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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (37)
  • 1980-1984  (37)
  • Boston, MA : Springer  (37)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461327530
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    DDC: 618.1
    Keywords: Medicine ; Ethics ; Gynecology ; Epidemiology ; Social sciences
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781489903723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 257 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Linguistics ; Language and languages—Style. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1. The Language of Negotiation -- 2. The Courtroom Context of Plea Bargaining -- 3. Frame Analysis of Plea Bargaining -- 4. The Structure of Bargaining Sequences -- 5. Routine and Adversarial Justice -- 6. Descriptions and Assessments of Defendants -- 7. Modeling Sentencing Decisions -- 8. A Discourse System for Negotiation -- 9. Inside Plea Bargaining -- Appendix 1. Adapted Transcribing Conventions -- Appendix 2. The Frank Bryan Case -- Appendix 3. The Maria Dominguez Case -- Appendix 4. The Lucinda Smith Case -- Appendix 5. The Donald Cleaver Case -- Appendix 6. The Cliff Washington Case -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Negotiation is a ubiquitous part of social life. Some even say that social order itself is a negotiated phenomenon. Yet the study of negotiation as an actual discourse activity, occurring between people who have substantial interests and tasks in the real social world, is in its infancy. This is the more surprising because plea bargaining, as a specific form of negotiation, has recently been the center of an enormous amount of research attention. Much of the concern has been directed to basic ques­ tions of justice, such as how fair the process is, whether it is unduly coercive, and whether it accurately separates the guilty from the innocent. A study such as mine does not try to answer these sorts of questions. I believe that we are not in a position to answer them until we approach plea bargaining on its own complex terms. Previous studies that have attempted to provide a general picture of the process as a way to assess its degree of justness have neglected the specific skills by which prac­ titioners bargain and negotiate, the particular procedures through which various surface features such as character assessment are accomplished, and concrete ways in which justice is administered and, simultaneously, caseloads are managed.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781475760859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 130 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The mechanical construction of the microscope -- 2 Image formation in the microscope -- 3 Objectives and eyepieces -- 4 Illumination of the object -- 5 Polarized light microscopy -- 6 Opaque stop and phase contrast microscopy -- 7 Interference microscopy -- 8 Quantitative microscopy -- 9 Specimen preparation -- 10 Photomicrography -- References and further reading -- Appendix: The care of the microscope.
    Abstract: Since Sorby published his observations on the structures of steels in 1863, the optical microscope has become one of the most widely used and versatile instruments for examining the structures of engineering materials. Moreover, to examine the diverse range of materials encountered, it must be used in both the reflected-light and transmitted-light forms, and with polarized light. It is complementary to, but not superseded by, the wide range of electron-optical instruments that are now used. Despite its extensive use, it has been described as the most misused, abused, and misunderstood of scientific instruments, for it will produce an image of a sort no matter how badly it is used. To use it effectively, even in its simplest applications, a knowledge of the simple theory of the microscope is necessary, for the theory shows and explains how it should be used. Thus my aim has been to give a simple and, where possible, quantitative account of both the theory and the use of the microscope, including the various special techniques for which it can be used. But, no matter how effectively the microscope is used, if the specimen is inadequately prepared the results of examination will be of doubtful value.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9781475717730
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 355 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Regression of Atherosclerosis in Animals -- The Pathobiology of the Atherosclerotic Plaque in the Mid-1980s -- Interaction of Therapeutic Diets and Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs in Regression Studies in Animals -- Progression and Regression of Nonhuman Primate Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Considerations of Experimental Design -- The Comparative Pathology of Nonhuman Primate Atherosclerosis -- Plant Glycosides. Effects on Atherosclerosis Regression in Macaca fascicularis -- Plasma Lipoprotein Changes Induced by Diets. Effect on Progression and Regression of Arterial Lesions in Nonhuman Primates -- Regression of Arterial Lesions in Animal Models: Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Aspects -- Use of Cholesteryl Ester Analogs to Study Transport of Lipoproteins in Intact Animals -- Interaction Between Lipids and the Intercellular Matrix of the Arterial Wall: Its Role in the Evolution of the Atherosclerotic Lesion -- II. Studies on Human Atherosclerosis -- The Evolution of Human Atherosclerotic Lesions -- Possible Recognition of Atherosclerosis Regression in Humans -- High-Density Lipoproteins and Their Role in Preventing or Retarding Atherosclerosis -- Studies on Arterial Interstitial Fluid -- Comparison of the Morphology of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Coronary Arteries of Man with Morphology of Lesions Produced and Regressed in Experimental Primates -- Control or Reversal of Atherosclerosis Through Therapy of Lipid Disorders -- Planning and Evaluation of Studies on Atherosclerosis in Controlled Clinical Trials -- Status of Controlled Clinical Trials in Peripheral Vessel Atherosclerosis -- Regression of Atherosclerosis in Man: Current Data and Their Methodological Limitations -- Regression of Femoral Atherosclerosis in Humans: Methodological and Clinical Problems Associated with Studies of Femoral Atherosclerosis Development as Assessed by Angiograms -- Regression of Atherosclerosis in Humans: Anatomical Evidence from Postmortem Studies.
