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  • Online Resource  (58)
  • Boston, MA : Springer US  (58)
  • Philosophy (General)  (58)
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  • Online Resource  (58)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9781461419488
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 248 p. 22 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Peace Psychology Book Series
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Europe Economic policy ; Consciousness ; Applied psychology ; Psychology
    URL: Cover
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461404484
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIX, 647 p. 63 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: International and Cultural Psychology
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Handbook of ethnic conflict
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology, clinical ; Consciousness ; Applied psychology ; Psychology ; Conflict management ; Ethnic conflict ; Minderheitenfrage ; Konfliktregelung ; Kulturpsychologie ; Handbuch
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9780387883700
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: The Springer Series on Human Exceptionality
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Assessing Emotional Intelligence
    DDC: 155.2
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychiatry ; Economics ; Applied psychology ; Consciousness ; Psychology ; Gefühl ; Intelligenz ; Psychometrie ; Psychologische Diagnostik ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Gefühl ; Intelligenz ; Psychometrie
    URL: Cover
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9780387309149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Cognition and Language
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Javier, Rafael Art. The bilingual mind
    DDC: 616.89
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages ; Psychology, clinical ; Psychology ; Psychology, clinical ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages ; Philosophy (General) ; Psycholinguistics methods ; Cultural Characteristics ; Cultural Diversity ; Public Policy ; Multilingualism ; Bilingualism Psychological aspects ; Zweisprachigkeit ; Kulturelle Identität ; Zweisprachigkeit ; Kulturelle Identität ; Persönlichkeitspsychologie ; Zweisprachigkeit ; Kulturelle Identität ; Persönlichkeitspsychologie
    Abstract: As bilingual individuals enter the educational system and the clinical landscape, they struggle with intricate, often painful questions of identity, culture, and assimilation. Professionals working with these individuals need to complement their knowledge of specific cultural issues with the psychological processes that all bilingual speakers share. The Bilingual Mind: Thinking, Feeling, and Speaking in Two Languages fills a critical gap in the cross-cultural literature by illuminating the bilingual experience in both its social and clinical contexts. Rafael Javier makes a convincing, empirically founded case for what he terms the bilingual mind, with its own particular approach to cognition, memory, and emotional and social development. From this framework, he proceeds to salient but seldom examined questions such as: What are the effects of bilingualism on cognitive development? Is some degree of language shifting always present in bilingual thinking? Do interpreters improve or compromise communication? What assessment instruments are best suited to bilingual individuals? What are the key issues in providing appropriate treatment interventions to bilingual patients? How can professionals be better trained to work with this population? Given the prevalence of -- and controversies surrounding-- bilingualism today, the author intends his text to benefit a wide range of therapists, education professionals, and scholars. The Bilingual Mind will prove as valuable to the frontline clinician and the evaluator as to the linguistic student and the policymaker designing the future of bilingual services.
    Description / Table of Contents: Bilingualism and Social Context: An Introduction; Is There a Bilingual Mind?; The Bilingual Linguistic Organization; Language Switching As a Communication; Bilingual Memory and the Language of Affect; Communication Through Interpreters; Issues in Assessing the Bilingual Individual; Treatment of the Bilingual Patients; Future of Bilingualism: What Should be Our Response?
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9780387463414
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 207 p, digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Women Over 50
    DDC: 616.89
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Geriatrics ; Psychology, clinical ; Sexual behavior ; Developmental psychology ; Psychology ; Geriatrics ; Psychology, clinical ; Sexual behavior ; Philosophy (General) ; Developmental psychology ; Frau ; Psychologie
    Abstract: A womans middle age had traditionally been regarded as a time of loss and decline. But in the wake of the women's movement and other societal and cultural events, a profound shift has taken place. Far from being marginalized, midlife women stand at the forefront of a great transformation of cultural perceptions and attitudes. They are rejecting stereotypes, embracing new opportunities, and forming what this important book terms 'a new collective middle-aged identity.' Women over 50: Psychological Perspectives analyzes the challenges, benefits, coping strategies, problems, and accomplishments associated with the midlife experience. Ten chapters present the state of research (and correct longstanding myths) regarding significant aspects of middle-aged women's lives: Mind-body: illness, body image, exercise Love, romance, and sexuality Friendship and support systems 'The sandwich generation' Re-creating the role of grandmothers Retirement and financial stability Using personal empowerment to empower others Quality of life and future directions Women over 50 bridges a major knowledge gap in the feminist-psychology literature, making it an essential resource for clinicians and advanced students. It balances optimism and realism about older womens livesand younger womens futures.
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Foreword""; ""Contents""; ""Contributors""; ""Introduction""; ""1 Body Image Issues of Women Over 50""; ""2 Women and Sex at Midlife: Desire, Dysfunction, and Diversity""; ""3 Living Longer, Healthier Lives""; ""4 On the Move: Exercise, Leisure Activities, and Midlife Women""; ""5 The Well-being and Quality of Life of Women Over 50: A Gendered-Age Perspective""; ""6 Enjoying the Returns: Women's Friendships After 50""; ""7 Contemporary Midlife Grandparenthood""; ""8 Women Over 50: Caregiving Issues""; ""9 Work and Retirement: Challenges and Opportunities for Women Over 50""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""10 Empowerment: A Prime Time for Women Over 50""""Index""
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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    URL: Cover
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9780387326443
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 237 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Longitudinal Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Series
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Kaplan, Howard B. The cycle of deviant behavior
    DDC: 155.4
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Criminology ; Developmental psychology ; Psychology ; Eltern ; Abweichendes Verhalten ; Nachkomme ; Längsschnittuntersuchung
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9780387227870
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 195 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Longitudinal Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences An Interdisciplinary Series
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Owens, Timothy J. From adolescence to adulthood in the Vietnam era
    DDC: 305.235/1/097309046
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology ; Amerikaner ; Lebenslauf ; Vietnamkrieg ; Längsschnittuntersuchung
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9780387232898
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 307 p, digital)
    Series Statement: International and Cultural Psychology Series
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Social change and psychosocial adaptation in the Pacific Islands
    DDC: 303.4091823
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Applied psychology ; Psychology ; Social change Pacific Area ; Congresses ; Social change Oceania ; Congresses ; Culture conflict Pacific Area ; Congresses ; Culture conflict Oceania ; Congresses ; Social problems Pacific Area ; Congresses ; Social problems Oceania ; Congresses ; Ozeanien ; Sozialer Wandel ; Soziale Situation ; Kulturkontakt ; Pacific Area Social conditions ; Congresses
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461510635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 289 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology, clinical ; Consciousness ; Social psychology. ; Personality. ; Neuropsychology. ; Clinical psychology. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: The study of facial expression has been approached from a variety of perspectives, both theoretical and methodological. The strong foundations laid by the early pioneers have attracted researchers from a number of disciplines, such as psychology, physiology, and ethology. This volume marks the first time that a collection of contemporary facial scoring techniques and their utility, whether clinical, experimental, theoretical, or otherwise, follows an historical introduction of the area, thereby recording the developmental history of this science
    Description / Table of Contents: Section A: Culture, Evolution, History and Medicine1: Foreign faces: A Voyage to the Land of EEPICA -- 2: Human Face in Biological Anthropology: Craniometry, Evolution and Forensic Identificati -- 3: The Face in Medicine and Psychology: A Conceptual History -- 4: Neurology of Human Facial Expression -- Section B: Measurement and Meaning -- 5: FACEM: The Facial Expression Measurement System -- 6: Facial Affect Recognition Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Case for Applying Facial Measurement Techniques -- 7: Context-Analysis of Facial-Affective Behavior in Clinical Populati -- 8: Causes and Reasons in Failures to Perceive Fearful Faces -- 9: Recognition of Emotion Specific Populations: Compensation, Deficit or Sepcific (Dis)Abilities? -- 10: Facial Expression and the Self-Report of Pain by Children -- 11: What Facial Activity Can and Cannot Tell Us about Emotions -- 12: Facial Expressions as Indicators of “Functional” and “Dysfunctional” Emotional Processes -- 13: Getting to Know your Patient: How Facial Expression Can Help Reveal True Emotion.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9781461506690
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 260 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 150
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology, clinical ; Psychopharmacology ; Health psychology. ; Psychology. ; Sociology. ; Psychiatry. ; Clinical health psychology.
    Abstract: In both developed nations and the developing world, there is a clear trend towards addressing alcohol, tobacco, and other drug problems through health and social services. There are several persuasive arguments for this shift beyond pure economics, which include comorbidity, cost effectiveness, coordination of care and effectiveness. This is the first volume to pull together effective methods that can be used for addressing substance abuse through health and social service systems. It also integrates interventions for a range of drugs of abuse, rather than focusing on only one (such as alcohol). The book's international perspective also makes this a unique contribution to the existing literature
    Description / Table of Contents: A. Three Questions1. What is the Scope of the Problem and Its Impact on Health and Social Systems? -- 2. Is “Treatment” the Right Way to Think about It? -- 3. Questioning the Effectiveness of Addiction Treatments: What is the Evidence? -- B. Intervening Through Health Care Systems -- 4. Intervening through Primary Health Care -- 5. Intervening through the Emergency Department and Trauma Center -- 6. Establishing and Maintaining Evidence-Based Treatment in Community Programs -- 7. Intervening through Pharmacy Services -- 8. The Case of Tobacco -- C. Intervening Through Mental Health Services -- 9. Interrelationship of Substance Abuse with Mental Health Problems -- 10. Integrating Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment: A Meta-Analytic Review -- D. Intervening Through Social Systems -- 11. Interrelationship of Substance Abuse and Social Problems -- 12. Intervening through the Social Welfare System: A Proposed Contingency Management Program with Implications for Workfare Planning -- 13. Intervening through the School System -- 14. Substance Abuse Treatment and Corrections -- 15. Missing Work: The Decline in Infrastructure and Support for Workplace Alcohol Intervention in the United States, with Implications for Developments in Other Nations -- 16. Intervening through Social Support Networks -- 17. Substance Abuse among Displaced and Indigenous Peoples -- E. Conclusions -- 18. Integrated Care: The Need for Evidence-Based Policy, Prevention, and Treatment.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9781461506058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 404 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal reasoning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help of traditional notions of reasoning, such as classical logic. Understanding the contribution of modeling practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires expanding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philosophy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model-based reasoning considered in this book. The term `model' comprises both internal and external representations. The models are intended as interpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain. Moreover, in the modeling process, various forms of abstraction are used. Evaluation and adaptation take place in the light of structural, causal, and/or functional constraints. Model simulation can be used to produce new states and enable evaluation of behaviors and other factors. The various contributions of the book are written by interdisciplinary researchers who are active in the area of creative reasoning in science and technology: the most recent results and achievements in the topics above are illustrated in the chapters
    Description / Table of Contents: Metaphor-Based Values in Scientific ModelsAnalogy in Scientific Discovery: The Case of Johannes Kepler -- Model Experiments and Models in Experiments -- Models, Simulations, and Experiments -- Calibration of Models in Experiments -- The Development of Scientific Taxonomies -- Production, Science and Epistemology. An Overview on New Models and Scenarios -- Modeling Practices and “Tradition” -- Modeling Data: Analogies in Neural Networks, Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms -- Perceptual Simulation in Analogical Problem Solving -- Building Demand Models to Improve Environmental Policy Process -- Toward a Computational Model of Hypothesis Formation and Model Building in Science -- Models as Parts of Distributed Cognitive Systems -- Conceptual Models, Inquiry and the Problem of Deriving Normative Claims from a Naturalistic Base -- Dynamic Imagery: A Computational Model of Motion and Visual Analogy -- Model-Based Reasoning and Similarity in the World -- Epistemic Artifacts: Michael Faraday’s Search for the Optical Effects of Gold -- Epistemic Mediators and Model-Based Discovery in Science -- Deterministic Models and the “Unimportance of the Inevitable” -- Mental Models in Conceptual Development -- Modeling Core Knowledge and Practices in a Computational Approach to Innovation Process -- Author Index.
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    URL: Cover
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781441986726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 200 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Industrial management ; Ethics ; Management. ; Finance.
    Abstract: Jacques Cory's second book Activist Business Ethics expands upon the theoretical concepts developed in his first book Business Ethics: The Ethical Revolution of Minority Shareholders published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in March 2001. Activist business ethics is needed in order to remedy the wrongdoing committed to stakeholders and minority shareholders. This will be achieved by cooperation between ethical businessmen, activist academics, stakeholders and minority shareholders. We should treat others as we would want others to treat us, not through interest, but by conviction. Yet this principle is not the guideline of many companies in the modern business world, despite the fact that most religions and philosophers have advocated it in the last 3,000 years. How can we convince or compel modern business to apply this principle? And is it essential to the success of economy? In order to answer these questions this book examines the evolution of activist business ethics in business, in democracies, in Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, in philosophy and psychology. The book examines international aspects, the personification of stakeholders, the predominance of values and ethics for CEOs and the inefficient safeguards of the stakeholders' interests. The book presents new vehicles for the safeguard of those interests, such as the Internet, Transparency, Ethical Funds and Activist Associations, and future activist vehicles, such as the Supervision Board and the Institute of Ethics. Today everybody is a stakeholder and a minority shareholder of a company, directly or through our pension funds, or as a client, a supplier, a member of a community and a citizen. The principal premise of the book is, therefore, that ultimately the wrongdoers act against themselves. The book is woven with many references on ethics and business ethics from the professional and classic world literature, the Bible and other religious texts, poetry, maxims, and folk tales; showing that ethical problems are similar throughout the ages and cultures, but some of the solutions given in this book are new and original. Activist Business Ethics is primarily intended for the academic market and is particularly appropriate for academics in business administration, ethics and finance. It should also appeal strongly to the professional business/finance market, and to stakeholders and minority shareholders as well, who are aware of the wrongdoing committed to them and who want to remedy the ...
