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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3,611)
  • Leiden : Brill
  • Development  (1,953)
  • Amtsdruckschrift  (905)
  • Employment  (890)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report : inclusive framework on BEPS: action 14 (2021-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Konfliktregelung ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    URL: kostenfrei
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc : De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264532243 , 9789264582149 , 9789264910720
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Rapport De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre : assurer l’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc analyse les politiques publiques marocaines en faveur de l’autonomisation économique des femmes dans le cadre de la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur l’égalité femmes-hommes dans l’éducation, l’emploi et l’entrepreneuriat à laquelle le pays a adhéré en 2018. Il fournit un cadre stratégique global visant à déverrouiller le potentiel économique des femmes, afin qu’elles puissent pleinement contribuer au développement durable du Maroc et bénéficier de ses retombées économiques et sociales. Ce cadre stratégique global - développé dans le cadre de la seconde phase du programme pays Maroc de l’OCDE - vise à soutenir la mise en œuvre du troisième Plan Gouvernemental pour l’Égalité (PGE III). Il préconise une approche multi-cibles et multi-sectorielle, mettant l'accent sur des politiques de soin transformatrices pour créer des emplois décents, alléger les tâches domestiques et de soin, et remettre en cause les stéréotypes de genre, soulignant l'importance de l'évolution des normes socio-culturelles pour favoriser l'intégration des femmes sur le marché du travail.
    DOI: 10.1787/d4312bd3-fr
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Europe : Insights from France, Germany and Poland (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264478763 , 9789264872738 , 9789264489943
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Datensicherheit ; Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; IT-Kriminalität ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Polen ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; France ; Germany ; Poland
    Abstract: In an increasingly digital world, the significance of cyber security for individuals, businesses, and governments has never been greater. Rising cyber attacks are challenging current defence and operational capabilities, highlighting a critical shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the demand for cyber security expertise by analysing online job postings in France, Germany and Poland in between 2018 and 2023. It examines trends in the demand for cyber security professionals, the geographical distribution of job opportunities, and the changing skill requirements in this field. Focusing on France, the report also explores cyber security education and training programmes, the characteristics of the programmes, the demographics of enrolled learners, and their outcomes. Additionally, it reviews French policies and initiatives aimed at broadening the cyber security workforce and enhancing educational opportunities in this field. This comprehensive analysis is part of a larger effort to understand the evolving landscape of cyber security policies and professional experiences worldwide.
    DOI: 10.1787/3673cd60-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Collective action for responsible AI in health (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.10
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesundheitswesen ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence will have profound impacts across health systems, transforming health care, public health, and research. Responsible AI can accelerate efforts toward health systems being more resilient, sustainable, equitable, and person-centred. This paper provides an overview of the background and current state of artificial intelligence in health, perspectives on opportunities, risks, and barriers to success. The paper proposes several areas to be explored for policy makers to advance the future of responsible AI in health that is adaptable to change, respects individuals, champions equity, and achieves better health outcomes for all. The areas to be explored relate to trust, capacity building, evaluation, and collaboration. This recognises that the primary forces that are needed to unlock the value from artificial intelligence are people-based and not technical. The OECD is ready to support efforts for co-operative learning and collective action to advance the use of responsible AI in health.
    DOI: 10.1787/f2050177-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examen des politiques de transformation économique : Gros plan sur l'internationalisation de la Guadeloupe (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264333956 , 9789264434745 , 9789264756182
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les voies de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Production Transformation Policy Review: Spotlight on Guadeloupe's Internationalisation
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Development ; France
    Abstract: Située dans la mer des Caraïbes, la Guadeloupe est un département français d'outre-mer et une région européenne ultrapériphérique. Dans la série des examens des politiques de transformation économique, ce rapport examine les opportunités et les défis de cette région qui cherche une voie de développement économique plus durable. Il identifie des actions prioritaires dans plusieurs domaines, notamment la bioéconomie et l'économie circulaire, les secteurs créatifs et les énergies renouvelables. Ce Gros plan enrichit notre compréhension de la diversité des voies de développement, y compris celles des petits États insulaires en développement (PEID). Il est le fruit d'un vaste processus d'examen par les pairs auquel ont participé des acteurs publics et privés de Colombie, des pays des Caraïbes et d'autres régions ultrapériphériques de l'UE.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ba34e4a-fr
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Breaking the Vicious Circles of Informal Employment and Low-Paying Work (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264700079 , 9789264352063 , 9789264592322
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Informelle Wirtschaft ; Niedriglohn ; Schwarzarbeit ; Qualifikation ; Soziale Mobilität ; Education ; Economics ; Development
    Abstract: This report adds two perspectives on informality. First, it disassembles the mechanics of the deleterious links between informal employment, low-paying work and low skills. It shows that informal employment is highly persistent, and that the vulnerability of informal workers is passed on to their children in the absence of adequate education, skills and social protection policy. Second, the report underscores the double burden of informality and low-paying work that a large share of workers in developing and emerging economies carry, and as such calls for policy solutions that go beyond the formalisation agenda and embrace the goal of social justice.
    DOI: 10.1787/f95c5a74-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Production Transformation Policy Review of Egypt : Spotlight on the AfCFTA and Industrialisation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264890510 , 9789264539907 , 9789264408913
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Industrialisierung ; Industriepolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Ägypten ; AfCFTA-Staaten ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Development ; Egypt
    Abstract: At a time when global trade is under pressure and countries increasingly turn to regional integration to support their development, this Spotlight is a timely read for policy makers and business leaders in Africa and beyond. It shows how harnessing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) can support industrialisation in Egypt, and more widely in Africa, by tapping the full potential of regional supply chains, including renewable energies, pharmaceuticals, logistics and creative industries. This report builds on and enriches the Production Transformation Policy Review of Egypt: Embracing Change, Achieving Prosperity.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ac95e0c-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation Systems in Development Co-operation 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264814554 , 9789264948938 , 9789264819894
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Bewertung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Development
    Abstract: Drawing on the experiences of the members and observer organisations of the Development Assistance Committee Network on Development Evaluation (EVALNET), this study provides a snapshot of the core elements and ways of working within development evaluation systems. It offers insight to development co-operation organisations as they seek to establish or strengthen credible evaluation systems of their own, to support learning and accountability. The report also explores the role of evaluation in development co-operation and humanitarian assistance, including the various policy and institutional arrangements used with evaluation systems. It then reviews the evaluation process, from deciding on evaluations to disseminating findings and finally, focuses on how evaluation findings are used to improve development co-operation efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/a255365e-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Not lost in translation : The implications of machine translation technologies for language professionals and for broader society (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.291
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; New Zealand ; Singapore ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper discusses the implications of recent advances in artificial intelligence for knowledge workers, focusing on possible complementarities and substitution between machine translation tools and language professionals. The emergence of machine translation tools could enhance social welfare through enhanced opportunities for inter-language communication but also create new threats because of persisting low levels of accuracy and quality in the translation output. The paper uses data on online job vacancies to map the evolution of the demand for language professionals between 2015 and 2019 in 10 countries and illustrates the set of skills that are considered important by employers seeking to hire language professionals through job vacancies posted on line.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1d1d170-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Micro-credentials for lifelong learning and employability : Uses and possibilities (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.66
    Keywords: Bildungsabschluss ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Micro-credentials are increasingly prominent in discussions around education, training and labour market policy. Policymakers, educators and trainers across the world envision micro-credentials to be an innovation with a multitude of potential uses and benefits – a sort of all-purpose solution for the problems confronting education, training and labour market systems – and some have begun to integrate them into existing practice and policy frameworks. However, evidence on the value and impact of micro-credentials remains scarce, limiting commitment on the part of stakeholders. This paper examines what is known about both the potential and limitations of micro-credentials with respect to enhancing learners’ labour market participation and outcomes, widening pathways from upper secondary to higher education, improving completion of higher education, and promoting social inclusion among disadvantaged learners.
    DOI: 10.1787/9c4b7b68-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Six questions about the demand for artificial intelligence skills in labour markets (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.286
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This study responds to six key questions about the impact that the demand for Artificial Intelligence (AI) skills is having on labour markets. What are the occupations where AI skills are most relevant? How do different AI-relevant skills combine in job requirements? How quickly is the demand for AI-related skills diffusing across labour markets and what is the relationship between AI skill demands and the demand for cognitive skills across jobs? Finally, are AI skills leading to a wage premium and how different are the wage returns associated with AI and routine skills? To shed light on these aspects, this study leverages Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms to analyse the information contained in millions of job postings collected from the internet.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac1bebf0-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Retaining Talent at All Ages (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264335257 , 9789264734159 , 9789264355200
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Keywords: Lebenslanges Lernen ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Weiterbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: The deep and rapid changes in the world of work driven by the digital and green transformations as well as population ageing have been associated with greater job instability, with potential costs for companies, workers and society. The unprecedented labour and skill shortages that emerged during the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic have raised further the importance of developing and retaining talent. In the context of a more age-diverse workforce, addressing this challenge will require better working conditions, greater investments in training and tackling difficulties in reconciling work with health issues and caring responsibilities. This report presents evidence on recent trends in job tenure and employee turnover, how they have changed due to the COVID-19 shock and sheds light on why employees quit their jobs. It identifies key employer and public policies that can support increased employment retention through better job quality, health at the workplace, and training and skills.
    DOI: 10.1787/00dbdd06-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informe de PARIS21 sobre el Apoyo de los Socios a las Estadísticas 2022 : Un Llamado de Alerta para Financiar Datos Mejores (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264700451 , 9789264580589 , 9789264336940
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The PARIS21 Partner Report on Support to Statistics 2022: A Wake-Up Call to Finance Better Data
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rapport de PARIS21 sur le soutien des partenaires à la statistique 2022 : L’urgent financement de meilleures données pour le développement
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: A pesar de que ya casi hemos alcanzado el punto intermedio de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, existe una carencia de datos considerable que amenaza con dejar atrás a la población más pobre y vulnerable. El Informe de PARIS21 sobre el Apoyo de los Socios a las Estadísticas alerta sobre aquellos déficits de financiación de datos y estadísticas que aumentaron en 2020, y señala que la pandemia de COVID-19 es solo una de las causas que propiciaron este aumento. Visto el empeoramiento del desarrollo mundial, así como el creciente número de amenazas mundiales complejas, es preciso que los líderes reiteren su promesa de apoyar la elaboración de datos y estadísticas, pues son esenciales para poder formular políticas eficaces y con gran capacidad de impacto. El Informe de PARIS21 sobre el Apoyo de los Socios a las Estadísticas es el informe insignia del Consorcio y constituye el análisis anual más completo de los flujos financieros de los donantes para datos y estadísticas. Esta edición de 2022 pone de manifiesto, por primera vez, las repercusiones que la crisis de COVID-19 ha causado en la financiación destinada a las estadísticas; asimismo, defiende que es preciso volver a poner el foco de atención en los datos y las estadísticas, para ser capaces de superar las crisis que depara el futuro.
    DOI: 10.1787/10575a0a-es
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The supply, demand and characteristics of the AI workforce across OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.287
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report provides representative, cross-country estimates of the artificial intelligence (AI) workforce across OECD countries. The AI workforce is defined as the subset of workers with skills in statistics, computer science and machine learning who could actively develop and maintain AI systems. For countries that wish to be at the forefront of AI development, understanding the AI workforce is crucial to building and nurturing a talent pipeline, and ensuring that those who create AI reflect the diversity of society. This report uses data from online job vacancies to measure the within-occupation intensity of AI skill demand. The within-occupation AI intensity is then weighted to employment by occupation in labour force surveys to provide estimates of the size and growth of the AI workforce over time.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb17314a-en
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  • 15
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    Funding Civil Society in Partner Countries : Toolkit for Implementing the DAC Recommendation on Enabling Civil Society in Development Co-operation and Humanitarian Assistance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Zivilgesellschaft ; Nichtregierungsorganisation ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Development
    Abstract: This toolkit offers practical guidance to adherents to the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Recommendation on Enabling Civil Society in Development Co-operation and Humanitarian Assistance. It helps them implement the Recommendation’s provisions pertaining to strengthening local ownership and partner-country civil society as independent development and humanitarian actors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9ea40a9c-en
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  • 16
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    Informality and Globalisation : In Search of a New Social Contract (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264801349 , 9789264927278 , 9789264982642
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Informelle Wirtschaft ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; Sozialvertrag ; Globaler Süden ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Globalisation and rapid technological change have radically transformed labour markets, affecting the lives and prospects of billions of workers. Those in the informal economy, the vast bulk of the workforce in the Global South, have been bearing the brunt. This report is for policy makers seeking to address the factors that make those workers in informality vulnerable. It provides them with a distinctive cross-country comparison of recent informality trends, and how they were affected by the recent crises such as the COVID-19 epidemic, casting light on the impacts of sub-contracting models in global value chains, and digital labour platforms. It argues that an inclusive recovery and greater resilience to future crises necessitate that many countries renew their social contracts, to make them more inclusive of informal workers and their families.
