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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (47)
  • Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
  • Agriculture and Food  (47)
  • Economics  (47)
  • Medicine
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural Policies for Poverty Reduction (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264112902
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agricultural policies for poverty reduction
    RVK:
    QS 700
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Ländliches Einkommen ; Armut ; Ernährungssicherung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Armut ; Bekämpfung ; Agrarpolitik ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungsländer ; Armut ; Bekämpfung ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: With more than two-thirds of the world’s poor living in rural areas, higher rural incomes are a pre-requisite for sustained poverty reduction and reduced hunger. This volume sets out a strategy for raising rural incomes which emphasises the creation of diversified rural economies with opportunities within and outside agriculture. Agricultural policies need to be integrated within an overall mix of policies and institutional reforms that facilitate, rather than impede, structural change. By investing in public goods, such as infrastructure and agricultural research, and by building effective social safety nets, governments can limit the role of less efficient policies such as price controls and input subsidies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264112902-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Agricultural Policy Reforms in the European Union (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264112124
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluation des réformes des politiques agricoles de l'Union européenne
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Evaluation of agricultural policy reforms in the European Union
    DDC: 338.1/84
    RVK:
    QS 700
    Keywords: EU-Agrarpolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; EU-Staaten ; Agrarreform ; Evaluation ; Agriculture and Food ; European Union ; Europa ; Electronic books ; Europäische Union ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of the main characteristics and structure of the current Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and its developments in the last 25 years in a changing environment within and outside the EU. Drawing on material presented at the OECD Workshop on the Disaggregated Impacts of CAP Reform, held on 10-11 March 2010, and model-based scenarios, it analyses the impacts of policy changes on production, trade, land use, farm structure, the environment and some aspects of rural development, using changes in the level and composition of OECD indicators of support, notably the Producer Support Estimate (PSE). This report further suggests improvements in the market orientation, competitiveness and risk management at all levels of the food chain, and pleads for clarifying the link between policy measures and objectives through better targeting, and strengthening evidence on which to base policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264112124-en
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Fisheries : While Stocks Last? (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079915 , 9789264107175
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pêcheries ; Jusqu'à l'épuisement des stocks ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pêcheries : Jusqu'à l'épuisement des stocks ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Love, Patrick Fisheries
    RVK:
    QT 500
    Keywords: Fischwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Economics ; Fischerei ; Fischbestand ; Fischverarbeitung ; Fischhandel ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Weltpolitik
    Abstract: The fish on your plate may have been caught by a high-tech trawler, trapped by a lone fisher, farmed along with tons of others, or even stolen by pirates. It may have been captured in the South Atlantic, landed in Europe, and processed in China. Globalisation, North-South relations, changing attitudes and lifestyles, and the way we manage natural resources all influence fisheries. This book uses the expertise of the OECD to assess these issues, and describes the challenges facing those who work in the industry. Apart from the fishers themselves and their families, it also draws on the points of view of NGOs, government specialists, scientists and independent experts. This book includes StatLinks, URLs under graphs and tables linking to Excel® spreadsheets showing the underlying data "We at International Aquafeed would recommend this to anyone involved in marine fishing and even to those in aquaculture to and aqua policy development as a foundation document for future decision-making. Well done Patrick Love." -The Aquaculturists Blog
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079915-en
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  • 4
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    Guidelines for Cost-effective Agri-environmental Policy Measures (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264086845
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lignes directrices pour des mesures agroenvironnementales efficaces
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Guidelines for cost-effective agri-environmental policy measures
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Umweltpolitik ; Ökologischer Landbau ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Agrarpolitik ; Biologischer Landbau
    Abstract: Improving the environmental performance of agriculture is a high priority in OECD and many non-OECD countries. This will be of increasing concern in the future given the pressure to feed a growing world population with scarce land and water resources. Policy has an important role to play where markets for many of the environmental outcomes from agriculture are absent or poorly functioning. This study focuses on the design and implementation of environmental standards and regulations, taxes, payments and tradable permit schemes to address agri-environmental issues. It deals with the choice of policy instruments and the design of specific instruments, with the aim of identifying those that are most cost-effective in very different situations across OECD countries. Key conclusions from the study are that: there is no unique instrument that promises to achieve all agri-environmental policy goals; the cost effectiveness of payments systems could be improved by using performance-based measures; and policy mixes need to combine policy instruments that complement and not conflict with each other.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264086845-en
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  • 5
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    Climate Change and Agriculture : Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264086876
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Wreford, Anita Climate change and agriculture
    RVK:
    AR 23100
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Klimaänderung ; Landwirtschaft ; Klimaänderung ; Landwirtschaft ; Treibhausgas ; Klimaänderung ; Landwirtschaft ; Entscheidung bei Unsicherheit
    Abstract: Climate change is likely to have significant impacts on the agricultural sector to which farmers will have to adapt. While agriculture is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, it is also a source of carbon storage in soils. This report examines the economic and policy issues related to the impacts of climate change on agriculture and adaptation responses and to the mitigation of greenhouse gases from agriculture. It outlines research undertaken and underway in other national and international research agencies. It also highlights some of the knowledge gaps on the impacts of climate change on food production and the uncertainties of those impacts in a global context that warrant further research efforts. In particular, the report analyses marginal abatement cost curves, which show the relative costs of achieving reductions in greenhouse gas emission through the implementation of different actions in the agricultural sector. The aim of the report is to help guide policy makers in the design of policies to address climate change issues in agriculture.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264086876-en
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  • 6
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    Linkages between Agricultural Policies and Environmental Effects : Using the OECD Stylised Agri-environmental Policy Impact Model (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264095700
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les liens entre les politiques agricoles et leurs effets sur l'environnement ; Le modèle simplifié d'impact des politiques agroenvironnementales de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Linkages between agricultural policies and environmental effects
    RVK:
    QS 700
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Ökologischer Landbau ; Agrarpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik ; Umweltschutz
    Abstract: Improving the environmental performance of agriculture is a high priority for OECD countries. But measuring and evaluating the impact of agri-environmental policies on the environment can be challenging, as it requires linking economic and biophysical models in country-specific contexts. The OECD has developed the Stylised Agri-environmental Policy Impact Model (SAPIM), which can be adapted and applied by researchers and policy makers to better understand the impact of policies on the agri-environment conditions in their countries. This report applies the model to representative farms in Finland, Japan, Switzerland and the United States. These countries include a wide range of objectives, policy measures and agri-environmental conditions. The results highlight that when positive or negative environmental externalities are not taken into account by farmers then the production choices by farmers will reflect private costs and benefits. Policies can potentially raise social welfare by taking account of those externalities. This report notes that, overall, the diversity of conditions across sectors and countries makes it difficult to generalise the impact of agri-environmental policies beyond the situations that are modeled. Nevertheless, some wider policy messages emerge. Drawing on the four case studies examined, this report recommends that; polluting activites that are not regulated should be included in policy design; the existing overall policy environment needs to be taken into account in evaluating agri-environmental policies; and environmental co-benefits and trade-offs need to be recognised. Green growth policies can stimulate economic growth while preventing environmental degradation, biodiversity loss and unsustainable natural resource use. The results from this publication contribute to the Green Growth Strategy being developed by the OECD as a practical policy package for governments to harness the potential of greener growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264095700-en
