Geometric Series -- Example: An Alternating Series -- Example: Estimation of Remainders by Integrals -- Example: Estimation of Remainders for Alternating Series -- Example: Remainders Compared to Geometric Series -- Round-off -- Exercises -- Problems -- 12 Power Series -- The Theorems -- Example: ex -- Taylor Polynomials -- The Remainder Function -- Example: The Calculation of ex -- Example: Alternative Methods for ex -- Exercises -- Problems -- 13 Taylor Series -- Taylor’s Theorem -- Example: In x -- Newton’s Method -- Example: 2x+1= eX -- Example: ƒ(x)=(x-l)/x2 -- Example: Integrating the Sine Integral with Series -- Example: The Fresnel Integral -- The Error in Series Integration -- Example: l/(l-x2) -- Exercises -- Problems -- 14 Differential Equations -- Example: y’=ky and Exponential Growth -- Some Definitions -- Separable Variables -- Example: The Rumor DE -- Example: Series Solution by Computed Coefficients for y’ = 2xy -- Example: Series Solution by Undetermined Coefficients for y’-x-y -- Example: A Stepwise Process -- Exercises -- Problems -- Appendix: Some Calculation Techniques and Machine Tricks -- Invisible Registers -- Program Records -- Rewriting Formulas -- Constant Arithmetic -- Factoring Integers -- Integer Parts and Conversion of Decimals -- Polynomial Evaluation and Synthetic Division -- Taylor Series Evaluation -- Artificial Scientific Notation -- Round-off, Overflow, and Underflow -- Handling Large Exponents -- Machine Damage and Error -- Reference data and Formulas -- Greek Alphabet -- Mathematical Constants -- Conversion of Units -- Algebra -- Geometry -- Ellipse; Center at Origin -- Hyperbola; Center at Origin -- Trigonometric Functions -- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions -- Differentiation -- Integration Formulas -- Indefinite Integrals.
    Abstract: How THIS BOOK DIFFERS This book is about the calculus. What distinguishes it, however, from other books is that it uses the pocket calculator to illustrate the theory. A computation that requires hours of labor when done by hand with tables is quite inappropriate as an example or exercise in a beginning calculus course. But that same computation can become a delicate illustration of the theory when the student does it in seconds on his calculator. t Furthermore, the student's own personal involvement and easy accomplishment give hi~ reassurance and en­ couragement. The machine is like a microscope, and its magnification is a hundred millionfold. We shall be interested in limits, and no stage of numerical approximation proves anything about the limit. However, the derivative of fex) = 67.SgX, for instance, acquires real meaning when a student first appreciates its values as numbers, as limits of 10 100 1000 t A quick example is 1.1 , 1.01 , 1.001 , •••• Another example is t = 0.1, 0.01, in the function e/3t+9-3)/t. ix difference quotients of numbers, rather than as values of a function that is itself the result of abstract manipulation.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Squares, Square Roots, and the Quadratic FormulaThe Definition -- Example: ?67.89 -- The Algorithm -- Example: ?100 -- Exercises -- Problems -- 2 More Functions and Graphs -- Definition: Limits of Sequences -- Example: x3-3x-1=0 -- Finding z3 with another Algorithm -- Finding z3 with Synthetic Division -- Example: 4x3+3x2-2x-1=0 -- Exercises -- Problems -- 3 Limits and Continuity -- Example: ƒ(x)=3x+4 -- Examples: Theorems for Sums and Products -- Examples: Limits of Quotients -- Exercises -- Problems -- 4 Differentiation, Derivatives, and Differentials -- Example: ƒ(x)=x2 -- Example: ƒ(x)=1/x -- Rules for Differentiation -- Derivatives for Polynomials -- Example: The Derivative of ?x -- Differentials -- Example: ?103, Example: ?142.3 -- Example: Painting a Cube -- Composites and Inverses -- Exercises -- Problems -- 5 Maxima, Minima, and the Mean Value Theorem -- Example: A Minimal Fence -- The Mean Value Theorem -- Example: Car Speed -- Example: Painting a Cube -- Exercises -- Problems -- 6 Trigonometric Functions -- Angles -- Trig Functions -- Triangles -- Example: The Derivative for sin x -- Derivatives for Trig Functions -- Example: ƒ(x)=x sin x-1 -- Inverse Trig Functions -- Example: ƒ(x)=2 arcsin x-3 -- Exercises -- Problems -- 7 Definite Integrals -- Example: ? and the Area of a Disc -- Riemann Sums and the Integral -- Example: The Area under ƒ(x)=x sin x -- Average Values -- Fundamental Theorems -- Trapezoidal Sums -- Example: The Sine Integral -- Exercises -- Problems -- 8 Logarithms and Exponentials -- The Definition of Logarithm -- Example: In 2 -- The Graph of In x -- Exponentials -- Example: A Calculation of e -- Example: Compound Interest and Growth -- Example: Carbon Dating and Decay -- Exercises -- Problems -- 9 Volumes -- Example: The Slab Method for a Cone -- Example: The Slab Method for a Ball -- Example: The Shell Method for a Cone -- Exercises -- Problems -- 10 Curves and Polar Coordinates -- Example: ƒ(x)=2?x -- Example: g(x)=x2/4 -- Example: Parametric Equations and the Exponential Spiral -- Polar Coordinates -- Example: The Spiral of Archimedes -- Exercises -- Problems -- 11 Sequences and Series -- The Definitions -- Example: The Harmonic Series -- Example: p-Series -- Geometric Series -- Example: An Alternating Series -- Example: Estimation of Remainders by Integrals -- Example: Estimation of Remainders for Alternating Series -- Example: Remainders Compared to Geometric Series -- Round-off -- Exercises -- Problems -- 12 Power Series -- The Theorems -- Example: ex -- Taylor Polynomials -- The Remainder Function -- Example: The Calculation of ex -- Example: Alternative Methods for ex -- Exercises -- Problems -- 13 Taylor Series -- Taylor’s Theorem -- Example: In x -- Newton’s Method -- Example: 2x+1= eX -- Example: ƒ(x)=(x-l)/x2 -- Example: Integrating the Sine Integral with Series -- Example: The Fresnel Integral -- The Error in Series Integration -- Example: l/(l-x2) -- Exercises -- Problems -- 14 Differential Equations -- Example: y’=ky and Exponential Growth -- Some Definitions -- Separable Variables -- Example: The Rumor DE -- Example: Series Solution by Computed Coefficients for y’ = 2xy -- Example: Series Solution by Undetermined Coefficients for y’-x-y -- Example: A Stepwise Process -- Exercises -- Problems -- Appendix: Some Calculation Techniques and Machine Tricks -- Invisible Registers -- Program Records -- Rewriting Formulas -- Constant Arithmetic -- Factoring Integers -- Integer Parts and Conversion of Decimals -- Polynomial Evaluation and Synthetic Division -- Taylor Series Evaluation -- Artificial Scientific Notation -- Round-off, Overflow, and Underflow -- Handling Large Exponents -- Machine Damage and Error -- Reference data and Formulas -- Greek Alphabet -- Mathematical Constants -- Conversion of Units -- Algebra -- Geometry -- Ellipse; Center at Origin -- Hyperbola; Center at Origin -- Trigonometric Functions -- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions -- Differentiation -- Integration Formulas -- Indefinite Integrals.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468466898
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Introduction -- 1 The Bacterial Cell -- Two: Gene Expression -- 2 RNA and Protein Production -- 3 Mutation -- Three: Gene Transfer -- 4 Plasmids -- 5 Bacteriophages -- 6 Reactions of DNA -- 7 Investigation of Gene Structure and Function -- Four: Gene Regulation -- 8 Operon Control -- 9 Control of Bacterial Gene Expression -- 10 Control of Extrachromosomal Genetic Elements.
    Abstract: My aim in writing Gene Function has been to present an up-to-date picture ofthe molecular biology of Escherichia coli. I have not attempted a chronological description, believing that a mechanistic account is more useful for such a highly developed field. I have divided the book into four parts. Part I is a general introduction to bacterial systems, their genetic material, structure, composition and growth. It has seemed desirable to include herein a brief preview of the remaining text, to introduce the nomenclature and to help place subsequent chapters in perspective. The expression of genetic material and its perturbation through mutation is considered in Part II. Part III discusses how the transfer of prokaryotic genetic material can be mediated by plasmids and bacteriophages. It describes the DNA transactions involved (replication, recombination and repair) and ends with a description of the genetic and biochemical techniques employed in the study of gene organisation. Finally, Part IV considers the control of expression of bacterial, plasmid and phage genes. Key reviews are listed at the end of each chapter.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Introduction1 The Bacterial Cell -- Two: Gene Expression -- 2 RNA and Protein Production -- 3 Mutation -- Three: Gene Transfer -- 4 Plasmids -- 5 Bacteriophages -- 6 Reactions of DNA -- 7 Investigation of Gene Structure and Function -- Four: Gene Regulation -- 8 Operon Control -- 9 Control of Bacterial Gene Expression -- 10 Control of Extrachromosomal Genetic Elements.
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  • 66
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468466294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Independent Inventor -- Can Inventing Be Taught? -- 1. Basic Ideas About Inventing -- What Is Invention? -- What Is Not an Invention? -- The Areas of Invention -- Kinds of Invention -- 2. Some Fundamental Principles of Technology -- Energy and Its Forms -- The Transfer of Energy and Material -- The Storage of Energy -- Order and Chaos -- Some General Concepts -- Associated Art Effect -- 3. The Anatomy of a Patent -- The Patent -- Structure of the Patent -- Patents As Technical Literature -- How To Conduct a Patent Search -- Libraries which Contain Complete Sets of Patents -- Other Sources of Information -- 4. The Inventive Process -- Preliminary Considerations -- Problem Definition and Problem Assignment -- The Enhancement of Creativity -- Matrix Methods -- Changing Viewpoints Method -- Question Asking Methods -- Updating and Adaptation -- Biological Modeling -- Analysis and Synthesis -- Group Methods -- Warm Up Methods -- Pitfalls -- 5. Underlying Principles of Some Recent Developments -- Motorized Drum — Combination of Two Functions -- Plug-In Switch — Problem Analysis Followed by Specific Solution -- One Piece Racquet — List of Shortcomings of Present Art -- Ultrasonic Ranging — Biological Modeling -- Roto-Jet® Pump — Function Reversal -- Push Pedal Bicycle — Listing, Analysis, Association -- Holography and Human Memory — Adaptation and Cross Fertilization -- 6. Planning the Experiment -- General Principles of Experiment Planning -- Steps in Experiment Layout -- Simplification -- Chemical Processes and Compositions of Matter -- Overlooked Primary Factors -- Summary -- 7. Apparatus Construction, Measurements and Data Handling -- Sketching and Drawing -- Model Making -- Measurement Taking -- Transduction -- Measurement System Design -- Data Handling -- 8. The Psychology of Invention -- Motivation -- Inner Needs -- Maturity -- Thought Processes -- 9. Obtaining a Patent -- Patent Services -- Costs -- Working with an Attorney or Agent -- The Patenting Procedure -- 10. Making Your Invention Pay -- Basic Considerations -- Exploring the Possibilities -- The Patented Idea -- Locating Buyers -- Patent Development Companies and Brokers -- Manufacturing the Invention -- Miscellaneous Considerations -- 11. Invention Into Enterprise — Some Case Histories -- Fusion Systems Corporation -- Correlation Music Industries -- Dave Benedict Crossbows -- Gravity Dynamics Corporation -- 12. Legislative Changes and the Inventor -- Shortcomings of the System -- Proposed Legislative Changes -- European Patent Organization -- Recent Court Decisions.
    Abstract: The Independent Inventor Most persons have at some time in their lives invented somethin- perhaps a gadget for making some task easier or a method for increas­ ing the economy of an everyday operation. Aside from a certain degree of personal satisfaction, the great majority of these inven­ tions have never yielded their creators any amount of real return. In many instances, the fault has been with the inventor himself, who made little or no effort beyond writing down the bright idea. In a significant number of cases, however, the problem has arisen from a general lack of knowledge of what to do about a promising idea. The individual who works full time in a non-technical job usually has no guidance for proceeding in a logical, professional way towards effec­ tive development and utilization of his invention. Several other factors are responsible for the considerable waste we see in the handling of inventions. Perhaps the most significant of these factors is an incomplete awareness of prior art. A stenographer dreams up a device to facilitate the distribution of incoming mail. She feels that the idea is so simple that others must have patented it long ago and so she goes no further with the concept. At the other extreme is the garage mechanic who invents a new type of wrench.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Independent InventorCan Inventing Be Taught? -- 1. Basic Ideas About Inventing -- What Is Invention? -- What Is Not an Invention? -- The Areas of Invention -- Kinds of Invention -- 2. Some Fundamental Principles of Technology -- Energy and Its Forms -- The Transfer of Energy and Material -- The Storage of Energy -- Order and Chaos -- Some General Concepts -- Associated Art Effect -- 3. The Anatomy of a Patent -- The Patent -- Structure of the Patent -- Patents As Technical Literature -- How To Conduct a Patent Search -- Libraries which Contain Complete Sets of Patents -- Other Sources of Information -- 4. The Inventive Process -- Preliminary Considerations -- Problem Definition and Problem Assignment -- The Enhancement of Creativity -- Matrix Methods -- Changing Viewpoints Method -- Question Asking Methods -- Updating and Adaptation -- Biological Modeling -- Analysis and Synthesis -- Group Methods -- Warm Up Methods -- Pitfalls -- 5. Underlying Principles of Some Recent Developments -- Motorized Drum - Combination of Two Functions -- Plug-In Switch - Problem Analysis Followed by Specific Solution -- One Piece Racquet - List of Shortcomings of Present Art -- Ultrasonic Ranging - Biological Modeling -- Roto-Jet® Pump - Function Reversal -- Push Pedal Bicycle - Listing, Analysis, Association -- Holography and Human Memory - Adaptation and Cross Fertilization -- 6. Planning the Experiment -- General Principles of Experiment Planning -- Steps in Experiment Layout -- Simplification -- Chemical Processes and Compositions of Matter -- Overlooked Primary Factors -- Summary -- 7. Apparatus Construction, Measurements and Data Handling -- Sketching and Drawing -- Model Making -- Measurement Taking -- Transduction -- Measurement System Design -- Data Handling -- 8. The Psychology of Invention -- Motivation -- Inner Needs -- Maturity -- Thought Processes -- 9. Obtaining a Patent -- Patent Services -- Costs -- Working with an Attorney or Agent -- The Patenting Procedure -- 10. Making Your Invention Pay -- Basic Considerations -- Exploring the Possibilities -- The Patented Idea -- Locating Buyers -- Patent Development Companies and Brokers -- Manufacturing the Invention -- Miscellaneous Considerations -- 11. Invention Into Enterprise - Some Case Histories -- Fusion Systems Corporation -- Correlation Music Industries -- Dave Benedict Crossbows -- Gravity Dynamics Corporation -- 12. Legislative Changes and the Inventor -- Shortcomings of the System -- Proposed Legislative Changes -- European Patent Organization -- Recent Court Decisions.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9781468490992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics
    Abstract: Reanalysis as a source of semantic change -- References as parts of speech acts in the education of mathematics -- The growth of language structure: a report -- Investigating knowledge of chemistry trough a study of language -- Wittgenstein and cognitive theory -- The discrepancy between cognitive and linguistic abilities in the young child -- Summary of the first discussion session -- A few problems relating to the semantic representation of argumentation -- The development of control of language in mathematical activity -- The differentiation of negative statements between the ages of 12 and 15 years -- Semantic development of simple classification terms -- The child’s construction of the social order of the classroom -- A metalanguage of syntactic description -- Summary of the second discussion session -- The learning of algorithmic concepts by action: A study with deaf children -- Language, reading and mathematics -- Example of auxiliary formalisms used to help the development of children’s logical thinking -- Mathematics as an extension of language -- Summary of the third discussion session -- The relationship between comprehension and production and its ontogenesis -- Ambiguities in the description of a geometrical figure -- On the relation between language comprehension and language production in a social psychological perspective -- Are speech production and speech comprehension distinct processes? -- EEG activity during speech perception -- Structural commonalities between comprehension and production products of monitoring and anticipation -- Recognition and production: two different skills -- Summary of the fourth discussion session (Production and recognition) -- The “range” of a question as a perceived intention of the scope of information needed -- Answering questions -- Questioning and intentionality in language -- Remarks on direct questions and direct answers -- Summary of the fifth discussion session (Question-answer systems) -- Some dissimilarities in the general aims of teachers who teach French as a mother tongue at the end of school and the beginning of secondary school -- An approach to school interlocution situations Analysis of a few examples -- The influence of the formulation of multiple choice questionnaires on the answering behaviour in relation to so-called “logic” problems -- Implications of a relativistic evaluative-meaning concept for persuasive communication -- Comparison between the evolution of the visual exploration and the narration of a strip cartoon In children from 6 to 7 years old, from constrasting socio-economic backgrounds -- Children’s judgments of inappropriate speech acts -- Social and situational constraints on communicative performance -- Summary of the sixth discussion session (Context and use of language) -- Some aspects of the relationship to mathematics of children who fail in elementary schooling -- Language acquisition by a child living in an institutional environment -- Genesis of language behaviours and acquisition situation application to story telling -- Communication situations and language acquisition -- Style of verbal exchange at the age of 8 and 11 -- Language acquisition by the mentally retarded: the problem of delay-difference and advanced linguistic development -- Summary of the seventh discussion session (Context and language acquisition) -- Can apes tell us what language is? -- General conclusion -- Contextual linguistics Synthesis session — future projects -- Addresses of the authors.
