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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (43)
  • Berlin : Springer  (2)
  • Trade
  • Economics  (44)
  • Law  (3)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9783662583487
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 225 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: 6. Auflage
    Series Statement: Recht - schnell erfasst
    Series Statement: Springer eBooks
    Series Statement: Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Commercial Law ; Commercial law ; Trade ; Business. ; Commerce. ; Lehrbuch
    Abstract: Einführung -- Kaufmannseigenschaft und Firma -- Der Kaufmann und seine Hilfspersonen -- Gesellschaftsrecht -- Die handelsrechtliche Rechnungslegung -- Handelsgeschäfte -- Für den Kaufmann wichtige, nicht im HGB geregelte Rechtsmaterien -- Klausurfälle
    Abstract: Kaufmännisch denken und handeln und dabei alle rechtlichen Aspekte des Geschäftslebens berücksichtigen, ist Intention des Buches. Der Autor vermittelt einen besonders auf Verständnis ausgerichteten Einstieg in das Handelsgesetzbuch (HGB). Außerdem erläutert er andere, für den Kaufmann wichtige Gesetze. In jedem Band dieser Reihe »Recht – schnell erfasst« werden die wichtigsten Normen im Wortlaut vorgestellt, verständlich kommentiert und mit den – für die gelungene Fallbearbeitung – notwendigen Verweisungen versehen. Wer bei der Lösung von Problemstellungen schnell auf den Punkt kommen will, ohne sich mit komplizierten Theorien auseinandersetzen zu müssen, findet in diesem Buch alles, was er dafür braucht
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264275683
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Small, medium, strong
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    Keywords: KMU ; Unternehmenserfolg ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Betriebliches Umfeld ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Governance ; Economics ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Gewerbepolitik
    Abstract: SMEs and entrepreneurs play a key role in national economies around the world, generating employment and income, contributing to innovation and knowledge diffusion, responding to new or niched demands and social needs, and enhancing social inclusion. However, SMEs are often more affected by business environment conditions and structural policies than larger firms. This report presents comparative evidence on SME performance and trends, and on a broad range of policy areas and business environment conditions that are important for small businesses. The analysis takes into account the multi-dimensionality of SME policy objectives and the significant heterogeneity of the SME population, within and across countries. Data and indicators on framework conditions are complemented with information on recent policy trends in OECD countries. This publication addresses a growing demand by governments for tools to monitor the business environment for small and medium-sized enterprises, and benchmark the effectiveness of policies in creating appropriate conditions for them to flourish and grow.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187610
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (440 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Inventory of estimated budgetary support and tax expenditures for fossil fuels 2013
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    Keywords: Fossile Energie ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Steuervergünstigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; OECD ; Energiepolitik ; Steuervergünstigung
    Abstract: This Inventory is concerned with direct budgetary transfers and tax expenditures that relate to fossil fuels, regardless of their impact or of the purpose for which the measures were first put in place. It has been undertaken as an exercise in transparency, and to inform the international dialogue on fossil-fuel subsidy reform. For each of the 34 OECD countries covered, the Inventory provides a succinct summary of its energy economy, and of the budgetary and tax-related measures provided at the central-government level (and, in the case of federal countries, for selected sub-national units of government) relating to fossil-fuel production or consumption. The transfers associated with these measures are reported for recent years using the Producer Support Estimate (PSE) and Consumer Support Estimate (CSE) as organising frameworks. These frameworks have already been used extensively by the OECD, most notably in respect of agriculture. The Inventory covers a wide range of measures that provide a benefit or preference for a particular activity or a particular product, either in absolute terms or relative to other activities or products, against a specified baseline. Many measures listed in this inventory are relative preferences within a particular country’s tax system rather than absolute support that can be readily compared across countries, and for that reason no national totals are provided.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264111905
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mondialisation économique ; Origines et conséquences
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Globalisierung der Wirtschaft; Ursprünge und Auswirkungen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Globalización económica ; Orígenes y consecuencias
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Economic globalisation
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    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Globalisierung ; Geschichte ; Development ; Economics ; Trade ; Erde
    Abstract: Few subjects are as controversial – and poorly understood – as globalisation. While in its broadest sense, economic globalisation is as old as trade itself, the recent financial crisis has amplified the complexity associated with the global interconnectedness of the world’s economies and its ramifications on our livelihoods. This publication reviews the major turning points in the history of economic integration, and in particular the pace at which it has accelerated since the 1990s. It also considers its impact in four crucial areas, namely employment, development, the environment and financial stability: does globalisation foster development or create inequality? Does it promote or destroy jobs? Is it damaging to the environment or compatible with its preservation? Are we heading towards de-globalisation or can globalisation in fact enable recovery?