    DOI: 10.1787/c945c24f-en
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  • 17
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Nouvelle-Zélande 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264624443 , 9789264909892 , 9789264681828
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co‑operation Peer Reviews: New Zealand 2023
    Keywords: Development ; New Zealand
    Abstract: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE mène tous les cinq à six ans un examen par les pairs qui passe en revue les efforts de coopération pour le développement de chacun de ses membres. Ces examens visent à améliorer la qualité et l’efficacité de leur coopération pour le développement, en mettant en évidence les bonnes pratiques et en recommandant des améliorations. La Nouvelle-Zélande est un partenaire apprécié dans le Pacifique, principale région bénéficiaire de son aide publique au développement (APD). Sous la responsabilité du ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Commerce, l’attachement à l’appropriation nationale et régionale, les efforts déployés pour intégrer le savoir et les valeurs autochtones, ainsi que les engagements pris pour accroître les financements climatiques témoignent de l’engagement de la Nouvelle-Zélande et de la pertinence de son action. Cet examen par les pairs recommande à la Nouvelle-Zélande de tirer le meilleur parti de l’intégration plus étroite de la politique étrangère et de la politique de développement dans le Pacifique, de renforcer les ressources humaines, de créer les conditions nécessaires à une prise de décision efficace et efficiente, d’améliorer la transparence, de favoriser une meilleure compréhension de la problématique du développement au sein de la population, de promouvoir les liens entre les investissements liés au climat et d’autres priorités, et d’établir un plan pour accroître l’APD, de manière à concrétiser ses objectifs stratégiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/7f5c91cc-fr
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  • 18
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Islande 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264397316 , 9789264343580 , 9789264577442
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Iceland 2023
    Keywords: Development ; Iceland
    Abstract: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE mène tous les cinq à six ans un examen par les pairs qui passe en revue les efforts de coopération pour le développement de chacun de ses membres. Ces examens visent à améliorer la qualité et l’efficacité de leur coopération pour le développement, en mettant en évidence les bonnes pratiques et en recommandant des améliorations. L’Islande adopte, vis-à-vis de ses trois pays partenaires, une approche de long terme pilotée par les partenaires et axée sur la pauvreté, et s’appuie sur ses partenaires multilatéraux pour compléter son portefeuille bilatéral. Elle parvient à faire progresser l’égalité des genres, et de nouveaux accords-cadres conclus avec la société civile ont consolidé ses partenariats. Cet examen par les pairs formule plusieurs recommandations pour aider l’Islande à concentrer sa politique de développement 2024-28 et sa stratégie environnementale et climatique à venir sur un nombre limité de domaines ; tirer parti des hausses récentes de ses volumes d’APD pour élaborer une feuille de route concrète en vue d’atteindre un ratio APD/RNB de 0.7 % ; et adopter une planification stratégique des effectifs pour remédier aux problèmes de ressources humaines. Le Centre GRÓ devrait donner la priorité, dans ses formations, au renforcement des capacités des institutions partenaires et le ministère des Affaires étrangères s’attacher à garantir l’additionnalité et la durabilité lorsqu’il collabore avec le secteur privé.
    DOI: 10.1787/7fe25e56-fr
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  • 19
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    Living wages in context : A comparative analysis for OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.13
    Keywords: Mindestlohn ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: At a time of rising cost of living, wide wage inequalities and widespread in-work poverty, the demand for a living wage has heightened. The concept of a “living wage” has some limitations, including that it is operationalised in a variety of ways. This variety may serve the purpose of making it a more relevant instrument, typically by providing information on the cost of living that firms and social partners may embed in their wage-setting processes; however, the variety can also increase a lack of transparency. The paper reviews some of the most common methodologies, by identifying points of convergence and divergence. Living wage estimates produced by the Fair Wage Network are then put into context by benchmarking them against internationally comparable wage metrics and poverty lines. Finally, the paper presents a number of critical steps to strengthen the concept of a living wage. This paper does not assess the economic cost or feasibility of living wages, not at the firm level or at the broader industry and economy level. This paper advises using the living wage as one of the pieces of information that – when properly contextualised – could inform wage negotiations and wage policies set in consultation with social partners.
    DOI: 10.1787/2e622174-en
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  • 20
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    Decarbonisation and intergovernmental fiscal relations : Policy challenges and reform options (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.43
    Keywords: Environment ; Taxation ; Development
    Abstract: This paper explores the nexus between decarbonisation and intergovernmental fiscal relations, focusing on related challenges and reform options. It highlights the significant role of subnational governments in tackling climate change. Subnational and national governments share responsibilities in areas such as taxation, spending and regulation pertaining to environmental protection, as well as climate change mitigation and adaptation, which calls for effective intergovernmental co-operation to align policy objectives and implementation strategies. The paper outlines decarbonisation requirements across sectors and discusses subnational government involvement in service delivery, investment, revenue generation and regulatory frameworks. Policy options to strengthen subnational contributions to national decarbonisation goals are presented. While focusing primarily on OECD countries, the paper acknowledges the need for improved information on subnational decarbonisation efforts in both advanced and developing countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/c434c385-en
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  • 21
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    Valuing business impacts in the areas of wage inequality and employee well-being (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.15
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This working paper proposes a methodology to monetise five aspects of employee well-being (wage inequality, being employed, excess working hours, relationships with management and job security) using theoretical and empirical frameworks drawn from welfare economics. Preliminary results highlight a large loss of welfare arising from within-firm wage inequality as well as a strong impact of working conditions on workers’ well-being. On the aggregate, suppressing the negative externalities of the firm linked to excess working hours, tensions with management and job insecurity would yield an increase in social welfare equivalent to a 25% increase in household income, representing many years of economic growth. Greater transparency on company wage distributions and working conditions is necessary to apply these methodologies to real firms.
    DOI: 10.1787/740deb2f-en
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  • 22
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    What are the integration challenges of Ukrainian refugee women? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quels sont les problèmes d’intégration que rencontrent les femmes réfugiées ukrainiennes ?
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Frauen ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Soziale Integration ; Ukraine ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ukraine
    Abstract: From the onset of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, most refugee arrivals have been women and children, creating unique challenges for integration. The share of women among adult refugees is around 70% in most host countries and many have arrived with children, with the share of minors around 30%. Most OECD countries are supporting the socio-economic integration of Ukrainian refugee women through their pre-existing mainstream integration systems. Refugee integration policies have been, however, often created with different gender and educational profiles in mind, which may weaken outcomes in the longer term. There are some promising targeted measures available in OECD countries to support the socio-economic integration of Ukrainian refugee women. These include counselling, networking opportunities, training, and work placements, but also general community-building activities aimed at women.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb17dc64-en
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  • 23
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    Development co-operation and the provision of global public goods (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.111
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Öffentliche Güter ; Welt ; Development
    Abstract: This paper looks at the implications for development co-operation of increased spending on global public goods and “bads”. It explores shifts in the narratives and financing priorities of development co-operation providers over recent decades and puts forward key considerations for them on their future role.
    DOI: 10.1787/aff8cba9-en
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  • 24
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    Reporting Gender Pay Gaps in OECD Countries : Guidance for Pay Transparency Implementation, Monitoring and Reform (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264658837 , 9789264801479 , 9789264989030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Gender Equality at Work
    Keywords: Lohnstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Pay transparency policies are gaining momentum throughout the OECD. Over half of OECD countries require private sector firms to report their gender pay gap statistics regularly to stakeholders like employees, employee representatives, the government, and/or the public. Gender pay gap reporting, equal pay audits and other pay transparency policies help advance gender equality at the workplace, as these measures present up-to-date information on a firm’s gender pay gap, encourage employers to offer equal pay for work of equal value, and give individual workers and their representatives valuable insights to fight for pay equity. This report presents the most thorough stocktaking to date of gender pay gap reporting policies and evaluations across OECD countries, and offers guidance to countries interested in introducing, reforming and monitoring their pay transparency systems to promote equal pay for women and men.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea13aa68-en
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  • 25
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    Artificial Intelligence in Science : Challenges, Opportunities and the Future of Research (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264446212 , 9789264332287 , 9789264928206
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from climate change to new contagions. This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current, emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific productivity. Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into research in developing countries. A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8d820bd-en
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    Emploi et gestion publics 2023 : Vers une fonction publique plus flexible (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264511248 , 9789264727977 , 9789264958760
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Public Employment and Management 2023: Towards a More Flexible Public Service
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance
    Abstract: Ce rapport est la deuxième édition d'une publication régulière sur les questions d'emploi et de gestion publics. Cette édition analyse en profondeur la thématique de la flexibilité des effectifs de la fonction publique, sous les angles de la mobilité des agents publics, de leur formation et de leur perfectionnement, et de leurs modalités de travail flexibles. Elle présente des données et une analyse comparatives ainsi que des études de cas nationaux pour aider les pouvoirs publics à imaginer et intégrer une plus grande flexibilité. Ce rapport contient également une synthèse de l’examen de l'OCDE sur le leadership et des aptitudes de la fonction publique de la fonction publique fédérale brésilienne. L’ensemble des éclairages apportés par la présente édition peuvent contribuer au cadrage et à la définition de pratiques de travail flexibles propices à une fonction publique performante.
    DOI: 10.1787/d90a3d11-fr
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    Benefit Reforms for Inclusive Societies in Korea : Income Security During Joblessness (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264920347 , 9789264857650 , 9789264868526
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitslosenversicherung ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Protecting people, rather than specific jobs, plays a key role in promoting labour-market inclusiveness and dynamism. Effective unemployment benefits reduce inequality, and raise productivity by facilitating a good match between workers’ skills and job requirements. They are a crucial policy lever for adapting to the major societal, technological and environmental transitions of our time. This report is the first of a number of OECD country reviews of income support policies. Each report analyses key policy challenges, discusses recent reform initiatives, and identifies good practices from other OECD countries. This report on Korea focuses on avenues for strengthening benefit coverage, income security and re-employment in the context of a “dual” labour market with large parts of the workforce in short-duration, non-standard or informal employment. It welcomes Korea’s recent reforms towards more accessible jobseeker support, and points to priorities for additional policy action to make income and employment support more effective and inclusive.
    DOI: 10.1787/96b7fd64-en
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    Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results-based Management for Sustainable Development (Second Edition) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264384033
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This Glossary defines concepts and terms commonly used in evaluation and results-based management. It provides a shared understanding to support the design, management, monitoring and evaluation of interventions for sustainable development. As a reference document, it is helpful for those commissioning, managing, or conducting evaluations, as well as people involved in strategy or programme development, management and implementation. While originally developed for international development co-operation, the Glossary can be applied in any field of public policy and is also useful for civil society, academia, and other non-state actors. This second edition includes updated content, including new definitions for the widely used evaluation criteria – relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability – endorsed by the OECD Development Assistance Committee in 2019. It also provides minor updates to the original text to reflect current good practice. As concepts and language are constantly evolving, the document will be revisited and updated in due course. This publication also includes a Spanish translation "Glosario de términos clave en evaluación y gestión basada en resultados para el desarrollo durable (Segunda edición)".