    Abstract: F. LOWENTHAL University of Mons Mons, Belgium In September 1980, researchers from many different countries and working in disciplines as varied as philosophy, psychology, neurology, mathematics, education, linguistics, sociology, and others we forget to mention, again met in Mons to discuss problems concerning Language and Language Acquisition. Conflicting opinions among researchers not only from different disciplines, but also within a same discipline, led to many a lively discussion. This book attempts to recreate the atmosphere of the conference, by reproducing the different papers, some of which were rewritten after the initial presentation and discussion-session, and by giving a summary of each discussion session to enable the reader to understand how each participant reacted. Obviously, we accept full responsibility for these summaries: we hope we have understood correctly what each participant meant. This also holds for the special session devoted to an attempt to define the concept of "language". We suggest that further meetings should study language and context simultaneously, within the framework of a "CONTEXTUAL LINGUISTICS".
    Description / Table of Contents: Reanalysis as a source of semantic changeReferences as parts of speech acts in the education of mathematics -- The growth of language structure: a report -- Investigating knowledge of chemistry trough a study of language -- Wittgenstein and cognitive theory -- The discrepancy between cognitive and linguistic abilities in the young child -- Summary of the first discussion session -- A few problems relating to the semantic representation of argumentation -- The development of control of language in mathematical activity -- The differentiation of negative statements between the ages of 12 and 15 years -- Semantic development of simple classification terms -- The child’s construction of the social order of the classroom -- A metalanguage of syntactic description -- Summary of the second discussion session -- The learning of algorithmic concepts by action: A study with deaf children -- Language, reading and mathematics -- Example of auxiliary formalisms used to help the development of children’s logical thinking -- Mathematics as an extension of language -- Summary of the third discussion session -- The relationship between comprehension and production and its ontogenesis -- Ambiguities in the description of a geometrical figure -- On the relation between language comprehension and language production in a social psychological perspective -- Are speech production and speech comprehension distinct processes? -- EEG activity during speech perception -- Structural commonalities between comprehension and production products of monitoring and anticipation -- Recognition and production: two different skills -- Summary of the fourth discussion session (Production and recognition) -- The “range” of a question as a perceived intention of the scope of information needed -- Answering questions -- Questioning and intentionality in language -- Remarks on direct questions and direct answers -- Summary of the fifth discussion session (Question-answer systems) -- Some dissimilarities in the general aims of teachers who teach French as a mother tongue at the end of school and the beginning of secondary school -- An approach to school interlocution situations Analysis of a few examples -- The influence of the formulation of multiple choice questionnaires on the answering behaviour in relation to so-called “logic” problems -- Implications of a relativistic evaluative-meaning concept for persuasive communication -- Comparison between the evolution of the visual exploration and the narration of a strip cartoon In children from 6 to 7 years old, from constrasting socio-economic backgrounds -- Children’s judgments of inappropriate speech acts -- Social and situational constraints on communicative performance -- Summary of the sixth discussion session (Context and use of language) -- Some aspects of the relationship to mathematics of children who fail in elementary schooling -- Language acquisition by a child living in an institutional environment -- Genesis of language behaviours and acquisition situation application to story telling -- Communication situations and language acquisition -- Style of verbal exchange at the age of 8 and 11 -- Language acquisition by the mentally retarded: the problem of delay-difference and advanced linguistic development -- Summary of the seventh discussion session (Context and language acquisition) -- Can apes tell us what language is? -- General conclusion -- Contextual linguistics Synthesis session - future projects -- Addresses of the authors.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468491371
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (606p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: Architecture as Identity, I: The Essence of Architecture -- Theory and Practice at the Crossroads--A Peircean Perspective on Political Signs -- System and Observer in Semiotic Modeling: An Essay on Semiotic Realism -- Architectural Criticism as a Means to Identify Socially Shared Values: The Case of the East Building of the National Gallery -- Buildings as Symbols of Political Ideology -- Peirce’s Anticipation of Game Theoretic Logic and Semantics -- Mind, Object, Object, Artifact II -- The Reference Relation in Music -- SI MUOVE, MA NON TROPO: An Inquiry into the Non-metaphorical Status of Idioms and Phrases -- Symbolic Use of Weaving Designs: A Case Study -- Antecedents to Peirce’s Notion of Iconic Signs -- On Discovering the Semiotic Organization of the Lexicon: State of Health as a Multifaceted Domain -- Notes on Text and Performance in the Theatre of Dario Fo -- The Structure of Metaphor -- Forgotten Pioneers of Soviet Semiotics -- On Discovering the Semiotic Organization of Experience: The Public Meanings and Private Meanings of Objects -- One Artist’s Neurosis on Signing -- Explaining Style Growth and Change: A Richer Semiotic Model -- The Rock and Roll Concert: A Semiotic Analysis -- Disemia -- Naturalness Vs. Arbitrariness in the Domain of Color -- Modes of Medical Instruction: A Semiotic Comparison of Textbooks of Medicine and Popular Home Medical Books -- Peirce’s Existential Graphs as the Basis for An Introduction to Logic: Semiosis in the Logic Classroom -- Peirce as Catalyst in Modern Legal Science: Consequences -- A Semiotic Account of Polysemy and Homonymy -- The Semiosis of the Sequence of Signs in a Narrative -- The Impact of Speech-Act Theory and Phenomenology on Proust and Claude Simon -- Semiotic Perspectives on Chinese: A Picturesque Language -- Peirce and Jakobson: Towards a Structuralist Reconstruction of Peirce -- Architecture as Representation of Nature -- The Measurement of Comentropy Transfer Rates -- Towards a Transcultural Semiotic -- The Self-Disclosure Technique for Ethno-Graphic Elicitation -- Conventions of Poetry as Iconic Signs -- Comparative Adjestives in Terms of Peirce’s Phenomenological Categories -- Interpretant and Interpretation -- Tipping Behavior as a Semiotic Process -- The Mark VI: A New Eidometer Design Concept -- The Role of Scientific Paradigms in Empirical semiotics -- Interactive Nonverbal Categories: A Reappraisal and Elaboration -- Reckoning with the World -- On the Paradigm of Experience Appropriate for Semiotics -- Semiotic and Creativity -- The Appearance of Appearance: Architecture, Communication and Value Systems -- What is Evidence Evidence of? -- The Ironic Sign -- Art and Objectivity -- More Than Words Can Say -- A Reconstruction Paradigm for the Experimental Analysis of Semiotic Factors in Cognitive Processing -- Peirce and Greimas from the Viewpoint of Musical Semiotics: An Outline for Comparative Semiotics -- The Application of the Peircean Semiotic to Logic -- Symbolic Configurations and Two-Dimensional Mathematical Notation -- The Perception of Nonverbal Behavior in Function of Visible Access to One or Both Interactants -- Charles Morris and Christian Norberg-Schulz: The Social Basis of Meaning in Architecture -- Toward a Semiotic Beyond Feminism -- The Structure of Categories and the Consequences for Metaphor -- The Poetic Function of the Stage Audience and Embedded Performance in Drama -- Designing Signs that Build the Required Semantics into the Needed Syntax -- A Semiotic Approach to Information Value.
    Abstract: This volume contains the majority of the papers presented at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Semiotic Society of America, held in Lubbock, Texas, October 16-19, 1980. The varied styles topics, methodologies, and intellectual traditions represented here reflect the current state of flux in semiotics--a healthy chaos, in which new ideas vie for survival and experiment is at a premium. Because of this variety, we have kept our editorial in­ terventions to a minimum. In addition, we have refrained from imposing any topical classification. While we could have used the panel titles as a taxonomic principle, this would not have produced a sufficiently even format. We have therefore uti­ lized the alphabetical order of authors' surnames as being os­ tensibly the least "loaded." These Proceedings represent a current view of the "semi­ otic scene," especially in the U.S.A. They also include some work representative of architectural semiotics from the U.K. We have tried to bring the volume to publication rapidly, since the immediacy of the contents would seem to be the pri­ mary asset of any such project. We would like to express the Society's collective grati­ tude to the 1980 Program Committee chaired by Richard Bauman (University of Texas-Austin), the Lubbock Local Arrangements Committee chaired by Nancy P. Hickerson (Texas Tech Universi­ ty), and our special thanks to Laurel Phipps of the School of Continuing Education at Texas Tech University.
    Description / Table of Contents: Architecture as Identity, I: The Essence of ArchitectureTheory and Practice at the Crossroads--A Peircean Perspective on Political Signs -- System and Observer in Semiotic Modeling: An Essay on Semiotic Realism -- Architectural Criticism as a Means to Identify Socially Shared Values: The Case of the East Building of the National Gallery -- Buildings as Symbols of Political Ideology -- Peirce’s Anticipation of Game Theoretic Logic and Semantics -- Mind, Object, Object, Artifact II -- The Reference Relation in Music -- SI MUOVE, MA NON TROPO: An Inquiry into the Non-metaphorical Status of Idioms and Phrases -- Symbolic Use of Weaving Designs: A Case Study -- Antecedents to Peirce’s Notion of Iconic Signs -- On Discovering the Semiotic Organization of the Lexicon: State of Health as a Multifaceted Domain -- Notes on Text and Performance in the Theatre of Dario Fo -- The Structure of Metaphor -- Forgotten Pioneers of Soviet Semiotics -- On Discovering the Semiotic Organization of Experience: The Public Meanings and Private Meanings of Objects -- One Artist’s Neurosis on Signing -- Explaining Style Growth and Change: A Richer Semiotic Model -- The Rock and Roll Concert: A Semiotic Analysis -- Disemia -- Naturalness Vs. Arbitrariness in the Domain of Color -- Modes of Medical Instruction: A Semiotic Comparison of Textbooks of Medicine and Popular Home Medical Books -- Peirce’s Existential Graphs as the Basis for An Introduction to Logic: Semiosis in the Logic Classroom -- Peirce as Catalyst in Modern Legal Science: Consequences -- A Semiotic Account of Polysemy and Homonymy -- The Semiosis of the Sequence of Signs in a Narrative -- The Impact of Speech-Act Theory and Phenomenology on Proust and Claude Simon -- Semiotic Perspectives on Chinese: A Picturesque Language -- Peirce and Jakobson: Towards a Structuralist Reconstruction of Peirce -- Architecture as Representation of Nature -- The Measurement of Comentropy Transfer Rates -- Towards a Transcultural Semiotic -- The Self-Disclosure Technique for Ethno-Graphic Elicitation -- Conventions of Poetry as Iconic Signs -- Comparative Adjestives in Terms of Peirce’s Phenomenological Categories -- Interpretant and Interpretation -- Tipping Behavior as a Semiotic Process -- The Mark VI: A New Eidometer Design Concept -- The Role of Scientific Paradigms in Empirical semiotics -- Interactive Nonverbal Categories: A Reappraisal and Elaboration -- Reckoning with the World -- On the Paradigm of Experience Appropriate for Semiotics -- Semiotic and Creativity -- The Appearance of Appearance: Architecture, Communication and Value Systems -- What is Evidence Evidence of? -- The Ironic Sign -- Art and Objectivity -- More Than Words Can Say -- A Reconstruction Paradigm for the Experimental Analysis of Semiotic Factors in Cognitive Processing -- Peirce and Greimas from the Viewpoint of Musical Semiotics: An Outline for Comparative Semiotics -- The Application of the Peircean Semiotic to Logic -- Symbolic Configurations and Two-Dimensional Mathematical Notation -- The Perception of Nonverbal Behavior in Function of Visible Access to One or Both Interactants -- Charles Morris and Christian Norberg-Schulz: The Social Basis of Meaning in Architecture -- Toward a Semiotic Beyond Feminism -- The Structure of Categories and the Consequences for Metaphor -- The Poetic Function of the Stage Audience and Embedded Performance in Drama -- Designing Signs that Build the Required Semantics into the Needed Syntax -- A Semiotic Approach to Information Value.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461571391
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 786 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 An Overview of Composites -- Section I Raw Materials -- 2 Unsaturated Polyester Resins -- 3 Vinyl Ester Resins -- 4 Polybutadiene Resins -- 5 Epoxy Resins -- 6 High-temperature Resins -- 7 Glass-filled Thermoplastics -- 8 Fiberglass Reinforcement -- 9 High Silica and Quartz -- 10 Boron and Other High-strength, High-modulus, Low-density Filamentary Reinforcing Agents -- 11 Graphite Fibers and Composites -- 12 Aramid Fibers and Composites -- Section II Processing Methods -- 13 Hand Lay-up Techniques -- 14 Bag Molding Processes -- 15 Thermoset Matched Die Molding -- 16 Filament Winding -- 17 Continuous Manufacturing Processes -- 18 Fabrication of Advanced Composites -- 19 Environmental Effects on Properties of Composites -- Section III Design -- 20 Design and Analysis of Advanced Composite Structures -- 21 Sandwich Construction -- 22 Joining and Machining Techniques -- 23 Release Agents -- 24 Testing of Reinforced Plastics -- 25 Nondestructive Test Methods -- Section IV Applications -- 26 Composites in Land Transportation -- 27 Marine Applications -- 28 Aerospace Applications of Composites -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C.