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  • 7
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    Measuring Innovation : A New Perspective (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer l'innovation ; Un nouveau regard
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring innovation
    DDC: 338.064
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Keywords: Innovation ; Innovationsmanagement ; Education ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; OECD*Innovation*Messverfahren*Indikator*Forschungsbericht*Globalisierung*Bildungsabschluss*Mobilität*Bildungspolitik*Neue Technologien*Kooperation*Regierung*Interdisziplinarität*öffentliche Trägerschaft*Private Trägerschaft*Welt*Europa*Asien*Australien*Afrika*Nordamerika*Südamerika ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Innovation ; Unternehmen ; Innovationsmanagement
    Abstract: Measuring Innovation: A New Perspective presents new measures and new ways of looking at traditional indicators. It builds on 50 years of indicator development by OECD and goes beyond R&D to describe the broader context in which innovation occurs. It includes some experimental indicators that provide insight into new areas of policy interest. It highlights measurement gaps and proposes directions for advancing the measurement agenda. This publication begins by describing innovation today. It looks at what is driving innovation in firms, and how the scientific and research landscape is being reconfigured by convergence, interdisciplinarity and the new geography of innovation hot spots. It presents broader measures of innovation, for example using new indicators of investment in intangible assets and trademarks. Human capital is the basic input of innovation, and a series of indicators looks at how well education systems are contributing to the knowledge and research bases. Further series examine how firms transform skills and knowledge, and shed light on the different roles of public and private investment in fostering innovation and reaping its rewards, with concrete examples from major global challenges such as health and climate change. Measuring Innovation is a major step towards evidence-based innovation policy making. It complements traditional “positioning”-type indicators with ones that show how innovation is, or could be, linked to policy. It also recognises that much more remains to be done, and points to the measurement challenges statisticians, researchers and policy makers alike need to address.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059474-en
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  • 8
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    Natural Resources and Pro-Poor Growth : The Economics and Politics (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060258
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ressources naturelles et croissance pro-pauvres ; Enjeux économiques et politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ressources naturelles et croissance pro-pauvres : Enjeux économiques et politiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Natural resources and pro-poor growth
    RVK:
    QG 020
    Keywords: Natürliche Ressourcen ; Armut ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: This publication demonstrates that natural resources can contribute to growth, employment, exports and fiscal revenues in low-income countries, where natural capital constitutes a quarter of total wealth. It highlights the importance of policies encouraging the sustainable management of these resources. Moreover, it emphasises the need to address the political challenges of natural-resource management for long-term pro-poor economic growth. Part I provides an overview of the economics and politics of natural resources. It describes the unique features of natural resources and resulting management challenges, the role of sustainable natural resource management in supporting pro-poor growth, and the politics and governance of natural resources. It then offers recommendations for policy makers on how to support the approaches advocated in the paper. Part II examines these issues with respect to seven specific natural-resource sectors: fisheries, forests, wildlife and ecotourism, soil productivity, water security, minerals and renewable energy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060258-en
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  • 9
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    Reducing Fishing Capacity : Best Practices for Decommissioning Schemes (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réduction de la capacité de pêche ; Bonnes pratiques en matière de plans de sortie de flotte
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Cox, Anthony Reducing fishing capacity
    RVK:
    QT 500
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; Produktionskapazität ; Fischschutz ; Fish populations ; Fisheries Economic aspects ; Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Fishes Conservation ; Agriculture and Food ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Fischereipolitik ; Fischerei ; Fischbestand ; Kapazitätsmanagement
    Abstract: Too many fishing vessels chasing too few fish is a persistent problem in many countries. To address this, governments often turn to vessel decommissioning schemes as a means of adjusting fishing capacity to match available fish resources. This report presents a set of best practice guidelines on the design and implementation of decommissioning schemes. By drawing on case studies of decommissioning schemes from OECD and non-OECD countries, it provides policy makers and fisheries managers with detailed analysis of the economic issues surrounding decommissioning schemes.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 111 - 116 , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Réduction de la capacité de pêche
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044418-en
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  • 10
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    Agricultural Support, Farm Land Values and Sectoral Adjustment : The Implications for Policy Reform (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Soutien à l'agriculture, valeur des actifs fonciers et ajustement sectoriel ; Conséquences pour la réforme
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Soutien à l'agriculture, valeur des actifs fonciers et ajustement sectoriel : Conséquences pour la réforme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Huang, Hsin Agricultural support, farm land values and sectoral adjustement
    RVK:
    PN 981.754
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Agrarsubvention ; Agrarboden ; Bodenpreis ; OECD-Staaten ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Land tenure Government policy ; Land use Planning ; Agriculture and Food ; Landwirtschaft ; Subvention ; Wirkung ; Vermögensentwicklung ; Strukturanpassung
    Abstract: Governments intervene in the agricultural sector through policies that both support and shape agricultural production. This leads to two important outcomes. First, agriculture specific programmes intended to increase the welfare of farmers can become capitalised into asset values. Second, many policies, in particular regulatory ones, reduce asset mobility, resulting in reduced economic efficiency due a sub-optimal allocation of resources. This study focuses on the capitalisation of government support into land rents and prices. It assesses the consequences of inflated asset values, and suggests lessons for future policy making.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031739-en
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  • 11
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    Business for Development 2008 : Promoting Commercial Agriculture in Africa (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044708
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entreprendre pour le développement 2008 ; Promouvoir les échanges commerciaux agricoles en Afrique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Business for development [2008]
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Agraraußenhandel ; Agroindustrie ; Afrika ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Trade ; Afrika ; Landwirtschaft ; Afrika ; Agraraußenhandel ; Agrobusiness
    Abstract: The changing pattern of international agricultural trade has profound implications for Africa. The book’s authors discuss these trade flows, map the corporate landscape of agro-food, (including the emergent indigenous sector), and assess trends in international development co-operation in the corporate sector. Particular focus is given to “aid for trade” programmes that try to foster private-sector development and trade-capacity building. A final chapter, drawing lessons from five country case studies, provides evidence of the (in)effectiveness of government intervention and donor programmes to promote the marketing of African agriculture.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044708-en
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  • 12
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    Fishing for Coherence in West Africa : Policy Coherence in the Fisheries Sector in Seven West African Countries (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040595