    DOI: 10.1787/632da462-en-fr-es
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    Innovative agro-food industries in the EU Outermost Regions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.49
    Keywords: Economics ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of agro-food value chains in the EU Outermost Regions (EU ORs). It assesses emerging trends, discusses opportunities and challenges, reviews the policy frameworks and tools that can strengthen the beneficial participation of EU ORs in international agro-food value chains, and proposes priority actions. The paper is developed within the framework of the EU-OECD project on Global Outermost Regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/0d615c8d-en
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    Making renewable energies drivers of competitiveness in the EU Outermost Regions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.52
    Keywords: Development ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides a snapshot of the development of renewable energies in the European Union Outermost Regions (EU ORs), focusing on their potential to contribute to the green transition while creating sustainable economic development opportunities. It reviews the policy frameworks and tools in place in EU ORs with respect to renewable energies, and provides specific policy recommendations. The paper is developed within the framework of the EU-OECD project on Global Outermost Regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/6169e85d-en
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    Initial policy considerations for generative artificial intelligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.1
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) creates new content in response to prompts, offering transformative potential across multiple sectors such as education, entertainment, healthcare and scientific research. However, these technologies also pose critical societal and policy challenges that policy makers must confront: potential shifts in labour markets, copyright uncertainties, and risk associated with the perpetuation of societal biases and the potential for misuse in the creation of disinformation and manipulated content. Consequences could extend to the spreading of mis- and disinformation, perpetuation of discrimination, distortion of public discourse and markets, and the incitement of violence. Governments recognise the transformative impact of generative AI and are actively working to address these challenges. This paper aims to inform these policy considerations and support decision makers in addressing them.
    DOI: 10.1787/fae2d1e6-en
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    Global Perspectives on Triangular Co-operation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264419957 , 9789264741379 , 9789264650299
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Islamic Development Bank ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Islamische Staaten ; Development
    Abstract: The world is marked by multiple crises and challenges that transcend borders and require not only local but global solutions. Only by working together and bridging divides and differences can countries address these challenges and drive a sustainable development future for all. This report by the OECD and the Islamic Development Bank demonstrates triangular co-operation's relevance for delivering progress on sustainable development. In particular, it stresses its innovative approach to diplomacy, and its ability to bring together different stakeholders from across the global south and north in trusting partnerships that leverage the expertise, knowledge and resources of all partners. The report also examines the current global trends in the use of triangular co-operation, explores how to strengthen national ecosystems to support its effective delivery, and highlights how triangular co-operation can contribute to addressing climate change and biodiversity loss, with a specific focus on small island developing states.
    DOI: 10.1787/29e2cbc0-en
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    International Tax and Africa : OECD Report for the G7 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La fiscalité internationale et l'Afrique : Rapport de l'OCDE à l'intention des ministres des Finances et des gouverneurs de banque centrale du G7
    Keywords: Internationale Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Steuerpolitik ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Afrika ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Development
    Abstract: This report reflects on the OECD's co-operation with Africa on tax matters and the importance of the international tax agenda for African economies. It discusses Domestic Resource Mobilisation (DRM) efforts within African policy objectives and priorities, including the African Union's Agenda 2063, and which actions should be taken to further increase DRM in Africa. The report analyses African involvement in discussions on corporate tax and how African participation in policy-setting and technical discussions could be further improved. In particular, it shows how African voices have shaped the design of the Two-Pillar Solution to Address the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy, and discusses its benefits for African countries and challenges for implementation. In addition, the report provides an overview of OECD's initiatives to support capacity building on tax in Africa, many of which are undertaken in partnership with other international and regional organisations. Finally, the report reflects on the broader tax policy agenda including VAT, tax transparency, tax and crime, digitalisation of tax administrations, and tax and informality. This report was prepared by the OECD to inform the discussions at the October 2023 Africa Roundtable in Marrakech hosted by G7 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors.
    DOI: 10.1787/6f19e5ed-en
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    Transitions to and from formal employment and income dynamics : Evidence from developing economies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.349
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Development ; Indonesia ; Malawi ; Peru ; South Africa
    Abstract: Using panel data for Indonesia, Malawi, Peru and South Africa, this paper investigates the relationship between transitions to formal employment and workers' labour income. It shows that transiting from informal to formal employment increases the probability of improving workers' labour income in both absolute and relative terms. However, income gains from formalisation do not accrue to all workers equally. Switching to formal employment has the greatest potential to improve the labour income of the richest workers. The chances of improving the labour income of the poorest workers through formalisation are slim. Transitions between formal and informal employment affect income gains and losses differently for men and women, older and younger workers, and workers with different levels of schooling. The effects of labour market transitions on income changes are considerably greater in magnitude than other life events such as a births, separation, or death of a partner or spouse.
    DOI: 10.1787/bc186b3b-en
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    Emerging trends in AI skill demand across 14 OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.2
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report analyses the demand for positions that require skills needed to develop or work with AI systems across 14 OECD countries between 2019 and 2022. It finds that, despite rapid growth in the demand for AI skills, AI-related online vacancies comprised less than 1% of all job postings and were predominantly found in sectors such as ICT and Professional Services. Skills related to Machine Learning were the most sought after. The US-focused part of the study reveals a consistent demand for socio-emotional, foundational, and technical skills across all AI employers. However, leading firms – those who posted the most AI jobs – exhibited a higher demand for AI professionals combining technical expertise with leadership, innovation, and problem-solving skills, underscoring the importance of these competencies in the AI field.
    DOI: 10.1787/7c691b9a-en
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    Enhancing international partnership and co-operation in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/17
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rafforzare il partenariato e la cooperazione internazionale in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Governance ; France ; Italy ; Spain
    Abstract: In recent years, international development co-operation has undergone a transition from a conventional donor-recipient model to a partnership-centred approach, including with regions and cities. Friuli Venezia Giulia, a small region in north-eastern Italy with extensive policy autonomy, has been active in international co-operation and is seeking to get more out of its actions both for the region and with its co-operation partners around the world. This paper evaluates its strategy on international partnership and co-operation and proposes recommendations, including more targeted initiatives that leverage the expertise of the region for greater impact in partner countries and for local benefits.
    DOI: 10.1787/61e7fe2a-en
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    Alimentation saine, coûts et politiques alimentaires au Sahel et en Afrique de l'Ouest (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Notes ouest-africaines no.39
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Healthy diets, costs and food policies in the Sahel and West Africa
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: La région du Sahel et de l'Afrique de l'Ouest est confrontée à une grave crise de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle : des taux de dénutrition sévère élevés y côtoient une forte prévalence des carences nutritionnelles et de la suralimentation – le « triple fardeau de la malnutrition ». À l'origine de toutes les formes de malnutrition ainsi que de diverses maladies non transmissibles courantes, la mauvaise alimentation est responsable d'environ un décès d'adulte sur cinq dans le monde. Le coût élevé des aliments constitue un obstacle majeur à l'accès à une alimentation saine. Même avant la récente inflation des prix alimentaires mondiaux, les prix alimentaires étaient déjà 30 % à 40 % plus élevés en Afrique de l'Ouest que dans d'autres régions du monde au niveau de revenu comparable. Cette note se propose d'analyser le coût d'une alimentation saine dans 17 pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Sahel et d'identifier les groupes d'aliments qui composent ce coût. La forte variabilité des coûts et de leur composition observée entre les pays souligne la nécessité de politiques alimentaires plus ciblées et sensibles à la nutrition, mais aussi de données sur les prix alimentaires et de capacités de suivi renforcées.
    DOI: 10.1787/43a62f1d-fr
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    Labour and social policies for the green transition : A conceptual framework (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.295
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment
    Abstract: This study sets out a conceptual framework to analyse the impact of climate change and greenhouse gases mitigation efforts on the labour market, migration flows and people's health, as well as the most important policy levers that can cushion potential negative impacts and maximise opportunities from the climate transition.
    DOI: 10.1787/028ffbeb-en
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    The effects of the EU Fit for 55 package on labour markets and the demand for skills (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.297
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper quantifies changes in employment and the demand for skills in the European Union following the implementation of Fit for 55 policies. Between 2019 and 2030, the economy is projected to grow by 1.3% in the Fit for 55 scenario (3% in a Baseline scenario without the Fit for 55 policies). Employment growth is projected to be lower in the Fit for 55 than the Baseline scenario. Employment in the Fit for 55 scenario is projected to decrease by 3% for blue collar and farm workers (2% in the Baseline) and increase by 4 5% for other occupations (5-6% in the Baseline). The most demanded skills following the implementation of Fit for 55 will be those related to inter personal communication and the use of digital technologies, whereas the demand for skills related to the use of traditional tools and technologies is projected to decline. Anticipating changes in employment and the demand for skills as well as the socio-demographic profile of those most affected can facilitate the design of upskilling and reskilling efforts and promote the reallocation of workers across sectors and occupations.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c16baac-en
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    Is there a trade-off between productivity and employment? : A cross-country micro-to-macro study (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.157
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The impact of productivity on employment remains uncertain, particularly in light of growing concerns regarding potential negative effects of technological progress on labour demand. This report uses harmonised and comparable data from 13 countries spanning the last two decades to comprehensively analyse how productivity growth affects employment dynamics at various levels of aggregation. The study's findings highlight a positive correlation between productivity growth and employment as well as wage growth, both at the firm level and on a broader scale. This outcome arises from counteracting mechanisms and heterogeneous dynamics across different groups of firms. The findings have relevant policy implications: productivity is not just an isolated key economic objective, but well-designed and complementary policies can also help convert technological and organisational change into higher employment and wage growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/99bede51-en
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Czech Republic 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264922662 , 9789264739642 , 9789264480544
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : République tchèque 2023
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Tschechien ; Development ; Czechia
    Abstract: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts peer reviews of individual members once every five to six years. Reviews seek to improve the quality and effectiveness of members' development co-operation, highlighting good practices and recommending improvements. The Czech Republic's (Czechia) official development assistance remained stable on average at 0.14% of gross national income since 2016 and jumped to 0.36% in 2022 primarily due to the costs of hosting Ukrainian refugees. Czechia is recognised for its strong support to democratic transition and human rights. Its long-term 2018-2030 strategy ensures predictability and provides for flexibility. The report highlights efforts to engage with the European Union and its members, and identifies opportunities for building institutional learning processes. As the Czech development co-operation continues making progress towards established DAC standards, this peer review provides a set of recommendations to strengthen its institutional set-up to accelerate progress towards a more cohesive portfolio that explicitly addresses poverty and/or inequality, and to build better partnerships with local CSOs and the private sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/eba15a0b-en
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  • 42
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Costa Rica 2023 (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264387836 , 9789264585829 , 9789264486997
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Costa Rica 2023
    Keywords: Energy ; Development ; Environment ; Governance ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: En tant que pays mégadivers, le Costa Rica est connu dans le monde entier pour avoir réussi à inverser la déforestation et à poursuivre un modèle de croissance fondé sur l'utilisation durable de ses ressources environnementales. Cependant, la consommation d'énergie et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre qui en découlent ont augmenté au cours de la dernière décennie. Les voitures particulières sont une source majeure et croissante d'émissions affectant le climat et la qualité de l'air. L'élimination des déchets repose encore sur les décharges et une grande partie des eaux usées n'est pas traitée. Le vaste réseau de zones protégées du Costa Rica et son programme pionnier de paiement pour les services écosystémiques ont contribué à réduire la perte de biodiversité et à accroître la capacité de séquestration du carbone par les forêts. Toutefois, davantage doit être fait pour lutter contre les pressions exercées sur la biodiversité par le développement des infrastructures et des établissements humains, le tourisme, l'agriculture et la pêche. L'ampleur des investissements nécessaires pour atteindre les Objectifs de développement durable exige d'améliorer l'efficacité des dépenses publiques, de mobiliser les financements privés, d'appliquer strictement les réglementations et de fournir des incitations adéquates. Il s'agit du premier Examen des performances environnementales du Costa Rica par l'OCDE. Il évalue les progrès réalisés par le pays en matière de développement durable, avec un chapitre spécial consacré à la biodiversité, et fournit 52 recommandations. La présente version abrégée contient le résumé, de même que l'évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport.