    Abstract: The Advanced Study Institute on Regression of Atherosclerotic Lesions, sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was held in Maratea, Italy, September 11-13, 1983. The institute was designed to foster discussion of experimental data on the regression of atherosclerosis in animals and evidence of a similar phenomenon in humans. The participating scientists showed with anatomical and biochemical data, that atherosclerosis regresses in cholesterol fed animals after withdrawal of atherogenic stimuli. The existence of regression in humans was inferred from sequential angiographic visualization of arteries, but anatomical and biochemical characteristics of the process have not been defined. Two mechanisms are probably involved in such an angiographic regression. The first, which may occur when hyperlipidemia is partly or fully corrected or during undernutrition or other metabolic abnormalities, may be related to atherosclerosis changes noted in animals undergoing regression. The second type seems independent of changes in plasma lipid levels and may involve resolution of thrombi or other underlying arterial wall factors. The relative frequencies of the two mechanisms are unknown; whether they can occur simultaneously also warrants consideration. It is likely that an exciting milestone will be forthcoming when regression of atherosclerosis is unequivocally demonstrated in humans. Publication of these institute proceedings constitutes a valuable background for future developments.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468478501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    DDC: 576.8
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Ethics ; Evolution (Biology) ; Economics ; Social sciences ; Psychology, clinical
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461579724
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Electrochemistry of Oil-Water Interfaces -- 1. Potential Difference at Oil-Water Interfaces -- 2. Electrocapillarity -- 3. Binding at Oil-Water Interfaces -- 4. Electrocapillary Emulsification -- 5. Coalescence of Droplets -- 6. Potential Distribution of Membrane Systems -- Abbreviations -- Notation -- References -- 2. Kinetic Theory of Flotation of Small Particles -- 1. Specific Features of the Mechanism Involving Fixation of Small Particles on the Surface of a Bubble -- 2. Specific Features of the Mechanism of Transfer of Small Particles to the Bubble Surface -- 3. Quantitative Theory of Flotation of Small and Medium-Sized Spherical Particles -- 4. Quantitative Experimental Research into Flotation of Small Particles -- 5. Detachment of Small Particles in Contactless Flotation and the Dynamic Adsorption Layer of a Bubble -- 6. Nonequilibrium Surface Forces in Flotation -- 7. Collision Efficiency and Flotation Kinetics -- 8. Influence of Aggregation of the Particles on the Elementary Act of Inertia-free Flotation -- 9. Flotation of Submicron Particles -- 10. Conclusions -- Notation -- References -- 3. Specifically Impermeable Precipitate Membranes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Hirsch Effect -- 3. Precipitate Formation by Double Diffusion in Gels -- 4. Place of First Formation of Precipitate Lines in Double Diffusion in Gels -- 5. Evolution of Precipitate Lines in Double Diffusion as a Function of Reagent Concentration and Time -- 6. Nondiffusion Methods for Generating Precipitate Lines -- 7. Single-Diffusion Precipitation -- 8. Liesegang Phenomenon -- 9. Biological Precipitate Membranes -- References -- 4. Dynamic Surface Tension and Capillary Waves -- 1. Introduction: Surface Constitutive Equations -- 2. General Theoretical Discussion -- 3. General Remarks on Ripple Methods for the Study of Dynamic Surface Tension -- 4. Interfacial Wave Methods -- 5. The Spectroscopy of Ripples -- 6. Appendix: Reduction of the Determinant Given by Hansen et al. -- References -- 5. Digital-Computer-Oriented Numerical Analysis in Surface Chemistry -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nonlinear Least-Squares Analysis -- 3. Analysis of Model Stability to Small Errors: Prediction Analysis -- 4. Methods -- 5. Appendix -- References -- 6. Advances in Experimental Techniques for Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mercury Intrusion Instruments -- 3. Sample Selection and Preparation -- 4. Low-Pressure Intrusion Measurements -- 5. High-Pressure Intrusion Measurements -- 6. Rate of Pressurization -- 7. Presentation of Intrusion Results -- 8. Microcomputers and Porosimeters -- 9. Testing Particulate Materials -- 10. Other Useful Information Available from an Intrusion Experiment -- 11. Closing Statement -- References -- 7. The Contact Angle of Mercury on the Internal Surfaces of Porous Bodies: A Footnote to D. N. Winslow’s Review of Porosimetry -- 1. Introduction -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468447811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Criminal Justice and Public Safety
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Criminology ; Management science. ; Political science. ; Sociology. ; Business.
    Abstract: 1. Crime and Police Resources: A Policy Agenda -- Beginning Points -- Crime Control -- Resources Allocation -- New Form of Police Agency -- The Agenda -- I-Policy Administration -- 2. The Science of Policing -- 3. The Art of Policing -- II-Policy Formulation -- 4. Politics and Policing -- 5. Purpose and Policing -- III-Policy Leadership -- 6. New Community Approach -- 7. A New Managerial Approach -- IV-Policy Beginnings -- 8. The Police Manager -- 9. The Elected Official -- 10. Epilogue -- References -- Appendix: Reading List for the Elected Official 219 Index.
    Abstract: The question of how to use police resources productively, par­ ticularly in this era of tight municipal budgets, is a major con­ cern for police chiefs and others responsible for crime control. In Crime Control: The Use and Misuse of Police Resources, David J. Farmer provides new insights into this question and sug­ gests a practical resource allocation approach for police poli­ cymakers and administrators. The book documents the results of current police resource allocation practices and describes the major research studies that have identified a need to restructure police field operations. It very usefully outlines the development and nature of allocation techniques and ana­ lyzes the political contexts which influence resource alloca,., tion. After describing planning at the neighborhood level that should inform the allocation process, the author provides a comprehensive "planning-budgeting-resources allocation" approach to managing a productive police department. This comprehensive approach is illustrated by an account of the Manpower Allocation Review System (MARS), which the author developed and introduced in the New York City Police Department in 1972 when I was commissioner. As I can vii FOREWORD viii attest, the MARS approach had practical utility. For the author, it served as a forerunner to the more elaborate system he describes in this book.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9781461327271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (414p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Language
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: The definition of functions and categories -- Syntactic-morphological discrepancies in Maltese sentence structure -- Heuristic problems concerning the identification of grammatical relations: the case of the Westgermania (Dutch — English — German) -- Verb complements and sentence complements: two different types of relation -- Observations on the syntax of English nominals -- Constructional properties of the sentence -- The structure of infinitival perception verb complements in a transformational grammar -- Passive in a semantic dependency network -- Verb-first clauses in Icelandic, successive cyclic wh-movement and syntactic binding -- The construction of the infinitive with causative movement verbs in French -- Generalized union -- On the status of verbal reflexives -- Reflexivization in English -- Tense and aspect -- The temporal reference of the English futurate -- Prolegomena to a semantic analysis of phase-indicating verbal periphrases in Portuguese -- Time, tense and restriction (On the French periphrasis ‘venir de + infinitive’) -- The organization of grammar -- The configurational matrix -- Towards plausibility in theories of language acquisition -- References.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468470154
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Social sciences
    Abstract: I. Policy Analysis in a New Key: Exploring Alternatives to Positivism -- 1. Interpretive Social Science and Policy Analysis -- 2 Social Science as Practical Reason -- 3 Comment on Robert N. Bellah, “Social Science as Practical Reason” -- 4 Imperfect Democracy and the Moral Responsibilities of Policy Advisers -- 5 Value-Critical Policy Analysis -- 6 Emancipatory Social Science and Social Critique -- II. Social Science and Political Advocacy -- 7 The British Tradition of Social Administration: Moral Concerns at the Expense of Scientific Rigor -- 8 Social Research and Political Advocacy: New Stages and Old Problems in Integrating Science and Values -- 9 Ideology, Interests, and Information: The Basis of Policy Positions -- III. Disciplinary Standards and Policy Analysis -- 10 Use of Social Science Data for Policy Analysis and Policymaking -- 11 Social Science and Policy Analysis: Some Fundamental Differences -- 12 Subverting Policy Premises -- 13 Partial Knowledge -- IV. Toward Ethical Guidelines -- 14 Toward Ethical Guidelines for Social Science Research in Public Policy.