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cohérence des politiques en matière de développement dans le secteur des pêches en Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fishing for coherence in West Africa
    RVK:
    QG 700
    Keywords: Fischerei ; Fischereipolitik ; Westafrika ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Westafrika ; Fischereipolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Fisheries represent up to 30% of state budget revenues in West African countries and employ 7 million people in West and Central Africa. If the sector is to develop, or simply continue to exist at present levels, a number of policy challenges will have to be addressed. The number of issues is vast, ranging from illiteracy to EU trade policy. The Sahel and West Africa Club (SWAC) and the OECD Fisheries Division are working with regional organisations to help them address the question of policy coherence. This book provides not only an analytical framework adapted to the local context, but also an action framework based on the facts and realities in the field in order to improve the coherence of fisheries policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040595-en
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  • 13
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    Multifunctionality in Agriculture : Evaluating the degree of jointness, policy implications (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033627
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multifunctionality in agriculture
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Agrarproduktion ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Ökologischer Landbau ; Ernährungssicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and state Congresses ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Congresses ; Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Congresses ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Agrarproduktion ; Externer Effekt ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Umweltveränderung ; Lebensmittelversorgung
    Abstract: These proceedings examine the nature and strength of jointness between agricultural commodity production and non-commodity outputs from the perspective of three areas important to the agricultural sector: rural development, environmental externalities and food security. This workshop also examined whether the relationships among these non-commodity outputs were complementary or competing. Finally, the policy implications that could be derived from the findings of this workshop were also a key element in the discussions and are summarised in the Rapporteur’s summary.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033627-en
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  • 14
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    Biofuel Support Policies: An Economic Assessment (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050112
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques de soutien des biocarburants ; une évaluation économique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Biofuel support policies
    DDC: 662
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Keywords: Biokraftstoff ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; USA ; EU-Staaten ; Kanada ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Electronic books ; Bioenergie ; Umweltpolitik ; Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung
    Abstract: Governments in many OECD countries, as well as in a number of countries outside the OECD area, actively promote the production and use of alternative transport fuels made from agricultural commodities. This report, jointly produced by the OECD and the IEA and drawing on information from a number of other organisations, analyses the implications of this support from various perspectives. The report shows that the high level of policy support contributes little to reduced greenhouse-gas emissions and other policy objectives, while it adds to a range of factors that raise international prices for food commodities. It concludes that there are alternatives to current support policies for biofuels that would more effectively allow governments to achieve their objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050112-en
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  • 15
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    Effective Targeting of Agricultural Policies : Best Practices for Policy Design and Implementation (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264038288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ciblage efficace des politiques agricoles ; Bonnes pratiques pour le développement et la mise en œuvre de politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ciblage efficace des politiques agricoles : Bonnes pratiques pour le développement et la mise en œuvre de politiques
    RVK:
    QS 700
    Keywords: Agriculture and state OECD countries ; Agriculture and Food ; Agrarpolitik ; Zielbildung ; Einkommenspolitik ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Agricultural policies are dominated by broad measures such as market price support and general payments to all land, animals or farmers. As a result, it is often difficult to associate a particular policy with any specific objective. Recognising the challenge facing policy makers who wish to design more precisely targeted policies, this study defines the operational characteristics of targeted policies and illustrates best practice with concrete examples. The relationship between target variables and objectives is explored and practical ways to define targets or actions are also examined.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264038288-en
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  • 16
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    Sugar Policy Reform in the European Union and in World Sugar Markets (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040212
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Smith, Garry L. Sugar policy reform in the European Union and in world sugar markets
    RVK:
    QS 200
    Keywords: Zucker ; Außenhandel ; Zuckerpolitik ; Gemeinsame Marktorganisation ; Zuckermarkt ; Handelsliberalisierung ; EU-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; European Union ; Europäische Union ; Zuckerproduktion ; Agrarpolitik ; Zuckerweltmarkt
    Abstract: This publication looks at the importance of the EU sugar industry in the global sugar market. It analyses how sugar reforms adopted by the EU council in 2006 have led to market changes. The first part of this report looks at what might happen if complete policy reform and full trade liberalisation took place. This gives the reader insight into the impact that sugar support policies have had in making this industry one of the most heavily subsidised, protected and distorted agricultural commodities markets. The effect that sugar support policies in the EU and worldwide have made to production and trade developments in other countries are also highlighted. The second part of this report looks forward, to examine how the sugar market may evolve up to 2015 in light of the sugar policy changes which were introduced in 2006. Finally, an initial evaluation of the EU sugar policy reform is made in light of the OECD Ministerial principles for agricultural policy reform. DYK: The wages of sugar farmers in the EU are three times above the world average
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040212-en
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  • 17
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    Agricultural Policy and Trade Reform : The Impact on World Commodity Markets (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264027886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (97 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réforme des politiques et des échanges agricoles ; Incidences sur les marchés mondiaux des produits de base
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réforme des politiques et des échanges agricoles : Incidences sur les marchés mondiaux des produits de base
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Liapis, Peter S. Agricultural policy and trade reform
    RVK:
    QS 200
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Verteilungswirkung ; Welt ; Agriculture and state ; Commercial policy ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Industriestaaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agraraußenhandelspolitik ; Protektionismus ; Liberalisierung ; Agrarweltmarkt ; Preisänderung
    Abstract: The governments of most developed, and many developing, countries impose border measures—tariffs, tariff rate quotas and export subsidies—to boost the domestic market prices of agricultural commodities. In some OECD countries, governments also provide financial support to their agricultural sector through other means, such as direct budgetary payments, production quotas and marketing-loan programs. These interventions typically distort the allocation of resources, leading to sub-optimal production and consumption decisions. Widespread agricultural policy reform would undoubtedly improve the global allocation of resources. But, due to differential protection levels and policy instruments across commodities and among countries, reform can also produce a complex pattern of adjustments, some of which may appear to be counter-intuitive. Using a partial-equilibrium agricultural commodity model with rich policy detail, this study examines the market impacts of agricultural policy reform annually over a 10-year horizon. The study finds that the biggest impacts of agricultural policy reform would be on world dairy markets. Including the effect of non-agricultural liberalisation from a general-equilibrium model does not meaningfully alter results, suggesting that sectoral analysis in many cases is sufficient. Also in this series: Agricultural Policy and Trade Reform: Potential Effects at Global, National and Household Levels
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264027886-en
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  • 18
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    Promoting Pro-Poor Growth : Policy Guidance for Donors (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024786
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (319 p.)