    DOI: 10.1787/4de36769-fr
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    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Latin America : Insights from Chile, Colombia and Mexico (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264392083 , 9789264433953 , 9789264946637
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: IT-Berufe ; Datensicherheit ; IT-Kriminalität ; Qualifikation ; Fachkräfte ; Lateinamerika ; Kolumbien ; Mexiko ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Chile ; Colombia ; Mexico
    Abstract: As societies become increasingly digital, the importance of cyber security has grown significantly for individuals, companies, and nations. The rising number of cyber attacks surpasses the existing defense capabilities, partly due to a shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the analysis of the demand for cyber security experts in Latin America, using information from online job postings in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. The analysis investigates recent trends in job demand for various cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the evolving skill requirements in this field. Additionally, the report focuses on the supply side by examining the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in Colombia. It explores the different types of programmes offered in vocational and higher education, the characteristics of learners enrolled in these programmes, and their outcomes. Lastly, the report examines policies and initiatives implemented in Colombia to enhance the accessibility and relevance of cyber security education and training programmes. This report is part of a broader initiative that examines the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9400ab5c-en
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  • 44
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    Policy Guidance on Mitigating the Risks of Illicit Financial Flows in Oil Commodity Trading : Enabling Integrity in the Energy Transition (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Orientations stratégiques pour atténuer les risques de flux financiers illicites dans le négoce de produits pétroliers : Favoriser l'intégrité dans le cadre de la transition énergétique
    Keywords: Energy ; Taxation ; Development ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: This Policy Guidance is a product of the Development Assistance Committee's multi-year programme of work on Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs) in oil commodity trading. It proposes a set of relevant, feasible actions for providers of official development assistance (ODA) to respond to IFFs in oil commodity trading. The aim is to enhance the mobilisation of domestic resources for the benefit of populations living in oil-producing developing countries, and enable integrity in their energy transition, particularly in carbon trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/4ab9053e-en
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    Assessing and Anticipating Skills for the Green Transition : Unlocking Talent for a Sustainable Future (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264621640 , 9789264982536 , 9789264838819
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Keywords: Fachkräfte ; Qualifikation ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Bildungspolitik ; Australien ; Österreich ; Frankreich ; Norwegen ; Schweden ; Education ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; France ; Norway ; Sweden
    Abstract: Policies aimed at reducing the environmental impact of human activities have important consequences for labour markets, jobs, and skills. As employment is shifting towards more sustainable activities, workers are increasingly expected to have skills that support the transition to a greener economy. Assessing and anticipating emerging skill needs is crucial to avoid bottlenecks and sustain the green transition. This report sheds light on existing methods to measure changes in skill demand and supply related to the green transition through an in-depth review of practices in five OECD countries (Australia, Austria, France, Norway and Sweden). It also identifies best practice on how to feed information on changing skill needs into policies, notably in the areas of employment, career guidance, education and adult learning.
    DOI: 10.1787/28fa0bb5-en
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Netherlands 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264678989 , 9789264618060 , 9789264836501
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Pays-Bas 2023
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Niederlande ; Development ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts peer reviews of individual members once every five to six years. Reviews seek to improve the quality and effectiveness of members' development co-operation, highlighting good practices and recommending improvements. The Netherlands continues to focus on its strengths and drives internal reforms to achieve sustainable impact. It stays engaged in fragile contexts, providing long-term and flexible financing. It is highly valued as a champion for gender equality, provides strong support to local civil society and takes action to tackle spillovers from its economic footprint. This peer review provides recommendations to enhance the Netherlands' engagement in partner countries by putting its ambition for locally led development into practice, ensuring its thematic approach is adapted to context, and clarifying its risk appetite. Reversing the trend of decreasing budgets was a significant achievement, but effects of in-donor refugee costs on the broader Dutch development programme need to be managed.
    DOI: 10.1787/67b0a326-en
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  • 47
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Costa Rica 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264704251 , 9789264988477 , 9789264732940
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Costa Rica 2023 (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Umweltschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Costa Rica ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: A megadiverse county, Costa Rica is known globally for its success in reversing deforestation and pursuing a growth model based on the sustainable use of its environmental resources. However, energy use and related greenhouse gas emissions increased in the last decade. Private cars are a major and growing source of emissions affecting climate and air quality. Waste disposal still relies on landfills, and much wastewater is untreated. Costa Rica's extensive protected area network and pioneering programme of payments for ecosystem services have helped reduce biodiversity loss and extend forests' carbon sequestration capacity. However, more should be done to tackle pressures on biodiversity from development of infrastructure and settlements, tourism, farming and fishing. The sheer scale of investment needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals calls for improving the efficiency of public spending, mobilising private finance, strictly enforcing regulations and providing adequate incentives. This is the first OECD Environmental Performance Review of Costa Rica. It evaluates the country's progress towards sustainable development, with a special chapter focusing on biodiversity, and provides 52 recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/ec94fd4e-en
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    Organisation of public employment services at the local level in Sweden (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/03
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Sweden
    Abstract: Sweden is undergoing a major reform of its public employment service (PES) Arbetsförmedlingen, shifting its main role from providing in-house services towards monitoring of providers and working with different stakeholders in guiding and implementing labour market policies. At the same time, the PES is undergoing a significant restructuring, resulting in a downscaling of physical presence across the country and an increased digitalisation of services. To support this reform and services to jobseekers across urban and rural settings, this report a describes the main features of the Swedish labour market and employment system and analyses the challenges of the reform from a local perspective. In light of international examples, it outlines policy options for contracting services to ensure coverage in all places and for all jobseekers, managing the balance between physical and digital services, and coordinating services at the local level.
    DOI: 10.1787/24edca19-en
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    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Five Countries : Insights from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and United States (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264338395 , 9789264475915 , 9789264854055
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: IT-Sicherheit ; IT-Berufe ; Bildungspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As societies become increasingly digital, cyber security has become a priority for individuals, companies and nations. The number of cyber attacks is exceeding defence capabilities, and one reason for this is the lack of an adequately skilled cyber security workforce. This report analyses the demand for cyber security professionals in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States using information contained in online job postings. The analysis looks at recent trends in the demand for workers in different types of cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the changing skill requirements for professionals in this field. The report also looks at the supply side, zooming in on the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in England (United Kingdom). It describes the different types of programmes provided in further and higher education, the profile of learners in these programmes and their outcomes. Finally, the report also looks at policies and initiatives adopted in England to make cyber security education and training programmes more accessible and relevant. This report is part of a larger initiative examining the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fd44e6c-en
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  • 50
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Hongrie 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264793743 , 9789264525962 , 9789264748163
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co‑operation Peer Reviews: Hungary 2023
    Keywords: Development ; Hungary
    Abstract: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE mène tous les cinq à six ans un examen par les pairs qui passe en revue les efforts de coopération pour le développement de chacun de ses membres. Ces examens visent à améliorer la qualité et l’efficacité de leur coopération pour le développement, en mettant en évidence les bonnes pratiques et en recommandant des améliorations. Membre du CAD depuis 2016 seulement, la Hongrie affiche une croissance impressionnante de son aide publique au développement (APD). Sa coopération bilatérale, en particulier, a progressé ; elle s’appuie sur d’étroites consultations avec ses partenaires. La Hongrie se fait le défenseur de la gestion durable de l’eau, combinant à cet effet diplomatie, expertise nationale et coopération pour le développement. Dans les contextes fragiles, elle concentre son soutien sur les organisations de la société civile locales, et surtout sur les organismes confessionnels. Tandis qu’elle continue de progresser vers les normes et méthodes de travail établies du CAD, une réorganisation institutionnelle offre à la Hongrie des occasions non négligeables d’approfondir la réforme. Cet examen par les pairs délivre une série de recommandations visant à accroître les retombées de l’engagement de la Hongrie auprès des pays partenaires, à approfondir la collaboration entre les institutions et avec les parties prenantes, à renforcer les systèmes internes et à établir un bon équilibre entre ses objectifs nationaux et ses objectifs de développement international.
    DOI: 10.1787/f70ce0c0-fr
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    Participation of the social economy in the provision of Sweden’s public employment services (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/04
    Keywords: Employment ; Sweden
    Abstract: Sweden is undergoing a major reform of its public employment service Arbetsförmedlingen towards contracting out employment services to independent providers. At the same time, Arbetsförmedlingen is also undergoing a significant restructuring, resulting in a downscaling of physical presence across the country and an increased digitalisation of services. As this report shows, the social economy and in particular work integration social enterprises can play an important role in the delivery of publicly-financed employment services. The report analyses the main features of the social economy in general as well as its current role in employment policies in Sweden. Moreover, it discusses challenges in engaging social economy organisations as providers in the market for contracted-out employment services in Sweden with respect to the legal framework, contracting rules, financial barriers, payment models, and co-operation structures. Lastly, it offers recommendations based on international practice to help design and implement the proposed policy recommendations in the Swedish context.
    DOI: 10.1787/4949e828-en
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    Urbanisation and Conflicts in North and West Africa (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264817104 , 9789264448841 , 9789264562318
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Urbanisation et conflits en Afrique du Nord et de l'Ouest
    Keywords: Urbanisierung ; Politischer Konflikt ; Ländlicher Raum ; Westafrika ; Development
    Abstract: North and West Africa are undergoing rapid urbanisation. While cities and urban areas have always been sites of conflict, given their political and economic importance, many insurgencies, rebellions and separatist movements are associated with rural areas. Has increased urbanisation led to increased conflict in cities or do conflicts stay predominantly rural? Combining a regional and local perspective, this report examines and maps the rural-urban geography of conflict in North and West Africa since the late 1990s. A qualitative analysis of ten cities helps to illuminate the local sources of conflict. At a time of increasing violence in West Africa, the report lays out a solid foundation for policy makers, experts and researchers to develop more security and development place-based policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/3fc68183-en
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    Urbanisation et conflits en Afrique du Nord et de l'Ouest (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264418417 , 9789264475113 , 9789264766709
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Urbanisation and Conflicts in North and West Africa
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: L’Afrique du Nord et de l’Ouest connaissent une urbanisation rapide. Alors que villes et zones urbaines ont toujours été le théâtre de conflits de par leur rôle politique et économique, nombre de mouvements séparatistes, insurrections et rébellions restent associés aux zones rurales. La croissance urbaine s’accompagne-t-elle d’une augmentation de la violence dans les villes ou les conflits demeurent-ils essentiellement ruraux ? Conjuguant une approche régionale et locale, ce rapport analyse et cartographie l’évolution de la répartition spatiale des conflits entre zones rurales et urbaines en Afrique du Nord et de l’Ouest depuis la fin des années 1990. Une analyse plus qualitative de dix villes permet de mieux comprendre les ressorts locaux de ces violences. Alors que ces dernières augmentent en Afrique de l’Ouest, cet ouvrage offre aux décideurs publics, experts et chercheurs de solides bases d’élaboration de politiques de sécurité et développement plus territorialisées.
    DOI: 10.1787/4044c408-fr
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    Evaluation of Active Labour Market Policies in Finland (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264424982 , 9789264458918 , 9789264745315
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Connecting People with Jobs
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Finnland ; Employment ; Finland
    Abstract: This report uses rich administrative data from different registers in Finland to evaluate the impact of two types of training available to jobseekers: labour market training; and self-motivated training. Training outcomes are examined that go beyond the probability of employment and how different population groups are affected. The report also assesses the framework for impact evaluation of active labour market policies (ALMPs) in Finland, covering the whole cycle of evidence-based policy making from strategy and planning of evaluations, resources, data collection and evaluation methodologies to dissemination of evidence and use in policy making. Finally, the report makes recommendations for improving the effectiveness of Finland’s ALMPs and strengthening the capacity of the Finnish authorities in conducting ALMP impact evaluations. This report is the eleventh in a series of country reports on policies to connect people with better jobs. It was produced as part of the OECD’s project with the European Commission which aims to raise the quality of the data collected and their use in the evaluation of the effectiveness of ALMPs.
    DOI: 10.1787/115b186e-en
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    Joining Forces for Gender Equality : what is Holding us Back? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264825833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (337 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agir ensemble pour l'égalité des genres (version abrégée) : Quelles priorités ?