    Abstract: The development of advanced composites, tion. Forecasts indicate that the potential spanning a brief period from inception to usage in automobiles in the early 1990's will application of only 15 to 20 years, epitomizes amount to millions of pounds of advanced the rapidity with which a generation's change composites. in the state-of-the-art can take place. This is in We find ourselves in a peculiar position. marked contrast to past history, in which it The hardware capability is progressing so has usually required 25 years or more of rapidly that the knowledge and familiarity of research before a new structural material was the designer can hardly keep pace. We have an technologically ready. obligation now not just to mature this ad­ In the mid-1950's the U.S. Air Force identi­ vanced technology and its applications, but fied the promise for early application of a new also to communicate the state-of-the-art to the class of materials-advanced composites­ designer in a form in which it can be applied and established its feasibility by the fabrication readily to practical structures. I believe that of raw fiber with exceptional strength- and this book, Handbook of Composites, will modulus-to-weight ratios. The practical fabrica­ clearly provide a portion of this missing link.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468441727
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: 1. Families as Facilitators of Children’s Intellectual Development at 3 Years of Age: A Causal Analysis -- 2. The Relationship between Parental Distancing Strategies and the Child’s Cognitive Behavior -- 3. Family Environments and the Acquisition of Reading Skills: Toward a More Precise Analysis -- 4. Some American Families at Dinner -- 5. Play as a Context for Early Learning: Lab and Home Analyses -- 6. On the Familial Origins of Personality and Social Style -- 7. Variation in Infant Experience Associated with Alternative Family Roles -- 8. Family Day Care: The Role of the Surrogate Mother -- 9. The Relationship between Parents’ Beliefs about Development and Family Constellation, Socioeconomic Status, and Parents’ Teaching Strategies -- 10. The Role of Categorization in the Socialization Process: How Parents and Older Siblings Cognitively Organize Child Behavior -- 11. Learning to Do Things without Help -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The chapters in this volume reflect the work and thoughts of a group of researchers interested in studying families as learning environments for children. As we proceed in our quest to identify and understand with some specificity the familial factors associated with the intellectual and social development of children, the time is ripe for the reintroduction of families as units of study in psychological and educational research. With the increasing focus on the changing organization of the modern family, it is of more than academic interest to identify those variables that play a significant role in the child's development. Such knowledge certainly should help in the planning and design of appropriate and credible applications. These chapters, representing a broad spectrum of research, derive from papers presented and discussed at a working conference on families as learning environments sponsored by Educational Testing Service in Prince­ ton, New Jersey. Following the conference, the papers were revised and edited for inclusion in this volume. We are indebted to a number of people whose contributions helped make the conference a success: Samuel J. Messick and Winton H. Manning for their support; Jan Flaugher, Jessie Cryer, Linda Kozelski, and Betty Clausen for assistance with local arrangements; and William Nemceff, Kathleen Lingle, and Kalina Gonska for help with the audio-recording of the proceedings. LUIS M. LAOSA IRVING E. SIGEL vii Contents Introduction ..................................... Xl Luis M. Laosa Chapter 1. Families as Facilitators of Children's Intellectual Development at 3 Years of Age: A Causal Analysis ........................................ .
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9781461592037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I -Photophysics and Photochemistry of Biological Molecules -- Time-Resolved Chromophore Resonance Raman and Protein Fluorescence of Intermediates in some Photobiological Changes -- Synchrotron Radiation Sources for Photobiology and Ultraviolet, Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy -- Photoacoustic Methods Applied to Biological Systems -- Dynamics of Heme Proteins -- Measurement of Rotational Diffusion of Membrane Proteins Using Optical Probes -- Flow Sorting on the Basis of Morphology and Topology -- Primary Processes in the Photochemistry of Proteins -- Models of Photoregulation -- U.V. Induced Formation of Polynucleotide-Protein Cross-linkages as a Tool for Investigation of the Nucleoprotein Structure and Function -- Round Table Summary: Endogeneous and Exogeneous Inhibitors and Sensitizers. Fundamental Aspects -- Round Table Summary: Prebiotic Photochemistry and Photochemical Reactions in Space -- Bioluminescence and its Applications -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Physical and Biophysical Aspects -- II -Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis and DNA Repair -- Cell Inactivation and Mutagenesis by Solar Ultraviolet Radiation -- Photoreactivation of Pyrimidine Dimers Generated by a Photosensitized Reaction in RNA of Insect Embryos (Smittia Spec.) -- Molecular Aspects of Error Prone Repair in Escherichia Coli -- Round Table Summary: Genetic Engineering and DNA Repair -- Aspects of Radiation-Induced Mutagenesis and Malignant Transformation -- Genetic Aspects of Repair Deficiency and Skin Cancer -- Immunologic Aspects of U.V. Carcinogenesis -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Biochemical and Genetic Aspects -- III -Photomedicine -- Skin: Structure, Natural and Therapeutical Targets of Ultra-Violet Radiation -- Photochemical Reactions of Furocoumarins -- A Photochemical Characterization of Reactions of Psoralen Derivatives with DNA -- Photobiology of Furocoumarins -- Photochemotherapy with Furocoumarins [Psoralens] -- Advances in Phototherapy of Skin Diseases -- Advances in Phototherapy of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia -- Photodynamic Therapy of Infections -- L’Utilisation du Laser en Ophtalmologie -- Ultraviolet Prophylaxis of Adverse Effects of Environmental Chemicals on Organisms -- Round Table Summary: Usage and Testing of Sunscreens -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Medical Aspects -- IV -Photophysiology -- Visual Rhodopsin and Phototransduction in the Vertebrate Retina -- Photoregulation of E.coli Growth -- Photomovements of Microorganisms -- The Mechanism of the Circadian Rhythm of Photosynthesis -- Photoregulation of Neuroendocrine Rhythms -- The Effects of Artificial and Natural Sunlight upon some Psychosomatic Parameters of the Human Organism -- Intracellular Location of Phytochrome -- The Role of Phytochrome in the Natural Environment -- Phytochrome and Gene Expression -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Physiological Aspects -- V -Photosynthesis and Bioconversion of Solar Energy -- Organization of the Photosynthetic Pigments and Transfer of the Excitation Energy -- Laser Studies of Primary Processes in Photosynthesis -- Systematic Modification of Electron Transfer Kinetics in a Biological Protein: Replacement of the Primary Ubiquinone of Photochemical Reaction Centers with other Quinones -- Direct Measurement of Light Induced Currents and Potentials Generated by Bacterial Reaction Centers -- Primary and Associated Reactions in Photosystem II -- Biophotolysis of Water for H2 Production using Immobilized and Synthetic Catalysts -- Solar Energy Bioconversion at the Ecosystem Level -- Utilization of Solar Radiation by Phytoplankton -- Limiting Factors in Photosynthesis. From the Chloroplast to the Plant Canopy -- Bioconversion of Solar Energy -- List of Contributors.
    Description / Table of Contents: I -Photophysics and Photochemistry of Biological MoleculesTime-Resolved Chromophore Resonance Raman and Protein Fluorescence of Intermediates in some Photobiological Changes -- Synchrotron Radiation Sources for Photobiology and Ultraviolet, Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy -- Photoacoustic Methods Applied to Biological Systems -- Dynamics of Heme Proteins -- Measurement of Rotational Diffusion of Membrane Proteins Using Optical Probes -- Flow Sorting on the Basis of Morphology and Topology -- Primary Processes in the Photochemistry of Proteins -- Models of Photoregulation -- U.V. Induced Formation of Polynucleotide-Protein Cross-linkages as a Tool for Investigation of the Nucleoprotein Structure and Function -- Round Table Summary: Endogeneous and Exogeneous Inhibitors and Sensitizers. Fundamental Aspects -- Round Table Summary: Prebiotic Photochemistry and Photochemical Reactions in Space -- Bioluminescence and its Applications -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Physical and Biophysical Aspects -- II -Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis and DNA Repair -- Cell Inactivation and Mutagenesis by Solar Ultraviolet Radiation -- Photoreactivation of Pyrimidine Dimers Generated by a Photosensitized Reaction in RNA of Insect Embryos (Smittia Spec.) -- Molecular Aspects of Error Prone Repair in Escherichia Coli -- Round Table Summary: Genetic Engineering and DNA Repair -- Aspects of Radiation-Induced Mutagenesis and Malignant Transformation -- Genetic Aspects of Repair Deficiency and Skin Cancer -- Immunologic Aspects of U.V. Carcinogenesis -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Biochemical and Genetic Aspects -- III -Photomedicine -- Skin: Structure, Natural and Therapeutical Targets of Ultra-Violet Radiation -- Photochemical Reactions of Furocoumarins -- A Photochemical Characterization of Reactions of Psoralen Derivatives with DNA -- Photobiology of Furocoumarins -- Photochemotherapy with Furocoumarins [Psoralens] -- Advances in Phototherapy of Skin Diseases -- Advances in Phototherapy of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia -- Photodynamic Therapy of Infections -- L’Utilisation du Laser en Ophtalmologie -- Ultraviolet Prophylaxis of Adverse Effects of Environmental Chemicals on Organisms -- Round Table Summary: Usage and Testing of Sunscreens -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Medical Aspects -- IV -Photophysiology -- Visual Rhodopsin and Phototransduction in the Vertebrate Retina -- Photoregulation of E.coli Growth -- Photomovements of Microorganisms -- The Mechanism of the Circadian Rhythm of Photosynthesis -- Photoregulation of Neuroendocrine Rhythms -- The Effects of Artificial and Natural Sunlight upon some Psychosomatic Parameters of the Human Organism -- Intracellular Location of Phytochrome -- The Role of Phytochrome in the Natural Environment -- Phytochrome and Gene Expression -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Physiological Aspects -- V -Photosynthesis and Bioconversion of Solar Energy -- Organization of the Photosynthetic Pigments and Transfer of the Excitation Energy -- Laser Studies of Primary Processes in Photosynthesis -- Systematic Modification of Electron Transfer Kinetics in a Biological Protein: Replacement of the Primary Ubiquinone of Photochemical Reaction Centers with other Quinones -- Direct Measurement of Light Induced Currents and Potentials Generated by Bacterial Reaction Centers -- Primary and Associated Reactions in Photosystem II -- Biophotolysis of Water for H2 Production using Immobilized and Synthetic Catalysts -- Solar Energy Bioconversion at the Ecosystem Level -- Utilization of Solar Radiation by Phytoplankton -- Limiting Factors in Photosynthesis. From the Chloroplast to the Plant Canopy -- Bioconversion of Solar Energy -- List of Contributors.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475717242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 533 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Professional education. ; Vocational education.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461308812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: Introductory RemarksI. What is Extracellular Matrix? -- 1 Collagen -- 2 Proteoglycans -- 3 Elastin -- 4 Fibronectin and Other Structural Proteins -- II. How Do Cells Produce the Matrix? -- 5 Proteoglycan Biosynthesis -- 6 Collagen Biosynthesis -- 7 Matrix Assembly -- 8 An Essay on Biological Degradation of Collagen -- III. What Does Matrix Do for Cells? -- 9 Glycosaminoglycans in Morphogenesis -- 10 Fibronectin and Its Relation to Cellular Structure and Behavior -- 11 The Glomerular Basement Membrane: A Selective Macromolecular Filter -- 12 Collagen and Embryonic Development.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461565529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 563 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- 1 A Survey on Biological Rhythms -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Data Analysis -- 4 Mathematical Models -- II Daily Rhythms -- 5 Circadian Systems: General Perspective -- 6 Freerunning and Entrained Circadian Rhythms -- 7 Circadian Systems: Entrainment -- 8 Behavioral Rhythms in Invertebrates -- 9 Neural and Endocrine Control of Circadian Rhythmicity in Invertebrates -- 10 Genetics and Development of Circadian Rhythms in Invertebrates -- 11 Vertebrate Behavioral Rhythms -- 12 Internal Temporal Order -- 13 Neural and Endocrine Control of Circadian Rhythms in the Vertebrates -- 14 Ontogeny of Circadian Rhythms -- 15 Adaptive Daily Strategies in Behavior -- 16 Clock-Controlled Orientation in Space -- 17 The Circadian System of Man -- 18 Rhythms in Performance -- III Tidal, Lunar, and Annual Rhythms -- 19 Tidal and Lunar Rhythms -- 20 Annual Rhythms: Perspective -- 21 Circannual Systems -- 22 Insect Photoperiodism -- 23 Photoperiodism in Vertebrates -- 24 Annual Rhythms in Man -- IV Rhythms Not Directly Related to Environmental Cycles -- 25 Short-Term Rhythms in Activity -- 26 Temporal Characteristics of Sleep -- 27 Cyclic Function of the Mammalian Ovary.
    Abstract: Interest in biological rhythms has been traced back more than 2,500]ears to Archilochus, the Greek poet, who in one of his fragments suggests ",,(i,,(VWO'KE o'olos pv{}J.tos txv{}pW7rOVS ~XH" (recognize what rhythm governs man) (Aschoff, 1974). Reference can also be made to the French student of medicine J. J. Virey who, in his thesis of 1814, used for the first time the expression "horloge vivante" (living clock) to describe daily rhythms and to D. C. W. Hufeland (1779) who called the 24-hour period the unit of our natural chronology. However, it was not until the 1930s that real progress was made in the analysis of biological rhythms; and Erwin Bunning was encouraged to publish the first, and still not outdated, monograph in the field in 1958. Two years later, in the middle of exciting discoveries, we took a breather at the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Biological Clocks. Its survey on rules considered valid at that time, and Pittendrigh's anticipating view on the temporal organization of living systems, made it a milestone on our way from a more formalistic description of biological rhythms to the understanding of their structural and physiological basis.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Introduction1 A Survey on Biological Rhythms -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Data Analysis -- 4 Mathematical Models -- II Daily Rhythms -- 5 Circadian Systems: General Perspective -- 6 Freerunning and Entrained Circadian Rhythms -- 7 Circadian Systems: Entrainment -- 8 Behavioral Rhythms in Invertebrates -- 9 Neural and Endocrine Control of Circadian Rhythmicity in Invertebrates -- 10 Genetics and Development of Circadian Rhythms in Invertebrates -- 11 Vertebrate Behavioral Rhythms -- 12 Internal Temporal Order -- 13 Neural and Endocrine Control of Circadian Rhythms in the Vertebrates -- 14 Ontogeny of Circadian Rhythms -- 15 Adaptive Daily Strategies in Behavior -- 16 Clock-Controlled Orientation in Space -- 17 The Circadian System of Man -- 18 Rhythms in Performance -- III Tidal, Lunar, and Annual Rhythms -- 19 Tidal and Lunar Rhythms -- 20 Annual Rhythms: Perspective -- 21 Circannual Systems -- 22 Insect Photoperiodism -- 23 Photoperiodism in Vertebrates -- 24 Annual Rhythms in Man -- IV Rhythms Not Directly Related to Environmental Cycles -- 25 Short-Term Rhythms in Activity -- 26 Temporal Characteristics of Sleep -- 27 Cyclic Function of the Mammalian Ovary.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9781468440164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (382p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: Prologue -- 1 Collection of Gametes in Laboratory Animals and Preparation of Sperm for in Vitro Fertilization -- Collection of Ova for in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Presently Used for Sperm Collection -- Differences in Sperm as a Function of Collection Method -- Preparation of Ejaculated Sperm for Use in in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Used to Induce Capacitation of Ejaculated Sperm -- References -- 2 Ovum Collection and Induced Luteal Dysfunction in Primates -- Ovum Collection -- Evaluation of Corpus Luteum function -- Induced Folliculogenesis -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 3 Analysis of Culture Media for in Vitro Fertilization and Criteria for Success -- Culture Media -- Criteria for Success -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 In Vitro Culture of the Zygote and Embryo -- General Observations on Fertilization and Early Development in Vitro -- Metabolic Requirements for Embryonic Development in Vitro -- Complex Media and Biological Fluids for Embryo Culture -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Mechanisms of Fertilization in Mammals -- Epididymal Maturation and Capacitation of Spermatozoa -- Acrosome and Acrosome Reaction -- Hyperactivation of Spermatozoa -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Cumulus Oophorus -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Zona Pellucida -- Sperm-Egg Fusion -- Decondensation of the Sperm Nucleus and Development of Sperm and Egg Pronuclei -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 The Mammalian Egg’s Block to Polyspermy -- Zona Reaction -- Zona Reaction Mechanisms -- Egg Plasma Membrane Block -- Block to Polyspermy Mechanisms -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Gamete Interaction in the Sea Urchin A Model for Understanding the Molecular Details of Animal Fertilization -- Fertilization in the Sea Urchin -- The Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm -- Sperm-Specific Surface Antigenicity Common to Seven Animal Phyla -- Isolation of Acrosome Granules and Identification of Bindin as the Major Component Involved in Sperm Adhesion -- Identification of a Bindin Receptor Glycoprotein from the Egg Vitelline Layer -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Awakening of the Invertebrate Egg at Fertilization -- Sperm-Egg Fusion and the Rapid Block to Polyspermy -- Insertion and Localization of Sperm Components in the Egg -- The Cortical Reaction and Extracellular Peroxidative Reactions -- Activation of Egg Metabolism -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Chromosome Aberrations and Mammalian Reproduction -- The Newborn -- Postimplantation Embryos -- Preimplantation Embryos -- Germ Cells -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Effects of Chromosomal Aneuploidy on Early Development Experimental Approaches -- Products of Aneuploid Mouse Embryos -- The Consequences of Monosomy -- Identical Twin Embryos -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Blastocyst Fluid Formation -- Na+/ K+ ATPase and Blastocyst Fluid Accumulation -- Oxygen Consumption and Active Transport -- Developmental Aspects of Solute Transport in Blastocysts -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Water and Electrolyte Transport by Pig Chorioallantois -- Porcine Allantoic Fluid Volume and Composition -- Effect of Lactogenic Hormones on Transport Properties of the Porcine Chorioallantoic Membrane -- Effect of Bromocryptine on Allantoic Fluid Volume and Electrolyte Composition at Day 30 of Gestation -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 13 Critical Review of Embryo Transfer Procedures with Cattle -- Normalcy of Superovulated Ova -- A Note on Experimental Design -- Morphological Evaluation of Embryos -- Morphological Normalcy of Superovulated Ova with Time -- In Vitro Culture of Bovine Embryos -- Stage of the Estrous Cycle to Initiate Superovulation -- Regimens for Inseminating Superovulated Cows -- Side of Transfer -- Stage of Embryonic Development and Surgical Transfer -- Donor-Recipient Estrous Cycle Synchrony -- Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rates after Nonsurgical Transfer -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Epilogue.