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189560
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Interconnected economies
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    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaft ; Internationale Produktion ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Welt ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Wertschöpfungskette ; Nichttarifäres Handelshemmnis ; Liberalisierung ; Außenhandel ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Erde ; Welt ; Globalisierung ; Weltwirtschaft ; Außenhandelspolitik ; Wertschöpfung
    Abstract: Global Value Chains (GVCs) have exploded in the past decade and refer to the international dispersion of design, production, assembly, marketing and distribution of services, activities, and products. Different stages in the production process are increasingly located across different economies, and intermediate inputs like parts and components are produced in one country and then exported to other countries for further production and/or assembly into final products. The functional and spatial fragmentation that has occurred within GVCs has significantly reshaped the global economic landscape, thereby raising some new major policy challenges for OECD countries and emerging countries alike: trade policy, competitiveness, upgrading and innovation and the management of global systemic risk.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264088436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trade and economic effects of responses to the economic crisis
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    Keywords: Finanzkrise ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Welthandel ; Handelsvolumen ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Geschichte 2009
    Abstract: The dramatic collapse in world trade in 2009 is, this report shows, mainly due to: the drop in demand for highly traded products; the drying up of trade finance; and the vertically integrated nature of global supply chains. Contrary to expectations, protectionist measures were relatively muted and did not play a significant part. In fact, because of their sheer size, stimulus measures may have had more impact on trade than direct trade policy measures Nevertheless, dollar for dollar, direct trade restricting measures have the most strongly negative impacts on growth and employment: a one dollar increase in tariff revenues results in a USD 2.16 drop in world exports and a USD 0.73 drop in world income. The analyses presented here suggest that exit strategies from measures to deal with the crisis will be most effective in boosting growth and jobs if they first roll back measures that discriminate between domestic and foreign firms and those that target specific sectors. General demand stimulus measures and active labour market policies are preferable under current conditions.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264087408
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Competitiveness and private sector development
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    Keywords: Frühindikator ; Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Ägypten ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Politische Reform ; Gewerbepolitik ; Privatwirtschaft ; Situation ; Aktualität ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Finance and Investment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Egypt ; Ägypten ; Ägypten ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsprivatrecht
    Abstract: As part of a far-reaching programme of economic reforms, the Egyptian government is seeking to improve its business climate to attract more investment and stimulate growth and job creation. The Egyptian Ministry of Investment has asked the OECD to carry out an in-depth assessment of Egypt’s business climate to identify policy priorities and actions needed to foster more domestic, regional and international investment. This report presents the results of that assessment. It also highlights Egypt’s key reform priorities and describes the challenges and opportunities in improving Egypt's business climate to help Egypt realise its full potential as a high-growth economy. The OECD assessment is the first phase of a Business Climate Development Strategy (BCDS) which identifies policy priorities and proposes specific reforms and actions to enable Egypt to achieve measurable improvements in its business climate. One key finding is that Egypt’s investment and trade policy reforms have moved the country’s business climate closer to best practice in OECD economies. However, the report notes that to attract further private investment, Egypt needs to improve the country’s anti-corruption measures, skills development, infrastructure and access to finance, especially for the country's small-and-medium sized enterprises. BCDS Egypt offers specific recommendations on how policies, institutions and regulations can be improved to increase predictability for investors and make Egypt a prime investment destination. This review was carried out as part of the wider MENA-OECD Investment Programme. It uses a new BCDS methodology that evaluates the business climate in 12 policy areas and draws on core OECD instruments, such as the Policy Framework for Investment (PFI), which have been successfully applied in other countries. By helping countries prioritise their actions and build consensus among stakeholders, the BCDS process supports the successful implementation of reforms to develop the private sector in the MENA region.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264096448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The economic impact of export restrictions on raw materials
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    Keywords: Rohstoff ; Exportbeschränkung ; Welt ; Trade ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; European Union ; India ; Russian Federation ; South Africa ; United States ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Außenhandelspolitik ; Rohstoffwelthandel
    Abstract: Export restrictions on raw materials are applied to achieve a number of policy objectives. However, they can have a significant and negative impact on the efficient allocation of resources, international trade, and the competitiveness and development of industries in both exporting and importing countries. By diverting exports to domestic markets, export restrictions raise prices for foreign consumers and importers. At the same time, by reducing domestic prices in the applying countries and increasing global uncertainty concerning future prices, export restrictions negatively affect investment, thus potentially reducing the overall supply of raw materials in the long term. In view of existing alternative policy tools that have a different impact on trade, the effectiveness of export restrictions to achieve stated policy objectives should be carefully reviewed. This publication presents a selection of papers discussed at the OECD Workshop on Raw Materials, held in Paris in October 2009. This workshop was organised in response to the growing concern on the use of export restrictions on raw materials, particularly by emerging economies.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060265 , 9789264107137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le commerce international ; Libre, équitable et ouvert ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationaler Handel; Frei, fair und offen?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Love, Patrick International trade
    DDC: 382.1
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    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaft ; Welt ; Außenhandel ; Handelsvertrag ; Freihandel ; Fairer Handel ; Liberalisierung ; Economics ; Trade ; Erde ; Welthandel
    Abstract: International trade affects the price and availability of practically everything we buy. It also plays a role in many other domains, including jobs, the environment and the fight against poverty. OECD Insights: International Trade argues that prosperity has rarely, if ever, been achieved or sustained without trade. Trade alone, however, is not enough. Policies targeting employment, education, health and other issues are also needed to promote well-being and tackle the challenges of a globalised economy. "The OECD is a major source for insightful analyses of current trade issues. It also plays a role in disseminating skilfully the results of less accessible writings on trade. This short book is a valuable addition to the latter endeavour and should be on the shelf of policy makers." -Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia University
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264044814
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (454 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Globalisation and emerging economies
    DDC: 330.9172/4
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    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaft ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Globalisierung ; Schwellenländer ; Brasilien ; Russland ; Indien ; Indonesien ; China ; Südafrika ; Trade ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; Russian Federation ; South Africa ; Schwellenländer ; Globalisierung ; Außenwirtschaft ; Schwellenländer ; Globalisierung ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Brasilien ; Russland ; Indien ; Indonesien ; China ; Südafrika ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Außenhandel ; Globalisierung