    Abstract: The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif­ ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find­ ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep­ tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in­ fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le­ gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468468465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Robot Technology, A Series in Eight Volumes 1
    Series Statement: Robot Technology 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Definitions and objectives -- Origin of the word ‘robot’ -- Robotics today -- What is a robot? -- Classification of robots -- Conclusions -- 2 Structure and specification of articulated robots -- Degrees of freedom of a solid -- Degrees of freedom of a robot -- Position of the vehicle and resulting redundancy of degrees of freedom -- How many degrees of freedom? -- False degrees of freedom -- Architecture of the arm -- Description of articulated mechanical systems -- Conclusions -- 3 Articulated mechanical systems: determination of kinematic elements -- Computation of the orientation of a chain relative to a set bound to an upper segment -- Computation of the orientation of a chain relative to a set bound to a lower segment -- Computation of the position of a point on a chain in relation to an upper segment -- Computation of the position of a point on a chain in relation to a lower segment -- Determination of the velocity vectors of rotation of different segments of a chain relative to a set of coordinate axes -- Determination of the velocity vectors of translation of different segments of a chain relative to a set of coordinate axes -- Conclusions -- 4 Calculation of robot articulation variables -- The absence of a solution -- An infinite number of solutions -- A limited number of solutions -- Practical choice of [Pi(R0), Sj(R0)] -- Mechanisms with six degrees of freedom -- Mechanisms with more than six degrees of freedom -- Conclusions -- 5 Positional control of articulated robots -- Reference and starting configurations -- The principles of positional control -- Balanced and initialization configurations -- The problems associated with positional control -- 6 Speed control of articulated robots -- The principles of speed control -- Problems arising from the use of equation (6-16) -- Methods of resolving redundant systems -- Conclusions -- 7 Articulated mechanical systems: the dynamic model -- A dynamic model for an open articulated chain of rigid segments, without backlash or friction -- Development of a dynamic equation for a system having three degrees of freedom -- Another type of model: the bond graph -- Difficulties with dynamic models -- A dynamic model of a belt drive -- Conclusions -- 8 Dynamic control of articulated robots -- Problems associated with real time and computation -- Simplification of the equation of the model -- Other methods of dynamic control -- The choice of the space used in computation -- Conclusions -- 9 Learning and trajectory generation -- Methods of recording trajectories -- Manual control used outside of training -- Improved controls -- Trajectory generation -- Conclusions -- 10 Tasks and performance of articulated robots -- Description of tasks -- The performance of articulated robots -- Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: This first volume in the series is based on part of a course that I taught in various state and private institutions during 1979 and 1980. It was concerned with the design and control of stationary, articulated robots operating as non-feedback systems. This book (which is devoted to the statement and understanding of problems rather than their solution) presents a review of some of the work, started in 1972, of the team involved with robotics and biomechanics at the Automation Laboratory at Montpellier, in association with the French National Centre for Scientific Research. I am greatly indebted to Professor A. Liegeois, the guiding light of the team, to A. Fournier, E. Dombre, W. Khalil, P. Molinier and P. Borrel who have contributed so much to the progress made in this field. The second volume will describe the present state of the knowledge of robotic systems which are able to perceive the environment, to a greater or lesser extent, and to react appropriately. Such robots will be able to perform the function required of them, in spite of unpredictable, limited changes in the environment. The third volume will deal with teleoperations, the branch of robotics characterized by the necessary and almost permanent presence of a human operator at the controls. The fourth volume will be concerned with technological components of robots and further volumes will discuss robotic languages and programming methods, decision autonomy and artificial intelligence and, finally, the computer-aided design of robots.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461336495
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1. The Northern Algonkian Project and Changing Perceptions of Human Adaptation -- 2. History and Ecology of the Boreal Zone in Ontario -- 3. Prehistory of the Interior Forest of Northern Ontario -- 4. Cultural Adaptations: The Northern Ojibwa of the Boreal Forest 1670–1980 -- 5. Historical and Recent Demography of the Algonkians of Northern Ontario -- 6. Boreal Foraging Strategies -- 7. Boreal Forest Hazards and Adaptations: The Past -- 8. Boreal Forest Hazards and Adaptations: The Present -- 9. Biological Distances and Genetic Relationships within Algonkians -- 10. Coping with Cold and Other Challenges of the Boreal Forest: An Overview.
    Abstract: The chapters making up this volume are not just a collection of parts which were more or less on the same topic and happened to be available for cobbling together. Instead, they were written especially for it. We had before us from the beginning the goal of creating a synthesis of interest to students of environmental adaptation, but adaptation broadly construed, and to one of the world's difficult environments-the boreal forest. This is anthropology-but not anthropology of the old school. A word of explanation may be in order. Ecologists and those in traditional biological sci­ ences may find some of what follows to be familiar in format and in intellectual approach. Others of our perspectives may feel less comfortable and in fact may seem to be refugees from scholarship more of the sort pursued by historians. All that is quite true and rather nicely reflects the dualities and potential of anthropology as a discipline. We have always drawn strength from the arts as well as the sciences. We have more recently tried to identify biological templates for human behavior, and to understand the reciprocal impact of behavior on the human organism. Anthropology is a discipline, part art and part science, which is at once historical, behavioral, societal, and biological. No species has left a clearer path through time than has ours, and none has made its way through such a diversity of challenging environments. Determining how humanity has managed to do that is our goal.