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. Activist ethics in Business -- 3. Ethical and Democratic Evolution -- 4. Activist Business Ethics in Christianity -- 5. Activist Business Ethics in Judaism -- 6. Activist Business Ethics in other Religions -- 7. Activist Business Ethics in Philosophy -- 8. Psychological and Psychoanalytical Aspects -- 9. International Aspects -- 10. The Personification of Stakeholders -- 11. The Predominance of Values and Ethics for CEOs -- 12. The Methodological Approach of the Book -- 13. The Inefficient Existing Safeguards of the Stakeholders’ Interests -- 14. Internet, Transparency, Activist Associations and Ethical Funds -- 15. Future Activist Vehicles - The Supervision Board -- 16. Future activist vehicles - The Institute of Ethics -- 17. Conclusion.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461506553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 232 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.4
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Developmental psychology ; Consciousness ; Social psychology. ; Child psychology. ; Sociology. ; Personality. ; School psychology. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: The authors surveyed over 9,000 seventh grade students in the Houston Independent School District up to three times during their junior high school years and once as young adults between 1971 and 1980. Drawing on the extensive data gathered from this longitudinal survey, Kaplan and Johnson develop and test a comprehensive theoretical statement about the social and social psychological processes involved in the onset and course of deviant behavior
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Deviant Behavior1. Toward a General Theory of Deviant Behavior -- 2. Method -- II. Deviant Behavior in Adolescence -- 3. An Elaboration Strategy for the Study of Deviant Behavior -- 4. Gender as a Moderator in Explanations of Adolescent Deviance -- 5. Multigroup Analysis of the General Theory of Deviant Behavior: Three-Wave Panel Analysis by Race -- III. Deviant Behavior from Adolescence to Young Adulthood -- 6. Deviance from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: The Experience of White-Anglo Adolescents -- 7. Deviance and Gender: Adolescence to Young Adulthood -- IV. Summary And Conclusions -- 8. The Study of Deviant Behavior: Retrospect and Prospect -- References.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461565888
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Finance. ; Management.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Inefficient Safeguards of the Minority Shareholders -- 3. The Attitude of Society -- 4. The Excessive Privileges of the Majority Shareholders -- 5. Internet and Transparency as Ethical Vehicles -- 6. Ethical Funds -- 7. Activist Associations, ‘Transparency International’, ‘Adam’ -- 8. Case Study of the French Company Loskron -- 9. Case Study of the Israeli/American Company Furolias -- 10. Case Study of the Israeli Companies Erinsar and Soktow -- 11. Case Study of the American Company Mastoss -- 12. Class Actions -- 13. 36 Laws of Wrongdoing to Minority Shareholders in Unethical Companies -- 14. Conclusion.
    Abstract: "Morten: And what are we going to do, when you have made liberal-minded and high-minded men of us? Dr. Stockman: Then you shall drive all the wolves out of the country, my boys!" (Ibsen, An Enemy of the People, Act V) The theoretical and empirical research of this book describes how the traditional safeguards of the rights of minority shareholders have failed in their duty and how those shareholders have remained practically without any protection against the arbitrariness of the companies and majority shareholders. The law, the SEC, society, boards of directors, independent directors, auditors, analysts, underwriters and the press have remained in many cases worthless panaceas. Nevertheless, in the Ethics of 2000 new vehicles have been developed for the protection of minority shareholders, mainly the Internet, transparency, activist associations and ethical funds. Those vehicles give the shareholders at least the chance to understand the pattern and methods that are utilized to wrong them and give them a viable alternative for investment in ethical funds. The new vehicles will prevent minority shareholders from using the Armageddon weapon, by ceasing to invest in the stock exchange and causing the collapse of the system, that discriminates against them.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. The Inefficient Safeguards of the Minority Shareholders -- 3. The Attitude of Society -- 4. The Excessive Privileges of the Majority Shareholders -- 5. Internet and Transparency as Ethical Vehicles -- 6. Ethical Funds -- 7. Activist Associations, ‘Transparency International’, ‘Adam’ -- 8. Case Study of the French Company Loskron -- 9. Case Study of the Israeli/American Company Furolias -- 10. Case Study of the Israeli Companies Erinsar and Soktow -- 11. Case Study of the American Company Mastoss -- 12. Class Actions -- 13. 36 Laws of Wrongdoing to Minority Shareholders in Unethical Companies -- 14. Conclusion.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461515456
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 257 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Humanities ; Anthropology ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Evolutionary Theory and Human Nature is an original, highly theoretical work dealing with the transition from genes to behavior using general principles of evolution, especially those of sexual selection. It seeks to develop a seamless transition from genes to human motivations as bio-electric brain processes (emotional-cognitive processes), to human nature propensities (various constellations of emotional-cognitive forces, desires and fears) to species typical patterns of behavior. This work covers two often antagonistic fields: biology and the social sciences. It should be of strong interest to anthropologists, sociologists, sociobiologists, psychobiologists and psychologists who are interested in the question of human nature influences on social behavior
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 In Search of Human Nature: Reason and RationalityReason As Rationality -- In Search of an Empirical Science of Human Behaviour -- Summary and Conclusions -- 2 Biology and the Social Sciences: The Issue of Morality -- Darwin-s Impact -- Biology and the Social Sciences; The Search for Morality -- Summary and Conclusions -- 3 Biology and the Social Sciences: Epistemological and Ontological Issues -- The Problem of Causation -- Human Nature and the Problem of ‘Pre-knowledge’ -- The Problem of Classification: Significance and Unity -- In Search of Human Nature -- Summary and Conclusions -- 4 Human Nature: Emotional-Cognitive Processes -- Emotionality and Cognition: Meaning and Significance -- The Biology of Emotional-Cognitive Processing -- Summary and Conclusions -- 5 The Psychology of Human Emotional-Cognitive Processing -- Species Typical Emotional-Cognitive Motivators -- The Evolution of Human Desires -- The Evolution of Human Fears -- Summary and Conclusions -- 6 Advanced Cognition -- Evaluating -- Delineating -- Deception and Self-deception -- Summary and Conclusions -- 7 Human Nature and Social Propensities -- Human Nature and the Processes of Political Society -- The Search for Vengeance and the Social Order -- Controlling Self and Others -- Summary and Conclusions -- 8 In Search of Political Society -- Social Boundaries -- Hierarchy, Politics and Spirituality -- In Search of Natural Kinds of Behaviour -- Conclusions: A Science of Behaviour -- Notes -- References.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9781461515913
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 225 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Environmental sciences ; Ethics ; Economic policy ; Life sciences. ; Environment.
    Abstract: In the last three decades, bioethics has matured into a field of study with several areas of concentration, including medical ethics, environmental ethics and more recently, genetic ethics. For reasons related to both the developmental history of the subject and to the poignancy of the problems presented, most textbooks and collections of essays have dealt with only a single area, medical ethics. In fact, to many not in the field, the word bioethics has become synonymous with medical ethics. The aim of this collection of essays, entitled New Dimensions in Bioethics: Science, Ethics and the Formation of Public Policy, is to enlarge this restrictive vision of the field as it is usually studied at universities. By combining essays relevant to medical ethics with companion essays on environmental ethics and genetic ethics, the book emphasizes similarities in the methods of analysis used in diverse bioethical problems, whether dealing with genes, with people or the environment. In this way, New Dimensions in Bioethics: Science, Ethics and the Formation of Public Policy, hopes to contribute to the intellectual unity of the subject and to suggest changes in the way bioethics can be taught and studied at both the graduate and undergraduate level
    Description / Table of Contents: II. The Social Function of the Scientist: The Ethics of Truth TellingIII. Genetics -- Race, Genes & Human Origins: How Genetically Diverse are We? -- Can Agricultural Biotechnology Solve World Hunger Problems?: The Role of Regulations and Oligopolies -- Genetic Predisposition and the Politics of Prediction -- IV. Environment -- Scale, Awareness and Conscience: The Moral Terrain of Ecological Vulnerability -- Pesticide Use: Ethical, Environmental, and Public Health Implications -- Falling Leaves and Ethical Dilemmas: Agent Orange in Vietnam -- Animal Matters -- Environmental Values in Peace and War -- V. Medicine -- Roe v. Wade as a Counter-Revolutionary Manifesto: A Retrospective View -- Home Sweet Hospital: The Nature and Limits of Family Responsibilities for Home Health Care -- Ethics and Public Policy in a Democracy: The Case of Human Embryo Research -- Human Sacrifice and Human Experimentation: Reflections at Nuremberg.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9781461543978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 357 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 150
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Psychopharmacology ; Social psychology. ; Psychology. ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Psychiatry.
    Abstract: The assessment of individual differences has generated shockwaves affecting sociology, education, and a number of other behavioral sciences as well as the fields of management and organizational behavior. In covering the assessment of individual differences, this book pays tribute to the interests and activities that Douglas N. Jackson has incorporated into his career as a psychologist. He continues to be a leader in putting academic findings to practical use. He has also inspired generations of students with his mastery of complex concepts and as a personal example of the ability to balance several simultaneous areas of research. Consistent with the focus of Jackson's research, the theme of this book will be how the use of deductive, construct-driven strategies in the assessment of individual differences leads to benefits in terms of the applicability of the assessment instruments and the clarity of the conclusions that can be drawn from the research
    Description / Table of Contents: Section I. Conceptual and Methodological Influences in the Assessment of Individual Differences1. Consequences of Test Interpretation and Use: The Fusion of Validity and Values in Psychological Assessment -- 2. The Role of Social Desirability in the Assessment of Personality Constructs -- 3. Construct Explication through Factor or Component Analysis: A Review and Evaluation of Alternative Procedures for Determining the Number of Factors or Components -- 4. Improved Standard Errors of Standardized Parameters in Covariance Structure Models: Implications for Construct Explication -- Section II. Construct-Oriented Assessment Within the Domain of Personality -- 5. Application of the Construct Heuristic to the Screening of Psychopathology: The Holden Psychological Screening Inventory (HPSI) -- 6. Construct Validity and the Search for Cross-Cultural Consistencies in Personality -- 7. The Challenge of Construct Validity in the Assessment of Psychopathology -- 8. Individual Differences and Scientific Productivity -- 9. Recent Studies of Intelligence and Personality using Jackson’s Multidimensional Aptitude Battery and Personality Research Form -- Section III. Construct-Oriented Assessment of Individual Differences in Industrial/ Organizational Psychology -- 10. The Assessment of Personality Constructs in Industrial-Organizational Psychology -- 11. Predicting Job Performance using Personality Constructs: Are Personality Tests Created Equal? -- 12. What Constructs Underlie Measures of Honesty or Integrity? -- 13. Construct Validation in Organizational Behavior Research: The Case of Organizational Commitment -- 14. The Construct of Goal Commitment: Measurement and Relationships with Task Performance -- 15. A Perspective -- Author and Subject Index.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461542377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 504 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: The Springer Series in Social Clinical Psychology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology, clinical ; Consciousness ; Social psychology. ; Personality. ; Clinical psychology. ; Cognitive psychology. ; Sociology. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: Comparison of objects, events, and situations is integral to judgment; comparisons of the self with other people comprise one of the building blocks of human conduct and experience. After four decades of research, the topic of social comparison is more popular than ever. In this timely handbook a distinguished roster of researchers and theoreticians describe where the field has been since its development in the early 1950s and where it is likely to go next
    Description / Table of Contents: From the contents: ContributorsPreface -- Part I: Introduction -- Part II: Foundations of Social Comparison -- Part III: Related Social Phenomena -- Part IV: Applications -- Part V: Commentary -- Author Index -- Subject Index.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461513971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 297 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Botany ; Zoology ; Agriculture. ; Plant science. ; Biotechnology.
    Abstract: Vexing Nature? On the Ethical Case Against Agricultural Biotechnology is a collection of philosophical essays on the ethical dimensions of agricultural biotechnology and genetically modified (GM) crops. Agricultural biotechnology refers to a diverse set of industrial techniques used to produce genetically modified foods. Genetically modified (GM) crops are plants manipulated at the molecular level to enhance their value to farmers and consumers. The ethical issues discussed in Vexing Nature? On the Ethical Case Against Agricultural Biotechnology are diverse and complex. Comstock addresses such concerns as the possibility of genetic engineering producing unanticipated allergens in previously safe foods, unexpectedly toxic health supplements, novel GM diseases, environmental catastrophe, bizarre new lines of animals possessing genes taken from humans, exceedingly wealthy corporations more powerful than the nations trying to regulate them, bankrupted family farmers in the US and Europe, exploited peasant farmers in developing countries, inhumanely treated animals in our labs and on our farms, and corrupted attitudes to nature among our children. In a fascinating narrative account of a journey that began in 1988 and ended twelve years later, Comstock tells the story of how he, an early and somewhat vocal critic of agricultural biotechnology, changed his mind about the ethical acceptability of GM organisms (GMO). Once tempted to oppose all uses of genetic engineering in agriculture, Comstock came to believe that many uses are morally justifiable, and even required. Vexing Nature? On the Ethical Case Against Agricultural Biotechnology explains his early, anti-GMO, position; the ethical, environmental, economic, social justice and animal rights arguments that led him to reverse himself; and the implications of his new position for public policy
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Case Against bGH (1988)2. Against Herbicide Resistance (1990) -- 3. Against Transgenic Animals (1992) -- 4. Against Ag Biotech (1994) -- 5. Problems for the Case Against Ag Biotech, Part I: Intrinsic Objections -- 6. Problems for the Case Against Ag Biotech, Part II: Extrinsic Objections -- Conclusion -- Credits.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9781461547136
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 200 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Law
    Abstract: This volume examines the ethical, legal, and policy issues associated with the commercialization of genetic research and will be of interest to the academic community (law, ethics, medicine and genetics) and the biotechnology industry, as well as those actively involved in genetic research. The linkage between industry and human genetics has given rise to numerous issues associated with the commercialization process. The topics covered will include commercialization and the university, commercialization and patents, clones and xenotransplants, the public perception of genetics, the role of the media, commercialization, confidentiality, and conflicts of interest, regulating the commercial environment, and the role of research ethics boards
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Biotechnology: Sovereignty and Sharing2. National Policies Influencing Innovation based on Human Genetics -- 3. Transformation of a Research Platform into Commercial Products: The Impact of United States Federal Policy on Biotechnology -- 4. Intellectual Property Rights and the Human Genome -- 5. Making Room: Reintegrating Basic Research, Health Policy, and Ethics into Patent Law -- 6. Conflict of Interest and Commercialization of Biomedical Research:What is the Role of Research Ethics Review? -- 7. Scientific Journals and Their Authors’ Financial Interests: A Pilot Study -- 8. The Icelandic Health Sector Database: Legal and Ethical Considerations -- 9. Xenotransplantation: Science, Risk and International Regulatory Efforts -- 10. Cloning, God, Hitler and Mad Scientists: Arguments Used by the Public in the Cloning Debate on the Internet -- 11. Patients’ and Professionals’ Views on Autonomy, Disability, and “Discrimination”: Results of a 36-Nation Survey -- 12. Marketing and Fear Mongering: Time to Try Private Genetic Services? -- Contributors.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461550396
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 164 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Industrial management ; Ethics ; Business ethics. ; Finance. ; Management.