    Abstract: OECD countries still dominate the world economy, but their share of world trade dropped from 73% in 1992 to 64% in 2005, and some of the world’s most important economies are not members of the OECD. Foremost among these are the so-called BRIICS: Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa. This book analyses key elements of the trade performance of the BRIICS in relation to the rest of the world, focusing on trade and other policies influencing that performance. Developments in global trade policy are reviewed, notably the impact of preferential trade agreements on the multilateral system and patterns of world trade are described using both indices that reveal networks of trading relations and more standard modeling results. As well as the global analysis, the book also presents a separate chapter for each of the BRIICS, examining the key development and trade issues in each of the six countries over the past few years.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264056954
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Surmonter les obstacles à la frontière ; Coûts et bénéfices de la facilitation des échanges
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Surmonter les obstacles à la frontière : Coûts et bénéfices de la facilitation des échanges
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Overcoming border bottlenecks
    DDC: 382
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    Keywords: Außenwirtschaftsförderung ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Trade ; Außenhandel ; Handelshemmnis ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse
    Abstract: International trade has grown rapidly in recent years, thanks in part to the progressive reduction of tariffs and quotas through successive rounds of multilateral trade liberalisation. However, this progress brings to light one of the remaining weak links of international trade, which prevents countries from drawing full benefits from the advantages of open global markets: border bottlenecks generated by inefficient, outdated and complex trade procedures and formalities. This book brings together six studies that examine to what extent and in which ways the costs of inefficient border processes influence trade and investment flows, how institutional and political factors affect the design and implementation of efficiency-enhancing measures, whether the expected benefits of these measures enough to justify the expenses of putting them in place, and whether the expenses involved are within the reach of developing and least developed countries, especially in light of other development priorities.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044708
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entreprendre pour le développement 2008 ; Promouvoir les échanges commerciaux agricoles en Afrique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Business for development [2008]
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    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Agraraußenhandel ; Agroindustrie ; Afrika ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Trade ; Afrika ; Landwirtschaft ; Afrika ; Agraraußenhandel ; Agrobusiness
    Abstract: The changing pattern of international agricultural trade has profound implications for Africa. The book’s authors discuss these trade flows, map the corporate landscape of agro-food, (including the emergent indigenous sector), and assess trends in international development co-operation in the corporate sector. Particular focus is given to “aid for trade” programmes that try to foster private-sector development and trade-capacity building. A final chapter, drawing lessons from five country case studies, provides evidence of the (in)effectiveness of government intervention and donor programmes to promote the marketing of African agriculture.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9783540772767
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 425 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: MPI Studies on Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law 3
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Tax and corporate governance
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    Keywords: Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Corporate Governance ; Business ; Tax accounting ; Tax laws ; Private international law ; Conflict of laws ; International law ; Comparative law ; Trade ; Business and Management ; Law ; Commercial law ; Comparative law ; Public finance ; Auditing ; Taxation ; Konferenzschrift 2006 ; Steuerbilanzpolitik ; Unternehmen ; Steuerrecht ; Corporate Governance
    Abstract: Academic research shows that well-known principal-agent and capital market problems are strongly influenced by tax considerations. Against this background, this volume is the first to present a fully-fledged overview of the interdependence of tax and corporate governance. Not only the basic political, legal and economic questions but also major topics like income measurement, shareholding structures, corporate social responsibility and tax shelter disclosure are covered.
    Abstract: The interaction of tax and corporate governance forms an emerging issue both in business and administrative practice and in academic research. International organizations (OECD, EC) have begun to explore the effects corporate governance rules exert on the tax policy of large businesses, governments try to employ corporate and securities law as a means to further their fiscal interest. Academic research shows that well-known principal-agent and capital market problems are strongly influenced by tax considerations. Against this background, this volume is the first to present a fully-fledged overview of the interdependence of tax and corporate governance. Not only the basic political, legal and economic questions but also major topics like income measurement, shareholding structures, corporate social responsibility and tax shelter disclosure are covered extensively by leading authors.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Link between Taxation and Corporate Governance; Good Corporate Governance: The Tax Dimension; Tax and Corporate Governance: An Economic Approach; Tax and Corporate Governance: A Legal Approach; Report on the Discussion; Financial and Tax Accounting: Transparency and "Truth"; Taxation, Accounting and Transparency: The Interaction of Financial and Tax Accounting; Taxation, Accounting and Transparency: The Missing Trinity of Corporate Life; Tax and the Separation of Ownership and Control
    Description / Table of Contents: Tax and the Separation of Ownership and Control - Comment on the paper by Steven Bank and Brian R. CheffinsTax and the Separation of Ownership and Control - Comment on the paper by Steven Bank and Brian R. Cheffins; Report on the Discussion; Corporate Social Responsibility and Strategic Tax Behavior; Corporate Social Responsibility and Strategic Tax Behavior - Comment on the paper by Reuven S. Avi-Yonah; Tax Risk Management and Board Responsibility; Report on the Discussion; Disclosure and Civil Penalty Rules in the U.S. Legal Response to Corporate Tax Shelters
    Description / Table of Contents: Disclosure and Civil Penalty Rules in the U.S. Legal Response to Corporate Tax Shelters - Comment on the paper by Daniel ShaviroTax Shelter Disclosure and Civil Penalty Rules - Comment on the paper by Daniel Shaviro; Opinion Standards for Tax Practitioners Under U.S. Department of the Treasury Circular 230; Opinion Standards for Tax Practitioners Under U.S. Department of the Treasury Circular 230 - Comment on the paper by Michael J. Desmond; Opinion Standards for Tax Practitioners Under U.S. Department of the Treasury Circular 230 - Comment on the paper by Michael J. Desmond
    Description / Table of Contents: Shelters, Schemes, and Abusive Transactions: Why Today's Thoughtful U.S. Tax Advisors Should Tell Their Clients to "Just Say No"Report on the Discussion; Taxation and Corporate Governance - The State of the Art
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Papers and proceedings from a conference held in December 2006 and organized jointly by the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law, the International Network for Tax Research and the International Fiscal Association (German Branch)
    URL: Cover
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264006805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'environnement et les accords commerciaux régionaux
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environment and regional trade agreements
    DDC: 382/.91