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  • 12
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461335368
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 356 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 520
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461592693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
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  • 14
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781489927873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 305 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
    Abstract: Introduction: Before the Killing Stopped -- Introduction: Death but Not Torture -- 1. The Retributivist’s Case against Capital Punishment -- 2. The Purpose of Punishment -- 3. The Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty -- 4. More on the Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty -- 5. Does Deterrence Need Capital Punishment? -- 6. Deterrence, the Death Penalty, and the Data -- 7. The Constitutional Question -- 8. Discrimination and Justice -- 9. Justice and Equality -- 10. Special Cases -- 11. Popular Arguments -- 12. Crimes of Passion -- 13. Death, Rehabilitation, the Bible, and Human Dignity -- 14. The Symbolic Meaning of the Death Penalty -- 15. The Abolitionist Rests -- 16. The Advocate Advocates.
    Abstract: From 1965 until 1980, there was a virtual moratorium on executions for capital offenses in the United States. This was due primarily to protracted legal proceedings challenging the death penalty on constitutional grounds. After much Sturm und Drang, the Supreme Court of the United States, by a divided vote, finally decided that "the death penalty does not invariably violate the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause of the Eighth Amendment." The Court's decisions, however, do not moot the controversy about the death penalty or render this excellent book irrelevant. The ball is now in the court of the Legislature and the Executive. Leg­ islatures, federal and state, can impose or abolish the death penalty, within the guidelines prescribed by the Supreme Court. A Chief Executive can commute a death sentence. And even the Supreme Court can change its mind, as it has done on many occasions and did, with respect to various aspects of the death penalty itself, durlog the moratorium period. Also, the people can change their minds. Some time ago, a majority, according to reliable polls, favored abolition. Today, a substantial majority favors imposition of the death penalty. The pendulum can swing again, as it has done in the past.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9781475706086
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXI, 245 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics. ; Developmental psychology.
    Abstract: Method -- Production of Narratives -- High Point Analysis -- Results and Discussion High Point Analysis -- Episodic Analysis -- Results and Discussion Episodic Analysis -- Dependency Analysis -- Results and Discussion Dependency Analysis -- Empirical Conclusions -- The Pleasures of Narrative.
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  • 16
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461337362
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 275 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Ettore Majorana International Science Series
    DDC: 530
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 17
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461336976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 348 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Ettore Majorana Institutional Sciences Series
    DDC: 530
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 18
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461337843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 304 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Ettore Majorana International Science Series
    DDC: 530
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9781468444247
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: 1 Health Care Needs and Distributive Justice -- 2 For and Against Equal Access to Health Care -- 3 Jail and Prison Health Care Standards: A Determination of Need Without Reference to Want or Desire -- 4 How Should Values Count in the Allocation of New Technologies in Health Care? -- 5 The Neoconservative Health Strategy: Vouchers and the Rhetoric of Equity -- 6 Operationalizing Respect for Persons: A Qualitative Aspect of the Right to Health Care -- 7 Needs, Wants, Demands, and Interests: Their Interaction in Medical Practice and Health Policy -- 8 Physicians’ Refusals of Patient Demands: An Application of Medical Discernment -- Appendix A.
    Abstract: I Several years ago, when the Carter administration announced that it would support congressional action to end the public fund­ ing of abortions, the President was asked at a press conference whether he thought that such a policy was unfair; he responded, "Life is unfair." His remarks provoked a storm of controversy. For other than those who, for principled reasons, opposed abor­ tion on any grounds, it seemed that the President's comments were cruel, violating what was thought to be an American com­ mitment to providing equal access to health services to all citi­ zens, regardless of their capacity to pay. Those sentiments had, in fact, been reflected in public opinion polls that had, for at least three decades, indicated that Americans supported the propo­ sition that the government should guarantee health care to all. Ultimately, those beliefs had been translated into the oft-ex­ 1 pressed political demand for a one-class system of health care. This commitment to equality is rather remarkable. American society evidences a striking willingness to tolerate vast inequal­ ities with regard to income and wealth. While it guarantees ed­ ucation to all children, there is not even a pretense that the children of the wealthy and the children of the poor ought to get precisely the same kind of schooling. While some commitment 'Hazel Erskine. "The Polls: Health Insurance," Public Opinion Quarterly, XXXIX (Spring, 1975), 128-143.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9781468471205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 291 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Fundamentals and management -- 1. Robot use in manufacturing -- 2. Robot anatomy -- 3. End effectors: hands, grippers, pickups and tools -- 4 Matching robots to the workplace -- 5. Reliability, maintenance and safety -- 6. Organizing to support robotics -- 7. Robot economics -- 8. Sociological impact of robots -- 9. Future capabilities -- II Application studies -- 10. Die casting applications -- 11. Spot welding applications -- 12. Arc welding applications -- 13. Investment casting applications -- 14. Forging applications -- 15. Press work applications -- 16. Spray painting applications -- 17. Plastic molding applications -- 18. Applications in foundry practice -- 19. Machine tool loading applications -- 20. Heat treatment applications -- 21. Applications for deburring metal parts -- 22. Palletizing applications -- 23. Applications in brick manufacture -- 24. Applications in glass manufacture -- Appendix: List of principal robot manufacturers.
    Abstract: THE REAL THING by Isaac Asimov Back in 1939, when I was still a teenager, I began to write (and publish) a series of stories about robots which, for the first time in science fiction, were pictured as having been deliberately engineered to do their job safely. They were not intended to be creaky Gothic menaces, nor outlets for mawkish sentiment. They were simply well-designed machines. Beginning in 1942, I crystallized this notion in what I called 'The Three Laws of Robotics' and, in 1950, nine of my robot stories were collected into a book, I, Robot. I did not at that time seriously believe that I would live to see robots in action and robotics becoming a booming industry .... Yet here we are, better yet, I am alive to see it. But then, why shouldn't they be with us? Robots fulfil an important role in industry. They do simple and repetitive jobs more steadily, more reliably, and more uncomplainingly than a human being could - or should. Does a robot displace a human being? Certainly, but he does so at a job that, simply because a robot can do it, is beneath the dignity of a human being; a job that is no more than mindless drudgery. Better and more human jobs can be found for human beings - and should.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9781461333005
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 615 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Law & Psychology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology.