    Abstract: Financial Ethics presents an exploration of this relatively new subject. The book will follow two different trails, which eventually are brought together. The first trail is an exploration in Chapters One and Two of the general nature of the finance industry, of the institutions which make it up, of the people in it and the pressures they are under. The first trail also examines the nature of the reward system in the finance industry. The second trail is an examination of the guidance people can obtain from four of the world's great religions on exactly how people ought to behave when engaged in the financial industry. The second part of the book is contained in Chapters Three to Nine. If people propose to advise the financiers to be ethical, it is important to know what is meant by this, and to call upon reliable sources and why they are using the four particular religious sources chosen. The next four chapters extract business and financial commands and one or two important interpretive writings from Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. Part Three of the book (Chapters Ten to Thirteen) is a distillation of the concepts from the religions, an application of the concepts to the modern financial world, and a discussion of the various organizational tools which might be used to put them into operation
    Description / Table of Contents: I -The Problem Domain1 The Jobs of the Capital Markets, and the People Who Do Them -- 2 A Focus on the Problem we are Addressing -- Two - Guidance From The Religions -- 3 Plan and Introduction to the Religious Guidance Chapters -- 4 The Jewish Tradition -- 5 The Christian Tradition -- 6 The Islamic Tradtion -- 7 The Buddhist Tradition -- 8 An Aggregation of the Commands of the Religions -- 9 The Remaining Task:The Commands We Have Yet to Fulfill -- III - Testing, And Then Marketing, The Second Ethical Command -- 10 Some Financial Transactions for Testing -- 11 Political and Organisational Tools for Gaining Acceptance of an Ethical Command -- 12 Consequences and Conclusions -- 13 Epilogue: A Personal Action Plan.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9781461555957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 110 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Ethics ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: The European Difference: Business Ethics in the Community of European Management Schools aims to present the business ethics provisions, programs and experiences of member universities of the Community of European Management Schools (CEMS). This book also attempts to demonstrate the distinctiveness and cultural integrity of European business ethics. Not surprisingly, the character and the level of development of business ethics in the represented European countries are diverse. However, common characteristics can be discovered in the business ethics experiences described in this volume. One principal theme that emerges is that European business ethics is deeply rooted in culture and less influenced by abstract principles and ideas. Some critical distance from the mainstream American approach to business ethics is also a common characteristic of contributions in this book. This book was born from the fruitful exchange of the CEMS Inter-faculty Group in Business Ethics. CEMS was founded in 1988 as an association of top-level schools of management education throughout Europe, and inter-faculty groups were established to develop joint teaching materials and to encourage collaboration among the researchers at the various CEMS schools
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Theory and Practice of Business Ethics in Denmark2. Business Ethics at the Stockholm School of Economics -- 3. “Polder-ethics”: Business Ethics in the Netherlands -- 4. Business Ethics in France: “Comment faire sans philosophie?” -- 5. From Teaching to Learning of Business Ethics in Barcelona -- 6. Integrative Business Ethics - A Critical Approach in St. Gallen -- 7. Business Ethics at the University of Economics in Prague -- 8. Establishing Business Ethics in Budapest -- Notes on Contributors -- References.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9781475792829
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 191 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Innovations in Science Education and Technology 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Developmental psychology ; School Psychology.
    Abstract: J. Gary Lilyquist synthesizes such innovative concepts as, systems thinking, mental models, effective school research, and Deming's theories of management to propose the new Balance Alignment Model, a wide-ranging approach for fostering school improvement. Three case studies demonstrate why schools are not improving and how Lilyquist's model can facilitate student learning
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475793543
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 245 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: The Springer Series in Social / Clinical Psychology
    Series Statement: The Springer Series in Social Clinical Psychology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology, clinical ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Clinical psychology.
    Abstract: Aversive behaviors have greater influence on social interactions than is generally acknowledged, determining personal satisfaction, interpersonal attraction, choice of partners, and the course of relationships. What motivates aversive behaviors? To what extent do they obtain desired outcomes? In what ways are they unnecessary and destructive? How do other people respond, emotionally and behaviorally? These are just a few of the many interesting questions addressed by the 16 respected researchers who contribute to Aversive Interpersonal Behaviors. Nine chapters give this heretofore neglected subject the attention it is due, probing a dark side of interpersonal relationships to understand both its destructive and adaptive nature
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9781489918437
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 508 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: The Springer Series in Social / Clinical Psychology
    Series Statement: The Springer Series in Social Clinical Psychology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology, clinical ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Clinical psychology.
    Abstract: The work of 47 contributors from the U.S., Canada, and Israel, the Sourcebook gives special attention to the complexity of the social support construct, expanding the field's theoretical base by seriously reappraising social support research in the context of findings from other fields of psychology and related disciplines. Personality processes are specified to account for observed associations between social support and physical well-being. Several new studies are included which illustrate empirical approaches to exploring these processes. And key contributions highlight the great strides made in understanding the links among personal dispositions, situational contexts, and potentially supportive transactions
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489901620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 362 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Topics in Language and Linguistics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics ; Consciousness ; Cognitive psychology. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: The Second Edition of The Grammar of Discourse critically evaluates and updates Robert E. Longacre's ambitious work dedicated to the thesis that language is language only in context, and that context's natural role in the resolution of sentence ambiguities has been overlooked for too long by linguists. This new edition advances even further the `discourse revolution' which Longacre predicted in the First Edition would come in response to the demand for greater explanatory power through context. The most cogent application of this, one which makes the book unique among linguistics texts, is the author's exhaustive investigation into the interface of the morphosyntax of a language with its textual structures. This expanded volume builds upon its predecessor's major points, with new chapters increasing the coverage of paragraph and clause structure-the latter being handled in a new chapter which solves a problem posed in the original edition: how holistic concerns of structure, especially the recognition of different strands of information, relate to the constituent structure of discourse. The insights contained in this chapter create an opportunity to tie in current discussions of transitivity, ergativity, the antipassive, agency hierarchy, order-preserving transformations, and word-order concerns into the structure of discourse.Other noteworthy features of the Second Edition include: The integration of information salience, local dominance, and paragraph type to answer the question `What makes a discourse followable ?' -A study of dialogue relations-The formalization of the interrelations of tagmeme and syntagmeme, and of the varieties of exponence on the various levels of hierarchy-The use of an expanded and enriched statement calculus to better pinpoint logical relations between predications-The use of a similarly enriched predicate calculus to present case frames-A stepped diagram presentation of paragraph level analyses.〉 With material tested in classes at the University of Texas, Arlington, this influential work merits serious consideration as a text for first-year graduate courses in linguistics
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489945334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 308 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Applied psychology ; Consciousness ; Philosophy of mind ; Cognitive psychology. ; Counseling.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475798685
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 254 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: The Springer Series on Stress and Coping
    Series Statement: Springer Series on Stress and Coping
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Applied psychology ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Counseling.
    Abstract: This book addresses key issues relating to war-induced stress experienced by different Israeli populations during the Gulf War. Author Zahava Solomon presents results of extensive studies on various stress indicators; how families cope with stess; gender differences in coping with stressors; and studies on children during and after the war. She also provides a unique insight into the role of Israel's mental health professionals during the war
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475798296
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 412 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: The Plenum Series in Crime and Justice
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Criminology ; Difference (Psychology). ; Personality. ; Sociology. ; Political science.
    Abstract: Reflecting a diversity of thought and intellectual power, this unique volume provides undergraduate students with an important historical context and demonstrates the continuity of many issues in the fields of criminology and criminal justice. Commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the American Society of Criminology, this volume contains previously published articles by the society's president-many of whom are the leading thinkers in the field. Articles examine the philosophy of punishment, policing, the politics of crime and crime control, criminological theory, drug use, white-collar crime, female crime, the study of deviance, parole, prediction studies, and criminal justice policy
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489907097
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: The Springer Series in Crime and Justice
    Series Statement: The Plenum Series in Crime and Justice
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Criminology ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology. ; Personality. ; Political science.
    Abstract: This unique study assesses the impact of law reforms on the reporting, processing, and evaluation of rape cases across six urban jurisdictions. The data and its analysis will provide an invaluable source for feminists, legal scholars, social scientists, and all others concerned with the efficacy of rape reform legislation
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9781489923080
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 304 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: Social Psychological Applications to Social Issues 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: To help hone current techniques and develop novel theories, this survey presents both commonly used and nontraditional methodologies-time series designs, structural diary methods, N of 1 analysis, and others-in the application of social psychology to `real-life' settings. Chapters encompass all aspects of the research process, making this a definitive resource for the researcher and the student
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9781489945297
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 226 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9781468459197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: I. Political Leadership: Myth and Reality -- 1. Shifting Images in Politics -- 2. Some Reflections on Political Choice in America: Symbol and Substance -- 3. National Group Governance in Presidential Elections: Fact and Fantasy -- 4. Collective Suicide at Jonestown: An Ethnopsychoanalytic Study of Leadership and Group Dynamics -- II. Presidential Profiles: Psychic Vulnerabilities and Political Repercussions (Both Catastrophic and Otherwise) -- 5. The Spelling and Seduction of Michael Dukakis -- 6. The Public Presidency: A Psychological Inquiry into John F. Kennedy -- 7. George Bush: From Wimp to President -- 8. Jimmy Carter and the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: A Psychological Perspective -- 9. Presidents Carter and Sadat: The Repudiation of the Peacemakers -- III. A Global Village? Childhood Roots, Reflections, and Hopes -- 10. The Gentle Revolution: The Childhood Origins of Soviet and East European Democratic Movements -- 11. Growing Up in Nazi Germany: Lessons to Be Learned -- 12. Bridging East and West: Splitting and Integration -- IV. Making War, Making Peace -- 13. Common Security: The Only Way -- 14. Growing Up in a Nuclear Age: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow -- 15. The Relevance of the Death Drive to the Nuclear Age -- 16. Further Clinical Considerations of the Psychological Fallout of the Nuclear Threat -- 17. Altruism: Antidote to War and Human Antagonism -- Overview.
    Abstract: The world is a different place today.* Much of this has to do with the increasing volume and clarity of the people's collective voice. The power and pressing desire in man for autonomy, self-determination, and change are emerging as a demand. As a consequence, Communist governments are giving way to democratic re­ structuring, Europe is being recrafted, and the Cold War is slowly thawing. Simultaneously, back home, our government is becoming increasingly bogged down by media-created political images and psychodramas lacking in substance and value-the degree of exposure somehow determined more by commercial appeal (inherent sensationalism) than merit. The newborn child (Le., the budding democracies) is looking eagerly to Uncle Sam as a role model: throughout the world, people are quoting our political scriptures, our proclamations, our Bill of Rights, and yet as models we seem sorely lacking. Given this climate, this book intends to address a number of contemporary themes: the role of the media-symbolization, idealization, and projection---on political choice; the roles of group fantasy; and the more rational force of II group governance" on political elections; the personalities of our presidents and leaders, their psychic vulnerabilities, their public versus private personas and how this division interacts with the complex unraveling of historical events (for example, Jimmy Carter's response to crises in Afghanistan and Iran, Michael Dukakis and the 1988 campaign, George Bush's emergence as president, John F. Kennedy and his private versus public personas, Anwar Sadat as myth and symbol).