    Description / Table of Contents: Prologue1 Collection of Gametes in Laboratory Animals and Preparation of Sperm for in Vitro Fertilization -- Collection of Ova for in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Presently Used for Sperm Collection -- Differences in Sperm as a Function of Collection Method -- Preparation of Ejaculated Sperm for Use in in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Used to Induce Capacitation of Ejaculated Sperm -- References -- 2 Ovum Collection and Induced Luteal Dysfunction in Primates -- Ovum Collection -- Evaluation of Corpus Luteum function -- Induced Folliculogenesis -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 3 Analysis of Culture Media for in Vitro Fertilization and Criteria for Success -- Culture Media -- Criteria for Success -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 In Vitro Culture of the Zygote and Embryo -- General Observations on Fertilization and Early Development in Vitro -- Metabolic Requirements for Embryonic Development in Vitro -- Complex Media and Biological Fluids for Embryo Culture -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Mechanisms of Fertilization in Mammals -- Epididymal Maturation and Capacitation of Spermatozoa -- Acrosome and Acrosome Reaction -- Hyperactivation of Spermatozoa -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Cumulus Oophorus -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Zona Pellucida -- Sperm-Egg Fusion -- Decondensation of the Sperm Nucleus and Development of Sperm and Egg Pronuclei -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 The Mammalian Egg’s Block to Polyspermy -- Zona Reaction -- Zona Reaction Mechanisms -- Egg Plasma Membrane Block -- Block to Polyspermy Mechanisms -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Gamete Interaction in the Sea Urchin A Model for Understanding the Molecular Details of Animal Fertilization -- Fertilization in the Sea Urchin -- The Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm -- Sperm-Specific Surface Antigenicity Common to Seven Animal Phyla -- Isolation of Acrosome Granules and Identification of Bindin as the Major Component Involved in Sperm Adhesion -- Identification of a Bindin Receptor Glycoprotein from the Egg Vitelline Layer -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Awakening of the Invertebrate Egg at Fertilization -- Sperm-Egg Fusion and the Rapid Block to Polyspermy -- Insertion and Localization of Sperm Components in the Egg -- The Cortical Reaction and Extracellular Peroxidative Reactions -- Activation of Egg Metabolism -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Chromosome Aberrations and Mammalian Reproduction -- The Newborn -- Postimplantation Embryos -- Preimplantation Embryos -- Germ Cells -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Effects of Chromosomal Aneuploidy on Early Development Experimental Approaches -- Products of Aneuploid Mouse Embryos -- The Consequences of Monosomy -- Identical Twin Embryos -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Blastocyst Fluid Formation -- Na+/ K+ ATPase and Blastocyst Fluid Accumulation -- Oxygen Consumption and Active Transport -- Developmental Aspects of Solute Transport in Blastocysts -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Water and Electrolyte Transport by Pig Chorioallantois -- Porcine Allantoic Fluid Volume and Composition -- Effect of Lactogenic Hormones on Transport Properties of the Porcine Chorioallantoic Membrane -- Effect of Bromocryptine on Allantoic Fluid Volume and Electrolyte Composition at Day 30 of Gestation -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 13 Critical Review of Embryo Transfer Procedures with Cattle -- Normalcy of Superovulated Ova -- A Note on Experimental Design -- Morphological Evaluation of Embryos -- Morphological Normalcy of Superovulated Ova with Time -- In Vitro Culture of Bovine Embryos -- Stage of the Estrous Cycle to Initiate Superovulation -- Regimens for Inseminating Superovulated Cows -- Side of Transfer -- Stage of Embryonic Development and Surgical Transfer -- Donor-Recipient Estrous Cycle Synchrony -- Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rates after Nonsurgical Transfer -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Epilogue.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468436143
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIX, 1342 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Drug Abuse Treatment: General -- 2 Treatment: Therapeutic Communities -- 3 Alcoholism -- 4 Women and Children -- 5 Innovations in Clinical Pharmacology: Narcotic Antagonists in Treatment -- 6 Innovations in Clinical Pharmacology: Laam in Treatment -- 7 General Pharmacology -- 8 Evaluation of treatment Outcome -- 9 Medical and Psychiatric Aspects.
    Abstract: The 1978 National Drug Abuse Conference held in Seattle marked the beginning of the second decade of these conferences and their predecessor National Methadone Conferences. They began as small conferences devoted to understanding the problems and promises in­ herent in methadone maintenance treatment of opiate-dependent pa­ tients. The first conference was held about a decade ago in New York City at the Rockefeller University. The attendees consisted of a small group of invited clinicians, administrators, and research workers. Over the years the conferences have increased in both breadth and depth of their coverage. On a national scale this conference alone considered the issues of alcoholism, opiate dependence, polydrug abuse, and all other forms of substance abuse. The thousands attending each of the conferences came from all walks of life within our field. Lawyers, physicians, and basic and applied research scientists met and interacted with counselors, administrators, government officials, ex-addicts, con­ trolled alcoholics, and others with serious interest in this field. Only at this conference was it possible to attend presentations con­ cerning the newest findings of a cellular, molecular, and chemical basis on one day and participate in discussions of problems of dis­ advantaged minorities, women, and clinicians on the next day. It was uniquely possible to meet with government officials and question them publicly, as well as in individual private conversations at this conference.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Drug Abuse Treatment: General2 Treatment: Therapeutic Communities -- 3 Alcoholism -- 4 Women and Children -- 5 Innovations in Clinical Pharmacology: Narcotic Antagonists in Treatment -- 6 Innovations in Clinical Pharmacology: Laam in Treatment -- 7 General Pharmacology -- 8 Evaluation of treatment Outcome -- 9 Medical and Psychiatric Aspects.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468438789
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 Political Disaffection -- The Theory of Political Alienation -- Conceptualization and Measurement of Political Discontent -- Origins and Correlates -- Explaining the Recent Trends -- Political Alienation and Political behavior -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Sociopolitical Movements -- The Study of Sociopolitical Movements -- Theories of the Social Origins of Movements -- Mobilization, Recruitment, and the Problem of Consciousness -- Movement Organizations and the Problem of Movement Transformation -- The Strategy and Tactics of Movements -- The Dynamics of Conflict and the Outcome of Challenges -- References -- 3 Public Opinion and Ideology -- The Concept of Public Opinion -- The Individual Basis of Opinions -- Ideology in Mass Preferences -- Patterns and Trends in Contemporary American Opinion -- Public Opinion and Public Policy -- References -- 4 Political Participation -- Conceptualizing Political Participation -- Political Participation as a Function of Stimuli -- Political Participation as a Function of Personal Factors -- Political Participation as a Function of Social Position -- Political Participation as a Function of Environmental Variables -- What Difference Does Political Participation Make? -- References -- 5 Mass Communication and Politics -- Origins and Background of Contemporary Research -- The Political Media of Mass Communication -- Dimensions of the Mass Communication-Politics Relationship -- Methodological Considerations -- Theoretical Approaches -- Politics and Communication, or Political Communication? -- References -- 6 The Rise and Fall of ‘Political Development’ -- ‘Political Development’: What Is It? -- ‘Political Development’: What Happened to It? -- ‘Political Development’: What Are Its Meanings? -- Conclusion -- References.
    Abstract: In the writing of prefaces for works of this sort, most editors report being faced with similar challenges and have much in common in relating how these challenges are met. They acknowledge that their paramount ob­ jective is to provide more than an overview of topics but rather to offer selective critical reviews that will serve to advance theory and research in the particular area reviewed. The question of the appropriate audience to be addressed is usually answered by directing material to a potential audience of social scientists, graduate students, and, occasionally, ad­ vanced undergraduate students. Editors who are confronted with the problem of structuring their material often explore various means by which their social science discipline might be subdivided, then generally conclude that no particular classification strategy is superior. In elabo­ rating on the process by which the enterprise was initiated, editors typ­ ically resort to a panel of luminaries, who provide independent support for the idea and then offer both suggestions for topics and the authors who will write them. Editors usually concede that chapter topics and content do not reflect their original conception but are a compromise between their wishes and the authors' expertise and capabilities. Editors report that inevitable delays occur, authors drop out of projects and are replaced, and new topics are introduced. Finally, editors frequently con­ fess that the final product is incomplete, with gaps occurring because of failed commitments by authors or because authors could not be secured to write certain chapters.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Political DisaffectionThe Theory of Political Alienation -- Conceptualization and Measurement of Political Discontent -- Origins and Correlates -- Explaining the Recent Trends -- Political Alienation and Political behavior -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Sociopolitical Movements -- The Study of Sociopolitical Movements -- Theories of the Social Origins of Movements -- Mobilization, Recruitment, and the Problem of Consciousness -- Movement Organizations and the Problem of Movement Transformation -- The Strategy and Tactics of Movements -- The Dynamics of Conflict and the Outcome of Challenges -- References -- 3 Public Opinion and Ideology -- The Concept of Public Opinion -- The Individual Basis of Opinions -- Ideology in Mass Preferences -- Patterns and Trends in Contemporary American Opinion -- Public Opinion and Public Policy -- References -- 4 Political Participation -- Conceptualizing Political Participation -- Political Participation as a Function of Stimuli -- Political Participation as a Function of Personal Factors -- Political Participation as a Function of Social Position -- Political Participation as a Function of Environmental Variables -- What Difference Does Political Participation Make? -- References -- 5 Mass Communication and Politics -- Origins and Background of Contemporary Research -- The Political Media of Mass Communication -- Dimensions of the Mass Communication-Politics Relationship -- Methodological Considerations -- Theoretical Approaches -- Politics and Communication, or Political Communication? -- References -- 6 The Rise and Fall of ‘Political Development’ -- ‘Political Development’: What Is It? -- ‘Political Development’: What Happened to It? -- ‘Political Development’: What Are Its Meanings? -- Conclusion -- References.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9781468438727
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Anodic Protection of Metals—A Technique Whose Time Has Come -- Many Protective Methods Are Used -- Anodic Protection Used Effectively -- Protection of Alloy Steel Important -- Strategic and Absolute Factors Bearing on Materials -- Substitute Alloys for Chromium -- Prices of Substitute Alloys Increase -- Corrosion Protection Is Necessary -- Contamination Control Important -- Ecological Considerations Are Important -- Energy-Conservation Values -- Applications and Limitations -- Limitations Can Be Anticipated -- Installation Expense Factors -- Rapid Development Anticipated -- References -- 2 Anodic Protection of Industrial Equipment -- Sulfuric Acid Applications -- Protection of Sulfuric Acid Storage Equipment -- Summary -- References -- 3 Equipment for Anodic Protection -- Characteristics of Electrodes -- Reference-Electrode Designs -- Electronic Control and Power Supplies -- Summary -- References -- 4 Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Anodic Protection Systems -- Design Requirements -- Installation and Start-up -- Location of Power Supply and Controller -- Start-up Procedures -- Operation and Maintenance Parameters -- How to Take Solution Samples -- Commercial Units Reliable -- Summary -- References -- 5 Economic Evaluation of Anodic Protection -- Known Costs of Anodic Protection -- Current Costs of Protecting Steel Tanks Against Sulfuric Acid -- Summary -- References -- 6 Principles of Anodic Protection -- Electrochemical Description of Passivity -- Characteristics of Anodic-Polarization Curves -- The Passive Metal Layer -- Proposed Mechanism of Iron Passivity -- Metal Passivity Breakdown -- References -- 7 The Potentiostat -- Potentiostat Mode -- Development of the Potentiostat -- Solid-State Potentiostats -- Commercial Electronic Potentiostats -- Portable/Field Potentiostat -- Summary Comments on Potentiostatic Mode -- The Potentiostat -- References -- 8 Laboratory Tests and Procedures -- Wiring Sequence for Potentiostatic Experiments -- Reproducibility of Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic-Polarization Measurements -- Polarization Cells -- Elevated-Pressure Polarization Cells -- Proposed Experimental Procedure -- Experimental Procedure -- High-Temperature Polarization Cells -- Crevice Corrosion Testing Polarization Cells -- Summary -- References -- 9 Selected Examples of Anodic Protection -- Alloy Evaluation -- Alloy Effects -- Concentration Effects -- Temperature Effects -- Environmental Effects -- Preliminary Investigations Are Necessary -- Time Effects -- References -- 10 Future Uses for Anodic Protection -- A Realm of Probability -- The Sufficiently Real Possibilities -- Potentiostatic Conditioning of Electrodes -- The Electrochemical-Conditioning Concept -- References -- Appendixes -- I Electrochemical Principles of Corrosion -- Corrosion -- Electrode Terminology -- Potential Series -- Nernst Equation -- The Electrical Double Layer -- Free Energy -- Polarization Diagrams -- Electrochemical Equivalents of Metals -- Conversion Factors -- Partial Electrochemical Equivalent -- References -- II Glossary -- III Historical Development -- IV United States Patents Relating to Anodic Protection -- V Bibliography.