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    Keywords: Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Umweltabkommen ; Welt ; Commercial treaties ; International trade Environmental aspects ; Trade blocs ; Environment ; Trade ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Bilateraler Handel ; Handelsabkommen ; Umweltschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) have increased significantly in number over the past few years. The number of RTAs which include environmental provisions is also increasing. However, these provisions, and the experience related to their negotiation and implementation, have not been examined in depth yet. This study contributes to filling this gap. It provides an overview of approaches to environmental issues in RTAs and summarises country experiences in their negotiation and practical application. Regional and bilateral trade arrangements are surveyed, including customs unions and free trade agreements. The study is based on the analysis of RTA texts, and on literature examining their actual implementation, as well as on first-hand comments and input from experts from both OECD and non-OECD countries.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264027886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (97 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réforme des politiques et des échanges agricoles ; Incidences sur les marchés mondiaux des produits de base
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réforme des politiques et des échanges agricoles : Incidences sur les marchés mondiaux des produits de base
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Liapis, Peter S. Agricultural policy and trade reform
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    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Verteilungswirkung ; Welt ; Agriculture and state ; Commercial policy ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Industriestaaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agraraußenhandelspolitik ; Protektionismus ; Liberalisierung ; Agrarweltmarkt ; Preisänderung
    Abstract: The governments of most developed, and many developing, countries impose border measures—tariffs, tariff rate quotas and export subsidies—to boost the domestic market prices of agricultural commodities. In some OECD countries, governments also provide financial support to their agricultural sector through other means, such as direct budgetary payments, production quotas and marketing-loan programs. These interventions typically distort the allocation of resources, leading to sub-optimal production and consumption decisions. Widespread agricultural policy reform would undoubtedly improve the global allocation of resources. But, due to differential protection levels and policy instruments across commodities and among countries, reform can also produce a complex pattern of adjustments, some of which may appear to be counter-intuitive. Using a partial-equilibrium agricultural commodity model with rich policy detail, this study examines the market impacts of agricultural policy reform annually over a 10-year horizon. The study finds that the biggest impacts of agricultural policy reform would be on world dairy markets. Including the effect of non-agricultural liberalisation from a general-equilibrium model does not meaningfully alter results, suggesting that sectoral analysis in many cases is sufficient. Also in this series: Agricultural Policy and Trade Reform: Potential Effects at Global, National and Household Levels
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264031203
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assistance technique liée au commerce ; Que nous apprennent les évaluations récentes ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lesser, Caroline Trade-related assistance
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    Keywords: Internationale Finanzhilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Trade ; OECD ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Exportförderung ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: This report draws on key findings and recommendations emerging from available donor evaluation reports, assesses factors that have contributed to the success (or failure) of past programmes, and provides guidance for enhancing the effectiveness and impact of future trade-related assistance. It provides a timely input to the ongoing discussions amongst the aid and trade communities on effectively designing and delivering “aid for trade” as a complement to the Doha Development Agenda.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264028388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mano visible de China en América Latina
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Visible Hand of China in Latin America; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The visible hand of China in Latin America
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    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Auslandsinvestition ; Lateinamerika ; China ; Außenhandel ; Emerging Market ; Integration ; Weltordnung ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; China, People’s Republic ; China ; Lateinamerika ; Aufsatzsammlung ; China ; Lateinamerika ; Außenhandel ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Emerging Market ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Latin America is looking towards China and Asia -- and China and Asia are looking right back. This is a major shift: for the first time in its history, Latin America can benefit from not one but three major engines of world growth. Until the 1980s, the United States was the region’s major trade partner. In the 1990s, a second growth engine emerged with the European investment boom in Latin America. Now, at the dawn of the new century, the increasing global economic importance of Asia, and in particular China, potentially provides a third engine of growth. This book describes the opportunities and challenges that Latin American economies will face as Chinese importance in the world economy -- and in Latin America's traditional markets -- continues to grow.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264025066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le coton en Afrique de l'Ouest ; Un enjeu économique et social
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cotton in West Africa
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    Keywords: Baumwollanbau ; Baumwollindustrie ; Baumwolle ; Außenhandel ; Westafrika ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Trade ; Westafrika ; Baumwollanbau ; Baumwollhandel
    Abstract: In West Africa, approximately 16 million people depend directly or indirectly on cotton cultivation. But subsidies in the developed world have suppressed cotton prices and have made it difficult for West African producers to compete. Compounding the problem, WTO negotiations on the problem have been suspended. This publication contends that the dialogue between developed and developing countries on this topic must continue. It sets out the regional stakes linked to the economic and social importance of cotton in West Africa. It retraces the consultation process on the West African cotton crisis with the aim of finding a negotiated solution acceptable to all parties. Also discussed are the challenges and the measures that need to be taken over the medium and long term in order to prevent this sub-sector’s sudden collapse.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264025585
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (253 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Dynamiser les échanges ; Les enjeux du développement dans le système commercial multilatéral
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trading up
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    Keywords: Weltwirtschaftsordnung ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Welt ; Development ; Trade ; Entwicklungsländer ; Welthandel ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: The prospect of further trade liberalisation sometimes attracts a noisy public discourse, particularly with respect to the possible implications for developing countries. This volume considers trade and development from an economic perspective, aiming to examine these emotive issues using empirical approaches and dispassionate analysis. What are the potential welfare impacts on developing countries from further liberalisation? What economic adjustments would such liberalisation entail? What policy options exist for developing countries seeking to seize on new market opportunities while responding to the associated structural challenges? Trading Up: Economic Perspectives on Development Issues in the Multilateral Trading System delivers new insights from the latest OECD and World Bank research on these questions and related topics.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264024823
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Produits énergétiques et écologiques ; Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environmental and energy products
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    Keywords: Handelsliberalisierung ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Erneuerbare Energie ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Energietechnik ; Umweltverträgliches Produkt ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: This collection of studies is intended to help trade negotiators navigate through the international discussion over liberalising trade in environmental goods and services by exploring in greater depth three categories of environmental goods: environmentally preferable products, renewable-energy products and energy-efficient products. Its three chapters consider the scope and definition of each product category, examine tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, and explain the environmental effects of liberalising such goods. This book follows a previous volume, Trade that Benefits the Environment and Development: Opening Markets for Environmental Goods and Services, published in 2005,