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance pro-pauvres ; Orientations à l'intention des donneurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance pro-pauvres : Orientations à l'intention des donneurs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting pro-poor growth
    RVK:
    QG 020
    Keywords: Armut ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Privatwirtschaft ; Landwirtschaft ; Infrastruktur ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: For aid donors, the pro-poor growth agenda is not business as usual and more of the same will not be sufficient. Focusing on pro-poor growth and income poverty, Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Policy Guidance for Donors identifies binding constraints and offers policies and strategies to address them. Policy recommendations aim to help change donor behaviour and pave the way for more effective development co-operation in these areas. This compendium pays special attention to the role of private sector development, agriculture and infrastructure in pro-poor growth – areas that were neglected by many donors during the 1990s but are currently receiving renewed attention in the international development agenda. It also presents a methodology for conducting ex-ante poverty impact assessment, a valuable tool for those whose aim is to maximise the poverty reducing impacts of development interventions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024786-en
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  • 19
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    The Implementation Costs of Agricultural Policies (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024540
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les coûts de mise en oeuvre des politiques agricoles
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The implementation costs of agricultural policies
    RVK:
    QS 700
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Policy-Mix ; Transaktionskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Concerns about the cost of implementing and monitoring agricultural policies are mounting with the development of more decoupled and targeted policies. While these costs are inherent in the policy process, reducing them will bring benefits in terms of better use of public funds, and minimising the overall economic costs of policies. The report suggests ways to do so without compromising the aims of the policies. Ways to reduce costs include sharing experiences across agencies, regions or countries, exploiting already existing administrative networks, integrating government and private information systems, reducing the number of agencies and using the latest information technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024540-en
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  • 20
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    Fishing for Coherence : Proceedings of the Workshop on Policy Coherence for Development in Fisheries (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264025301
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (253 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fishing for coherence
    RVK:
    QG 020
    RVK:
    QT 500
    Keywords: Fischerei ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Fischerei ; Fischereipolitik
    Abstract: Some 500 million USD are spent annually on fisheries development projects. But fisheries access agreements and trade policies are sometimes applied in ways that dampen developing countries' ability to benefit fully from their rich marine resources. Also, many development projects do not pay sufficient regard to the sustainability issues that are a key for the future of the fishing sector. This publication, a compilation of papers from the Workshop on Policy Coherence for Development in Fisheries, addresses these issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264025301-en
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  • 21
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    Environment, Water Resources and Agricultural Policies : Lessons from China and OECD Countries (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264028470
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environment, water resources and agricultural policies
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Keywords: Ökologischer Landbau ; Wasser ; Wasserpolitik ; China ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Government policy ; China ; Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Government policy ; OECD countries ; Environmental policy China ; Environmental policy OECD countries ; Water quality management China ; Water quality management OECD countries ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; China, People’s Republic ; Konferenzschrift 2006 ; China ; Agrarpolitik ; Wasserreserve ; Ökosystem ; Umweltpolitik ; China ; Agrarpolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Wasserreserve ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Umweltschutz
    Abstract: China's endowment of water resources is extremely low, poorly distributed, and increasingly polluted. With agriculture being one of the main consumers of water, China's future development depends on initiatives that will raise the efficiency and efficacy of water use. These workshop proceedings examine the current situation in China, look at what is being done in OECD countries to manage water resources, and suggest policy options for China.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264028470-en
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  • 22
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    Using Market Mechanisms to Manage Fisheries : Smoothing the Path (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264036581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les mécanismes du marché au service de la pêche ; Comment faciliter leur utilisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les mécanismes du marché au service de la pêche
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Using market mechanisms to manage fisheries
    RVK:
    QT 500
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Island ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Norwegen ; Spanien ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Agriculture and Food ; Fischerei ; Management ; Marktmechanismus
    Abstract: In demystifying the concept of market-like instruments, this study explains how to make better use of market-like instruments in fisheries management by identifying practical steps that can be taken to further their use. The findings of the study are based on a survey of the use of market-like instruments in OECD fisheries in which the key characteristics of these instruments in different countries are identified. It finds that market-like instruments have generally improved the economic efficiency of the sector, and have helped to ensure the sustainability of fish stocks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264036581-en
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  • 23
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    Financial Support to Fisheries : Implications for Sustainable Development (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264036642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (378 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les aides financières au secteur de la pêche ; Leurs répercussions sur le développement durable
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Financial support to fisheries
    RVK:
    QT 500
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Fischerei ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Fischerei ; Subvention ; Transferzahlung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; OECD ; Fischwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Finanzierungshilfe
    Abstract: OECD governments pay out around USD 6 billion a year to support the fisheries sector. Some of this expenditure is provided to help ensure the effective management of fisheries through the provision of research, administrative and enforcement services. However, its effects on economic profitability and resource sustainability are open to debate. Such support has often been linked to over-fishing and over-capitalisation, and its reform may lead to improved economic, environmental and social outcomes. This report analyses the impacts of such transfers from a sustainable development perspective by addressing the economic, environmental and social dimensions of financial transfers. Through this innovative focus, this study will deepen policy makers’ understanding of the complex issues at play in the fisheries sector — a sector that is characterised by ongoing concerns regarding economic profitability, community resilience, and resource sustainability.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264036642-en
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  • 24
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    Agricultural and Fisheries Policies in Mexico : Recent Achievements, Continuing the Reform Agenda (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030251
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Política Agropecuaria y Pesquera en México ; Logros Recientes, Continuación de las Reformas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Política Agropecuaria y Pesquera en México : Logros Recientes, Continuación de las Reformas
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agricultural and fisheries policies in Mexico
    RVK:
    QG 630
    RVK:
    QS 700