    Abstract: The objectives of this book are to give technical information about anodic pro­ tection, explain how economic analyses are made to determine whether or not it should be used, and describe some of the applications and equipment. Lim­ itations of the technique will be pointed out. Technological changes that have resulted in higher temperatures, pres­ sures, and velocities increase corrosion rates and markedly influence materials selection and design decisions. Continuous cycle systems impose increased demands on system reliability. New processes require more sophisticated equipment made of costlier metals which are often in short supply and subject to the vagaries of international commerce. The impact of continuing inflation influences decisions related to capital expenditures and maintenance costs. Some problems caused by these considerations can be solved, or solutions simplified, by the use of anodic protection. Technical and scientific information is presented on applications to industrial equipment, economics, design and installation, operation and maintenance, electrochemical principles, laboratory tests and procedures. A historical summary, patent list, glossary of terms, and a subject index are included. It is important to acknowledge that much of the information has been from the original work of others, including the publications of many friends.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Anodic Protection of Metals-A Technique Whose Time Has ComeMany Protective Methods Are Used -- Anodic Protection Used Effectively -- Protection of Alloy Steel Important -- Strategic and Absolute Factors Bearing on Materials -- Substitute Alloys for Chromium -- Prices of Substitute Alloys Increase -- Corrosion Protection Is Necessary -- Contamination Control Important -- Ecological Considerations Are Important -- Energy-Conservation Values -- Applications and Limitations -- Limitations Can Be Anticipated -- Installation Expense Factors -- Rapid Development Anticipated -- References -- 2 Anodic Protection of Industrial Equipment -- Sulfuric Acid Applications -- Protection of Sulfuric Acid Storage Equipment -- Summary -- References -- 3 Equipment for Anodic Protection -- Characteristics of Electrodes -- Reference-Electrode Designs -- Electronic Control and Power Supplies -- Summary -- References -- 4 Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Anodic Protection Systems -- Design Requirements -- Installation and Start-up -- Location of Power Supply and Controller -- Start-up Procedures -- Operation and Maintenance Parameters -- How to Take Solution Samples -- Commercial Units Reliable -- Summary -- References -- 5 Economic Evaluation of Anodic Protection -- Known Costs of Anodic Protection -- Current Costs of Protecting Steel Tanks Against Sulfuric Acid -- Summary -- References -- 6 Principles of Anodic Protection -- Electrochemical Description of Passivity -- Characteristics of Anodic-Polarization Curves -- The Passive Metal Layer -- Proposed Mechanism of Iron Passivity -- Metal Passivity Breakdown -- References -- 7 The Potentiostat -- Potentiostat Mode -- Development of the Potentiostat -- Solid-State Potentiostats -- Commercial Electronic Potentiostats -- Portable/Field Potentiostat -- Summary Comments on Potentiostatic Mode -- The Potentiostat -- References -- 8 Laboratory Tests and Procedures -- Wiring Sequence for Potentiostatic Experiments -- Reproducibility of Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic-Polarization Measurements -- Polarization Cells -- Elevated-Pressure Polarization Cells -- Proposed Experimental Procedure -- Experimental Procedure -- High-Temperature Polarization Cells -- Crevice Corrosion Testing Polarization Cells -- Summary -- References -- 9 Selected Examples of Anodic Protection -- Alloy Evaluation -- Alloy Effects -- Concentration Effects -- Temperature Effects -- Environmental Effects -- Preliminary Investigations Are Necessary -- Time Effects -- References -- 10 Future Uses for Anodic Protection -- A Realm of Probability -- The Sufficiently Real Possibilities -- Potentiostatic Conditioning of Electrodes -- The Electrochemical-Conditioning Concept -- References -- Appendixes -- I Electrochemical Principles of Corrosion -- Corrosion -- Electrode Terminology -- Potential Series -- Nernst Equation -- The Electrical Double Layer -- Free Energy -- Polarization Diagrams -- Electrochemical Equivalents of Metals -- Conversion Factors -- Partial Electrochemical Equivalent -- References -- II Glossary -- III Historical Development -- IV United States Patents Relating to Anodic Protection -- V Bibliography.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9781468441185
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History, Modern.
    Abstract: 1 Learning the Rational Use of Technology in Medicine -- 2 Impact of Technology on Medical Practice -- 3 Impact of Technology on Medical Education -- 4 Impact of Technology on Community Hospitals and Their Patients -- 5 Adaptation to Medical Technology—Shaping the Future -- 6 Meeting the Challenge — Summary & Formulation -- References -- Background Literature.
    Abstract: This volume contains the edited proceedings of a Totts Gap Colloquium held June 15 to 17, 1980 at Totts Gap Medical Research Laboratories in Bangor, Pennsylvania under the sponsorship of three neighboring community hospitals in the Lehigh Valley; St. Luke's Hospital of Bethlehem, Easton Hospital of Easton and Muhlenberg Medical Center of Bethlehem. The objective of the meeting was to examine from several points of view the impact of rapidly proliferating technology on medical education, practice and research, on hospitals and on the community at large. The participants were selected not only for their diversity of experience and point of view, but also for ability to listen as well as to speak. They were asked to examine, in an informal analytical dialogue, the effects on the quality and cost of health care and health education brought about by increasing reliance on medical technology. A further aim was to explore various strategies through which might be devised an affordable way to benefit fully from technological advances without compromising human initiative or diminishing emphasis on clinical judgment and effective communication between doctor and patient. The participants included a medical student, seasoned practitioners and medical educators, young specialists, researchers, administrators and members of boards of trustees of community hospitals and laymen as follows: Dr. Robert Ackerman, Associate Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Director of the Carotid Evaluation and Cerebral Blood Flow Laboratories at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Paul B.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Learning the Rational Use of Technology in Medicine2 Impact of Technology on Medical Practice -- 3 Impact of Technology on Medical Education -- 4 Impact of Technology on Community Hospitals and Their Patients -- 5 Adaptation to Medical Technology-Shaping the Future -- 6 Meeting the Challenge - Summary & Formulation -- References -- Background Literature.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9781468440041
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (452p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1 General Considerations for Evaluating and Counseling the Physically Handicapped -- The Stigma of Disability -- The Process of Adjustment to Disability -- Psychological Characteristics and Problems Commonly Associated with Disability -- Helping Relationships with the Physically Disabled -- Suggestions about Process -- Labeling, Normalization, and Mainstreaming -- Milestones -- References -- 2 Hemophilia -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Hemophilia -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 3 Diabetes Mellitus -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Diabetic Patients -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- 4 Other Genetic Disorders -- Genetic Disorders -- Phenylketonuria -- Turner’s Syndrome -- Klinefelter’s Syndrome -- Huntington’s Disease -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 5 Cerebral Palsy -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Cerebral Palsy -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 6 Epilepsy -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluation of Individuals with Epilepsy -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 7 Mental Retardation -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Mental Retardation -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 8 Spinal Cord Injury -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Spinal Cord Injury -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 9 Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida) -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Myelomeningocele -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 10 Progressive Muscle Disorders -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluation of Patients with Progressive Muscle Disorder -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 11 Congenital Heart Defects -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Congenital Heart Defect -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 12 Coronary Heart Disease -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Coronary Heart Disease -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 13 Visual Handicaps -- Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating the Blind -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 14 Hearing Disorders -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating the Hearing-Impaired Person -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References.
    Abstract: A relationship between the disciplines of psychology and medicine is evident in writings from the beginnings of recorded history. This inter­ action was characterized in some epochs by mutual interest and support, only to be followed by periods of relative disinterest. During the past century there have been several formal attempts to acknowledge this interdependence and to revive and codify on a more permanent basis the working relationships between practitioners and scientists from both psychology and medicine. These twentieth-century waves of interest, which have also come and gone, have been identified by such names as psychosomatic medicine and rehabilitation psychology. For a variety of reasons, notably the lack of a sufficient knowledge base in either disci­ pline, the desired partnership has not come to full flower. This state of affairs seems to be changing as we enter the last two decades of the twentieth century. In the American Psychologist in September, 1980, I reviewed recent developments in psychology and in medicine and in federal and private funding patterns, which give evidence of revitalizing this partnership between these two disciplines and their relevant subspecialties. For ex­ ample, after six decades of spectacular biomedical scientific advances which have all but eradicated such life-threatening diseases as polio­ myelitis and tuberculosis, leaders in medicine, the behavioral sciences, and other segments of society reached a consensus during the 1970s that the behavior of the individual is one of today's unexplored frontiers for modern medical practice and related good health care.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 General Considerations for Evaluating and Counseling the Physically HandicappedThe Stigma of Disability -- The Process of Adjustment to Disability -- Psychological Characteristics and Problems Commonly Associated with Disability -- Helping Relationships with the Physically Disabled -- Suggestions about Process -- Labeling, Normalization, and Mainstreaming -- Milestones -- References -- 2 Hemophilia -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Hemophilia -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 3 Diabetes Mellitus -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Diabetic Patients -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- 4 Other Genetic Disorders -- Genetic Disorders -- Phenylketonuria -- Turner’s Syndrome -- Klinefelter’s Syndrome -- Huntington’s Disease -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 5 Cerebral Palsy -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Cerebral Palsy -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 6 Epilepsy -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluation of Individuals with Epilepsy -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 7 Mental Retardation -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Mental Retardation -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 8 Spinal Cord Injury -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Spinal Cord Injury -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 9 Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida) -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Myelomeningocele -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 10 Progressive Muscle Disorders -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluation of Patients with Progressive Muscle Disorder -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 11 Congenital Heart Defects -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Congenital Heart Defect -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 12 Coronary Heart Disease -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Coronary Heart Disease -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 13 Visual Handicaps -- Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating the Blind -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 14 Hearing Disorders -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating the Hearing-Impaired Person -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9781468439113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (704p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Annotated Bibliography -- Late Additions -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The Scope of Brief Therapy Within the last two decades there has been a dramatic expansion in the uses of short-term treatment (Grayson, 1979, Small, 1979). Brief therapies have been and continue to be widely used with a number of different patient popu­ lations in a broad variety of service settings. They have been reported in use with children, adolescents, adults~ and the aged; in groups, families, and individual treatment; on college campuses, high schools, in community mental health centers, in child guidance clinics, in private psychiatric clinics, in hospitals as part of out-patient or in-patient therapy, in programs of preventive community mental health; with the rich, the middle class, and the poor (Barten, 1971, 1972; Caplan, 1961, 1964; Small, 1979; Wolberg, 1965). Further, short term methods of therapy range across all of the major and well-known theoretical orientations found in the broader field of psychotherapy. There are some unique theoretical contributions which can be found within this field as well.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9781475702200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLIV, 1041 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Minorities and Special Needs -- 2 Rural & Urban Issues -- 3 Prevention -- 4 Training, Education, and Credentialinc -- 5 Vocational Rehabilitation -- 6 Managerial & Administrative Issues -- 7 Sociology of Drug Abuse -- 8 Public Policy -- 9 Miscellaneous.
    Abstract: Determination and treatment of the unique needs of each addicted individual is a prerequisite to rehabilitation. General descriptions of large subgroups of the addicted population may only serve to iden­ tify issues pertinent to treatment and global treatment needs. How­ ever, specification of services needed is a first step in incorpora­ ting these in treatment. Clearly, women in treatment need many ser­ vices which, currently, are not typically available and may be criti­ cal for successful treatment of many of these women. REFERENCES Anderson, M. 1977. Medical needs of addicted women and men and the implications for treatment: focus on women. WDR report #4. Nat. Inst. Drug Abuse. Special Treatment Projects Section, Services Research Branch, Div. Resource Development. Blinick, G. 1971. Fertility of narcotics addicts and effects of ad­ diction on the offspring. Soc. BioI. l8(Supplement): 34. Blumer, H. et al. 1967. The World of Youthful Drug Use. Berkeley, California: Univ. of Calif. Doyle, K. and Levy, S. 1975. The female client: How treated in drug abuse programs. Paper presented at Annual Meeting, Am. Psychol. Assoc., Chicago, Illinois. Edwards, H., Johnston, M., and Simon, W. 1976. The incidence and prevalence of drug use among adults in Illinois. Report: Insti­ tute for Juvenile Research, Dept. Mental Health, Chicago, Ill. Eldred, C. and Washington, M. 1976. Interpersonal relationships in heroin use by men and women and their role in treatment outcome. Int. J. Add. 11: 117.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461591917
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 Small Groups in Political Science: Perspectives on Significance and Stuckness -- Four Basic Small-Group Orientations: Tracing the Literature’s Major Themes -- Some Small-Group Dimensions: Toward Differentiating the Species -- Four Cases of Small Groups in Politics: Dynamics/Dimensions as Emergent/Contrived -- Overview of Significance and Stuckness: The Condition of Small-Group Analysis Today -- References -- 2 Government Learning: An Overview -- Defining Learning -- Normative Issues -- Trends -- Motivation and Cognition—Individual Bases -- Organizational Structure and Dynamics -- The Washington Political Environment -- Societal, World, and Historical Contexts -- Problem Types -- Diagnostic Repertoires -- Concluding Reflections -- References -- 3 Political Violence: A Critical Evaluation -- Frequency of Conflict -- Dimensions of Conflict -- Hypotheses About Violence -- Summary -- References -- 4 Rationality and Collective-Choice Theory -- Rationality -- Individual and Collective Choice -- Axiomatic-Choice Theory -- Economic Theories of Politics—Spatial Models -- Game Theory -- Collective Goods -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Political Symbolism -- Sources of the Research Focus -- A Survey of Applications of Symbolic Theory -- Conclusion -- References.
    Abstract: In the writing of prefaces for works of this sort, most editors report being faced with similar challenges and have much in common in relating how these challenges are met. They acknowledge that their paramount ob­ jective is to provide more than an overview of topics but rather to offer selective critical reviews that will serve to advance theory and research in the particular area reviewed. The question of the appropriate audience to be addressed is usually answered by directing material to a potential audience of social scientists, graduate students, and, occasionally, ad­ vanced undergraduate students. Editors who are confronted with the problem of structuring their material often explore various means by which their social science discipline might be subdivided, then generally conclude that no particular classification strategy is superior. In elabo­ rating on the process by which the enterprise was initiated, editors typ­ ically resort to a panel of luminaries, who provide independent support for the idea and then offer both suggestions for topics and the authors who will write them. Editors usually concede that chapter topics and content do not reflect their original conception but are a compromise between their wishes and the authors' expertise and capabilities. Editors report that inevitable delays occur, authors drop out of projects and are replaced, and new topics are introduced. Finally, editors frequently con­ fess that the final product is incomplete, with gaps occurring because of failed commitments by authors or because authors could not be secured to write certain chapters.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461332312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 · The Child Dying in the Hospital -- Discussion -- 2 · Care of the Dying Child at Home -- Discussion -- 3 · The Bereaved Parent -- Discussion -- 4 · Where Was God? The Legitimacy of Religious Anger -- Discussion -- 5 · The Clergyman’s Role in Grief Counseling -- 6 · Care in Chronic Fatal Genetic Disease -- Discussion (papers of Grollman and Milunsky) -- 7 · Explaining Death to Children -- 8 · Coping with Suicide in the Family -- Discussion -- 9 · Treating the Person Confronting Death -- 10 · Ethics and the Care of the Child with Terminal Illness -- Discussion -- 11 · Kids Are People Too, Sometimes: Parents vs. Children -- Discussion -- 12 · Coping with Handicap: Searching for the Boundaries -- Discussion -- 13 · Helping Parents Cope with a Profoundly Mentally Retarded Child -- 14 · The Involvement of Siblings of Children with Handicaps -- Discussion (papers of Challela and Crocker) -- 15 · Reaching Autistic Children: Strategies for Parents and Helping Professionals -- Discussion -- 16 · Coping with Sexuality and Sexual Vulnerability in Developmentally Disabled Individuals -- Discussion -- 17 · A Little Bit of Awkward: Children and Their Disabled Peers -- 18 · Teaching Teachers to Cope -- 19 · Coping Strategies of Children and Their Families -- Discussion (papers of Brightman, O’Connor, and Cahners) -- 20 · Law and the Handicapped -- 21 · Societal Perspectives: Where Do We Go from Here? -- Discussion (papers of Beyer and Dybwad) -- Selected Recent Bibliography -- Children and Death, Books, Chapters, Television Programs (1973–1978) -- Children and Death, Journal Articles (1973–1978) -- Handicap and Bioethics, Books (1973–1978) -- Handicap and Bioethics, Journal Articles (1973–1978) -- Death, Suicide, and Chronic Illness, Journal Articles (1972–1979) -- Autism and Burns, Journal Articles (1974–1979).