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264028685
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Liberalisation and universal access to basic services
    DDC: 354.728
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Telekommunikation ; Wasserversorgung ; Finanzdienstleistung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Deregulierung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift 2005 ; Entwicklungsländer ; Elektrizität ; Sanitäranlage ; Telekommunikation ; Wasserversorgung ; Liberalisierung ; Zugang ; Finanzdienstleistung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Öffentliche Aufgaben ; Deregulierung ; Daseinsvorsorge ; Schwellenländer ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Liberalisierung ; Daseinsvorsorge
    Abstract: Building on a recent groundbreaking OECD/World Bank seminar, this volume explores whether and how trade liberalisation can contribute to achieving universal service goals and the types of complementary policies required. It focuses on experiences in four sectors - telecommunications, water and sanitation, financial services, and electricity. The unique multi-sector perspective taken in this book, together with the national case studies, yield insights which can help countries promote their universal access goals. A horizontal assessment also helps determine how far the current services negotiations in the WTO, under the General Agreement on Trade in Services, can aid the attainment of universal service goals.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264009974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Agriculture, Trade and the Environment
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur des grandes cultures
    DDC: 338.173
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    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Agrarpolitik ; Getreidewirtschaft ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: This study takes an in-depth look at the arable crops sector in OECD countries and draws some conclusions about the impacts of agricultural support policies, trade liberalisation, agri-environmental payments, and agri-ennvironmental regulations. It contains economic and structural data, agri-environmental indicators for the arable crops sector, and analysis of the policy measures supporting arable crops farming and addressing environmental issues both at the aggregate country level and regional levels. This is the third in a series of in-depth studies being undertaken by the OECD to investigate the linkages between agriculture, trade and the environment. The first study on the pig sector was published in 2003, and the second study on the dairy sector was published in 2004.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264013742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les réglementations environnementales et l'accès au marché
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environmental requirements and market access
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    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Regulierung ; Export ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift ; Entwicklungsländer ; Export ; Regulierung ; Umweltschutz
    Abstract: Investigating over twenty cases where exports from developing countries faced new environmental requirements, this OECD report examines how environmental requirements can be trade barriers for developing countries. These case studies, covering a diverse number of products and exporting countries, trace a number of environmental regulations, standards and labelling schemes, from conception through implementation. In so doing, they highlight the difference that sensitivity to potential trade effects can make when designing environmental regulations and standards. They also show that timely technical assistance has played a crucial role in helping exporters from developing countries adjust to new environmental requirements without suffering adverse trade effects.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264014626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (305 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Au-delà des tarifs ; Le rôle des obstacles non tarifaires dans le commerce mondial
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Looking beyond tariffs
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Welt ; Trade ; Außenhandel ; Handelshemmnis
    Abstract: The studies in this volume review concerns that exporters and governments have raised about market access. This publication analyses where and why certain non-tariff measures are being applied to traded goods that are covered by multilateral rules and disciplines, and how they continue to represent challenges for exporters and policy makers. The specific measures examined are prohibitions and quotas, non-automatic import licensing schemes, customs fees and charges and export restrictions. By drawing together available recent data and other information, this volume expands the knowledge base of policy makers, negotiators and anyone interested in learning about the use of these measures across countries, applicable international trade rules and remaining market access issues.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264035782
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biens et services environnementaux ; Pour une ouverture des marchés au service de l'environnement et du développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biens et services environnementaux : Pour une ouverture des marchés au service de l'environnement et du développement
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trade that benefits the environment and development
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    Keywords: Natürliche Ressourcen ; Umweltwirtschaft ; GATS ; OECD-Staaten ; APEC-Staaten ; Environment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Umweltschutzindustrie ; Umweltschutz ; Dienstleistung ; Außenhandel ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: This collection of studies is intended as a practical tool to help negotiators navigate the numerous, complex issues that have arisen in international discussions over liberalising trade in environmental goods and services. In addition to explaining the background to the two earlier lists of environmental goods (stemming from separate efforts by the OECD and by the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation Forum), the different chapters: Explore various practical issues related to the classification of environmental goods, including "dual use" goods. Provide concrete examples of synergies between trade in environmental services and environmental goods. Synthesise the findings of various country studies on environmental goods and services undertaken by the OECD and other inter-governmental organisations.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264009332
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les régimes préférentiels dans les domaines agricole et alimentaire ; Les cas de l'Union européenne et des États-Unis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gallezot, Jacques Preferential trading arrangements in agricultural and food markets
    DDC: 382.7
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Handelspräferenzen ; Agraraußenhandel ; EU-Staaten ; USA ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Trade ; European Union ; United States ; Europäische Union ; Handelsabkommen ; Agrarmarkt ; Lebensmittelmarkt ; Entwicklungsländer ; USA ; Handelsabkommen ; Agrarmarkt ; Lebensmittelmarkt ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: Developing countries are concerned that multilateral tariff reductions will harm their agricultural sectors because of preference erosion. The findings in this report suggest that although this may indeed be a problem for some countries in some sectors, factors other than preferential schemes may be limiting developing country exports. The report provides information on the extent to which developing countries have used selected, non-reciprocal preferential trading schemes provided by the EU and the US. Secondary data are complemented by interviews with market operators further clarifying the empirical findings. A special section has been devoted to the preferences granted to African countries highlighting the conditions for this set of developing countries.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264010970
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (339 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les échanges et l'ajustement structurel ; Les enjeux de la mondialisation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trade and structural adjustment
    DDC: 382
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    Keywords: Strukturwandel ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Globalisierung ; Landwirtschaft ; Fischerei ; Textilindustrie ; Stahlindustrie ; Schiffbau ; Kfz-Industrie ; Gesundheitswesen ; Informationstechnik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Außenhandel ; Strukturwandel ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Trade and Structural Adjustment: Embracing Globalisation identifies the requirements for successful reallocation of labour and capital to more efficient uses in response to the emergence of new sources of competition, technological change and shifting consumer preferences. At the same time, it focuses on limiting adjustment costs for individuals, communities and society as a whole. Based on specific sectoral case studies, this volume includes analysis of the adjustment challenge and policy framework in both developed and developing countries, together with practical recommendations for good practice.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264018556