    Abstract: 1 Scale Needs and Utilization -- 2 Search and Selection of Scales for Review -- 3 Using This Handbook -- 4 Ethical Issues and the Protection of Human Subjects -- 5 MMPI and CPI Special Scales -- 6 Law Enforcement and Police -- Law Enforcement Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Attitude Scales: Listings -- Law Enforcement Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Behavior Ratings: Listings -- Law Enforcement Personality Measures: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Personality Measures: Listings -- Law Enforcement Milieu Ratings: Listings -- Law Enforcement Prediction: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Prediction: Listings -- Law Enforcement Description: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Description: Listings -- 7 Courts and the Law -- Courts and the Law Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Courts and the Law Attitude Scales: Listings -- Courts and the Law Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Courts and the Law Milieu Ratings: Listings -- Courts and the Law Prediction: Listings -- Courts and the Law Description: Reviews -- Courts and the Law Description: Listings -- 8 Corrections -- Corrections Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Corrections Attitude Scales: Listings -- Corrections Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Corrections Behavior Ratings: Listings -- Corrections Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Corrections Personality Assessment: Listings -- Corrections Milieu Ratings: Reviews -- Corrections Milieu Ratings: Listings -- Corrections Prediction: Reviews -- Corrections Prediction: Listings -- Corrections Description: Reviews -- Corrections Description: Listings -- 9 Delinquency -- Delinquency Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Delinquency Attitude Scales: Listings -- Delinquency Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Delinquency Behavior Ratings: Listings -- Delinquency Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Delinquency Personality Assessment: Listings -- Delinquency Milieu Rating: Listings -- Delinquency Prediction: Reviews -- Delinquency Prediction: Listings -- Delinquency Description: Reviews -- Delinquency Description: Listings -- 10 Offenders -- Offenders Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Offenders Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Offenders Behavior Ratings: Listings -- Offenders Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Offenders Personality Assessment: Listings -- Offender Description: Reviews -- Offenders Description: Listings -- 11 Crime and Criminality -- Crime and Criminality Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Attitude Scales: Listings -- Crime and Criminality Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Personality Assessment: Listings -- Crime and Criminality Prediction: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Description: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Description: Listings -- 12 General Scales -- General Attitude Scales: Reviews -- General Attitude Scales: Listings -- General Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- General Personality Assessment: Reviews -- General Personality Assessment: Listings -- General Scales—Description: Reviews -- General Scales—Description: Listings.
    Abstract: In contrast to the great diversity of other crime and delinquency research measures, those drawn from the CPI and the MMPI have much in common. They are taken from standardized instruments administered under controlled conditions, with known stimulus properties and validity indicators. The CPI and MMPI measures will frequently be instruments of choice in research on personality and psychodynamics of offenders. CHAPTER 6 Law Enforcement and Police This chapter encompasses a variety of scales that refer to law enforcement or police agencies. Unfortunately, in the case of many scales, these terms are used simply with the assumption that the respondents understand the concepts and use them in the same way as researchers. In other cases, however, specific policing functions are identified and described. As noted in Chapter 3, a standard order of scale presentation is followed. First the attitudes scales are presented, followed by the behavior ratings, per­ sonality measures, milieu ratings, prediction measures and finally the very broad category of description. After the reviews are completed within each subcategory, other scales in that category are listed. (See Chapter 2 for a description of the criteria that were used in deciding upon whether a scale would be reviewed or simply listed. ) Listed scales are presented by title and bibliographic reference, followed by a very brief description.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9781468442298
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 297 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, Accepted by Colleges and Universities of the United States and Canada 25
    Series Statement: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Aerospace Engineering -- 2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communications Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
    Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis­ seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac­ tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing. house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 25 (thesis year 1980) a total of 10,308 theses titles from 27 Canadian and 214 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 25 reports theses submitted in 1980, on occasion, certain universities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461593027
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 496 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Topics in Language and Linguistics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Literacy. ; Anthropological linguistics. ; Language and languages—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: Linguistics and Writing -- The Literate Writes and the NonLiterate Chants: Written Language and Ritual Communication in Sociolinguistic Perspective -- The Myth of Orality and Literacy -- Soviet Psycholinguistics: Implications for Teaching of Writing -- Universal Grammar and Composition: Relativization, Complementation, and Quantification -- Relationships: What Did I Write? What Did I Draw? -- The Pragmatic Structure of Rhetorical Maturity in the Sciences -- The Function of a Grammatical Alternation in 14 Surgical Reports -- Computers and Literacy -- Computerized Aids to Writing -- Computer-Ease: A Twentieth-Century Literacy Emergent -- A Computer-Aided Study of Confusion in Latin Morphology -- Linguistics and Reading -- Spelling, Reading, Language Variation -- Linguistics and/or Reading or Is Applied Linguistics a Caveat Emptor Technology? -- The Development of Verbal Reasoning: Pragmatic, Schematic and Operational Aspects -- Teaching Reading in the Inner City -- Early Reading Experiences: Some Linguistic Perspectives on Parent/Child Interaction in Book Sharing Situations -- A Propositional Analysis of Spanish Language Texts -- Second-Language Literacy -- Strategic Interaction from Texts: Converting Written Discourse into Spoken Conversation -- Word Frequency and Contextual Richness in ESL Word Identification -- Some Reflections on Error Analysis in the Speech of Near-Bilinguals whose Mother Tongue is Italian -- Non-Native Speakers of English and their Composition Abilities: A Review and Analysis -- French Verb Forms Simplified -- Discourse Content Structures in Beginning Spanish Learners.