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Political Leadership: Myth and Reality1. Shifting Images in Politics -- 2. Some Reflections on Political Choice in America: Symbol and Substance -- 3. National Group Governance in Presidential Elections: Fact and Fantasy -- 4. Collective Suicide at Jonestown: An Ethnopsychoanalytic Study of Leadership and Group Dynamics -- II. Presidential Profiles: Psychic Vulnerabilities and Political Repercussions (Both Catastrophic and Otherwise) -- 5. The Spelling and Seduction of Michael Dukakis -- 6. The Public Presidency: A Psychological Inquiry into John F. Kennedy -- 7. George Bush: From Wimp to President -- 8. Jimmy Carter and the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: A Psychological Perspective -- 9. Presidents Carter and Sadat: The Repudiation of the Peacemakers -- III. A Global Village? Childhood Roots, Reflections, and Hopes -- 10. The Gentle Revolution: The Childhood Origins of Soviet and East European Democratic Movements -- 11. Growing Up in Nazi Germany: Lessons to Be Learned -- 12. Bridging East and West: Splitting and Integration -- IV. Making War, Making Peace -- 13. Common Security: The Only Way -- 14. Growing Up in a Nuclear Age: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow -- 15. The Relevance of the Death Drive to the Nuclear Age -- 16. Further Clinical Considerations of the Psychological Fallout of the Nuclear Threat -- 17. Altruism: Antidote to War and Human Antagonism -- Overview.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468459166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Criminology ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology. ; Personality. ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 The Advent of Problem-Oriented Policing -- The “End Product” of Policing -- Problems as Behavior Patterns -- Evolution of the Problem-Oriented Approach -- Timeliness of the Problem-Oriented Model -- Old Wine with New Label? -- From Native Wisdom to Problem Solving -- A Hypothetical Example -- Building on a Foundation -- 2 Police Officers as Applied Social Scientists -- The Newport News Experiment -- The Battle of New Briarfield -- Expanding the Process -- Applied Social Research -- Science and Experience -- Finding Researchable Problems -- 3 Participation and Work Enrichment -- The Human Relations School -- Climbing Maslow’s Hierarchy -- Enriching Jobs -- The Work Reform Movement -- Who Does the Thinking and Planning? -- The Police Officer as a Problem Solver -- The Officer as “Intrapreneur” -- 4 Problems of Planned Change -- Problems and Obstacles -- Sources of Resistance -- Force Field Analysis as a Requisite for Change -- Garnering Community Support -- Harnessing Human Resources -- Supportive Concepts -- Evolving a Paradigm -- Strategies -- Toward an Epidemiological Science of Problem-Oriented Policing -- 5 The Oakland Project -- The Oakland Police Department -- From Research to Reform -- Inception of the Program -- 6 Defining a Problem: First-Generation Change Agents -- Evolving a Joint Frame of Reference -- Facing Larger Implications -- The Inadequacies of the Academic Approach -- Prelude to Action -- The Travails of Planning -- The Fruits of Labor -- Review of Aims -- Two Steps Forward -- A Happening -- A Rebirth of Anxiety -- An Identity Crisis -- Task Force Activity -- Diminishing Returns -- The Feel of Success -- The Group Has a Guest -- An Unsuccessful Exercise -- Intensive Work -- Stage Fright -- A Full Measure of Success -- A Profile of Morale -- 7 Addressing the Problem: Inventing the Peer Review Panel -- The Interview Experience -- Foundation Building -- Germination -- A Side Trip -- Defining the Mission -- Constructive Conflict -- Tooling Up -- The Opening Night -- The Man Who Came to Dinner -- A Command Appearance -- A Study in Complexity -- Back to the Drawing Board -- Running Out of Steam -- Accomplishment -- An Interlude of Alienation -- The Interviewer as Theorist -- An Activity Profile -- A General Comment -- A Concluding Note -- 8 Addressing the Problem: Designing Family Crisis Teams -- Preliminary Explorations -- Tooling Up -- Shaping a Group Mission -- A Data-Processing Session -- Foundation Building -- Forging Links with Other Agencies -- Loveless Labor -- Fertilization and Cross-Fertilization -- A Spontaneous Review Panel -- Process and Product -- A Tortuous Interlude: Part I -- A Tortuous Interlude: Part II -- The End of the Tunnel -- A Loose End -- Final Comment -- 9 Implementing a Solution: Family Crisis Management -- Caveats and Rejoinders -- Group Problem Solving -- Peacekeepers as a Happy Breed -- Consumer Reaction -- The Referral Agencies: A View from the Bridge -- The Police as Referral Agency -- 10 Implementing a Solution: The Peer Review Panel -- The Walls of Jericho -- Kill and Overkill -- The New Man -- The Change Sequence: A Retrospective View -- From Changee to Changer -- The Importance of Being Perfect -- The Belated Rehabilitation of Officer White -- More Convincing Documentation -- The Incidence of Conflicts -- Injuries to Officers and Citizens -- Complaints against the Police -- The Initiation of Interaction -- The Type of Arrest -- Individual Productivity and Violence -- The Peer Review Panel -- What Could We Conclude? -- But Was It Problem-Oriented Policing? -- 11 Community Problem-Oriented Policing -- Being One’s Own Police Chief -- Autonomy in Problem-Oriented Policing -- Autonomy and Morale -- But What of Quality Control? -- Composite Strategies -- How Does It Work? -- Studying Problems -- Linking Backyards -- 12 A Problem-Oriented War on Drugs -- Toward a Problem-Oriented Process -- Levels of Causation and Intervention -- Barriers to Cumulating Knowledge -- A War on What? -- Formal Problem-Oriented Interventions -- Sequencing -- Choice of Problem-Oriented Interventions -- Choice of Targets -- The Political Context of Problem-Oriented Drug Policing -- Postscript -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This book is about police and police reform and about a movement called "problem-oriented policing," which is sweeping the country. The problem-oriented approach has been labeled "a philosophical revolution" and "the cutting edge of policing" (Malcolm, 1989). Two observers, Wilson and Kelling (1989), have written that the approach "con­ stitutes the beginning of the most significant redefinition of police work in the past half century" (p. 48). Such an esteemed development matters, and one expects knowledgeable persons to observe it and think about it. Our mission in this book is different from that of some observers, those concerned with management practice and philosophy. Ours is a more person-centered book, which views the problem-oriented move­ ment from the trenches where battles, not wars, are waged. We are concerned with what an erstwhile colleague of ours dubbed the "nitty­ gritty" and what others have called the "human equation." This is so because the core of our interest is on the experience of being problem oriented and how one engenders this experience. Coincidentally, such grass roots analysis happens to fit problem-oriented policing, which delegates thinking and planning to those on the frontlines. In the battles won by problem-oriented policing, ordinary police officers become generals or, at least, strategists of policing. The jobs that such men and women do are expanded, and we shall center on this expansion of the job.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Advent of Problem-Oriented PolicingThe “End Product” of Policing -- Problems as Behavior Patterns -- Evolution of the Problem-Oriented Approach -- Timeliness of the Problem-Oriented Model -- Old Wine with New Label? -- From Native Wisdom to Problem Solving -- A Hypothetical Example -- Building on a Foundation -- 2 Police Officers as Applied Social Scientists -- The Newport News Experiment -- The Battle of New Briarfield -- Expanding the Process -- Applied Social Research -- Science and Experience -- Finding Researchable Problems -- 3 Participation and Work Enrichment -- The Human Relations School -- Climbing Maslow’s Hierarchy -- Enriching Jobs -- The Work Reform Movement -- Who Does the Thinking and Planning? -- The Police Officer as a Problem Solver -- The Officer as “Intrapreneur” -- 4 Problems of Planned Change -- Problems and Obstacles -- Sources of Resistance -- Force Field Analysis as a Requisite for Change -- Garnering Community Support -- Harnessing Human Resources -- Supportive Concepts -- Evolving a Paradigm -- Strategies -- Toward an Epidemiological Science of Problem-Oriented Policing -- 5 The Oakland Project -- The Oakland Police Department -- From Research to Reform -- Inception of the Program -- 6 Defining a Problem: First-Generation Change Agents -- Evolving a Joint Frame of Reference -- Facing Larger Implications -- The Inadequacies of the Academic Approach -- Prelude to Action -- The Travails of Planning -- The Fruits of Labor -- Review of Aims -- Two Steps Forward -- A Happening -- A Rebirth of Anxiety -- An Identity Crisis -- Task Force Activity -- Diminishing Returns -- The Feel of Success -- The Group Has a Guest -- An Unsuccessful Exercise -- Intensive Work -- Stage Fright -- A Full Measure of Success -- A Profile of Morale -- 7 Addressing the Problem: Inventing the Peer Review Panel -- The Interview Experience -- Foundation Building -- Germination -- A Side Trip -- Defining the Mission -- Constructive Conflict -- Tooling Up -- The Opening Night -- The Man Who Came to Dinner -- A Command Appearance -- A Study in Complexity -- Back to the Drawing Board -- Running Out of Steam -- Accomplishment -- An Interlude of Alienation -- The Interviewer as Theorist -- An Activity Profile -- A General Comment -- A Concluding Note -- 8 Addressing the Problem: Designing Family Crisis Teams -- Preliminary Explorations -- Tooling Up -- Shaping a Group Mission -- A Data-Processing Session -- Foundation Building -- Forging Links with Other Agencies -- Loveless Labor -- Fertilization and Cross-Fertilization -- A Spontaneous Review Panel -- Process and Product -- A Tortuous Interlude: Part I -- A Tortuous Interlude: Part II -- The End of the Tunnel -- A Loose End -- Final Comment -- 9 Implementing a Solution: Family Crisis Management -- Caveats and Rejoinders -- Group Problem Solving -- Peacekeepers as a Happy Breed -- Consumer Reaction -- The Referral Agencies: A View from the Bridge -- The Police as Referral Agency -- 10 Implementing a Solution: The Peer Review Panel -- The Walls of Jericho -- Kill and Overkill -- The New Man -- The Change Sequence: A Retrospective View -- From Changee to Changer -- The Importance of Being Perfect -- The Belated Rehabilitation of Officer White -- More Convincing Documentation -- The Incidence of Conflicts -- Injuries to Officers and Citizens -- Complaints against the Police -- The Initiation of Interaction -- The Type of Arrest -- Individual Productivity and Violence -- The Peer Review Panel -- What Could We Conclude? -- But Was It Problem-Oriented Policing? -- 11 Community Problem-Oriented Policing -- Being One’s Own Police Chief -- Autonomy in Problem-Oriented Policing -- Autonomy and Morale -- But What of Quality Control? -- Composite Strategies -- How Does It Work? -- Studying Problems -- Linking Backyards -- 12 A Problem-Oriented War on Drugs -- Toward a Problem-Oriented Process -- Levels of Causation and Intervention -- Barriers to Cumulating Knowledge -- A War on What? -- Formal Problem-Oriented Interventions -- Sequencing -- Choice of Problem-Oriented Interventions -- Choice of Targets -- The Political Context of Problem-Oriented Drug Policing -- Postscript -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489906007
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 224 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Criminal Justice and Public Safety
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology, clinical ; Criminology ; Clinical psychology. ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 • An Overview of the Psychodynamic Approach -- 2 • Why Everybody Loves and Hates Cops -- 3 • Why Cops Love and Hate Everybody -- 4 • Why Cops Love and Hate the Work -- 5 • How Cops React to Ambivalence -- 6 • A Psychodynamic View of Some Issues in Police Work -- 7 • Clinical Reactions to the Effects of Police Work -- 8 • Some Modest Proposals -- References.
    Abstract: SOME DISCLAIMERS It is somewhat unusual to begin a book by declaring what it is not, but the topic of police behavior is so complex that it requires the writer to state as early as possible the limits of what he has written here to describe and explain a police officer's experience. In order for the reader to get a clear idea of what areas of police behavior are to be described, it is nec­ essary to delineate those aspects of police behavior that are beyond the scope of this book. First of all, this book is about the psychological effects of police work on policemen: male police officers. Nearly all of the police officers with whom I have worked have been men, so my impressions and opinions are based on the experiences of male police officers. Consequently, descriptions and expla­ nations of the motivations, anxieties, psychological defenses, and resultant behavior of police officers must be limited to policemen. I believe that there are significant differences in the psychological effects of police work on men and women, but this book does not address this issue.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9781461540403
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 194 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Endogenous growth (Economics) ; International economics ; Regional economics ; International economic relations. ; Education—Philosophy. ; Spatial economics. ; Economic development.
    Abstract: General Meetings—The 1990s: A Different Decade -- Welcome Address—The 1990s: A Different Decade -- The Future of the Southwest Economy: Challenges and Opportunities -- Research and Public Service in Comprehensive Universities -- From Outlook to Opportunity: Making the 1990s Work -- Session One—Meeting the Challenges in Education -- Introductory Remarks Meeting the Challenges in Education -- The Case for Educational Choice -- Schools in the 1990s: The Opportunities and Risks Facing Texas and Other States -- American Education After A Nation at Risk -- Meeting the Challenges in Education -- Session Two—The Challenges of the International Marketplace -- The Canada—US. Free Trade Agreement: -- A New Reality, A New Challenge -- The Mexican Economy -- The Challenges of the International Marketplace: The Far East -- Session Three—Critical Issues -- The Role of Financial Institutions in Economic Development -- Technological Innovation in the Southwest -- The Environment and Economic. Growth in the Southwest -- Energy in the Future of the Southwest -- Session Four—The Southwest Economy: The Next Year and the Next Decade -- Arizona?s Economic Outlook -- Louisiana in the 1990s: A Different Decade -- The New Mexico Economy -- The Oklahoma Economy: The Next Year and the Next Decade -- Regional Economic Cycles and the Texas Economy.
    Description / Table of Contents: General Meetings-The 1990s: A Different DecadeWelcome Address-The 1990s: A Different Decade -- The Future of the Southwest Economy: Challenges and Opportunities -- Research and Public Service in Comprehensive Universities -- From Outlook to Opportunity: Making the 1990s Work -- Session One-Meeting the Challenges in Education -- Introductory Remarks Meeting the Challenges in Education -- The Case for Educational Choice -- Schools in the 1990s: The Opportunities and Risks Facing Texas and Other States -- American Education After A Nation at Risk -- Meeting the Challenges in Education -- Session Two-The Challenges of the International Marketplace -- The Canada-US. Free Trade Agreement: -- A New Reality, A New Challenge -- The Mexican Economy -- The Challenges of the International Marketplace: The Far East -- Session Three-Critical Issues -- The Role of Financial Institutions in Economic Development -- Technological Innovation in the Southwest -- The Environment and Economic. Growth in the Southwest -- Energy in the Future of the Southwest -- Session Four-The Southwest Economy: The Next Year and the Next Decade -- Arizona?s Economic Outlook -- Louisiana in the 1990s: A Different Decade -- The New Mexico Economy -- The Oklahoma Economy: The Next Year and the Next Decade -- Regional Economic Cycles and the Texas Economy.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9781489936080
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 281 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: Critical Issues in Social Justice
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Criminology ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology. ; Personality. ; Political science.
    Abstract: The publication of this anthology culminates what began as a Visiting Distinguished Scholars Lecture Series sponsored by the School of Jus­ tice Studies. When Dr. John M. Johnson was awarded the Arizona State University Graduate College's Distinguished Research Award for 1986- 1987, the School faculty voted to use the accompanying stipend to bring several scholars to campus. Each visiting scholar was commis­ sioned to present an original paper on contemporary issues in justice and to meet with graduate students and faculty during a week-long visit to campus. This collection of essays promotes wide-ranging conceptions of justice. As first conceived, we sought to bring an interdisciplinary per­ spective to the study of justice as a way of intellectually extending the current focus of research and teaching. As it developed, the collection permitted us to reflect on our own instructional program in law and the social sciences and to promote a conception of social conflict and control which includes social, political, economic, and legal controls.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9781461569893
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 355 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: I Introduction and Foundational Issues -- 1 An Introduction to Existential-Phenomenological Thought in Psychology -- 2 Psychology and the Attitude of Science -- 3 Phenomenological Research Methods -- II Classical Topics in Psychology -- 4 Brain, Body, and World: Body Image and the Psychology of the Body -- 5 Approaches to Perception in Phenomenological Psychology: The Alienation and Recovery of Perception in Modern Culture -- 6 Learning and Memory from the Perspective of Phenomenological Psychology -- III Development, Emotion, and Social Psychology -- 7 A Phenomenological Approach to Child Development -- 8 An Empirical-Phenomenological Investigation of Being Anxious: An Example of the Phenomenological Approach to Emotion -- 9 The Social Psychology of Person Perception and the Experience of Valued Relationships -- IV The Clinical Area -- 10 Personality and Assessment -- 11 Demystifying Psychopathology: Understanding Disturbed Persons -- 12 Psychotherapy and Human Experience -- V Explorations of Central Life Issues -- 13 Transformation of the Passions: Psychoanalytic and Phenomenological Perspectives -- 14 The Psychology of Forgiving Another: A Dialogai Research Approach -- 15 Aesthetic Consciousness -- VI Transpersonal Psychology -- 16 The Emergence of Transpersonal Psychology -- 17 Basic Postulates for a Transpersonal Psychotherapy -- 18 Transpersonal Psychology: Promise and Prospects -- 19 The Imagery in Movement Method: A Process Tool Bridging Psychotherapeutic and Transpersonal Inquiry -- 20 States of Consciousness and Transpersonal Psychology -- Name Index.