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Textile et vêtement ; Faire face aux mutations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Textile et vêtement : Faire face aux mutations
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von A new world map in textiles and clothing
    DDC: 338.4/7677
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    Keywords: Textilindustrie ; Welttextilabkommen ; Handelsabkommen ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Strukturwandel ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD-Staaten ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Textilindustrie ; Internationalisierung ; Bekleidungsindustrie ; Bekleidungshandel ; Außenhandel
    Abstract: In light of the elimination of quantitative import restrictions under the WTO at the end of 2004, A New World Map in Textiles and Clothing identifies the most recent market developments throughout the entire supply chain, from natural fibres to retail distribution. It outlines the policy and regulatory challenges in the fields of trade, labour adjustment, technology and innovation, and suggests a policy framework to help deal effectively with such changes as well as to capitalise on the trade opportunities that are being created through improved market access. “A highly useful contribution to the debate on policy challenges in textiles and clothing, the book stands out from the others in recognising the influence that trade policy measures continue to exert on investment and production decisions, and in providing a synthesis of key market developments and policy issues.” Munir Ahmad, Executive Director, International Textiles and Clothing Bureau “Policy makers in all textile and clothing trading countries would be wise to heed the sound advice proffered in this comprehensive and thorough, fact-based assessment." Laura Baughman, President, Trade Partnership Worldwide, LLC. “A must read for anybody interested in the future of textiles and clothing around the world. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the expected adjustment process in usefully underscoring the role of technology and innovation and the growing importance of the business facilitation agenda.” Carlos A. Primo Braga, Senior Adviser, International Trade Department, The World Bank
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264016408
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges et migrations ; Pour une main d'oeuvre mobile à l'échelle mondiale
    DDC: 331.12791
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Trade ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Building on a recent groundbreaking OECD/IOM/World Bank seminar which brought together over 300 trade and migration officials, this book examines the main issues in the current debate on trade and migration as they relate to mode 4 and the current WTO services negotiations. It also explores possible ways forward for building greater understanding between the trade and migration policy communities on this important and timely issue, and seeks ways to unleash the potential of the temporary movement of service suppliers to bring significant gains to developed and developing countries alike.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264102798
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 337
    RVK:
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This publication presents a synthesis of recent work of the OECD Joint Group on Trade and Competition focussing on the interface between these two policy domains against the backdrop of an increasingly globalised economy. A Global Forum hold on May 2003 presented an occasion to explore some of the complex issues arising at the trade and competition interface. It also contains a report of those discussions prepared by Dr. Simon Evenett of the World Trade Institute. This book is structured around a number of key themes, including capacity building, combatting hard core cartels, co-operation between competition authorities and core principles for a multilateral framework.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'agriculture et la libéralisation des échanges ; Élargir la portée des Accords d'Uruguay
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    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Uruguay
    Abstract: This report provides information on the average tariff levels and on the use of tariff-rate quotas, export subsidies and export credits by selected OECD countries for temperate-zone agricultural products. The implications of further liberalisation of the various instruments over the medium term are examined. The effects of further trade liberalisation of agricultural markets over the medium-term depend significantly on the modalities and prevailing market conditions against which the liberalisation scenarios are compared. On market access, although the largest impact on world prices is from tariff reductions, each of the current trade policy instruments (i.e. out-of-quota tariffs, in-quota tariffs, and tariff rate quotas) would have to be liberalised to obtain the greatest impact. On export subsidies, their current use is already at levels much lower than Uruguay Round commitments, and elimination would have modest effects for most commodities (except dairy products). This situation could change and further discipline on their use would prevent back-tracking. Export credits used by certain countries are also found to distort trade, although the effects on world markets and average prices remain relatively small, due to the small share of trade facilitated by these programmes and their small per-unit effect. Disciplines are necessary, however, to avoid even greater use of all forms of export competition policies. Countries have embarked on a new round of multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture. The challenge facing policy makers is to build upon the foundations of the URAA to further reduce trade distortions. This requires strengthening the disciplines already established and addressing weaknesses of the current agreement, such as those that have been identified in this report.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges et développement ; Les enjeux
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges et développement : Les enjeux
    DDC: 330
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    Keywords: Free trade Developing countries ; International economic integration ; International trade ; Development ; Trade ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commercial policy ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Welthandel ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: The multilateral trading system has delivered successive rounds of trade liberalisation and established mechanisms to protect the interests of trading nations. The result has been growth for those nations that have recognised the importance of openness and established a domestic policy framework that complements the opportunities presented by trade liberalisation. How have some developing countries been able to turn globalisation to their advantage? What trade issues will need to be addressed if development is to be promoted more broadly? How can the multilateral trading system facilitate the development process? This publication provides an in-depth analysis of the development dimensions of trade, with particular emphasis on the integration of non-OECD countries into the global economy.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264194960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Commerce des services; questions et enjeux des négociations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Commerce des services: questions et enjeux des négociations
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    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services ; Dienstleistungssektor ; Handel ; Handelshemmnis ; Markttransparenz ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: The services sector plays a vital infrastructure role in national economies, employs more people than other sectors, and is the most dynamic sector of world trade. New negotiations under the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services, which began in January 2000, offer an important opportunity to reap the benefits of greater openness in services markets worldwide. The papers in this volume, produced as part of the OECD Trade Directorate's services project, explore fundamental issues for the services negotiations: what are the barriers to trade in services? How can those barriers be addressed in negotiations to ensure meaningful results? How can services liberalisation be bolstered and underpinned by improved regulatory transparency? Ranging from the incidence and impact of economic needs tests, through quantitative and qualitative formulas for reducing the barriers to trade in services, to possible disciplines affording interested parties the opportunity to comment before regulations are enacted, this volume identifies and analyses innovative solutions to the challenges facing services negotiators.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264192188