    Abstract: William Frawley University of Delaware Several years ago, I performed a kind of perverse experiment. I showed, to several linguistic colleagues, the following comment made by Walker Percy (in The Message in the Bottle): language is too important a problem to be left only to linguists. The linguists' responses were peculiarly predictable: "What does Percy know? He's a mercenary outsider, a novelist, a psychiatrist! How can he say something like that?" Now, it should be known that the linguists who said such things in response were ardent followers of the linguistic vogue: to cross disciplines at whim for the sake of explanation---any explanation. It was odd, to say the least: Percy was damned by the very people who agreed with him! Fortunately, the papers in this book, though radically interdisciplinary, do not fall prey to the kind of hypocrisy described above. The papers (from the Third Delaware Symposium on Language Studies) address the question of literacy---a linguistic problem too important to be left only to linguists--but many of the authors are not linguists at all, and those who are linguists have taken the care to see beyond the parochialism of a single discipline. The subsequent papers have been written by psychologists, linguists, anthropologists, computer scientists, and language teachers to explain the problem of how humans develop, comprehend, and produce extended pieces of informa­ tion (discourses and texts).
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781475767551
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 327 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Structure of the Limbic System -- 2. The Hypothalamus -- 3. The Amygdala -- 4. The Septal Area -- 5. The Hippocampus -- 6. The Graven Image, Lethe, and the Guru -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: 107 with treatments that affect the arousal of the animals is also implied on the basis of the behavioral changes induced in the lesioned animals by amphetamine administration and by changes in the motivational circumstances under which the animals are tested. Studies of the effects of cingulate lesions in the rat have involved the production of midline cortical damage. Unfortunately, as reported in the previous chapter, the midline cortex of the rat is not comparable to the midline cortex of other animals as defined on the basis of the fibers it receives from the thalamus. In addition, lesions of the midline cortex, whether in the rat or in other species, are likely to interfere with fibers of the neural systems in or near it. These include the cingulum bundle and the supracallosal fibers of the fornix. Norepi­ nephrine-containing fibers also pass through this region in or near the cingulum bundle. These fibers ascend through the anterior dor­ solateral septal area and turn up and back to pass through the midline regions and innervate the entire medial cortex (Morrison, Molliver, & Grzanna, 1979). Lesions in this area reduce the norepinephrine distribution throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the medial cortex. A similar problem results from destruction to the anterior cortical regions. Lesions in that region could reduce the norepinephrine sup­ plies of the entire dorsolateral cortex.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9781468442359
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (362p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Topics in Language and Linguistics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Sociolinguistics.
    Abstract: Bilingualism and the Vernacular -- The Bilingual’s Linguistic Repertoire -- Cognitive Development in Bilingual Environments -- Immersion Education: Applicability for Nonvernacular Teaching to Vernacular Speakers -- Evaluation and Testing in Vernacular Languages -- Third World Vernacular/Bi-Multilingual Curricula Issues -- Educational Reform and the Instrumentalization of the Vernacular in Haiti -- The Richford Experience: French Bilingual Education as a ‘Basic’ Approach to Language Competence -- The Role of the Vernacular in Transitional Bilingual Education -- Teacher Training for Bilingual Education: An International Perspective -- The Cajun French Debate in Louisiana -- The Status of Languages in Europe -- Education for Separatism: The Belgian Experience -- American Bilingualism: The Need for a National Language Policy -- Issues in Bilingualism: A View to the Future -- References -- Index A: Languages and Language Communities -- Index B: Authors and Subjects.
    Abstract: CHRISTINA BRAIT PAULSTON There is an important difference between merely experimental and genuine experiment. The one may be a feeling for novelty, the other is rationally based on experience seeking a better way. - Frank Lloyd Wright Wright was talking about architecture, but the same difference can be applied to analyzing the relationship between standard and vernacular languages in bilingual education; surely we are also seeking a better way to handle bilingual education based on experience. How rationally based our efforts are, is another question. Works on this and similar topics can at times become the scene for very emotional-and very moving-presentations which sometimes are more utopian than rational. One can perhaps call this a very 'rational' text, because so few of the contributors are members of ethnic subordinate groups. Am I suggesting that minority group members are less rational? Of course not. I am suggesting that it is much easier to be calm, objective and scholarly about the lot of others than about your own. The most salient feature about the bilingual education of vernacular speaking groups is the social and economic exploitation of its members by the dominant group. The papers herein, treating bilingual education from a psychological perspective, agree at least on the issue that an understanding of the social and economic factors underlying bilingual education is crucial for understanding the psychological studies on bilingualism.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461597032
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 An Introduction to Bioenergetics -- 1.1 The Flow of Energy and Materials in Biology -- 1.2 Adenosine 5?-triphosphate (ATP) -- 1.3 Phosphoryl Transfer Reactions -- 1.4 Substrate-Level Phosphorylation -- 1.5 Oxidation — Reduction Reactions -- 1.6 Respiration and Oxidative Phosphorylation -- 2 The Components of the Respiratory Chain -- 2.1 Nicotinamide Nucleotides -- 2.2 Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase -- 2.3 Respiratory Chain Dehydrogenases -- 2.4 Ubiquinone -- 2.5 Cytochromes -- 2.6 The Composition and Reconstitution of the Respiratory Chain -- 2.7 Spectrophotometric Analyses -- 2.8 Bacterial Respiratory Chains -- 2.9 Electron and Hydrogen Transfer -- 3 The Organization and Function of the Coupling Membrane -- 3.1 Mitochondrial Structure and Function -- 3.2 The Organization of the Mitochondrial Energy Conservation System -- 3.3 Mitochondrial Solute Transport -- 3.4 The Morphology and Organization of the Bacterial Coupling Membrane -- 3.5 Bacterial Solute Transport -- 4 Energy Coupling -- 4.1 Energy Coupling Sites -- 4.2 Respiratory Control -- 4.3 Crossover Points -- 4.4 Uncoupling Agents -- 4.5 Phosphorylation Inhibitors -- 4.6 Reversed Electron Transfer -- 4.7 The Energized State -- 5 Mechanisms of Oxidative Phosphorylation -- 5.1 The Chemical Hypothesis -- 5.2 The Chemiosmotic Hypothesis -- 5.3 The Localized Proton Hypothesis -- 5.4 The Conformational Hypothesis -- 5.5 Chemiosmotic, Localized Proton or Conformational Hypothesis? -- Suggestions for Further Reading.