    Abstract: When I began to study psychology a half century ago, it was defined as "the study of behavior and experience." By the time I completed my doctorate, shortly after the end of World War II, the last two words were fading rapidly. In one of my first graduate classes, a course in statistics, the professor announced on the first day, "Whatever exists, exists in some number." We dutifully wrote that into our notes and did not pause to recognize that thereby all that makes life meaningful was being consigned to oblivion. This bland restructuring-perhaps more accurately, destruction-of the world was typical of its time, 1940. The influence of a narrow scientistic attitude was already spreading throughout the learned disciplines. In the next two decades it would invade and tyrannize the "social sciences," education, and even philosophy. To be sure, quantification is a powerful tool, selectively employed, but too often it has been made into an executioner's axe to deny actuality to all that does not yield to its procrustean demands.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489932686
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 157 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489922335
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 211 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Social Antecedents and Consequences of Self-Referent Cognition -- 3 Social Antecedents and Consequences of Self-Evaluation -- 4 Social Antecedents and Consequences of Self-Feelings -- 5 Nature and Antecedents of Self-Protective-Self-Enhancing Responses -- 6 Toward A General Theory of Self-Referent Behavior -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This book is about human behavior and, more particularly, about a class of human behaviors-those behaviors by people that have themselves as the object of their behaviors. These self-referent behaviors are social in nature in the sense that in large measure, they are the outcomes of pervasive social processes and are themselves major influences on social outcomes. As such, self-referent behaviors have the potential to be sig­ nificant organizing constructs in the study of the broader field of social psychology. In any case, they are regarded here as of intrinsic interest and are the focus of this volume. Four broad categories of self-referent behaviors are considered with regard to their social bases and conse­ quences as these are revealed in the social psychological and sociological literature. With appropriate discriminations made within each group­ ing, the four categories are: self-conceiving, self-evaluating, self-feeling, and self-protective-self-enhancing responses. Following a consideration of the social antecedents and consequences of each category of self­ referent behaviors, I present a final summary statement that outlines a theoretical model of the additive and interactive social influences on and consequences of the mutually influential self-referent behaviors. The outline of the theoretical model reflects my synthesis of the apparently relevant theoretical and empirical literature and is intended to function as a framework for the orderly incorporation of new theoretical asser­ tions and more or less apparently relevant empirical associations.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489935113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 283 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: Critical Issues in Social Justice
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Ronald L. Cohen Justice is a central moral standard in social life. It is invoked in judging individual persons and in judging the basic structure of societies. It has been described as akin to a "human hunger or thirst" (Pascal, Pensees, cited in Hirschman, 1982, p. 91), "more powerful than any physical hunger, and endlessly resilient" (Pitkin, 1981, p. 349). The most prominent contemporary theory of justice proceeds from the claim that justice is "the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is systems of thought" (Rawls, 1971, p. 3). However, as the following chapters demonstrate, justice has a complex and controversial history. If, as has been claimed, justice is a central category of human thought and a central aspect of human motivation, can it also be the case that to invoke justice is no more than "banging on the table: an emotional expression which turns one's demand into an absolute postulate" (Ross, 1959, p. 274)? If justice is the first virtue of social institutions, can the concept of social or economic justice at the same time be "entirely empty and meaningless" so that any attempt to employ it is "either thoughtless or fraudulent" (Hayek, 1976, pp. xi-xii)? In a formal sense, justice concerns ensuring that each person receives what she or he is due.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9781468450590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: Critical Issues in Social Justice
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Ethics ; Difference (Psychology). ; Personality. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: I Conflict, Power, and Justice -- 1 Cooperation, Conflict, and Justice -- 2 Justice and Power: An Exchange Analysis -- 3 Justice Considerations in Interpersonal Conflict -- 4 Power and Justice in Intergroup Relations -- II Theoretical Perspectives on Justice -- 5 Justice Ideology and Social Legitimation: A Revised Agenda for Psychological Inquiry -- 6 The Experience of Injustice: Toward a Better Understanding of its Phenomenology -- 7 Thinking about Justice and Dealing with One’s Own Privileges: A Study of Existential Guilt -- 8 Rethinking Equity Theory: A Referent Cognitions Model -- III Norms and Justice -- 9 Social Context and Perceived Justice -- 10 Levels of Interest in the Study of Interpersonal Justice -- 11 The Need Principle of Distributive Justice -- 12 Group Categorization and Distributive Justice Decisions -- 13 Children’s Use of Justice Principles in Allocation Situations: Focus on the Need Principle -- IV Applications of Justice Research -- 14 Two Rotten Apples Spoil the Justice Barrel -- 15 Justice as Fair and Equal Treatment before the Law: The Role of Individual Versus Group Decision Making -- 16 The Psychology of Leadership Evaluation -- 17 When Expectations and Justice Do Not Coincide: Blue-Collar Visions of a Just World -- 18 The Distributive Justice of Organizational Performance Evaluations -- Author Index.
    Abstract: From July 16 through July 21, 1984 a group of American and West German scholars met in Marburg, West Germany to discuss their com­ mon work on the topic of justice in social relations. For over 30 hours they presented papers, raised questions about each other's work, and in so doing plotted a course for future research and theory building on this topic. The participants were asked to present work that represented their most recent state-of-the-science contributions in the area. The con­ tributions to this volume represent refined versions of those presentations-papers that have been improved by the authors' consid­ eration of the comments and reactions of their colleagues. The result, we believe, is a work that represents the cutting edge of scholarly inquiry into the important matter of justice in social relations. To give the participants the freedom to present their ideas in the most appropriate way, we, the conference organizers and the editors of this volume, gave them complete control over the form and substance of their presentations. The resulting diversity is reflected in this book, where the reader will find critical integrative reviews of the literature, reports of research investigations, and statements of theoretical posi­ tions. The chapters are organized with respect to the common themes that emerged in the way the authors addressed the issues of justice in social relations. Each of these themes-conflict and power, theoretical perspectives, norms, and applications-is represented by a part of this book.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461323938
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Population ; Economics ; Consciousness ; Social sciences ; Difference (Psychology). ; Business. ; Management science. ; Political science. ; Population—Economic aspects. ; Sociology. ; Personality.
    Abstract: 1. Conceptualizing the Division of Household Labor -- Who Does What: Some Empirical Generalizations -- Traditional Conceptual Frameworks: Two Examples -- The New Home Economics: Reluctant Materialism -- An Overview of the Analysis -- 2. Measuring Household and Market Labors -- and Background -- The Measurement of Household Labor -- The Measurement of Market Labor Time -- Household and Market Work: Endogenous Variables -- 3. Sample Characteristics and Initial Description -- The Sample -- Household Members’ Market Time and Household Labor -- Additional Measures of the Division of Labor -- Conclusions -- 4. The Household “Pie”: Market Time Household Tasks, and Household Time -- Describing the Household “Pie” -- Model Specification -- Model 1: Market Time and Household Tasks -- Model 2: The Minutes per day of Market and Household Labor -- Overview and Conclusions: The Household “Pie” -- 5. Dividing It Up: The Mechanisms of Asymmetry -- The Model -- Slicing the “Pie” -- Conclusiond: a “Gendered” Allocation System -- 6. Wives’ Time: Another View -- A Partial Model -- Findings and Discussion -- Conclusions and Speculations -- 7. Conclusions: Work and Gender -- and Reprise -- Managing the Division of Labor: Consensus and Equity -- The Structures of Household Labor -- Mechanisms of Choice and Constraint -- A Final Note on Change -- References -- Appendix A: Diary Instructions -- Appendix B: Household Work Study -- Appendix C: Content of Household Work-Tasks Codes -- Appendix D: Household Activities Sorted by Husbands in Order of Accomplishment.
    Abstract: tion addressed by this analysis centers on the reciprocal relation between 1 household domestic and market work efforts. It should be obvious by now that this chapter is not concerned ex­ plicitly with the contributions of individual members to household or mar­ ket activity, nor does it examine the mechanisms by which work tasks or time is apportioned among them. To reiterate, households per se are the unit of analysis; the division of labor within, with respect to either household or market activities, is ignored. In this chapter, one must pre­ tend that the social relations within the household productive unit, which critically shape both the nature of work and its allocation, are hidden from view. To return to the earlier metaphor, households establish a to­ tal household "pie," made up of all the market and domestic chores that they will undertake and the time required for them. Only after that "pie" is created can it be sliced and the pieces doled out to individual members. 2 The household and market pie defined and described here can be roughly conceptualized as the total productive capacity of the household, or as the result of a pooling of individual talents and resources. Indeed, were a measure of the time available for leisure incorporated into the measure of the pie, the household's full income (budget) constraint (i. e. , the total productive potential of the household) could be described.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Conceptualizing the Division of Household LaborWho Does What: Some Empirical Generalizations -- Traditional Conceptual Frameworks: Two Examples -- The New Home Economics: Reluctant Materialism -- An Overview of the Analysis -- 2. Measuring Household and Market Labors -- and Background -- The Measurement of Household Labor -- The Measurement of Market Labor Time -- Household and Market Work: Endogenous Variables -- 3. Sample Characteristics and Initial Description -- The Sample -- Household Members’ Market Time and Household Labor -- Additional Measures of the Division of Labor -- Conclusions -- 4. The Household “Pie”: Market Time Household Tasks, and Household Time -- Describing the Household “Pie” -- Model Specification -- Model 1: Market Time and Household Tasks -- Model 2: The Minutes per day of Market and Household Labor -- Overview and Conclusions: The Household “Pie” -- 5. Dividing It Up: The Mechanisms of Asymmetry -- The Model -- Slicing the “Pie” -- Conclusiond: a “Gendered” Allocation System -- 6. Wives’ Time: Another View -- A Partial Model -- Findings and Discussion -- Conclusions and Speculations -- 7. Conclusions: Work and Gender -- and Reprise -- Managing the Division of Labor: Consensus and Equity -- The Structures of Household Labor -- Mechanisms of Choice and Constraint -- A Final Note on Change -- References -- Appendix A: Diary Instructions -- Appendix B: Household Work Study -- Appendix C: Content of Household Work-Tasks Codes -- Appendix D: Household Activities Sorted by Husbands in Order of Accomplishment.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475791914
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 375 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Psychoanalysis ; Difference (Psychology). ; Personality. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 -- Sociobiology: Toward a Theory of Individual and Group Differences in Personality and Social Behavior -- Sociobiology and Differential Psychology: The Arduous Climb from Plausibility to Proof -- Sociobiology, Personality, and Genetic Similarity Detection -- Interaction between Biological and Cultural Factors in Human Social Behavior -- Group Differences, Genetic Similarity, and the Importance of Personality Traits: Reply to Commentators -- 2 -- Psychoanalysis as a Scientific Theory -- The Biological Origins of Psychological Phenomena -- Structure, Function, and Meaning -- The Heuristic Value of Freud -- Psychoanalysis as a Scientific Theory: Reply to Commentators -- 3 -- The Nature and Challenge of Teleological Psychological Theory -- Teleology Is Secondary to Theoretical Understanding in the Moral Realm -- On Reasons and Causes -- Ours Is to Reason Why -- Precedents and Professors—The Struggle Over Common Ground: Reply to Commentators -- 4 -- The Hypotheses Quotient: A Quantitative Estimation of the Testability of a Theory -- Logic and Psycho-logic of Science -- Sound Theories and Theory Soundings -- ... But Discretion Were the Better Part of Valor -- The Hypotheses Quotient: Reply to Commentators -- 5 -- What Is Necessarily True in Psychology? -- What Is Remarkable in Psychology? -- On the Limitations of Commonsense Psychology -- It Ain’t Necessarily So -- Psychology Cannot Take Leave of Common Sense: Reply to Commentators -- 6 -- Interactionism and the Person × Situation Debate: A Theoretical Perspective -- Theoretical Divergences in the Person-Situation Debate: An Alternative Perspective -- Persons, Situations, Interactions, and the Future of Personality -- Interactionism and Achievement Theory -- Interactionism and Control Theory -- Objectives and Questions in Personality Research: Reply to Commentators -- Author Index.
    Abstract: As such things happen, several manuscripts in the present volume were under review prior to the ones that appeared in Volume I of the Annals. A major difficulty encountered in the preparation of these volumes­ apart from working up to three years in advance of publication-is elic­ iting appropriate commentary. If this format is to succeed, the com­ mentary must be both engaging to the reader and satisfying to the author. It is not yet clear how successful we have been in this regard and, indeed, we do not feel bound to publish commentary with each manuscript that is accepted for publication. Nevertheless, we do invite readers' commentaries on published materials. The contributions by Jan Smedslund and Benjamin Wolman in this volume have been through an inordinately long publication lag. We have been in receipt of both manuscripts since early in 1981 and Dr. Smedslund, especially, has since clarified and advanced his views else­ where in print. K. B. Madsen and Joseph Rychlak submitted their man­ uscripts in the fall of 1981 while Michael Hyland and J. Philippe Rushton had first drafts of their manuscripts accepted for publication in the fall of 1982. We are grateful to our contributors for their expressed com­ mitment to the Annals and assure potential contributors that the delay in publication is a mere matter of getting the series off the ground.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468445770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Physics ; Engineering ; Renewable energy sources ; Social sciences ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy.
    Abstract: 1. Problems in Public Understanding -- Reference Notes -- 2. How Dangerous is Radiation? -- Meet the Millirem -- Scientific Basis for Risk Estimates -- The Media and Radiation -- Genetic Effects of Radiation -- Other Health Effects of Radiation -- Public Insanity -- Reference Notes -- 3. The Fearsome Reactor Meltdown Accident -- Was Three Mile Island a Near Miss to Disaster? -- Roads to Meltdown -- How Secure Is the Containment? -- The Probabilities -- The Worst Possible Accident -- Land Contamination -- Why the Public Misunderstanding? -- Non-Safety Issues -- Reference Notes -- 4. Understanding Risk -- A Catalog of Risks -- Risks of Nuclear Energy—In Perspective -- Acceptability of Nuclear Power Risks -- Risks from Air Pollution in Coal Burning -- Risks in Other Energy Technologies -- Spending Money to Reduce Risk -- Reference Notes -- 5. Hazards of High-Level Radioactive Waste: The Great Myth -- A First Perspective -- High-Level Radioactive Waste—Hazards and Protective Barriers -- Quantitative Risk Assessment for High-Level Waste -- Long-Term Waste Problems from Chemical Carcinogens -- Should We Add Up Effects over Millions of Years? -- Why the Public Fear? -- Reference Notes -- 6. More on Radioactive Waste -- Radon Problems -- Routine Emissions of Radioactivity -- Low-Level Waste -- Transuranic Waste -- Summary of Results -- The Real Waste Problem -- West Valley—The Ultimate Waste Problem -- Leaking Waste Storage Tanks -- Waste Transport—When Radioactivity Encounters the Public -- A Radioactive Waste Accident in the Soviet Union -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 7. Plutonium and Bombs -- Fuel of the Future -- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons -- Nonproliferation Politics -- A Tool for Terrorists? -- Plutonium Toxicity -- Reference Notes -- 8. Costs of Nuclear Power: The Achilles’ Heel -- Understanding Power Plant Construction Costs -- Regulatory Ratcheting -- Actual Costs of Nuclear Power Plants—Regulatory Turbulence -- Actual Costs -- The Situation in Other Countries -- The Political Battle Lost -- Cost per Kilowatt-Hour -- Coal versus Nuclear Costs -- Reference Notes -- 9. The Solar Dream -- Cost Problems -- Is It There When We Need It? -- Why Solar Electricity? -- Environmental Problems, the Media, and Politics And More Politics -- Reference Notes -- 10. What the Polls Tell Us -- Rothman-Lichter Polls -- Battelle and Media Institute Studies -- A Poll of Radiation Health Scientists -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 11. Questions from the Audience -- Radioactivity and Radiation -- Trust and Faith -- Reactor Accidents and Safety -- Radioactive Waste -- Miscellaneous Topics -- 12. A Cry for Help.