    Abstract: For over 20 years I have accepted the challenge and had the privilege of caring for sick children, agonizing with their parents during periods of serious illness, which were sometimes fatal. Because of my particular interest in and concern about birth defects and genetic disease, many of these children had severe disabling handicaps, which were often genetic and included mental retardation. Hence care of these children and their families was often complicated by the presence of serious or profound genetic defects. The initial realization of the nature of the disorder invariably led to emotional . difficulties and inevitably later spawned chronic distress. For some children inexorable deterioration led to untimely deaths, while the parents agonized over their handi­ capped, chronically ill, or defective-but nevertheless loved---.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 · The Child Dying in the HospitalDiscussion -- 2 · Care of the Dying Child at Home -- Discussion -- 3 · The Bereaved Parent -- Discussion -- 4 · Where Was God? The Legitimacy of Religious Anger -- Discussion -- 5 · The Clergyman’s Role in Grief Counseling -- 6 · Care in Chronic Fatal Genetic Disease -- Discussion (papers of Grollman and Milunsky) -- 7 · Explaining Death to Children -- 8 · Coping with Suicide in the Family -- Discussion -- 9 · Treating the Person Confronting Death -- 10 · Ethics and the Care of the Child with Terminal Illness -- Discussion -- 11 · Kids Are People Too, Sometimes: Parents vs. Children -- Discussion -- 12 · Coping with Handicap: Searching for the Boundaries -- Discussion -- 13 · Helping Parents Cope with a Profoundly Mentally Retarded Child -- 14 · The Involvement of Siblings of Children with Handicaps -- Discussion (papers of Challela and Crocker) -- 15 · Reaching Autistic Children: Strategies for Parents and Helping Professionals -- Discussion -- 16 · Coping with Sexuality and Sexual Vulnerability in Developmentally Disabled Individuals -- Discussion -- 17 · A Little Bit of Awkward: Children and Their Disabled Peers -- 18 · Teaching Teachers to Cope -- 19 · Coping Strategies of Children and Their Families -- Discussion (papers of Brightman, O’Connor, and Cahners) -- 20 · Law and the Handicapped -- 21 · Societal Perspectives: Where Do We Go from Here? -- Discussion (papers of Beyer and Dybwad) -- Selected Recent Bibliography -- Children and Death, Books, Chapters, Television Programs (1973-1978) -- Children and Death, Journal Articles (1973-1978) -- Handicap and Bioethics, Books (1973-1978) -- Handicap and Bioethics, Journal Articles (1973-1978) -- Death, Suicide, and Chronic Illness, Journal Articles (1972-1979) -- Autism and Burns, Journal Articles (1974-1979).
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9781468410570
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 / Man Apart? -- 2 / Poetry and Plutonium -- 3 / Humanistic Expressions of Cycles in Nature -- 4 / Reactions to the Primordial Bond Expressed in the Humanities -- 5 / Ancient Greek Natural Philosophy: The Bridge to Science -- 6 / What is Science? -- 7 / The Global Cycles of Life -- 8 / Human Disruptions of the Global Cycles of Life -- 9 / The Social Tithe -- Reference Notes.
    Abstract: Does the solution to our energy crisis depend upon the de­ velopment of coal, nuclear, solar, or some other energy source? Are we better off because science and technology have made us less vulnerable to natural catastrophes? How, in fact, do we see ourselves now in relation to our natural world? The answers to these questions lie as much within the humanities as in the sciences. Problems as seemingly unrelated as our vulnerability to OPEC oil price hikes or a smog alert in Los Angeles or Tokyo often have common, hidden causes. One of these causes is simply the way our society sees its place in nature. There are many reasons for the heavy demand for oil. Among these we vii viii I PREFACE can include desire for industrial growth, hopes for improved living standards, mobility through automobiles and rapid transportation systems, and, not least, an attempt to loosen the constraints on man imposed by nature. These constraints and man's concomitant dependence upon nature are exam­ ples of the intense and finely interwoven relationship be­ tween man and nature, a relationship that constitutes a pri­ mordial bond forged long before the era of modem technology. Similarly, man has explored this primordial bond through the humanities for all the centuries prior to our present techno­ logical age. As we will see in this exploration, the bond un­ derlies many of the environmental and technological prob­ lems we have come to label the ecological crisis.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 / Man Apart?2 / Poetry and Plutonium -- 3 / Humanistic Expressions of Cycles in Nature -- 4 / Reactions to the Primordial Bond Expressed in the Humanities -- 5 / Ancient Greek Natural Philosophy: The Bridge to Science -- 6 / What is Science? -- 7 / The Global Cycles of Life -- 8 / Human Disruptions of the Global Cycles of Life -- 9 / The Social Tithe -- Reference Notes.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468466867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Games -- Anyone for Twopins? -- Pretzel Solitaire as a Pastime for the Lonely Mathematician -- Some Remarks about a Hex Problem -- A Kriegspiel Endgame -- Mental Poker -- Cheap, Middling, or Dear -- A Random Hopscotch Problem, or How to Make Johnny Read More -- Geometry -- Wreaths of Tangent Circles -- Bicycle Tubes Inside Out -- Flexing Surfaces -- Planting Trees -- Slicing It Thin -- How Did Pappus Do It? -- Two-Dimensional Tiling -- Fault-Free Tilings of Rectangles -- Disections Into Equilateral Triangles -- In Praise of Amateurs -- Some Problems on Plane Tiling -- Angels and Devils -- Three-Dimensional Tiling -- Packing Problems and Inequalities -- Can Cubes Avoid Meeting Face to Face? -- Packing Handed Pentacubes -- My Life Among the Polyominoes -- Fun and Problems -- Disappearances -- Noneuclidean Harmony -- Magic Cuboctahedrons -- Games, Graphs, and Galleries -- Probing the Rotating Table -- Numbers and Coding Theory -- Supernatural Numbers -- The Graph Theorists Who Count—and What They Count -- Error-Correcting Codes and Cryptography.
    Abstract: -~- T he articles in this book are dedicated to Martin Gardner, the world's greatest expositor and popularizer of mathematics. While our papers are confined to this single subject, Gardner's interests and accomplishments have a wide range of subjects. Hence, we have entitled the book the Mathematical Gardner, and would like to see other volumes such as the Magical, the Literary, the Philosophical, or the Scientific Gardner accompany it. Of course, our title is also an appropriate pun, for Martin Gardner's relationship to the mathematical community is similar to a gardener's relationship to a beautiful flower garden. The contributors to this volume comprise only a small part of a large body of mathematicians whose work has been nurtured by its exposition in "Mathematical Games"; Martin's column which appears every month in Scientific American. More than just a mathematical journalist, Martin connects his readers by passing along problems and information and stimulating creative activity. Thus, he is a force behind the scenes as well as a public figure. Two people were particularly helpful in putting this book together.
    Description / Table of Contents: GamesAnyone for Twopins? -- Pretzel Solitaire as a Pastime for the Lonely Mathematician -- Some Remarks about a Hex Problem -- A Kriegspiel Endgame -- Mental Poker -- Cheap, Middling, or Dear -- A Random Hopscotch Problem, or How to Make Johnny Read More -- Geometry -- Wreaths of Tangent Circles -- Bicycle Tubes Inside Out -- Flexing Surfaces -- Planting Trees -- Slicing It Thin -- How Did Pappus Do It? -- Two-Dimensional Tiling -- Fault-Free Tilings of Rectangles -- Disections Into Equilateral Triangles -- In Praise of Amateurs -- Some Problems on Plane Tiling -- Angels and Devils -- Three-Dimensional Tiling -- Packing Problems and Inequalities -- Can Cubes Avoid Meeting Face to Face? -- Packing Handed Pentacubes -- My Life Among the Polyominoes -- Fun and Problems -- Disappearances -- Noneuclidean Harmony -- Magic Cuboctahedrons -- Games, Graphs, and Galleries -- Probing the Rotating Table -- Numbers and Coding Theory -- Supernatural Numbers -- The Graph Theorists Who Count-and What They Count -- Error-Correcting Codes and Cryptography.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468466836
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Foundations -- 1. Multidimensional Contingency Tables -- 2. Guidelines for Analysis -- 3. Contingency Table Analysis: The WLS Approach -- II: Simple Applications of the WLS Approach -- 4. One Response and Two Factor Variables -- 5. Interaction Among Factor Variables -- 6. Mean Scores -- 7. Log-Linear Models -- III: Advanced Applications of the WLS Approach -- 8. Multiple Response Functions -- 9. Rank Correlation Methods -- 10. Rank Choice Analysis -- 11. Follow-Up Life Table Analysis -- 12. Selected WLS Literature -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Matrix Notation -- Matrix Definitions -- Matrix Arithmetic -- The Inverse Matrix -- System of Linear Equations—Scalar Presentation -- System of Linear Equations—Matrix Presentation -- Summary -- Exercises -- Appendix B: The Linear Model -- Traditional Approach to ANOVA -- Linear Model Approach to ANOVA -- Coding Methods -- Testing Hypotheses -- Two-Way ANOVA -- Interaction -- Summary -- Exercises -- Appendix C: Table of Chi-Square Values -- Appendix D: The GENCAT Computer Program -- An Overview of GENCAT -- Entering the Data to GENCAT -- Left-Hand Side of the Equation -- Right-Hand Side of the Equation -- Testing Individual Hypotheses -- Summary of Major Input to GENCAT -- GENCAT Input and Output for Chapter 4 -- References.
    Abstract: The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the demand for analyses of health and public affairs program data. Governments at the federal and state levels have stimulated, if not mandated, much of this increased de­ mand and spawned numerous not-for-profit and quasi-public organizations­ research groups, lobbying organizations, consulting firms-who actively use analytic techniques. Program analysis is a broad term that encompasses activities such as pro­ gram planning and prediction, program assessment, and program evaluation. Though purposes differ and techniques vary, the common denominator for all applications is the attempt to use quantitative techniques to provide compre­ hensive and objective analyses. Program analysis in public health and public affairs shares another common feature: In many cases the data collected for these applications are categorical in nature-that is, discrete information rep­ resented by categories. Whether a defendant in a criminal trial is convicted (yes, no), the number of times a person visits a community health center in a month (0,1,2,3, ... ), how a person feels about a proposed program (agree, disagree, not sure, no opinion)-these are examples of categorical data. This book describes a multivariate categorical data analysis technique­ the weighted-least-squares (WLS) approach developed by Grizzle, Starmer, and Koch (GSK)-applied to program analysis in health and public affairs. It is written for in-service professionals who desire an introduction to applied cate­ gorical data analysis and for preservice students who are studying quantitative methods.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Foundations1. Multidimensional Contingency Tables -- 2. Guidelines for Analysis -- 3. Contingency Table Analysis: The WLS Approach -- II: Simple Applications of the WLS Approach -- 4. One Response and Two Factor Variables -- 5. Interaction Among Factor Variables -- 6. Mean Scores -- 7. Log-Linear Models -- III: Advanced Applications of the WLS Approach -- 8. Multiple Response Functions -- 9. Rank Correlation Methods -- 10. Rank Choice Analysis -- 11. Follow-Up Life Table Analysis -- 12. Selected WLS Literature -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Matrix Notation -- Matrix Definitions -- Matrix Arithmetic -- The Inverse Matrix -- System of Linear Equations-Scalar Presentation -- System of Linear Equations-Matrix Presentation -- Summary -- Exercises -- Appendix B: The Linear Model -- Traditional Approach to ANOVA -- Linear Model Approach to ANOVA -- Coding Methods -- Testing Hypotheses -- Two-Way ANOVA -- Interaction -- Summary -- Exercises -- Appendix C: Table of Chi-Square Values -- Appendix D: The GENCAT Computer Program -- An Overview of GENCAT -- Entering the Data to GENCAT -- Left-Hand Side of the Equation -- Right-Hand Side of the Equation -- Testing Individual Hypotheses -- Summary of Major Input to GENCAT -- GENCAT Input and Output for Chapter 4 -- References.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489932785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    DDC: 572.6
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Enzymes
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9781461331988
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (346p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Accounting.
    Abstract: 1 Stretching the Grant Dollar: The Players and the Process -- Who Is Responsible for Stretching the Grant Dollar? -- What Happens to the Grant Dollar? -- 2 The Proposal Decision: Should You Apply? -- How Much Will the Application Cost You? -- What Are Your Chances for Success in Receiving an Award? -- What Cost Sharing Will Be Required If You Receive an Award? -- Does the Project Fit with Your Organization’S Mission? -- Do You Have (or Can You Get) the Resources Necessary to Carry Out the Project? -- Who in Your Organization Decides Whether or Not You Should Apply? -- 3 The Proposal Budget: Asking for the Right Amount -- How Much Do You Need? -- How Do You Know What They’ve Got? -- Never Pad a Budget -- When to Pad a Budget -- What Do You Include in a Budget? -- How Do You Develop a Budget? -- What Are the Characteristics of a Well-Prepared Grant Budget? -- Who in Your Agency Approves Grant Budgets? -- 4 The Project Award: Negotiating the Best Deal -- Negotiation: The Basic Ingredients -- Observations of Experienced Grants Getters and Givers -- 5 Grant Procedures: Putting Your Act Together -- Why Are Grant Policies and Procedures Important? -- How Do You Monitor the Technical and Fiscal Progress of Grant Projects? -- What Grant Policies Do You Need? -- How Can You Develop Grant Policies Effectively and with Minimum Effort? -- 6 Spending the Award: Getting More for Less -- The Purchasing Decision: Comparing Alternatives -- The Purchase Itself: Paying Less -- Save by Using Grantee Buying Power -- Save by Using Grantor Buying Power -- Advice and Examples of Savings from Experienced Grants Spenders -- Obstacles to Saving and How to Get around Them -- 7 Expenditures to Avoid: Over-, Under-, Unallowable -- How Do You Avoid Overexpenditures? -- How Do You Avoid Underexpenditures, and Why Should You? -- How Do You Avoid Unallowable Expenditures? -- Do You Hold Project Spending Meetings? -- 8 Cash Management: Timing Your Dollars In and Out -- How Fast Can You Collect the Grant Funds? -- How Advantageously Can You Pay Out the Grant Funds? -- How Efficiently Can You Invest Idle Cash? -- What Are the Obstacles to Effective Cash Management? -- Does Your Organization Have a Cash Management Policy for Grants? -- Who in Your Organization Is Responsible for Cash Management? -- 9 Funding-Agency Contacts: Letting Them Help -- Let Them Help You Decide Whether or Not to Apply -- Let Them Help You Write the Proposal -- Let Them Help You Ask for the Right Amount -- Let Them Advocate Your Proposal -- Let Them Give You Advance Information -- Let Them Create an RFP Based on Your Idea -- Let Them Solve Potential Problems before the Award -- Let Them Tell You Why You Didn’t Win -- Let Them Help You Negotiate the Best Deal -- Let Them Help You Get More for Less -- Let Them Help You Avoid Under-, Over-, and Unallowable Expenditures -- Let Them Help You with Cash Management -- The “Politics” of Contacts -- 10 Gamesplaying: An Obstacle to Cost-Effective Grant Spending -- What Are the Conflicting Needs of Grant Players That Lead to Adversary Relationships? -- Who Plays the Games? -- What Are Some Typical Game Scripts? -- Why and How Should Gamesplaying Be Stopped? -- 11 Your Role: Organizing for the Grant $ S-T-R-E-T-C-H! -- Who in Your Organization Is Responsible for Each Grant-Optimizing Activity Mentioned in This Book? -- Is There Someone in Your Organization Responsible for Each Activity? -- If Several Persons Share Responsibilities, Are Their Activities Coordinated? -- Do the Responsible Employees Have the Knowledge They Need to Get the Most out of Your Grant Dollars? -- Is There a Better Way to Combine Tasks and Positions to Get the Most out of Your Grant Dollar? -- What Can You Do? -- Appendix A Definition of Terms -- Appendix B Sample Purchasing Policy and Forms -- Appendix C Sample Travel Policy and Forms -- Appendix D Sample Consultant/Independent Contractor Forms -- Appendix E Federal Excess Property Program Regional Offices -- Appendix F Acquisition of Excess Government Personal Property by National Science Foundation Grantees -- References.