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Fischereipolitik ; Mexiko ; Agriculture and Food ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Agrarpolitik ; Fischereipolitik
    Abstract: This report analyses the effects of Mexico’s ambitious reforms to agricultural and fisheries policies since 1990 and makes recommendations for further reforms. The evaluation is based on criteria for good agricultural and fisheries policy as agreed to by OECD countries. Such criteria, if implemented, would support economically healthy sectors that contribute to the wider economy, respect natural resources and use inputs effectively without resorting to distorting subsidies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030251-en
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  • 25
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    Cotton in West Africa : The Economic and Social Stakes (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264025066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le coton en Afrique de l'Ouest ; Un enjeu économique et social
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cotton in West Africa
    RVK:
    QS 200
    RVK:
    RS 39000
    Keywords: Baumwollanbau ; Baumwollindustrie ; Baumwolle ; Außenhandel ; Westafrika ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Trade ; Westafrika ; Baumwollanbau ; Baumwollhandel
    Abstract: In West Africa, approximately 16 million people depend directly or indirectly on cotton cultivation. But subsidies in the developed world have suppressed cotton prices and have made it difficult for West African producers to compete. Compounding the problem, WTO negotiations on the problem have been suspended. This publication contends that the dialogue between developed and developing countries on this topic must continue. It sets out the regional stakes linked to the economic and social importance of cotton in West Africa. It retraces the consultation process on the West African cotton crisis with the aim of finding a negotiated solution acceptable to all parties. Also discussed are the challenges and the measures that need to be taken over the medium and long term in order to prevent this sub-sector’s sudden collapse.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264025066-en
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  • 26
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    Trade, Agriculture and Development : Policies Working Together (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264022010
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trade, agriculture and development
    DDC: 338.18
    RVK:
    QG 020
    RVK:
    QM 230
    RVK:
    QS 700
    Keywords: Agraraußenhandel ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklung ; Globalisierung ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Konferenzschrift ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung ; Agrarhandel
    Abstract: These proceedings of the OECD Global Forum on Agriculture brought together experts from both developing and developed countries and from both the agriculture and development communities. The papers presented explore why policy coherence is important, how it affects global agricultural trade, and whether it can help reduce poverty and hunger.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264022010-en
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  • 27
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    Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development : Economic, Environmental and Social Aspects (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264025653
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Sustainable Development Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Subsidy reform and sustainable development
    RVK:
    QL 300
    Keywords: Subvention ; Reform ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift 2005 ; OECD ; Subvention ; Reform ; Subventionspolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Subsidies are pervasive in OECD countries and are among the most powerful public policy instruments. But they often introduce unintended consequences, such as budget deficits, pollution, unemployment and trade distortions. This report contains the proceedings of an OECD workshop on subsidy reform held in October 2005 under the auspices of the OECD programme on sustainable development. It provides an overview of approaches for assessing subsidies and associated taxes, and looks at country experiences in reforming subsidies in the agriculture, fisheries, industry, and transport sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264025653-en
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  • 28
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    The Development Effectiveness of Food Aid : Does Tying Matter? (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013476
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'efficacité de l'aide alimentaire pour le développement ; Les effets de l'aide liée
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The development effectiveness of food aid
    RVK:
    QM 353
    Keywords: Nahrungsmittelhilfe ; Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Effizienz ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Nahrungsmittelhilfe ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Nahrungsmittelhilfe
    Abstract: The Development Effectiveness of Food Aid: Does Tying Matter? provides a detailed look into two food aid issues. First, the study assesses the effectiveness of the various ways in which food aid can promote food security and poverty alleviation. Second, the study demonstrates that food aid in-kind carries substantial efficiency costs, conservatively estimated as at least 30% on average. In contrast, most local purchases or regionally sourced imports are relatively efficient ways of providing food aid. Thus, there is scope for considerable efficiency gains by switching to less restricted sourcing of food. The study therefore argues that, in most circumstances, financial aid (cash) is the preferable way to fund direct distribution of food or to provide budgetary support for general development or project assistance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013476-en
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  • 29
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    Coherence of Agricultural and Rural Development Policies (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264023895
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (415 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Coherence of agricultural and rural development policies
    DDC: 338.18
    RVK:
    QS 200
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Agrarpolitik ; Entwicklungsplanung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik ; Ländlicher Raum ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: Agriculture is no longer the dominant sector in rural economies in OECD countries. But it is still the key sector in managing the land, and many ancillary industries are dependant on agriculture. Both agricultural and rural policy are changing to respond to society's concerns regarding food safety, food security, animal welfare, environmental protection and the viability of rural areas. These proceedings of the OECD Workshop on Coherence of Agricultural and Rural Development Policies examined these issues through thematic studies and country experiences. They find that rural is not synonymous with agriculture and agriculture is not always rural as much agricultural production occurs in peri-urban areas. The goals of agricultural and rural policies are different, but policy coherence is essential.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264023895-en
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  • 30
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    Water and Agriculture : Sustainability, Markets and Policies (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264022577
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (480 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water and agriculture
    DDC: 333.913
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Wasser ; Wasserpolitik ; Bewässerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Landwirtschaft ; Wassernutzung ; Klimaänderung ; Wassersicherstellung
    Abstract: Agriculture is a major user of water and is responsible for much of its pollution. But the agricultural sector faces increasing competition for scarce water supplies from urban and industrial users and, increasingly, to sustain ecosystems. This conference proceedings explores how both governments and the private sector can expand the role of markets to allocate water used by all sectors and to get agricultural producers to account for the pollution that their sector generates.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264022577-en
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  • 31
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    The Arable Crops Sector (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264009974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Agriculture, Trade and the Environment
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur des grandes cultures
    DDC: 338.173
    RVK:
    ZB 85000
    RVK:
    QS 200
    RVK:
    AR 28300