    Abstract: I was not invited to write a foreword for this book. Dr. Cohen, knowing my busy schedule, would have considered such a request to be an imposition. I volunteered to do so in part to acknowledge my gratitude to him for having been a constant source of reference materials as I have turned my attention increasingly to informing both lay and scientific audiences concerning the biologic effects of low-level ionizing radiation. My primary reason for vol­ unteering, however, is to point to the importance of such a book for public education at a time when the media, in collaboration with a variety of activist groups, have developed among the people an almost phobic fear of radiation at any level. I take issue with the words of another Nobel laureate, George Wald, who states regularly "Every dose is an overdose. '" This philosophy has re­ sulted in women refusing mammography for the detection of breast cancer even though this methodology is the most sensitive for detection of such cancers in the early, curable stage, and even though, at present, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. It has led a Westchester County, New York legislator to state proudly in the New York Times that he v vi I FOREWORD had introduced legislation that would bar all radioactivity from the county's roads.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Problems in Public UnderstandingReference Notes -- 2. How Dangerous is Radiation? -- Meet the Millirem -- Scientific Basis for Risk Estimates -- The Media and Radiation -- Genetic Effects of Radiation -- Other Health Effects of Radiation -- Public Insanity -- Reference Notes -- 3. The Fearsome Reactor Meltdown Accident -- Was Three Mile Island a Near Miss to Disaster? -- Roads to Meltdown -- How Secure Is the Containment? -- The Probabilities -- The Worst Possible Accident -- Land Contamination -- Why the Public Misunderstanding? -- Non-Safety Issues -- Reference Notes -- 4. Understanding Risk -- A Catalog of Risks -- Risks of Nuclear Energy-In Perspective -- Acceptability of Nuclear Power Risks -- Risks from Air Pollution in Coal Burning -- Risks in Other Energy Technologies -- Spending Money to Reduce Risk -- Reference Notes -- 5. Hazards of High-Level Radioactive Waste: The Great Myth -- A First Perspective -- High-Level Radioactive Waste-Hazards and Protective Barriers -- Quantitative Risk Assessment for High-Level Waste -- Long-Term Waste Problems from Chemical Carcinogens -- Should We Add Up Effects over Millions of Years? -- Why the Public Fear? -- Reference Notes -- 6. More on Radioactive Waste -- Radon Problems -- Routine Emissions of Radioactivity -- Low-Level Waste -- Transuranic Waste -- Summary of Results -- The Real Waste Problem -- West Valley-The Ultimate Waste Problem -- Leaking Waste Storage Tanks -- Waste Transport-When Radioactivity Encounters the Public -- A Radioactive Waste Accident in the Soviet Union -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 7. Plutonium and Bombs -- Fuel of the Future -- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons -- Nonproliferation Politics -- A Tool for Terrorists? -- Plutonium Toxicity -- Reference Notes -- 8. Costs of Nuclear Power: The Achilles’ Heel -- Understanding Power Plant Construction Costs -- Regulatory Ratcheting -- Actual Costs of Nuclear Power Plants-Regulatory Turbulence -- Actual Costs -- The Situation in Other Countries -- The Political Battle Lost -- Cost per Kilowatt-Hour -- Coal versus Nuclear Costs -- Reference Notes -- 9. The Solar Dream -- Cost Problems -- Is It There When We Need It? -- Why Solar Electricity? -- Environmental Problems, the Media, and Politics And More Politics -- Reference Notes -- 10. What the Polls Tell Us -- Rothman-Lichter Polls -- Battelle and Media Institute Studies -- A Poll of Radiation Health Scientists -- Summary -- Reference Notes -- 11. Questions from the Audience -- Radioactivity and Radiation -- Trust and Faith -- Reactor Accidents and Safety -- Radioactive Waste -- Miscellaneous Topics -- 12. A Cry for Help.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9781461334644
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: Charting A Course -- I: The 1990 Age Mix -- When is Old? -- The Age Mix of the Labor Force in 1990: Implications for Labor Market Research -- Postscripts and Prospects -- II: The 1990 Gender Mix -- Implications of the Increasing Participation of Women in the Work Force in the 1990’s -- The Feminization of the Labor Force: Research for Industrial/Organizational Psychology -- Commentary on Studies of Gender-Mix in Labor Market Research -- III: Labor and Management in the ’90’s -- Human Resource Planning and the Intuitive Manager: Models for the 1990’s -- The Setting and the Reality for Labor Relations in the 90’s -- Leadership and Management in the 1990’s -- Reflections on Polarities and Bias -- IV: Higher Education for the ’90’s -- We Can Influence the Future! -- College Student Values and the World of Work -- Whom Should the Schools Serve, When…? -- Participants.
    Abstract: The Annual Scientist-Practitioner Conferences in Industrial­ Organizational Psychology were conceived by the Department of Psychology at Old Dominion University as a means to foster exchange of information, points of view, and insights among those who are engaged in research in the behavioral and social sciences, and those who, in various business, industrial, managerial, organizational, and educational roles, are actively engaged in work affording opportun­ ities to apply the findings and concepts generated by scientific study (many people do both). Our vested interest and our hope is that the stimulus provided by these exchanges will help us and our professional cohorts in psychology and other disciplines to advance the cutting edge of theory and application in problem areas of present and prospective importance. The first of these conferences took place in 1980, and had as its theme, "Performance Appraisal. " The papers here constitute the substantive contributions to the second conference which addressed issues pertinent to "The Changing Composition of the Workforce. " It should be noted that although industrial-organizational psychologists continue to claim parentage, this meeting can lay claim to an interdisciplinary lineage, validated by the presence on its panels and among the other invited participants of economists, labor officials, educators, personnel administrators, gerontolo­ gists, sociologists, business managers, and military officers, as well as others of unknown origins.
    Description / Table of Contents: Charting A CourseI: The 1990 Age Mix -- When is Old? -- The Age Mix of the Labor Force in 1990: Implications for Labor Market Research -- Postscripts and Prospects -- II: The 1990 Gender Mix -- Implications of the Increasing Participation of Women in the Work Force in the 1990’s -- The Feminization of the Labor Force: Research for Industrial/Organizational Psychology -- Commentary on Studies of Gender-Mix in Labor Market Research -- III: Labor and Management in the ’90’s -- Human Resource Planning and the Intuitive Manager: Models for the 1990’s -- The Setting and the Reality for Labor Relations in the 90’s -- Leadership and Management in the 1990’s -- Reflections on Polarities and Bias -- IV: Higher Education for the ’90’s -- We Can Influence the Future! -- College Student Values and the World of Work -- Whom Should the Schools Serve, When…? -- Participants.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461338024
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (544p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: I • Metaphors and Maps -- 1Science and Reality: Metaphors of Experience and Experience as Metaphorical -- 2Maps of the Mind: The Cartography of Consciousness -- II • Psychological Approaches -- 3Radical Behaviorism and Consciousness -- 4The Nature of Consciousness: The Existential-Phenomenological Approach -- 5Reflections on David Bohm’s Holomovement: A Physicist’s Model of Cosmos and Consciousness -- 6Behaviorism, Phenomenology, and Holism in Psychology: A Scientific Analysis -- 7Phenomenology and Neuropsychology: Two Approaches to Consciousness -- III • Psychological Frontiers -- 8The Mind Contained in the Brain: A Cybernetic Belief System -- 9Exo-Psychology -- 10Transpersonal Realities or Neurophysiological Illusions? Toward an Empirically Testable Dualism -- IV • Beyond Psychology: East Meets West -- 11Depth Consciousness -- 12Approaches to Psychotherapy: Freud, Jung, and Tibetan Buddhism -- 13Two Paradigmatic Strands in the Buddhist Theory of Consciousness -- 14Heideggerian Thinking and the Eastern Mind -- V • Transcendence and Mysticism -- 15Energy of Consciousness in the Human Personality -- 16Human Consciousness and the Christian Mystic: Teresa of Avila -- 17Transformation of Self and World in Johannes Tauler’s Mysticism -- VI • Literary Modes -- 18God-Consciousness and the “Poetry of Madness” -- 19The Nature and Expression of Feminine Consciousness through Psychology and Literature -- 20Speculative Approaches to Consciousness in Science Fiction -- VII • The Natural Sciences -- 21Relativistic Quantum Psychology: A Reconceptualization of What We Thought We Knew -- 22Chemistry and Human Awareness: Natural Scientific Connections -- 23On the Shifting Structure of Mathematical Paradigms -- 24Computer Metaphors for Consciousness -- 25Thymós as Biopsychological Metaphor: The Vital Root of Consciousness.
    Abstract: As we move into the 1980s, there is an increasing awareness that our civilization is going through a profound cultural transformation. At the heart of this transformation lies what is often called a "paradigm shift"-a dramatic change in the thoughts, perceptions, and values which form a particular vision of reality. The paradigm that is now shifting comprises a large number of ideas and values that have dominated our society for several hundred years; values that have been associated with various streams of Western culture, among them the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century, The Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution. They include the belief in the scientific method as the only valid approach to knowledge, the split between mind and matter, the view of nature as a mechanical system, the view of life in society as a competitive struggle for survival, and the belief in unlimited material progress to be achieved through economic and technological growth. All these ideas and values are now found to be severely limited and in need of radical revision.
    Description / Table of Contents: I • Metaphors and Maps1Science and Reality: Metaphors of Experience and Experience as Metaphorical -- 2Maps of the Mind: The Cartography of Consciousness -- II • Psychological Approaches -- 3Radical Behaviorism and Consciousness -- 4The Nature of Consciousness: The Existential-Phenomenological Approach -- 5Reflections on David Bohm’s Holomovement: A Physicist’s Model of Cosmos and Consciousness -- 6Behaviorism, Phenomenology, and Holism in Psychology: A Scientific Analysis -- 7Phenomenology and Neuropsychology: Two Approaches to Consciousness -- III • Psychological Frontiers -- 8The Mind Contained in the Brain: A Cybernetic Belief System -- 9Exo-Psychology -- 10Transpersonal Realities or Neurophysiological Illusions? Toward an Empirically Testable Dualism -- IV • Beyond Psychology: East Meets West -- 11Depth Consciousness -- 12Approaches to Psychotherapy: Freud, Jung, and Tibetan Buddhism -- 13Two Paradigmatic Strands in the Buddhist Theory of Consciousness -- 14Heideggerian Thinking and the Eastern Mind -- V • Transcendence and Mysticism -- 15Energy of Consciousness in the Human Personality -- 16Human Consciousness and the Christian Mystic: Teresa of Avila -- 17Transformation of Self and World in Johannes Tauler’s Mysticism -- VI • Literary Modes -- 18God-Consciousness and the “Poetry of Madness” -- 19The Nature and Expression of Feminine Consciousness through Psychology and Literature -- 20Speculative Approaches to Consciousness in Science Fiction -- VII • The Natural Sciences -- 21Relativistic Quantum Psychology: A Reconceptualization of What We Thought We Knew -- 22Chemistry and Human Awareness: Natural Scientific Connections -- 23On the Shifting Structure of Mathematical Paradigms -- 24Computer Metaphors for Consciousness -- 25Thymós as Biopsychological Metaphor: The Vital Root of Consciousness.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9781489904294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 494 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: Critical Issues in Social Justice
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Ethics ; Social sciences ; Personality. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1 • Adapting to Scarcity and Change (I): Stating the Problem -- 2 • The Justice Motive in Human Relations: Some Thoughts on What We Know and Need to Know about Justice -- Basic Processes -- 3 • Theoretical Issues in the Development of Social Justice -- 4 • The Development of Justice and Self-Interest during Childhood -- 5 • Morality and the Development of Conceptions of Justice -- 6 • Social Change and the Contexts of Justice Motivation -- 7 • Retributive Justice -- 8 • The Social Psychology of Punishment Reactions -- 9 • Microjustice and Macrojustice -- Institutional Settings -- 10 • The Changing Longevity of Heterosexual Close Relationships: A Commentary and Forecast -- 11 • Giving and Receiving: Social Justice in Close Relationships -- 12 • The Exchange Process in Close Relationships: Microbehavior and Macromotives -- 13 • The Justice of Distributing Scarce and Abundant Resources -- 14 • The Allocation and Acquisition of Resources in Times of Scarcity -- 15 • Justice in “The Crunch” -- 16 • The Relationship of Economic Growth to Inequality in the Distribution of Income -- 17 • Justice Motives and Other Psychological Factors in the Development and Resolution of Disputes -- 18 • Down-to-Earth Justice: Pitfalls on the Road to Legal Decentralization -- 19 • Law as a Social Trap: Problems and Possibilities for the Future -- Endnote -- 20 • Adapting to Scarcity and Change (II): Constructive Alternatives -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This volume was conceived out of the concern with what the imminent future holds for the "have" countries ... those societies, such as the United States, which are based on complex technology and a high level of energy consumption. Even the most sanguine projection includes as base minimum relatively rapid and radical change in all aspects of the society, reflecting adaptation or reactions to demands created by poten­ tial threat to the technological base, sources of energy, to the life-support system itself. Whatever the source of these threats-whether they are the result of politically endogeneous or exogeneous forces-they will elicit changes in our social institutions; changes resulting not only from attempts to adapt but also from unintended consequences of failures to adapt. One reasonable assumption is that whatever the future holds for us, we would prefer to live in a world of minimal suffering with the greatest opportunity for fulfilling the human potential. The question then becomes one of how we can provide for these goals in that scenario for the imminent future ... a world of threat, change, need to adapt, diminishing access to that which has been familiar, comfortable, needed.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461331957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 503 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics
    Abstract: 1. “My First Interest Is Interest”: Berlyne as an Exemplar of the Curiosity Drive -- 2. Berlyne’s Theory: A Metascientific Study -- 3. The Quest for the Inverted U -- 4. Environmental Restriction and “Stimulus Hunger”: Theories and Applications -- 5. Explorations of Exploration -- 6. Arousal, Intrinsic Motivation, and Personality -- 7. Subjective Uncertainty and Task Preference -- 8. Experiential Roots of Intention, Initiative, and Trust -- 9. A Theory Deriving Preference from Conflict -- 10. Play: A Ludic Behavior -- 11. Toward a Taxonomy and Conceptual Model of Play -- 12. Intrinsic Motivation and Health -- 13. The Psychological Aesthetics of Narrative Forms -- 14. A Conceptual Analysis of Exploratory Behavior: The “Specific-Diversive” Distinction Revisited -- 15. Ambiguity, Complexity, and Preference for Works of Art -- 16. About the Role of Visual Exploration in Aesthetics -- 17. Bases of Transcultural Agreement in Response to Art -- 18. Information Theory and Melodic Perception: In Search of the Aesthetic Engram -- 19. Toward an Integrated Theory of Aesthetic Perception in the Visual Arts -- 20. Recent Developments in Experimental Aesthetics: A Summary of Berlyne Laboratory Research Activities, 1974–1977.