    Abstract: Do you work for an organization that depends on receiving grant funds for sur­ vival? Do you work for one that gives grants? Have you been in the grants busi­ ness a long time? Or a relatively short time? Do you plan to work for a grant­ giving or grant-receiving organization? If you answered "Yes" to any of these questions, this book is written for you. It will save you money. You will share in professional secrets that, up until now, have not been in print. You will find out more about the roles that others play in the grant-spending process; thus you will have an advantage in dealing with others. You will receive tips for spending grant dollars effectively and will be alerted to obstacles that may prevent you from maximizing grant funds. "Grants programs should be run more efficiently, cut out the organizational 'fat,' and develop better management techniques," a trustee of the Rosenberg Foundation was quoted as saying in the Foundation News recently. In this same issue, a leader of the Alcoholism Center for Women in Los Angeles told of trim­ ming superfluous grant spending across the board. "We want to provide the same services," she stated. "We're cutting the fat. " The topic of the article was Cali­ fornia's Proposition 13 and its impact on nonprofit organizations that depend on grant funds for their survival. (l) Not only are taxpayers revolting nationwide against paying ever-increasing taxes, but Congressmen are apparently listening.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Stretching the Grant Dollar: The Players and the ProcessWho Is Responsible for Stretching the Grant Dollar? -- What Happens to the Grant Dollar? -- 2 The Proposal Decision: Should You Apply? -- How Much Will the Application Cost You? -- What Are Your Chances for Success in Receiving an Award? -- What Cost Sharing Will Be Required If You Receive an Award? -- Does the Project Fit with Your Organization’S Mission? -- Do You Have (or Can You Get) the Resources Necessary to Carry Out the Project? -- Who in Your Organization Decides Whether or Not You Should Apply? -- 3 The Proposal Budget: Asking for the Right Amount -- How Much Do You Need? -- How Do You Know What They’ve Got? -- Never Pad a Budget -- When to Pad a Budget -- What Do You Include in a Budget? -- How Do You Develop a Budget? -- What Are the Characteristics of a Well-Prepared Grant Budget? -- Who in Your Agency Approves Grant Budgets? -- 4 The Project Award: Negotiating the Best Deal -- Negotiation: The Basic Ingredients -- Observations of Experienced Grants Getters and Givers -- 5 Grant Procedures: Putting Your Act Together -- Why Are Grant Policies and Procedures Important? -- How Do You Monitor the Technical and Fiscal Progress of Grant Projects? -- What Grant Policies Do You Need? -- How Can You Develop Grant Policies Effectively and with Minimum Effort? -- 6 Spending the Award: Getting More for Less -- The Purchasing Decision: Comparing Alternatives -- The Purchase Itself: Paying Less -- Save by Using Grantee Buying Power -- Save by Using Grantor Buying Power -- Advice and Examples of Savings from Experienced Grants Spenders -- Obstacles to Saving and How to Get around Them -- 7 Expenditures to Avoid: Over-, Under-, Unallowable -- How Do You Avoid Overexpenditures? -- How Do You Avoid Underexpenditures, and Why Should You? -- How Do You Avoid Unallowable Expenditures? -- Do You Hold Project Spending Meetings? -- 8 Cash Management: Timing Your Dollars In and Out -- How Fast Can You Collect the Grant Funds? -- How Advantageously Can You Pay Out the Grant Funds? -- How Efficiently Can You Invest Idle Cash? -- What Are the Obstacles to Effective Cash Management? -- Does Your Organization Have a Cash Management Policy for Grants? -- Who in Your Organization Is Responsible for Cash Management? -- 9 Funding-Agency Contacts: Letting Them Help -- Let Them Help You Decide Whether or Not to Apply -- Let Them Help You Write the Proposal -- Let Them Help You Ask for the Right Amount -- Let Them Advocate Your Proposal -- Let Them Give You Advance Information -- Let Them Create an RFP Based on Your Idea -- Let Them Solve Potential Problems before the Award -- Let Them Tell You Why You Didn’t Win -- Let Them Help You Negotiate the Best Deal -- Let Them Help You Get More for Less -- Let Them Help You Avoid Under-, Over-, and Unallowable Expenditures -- Let Them Help You with Cash Management -- The “Politics” of Contacts -- 10 Gamesplaying: An Obstacle to Cost-Effective Grant Spending -- What Are the Conflicting Needs of Grant Players That Lead to Adversary Relationships? -- Who Plays the Games? -- What Are Some Typical Game Scripts? -- Why and How Should Gamesplaying Be Stopped? -- 11 Your Role: Organizing for the Grant $ S-T-R-E-T-C-H! -- Who in Your Organization Is Responsible for Each Grant-Optimizing Activity Mentioned in This Book? -- Is There Someone in Your Organization Responsible for Each Activity? -- If Several Persons Share Responsibilities, Are Their Activities Coordinated? -- Do the Responsible Employees Have the Knowledge They Need to Get the Most out of Your Grant Dollars? -- Is There a Better Way to Combine Tasks and Positions to Get the Most out of Your Grant Dollar? -- What Can You Do? -- Appendix A Definition of Terms -- Appendix B Sample Purchasing Policy and Forms -- Appendix C Sample Travel Policy and Forms -- Appendix D Sample Consultant/Independent Contractor Forms -- Appendix E Federal Excess Property Program Regional Offices -- Appendix F Acquisition of Excess Government Personal Property by National Science Foundation Grantees -- References.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9781461332466
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
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  • 91
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461331957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 503 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics
    Abstract: 1. “My First Interest Is Interest”: Berlyne as an Exemplar of the Curiosity Drive -- 2. Berlyne’s Theory: A Metascientific Study -- 3. The Quest for the Inverted U -- 4. Environmental Restriction and “Stimulus Hunger”: Theories and Applications -- 5. Explorations of Exploration -- 6. Arousal, Intrinsic Motivation, and Personality -- 7. Subjective Uncertainty and Task Preference -- 8. Experiential Roots of Intention, Initiative, and Trust -- 9. A Theory Deriving Preference from Conflict -- 10. Play: A Ludic Behavior -- 11. Toward a Taxonomy and Conceptual Model of Play -- 12. Intrinsic Motivation and Health -- 13. The Psychological Aesthetics of Narrative Forms -- 14. A Conceptual Analysis of Exploratory Behavior: The “Specific-Diversive” Distinction Revisited -- 15. Ambiguity, Complexity, and Preference for Works of Art -- 16. About the Role of Visual Exploration in Aesthetics -- 17. Bases of Transcultural Agreement in Response to Art -- 18. Information Theory and Melodic Perception: In Search of the Aesthetic Engram -- 19. Toward an Integrated Theory of Aesthetic Perception in the Visual Arts -- 20. Recent Developments in Experimental Aesthetics: A Summary of Berlyne Laboratory Research Activities, 1974–1977.
    Abstract: It has been both a pleasure and an honor to edit this book. The pleasure has been in interacting with the gifted authors who wrote the chapters for this volume and the honor has been in knowing that the book is dedicated to a great man and a brilliant psychologist-Daniel E. Berlyne. All the contributors to this book have been touched, at some time, by Dan Berlyne and his ideas. Whether as his teachers, his colleages, his peers, his students, or his friends and arguing partners, we have all felt his presence and been improved by it. The list of contributors to this volume is large and could have been much larger, for a number of people, in fact, contacted me for the oppor­ tunity to contribute when they heard about the purpose of this book. It is also an international list, for Dan Berlyne's contacts were international. The diversity in content and style is also intentional. The authors were invited to contribute an original paper in the field in which they are presently engaged, whether theoretical or a report of empirical work, and to indicate the contribution that Dan Berlyne had made to their work. As the reader will note, contributions range from personal and contact in a laboratory to ideas that elicit controversy, argument, and intensive re­ search. Daniel Ellis Berlyne was born in Selford, England, a suburb of Man­ chester,in 1924, and died in Toronto, Canada, on November 2, 1976.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9781461575757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Evolution (Biology) ; Humanities
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461592181
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 233 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: 1Inhibition of Chemical Carcinogenesis by Phenols, Coumarins, Aromatic Isothiocyanates, Flavones, and Indoles -- I. Introduction -- II. Inhibitors of Chemical Carcinogens -- III. Discussion -- 2Inhibition of Carcinogen Metabolism and Action by Disulfiram, Pyrazole, and Related Compounds -- I. Introduction -- II. Disulfiram -- III. Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate and Dithiocarbamate Pesticides -- IV. Carbon Disulfide -- V. Pyrazole -- VI. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene -- VII. Hydrazo and Azoxy Carcinogens -- VIII. N-Nitrosamines -- IX. Arylamines -- X. Azo Dyes: 3?-Methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene -- XI. Ultraviolet Light -- XII. Spontaneous Tumors -- XIII. Other Effects of Thiono Sulfur Compounds -- References -- 3Retinoids and Chemoprevention of Cancer -- I. Introduction -- II. Retinoids and Epithelial Cell Differentiation -- III. Suppression of Malignant Transformation and Tumor Promotion by Retinoids -- IV. Retinoid Deficiency and Carcinogenesis -- V. Natural Retinoids and Prevention of Carcinogenesis -- VI. Structure-Activity Relationships of New Synthetic Retinoids -- VII. Prevention of Cancer in Experimental Animals with New Synthetic Retinoids -- VIII. Mechanism of Action of Retinoids in Chemoprevention of Cancer -- IX. Mechanism of Toxicity of Retinoids -- X. Combination Chemoprevention with Retinoids -- References -- 4Ascorbic Acid Inhibition of N-Nitroso Compound Formation in Chemical, Food, and Biological Systems -- I. Introduction -- II. In Vitro Studies -- III. In Vivo Studies -- IV Tests on Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of Ascorbic Acid -- V. Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of N-Nitroso Compounds -- VI. Ascorbic Acid and Carcinogenesis in Man -- VII. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 5?-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) and Its Relationship to Tumor Induction and Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Vitamin E as an Antitumor Agent -- III. Nitroso Compounds -- IV. Formation of N-Nitroso Compounds -- V. Blocking N-Nitroso Compound Formation -- VI. ?-Tocopherol Applications -- VII. Ascorbic Acid and Tocopherol Effect on Preformed Nitrosamines -- VIII. Summary -- References -- 6Trace Elements and Metals as Anticarcinogens -- I. Introduction -- II. Selenium -- III. Zinc -- IV. Copper -- V. Other Trace Elements and Metals -- VI. Closing Remarks -- References -- 7Plant Sterols: Protective Role in Chemical Carcinogenesis -- I. Background -- II. Plant Sterols: Structure and Function -- III. Animal Test Systems -- IV. Results -- V. Discussion -- References -- 8Immunoprevention -- I. Introduction -- II. Detection of Tumor-Associated Antigens in Experimental Rat Bowel Carcinomas -- III. Evidence that Embryonic Antigens are Associated with Bowel Carcinomas -- IV. Enhanced 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Tumorigenesis in Immunosuppressed Rats -- V. Inhibitory Effect on Bowel Carcinogenesis by Immunization with Transplantable Syngeneic Colon Carcinoma -- VI. Inhibitory Effect on Bowel Carcinogenesis by Immunization with Fetal Tissue -- VII. Inhibition of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Carcinogenesis in Multiparous Rats -- VIII. Effect of Tumor Resection on the Development of Additional Primary Tumors -- IX. Regression of Early Primary Bowel Carcinomas by Multimodal Immunological Treatment -- X. Conclusions -- References -- 9Summation and Future Challenges -- I. Introduction -- II. Challenges to Chemists and Molecular and Cell Biologists -- III. Challenges to Epidemiologists and Oncologists.
    Abstract: The primary purpose of this book is to bring to the attention of members of the medical and scientific communities, as well as to other interested persons, a new and expanding area of investigation that features the use of chemicals for the prevention of tumor induction and development. This novel use of chemical compounds has succeeded in producing a remarkable series of discoveries in recent years. Some of these are beginning to be evaluated in the field of clinical oncology in a manner that has potentially enormous public health implications. It is anticipated, therefore, that increasing amounts of time, energy, and financial resources will be devoted to the further development and expansion of this work. The major contribution of this book at the present time is that it summarizes and brings up to date the pioneering efforts of the various scientists who originated this new and exciting field of scientific activity. The thoughts expressed by Louis Pasteur in 1884 may soon be applicable in the fight against cancer: "When meditating over a disease, I never think of finding a remedy for it, but instead a means of preventing it. " The emphasis on cancer prevention currently underway is the result, in part, of an increased awareness that the environment-geographical, cultural, and occupational-has a role in development of the disease.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468410747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 Political Psychology: a Whig History -- The Dawn of Modern Psychology -- Political Psychology Emerges in the Twentieth Century -- The Lasswellian Era: 1930–1950 -- Authoritarianism and Alienation: The 1950s -- The New Frontier in Political Psychology: Personal Efficacy and Involvement in the 1960s -- The Escalation of Psychological Approaches in the 1970s -- “Psychological” Variables: A Theoretical Note -- Summary and Concluding Statement -- References -- 2 Perception and Cognition: an Information-Processing Framework for Politics -- Some Problems in Behavioral Research on Politics -- Perception and Cognition: Clarifying the Concepts -- Perception and Politics -- Cognition and Politics -- Conclusion: The Relations between Political Thought and Political Behavior -- References -- 3 Psychobiography and Psychohistory -- Psychobiography: Causal Explanations of Individuals -- Psychobiography: Coherent Whole Explanations of Individuals -- Social Psychohistory: Causal Explanations of Group Behavior -- Social Psychohistory: Coherent Whole Explanations of Group Behavior -- References -- 4 Political Learning -- A Behaviorist Stimulus-Response Model of Political Learning -- Nonexperiential Learning -- Related Cognitive Processes -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Community Psychology -- Historical Events in the Formation of Community Psychology -- Issues in the Definition of Community Psychology -- Models of Community Psychology -- Persistent Common Concerns -- References.
    Abstract: On Revolutions That Never Were "If you want to understand what a science is," the anthropologist Clifford Geertz (1973, p. 5) has written, "you should look in the first instance not at its theories or its findings, and certainly not at what its apologists say about it; you should look at what the practitioners of it do. " If it is not always possible to follow this instruction, it is because the rate of change in scientific work is rapid and the growth of publications reporting on this work is great. It is therefore the task of a handbook, like this Hand­ book of Political Behavior, to summarize and evaluate what the practi­ tioners report. But it is always prudent to keep in mind that a handbook is only a shortcut and that there is no substitute for looking directly at what the practitioners of a science do. For when scientists are "at work" (Walter, 1971), the image of what they are doing is often quite different from that conveyed in the "briefs" that, in their own way, make a hand­ book so valuable that we cannot do without it. These reflections set the stage.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: List of Contents -- Section I Turnover of Central Neurotransmitters -- 1 The Turnover of Neurotransmitters in the Brain: An Introduction -- 2 The Turnover of Catecholamines -- 3 The Turnover of 5-Hydroxytryptamine -- 4 The Turnover of Acetylcholine -- 5 The Turnover of Transmitter Amino Acids,With Special Reference to GABA -- 6 The Turnover of Peptides -- Section II Application of Turnover Studies to Specific Problems -- Differences in Dopamine Metabolism in Rat Striatum andOlfactory Tubercle -- Changes in Central 5-Hydroxytryptamine Turnover inducedby Acute and Chronic Inhibition of the Re-uptake Process -- Tail Pinch Induced Gnawing: Voltammetric and BehaviouralEffects of Fenfluramine -- Analysis of CSF Amine Metabolites and Precursorsincluding Tryptophan, 5HIAA and HVA by HPLC using Fluorescence and Electrochemical Detection in Primates: Effects of Probenecid -- Species Differences in the Acetylation of [3H]Cholinein Cortical Slices -- The Effects of GABA Uptake Inhibitors including 2,4-Diaminobutyric Acid on GABA Metabolism in vivo -- Concomitant Determination of Endogenous Release of Dopamine, Noradrenaline, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone (TRH) from Rat Brain Slices and Synaptosomes.
    Abstract: The concept of chemical transmission in the central nervous system has taken some time to be generally accepted, but an increasing number of compounds are now being recognized as hav­ ing a transmitter role in the brain. The acetylcholine system was the first to be discovered in the periphery and its charac­ teristic features of storage of transmitter in vesicles in the nerve terminal, its electrically-evoked release and rapid extra­ neuronal breakdown were considered to be necessary criteria for any neurotransmitter candidate. The subsequent elucidation of the noradrenergic system made it apparent that rapid enzymatic breakdown was not essential for a released transmitter, and the possibility of high-affinity re-uptake processes became establ­ ished as an alternative means of terminating the synaptic actions of a transmitter. With the eventual acceptance of the amino acids as excitat­ ory or inhibitory transmitters, the requirement for a transmit­ ter to be present in a low concentration overall (although locally concentrated in specific terminals) also had to be discarded. This necessitated the additional concept of specif­ ic metabolic pools with different functions being located in different cells or within different regions of the same cell. Some localization of glutamate and aspartate remote from excit­ able membranes is clearly essential since their overall brain concentrations would be sufficient to maximally depolarize the majority of neurones in the brain. The concept of separate metabolic pools has been supported by stUdies on turnover rate (see Chapter 5).