    Abstract: The student of biological science in his final years as an undergraduate and his first years as a graduate is expected to gain some familiarity with current research at the frontiers of his discipline. New research work is published in a perplexing diversity of publications and is inevitably concerned with the minutiae of the subject. The sheer number of research journals and papers also causes confusion and difficulties of assimilation. Review articles usually presuppose a background know­ ledge of the field and are inevitably rather restricted in scope. There is thus a need for short but authoritative introductions to those areas of modern biological research which are either not dealt with in standard introductory textbooks or are not dealt with in sufficient detail to enable the student to go on from them to read scholarly reviews with profit. This series of books is designed to satisfy this need. The authors have been asked to produce a brief outline of their subject assuming that their readers will have read and remembered much of a standard introductory textbook on biology. This outline then sets out to provide by building on this basis, the conceptual framework within which modern research work is progressing and aims to give the reader an indication of the problems, both conceptual and practical, which must be overcome if progress is to be maintained.
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  • 27
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468439953
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 235 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Criminal Justice and Public Safety
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
    Abstract: I: Operations -- 1 · The Global Terrorist Coalition -- 2 · Urban Terrorist Operations -- 3 · Organization and Management Practices of Urban Terrorist Groups -- 4 · Terrorist Manipulation of the Democratic Process -- 5 · Prisons, Courts, and Terrorism -- II: Controls -- 6 · Controlling Political Terrorism in a Free Society -- 7 · Approaches to Antiterrorism -- 8 · Antiterrorism in Western Europe -- 9 · Antiterrorist Intelligence: Limitations and Applications -- 10 · A Framework for the Study and Control of Terrorism -- III: Appendixes -- Appendixes A · A Year of Terror (July 1, 1979–June 30, 1980) -- Irish Repulican Army (I.R.A.) -- Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna (E.T.A.—The Basque Separatist Organization) -- Red Brigades and Prima Linea (Front Line) -- Corsican National Liberation Front (F.N.L.C.) -- Fuerzas Armadas De Liberacion Nacional (F.A.L.N.) -- Omega-7 (An Anti-Castro Group of Cuban Exiles) -- Appendix B · A Chronology of Apprehensions and Convictions of Terrorists Linked to West Germany’s Baader–Meinhof Gang (December 1977 to July 1980) -- Appendix C · Investigating the Assassination of Aldo Moro -- Appendix D · Thoughts and Strategies of Islamic Guerrilla Warfare in the United States -- Appendix E · Manifesto 1980 of the W.E.B. Du Bois Revolutionary Army -- Appendix F · Remarks by Robert A. Fearey -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: Terrorism, continuing unabated in the contemporary world, is having a serious impact on the lives of people and nations. Once, only govern­ ments and ruling classes possessed the power to coerce large segments of the world's peoples. Today, a handful of thugs, covered and concealed by a collection of terrorist organizations, are disturbing people every­ where by perpetrating dramatic criminal acts-bombings, kidnappings, assassinations, etc.-on an almost daily basis, in places specifically cho­ sen for their vulnerability: a railroad train, a pub, a beachfront apartment, a bus, a restaurant. Furthermore, a few of the world's most notorious terrorist groups are associated in a loose coalition, which has left around the earth a trail of violent crimes against humanity of the most heinous type. Among these outrages are random murder, including the killing of innocents, and barricade and hostage situations involving the elderly and young children. Many of the victims of these terrorists are randomly selected for the sole purpose of obtaining maximum shock action calculated to attract widespread exposure via the communications media. A dramatic example is the assassination of Lord Louis Mountbatten, one of the most distinguished soldier-statesmen of the century, by terrorists of the Pro­ visional Wing of the Irish Republican Army (LR.A.).
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  • 28
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461333036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 450 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: 1 A Crisis in Moral Philosophy: Why Is the Search for the Foundations of Ethics So Frustrating? -- Ethics, Foundations, and Science: Response to Alasdair MacIntyre -- 2 Moral Autonomy -- 3 The Concept of Responsibility: An Inquiry into the Foundations of an Ethics for Our Age -- 4 From System to Story: An Alternative Pattern for Rationality in Ethics -- 5 Can Medicine Dispense with a Theological Perspective on Human Nature? -- Kant’s Moral Theology or a Religious Ethics? -- A Rejoinder to a Rejoinder -- 6 Theology and Ethics: An Interpretation of the Agenda -- Response to James M. Gustafson -- Rejoinder to Hans Jonas -- 7 The Moral Psychology of Science -- 8 The Poverty of Scientism and the Promise of Structuralist Ethics -- 9 Natural Selection and Societal Laws -- 10 Evolution, Social Behavior, and Ethics -- 11 Attitudes toward Eugenics in Germany and Soviet Russia in the 1920’s: An Examination of Science and Values -- 12 Are Science and Ethics Compatible? -- 13 How Can We Reconnect the Sciences with the Foundations of Ethics? -- The Multiple Connections between Science and Ethics: Response to Stephen Toulmin.
    Abstract: OUR AGE IS CHARACTERIZED by an uncertainty about the na­ ture of moral obligations, about what one can hope for in an afterlife, and about the limits of human knowledge. These uncertainties were captured by Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Pure Reason, where he noted three basic human questions: what can we know, what ought we to do, and what can we hope for. Those questions and the uncer­ tainties about their answers still in great part define our cultural per­ spective. In particular, we are not clear about the foundations of ethics, or about their relationship to religion and to science. This volume brings together previously published essays that focus on these inter­ relationships and their uncertainties. It offers an attempt to sketch the interrelationship among three major intellectual efforts: determining moral obligations, the ultimate purpose and goals of man and the cosmos, and the nature of empirical reality. Though imperfect, it is an effort to frame the unity of the human condition, which is captured in part by ethics, in part by religion, and in part by the sciences. Put another way, this collection of essays springs from an attempt to see the unity of humans who engage in the diverse roles of valuers, be­ lievers, and knowers, while still remaining single, individual humans.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9781475748253
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 563 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry 4
    DDC: 541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical organic
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  • 30
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781475712384
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 275 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
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  • 31
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468440225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: 1 / Can Ethics Provide Answers? -- 2 / The Concept of Moral Standing -- 3 / Why Should We be Moral? 41 -- 4 / Economic Justice in Hard Times -- 5 / Rights Versus Duties: No Contest -- 6 / Law and the Legislation of Morality -- 7 / Analytic Methods and the Ethics of Policy -- 8 / The American Pluralist Conception of Politics -- 9 / Minimalist Ethics: On the Pacification of Morality.