    Abstract: It has been both a pleasure and an honor to edit this book. The pleasure has been in interacting with the gifted authors who wrote the chapters for this volume and the honor has been in knowing that the book is dedicated to a great man and a brilliant psychologist-Daniel E. Berlyne. All the contributors to this book have been touched, at some time, by Dan Berlyne and his ideas. Whether as his teachers, his colleages, his peers, his students, or his friends and arguing partners, we have all felt his presence and been improved by it. The list of contributors to this volume is large and could have been much larger, for a number of people, in fact, contacted me for the oppor­ tunity to contribute when they heard about the purpose of this book. It is also an international list, for Dan Berlyne's contacts were international. The diversity in content and style is also intentional. The authors were invited to contribute an original paper in the field in which they are presently engaged, whether theoretical or a report of empirical work, and to indicate the contribution that Dan Berlyne had made to their work. As the reader will note, contributions range from personal and contact in a laboratory to ideas that elicit controversy, argument, and intensive re­ search. Daniel Ellis Berlyne was born in Selford, England, a suburb of Man­ chester,in 1924, and died in Toronto, Canada, on November 2, 1976.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9781468410570
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 / Man Apart? -- 2 / Poetry and Plutonium -- 3 / Humanistic Expressions of Cycles in Nature -- 4 / Reactions to the Primordial Bond Expressed in the Humanities -- 5 / Ancient Greek Natural Philosophy: The Bridge to Science -- 6 / What is Science? -- 7 / The Global Cycles of Life -- 8 / Human Disruptions of the Global Cycles of Life -- 9 / The Social Tithe -- Reference Notes.
    Abstract: Does the solution to our energy crisis depend upon the de­ velopment of coal, nuclear, solar, or some other energy source? Are we better off because science and technology have made us less vulnerable to natural catastrophes? How, in fact, do we see ourselves now in relation to our natural world? The answers to these questions lie as much within the humanities as in the sciences. Problems as seemingly unrelated as our vulnerability to OPEC oil price hikes or a smog alert in Los Angeles or Tokyo often have common, hidden causes. One of these causes is simply the way our society sees its place in nature. There are many reasons for the heavy demand for oil. Among these we vii viii I PREFACE can include desire for industrial growth, hopes for improved living standards, mobility through automobiles and rapid transportation systems, and, not least, an attempt to loosen the constraints on man imposed by nature. These constraints and man's concomitant dependence upon nature are exam­ ples of the intense and finely interwoven relationship be­ tween man and nature, a relationship that constitutes a pri­ mordial bond forged long before the era of modem technology. Similarly, man has explored this primordial bond through the humanities for all the centuries prior to our present techno­ logical age. As we will see in this exploration, the bond un­ derlies many of the environmental and technological prob­ lems we have come to label the ecological crisis.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 / Man Apart?2 / Poetry and Plutonium -- 3 / Humanistic Expressions of Cycles in Nature -- 4 / Reactions to the Primordial Bond Expressed in the Humanities -- 5 / Ancient Greek Natural Philosophy: The Bridge to Science -- 6 / What is Science? -- 7 / The Global Cycles of Life -- 8 / Human Disruptions of the Global Cycles of Life -- 9 / The Social Tithe -- Reference Notes.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468423280
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Social psychology.
    Abstract: I Fear of Success: Facts and Theories -- 1 Fear of Success—The Traditional View -- 2 Achievement Motivation Theory and a New Theory of Fear of Success -- 3 Social Psychological Perspectives on Fear of Success -- II Recent Research on Fear of Success -- 4 Scoring Success-Avoidance Thema in Responses to Verbal Story Cues -- 5 The The Cumulative Record of Research on Fear of Success -- 6 The Relationship of Fear of Success to Performance Behavior -- III Conclusion -- 7 Progress for Fear of Success -- References.
    Abstract: Nought's had, all's spent, Where our desire is got without content: 'Tis safer to be that which we destroy Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. So speaks Lady Macbeth upon the attainment of the aim of her ambition (act 3, scene 2). Is this expression of a fear of success the consequence of the highly competitive arena in which she is striving to achieve? Will this sentiment later lead to the avoidance of this or other forms of success? Does she fear success because she is a woman? While the fear and avoidance of success are ideas that are not new to psychology or to human behavior, recent work by Matina Homer has excited great interest in the psychological measure of a personal disposition to avoid success and a behavioral measure of that avoidance. It is with this recent wave of research and writing that Part II of this book is concerned. Great personal interest was stimulated in the "fear of success" concept. It is not only the hypochondriacs who find in the idea of a "fear of success" syndrome an explanation for the course of their lives. In Part I are presented the earlier forms which the concept of "fear of success" took, especially in psychoanalytic theory and per­ sonality theory, originating with Freud's discussion of "those wrecked by success," but citing some of the much older cultural traditions involving a fear and/or avoidance of success.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Fear of Success: Facts and Theories1 Fear of Success-The Traditional View -- 2 Achievement Motivation Theory and a New Theory of Fear of Success -- 3 Social Psychological Perspectives on Fear of Success -- II Recent Research on Fear of Success -- 4 Scoring Success-Avoidance Thema in Responses to Verbal Story Cues -- 5 The The Cumulative Record of Research on Fear of Success -- 6 The Relationship of Fear of Success to Performance Behavior -- III Conclusion -- 7 Progress for Fear of Success -- References.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9781468422955
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Psychiatry ; Difference (Psychology). ; Personality.
    Abstract: 1 The Author’s Premises -- Character Traits Can Change -- Treatment Is a Means of Changing Character -- Treatment and the Needs of the Individual -- Society’s Unreasonable Expectations -- Social Pressures and Impulsive Behavior -- Staff Attitude and Impulsive Behavior -- Drug Addiction as a Manifestation of Impulsive Behavior -- Specific Premises about Drug-Addicted Impulsive Individuals -- 2 The Settings and the People -- Lexington -- The Composite Patient at Lexington -- A Psychiatric Hospital Setting -- An Outpatient Clinic for Drug Abusers -- 3 Character Disorders -- Personality Disorders -- Paranoid -- Schizoid -- Explosive -- Antisocial -- Passive-Aggressive -- Borderline Personalities -- Depression -- Low Self-Esteem -- Inability to Form Close Personal Relationships -- Manipulation -- Nonpsychotic Techniques of Avoidance -- Inability to Examine One’s Own Behavior -- Action to Avoid Feeling -- Other People Are Unreal -- No Continuity in Patterns of Events -- Inability to Tolerate Criticism -- Inability to Plan -- Inability to Delay Gratification -- Entitlement -- No Experience Bearing Anxiety or Discomfort -- Self-Destruction -- Examples of Depression -- 4 Developmental Defect -- Normal Development -- Loss -- Reactions to the Loss -- Guilt and Conscience -- Inadequate Personal Relationships -- Summary -- 5 Games -- Kinds of Games -- Killing with Kindness -- Contracts -- Peace at Any Price -- Secret Deals -- Distractions -- “I’m No Racist” -- Poor Communication -- Goal Disharmony -- “Uh, Huh,I Knew It AU Along” -- Sliding by, or “I’m No Trouble” -- Good Guy-Bad Guy, or Splitting -- Jailhouse Lawyer -- The Lame Game -- Forget the Past -- Sulk -- Stir Him Up -- Confrontation Avoidance -- Focus on the Specific to Avoid the General Issue -- A Rose by Any Other Name -- No Loss Allowed -- Do as I Say, Not as I Do -- Going Through the Motions -- False Optimism -- Summary -- 6 Violence -- Destructiveness Outside of Treatment -- The Inherent Nature of Violence -- 7 A Graphic Approach to Understanding Intrapersonal Processes -- 8 Treatment -- Preconceived Distortions -- Gaining the Patient’s Attention -- Structure, Limits, Goals -- Transference-Countertransference -- “Different Strokes for Different Folks” -- Alcohol -- Sedative-Hypnotic Addiction -- Opiates -- Treatment Modalities -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: I began this book with two purposes. One goal was to present clinical information to support the belief that many of society's allegedly unh'eatable people could be helped to change their de­ structive patterns of living. A second purpose was to present a clear and simple primer for two groups of workers in the field. Most treatment institutions depend upon the services of nurses, aides, guards, and corrections officers. These people, who are the least prepared, do the hulk of the treatment. Because impulsive people learn much from their daily interactions out­ side of formal therapy, the understanding and the training of this "front-line" working staff are crucial. These staff members may find the second part of the book more helpful because of its use of clinical examples and techniques. The other group for whom this book is written includes those who are beginning in the mental health or corrections field. The concept of useful treatment of impulse-ridden people has only begun to be introduced into professional training pro­ grams. The assumption that these individuals were untreatable has kept many professionals at the fringes of this field. For this reason, I hope that the book will find its way into the hands of psychiatric residents, psychologists, social workers, nurses, pro­ bation officers, prison guards, youth workers, policemen, judges, etc.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Author’s PremisesCharacter Traits Can Change -- Treatment Is a Means of Changing Character -- Treatment and the Needs of the Individual -- Society’s Unreasonable Expectations -- Social Pressures and Impulsive Behavior -- Staff Attitude and Impulsive Behavior -- Drug Addiction as a Manifestation of Impulsive Behavior -- Specific Premises about Drug-Addicted Impulsive Individuals -- 2 The Settings and the People -- Lexington -- The Composite Patient at Lexington -- A Psychiatric Hospital Setting -- An Outpatient Clinic for Drug Abusers -- 3 Character Disorders -- Personality Disorders -- Paranoid -- Schizoid -- Explosive -- Antisocial -- Passive-Aggressive -- Borderline Personalities -- Depression -- Low Self-Esteem -- Inability to Form Close Personal Relationships -- Manipulation -- Nonpsychotic Techniques of Avoidance -- Inability to Examine One’s Own Behavior -- Action to Avoid Feeling -- Other People Are Unreal -- No Continuity in Patterns of Events -- Inability to Tolerate Criticism -- Inability to Plan -- Inability to Delay Gratification -- Entitlement -- No Experience Bearing Anxiety or Discomfort -- Self-Destruction -- Examples of Depression -- 4 Developmental Defect -- Normal Development -- Loss -- Reactions to the Loss -- Guilt and Conscience -- Inadequate Personal Relationships -- Summary -- 5 Games -- Kinds of Games -- Killing with Kindness -- Contracts -- Peace at Any Price -- Secret Deals -- Distractions -- “I’m No Racist” -- Poor Communication -- Goal Disharmony -- “Uh, Huh,I Knew It AU Along” -- Sliding by, or “I’m No Trouble” -- Good Guy-Bad Guy, or Splitting -- Jailhouse Lawyer -- The Lame Game -- Forget the Past -- Sulk -- Stir Him Up -- Confrontation Avoidance -- Focus on the Specific to Avoid the General Issue -- A Rose by Any Other Name -- No Loss Allowed -- Do as I Say, Not as I Do -- Going Through the Motions -- False Optimism -- Summary -- 6 Violence -- Destructiveness Outside of Treatment -- The Inherent Nature of Violence -- 7 A Graphic Approach to Understanding Intrapersonal Processes -- 8 Treatment -- Preconceived Distortions -- Gaining the Patient’s Attention -- Structure, Limits, Goals -- Transference-Countertransference -- “Different Strokes for Different Folks” -- Alcohol -- Sedative-Hypnotic Addiction -- Opiates -- Treatment Modalities -- Conclusion.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461587804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Cosmology: Myth or Science? -- II. Elementary Particles, Universes, and Singularity Surfaces -- III. General Relativity and our View of the Physical Universe -- IV. Quantum Relativity and the Cosmic Observer -- V. The Expansion of the Universe in the Frame of Conventional General Relativity -- VI. Models, Laws, and the Universe -- VII. Cosmology and Theology -- VIII. An Observational View of the Cosmos -- IX. The Generation of Matter and the Conservation of Energy -- X. On a Chaotic Early Universe -- XI. Cosmological Implications of Non-Velocity Redshifts—A Tired—Light Mechanism -- XII. The Role of Time in Cosmology -- XIII. On Some Cosmological Theories and Constants -- XIV. John Wyclyf on Time -- XV. The English Background to the Cosmology of Wright and Herschel -- XVI. The History of Science and the Idea of an Oscillating Universe -- XVII. Heaven and Earth-The Relation of the Nebular Hypothesis to Geology -- XVIII. Laplace as a Cosmologist -- XIX. Cosmology in the Wake of Tycho Brahe’s Astronomy -- XX. Chronology and the Age of the World -- XXI. Cosmic Order and Human Disorder -- XXII. Basic Christian Assumptions about the Cosmos -- XXIII. Cosmos and Creation -- XXIV. Creation and Redemption -- Index of Proper Names.