    Keywords: Gleichstellungspolitik ; Gleichberechtigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: OECD countries continue to face persistent gender inequalities in social and economic life. Young women often reach higher levels of education than young men, but remain under-represented in fields with the most lucrative careers. Women spend more time on unpaid work, face a strong motherhood penalty, encounter barriers to entrepreneurship and fare worse in labour markets overall. They are also under-represented in politics and leadership positions in public employment. These elements permeate many policy areas and economic sectors - from international trade and development assistance to energy and the environment - in which policy often lacks a strong gender focus. Violence against women, the most abhorrent manifestation of gender inequality, remains a global crisis. This publication analyses developments and policies for gender equality, such as gender mainstreaming and budgeting, reforms to increase fathers' involvement in parental leave and childcare, pay transparency initiatives to tackle gender pay gaps, and systems to address gender-based violence. It extends the perspective on gender equality to include foreign direct investment, nuclear energy and transport. Advancing gender equality is not just a moral imperative; in times of rapidly ageing populations, low fertility and multiple crises, it will strengthen future gender-equal economic growth and social cohesion
    Description / Table of Contents: Women at work in OECD countries -- The labour market integration challenges of Ukrainian refugee women -- Global goals in gender equality -- Improving policy implementation to end gender-based violence -- Foreword -- Gender gaps in Vocational Education and Training (VET) and adult learning -- Governance tools and evidence to promote inclusive decision making -- Gender equality in public leadership -- Gender balance in the nuclear sector -- Mainstreaming gender equality -- Tax systems and gender -- Gender differences in financial literacy and resilience -- Supporting equal parenting: Paid parental leave -- Addressing gender disparities in access to finance for business creation -- Gender gaps in entrepreneurship remain -- Gender differences in career expectations and feminisation of the teaching profession -- Women entrepreneurs and international trade -- Ensuring the availability, quality and affordability of childcare -- The gender wage gap and the role of firms -- Gender diversity in energy -- The gender gap in school engagement and retention -- Harnessing foreign direct investment for gender equality -- Gender mainstreaming in environmental policies -- Assessing gender equality in transport policies -- Pay transparency to close the gender wage gap -- Participation and performance of girls and boys in education -- Women and the social economy -- Executive summary -- Gender gaps in asset-backed pension arrangements -- Gender diversity on boards and in senior management -- Systems and legal frameworks to address gender-based violence -- Legal frameworks, institutional design and strategic planning for gender mainstreaming -- The potential of digitalisation for women's economic empowerment in MENA countries -- Improving gender equality in public employment -- Teleworking through a gender lens.
    DOI: 10.1787/67d48024-en
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Exploring Norway's Fertility, Work, and Family Policy Trends (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264591424 , 9789264431911 , 9789264648630
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Fertilität ; Familienpolitik ; Familie-Beruf ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Norwegen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway
    Abstract: Like other Nordic countries Norway has been investing heavily in family policy to enable combining work and family life. Nevertheless, between 2009 and 2022 the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Norway dropped from 2 children to 1.4 children per woman. What is happening, and why? Can Norwegian parents still reconcile work and family commitments? What role do demographic trends play for the future of the Norwegian society? Should we worry? These are some of the questions that this study addresses. It illustrates various aspects of fertility trends, as well as changes in the Norwegian labour market as well as in Norway’s comprehensive system of public family support. The study also looks at social attitudes and how these might be affecting family formation and fertility trends. The final chapter projects demographic, economic, fiscal and social outcomes under different fertility trend scenarios.
    DOI: 10.1787/f0c7bddf-en
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    Promoting Active Ageing in Lithuania : Policy Challenges and Solutions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264725881 , 9789264477131 , 9789264819603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Keywords: Alternde Bevölkerung ; Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Seniorenpolitik ; Litauen ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Lithuania is one of the fastest-ageing countries in Europe. Its working-age population is not only ageing, but also expected to decline significantly, giving rise to considerable economic, labour market, social and public governance challenges. The inclusion of older persons has improved in many areas in the past two decades. Yet, many Lithuanians aged 55 and over continue to lag in fully engaging in society relative to younger people and their peers in neighbouring countries. This report takes a holistic approach to analyse Active Ageing policies in Lithuania in three dimensions: labour market inclusion, social policies, and participation in public and political life. It provides tailored policy recommendations to improve the well-being of older people in Lithuania in terms of better employment and lifelong learning outcomes, stronger integration in society, and participation in democratic institutions and processes.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b4d4cfd-en
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    Benefit Reforms for Inclusive Societies in the United States : Income Security During Joblessness (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264622173 , 9789264626126 , 9789264859616
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Arbeitslosenversicherung ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States
    Abstract: Protecting people, rather than specific jobs, plays a key role in promoting labour-market inclusiveness and dynamism. Effective unemployment benefits reduce inequality, and facilitate a good match between workers’ skills and job requirements. They are a crucial policy lever for adapting to the major societal, technological and environmental transitions of our time. This report on the United States is the second of a number of OECD country reviews of income support policies. Each report analyses key policy challenges, discusses recent reform initiatives, and identifies good practices from other OECD countries. The report examines the reach and generosity of unemployment insurance and other income support for working age households, with a special focus on disadvantaged labour market groups. What are key gaps in benefit receipt between wage- and salaried employees and non-standard workers (part-time workers, those on temporary contracts, and self-employed workers including own-account workers)? What factors, including race/ethnicity and gender, drive non-entitlement to unemployment compensation? The report examines these questions, considers the impact of recent extensions to the unemployment insurance programme in response to the COVID pandemic, and outlines policy directions for strengthening out-of-work support.
    DOI: 10.1787/32d8f005-en
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  • 59
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    Strengthening the attractiveness of the public service in France : Towards a territorial approach (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.28
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Renforcer l'attractivité de la fonction publique en France : Vers une approche territoriale
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Dienst ; Personalmarketing ; Frankreich ; Employment ; Governance ; France
    Abstract: A growing number of OECD countries are facing the challenge of making their public service more attractive, even as public policy management becomes increasingly complex and requires new skills. This paper seeks to identify the attractiveness factors of the public service in the French regions and across the member countries of the European Union, particularly within a context of major trends in public employment that are constantly changing. The first section aims to shed light on the attractiveness of the French public service in French regions, through a mostly qualitative focus on four regions (Grand Est, Hauts-de-France, Île-de-France, Normandy). These regions are facing, in whole or in part, difficulties in attracting, recruiting, and retaining their public employees. The second section, in addition to a better understanding of the major trends affecting public employment across the European Union and OECD member countries and the implications for the Human Resources (HR) function, explores the measures implemented by other administrations in OECD member countries as well as the private sector to develop or adapt their human resources policies in order to better plan attractiveness efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/ab9ebe85-en
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  • 60
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    The adoption of innovation in international development organisations : Lessons for development co-operation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.112
    Keywords: Entwicklungsorganisation ; Innovationsakzeptanz ; Development ; France ; Germany ; Korea, Republic of ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Addressing 21st century development challenges requires investments in innovation, including the use of new approaches and technologies. Currently, many development organisations prioritise investments in isolated innovation pilots that leverage a specific approach or technology rather than pursuing a strategic approach to expand the organisation’s toolbox with innovations that have proven their comparative advantage over what is currently used. This Working Paper addresses this challenge of adopting innovations. How can development organisations institutionalise a new way of working, bringing what was once novel to the core of how business is done? Analysing successful adoption efforts across five DAC agencies, the paper lays out a proposed process for the adoption of innovations. The paper features five case-studies and concludes with a set of lessons and recommendations for policy makers on innovation management generally, and adoption of innovation in particular.
    DOI: 10.1787/21f63c69-en
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  • 61
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    Quels sont les problèmes d’intégration que rencontrent les femmes réfugiées ukrainiennes ? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe What are the integration challenges of Ukrainian refugee women?
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Depuis le début de la guerre d’agression menée par la Russie contre l’Ukraine, la majorité des personnes réfugiées sont des femmes et des enfants. Cette situation pose des problèmes d’intégration d’une nature particulière. Dans la plupart des pays d’accueil, environ 70 % des réfugiés ukrainiens adultes sont des femmes et la plupart d’entre elles sont venues accompagnées de leurs enfants, dont environ 30 % sont mineurs. La plupart des pays de l’OCDE favorisent l’intégration socioéconomique des réfugiées ukrainiennes à l’aide de leurs systèmes existants d’intégration. Toutefois, les mesures d’intégration ont souvent été conçues en se basant sur des profils différents de compétences et une composition femmes/hommes différente des flux de réfugiés, et risquent donc d'affaiblir les résultats à long terme. Dans les pays de l’OCDE, certaines mesures ciblées prometteuses ont été mises en place pour favoriser l’intégration socioéconomique des réfugiées ukrainiennes. Ces mesures comprennent des services de conseil, des possibilités de travail en réseau, des formations et des stages, ainsi que des activités d'entraide à l'échelon local destinées aux femmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf7db5c3-fr
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  • 62
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    Au-delà des applaudissements ? Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le secteur des soins de longue durée (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264919778 , 9789264830431 , 9789264795457
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Beyond Applause? Improving Working Conditions in Long-Term Care
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente une analyse internationale approfondie de la situation des travailleurs du secteur des soins de longue durée au regard des différentes dimensions de la qualité des emplois. Dans les premières phases de la pandémie de COVID-19, les applaudissements adressés aux soignants ont été l’expression manifeste de la reconnaissance de leur travail acharné et des risques auxquels leurs fonctions les exposaient. Cependant, alors que les applaudissements se faisaient plus rares après le pic de la crise, la question de l’amélioration durable des conditions de travail des personnels du secteur des soins de longue durée est revenue sur le devant de la scène. Au cours des prochaines décennies, la demande de travail en provenance des entreprises de ce secteur va augmenter sensiblement. Plusieurs pays sont déjà confrontés à des pénuries à mesure que la génération du baby-boom entre dans le troisième âge. Pour aller Au-delà des applaudissements, il est nécessaire d’adopter une stratégie d’action globale pour remédier aux conditions de travail médiocres et à la reconnaissance sociale insuffisante des personnels du secteur des soins de longue durée, attirer des travailleurs et éviter que les pénuries de main-d’œuvre n’atteignent des niveaux inacceptables. Une stratégie de ce type doit prendre en compte plusieurs dimensions et s’adapter aux priorités de chaque pays, par exemple mettre en place des interventions directes visant à augmenter les salaires et à relever les qualifications requises ; augmenter les financements publics et développer le rôle moteur des pouvoirs publics ; soutenir la négociation collective et le dialogue social ; renforcer la formation ; développer le recours aux nouvelles technologies ; et consolider les politiques de prévention dans le domaine de la santé. Il s’agit d’une version abrégée de la publication d’origine, composée du résumé et du chapitre 1, qui est le chapitre de présentation générale.
    DOI: 10.1787/160ef74a-fr
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    OECD Skills Strategy Bulgaria : Assessment and Recommendations (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264469273 , 9789264775930 , 9789264835030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (241 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation ; Bulgarien ; Education ; Employment ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Bulgaria: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to improve youth skills, improve adult skills, use skills effectively in the labour market and at work, and improve the governance of the skills system in Bulgaria.
    DOI: 10.1787/c2eb2f34-en
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  • 64
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    Une application réfléchie des critères d’évaluation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264322318 , 9789264728660 , 9789264322950
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Applying Evaluation Criteria Thoughtfully
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La pertinence, la cohérence, l'efficacité, l'efficience, l'impact et la durabilité sont des critères d'évaluation largement utilisés, en particulier dans la coopération internationale pour le développement. Ils permettent de déterminer le mérite ou la valeur de diverses interventions, telles que les stratégies, les politiques, les programmes ou les projets. Ce guide a pour but d'aider les évaluateurs et d'autres à mieux comprendre ces critères et mieux les utiliser. Il commence par décrire ce qu'ils sont et comment ils sont censés être utilisés. Les définitions et les concepts qui sous-tendent chaque critère sont ensuite expliqués. Enfin, des exemples donnent au lecteur des idées concrètes pour leur utilisation. Les critères ont été définis au début des années 2000 par le Réseau sur l'évaluation du développement (EvalNet) du Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE. Bien qu'ils aient été largement utilisés dans le domaine de l'évaluation et au-delà, ce document est le premier à en explorer les concepts en détail, à expliquer leur utilisation prévue et à offrir des conseils pratiques. Il reflète l’état actuel de la réflexion et les meilleures pratiques en matière d'évaluation, en s'appuyant sur les contributions d'experts en évaluation de renommée internationale venus d'EvalNet et d'ailleurs.