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Accord sur l'agriculture du cycle d'Uruguay ; Une évaluation de sa mise en oeuvre dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Accord sur l'agriculture du cycle d'Uruguay : Une évaluation de sa mise en oeuvre dans les pays de l'OCDE
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Uruguay ; OECD ; Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations ; Landwirtschaft ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) was a turning point in the reform of the agricultural trade system. It imposed disciplines on trade-distorting domestic policies and established new rules in the areas of market access and export competition. How effective have the three disciplines contained in the URAA been in bringing about a reduction in the level of production-related support and protection? Which elements of the disciplines have proved effective and which ineffective? What policy lessons can be drawn from the experience so far? What might be inferred about opportunities and challenges for further trade liberalisation? This report provides some answers to these questions for all OECD countries. A key conclusion of the report is that the immediate quantitative effects of the URAA on trade and protection levels have been modest. The reasons for this include the weakness of many specific features of the URAA including implementation and methodological issues. Countries have already embarked on a new round of multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture. The challenge facing policy makers is to build upon the foundation of the URAA to further reduce trade distortions. This requires strengthening the disciplines already established under the URAA and addressing those weaknesses of the current agreement which have been identified in this study.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193628
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 382/.7/09177
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Trade ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Electronic books ; Welthandel ; Regulierung ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: As trade barriers at the border have fallen through successive trade negotiations, domestic regulation has emerged as a source of residual but potentially significant trade barriers. Recognising the importance of participating in intensified global competition, countries increasingly see regulatory reform as an inescapable policy to ensure that the expected benefits of globalisation are realised and that differences in national regulatory systems do not become barriers to international trade and investment. In this light, OECD has undertaken a broad-ranging project on regulatory reform, for which market openness is seen as a key objective. The papers collected in this volume were presented at a workshop at OECD that aimed to share national experiences of regulatory reform and trade and to foster consensus-building on best practices. Such practices include enhanced transparency, non-discriminatory due process, independence of regulators and active implementation of competition policy. Other issues raised at the workshop included the challenges for developing countries in pursuing regulatory reform and enhancing market openness, and insights for multilateral trading rule-making emerging from country experiences. The discussions reveal the pervasiveness of the issues raised at the workshop. In examining the recent development of regulatory issues in trade policy making, this volume brings new light to experiences in some parts of Asia and the Western hemisphere as well as to the growing links among trade, regulation and governance.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264192492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques de la concurrence et des échanges ; Options pour une plus grande cohérence
    DDC: 382/.3
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    Keywords: Governance ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books ; Außenhandel ; Wettbewerbspolitik
    Abstract: The OECD Joint Group on Trade and Competition was established in 1996 to help deepen understanding of the complex issues arising at the interface of these two policy domains against a globalising backdrop and explore how best to ensure that both sets of policies are mutually supportive in promoting greater economic efficiency. This publication, the third to arise from Joint Group activities, brings together a series of working papers that Member countries’ trade and competition authorities have considered during the past two years. The objective of the publication is to share with a broader audience the tangible progress made recently by the two communities in the analysis of important issues at the interface between trade and competition policies.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180611
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les mesures commerciales dans les accords multilatéraux sur l'environnement
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    Keywords: Environment ; Trade ; Forschungsbericht ; Umweltpolitik ; Außenhandel ; Handelshemmnis ; Umwelt ; Vereinbarung ; Handelsabkommen ; Regelung
    Abstract: International conventions designed to combat global environmental problems -- known as Multilateral Environmental Agreements or MEAs -- often use trade measures, among other instruments. But in fact the term trade measures covers a variety of provisions, ranging from simple reporting requirements of transboundary movements to the use of trade sanctions imposed to change a country’s environmental behaviour. MEA use of trade measures has not been without controversy in both trade policy and environment policy circles. In order to try and disentangle the various strands of this important set of trade and environment issues, the OECD Joint Session of Trade and Environment Experts focused on the actual experience with the use of trade measures in three universally subscribed MEAs -- CITES (on endangered species), the Montreal Protocol (on ozone layer depleting substances) and the Basel Convention (on hazardous wastes). Whilst the case studies unsurprisingly reveal varying experiences, common issues and main themes, as well as a series of lessons learned, could nonetheless be drawn together from the case study analyses and have been assembled in the concluding chapter of this volume.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188532
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les politiques commerciales de l'Union européenne et leurs effets économiques
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    Keywords: Free trade European Union countries ; Trade ; European Union countries Commerce ; European Union countries Commercial policy ; European Union countries Foreign economic relations ; Europäische Union ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: This book retraces the Communities' external liberalisation efforts, and discusses, where relevant, the repercussions of internal liberalisation on foreign competitors. The aim of this book is to clarify, and when feasible, to quantify the economic effects of the EU’s trade policies. To this end, it provides an overview of past liberalisation efforts, reviews trade indicators in international comparison and lays out the future trade agenda of the Community. According to the empirical evidence provided in this volume, integration in Europe does not seem to have entailed much trade diversion, while trade is likely to have boosted area-wide income significantly. It is openness in general, rather than regional integration, that has favoured growth in Europe.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264182240
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Intégration régionale et réformes intérieures en Méditerranée
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Regional integration and internal reforms in the Mediterranean Area
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    Keywords: Handelsliberalisierung ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Strukturwandel ; Mittelmeerraum ; Ägypten ; Tunesien ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; EU-Staaten ; Mittelmeerraum ; Development ; Trade ; Europäische Union ; Maghreb ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen
    Abstract: The trade liberalisation agreements signed between the European Union and the southern Mediterranean countries carry risks as well as benefits. They reveal structural weaknesses in the partner countries, including continued rent seeking, market segmentation, a weak modern private sector and inadequate fiscal systems. In the short term, since the agreements only cover industrial goods and not agriculture or services, there is a risk of job losses in the domestic industrial sector due to competition from the EU. The authors of this study highlight the opportunities the agreements offer for supporting reforms to encourage industrial restructuring through financial transfers, providing incentives for producers to diversify, and securing new markets. Achieving the reforms, however, will require political will in the southern Mediterranean countries and complementary reforms in the European Union to open its markets further to include those sectors currently excluded from the agreements. Moreover, as demonstrated by the authors' detailed analysis of the Egyptian and Tunisian cases, a regional response to the challenges posed by the agreements is likely to bring more benefits than a purely national response.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Intégration régionale et réformes intérieures en méditerranée