    Abstract: It is difficult to doubt that we suffer at present from the manifold aspects of an economic crisis which affects all walks of life. Well, men in almost every epoch in history have maintained that they were going through a crisis which was sup­ posed to be always more grave than any preceding critical phase. Very often those crises were not of an economic nature, but concerned either health, the political structure, the opportunity of acquiring knowledge, and so on. I think that we would consider today that some of those claims that were made in various historical epochs were often exaggerated if viewed from a historical point of view. However, it seems undeniable that we at present are in the middle of a universal economic crisis which has affected almost every facet of our daily life. And yet, the fact that despite these adverse conditions it is still possible to gather scholars from all corners of the world to deal with often sheer theo­ retical and sometimes abstract pursuits is a refutation of any facile pessimism­ it is reassuring to all who wonder where political and social events are taking us. Our salvation may well come from those acts of the mind so character­ istic of the pure scientist and scholar.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Cosmology: Myth or Science?II. Elementary Particles, Universes, and Singularity Surfaces -- III. General Relativity and our View of the Physical Universe -- IV. Quantum Relativity and the Cosmic Observer -- V. The Expansion of the Universe in the Frame of Conventional General Relativity -- VI. Models, Laws, and the Universe -- VII. Cosmology and Theology -- VIII. An Observational View of the Cosmos -- IX. The Generation of Matter and the Conservation of Energy -- X. On a Chaotic Early Universe -- XI. Cosmological Implications of Non-Velocity Redshifts-A Tired-Light Mechanism -- XII. The Role of Time in Cosmology -- XIII. On Some Cosmological Theories and Constants -- XIV. John Wyclyf on Time -- XV. The English Background to the Cosmology of Wright and Herschel -- XVI. The History of Science and the Idea of an Oscillating Universe -- XVII. Heaven and Earth-The Relation of the Nebular Hypothesis to Geology -- XVIII. Laplace as a Cosmologist -- XIX. Cosmology in the Wake of Tycho Brahe’s Astronomy -- XX. Chronology and the Age of the World -- XXI. Cosmic Order and Human Disorder -- XXII. Basic Christian Assumptions about the Cosmos -- XXIII. Cosmos and Creation -- XXIV. Creation and Redemption -- Index of Proper Names.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461342625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: I. Broad Context of Action Research -- 1. Professional Responsibility of Social Scientists -- 2. Whatever Happened to Action Research? -- 3. Action Research and the Development of the Social Sciences -- 4. Engaging with Large-Scale Systems -- 5. The Theory and Practice of Action Research in Work Organizations -- 6. Complementary Roles in Action Research -- 7. Action Research in a Minisociety -- II. Internal Processes of Action Research -- 8. The Design of Action Research -- 9. The Client-Practitioner Relationship as an Intersystem Engagement -- 10. Controlling the Variance in Action Research -- 11. Sanction: A Critical Element in Action Research -- 12. The Role of the Mediator in Action Research -- 13. Hobson’s Choice in Action Research -- 14. A Large Organization Consults Its Staff -- 15. Group Feedback Analysis as a Method of Action Research -- 16. Action Research and Adaptive Planning -- Notes on Contributors -- References.
    Abstract: The notion of preparing Experimenting with Organizational Life developed among members of the Human Resources Centre at the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations. It arose from their concern that the learning from field en­ gagements should be reported and passed on systematically. A series of internal seminars was started, and Robert Rapoport made a presentation on behalf of the group to a conference arranged by the United Kingdom Social Science Research Council in 1970. At first it was intended that only work directly connected with the Tavistock Institute should be included. Gradually it became apparent that the book would be strengthened by drawing on the work of people outside the Institute. In editing the contributions, I am especially indebted to my colleague P. Michael Foster, convener of the Human Resources Centre, for his unwavering support. I would also like to thank the authors and all those who contributed their ideas and thoughts. In the drive to unify the book they have cheerfully en­ dured my editorial changes. Hidden contributors to the book are members of the various client systems who granted privileged access to information and settings. Special thanks are due to Nicola Lacy Scott who has acted as subeditor, encour­ aging me when my spirits dropped and pressing for clarity of ideas and expres­ sion. The secretarial burden was ably carried by Pamela Rant.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Broad Context of Action Research1. Professional Responsibility of Social Scientists -- 2. Whatever Happened to Action Research? -- 3. Action Research and the Development of the Social Sciences -- 4. Engaging with Large-Scale Systems -- 5. The Theory and Practice of Action Research in Work Organizations -- 6. Complementary Roles in Action Research -- 7. Action Research in a Minisociety -- II. Internal Processes of Action Research -- 8. The Design of Action Research -- 9. The Client-Practitioner Relationship as an Intersystem Engagement -- 10. Controlling the Variance in Action Research -- 11. Sanction: A Critical Element in Action Research -- 12. The Role of the Mediator in Action Research -- 13. Hobson’s Choice in Action Research -- 14. A Large Organization Consults Its Staff -- 15. Group Feedback Analysis as a Method of Action Research -- 16. Action Research and Adaptive Planning -- Notes on Contributors -- References.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468407426
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 The Pioneers of Systematic Thinking -- 2 The Logic of the Plausible -- 3 Introduction of Some Important Applications -- References.
    Abstract: So simple and imperfect as it may appear this book has made use of knowledge on invention and discovery accumu­ lated during a lifetime. Those persons who would be tempted to emphasize only its imperfections should read the correspondence exchanged between Cantor and Dedekind at the end of the nineteenth century; they would then realize how difficult it was, even for an outstanding man, the creator of the set theory, to propose impeccable results in a completely new field. The field I have chosen here is plausibility. I have proposed an intuitive, some would say a naive, presentation as I want to reach as large an audience as possible and because I personally believe that it is easier to axiomatize a mathematical theory precisely than to dis­ cover it and enunciate its key theorems. Professor Polya said: "The truly creative mathematician is a good guesser first and a good prover afterward. " For centuries a formalized generalized logic was found necessary and many attempts have been made to build it. vi Preface Mine is based on plausibility which covers with precision a wider field than probability and makes the formalization of analogy and generalization possible. As Laplace said: "Even in the mathematical sciences, our principal instru­ ments to discover the truth are induction and analogy. "* The examples of application I have chosen are not des­ cribed in detail.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Pioneers of Systematic Thinking2 The Logic of the Plausible -- 3 Introduction of Some Important Applications -- References.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9781468419658
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Autonomy of Biology as a Natural Science -- II. The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology -- III. Electronic Mobility in Biological Processes -- IV. The Evolution and Organization of Sentient Biological Behavior Systems -- V. The Evolutionary Significance of Biological Templates -- VI. Evolutionary Modulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development -- VII. Respiration as Interface Between Self and Non-Self: Historico-Biological Perspectives -- VIII. Measurement Theory and Biology -- IX. The Transition from Theoretical Physics into Theoretical Biology -- X. Scientific Enterprises from a Biological Point of View -- XI. Historical Observations Concerning the Relationship Between Biology and Mathematics -- XII. A Survey of the Mechanical Interpretations of Life from Greek Atomists to the Followers of Descartes -- XIII. The Place of Normative Ethics within a Biological Framework -- XIV. The Evolutionary Thought of Teilhard de Chardin -- XV. The Use of Biological Concepts in the Writing of History -- XVI. What is a Historical System? -- XVII. On a Difference Between the Natural Sciences and History -- XVIII. Historical Taxonomy -- XIX. Theories of the Universe in the Late Eighteenth Century -- XX. Must a Machine Be an Automaton? -- XXI. Epistemology, the Mind and the Computer -- XXII. Marginal Notes on Schrödinger.
    Abstract: In a world that peers over the brink of disaster more often than not it is difficul t to find specific assignments for the scholarly community. One speaks of peace and brotherhood only to realize that for many the only real hope of making a contribution may seem to be in a field of scientific specialization seemingly irrelevant to social causes and problems. Yet the history of man since the beginnings of science in the days of the Greeks does not support this gloomy thesis. Time and again we have seen science precipitate social trends or changes in the humanistic beliefs that have a significant effect on. the scientific community. Not infrequently the theoretical scientist, triggered by society's changing goals and understandings, finds ultimate satisfaction in the work of his colleagues in engineering and the other applied fields. Thus the major debate in mid-nineteenth century in which the evidence of natural history and geology at variance with the Biblical feats provided not only courage to a timid Darwin but the kind of audience that was needed to fit his theories into the broad public dialogue on these topics. The impact of "Darwinism" was felt far beyond the scientific community. It affected social thought, upset religious certainties and greatly affected the teaching of science.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Autonomy of Biology as a Natural ScienceII. The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology -- III. Electronic Mobility in Biological Processes -- IV. The Evolution and Organization of Sentient Biological Behavior Systems -- V. The Evolutionary Significance of Biological Templates -- VI. Evolutionary Modulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development -- VII. Respiration as Interface Between Self and Non-Self: Historico-Biological Perspectives -- VIII. Measurement Theory and Biology -- IX. The Transition from Theoretical Physics into Theoretical Biology -- X. Scientific Enterprises from a Biological Point of View -- XI. Historical Observations Concerning the Relationship Between Biology and Mathematics -- XII. A Survey of the Mechanical Interpretations of Life from Greek Atomists to the Followers of Descartes -- XIII. The Place of Normative Ethics within a Biological Framework -- XIV. The Evolutionary Thought of Teilhard de Chardin -- XV. The Use of Biological Concepts in the Writing of History -- XVI. What is a Historical System? -- XVII. On a Difference Between the Natural Sciences and History -- XVIII. Historical Taxonomy -- XIX. Theories of the Universe in the Late Eighteenth Century -- XX. Must a Machine Be an Automaton? -- XXI. Epistemology, the Mind and the Computer -- XXII. Marginal Notes on Schrödinger.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468416954
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Autonomy of Biology as a Natural Science -- II. The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology -- III. Electronic Mobility in Biological Processes -- IV. The Evolution and Organization of Sentient Biological Behavior Systems -- V. The Evolutionary Significance of Biological Templates -- VI. Evolutionary Modulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development -- VII. Respiration as Interface Between Self and Non-Self: Historico-Biological Perspectives -- VIII. Measurement Theory and Biology -- IX. The Transition from Theoretical Physics into Theoretical Biology -- X. Scientific Enterprises from a Biological Point of View -- XI. Historical Observations Concerning the Relationship Between Biology and Mathematics -- XII. A Survey of the Mechanical Interpretations of Life from Greek Atomists to the Followers of Descartes -- XIII. The Place of Normative Ethics Within a Biological Framework -- XIV. The Evolutionary Thought of Teilhard De Chardin -- XV. The Use of Biological Concepts in in the Writing of History -- XVI. What is a Historical System? -- XVII. On a Difference Between the Natural Sciences and History -- XVIII. Historical Taxonomy -- XIX. Theories of the Universe in the Late Eighteenth Century -- XX. Must a Machine be an Automaton? -- XXI. Epistemology, the Mind and the Computer -- XXII. Marginal Notes on Schrödinger.
    Abstract: In a world that peers over the brink of disaster more often than not it is difficult to find specific assignments for the scholarly community. One speaks of peace and brotherhood only to realize that for many the only real hope of making a contribution may seem to be in a field of scientific specialization seemingly irrelevant to social causes and problems. Yet the history of man since the beginnings of science in the days of the Greeks does not support this gloomy thesis. Time and again we have seen science precipitate social trends or changes in the humanistic beliefs that have a significant effect on the scientific community. Not infrequently the theoretical scientist, triggered by society's changing goals and understandings, finds ultimate satisfaction in the work of his colleagues in engineering and the other applied fields. Thus the major debate in mid-nineteenth century in which the evidence of natural history and geology at variance with the Biblical feats provided not only courage to a timid Darwin but the kind of audience that was needed to fit his theories into the broad public dialogue on these topics. The impact of "Darwinism" was felt far beyond the scientific community. It affected social thought, upset religious certainties and greatly affected the teaching of science.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Autonomy of Biology as a Natural ScienceII. The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology -- III. Electronic Mobility in Biological Processes -- IV. The Evolution and Organization of Sentient Biological Behavior Systems -- V. The Evolutionary Significance of Biological Templates -- VI. Evolutionary Modulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development -- VII. Respiration as Interface Between Self and Non-Self: Historico-Biological Perspectives -- VIII. Measurement Theory and Biology -- IX. The Transition from Theoretical Physics into Theoretical Biology -- X. Scientific Enterprises from a Biological Point of View -- XI. Historical Observations Concerning the Relationship Between Biology and Mathematics -- XII. A Survey of the Mechanical Interpretations of Life from Greek Atomists to the Followers of Descartes -- XIII. The Place of Normative Ethics Within a Biological Framework -- XIV. The Evolutionary Thought of Teilhard De Chardin -- XV. The Use of Biological Concepts in in the Writing of History -- XVI. What is a Historical System? -- XVII. On a Difference Between the Natural Sciences and History -- XVIII. Historical Taxonomy -- XIX. Theories of the Universe in the Late Eighteenth Century -- XX. Must a Machine be an Automaton? -- XXI. Epistemology, the Mind and the Computer -- XXII. Marginal Notes on Schrödinger.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9781468417494
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. A Realist View of Logic, Physics, and History -- II. Knowledge and Physical Reality -- III. The Science of History and Notions of Personality -- IV. The Growth of a Theoretical Model: A Simple Case Study -- V. Existence -- VI. The Problems of Unifying Cosmology with Microphysics -- VII. The Evolution of Evolution -- VIII. Plea for Pluralism in Philosophy and Physics -- IX. On Semantic Information -- X. Quantification and Ontological Commitment -- XI. Possible Internal Subquantum Motions of Elementary Particles -- XII. The Three Kings of Physics -- XIII. Scepticism and the Study of History -- XIV. Causation in History -- XV. Relativity Theory and Historicity of Physical Systems -- XVI. General Relativity as an Open Theory -- XVII. What Is Russell’s Theory of Descriptions? -- XVIII. The Non-Quantal Foundations of Quantum Mechanics -- XIX. Some Problems of the Connection between Technical Development and Economic History -- XX. Is Science Human? -- Conclusion The Editors.
    Abstract: It is a trite and often lamented fact that every academic discipline suffers from the malady of overspecialization and expertise. Who, in his scholarly experience, has not encountered technical gibberish and the jargon of the pundit? The contributors to this work have aUempted to remove the artifi­ cial barriers between these respective disciplines. The purpose of this volume is to explore the ever present links between logic, physical reality, and history. Indeed there are not two or three or four cuItures: there is only one culture; our generation has lost its awareness of this. Though serious, it is not tragic. All we need is to free ourselves from the fetters of mere "technicalese" and search for a comprehensive interpretation of logical and physical theories. His'torians, logicians, physicists - all are banded in one common enterprise, namely in their desire to weave an enlightened fabric of human knowledge. It is a current, and perhaps weJcome, trend in philosophie inquiry to de-psychologize systems, methods, and theories. However, there is an equally fashionable tendency to minimize or even eschew the historical aspects of logical and physical theories, and analogously, there is a deep­ seated mistrust among physicists and cosmologists against the seemingly pure abstractions of logical formalisms.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. A Realist View of Logic, Physics, and HistoryII. Knowledge and Physical Reality -- III. The Science of History and Notions of Personality -- IV. The Growth of a Theoretical Model: A Simple Case Study -- V. Existence -- VI. The Problems of Unifying Cosmology with Microphysics -- VII. The Evolution of Evolution -- VIII. Plea for Pluralism in Philosophy and Physics -- IX. On Semantic Information -- X. Quantification and Ontological Commitment -- XI. Possible Internal Subquantum Motions of Elementary Particles -- XII. The Three Kings of Physics -- XIII. Scepticism and the Study of History -- XIV. Causation in History -- XV. Relativity Theory and Historicity of Physical Systems -- XVI. General Relativity as an Open Theory -- XVII. What Is Russell’s Theory of Descriptions? -- XVIII. The Non-Quantal Foundations of Quantum Mechanics -- XIX. Some Problems of the Connection between Technical Development and Economic History -- XX. Is Science Human? -- Conclusion The Editors.
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