    DOI: 10.1787/716baf6e-fr
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  • 65
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Israel 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264424791 , 9789264585997 , 9789264670549
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Israel ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Israel
    Abstract: Israel’s rapid economic and population growth along with a high degree of urbanisation continue to exert significant pressure on the environment. Israel has raised its climate ambitions in recent years, though is not on track to reach greenhouse gas reduction targets. Enhancing biodiversity protection, addressing water pollution and adapting to the impacts of climate change require further action. Israel has taken a number of key steps to advance its zero waste and circular economy agenda. However, further efforts are required to improve waste management and introduce an economy-wide shift to a circular economy. The review provides 24 recommendations to help Israel improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on waste management and circular economy. This is the second Environmental Performance Review of Israel. It provides an independent, evidence-based evaluation of the country’s environmental performance over the past decade.
    DOI: 10.1787/0175ae95-en
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    Public Employment and Management 2023 : Towards a More Flexible Public Service (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264733046 , 9789264489981 , 9789264377912
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Emploi et gestion publics 2023 : Vers une fonction publique plus flexible
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Dienst ; Personalmanagement ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Nonprofit-Management ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Governance
    Abstract: This is the second edition of a regular publication on public employment and management issues. This edition explores the theme of flexibility in the public service workforce through the angles of workforce mobility, learning and development, and flexible working arrangements. It presents comparative data and analysis as well as country-specific case studies to help governments design and embed greater flexibility. This report also features a synthesis of the OECD review of public service leadership and capability in the Brazilian Federal Public Service. Taken together, the insights of this edition can help guide and shape flexible work practices for a high-performing public service.
    DOI: 10.1787/5b378e11-en
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  • 67
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    Adolescent Education and Pre-Employment Interventions in Australia : Keeping Young People in Education, Employment and Training (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264854642 , 9789264360174 , 9789264894907
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Jugendliche ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Australien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia
    Abstract: About one in ten young people in Australia are neither in employment, education or training (NEET), a factor that may lower their long-term economic prospects and threaten their well-being. Individuals who did not graduate from upper secondary education, who have health limitations, or who are Indigenous are over-represented in this group. Preventative policies and interventions targeted at adolescents in their early- to mid-teens can reduce the share of young people out of employment, education and training. This report explores what is known about the potential preventative impact of educational and pre-employment interventions on later NEET status and presents a range of policies and initiatives from across the OECD that can reduce the NEET probability among key at-risk populations. The report covers interventions to prevent early school leaving and to promote student engagement and motivation; to strengthen career education, career guidance and employer engagement; and to improve the perception of the vocational education and training (VET) system and the learning of VET students. The report also provides recommendations on improving the monitoring and evaluation of youth policies in general and policies to keep young people in employment, education and training in particular.
    DOI: 10.1787/7bf19171-en
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  • 68
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    Agir ensemble pour l’égalité des genres (version abrégée) : Quelles priorités ? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264729100 , 9789264702035 , 9789264942424
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Joining Forces for Gender Equality: What is Holding us Back?
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Des inégalités sociales et économiques persistent entre les genres dans les pays de l’OCDE. Les femmes jeunes atteignent souvent un niveau d’études supérieur à celui de leurs homologues masculins, mais restent sous-représentées dans les secteurs offrant les rémunérations les plus élevées. Les femmes consacrent plus de temps au travail non rémunéré, sont fortement pénalisées lorsqu’elles ont des enfants, se heurtent à des obstacles en matière d’entrepreneuriat, et ont globalement de moins bons résultats sur le marché du travail. Elles sont aussi sous-représentées en politique et aux postes de direction dans le secteur public. On retrouve ces caractéristiques dans de nombreux domaines d’action et secteurs économiques (du commerce international à l’aide au développement en passant par l’énergie et l’environnement) où les questions de genre sont peu prises en compte dans l’action publique. La violence à l’encontre des femmes, expression la plus abominable des inégalités entre les genres, reste un enjeu de portée mondiale. Cette publication analyse les évolutions et les mesures en faveur de l’égalité des genres, comme la prise en compte de la dimension du genre dans les politiques et les budgets, les réformes visant à accroître la participation des pères aux congés parentaux et à la garde des enfants, les initiatives en faveur de la transparence salariale pour lutter contre les inégalités de rémunération entre les genres, ou les systèmes de lutte contre les violences basées sur le genre. Elle vise à élargir la vision de l’égalité entre les genres, afin d’inclure l’investissement direct étranger, l’énergie nucléaire et les transports. Faire progresser l’égalité entre les genres n’est pas seulement un impératif moral : en cette période marquée par un vieillissement démographique rapide, des taux de fécondité en berne et des crises qui se multiplient, les actions dans ce domaine contribueront à favoriser une croissance économique et une cohésion sociale plus respectueuses de l’égalité des genres à l’avenir. Il s’agit d’une version abrégée de la publication d’origine, composée du résumé et du chapitre 1 intitulé Mettre l’égalité des genres au cœur de toutes les politiques publiques, qui est le chapitre de synthèse.
    DOI: 10.1787/6a24b253-fr
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  • 69
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    Internationalisation, specialisation and technological collaboration in the EU Outermost Regions : A patent data-based analysis (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.50
    Keywords: Development ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper explores the innovation dynamics of the EU Outermost Regions (EU ORs) through patenting behaviour. It emphasises the potential for international collaborations with a wide range of partners, and recommends to mobilise the resources and strategies provided by the EU to strengthen research and innovation in the private sector; enhance the impact of public research centres and universities; and foster intra-regional co-operation. It also calls for stronger ties with African countries, the Latin American and Caribbean region, as well as Small Island Developing States (SIDS), to foster innovation-based collaborations, particularly around sustainable agriculture, renewable energy and the ocean economy. The paper is developed within the framework of the EU-OECD project on Global Outermost Regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/7eac66d8-en
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  • 70
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    Addressing forced displacement in climate change adaptation : No longer a blind spot (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.46
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: This paper shows that climate-related forced displacement is insufficiently addressed in two fundamental commitments made towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) between 2015 and 2023: National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It describes the important role NAPs and NDCs play in prioritising the tackling of certain aspects of climate change adaptation, identifies gaps on forced displacement, and proposes ways of adding it among their policy objectives, and of mobilising finance to reach them.
    DOI: 10.1787/891ced36-en
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    Rafforzare il partenariato e la cooperazione internazionale in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Enhancing international partnership and co-operation in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Governance ; France ; Italy ; Spain
    Abstract: La cooperazione internazionale allo sviluppo sta transitando da un modello tradizionale incentrato sullo scambio unilaterale tra donatore e beneficiario a un approccio fondato sul partenariato, che sempre più spesso coinvolge anche regioni e città. Il Friuli Venezia Giulia, una piccola regione dell'Italia nord-orientale che gode di un'ampia autonomia politica, è attivo da tempo nella cooperazione internazionale e ambisce a ottenere maggiori benefici dalle sue iniziative, sia per la comunità regionale che per i partner con cui coopera a livello internazionale. Questo studio analizza la sua strategia sul partenariato e la cooperazione internazionale e propone raccomandazioni per un suo rafforzamento. Tra queste spicca l'invito a concentrare le risorse su iniziative che sfruttino le aree di specializzazione regionale per ottenere un maggiore impatto nei paesi partner e a livello locale.
    DOI: 10.1787/4195c067-it
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    What is the role of data in jobs in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States? : A natural language processing approach (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/05
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Canada ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This paper estimates the data intensity of occupations/sectors (i.e. the share of job postings per occupation/sector related to the production of data) using natural language processing (NLP) on job advertisements in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. Online job advertisement data collected by Lightcast provide timely and disaggregated insights into labour demand and skill requirements of different professions. The paper makes three major contributions. First, indicators created from the Lightcast data add to the understanding of digital skills in the labour market. Second, the results may advance the measurement of data assets in national account statistics. Third, the NLP methodology can handle up to 66 languages and can be adapted to measure concepts beyond digital skills. Results provide a ranking of data intensity across occupations, with data analytics activities contributing most to aggregate data intensity shares in all three countries. At the sectoral level, the emerging picture is more heterogeneous across countries. Differences in labour demand primarily explain those variations, with low data-intensive professions contributing most to aggregate data intensity in the United Kingdom. Estimates of investment in data, using a sum of costs approach and sectoral intensity shares, point to lower levels in the United Kingdom and Canada than in the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/fa65d29e-en
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    Healthy diets, costs and food policies in the Sahel and West Africa (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: West African Papers no.39
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Alimentation saine, coûts et politiques alimentaires au Sahel et en Afrique de l'Ouest
    Keywords: Ernährungspolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Ernährungsverhalten ; Sahel ; Westafrika ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: The Sahel and West Africa region is facing a serious food and nutrition security crisis with high rates of acute malnutrition, combined with high rates of malnourishment and over-nourishment – the "triple burden of malnutrition". Poor-quality diets are the root of all forms of malnutrition, as well as common non-communicable diseases, and are responsible for an estimated one in five adult deaths globally. The high cost of food is a key barrier to accessing a healthy diet. Even before the recent global inflation in food prices, West Africa's food prices were 30%-40% higher than other regions in the world of comparable income levels. The paper analyses the costs of healthy diets in 17 countries in the Sahel and West Africa and which food groups drive up costs. The observed high cross-country variability in costs and cost composition points to a need for more targeted and nutrition-sensitive food system policies as well as the need to invest in better food price data and monitoring capacities.
    DOI: 10.1787/2ac5e663-en
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  • 74
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    Unemployment benefit reforms to support employment and inclusiveness in the United States : Impacts of the Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.296
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: This paper analyses the impact of Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) extensions on jobseeker households in selected US states and examines how these extensions compare to the pre-pandemic policies. The analysis finds that PUA extensions increase benefit duration for all jobseekers, but due to interactions between other government benefits, this translates to significant increases in benefit generosity only for jobseekers without children. This has an impact on the financial incentives to take up employment, although incentives are still above the OECD average. PUA extensions have little impact for people who have been unemployed for a very long time, and jobseekers with no recent contribution history. PUA extensions also have minimal impact on jobless families with children who continue to receive less support compared to other OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/a2f9156d-en
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    Promouvoir les talents à Bruxelles, Belgique (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264685734 , 9789264718326 , 9789264583047
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (173 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Revues de l'OCDE sur la création locale d'emplois
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Unleashing Talent in Brussels, Belgium
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Governance ; Belgium
    Abstract: Au cours de la dernière décennie, le marché du travail de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale s'est amélioré. De nombreuses offres de travail ouvrent des possibilités pour des travailleurs hautement qualifiés, faisant de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale une destination importante pour les talents belges, européens et internationaux. Or, malgré les perspectives de carrière offertes par la région, un nombre important de résidents est exclu du monde du travail. Les travailleurs moins diplômés se font concurrence pour un nombre de postes limités, en dépit des pénuries observées sur le marché du travail. Les facteurs qui mènent à l'exclusion de certains bruxellois et les solutions pour y remédier, doivent être un pilier de toute vision d'avenir de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale. Le marché du travail bruxellois récompense la formation. Faciliter l'accès aux formations disponibles en Région est donc une priorité, notamment pour qu'elles soient adaptées aux différents besoins de la population. Réduire les entraves à la formation est un autre levier d'action. Pour le service public de l'emploi, la simplification des parcours, la mobilité géographique des chercheurs d'emplois moins diplômés et une meilleure prise en compte de la dimension migratoire de l'exclusion peuvent, chacune à leur manière, aider un plus grand nombre de bruxellois à trouver un emploi de qualité.
    DOI: 10.1787/c1f728f8-fr
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  • 76
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    Digital Government Review of Latin America and the Caribbean : Building Inclusive and Responsive Public Services (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264503748 , 9789264752412 , 9789264739239
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (233 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Keywords: E-Government ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Karibischer Raum ; Lateinamerika ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: This report explores how governments in Latin America and the Caribbean can use digital technology and data to foster responsiveness, resilience and proactiveness in the public sector. This report looks at governance frameworks, digital government capabilities, data-driven public sector, public service design and delivery, and digital innovation in the public sector. It identifies trends, challenges, strengths, and opportunities for cross-border collaboration and provides policy recommendations to achieve an efficient and sustainable digital transformation of governments across the region.