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Agrarpolitik ; Getreidewirtschaft ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: This study takes an in-depth look at the arable crops sector in OECD countries and draws some conclusions about the impacts of agricultural support policies, trade liberalisation, agri-environmental payments, and agri-ennvironmental regulations. It contains economic and structural data, agri-environmental indicators for the arable crops sector, and analysis of the policy measures supporting arable crops farming and addressing environmental issues both at the aggregate country level and regional levels. This is the third in a series of in-depth studies being undertaken by the OECD to investigate the linkages between agriculture, trade and the environment. The first study on the pig sector was published in 2003, and the second study on the dairy sector was published in 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264009974-en
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  • 32
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    Agriculture and Development : The Case for Policy Coherence (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013353
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agriculture et développement ; Vers des politiques cohérentes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agriculture and development
    DDC: 338.1
    RVK:
    QM 230
    RVK:
    QS 200
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Agraraußenhandel ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Landwirtschaft ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Agrarpolitik ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: With a view to helping policy analysts and decision makers focus on the development impacts of their policies, this report discusses the extent to which OECD country agricultural and agricultural trade policies are coherent with, and supportive of, the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, particularly the elimination of extreme poverty and hunger. Agriculture and Development: The Case for Policy Coherence defines the ‘where’ (country impact), ‘how’ (most damaging forms of support), ‘which’ (commodity aspects) and ‘who’ (household effects) of agricultural policy reform. It treats the effects of four main categories of OECD country agricultural policies: domestic, trade, regulatory, and development co-operation policies. In each case it identifies the implications from the perspective of making agriculture and development policies more coherent. By providing a survey of the policy coherence dimension in OECD country agricultural policy-making, this report provides the analytical framework that policy makers need to help them weigh their decisions in the light of their countries’ internationally agreed development commitments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013353-en
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  • 33
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    Sustainable Development in OECD Countries : Getting the Policies Right (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016958
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Développement durable dans les pays de l'OCDE ; Mettre au point les politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sustainable development in OECD countries
    DDC: 333.715
    RVK:
    QT 000
    RVK:
    ZA 55300
    RVK:
    ZB 56000
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Internationale Umweltpolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltschutz ; Geschichte 1992-2003
    Abstract: This publication summarises the lessons learned from the 30 country reviews of sustainable development that have been published since 2002 as part of OECD Economic Surveys. It also examines the concrete action that countries have taken to promote sustainable development while concentrating on the results that have been achieved and the efficiency of achieving the results. The publication focuses on major policy areas including the improvement of environmental policies, raising living standards in developing countries, and ensuring sustainable retirement income policies. Numerous tables provide detailed data and sustainable development indicators that have been used to gauge performance and assess costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016958-en
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  • 34
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    Preferential Trading Arrangements in Agricultural and Food Markets : The Case of the European Union and the United States (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264009332
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les régimes préférentiels dans les domaines agricole et alimentaire ; Les cas de l'Union européenne et des États-Unis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gallezot, Jacques Preferential trading arrangements in agricultural and food markets
    DDC: 382.7
    RVK:
    QM 230
    RVK:
    QS 200
    Keywords: Handelspräferenzen ; Agraraußenhandel ; EU-Staaten ; USA ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Trade ; European Union ; United States ; Europäische Union ; Handelsabkommen ; Agrarmarkt ; Lebensmittelmarkt ; Entwicklungsländer ; USA ; Handelsabkommen ; Agrarmarkt ; Lebensmittelmarkt ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: Developing countries are concerned that multilateral tariff reductions will harm their agricultural sectors because of preference erosion. The findings in this report suggest that although this may indeed be a problem for some countries in some sectors, factors other than preferential schemes may be limiting developing country exports. The report provides information on the extent to which developing countries have used selected, non-reciprocal preferential trading schemes provided by the EU and the US. Secondary data are complemented by interviews with market operators further clarifying the empirical findings. A special section has been devoted to the preferences granted to African countries highlighting the conditions for this set of developing countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264009332-en
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  • 35
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    Environmentally Harmful Subsidies : Challenges for Reform (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264012059
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environmentally harmful subsidies
    RVK:
    QD 020
    RVK:
    QR 500
    RVK:
    QS 700
    Keywords: Umweltbelastung ; Subvention ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Konferenzschrift ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltpolitik ; Umweltgift
    Abstract: Subsidies are pervasive throughout OECD countries and much of this support is potentially harmful environmentally. This report presents sectoral analyses on agriculture, fisheries, water, energy and transport, proposing a checklist approach to identifying and assessing environmentally harmful subsidies. It also identifies the key tensions and conflicts that are likely to influence subsidy policy making. The book concludes with a discussion of politically feasible subsidy reform strategies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264012059-en
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  • 36
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    Agricultural Trade and Poverty : Making Policy Analysis Count (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 331.763
    RVK:
    QS 200
    RVK:
    QS 700
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Electronic books ; Agrarhandel ; Armut ; Agrarpolitik ; Agrarwelthandel ; Armut
    Abstract: How do trade liberalisation and rich-country farming policies affect the world’s poor? This publication focuses on that crucial question and underscores its urgency. One in five people worldwide live in extreme poverty with per capita income under a dollar a day. Two in three live in rural areas with farming the dominant source of income. Moreover, the poorest non-farm households spend a relatively large share of their budgets on food. Agricultural policy developments are thus vitally important to all poor people. How can agricultural trade reform serve their needs? What are the potential benefits and dangers of agricultural trade liberalisation? Deriving from the OECD’s on-going co-operation with non-member economies worldwide, this publication tackles various aspects of those fundamental questions on the linkage between farming and poverty.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174979-en
    URL: Volltext
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    URL: Volltext
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 37
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    Agriculture and Trade Liberalisation : Extending the Uruguay Round Agreement (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'agriculture et la libéralisation des échanges ; Élargir la portée des Accords d'Uruguay
    RVK:
    QS 200
    RVK:
    ZB 87400
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Uruguay