    Description / Table of Contents: List of ContentsSection I Turnover of Central Neurotransmitters -- 1 The Turnover of Neurotransmitters in the Brain: An Introduction -- 2 The Turnover of Catecholamines -- 3 The Turnover of 5-Hydroxytryptamine -- 4 The Turnover of Acetylcholine -- 5 The Turnover of Transmitter Amino Acids,With Special Reference to GABA -- 6 The Turnover of Peptides -- Section II Application of Turnover Studies to Specific Problems -- Differences in Dopamine Metabolism in Rat Striatum andOlfactory Tubercle -- Changes in Central 5-Hydroxytryptamine Turnover inducedby Acute and Chronic Inhibition of the Re-uptake Process -- Tail Pinch Induced Gnawing: Voltammetric and BehaviouralEffects of Fenfluramine -- Analysis of CSF Amine Metabolites and Precursorsincluding Tryptophan, 5HIAA and HVA by HPLC using Fluorescence and Electrochemical Detection in Primates: Effects of Probenecid -- Species Differences in the Acetylation of [3H]Cholinein Cortical Slices -- The Effects of GABA Uptake Inhibitors including 2,4-Diaminobutyric Acid on GABA Metabolism in vivo -- Concomitant Determination of Endogenous Release of Dopamine, Noradrenaline, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone (TRH) from Rat Brain Slices and Synaptosomes.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461333890
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Wheels and tyres -- 2 Springs -- 3 Suspension principles -- 4 Suspension geometry -- 5 Conventional systems -- 6 Road-holding -- 7 Dampers -- 8 Pneumatic suspensions -- 9 Hydropneumatic suspensions -- 10 Interconnected and no-roll suspensions -- 11 A small FWD saloon car: Ford Fiesta S -- 12 A high-performance sports car: Porsche 928.
    Abstract: This book is an introduction to the elementary technology of automobile suspensions. Inevitably steering geometry must be included in the text, since the dynamic steering behaviour, road-holding and cornering behaviour are all influenced by the suspension design. Steering mechanisms and steering components are not covered in this book. This is not a mathematical treatise, but only a fool or a genius would attempt to design a motor vehicle without mathematics. The mathematics used in this book should present no problem to a first-year university student. SI units have been used in general, but for the benefit of those not familiar with them we have included in brackets, in many cases, the equivalent values in Imperial units. Many engineers regard the Pascal as an impractical unit of pressure. The author has therefore expressed pressures in bars (1 bar = 105Pa). A deviation from SI units is the use of degrees and minutes, instead of radians, to express camber, castor, roll angles, etc. This is still common practice in the motor industry. No attempt has been made to make any stress calculations on suspension components. The automobile engineering student will have access to other textbooks on such subjects as strength of materials and theory of structures.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Wheels and tyres2 Springs -- 3 Suspension principles -- 4 Suspension geometry -- 5 Conventional systems -- 6 Road-holding -- 7 Dampers -- 8 Pneumatic suspensions -- 9 Hydropneumatic suspensions -- 10 Interconnected and no-roll suspensions -- 11 A small FWD saloon car: Ford Fiesta S -- 12 A high-performance sports car: Porsche 928.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475703313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Functional Biology — What is It ? -- 1.2 The Invertebrates -- 1.3 The Hiysiological Approach -- 1.4 Physiology and Fitness -- 1.5 The Last Word on Genetics -- 2. Acquisition -- 2.1 Why Feed? -- 2.2 What is Eaten and How? -- 2.3 Detailed Consideration of What Should Be Eaten -- 2.4 How Much to Eat -- 2.5 Gut Form and Function -- 2.6 Digestibility -- 2.7 Movement of Food Through the Gut -- 2.8 Control -- 3. Respiration -- 3.1 Molecular Basis -- 3.2 Oxygen Availability and Uptake -- 3.3 Levels of Metabolism -- 3.4 Routine Metabolism and the Effect of Body Size -- 3.5 Metabolism Associated with Feeding -- 3.6 Active Metabolism -- 3.7 Effect of Temperature -- 4. Excretion -- 4.1 What is It? -- 4.2 The ‘Excretory System’ -- 4.3 Energy Costs and Benefits -- 4.4 Secretions -- 5. Growth -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Metabolic Basis -- 5.3 Distribution of limited and Unlimited Growth -- 5.4 Cellular Basis -- 5.5 Adaptational Aspects -- 5.6 On When to Stop Growing -- 5.7 Storage as a Special Kind of Growth -- 5.8 Allometric Growth -- 5.9 On Growth and Ageing -- 5.10 On Degrowth and Rejuvenation -- 6. Reproduction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sexual Gamete Production, Fertilisation and Early Development -- 63 Marine Life-cycles and the Trade-off Between Egg Size and Numbers -- 6.4 Eggs of Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrates -- 6.5 The Complex Insect Life-cycle -- 6.6 The Cost of Reproduction For Parental Survival (Iteroparity v. Semelparity) -- 6.7 Reproduction Without Sex -- 7. Integration -- 7.1 Why the Holistic Approach is Important -- 7.2 The Energy Budget as an Integrating Equation -- 7.3 Scope for Growth in Mytilus -- 7.4 Integration Under Temperature Stress -- 7.5 Integration Under Food Stress -- 7.6 Modelling Metabolism -- References -- Glossary of Symbols -- Index of Organisms.
    Abstract: Courses on the invertebrates have two principal aims: (1) to introduce students to the diversity of animal life and (2) to make them aware that organisms are marvellously integrated systems with evolutionary pasts and ecological presents. This text is concerned exclusively with the second aim and assumes that the reader will already know something about the diversity and classification of invertebrates. Concepts of whole-organism function, metabolism and adaptation form the core of the subject-matter and this is also considered in an ecological setting. Hence, the approach is multi-disciplinary, drawing from principles normally restricted to comparative morphology and physiology ,ecology and evolutionary biology. Invertebrate courses, as with all others in a science curriculum, also have another aim - to make students aware of the general methods of science. And these I take to be associated with the so-called hypothetico­ deductive programme. Here, therefore, I make a conscious effort to formulate simple, some might say naive, hypotheses and to confront them with quantitative data from the real world. There are, for example, as many graphs in the book as illustrations of animals. My aim, though, has not been to test out the principles of Darwinism, but rather to sharpen our focus on physiological adaptations, given the assumption that Darwinism is approximately correct. Whether or not I succeed remains for the reader to decide.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction1.1 Functional Biology - What is It ? -- 1.2 The Invertebrates -- 1.3 The Hiysiological Approach -- 1.4 Physiology and Fitness -- 1.5 The Last Word on Genetics -- 2. Acquisition -- 2.1 Why Feed? -- 2.2 What is Eaten and How? -- 2.3 Detailed Consideration of What Should Be Eaten -- 2.4 How Much to Eat -- 2.5 Gut Form and Function -- 2.6 Digestibility -- 2.7 Movement of Food Through the Gut -- 2.8 Control -- 3. Respiration -- 3.1 Molecular Basis -- 3.2 Oxygen Availability and Uptake -- 3.3 Levels of Metabolism -- 3.4 Routine Metabolism and the Effect of Body Size -- 3.5 Metabolism Associated with Feeding -- 3.6 Active Metabolism -- 3.7 Effect of Temperature -- 4. Excretion -- 4.1 What is It? -- 4.2 The ‘Excretory System’ -- 4.3 Energy Costs and Benefits -- 4.4 Secretions -- 5. Growth -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Metabolic Basis -- 5.3 Distribution of limited and Unlimited Growth -- 5.4 Cellular Basis -- 5.5 Adaptational Aspects -- 5.6 On When to Stop Growing -- 5.7 Storage as a Special Kind of Growth -- 5.8 Allometric Growth -- 5.9 On Growth and Ageing -- 5.10 On Degrowth and Rejuvenation -- 6. Reproduction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sexual Gamete Production, Fertilisation and Early Development -- 63 Marine Life-cycles and the Trade-off Between Egg Size and Numbers -- 6.4 Eggs of Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrates -- 6.5 The Complex Insect Life-cycle -- 6.6 The Cost of Reproduction For Parental Survival (Iteroparity v. Semelparity) -- 6.7 Reproduction Without Sex -- 7. Integration -- 7.1 Why the Holistic Approach is Important -- 7.2 The Energy Budget as an Integrating Equation -- 7.3 Scope for Growth in Mytilus -- 7.4 Integration Under Temperature Stress -- 7.5 Integration Under Food Stress -- 7.6 Modelling Metabolism -- References -- Glossary of Symbols -- Index of Organisms.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489930637
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 678 p) , online resource
    Edition: Third Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Powder Technology Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering ; Surfaces (Physics) ; Control engineering. ; Measurement. ; Measuring instruments. ; Materials
    Abstract: Sampling of powders -- Sampling of dusty gases in gas streams -- Sampling and sizing from the atmosphere -- Particle size, shape and distribution -- Sieving -- Microscopy -- Interaction between particles and fluids in a gravitational field -- Dispersion of powders -- Incremental methods of sedimentation size analysis -- Cumulative methods of sedimentation size analysis -- Fluid classification -- Centrifugal methods -- The electrical sensing zone method of particle size distribution determination (the Coulter principle) -- Radiation scattering methods of particle size determination -- Permeametry and gas diffusion -- Gas adsorption -- Other methods for determining surface area -- Determination of pore size distribution by gas adsorption -- Mercury porosimetry -- On-line particle size analysis.
    Abstract: Although man's environment, from the interstellar dust to the earth beneath his feet, is composed to a large extent of finely divided material, his knowledge of the propert­ ies of such materials is surprisingly slight. For many years the scientist has accepted that matter may exist as solids, liquids or gases although the dividing line between the states may often be rather blurred; this classification has been upset by powders, which at rest are solids, when aerated may behave as liquids, and when suspended in gases take on some of the properties of gases. It is now widely recognized that powder technology is a field of study in its own right. The industrial applications of this new science are far reaching. The size of fine particles affects the properties of a powder in many important ways. For example, it determines the setting time of cement, the hiding power of pigments and the activity of chemical catalysts; the taste of food, the potency of drugs and the sintering shrink­ age of metallurgical powders are also strongly affected by the size of the particles of which the powder is made up. Particle size measurement is to powder technology as thermometry is to the study of heat and is in the same state of flux as thermometry was in its early days. Only in the case of a sphere can the size of a particle be completely described by one number.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468437492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 485 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Keynote Paper -- Session I. Enzyme Production -- Session II. Enzymes and Energy Transduction -- Session III: Biomass Conversion -- Session IV: Biomedical and Analytical Applications of Enzymes and Antibodies -- Session V: Large-Scale Transformations Using Bound Enzymes -- Session VI: Immobilized Cells and Organelles -- Session VII: Bound Enzymes and the Synthesis of Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: Enzyme technology continues to maintain a high degree of interest both in the academic and industrial communities. Since the last Enzyme Engineering Conference held in Bad Neuenahr, Federal Republic of Germany, two years ago, an increasing emphasis has been placed on the study and application of immobilized whole cells and organelles. This new emphasis has been reflected in the number of presentations directed to this area. The Fifth International Enzyme Engineering Conference was held in Henniker, New Hampshire, July 29 to August 3, 1979. The organizers of this conference are especially grateful for the generous support received from a number of industrial organizations. The conference was attended by 183 participants representing over 22 countries making this truly an international conference. During this conference, emphasis was placed on a wide variety of areas including: enzyme production, energy transduction, co­ factor modification, biomass conversion, immobilized enzymes, cells and organelles, and enzymatic synthesis of chemicals and pharma­ ceuticals. This volume contains most of the presentations and posters presented at the Fifth Conference. The names of the session co­ chairmen, workshop chairmen, committee members and sponsoring organizations are included as an appreciation of their efforts in making this a successful conference. The preparation of this volume was carried out by the editors including editing and proofing of the individual manuscripts and the final copy of this volume. The editors are indebted to Ms. S.
    Description / Table of Contents: Keynote PaperSession I. Enzyme Production -- Session II. Enzymes and Energy Transduction -- Session III: Biomass Conversion -- Session IV: Biomedical and Analytical Applications of Enzymes and Antibodies -- Session V: Large-Scale Transformations Using Bound Enzymes -- Session VI: Immobilized Cells and Organelles -- Session VII: Bound Enzymes and the Synthesis of Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals -- List of Participants.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468469912
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. The Approaching Energy Disaster -- 1. What Is Energy? -- 2. What Part Does Energy Play in Our Lives? -- 3. How Do We Get Our Energy Right Now? -- 4. Shall We Run Out of Energy in Our Time? -- 5. How Long Does It Take to Develop and Build Up a New Technology? -- II. Alternatives: What Could Replace Our Exhausting Fuels? -- 6. The Dream of Cheap, Clean Atomic Energy -- 7. Fission Reactors-What Can Go Wrong -- 8. Dreaming About the Future: Abundant Clean Energy from Atomic Fusion -- 9. The Most Available Energy Source: The Sun -- 10. Converting Solar Energy to Useful Fuel -- 11. Household Energy from the Sun -- 12. Transport and Industry Run On Electricity and Hydrogen -- 13. Tides, Geothermal Heat, and the Big Winds -- 14. Energy Storage and Transmission -- III. The Hydrogen Economy -- 15. Methods of Mass-Producing Hydrogen -- 16. The Storage of Abundant Clean Energy -- 17. Beyond the Hydrogen Economy: Some Futuristic Ideas -- IV. Extrascientific Considerations -- 18. The Politics of Survival -- 19. Answers.
    Abstract: The Three Mile Island accident, the periodic occurrence of long gas lines until sufficient price increases are achieved, our dependence on foreign powers for a large fraction of our energy supply, and continual controversy in our government and concerned public groups all point to the real pre­ sence of an energy crisis. Even the government has finally publicly acknow­ ledged the fact that our present fuel sources will run out soon enough to be of concern to us now. This knowledge should raise many questions in the minds of our citizens. When will our sources run out, or at least become too expensive to afford? What could replace them, and which alternatives are best? When we hear about these matters in the news media, we get many contradictory opinions, mainly concerning coal and nuclear energy. Most of us realize that the reintroduction of coal on a massive scale would give rise to considerable pollution difficulties. Many people are also waking to an awareness of the dangers of nuclear reactors. When we turn to scientists for answers, we find that each one seems to advise us that a single path to new energy sources is the best-of course, each scientist tends to advise his own path.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Approaching Energy Disaster1. What Is Energy? -- 2. What Part Does Energy Play in Our Lives? -- 3. How Do We Get Our Energy Right Now? -- 4. Shall We Run Out of Energy in Our Time? -- 5. How Long Does It Take to Develop and Build Up a New Technology? -- II. Alternatives: What Could Replace Our Exhausting Fuels? -- 6. The Dream of Cheap, Clean Atomic Energy -- 7. Fission Reactors-What Can Go Wrong -- 8. Dreaming About the Future: Abundant Clean Energy from Atomic Fusion -- 9. The Most Available Energy Source: The Sun -- 10. Converting Solar Energy to Useful Fuel -- 11. Household Energy from the Sun -- 12. Transport and Industry Run On Electricity and Hydrogen -- 13. Tides, Geothermal Heat, and the Big Winds -- 14. Energy Storage and Transmission -- III. The Hydrogen Economy -- 15. Methods of Mass-Producing Hydrogen -- 16. The Storage of Abundant Clean Energy -- 17. Beyond the Hydrogen Economy: Some Futuristic Ideas -- IV. Extrascientific Considerations -- 18. The Politics of Survival -- 19. Answers.
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