    DOI: 10.1787/29f32e64-en
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  • 77
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Korea 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264568969 , 9789264373280 , 9789264405318
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (315 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Südkorea ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: The "Miracle on the River Han" catapulted Korea from developing country to a prosperous economy, driven in part by advancements in science, technology, and innovation. Being the second-highest R&D spender among OECD economies, Korea excels in key technologies, including semiconductors, 6G, and ICT infrastructure. Despite this remarkable progress, disparities remain between SMEs and chaebols, manufacturing and services, ICT and non-ICT industries, and urban and rural areas. Korea also grapples with societal and economic vulnerabilities, including an aging population, a significant carbon footprint, limited renewable energy use, and pronounced gender inequality. To further seize opportunities for equitable and inclusive growth, Korea must foster a shared national vision to develop science, technology, and innovation to address societal issues, enhance R&D policy implementation, promote excellent research, further internationalise, and broaden technology diffusion.
    DOI: 10.1787/bdcf9685-en
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  • 78
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    SIGI 2023 Global Report : Gender Equality in Times of Crisis (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264824065 , 9789264713796 , 9789264532922
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Gleichberechtigung ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Environment
    Abstract: What are the root causes of gender inequality? Building on the fifth edition of the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI), the SIGI 2023 Global Report provides a global outlook of discriminatory social institutions, the fundamental causes of gender inequality. It reveals how formal and informal laws, social norms and practices limit women's and girls' rights and opportunities in all aspects of their lives. Globally, 40% of them continue to live in countries where gender-based discrimination is assessed as high or very high. The report stresses how discriminatory social institutions curtail women's and adolescents' fundamental access to sexual and reproductive health and rights. It also sheds light on the gendered impacts of climate change and underlines how women can play a pivotal role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. To accelerate efforts aimed at achieving SDG 5 and eliminating the underlying and structural factors that hamper women's empowerment, the report offers concrete policy actions. It calls for a gender-transformative approach to leverage crises and challenges into windows of opportunity to establish women and men as agents of change.
    DOI: 10.1787/4607b7c7-en
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  • 79
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    Minimum wages in a dual labour market : Evidence from the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.298
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an assessment of the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain, which increased the minimum wage by 22% and directly concerned 7% of dependent employees. The assessment is based on an individual-level analysis that follows the outcomes of workers that were employed in the year before the reform over time. Among directly affected workers, the hike in the minimum wage increased full-time equivalent monthly earnings by on average 5.8% and reduced employment by -0.6%. The wage effects are stronger for workers on open-ended contracts, while the employment effects are stronger for workers on fixed-term contracts.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ff44848-en
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  • 80
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    Boosting Social Inclusion in Spain : Improving Pathways and Co-ordination of Services (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264339149 , 9789264330764 , 9789264813779
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Soziale Integration ; Sozialpolitik ; Spanien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Spain
    Abstract: Spain has a high share of the working age population at risk of poverty or social exclusion and a high incidence of child poverty. While Spain has introduced a minimum income at the national level, social inclusion policies are the responsibility of the regions. At present, the coverage of the minimum income remains low and there are many differences in the design and implementation of social inclusion policies across regions, especially as a number of regions do not develop social inclusion strategies. There is also a lack of a multidimensional approach to social inclusion. This report develops options for new inclusion models that address current challenges and help formulate a coherent inclusion strategy. It also sets out a blueprint for developing a monitoring and evaluation framework. The recommendations aim to increase the effectiveness of minimum income policies and strengthen the co-ordination between social services, employment, health and housing.
    DOI: 10.1787/56b604a0-en
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  • 81
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    Mining Regions and Cities Case of the Pilbara, Australia (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264422469 , 9789264616370 , 9789264555297
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Eisenerzbergbau ; Regionalentwicklung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Pilbara ; Australien ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Australia
    Abstract: Located in the state of Western Australia, the Pilbara is a large region and one of the least densely populated within the OECD. The Pilbara's mining sector is a top supplier of iron ore in the world, which has fuelled the economic growth of both the state and the country. While Pilbara's industrialisation is relatively recent, dating back to the 1960s, First Nations peoples have inhabited the region for approximately 50 000 years. Despite the wealth generated by mining and extractive industries, the Pilbara faces important challenges to improve its attractiveness and well-being standards, especially for First Nations and non-mining workers. Well-being challenges also stifle growth opportunities and responsible mining investments in the region. The green transition presents the Pilbara with an opportunity to diversify its economy and improve well-being conditions of its communities, while becoming a strategic player in the global shift towards more sustainable mining. This study offers guidance on how the Pilbara can shape a more inclusive and sustainable development model that supports economic diversification and prioritises improving the living conditions of its communities, particularly First Nations.
    DOI: 10.1787/a1d2d486-en
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  • 82
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Pays-Bas 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264978881 , 9789264971202 , 9789264412392
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Netherlands 2023
    Keywords: Development ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE mène tous les cinq à six ans un examen par les pairs qui passe en revue les efforts de coopération pour le développement de chacun de ses membres. Ces examens visent à améliorer la qualité et l'efficacité de leur coopération, en mettant en évidence les bonnes pratiques et en recommandant des améliorations. Les Pays-Bas continuent de se concentrer sur leurs atouts et conduisent des réformes internes pour un impact durable. Ils maintiennent leur engagement dans les contextes fragiles, avec un financement à long terme et flexible. Le pays est grandement apprécié pour son rôle pionnier dans l'égalité des genres, il soutient fermement les sociétés civiles locales et s'attaque aux effets de son empreinte économique. Cet examen formule des recommandations pour renforcer l'engagement des Pays-Bas dans les pays partenaires par la concrétisation de leur ambition en faveur d'un développement mené au niveau local, leurs efforts pour adapter leur approche thématique à chaque contexte et la définition plus précise de leur appétence pour le risque. L'inversion de la baisse des budgets est une réalisation importante, mais il faudra gérer l'effet des dépenses consacrées aux réfugiés dans le pays sur le programme néerlandais de développement.
    DOI: 10.1787/f1487cdf-fr
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  • 83
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    Mining Regions and Cities in the Region of Antofagasta, Chile : Towards a Regional Mining Strategy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264930285 , 9789264875289 , 9789264520080
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (143 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Kupferbergbau ; Lithium ; Bergbau ; Regionalentwicklung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Chile ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Chile
    Abstract: Antofagasta is a world leader in copper and lithium production, with strategic importance for the global energy transition and for the economic development of Chile. Located in north Chile, Antofagasta is carved by the natural contours of the Atacama Desert and home to diverse Indigenous communities. Despite the wealth brought by mining, communities in Antofagasta lag on a number of well-being dimensions. At the same time, Antofagasta's mining industry is entering a new phase of development, driven by the expected surge in global demand for its minerals and the imperative to adapt to the green and digital transitions. Against this backdrop, a new development vision with a long-term strategy is warranted in the region to leverage mining benefits to improve well-being standards and take advantage of the opportunities brought by the digital and green transition in mining. This study presents the diagnosis, rationale and building blocks for a new mining strategy in the region of Antofagasta, Chile that prioritises well-being standards and opportunities for local communities. This medium and long-term strategy aims to create a new pact amongst different societal stakeholders to build trust and unite efforts for more inclusive and sustainable growth in the region.
    DOI: 10.1787/336e2d2f-en
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  • 84
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    The impact of AI on the workplace: Evidence from OECD case studies of AI implementation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.289
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: How artificial intelligence (AI) will impact workplaces is a central question for the future of work, with potentially significant implications for jobs, productivity, and worker well-being. Yet, knowledge gaps remain in terms of how firms, workers, and worker representatives are adapting. This study addresses these gaps through a qualitative approach. It is based on nearly 100 case studies of the impacts of AI technologies on workplaces in the manufacturing and finance sectors of eight OECD countries. The study shows that, to date, job reorganisation appears more prevalent than job displacement, with automation prompting the reorientation of jobs towards tasks in which humans have a comparative advantage. Job quality improvements associated with AI – reductions in tedium, greater worker engagement, and improved physical safety – may be its strongest endorsement from a worker perspective. The study also highlights challenges – skill requirements and reports of increased work intensity – underscoring the need for policies to ensure that AI technologies benefit everyone.
    DOI: 10.1787/2247ce58-en
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  • 85
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    The impact of AI on the workplace: Main findings from the OECD AI surveys of employers and workers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.288
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Austria ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Ireland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: New OECD surveys of employers and workers in the manufacturing and finance sectors of seven countries shed new light on the impact that Artificial Intelligence has on the workplace —an under-researched area to date due to lack of data. The findings suggest that both workers and their employers are generally very positive about the impact of AI on performance and working conditions. However, there are also concerns, including about job loss—an issue that should be closely monitored. The surveys also indicate that, while many workers trust their employers when it comes to the implementation of AI in the workplace, more can be done to improve trust. In particular, the surveys show that both training and worker consultation are associated with better outcomes for workers.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea0a0fe1-en
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  • 86
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    Handbook on Measuring Digital Platform Employment and Work (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264762978 , 9789264518902 , 9789264791183
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Gig Economy ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; Digitale Plattform ; Messung ; Welt ; Employment ; Handbuch
    Abstract: National Statistical Offices face a growing policy demand for better statistics on digital platform employment and work. New statistical definitions are needed to avoid undercounting the number of people involved in these jobs. In addition, new sources of data, including non-official ones, may be needed to meet the statistical challenges of measuring digital platform employment and work. The OECD, the International Labour Organisation and the European Commission have joined forces to produce this Handbook on Measuring Digital Platform Employment and Work, which assesses measurement options and provides first recommendations on these issues. The Handbook first proposes a general definition of digital platform work and a conceptual framework that helps identify the key features of digital platform employment and work, which statisticians should bear in mind when designing their research objectives and operational protocol. The Handbook then reviews the main statistical vehicles used for measuring digital platform employment, and discusses previous statistical initiatives by National Statistical Offices through the lens of its conceptual framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/0ddcac3b-en
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  • 87
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    What we know about the skills and early labour market outcomes of refugees from Ukraine (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe ウクライナ難民のスキルと初期の労働市場の成果について
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Ukrainer ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Even though much uncertainty remains regarding the length of stay of Ukrainian refugees in host countries, continued fighting has dimmed prospects of an early return and the issue of labour market integration is becoming increasingly pertinent. Finding gainful employment commensurate with refugees’ educational and professional qualifications supports new arrivals in becoming self-sufficient and boosts the local economy. It also enables them to use and possibly further enhance their skills, which is crucial for the future recovery of Ukraine. This policy response outlines the existing evidence on the socio-economic profiles and labour market integration of Ukrainian refugees in OECD countries as well as relevant policies to further support labour market integration. Findings suggest that the labour market inclusion of Ukrainian refugees has been faster compared to other refugee groups. That said, much of the early employment uptake by Ukrainian refugees has been concentrated in low-skilled jobs, thus skills mismatches are widespread.
    DOI: 10.1787/c7e694aa-en
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  • 88
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    Rapport de PARIS21 sur le soutien des partenaires à la statistique 2022 : L’urgent financement de meilleures données pour le développement (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264690202 , 9789264342262 , 9789264483200
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The PARIS21 Partner Report on Support to Statistics 2022: A Wake-Up Call to Finance Better Data
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Informe de PARIS21 sobre el Apoyo de los Socios a las Estadísticas 2022 : Un Llamado de Alerta para Financiar Datos Mejores
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La moitié du temps imparti pour atteindre les objectifs de développement durable se sera bientôt écoulée, et les plus pauvres et les plus vulnérables risquent de se retrouver laissés pour compte en raison d’un manque cruel de données. Le Rapport de PARIS21 sur le soutien des partenaires à la statistique 2022 attire l’attention sur l’insuffisance du financement des données et de la statistique, une insuffisance qui s’est aggravée en 2020 en partie seulement à cause de la pandémie de COVID-19. Dans un contexte mondial de détérioration de la situation en matière de développement et d’augmentation du nombre de menaces complexes, les dirigeants doivent réaffirmer leur engagement à faire des données et de la statistique des éléments centraux de politiques efficaces. Rapport phare de PARIS21, le Rapport sur le soutien des partenaires à la statistique est l’analyse annuelle la plus complète du financement des données et de la statistique par les bailleurs de fonds. Révélant pour la première fois les répercussions de la crise de la COVID-19 sur le soutien à la statistique, cette édition 2022 plaide en faveur d’un regain d’intérêt pour les données et la statistique afin que le monde puisse surmonter les crises à venir.