    Abstract: This report provides information on the average tariff levels and on the use of tariff-rate quotas, export subsidies and export credits by selected OECD countries for temperate-zone agricultural products. The implications of further liberalisation of the various instruments over the medium term are examined. The effects of further trade liberalisation of agricultural markets over the medium-term depend significantly on the modalities and prevailing market conditions against which the liberalisation scenarios are compared. On market access, although the largest impact on world prices is from tariff reductions, each of the current trade policy instruments (i.e. out-of-quota tariffs, in-quota tariffs, and tariff rate quotas) would have to be liberalised to obtain the greatest impact. On export subsidies, their current use is already at levels much lower than Uruguay Round commitments, and elimination would have modest effects for most commodities (except dairy products). This situation could change and further discipline on their use would prevent back-tracking. Export credits used by certain countries are also found to distort trade, although the effects on world markets and average prices remain relatively small, due to the small share of trade facilitated by these programmes and their small per-unit effect. Disciplines are necessary, however, to avoid even greater use of all forms of export competition policies. Countries have embarked on a new round of multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture. The challenge facing policy makers is to build upon the foundations of the URAA to further reduce trade distortions. This requires strengthening the disciplines already established and addressing weaknesses of the current agreement, such as those that have been identified in this report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196292-en
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  • 38
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    Sustainable Development : Critical Issues (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193185
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Développement durable ; Les grandes questions
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QC 347
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport ; Economics ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: How can we meet the needs of today without diminishing the capacity of future generations to meet theirs? This is the central question posed by "sustainable development". OECD countries committed themselves to sustainable development at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio, yet - almost ten years later - progress accomplished remains partial and uneven. Drawing on analysis carried forward in response to a mandate from OECD Ministers in 1998, this report stresses the urgency to address some of the most pressing challenges for sustainable development. It reviews the conceptual foundations of sustainable development, its measurement, and the institutional reforms needed to make it operational. It then discusses how international trade and investment, as well as development co-operation, can contribute to sustainable development on a global basis, and reviews the experience of OECD countries in using market-based, regulatory and technology policies to reach sustainability goals in a cost-effective way. The report also provides an in-depth analysis of policies designed to address key threats to sustainability in the areas of climate change and natural resource management, as well as of those that respond to sustainability concerns at the sectoral and sub-national level. The common thrust of the report is that substantial opportunities exist to make economic growth, environmental protection, and social development mutually reinforcing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193185-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 39
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    The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture : An Evaluation of its Implementation in OECD Countries (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192188
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Accord sur l'agriculture du cycle d'Uruguay ; Une évaluation de sa mise en oeuvre dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Accord sur l'agriculture du cycle d'Uruguay : Une évaluation de sa mise en oeuvre dans les pays de l'OCDE
    RVK:
    QM 200
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Uruguay ; OECD ; Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations ; Landwirtschaft ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) was a turning point in the reform of the agricultural trade system. It imposed disciplines on trade-distorting domestic policies and established new rules in the areas of market access and export competition. How effective have the three disciplines contained in the URAA been in bringing about a reduction in the level of production-related support and protection? Which elements of the disciplines have proved effective and which ineffective? What policy lessons can be drawn from the experience so far? What might be inferred about opportunities and challenges for further trade liberalisation? This report provides some answers to these questions for all OECD countries. A key conclusion of the report is that the immediate quantitative effects of the URAA on trade and protection levels have been modest. The reasons for this include the weakness of many specific features of the URAA including implementation and methodological issues. Countries have already embarked on a new round of multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture. The challenge facing policy makers is to build upon the foundation of the URAA to further reduce trade distortions. This requires strengthening the disciplines already established under the URAA and addressing those weaknesses of the current agreement which have been identified in this study.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192188-en
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  • 40
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    The Agro-food Processing Sector in China : Developments and Policy Challenges (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789164180292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The agro-food processing sector in China
    RVK:
    QS 200
    Keywords: 00.10.1999 ; Agroindustrie ; Agrarprodukt ; Ernährungsindustrie ; China ; Agricultural industries China ; Congresses ; Food industry and trade China ; Congresses ; Produce trade China ; Congresses ; Agriculture and Food ; Economics ; China, People’s Republic ; China Foreign economic relations ; Congresses ; Aufsatzsammlung ; China ; Lebensmittelindustrie ; China ; Agrarprodukt ; Industrie ; China ; Agrarproduktion
    Abstract: China’s food processing sector has arrived at a decisive stage. While primary agriculture has continued to expand at an astounding pace and final consumers have experienced an extended period of rapid income growth, progress at the intermediary stage, the agro-processing sector, has remained limited. Today, a growing need to catch up with these developments has become manifest, but a number of challenges have emerged simultaneously. They include the need to adjust to increasingly diversified consumer demands, to improve the quality and nutritional content of foods, to introduce new food products, to shift to more sophisticated processing methods, to adopt innovative packaging methods, and to comply with new labelling requirements. These developments give rise to a number of questions. What do these changes mean for China’s food processors? Is China’s agriculture adequately prepared for these changes? How can farmers take advantage of these changes? What structural adjustments are needed to meet the challenges arising from the changes in domestic and international food markets? The papers in this Proceedings document try to answer these and many other important questions revolving around changes in, and challenges for, China’s agro-processing sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789164180292-en
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  • 41
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    Agriculture in China and OECD Countries : Past Policies and Future Challenges (OECD Proceedings) (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173293
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.1/851
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Konferenzschrift ; China ; Agrarpolitik ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The pace of growth in China's agricultural sector is remarkable. Over the past 20 years, food production has outpaced population growth, and enhanced the nutritional status of a billion people. But this success has given rise to a number of questions. Most importantly, will China be able to provide food for its population in a sustainable way, while absorbing the 15 million people added to its population each year? What policies should accompany China’s transition to a market-based economy in the agricultural sector which employs the vast majority of China’s working population? What are the implications of economic and agricultural growth for the environment, the rural communities and the social fabric? What are the implications for international agricultural markets and what could be at stake for other food importing countries? Determining how this demand for food will be met requires a complex analytical framework whose parameters are the subject of an intense discussion and debate. The proceedings of this workshop provide a rich repository of material that helps answer many of these questions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173293-en
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  • 42
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    Cultivating Rural Amenities : An Economic Development Perspective (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173941
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cultiver les aménités rurales ; Une perspective de développement économique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cultiver les aménités rurales : Une perspective de développement économique
    DDC: 307.1/412