    Abstract: There is widespread agreement among large segments of western society that we are living in a period of hard times. At first glance such a belief might seem exceedingly odd. After all, persons in western society find themselves living in a time of unprecedented material abundance. Hunger and disease, evils all too familiar to the members of earlier generations, although far from eradicated from modern life, are plainly on the wane. Persons alive today can look forward to healthier, longer, and more comfortable lives than those of their grand­ parents. Nevertheless, the feeling that life today is especially difficult is rampant in government, in the media, in popular books, and in academic circles. Western society is perceived in many quarters as wracked by crises of all sorts-of faith, of power, of authority, of social turmoil, of declining quality in workmanship and products, and of a general intellectual malaise afflicting both those on the Left and the Right. A tone of crisis permeates the language of public life. Editorials in major newspapers are full of dire warnings about the dangers of unbridled egoism, avarice and greed, and the risks and horrors of pollution, overpopulation, the arms race, crime, and indulgent lifestyles.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9781468439236
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 247 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    DDC: 613
    Keywords: Medicine ; Public health
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468440195
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: to the Problems -- 1: Pitfalls in the Pursuit of Knowledge -- 2: Legitimate and Illegitimate Uses of Violence: A Review of Ideas and Evidence -- II: Three Case Studies -- 3: How Not to Study Violence -- III: Implications -- 4: Science and Social Control: Controversies over Research on Violence -- 5: Embattled Research: Psychiatry, Politics, and the Study of Violent Behavior -- 6: Fragile Knowledge and Stubborn Ignorance: Agenda for the Study of Violence -- 7: Ethics and the Control of Research.
    Abstract: This volume is one outcome of a two-year study conducted by the Behavioral Studies Research Group of The Hastings 1 Center. It is divided into three parts to reflect the several facets of the interdisciplinary project from which it stems. In the opening chapter Willard Gaylin and Ruth Macklin, who di­ rected the study, describe its basic conception and structure, which centered around three programs to conduct research into aspects of violence and aggressive behavior, programs aborted in the early 1970s because they were politically and IThis project was supported by the EVIST Program of the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 05577-17072, and by a joint award by the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any opinions, findings, conclu­ sions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the National Endowment for the Humanities. Other published outcomes are the edited transcripts of two of the case-study workshops conducted under this project: "Researching Violence: Science, Politics, and Public Contro­ versy," Special Supplement, The Hastings Center Report 9 (April 1979); and "The XYY Controversy: Researching Violence and Genetics," Special Sup­ plement, The Hastings Center Report 10 (August 1980). Copies of these tran­ scripts are available for purchase from The Hastings Center, 360 Broadway, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706. ix PREFACE x socially controversial.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9781468437850
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 616 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry 2
    DDC: 541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical organic
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468410396
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461591559
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Section I: Historical Background of School Desegregation -- 1 A Brief Historical Overview of School Desegregation -- 2 School Desegregation: A Political-Economic Perspective -- 3 The Serendipitous Effects of School Desegregation -- Section II: Problems and Issues Concerning School Desegregation -- 4 From Prohibiting Segregation to Requiring Integration: Developments in the Law of Race and the Schools since Brown -- 5 Nondiscrimination and Beyond: The Search for Principle in Supreme Court Desegregation Decisions -- 6 On the Future of School Desegregation: A New American Dilemma? -- 7 School Desegregation and Ethnicity -- 8 On Democracy and School Integration -- 9 White Flight and the Future of School Desegregation -- 10 School Segregation and Residential Segregation: Prefatory Statement -- Section III: Implementing Desegregation in the School -- 11 Design and Redesign of the Desegregated School: Problems of Status, Power, and Conflict -- 12 Building Effective Multiethnic Schools: Evolving Models and Paradigms -- 13 Making School Desegregation Work.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461331384
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: 1 The Teaching of Ethics in the American Undergraduate Curriculum, 1876–1976 -- I General Issues in the Teaching of Ethics -- 2 Goals in the Teaching of Ethics -- 3 Problems in the Teaching of Ethics: Pluralism and Indoctrination -- 4 What Does Moral Psychology Have to Say to the Teacher of Ethics? -- 5 Evaluation and the Teaching of Ethics -- II The Teaching of Ethics in the Undergraduate and Professional School Curriculum -- 6 The Teaching of Ethics in American Higher Education: an Empirical Synopsis -- 7 The Teaching of Undergraduate Ethics -- 8 The Teaching of Ethics in Undergraduate Nonethics Courses -- 9 Professional Ethics: Setting, Terrain, and Teacher -- III Topics in the Teaching of Ethics -- 10 Paternalism In Medicine, Law, and Public Policy -- 11 Whistleblowing and Professional Responsibilities -- IV Summary Recommendations on the Teaching of Ethics -- 12 Hastings Center Project on the Teaching of Ethics: Summary Recommendations.
    Abstract: A concern for the ethical instruction and formation of students has always been a part of American higher education. Yet that concern has by no means been uniform or free from controversy. The centrality of moral philosophy in the undergraduate curriculum during the mid-19th Century gave way later during that era to the first signs of increasing specialization of the disciplines. By the middle of the 20th Century, instruction in ethics had, by and large, become confined almost exclusively to departments of philosophy and religion. Efforts to introduce ethics teaching in the professional schools and elsewhere in the university often met with indifference or outright hostility. The past decade has seen a remarkable resurgence of the interest in the teaching of ethics, at both the undergraduate and the professional school levels. Beginning in 1977, The Hastings Center, with the support of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and the Carnegie Corporation of New York, undertook a system­ atic study of the state of the teaching of ethics in American higher education.
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