    DOI: 10.1787/aa1a24c6-fr
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  • 89
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Portugal 2023 (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264878785 , 9789264918658 , 9789264946125
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Portugal 2023
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: Le Portugal a réussi à découpler plusieurs pressions environnementales de la croissance économique entre 2013 et 2019. Il a joué un rôle de premier plan dans l'approbation de la loi européenne sur le climat et a adopté la Loi-cadre portugaise sur le climat en 2021. Celle-ci doit être rapidement mise en œuvre pour atteindre la neutralité carbone d'ici 2050, améliorer la résilience aux effets du changement climatique et protéger les écosystèmes. Le Portugal a intensifié ses efforts d'adaptation, mais doit en faire davantage pour faire face aux multiples menaces, notamment l'érosion côtière, les inondations, les sécheresses et les feux de forêt. Le pays est à la traîne en matière de gestion des déchets. Par ailleurs, l'augmentation des prélèvements d'eau douce dans les régions du sud, où l'eau est rare, est préoccupante. Il s'agit du quatrième examen des performances environnementales du Portugal. Il fournit une évaluation, fondée sur des faits, des progrès du pays vers ses objectifs environnementaux au cours de la dernière décennie. Les 26 recommandations visent à aider le Portugal à améliorer ses performances environnementales, en accordant une attention particulière à la neutralité carbone. La présente version abrégée contient le résumé, de même que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport. Le rapport complet est disponible en anglais sur le site web de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/68938406-fr
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  • 90
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    Assessing the Impact of Russia’s War against Ukraine on Eastern Partner Countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264525313 , 9789264592292 , 9789264995352
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Armenien ; Aserbaidschan ; Georgien ; Moldawien ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Trade ; Armenia ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Moldova, Republic of ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Russia’s war against Ukraine is causing a humanitarian, social and economic crisis for the Ukrainian people. The consequences of this full-scale military invasion are disrupting the global supply of commodities, sharply increasing food and energy prices, and threating the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries with established commercial and financial ties with the economies of Russia and Ukraine appear to be particularly vulnerable. Assessing the Impact of Russia’s War against Ukraine on Eastern Partner Countries investigates the exposure of Eastern Partner countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) to the economic shocks caused by the war, and in particular through the impact that the conflict is having on inflation, migration, remittances, investment and trade. This report is published as part of the multi-country project “EU4Business: From Policies to Action – phase 2”, implemented in the Eastern Partnership with the financial support of the European Union within the EU4Business initiative.
    DOI: 10.1787/946a936c-en
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  • 91
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    OECD Development Co‑operation Peer Reviews: New Zealand 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264596856 , 9789264518223 , 9789264542099
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Nouvelle-Zélande 2023
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Neuseeland ; Development ; New Zealand
    Abstract: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts peer reviews of individual members once every five to six years. Reviews seek to improve the quality and effectiveness of members’ development co-operation, highlighting good practices and recommending improvements. New Zealand is a valued partner in the Pacific where most of its official development assistance (ODA) is delivered. Led by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, its commitment to national and regional ownership, efforts to draw on indigenous knowledge and values, and scaled-up climate finance commitments attest to New Zealand’s engagement and relevance. This peer review provides recommendations for New Zealand to make the most of the closer integration of foreign and development policy in the Pacific, reinforce human resources, enable efficient and effective decision making, strengthen transparency, build public understanding of development, foster the linkages between climate-related investments and other priorities, and establish a plan for increasing ODA to deliver on New Zealand’s strategic goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/10883ac5-en
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  • 92
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    Towards a National Circular Economy Strategy for Hungary (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264595521 , 9789264797598 , 9789264945173
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (249 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Ungarn ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Hungary
    Abstract: The growing demand for raw materials in the Hungarian economy projected up to 2050 is expected to exert significant additional pressure on the environment, putting the country at risk of missing important environmental goals and opportunities to strengthen the competitiveness and resilience of its economy. Despite the notable progress in decoupling environmental pressures from economic activities over the past 20 years, several challenges remain. The transition to a circular economy has significant potential to address these challenges. To fully realise the circular potential of its economy, Hungary will need to adopt a comprehensive circular economy policy framework. This report outlines a set of key elements for the development of the Hungarian national circular economy strategy and action plan. It identifies priority areas that are deemed critical to the Hungarian circular economy transition, including: biomass and food, construction and plastics, as well as cross-cutting horizontal tools to facilitate an economy-wide circular transition. It also provides 45 policy recommendations and suggests specific implementation actions across the priority areas for the short, medium and long term.
    DOI: 10.1787/1178c379-en
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  • 93
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    “Who does what” for active labour market policies : A zoom on the role of subnational governments (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/09
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper maps “who does what” across levels of government in OECD countries in relation to active labour market policies (ALMPs), with a focus on the role of subnational governments. It highlights recent reforms in the multi-level governance of ALMPs in a number of countries, and shows that in about two out of five OECD countries, subnational governments have some type of formal competences for delivering ALMPs. It also shows other ways subnational governments are commonly involved in such policies. This includes delivering their own labour market programmes, often targeted to those farthest from the labour market or facing multiple barriers to employment. Finally, it considers some of the benefits and drawbacks of more decentralised approaches to ALMPs and offers some general principles for managing these trade-offs across different types of governance systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/d8d6868d-en
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  • 94
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    Beyond Applause? Improving Working Conditions in Long-Term Care (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264646094 , 9789264658349 , 9789264445581
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Au-delà des applaudissements ? Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le secteur des soins de longue durée (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Häusliche Pflege ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Pflegeberufe ; Pflegefinanzierung ; Pflegeversicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents an in-depth cross-country analysis of how long-term care workers fare along the different dimensions of job quality. In the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the applause for care workers was a clear expression of the strong recognition of their hard work and exposure to risks in their job. However, as the applause faded after the peak of the crisis, questions have re-emerged about how to improve the working conditions of long-term care workers in a sustainable way. Over the coming decades, the demand for these workers will increase substantially. Several countries are already facing shortages as the large baby-boom generation joins the older population. To go Beyond Applause, a comprehensive policy strategy is needed to tackle poor working conditions and insufficient social recognition of long-term care work, attract workers in the sector and avoid labour shortages reaching unacceptable levels. Such a strategy should cover several dimensions, with different priorities across countries depending on their specific context, including: direct interventions to raise wages and increase staff requirements; increasing public financing and fostering the leading role by governments; supporting collective bargaining and social dialogue; strengthening training; increasing use of new technologies; and, strengthening health prevention policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/27d33ab3-en
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  • 95
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Iceland 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264354050 , 9789264864047 , 9789264415751
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Islande 2023
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Island ; Development ; Iceland ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts peer reviews of individual members once every five to six years. Reviews seek to improve the quality and effectiveness of members’ development co-operation, highlighting good practices and recommending improvements. Iceland adopts a partner-led, poverty-focused and long-term approach with its three partner countries and relies on multilateral partners to complement its bilateral portfolio. Iceland successfully advances gender equality and new framework agreements with civil society have strengthened partnerships. This peer review provides a set of recommendations for Iceland to remain focused in its 2024-28 development co-operation policy and forthcoming environment and climate strategy, build on recent official development assistance (ODA) volume increases to develop a concrete roadmap towards 0.7% GNI as ODA, and adopt a strategic workforce plan to address human resource constraints. It recommends that GRÓ training programmes prioritise strengthening partner institutions’ capacity and that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs works to ensure additionality and sustainability when engaging with the private sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/a1552817-en
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  • 96
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    Doing green things: skills, reallocation, and the green transition (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1763
    Keywords: Employment ; Economics
    Abstract: The need to rapidly decarbonise economies raises questions about whether countries’ workforces possess the requisite skills to achieve the net zero transition as well as the capacity to redeploy workers from “brown” to “green” jobs. This paper applies a task-based framework to granular data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) and country-specific employment sources to generate new indicators of the green skills structure of labour markets for a large number of OECD countries and non-OECD EU countries. Significant cross-country differences emerge in the underlying supply of green skill and the potential of economies to reallocate brown job workers to green jobs within their broad occupation categories. In a majority of detailed brown occupations, workers have in principle the necessary skills to transition to green jobs, with the exception of those in production occupations, who may require more extensive re-skilling. In contrast, workers from most highly automatable occupations are generally not found to have the sufficient skills to transition to green jobs, suggesting more limited scope for the net-zero transition to reinstate labour displaced by automation.
    DOI: 10.1787/286a5007-en
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  • 97
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    The OECD Skills Profiling Tool: A new instrument to improve career decisions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.293
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper documents the development and piloting of the OECD Skills Profiling Tool. The OECD Skills Profiling Tool assesses three types of skills: occupation-specific skills; foundational skills (literacy, numeracy and digital skills); and a set of noncognitive skills using academically validated self-reported tests. After completion of the assessment, the OECD Skills Profiling Tool generates two sets of results: a personalised skill profile, which can be benchmarked against other users; and a list of suggested occupations that make use of those skills. In December 2021, 270 users and 38 career guidance counsellors in Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru tested the OECD Skills Profiling Tool. This paper describes the selection of assessment instruments, the methodology used to generate the results provided by the OECD Skills Profiling Tool and the outcomes of the piloting phase of the tool.
    DOI: 10.1787/598ff539-en
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  • 98
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: United States 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273498 , 9789264665484 , 9789264580060
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (169 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; USA ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; United States ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: The United States, the world’s largest economy, has made progress in reducing several environmental pressures while maintaining one of the highest Gross Domestic Products per capita in the world. It has decoupled emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants, water abstractions and domestic material consumption from economic and population growth. However, high consumption levels, intensive agricultural practices, climate change and urban sprawl continue to put pressure on the natural environment. Despite the recent acceleration of action to address climate change, further efforts are needed to achieve the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The United States is also among the major contributors to marine litter with serious consequences for communities and the environment. The review provides 30 recommendations to help the United States improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on marine litter and a cross-cutting focus on environmental justice. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of the United States. It provides an independent, evidence-based evaluation of the country’s environmental performance over the past decade.
    DOI: 10.1787/47675117-en
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  • 99
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    Applying a Human Rights and Gender Equality Lens to the OECD Evaluation Criteria (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Menschenrechte ; Gleichberechtigung ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Development
    Abstract: This publication responds to the need for practical guidance for evaluators, evaluation managers, and programme staff to incorporate a human rights and gender equality lens into the six OECD evaluation criteria: relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability. It aims to support evaluators and evaluation managers in the design, management and delivery of credible and useful evaluations that assess whether and how interventions contribute to realising human rights and gender equality – both, interventions with explicit human rights related objectives and those without. It also provides broader guidance to programme staff in applying the six criteria with a human rights and gender equality lens at the outset of an intervention and addresses the main considerations and challenges in doing so.
    DOI: 10.1787/9aaf2f98-en
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  • 100
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    Disability, Work and Inclusion in Korea : Towards Equitable and Adequate Social Protection for Sick Workers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264474857 , 9789264849112 , 9789264719798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Behinderte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Lohnfortzahlung ; Behindertenpolitik ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Many people with health problems or disabilities leave the labour market permanently even if they still can and want to work. This can lead to low income and reduced social engagement. Governments and employers can help create an environment that supports job retention and a return to work in such situations. This report looks at one critical policy lever: the role of paid sick leave and sickness benefits in protecting workers’ health, jobs and incomes. Korea is among the very few OECD countries without statutory social protection for sick workers and is currently considering closing this gap in its welfare system. This report provides an overview of key features of sickness insurance systems in OECD countries and draws policy lessons for Korea to introduce equitable and adequate social protection for sick workers with a robust return-to-work component and financially sustainable payments that encourage employer involvement.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf947f82-en
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