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Landschaftsschutzgebiet ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: The future of rural areas is high on the domestic and international policy agenda. Restructuring of the agricultural sector, and accompanying reform of agricultural policies, and the challenge of meeting sustainable development objectives are key preoccupations in OECD countries. In the search for forward-looking and durable policy strategies, building on natural and cultural amenities is emerging as an important area of policy action, one which complements traditional, agriculture-oriented rural policies and places rural policy in the broader territorial development arena. In most rural areas, the potential of many natural and cultural resources remains untapped. Harnessing such amenities, however, involves striking a balance between use and conservation. In many cases, maintenance of rural amenities depends on a degree of local economic activity -- without it there is a danger of degradation. At the same time, over-exploitation risks spoiling, often irreversibly, the essential value of the amenity. Because many natural and cultural features are public goods, with limited markets and hazy property rights, public policies are needed to strike the delicate balance between supply and demand.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173941-en
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  • 43
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    Food Safety and Quality : Trade Considerations (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174115
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualité et sécurité alimentaires ; Les dimensions commerciales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualité et sécurité alimentaires : Les dimensions commerciales
    RVK:
    QR 544
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Highly publicised outbreaks of food-borne diseases have put food safety at the heart of a topical debate. Demands for increased food safety regulation and stricter enforcement have gained momentum. In fact, consumer concerns go well beyond basic food safety. The quality of food and how it is produced, animal welfare, the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), hormones and other growth promoters, cultural preferences, resource sustainability and protection of the environment have all become major issues in the public debate over regulation of the food industry. The issues are complex and the required policy response remains unclear. With the strengthening of international rules, increased trade in consumer food products and the growing use of biotechnology, trade conflicts over food regulatory issues and their reform could become more common. The economic stakes are high and such disputes are likely to remain a priority in the future trade agenda. This report examines the trade conflicts arising from food safety and quality issues. It summarises the key international agreements, illustrates the range and nature of current disputes, reviews the potential contributions of economic analysis to conflict resolution, and identifies areas requiring further analysis.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174115-en
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  • 44
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    Environmental Indicators for Agriculture : Concepts and Framework Volume 1 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture ; Concepts et cadre d'analyse Volume 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Concepts et cadre d'analyse Volume 1
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Grundlage
    Abstract: Little quantitative information is available to assess the impacts, both harmful and beneficial, of agriculture on the environment and to measure how different policy measures affect the environment. To help fill these gaps, a major effort is underway in the OECD to develop a set of policy-relevant agri-environmental indicators. This first volume, of the series Environmental Indicators for Agriculture, outlines an analytical framework to further the analysis of agri-environmental linkages and sustainable agriculture. It describes the main environmental concepts in agriculture of relevance to OECD policy-makers and the indicators that need to be calculated: the use of nutrients, pesticides, and water; land conservation; water and soil quality; greenhouse gases; biodiversity; wildlife habitats; landscape; and environmental impacts related to farm management practices, the availability of farm financial resources, and rural socio-cultural issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173873-en
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  • 45
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    Agricultural Policy Reform and the Rural Economy in OECD Countries (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162532
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme de la politique agricole et l'économie rurale dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Agricultural policy reform and the rural economy in OECD countries
    DDC: 338.1809177
    RVK:
    QS 700
    RVK:
    ZB 56000
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Agroindustrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Fallstudiensammlung ; OECD ; Agrarreform
    Abstract: The socio-economic development of rural areas has become an important issue for agricultural policy design in many OECD countries. Yet there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis of the inter-linkages between the agro-food sector and the rural economy. What consequences have on-going structural changes in agriculture for rural areas? What is the role of agricultural policies? The report, comprising a main report and case studies on Canada, France, Greece, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and Switzerland, addresses these important questions. A key conclusion of the report is that traditional agricultural support policies are increasingly ineffective in accomplishing rural development objectives. Agricultural policy reform can enhance agro-food's contribution to the viable development of rural economies, although the benefits are not immediate. A coherent, well co-ordinated and targeted policy approach aimed at diversification, promotion of high-quality regional products, provision of information, direct payments and public goods would improve the competitiveness of rural areas. How to strike the right balance between the need for greater economic efficiency, and social and environmental concerns in rural areas is a key challenge facing policy makers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162532-en
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  • 46
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    The Environmental Effects of Reforming Agricultural Policies (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme des politiques agricoles ; Quels effets sur l'environnement ?
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Maier, Leo, 1958 - The environmental effects of reforming agricultural policies
    RVK:
    QS 700
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltschutz ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik ; Reformpolitik ; Umwelt
    Abstract: OECD countries have started to reform their agricultural policies in the last decade. Many countries have also implemented agri-environmental measures that are directly aimed at improving the environment. What are the changes in land use, farming practices and input use resulting from these reforms? What have been the effects on the environment: soils, water, air, biodiversity, wildlife habitat and landscape? How have regional and local conditions influenced the environmental outcomes? To what extent have agri-environmental measures contributed to achieving sustainable agriculture? And how could such measures be made more effective and cost-efficient? Through examining concrete policy experiences from OECD countries, this study concludes that agricultural policy reforms can improve the environment, provided they are accompanied by appropriate environmental measures.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: La réforme des politiques agricoles
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162440-en
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  • 47
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    Adjustment in OECD Agriculture : Reforming Farmland Policies (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162617
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ajustement du secteur agricole des pays de l'OCDE ; Réformer les politiques foncières agricoles
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Adjustment in OECD agriculture
    DDC: 338.18
    RVK:
    QS 700
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaftliche Immobilien ; Bodenmarkt ; Agrarsubvention ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Transferzahlung ; Landwirtschaftliches Einkommen
    Abstract: This book brings together two studies both related to the very important issue of land: it examines the way in which agricultural and other policies affect how it changes hands, its value and use patterns. The first study looks at policies affecting farmland mobility and calls for an easing of regulations to allow the agricultural sector to be more responsive to market forces. The second study shows that agricultural support is often capitalised into land and other asset values. As a result there is strong resistance to policy reform, entry into the agricultural sector is difficult and the recipients of benefits are not always those intended when the policies were put in place.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162617-en
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