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188006
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les échanges internationaux et les normes fondamentales du travail
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comercio internacional y estándares laborales básicos
    DDC: 327
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Employment ; Trade ; Electronic books ; Welthandel ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Arbeitsrecht ; OECD ; Sozialklausel ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Direktinvestition ; Handelsabkommen
    Abstract: What are the major developments with respect to trade and labour standards since the OECD’s 1996 study on Trade, Employment and Labour Standards? What is being done to promote these standards? What evidence is there of progress? What are the possible links between core labour standards, trade, foreign direct investment, economic development and employment? International Trade and Core Labour Standards addresses these and related questions. It also provides a current overview of key issues with respect to core labour standards and their relation to trade and employment, aiming to provide a common basis for constructive policy dialogue among the concerned parties in the future.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273504
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement ; Pour la cohérence des politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; OECD ; Entwicklungspolitik
    Abstract: The development process can advance more rapidly than ever before in the new global economy. While opening their economies to trade and investment is a necessary condition for developing countries to achieve sustained high growth and reduce poverty, it is by no means a sufficient condition. Initiating a sustainable dynamic growth requires sound, market-oriented economic policies; appropriate social policy frameworks, including strong investment in human capital and adequate social safety-nets; and good governance. But, as shown by the Asian financial crisis, weaknesses in any of these basic foundations make even successful developing economies vulnerable to crisis. OECD countries have a pivotal role to play in facilitating developing countries' efforts to fully exploit the benefits of open trade and investment. The key objective of this report is to identify how OECD countries can promote policy coherence by improving the framework for international investment and capital flows; addressing environmental concerns; facilitating participation of developing countries in the global information society; and enhancing the coherence of development co-operation policies. To be successful, policy coherence implies the broader agenda of consciously taking account of the needs and interests of developing countries in order for them to be effective rather than vulnerable and marginal players in the global economy.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges et concurrence ; Quelles politiques pour demain ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges et concurrence : Quelles politiques pour demain ?
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Trade ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Wettbewerbspolitik
    Abstract: The links between trade policy and competition policy have become more important in recent years. With tariff reductions, trade negotiators are looking increasingly at non-border policies that distort trade and at non-governmental barriers to trade. And, as official barriers to trade and investment fall, firms may have a greater incentive to engage in anti-competitive conduct to protect markets. Hence the need for coherent trade and competition policies. Trade and competition policies each seek to improve the allocation of resources; they complement and reinforce each other. These papers from the OECD Joint Group on Trade and competition examine aspects of those complementarities and relationships and in so doing draw on the OECD’s capacity to analyse questions in a multidisciplinary way. This book -- which includes a whole chapter on the telecommunications sector -- throws new light on all these issues in the lead up to the WTO's new round of negotiations. But whatever the outcome of Seattle, the questions raised in this volume will remain relevant.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173309
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement ; Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; Freihandel ; Globalisierung ; Entwicklung
    Abstract: Developing and transition economies are seeking to accelerate their development by liberalising trade and investment, and taking advantage of the opportunities of the global market place. However, in the wake of recent financial crises, concerns have been expressed that some countries might turn away from open trade and investment. In fact, most crisis-affected countries are continuing to liberalise trade and investment, which they see as part of the solution to the crisis, not the cause. This report reviews evidence of the benefits and challenges of trade and investment for development, drawing on experiences from economies in various parts of the world. Experience shows that open trade and investment have been beneficial for development, when accompanied by a coherent set of growth-oriented macroeconomic and structural policies, capacity-building, social policy and good governance. Further, countries like Korea and Mexico that have responded to economic crisis with liberalisation and structural reform have experienced positive results. All countries -- developed, developing and transition -- have a vital stake in a new Round of multilateral trade negotiations to prepare for the global economy of 21st century.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174023
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les régimes douaniers après l'Uruguay Round ; Bilan et perspectives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les régimes douaniers après l'Uruguay Round : Bilan et perspectives
    RVK:
    Keywords: Trade ; Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations ; Handelshemmnis ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Zollpolitik ; Außenhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Two of the most significant success stories of post-war trade diplomacy and multilateral trade negotiations that have occurred under the auspices of the GATT (now the WTO) have been the massive reductions in tariffs, and the establishment of non-discriminatory tariffs as the principal means of trade protection. When leaders from around the world gather in Seattle, Washington at the end of November 1999, a fresh opportunity to continue dismantling tariff barriers will present itself. This book provides trade negotiators with an indispensable tool that will help them formulate their negotiating objectives and strategies in the area of tariffs; it also provides policy analysts with key data that are necessary to define negotiating scenarios and to impute the corresponding impact on trade, employment and growth. Finally, students of international trade will no longer need to labour over obtaining comprehensive, detailed, and comparable tariff-line data and could proceed to apply these to policy issues and options.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Arrangement sur les crédits à l'exportation ; Bilan et objectifs pour l'avenir 1978/1998
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development The export credit arrangement
    DDC: 332.742
    RVK:
    Keywords: 1978-1998 ; Exportkredit ; Exportkreditversicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Unternehmensethik ; Trade ; OECD ; Welthandel ; Exportkredit
    Abstract: The Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export Credits celebrates its twentieth birthday this year. The 'Arrangement', as the Guidelines are usually known, is a unique form of international co-operation: as a 'gentlemen's agreement', it has no formal status in law – and yet it has brought order to the supply of export credits (government subsidies to exporters), thus saving billions of dollars of taxpayers' money. Thanks to the Arrangement, exporters in OECD countries now compete on the basis of quality and price, not according to the degree of support they receive from the state. Progressive improvements in the Arrangement, moreover, have extended its coverage, preventing trade distortion and subsidy in the form of tied aid and unrealistic premium fees. In this collection of essays, past and present negotiators of the Arrangement's guidelines, Presidents and Chief Executives of export credit agencies, international institutions, private-sector players, economists and others involved with the Arrangement from its earliest days chart its evolution – its inception and progressive expansion, the difficulties encountered and problems solved. They examine the sources of the flexibility that has made the Arrangement so successful in adapting to the changing, globalising world economy. Some of the contributions offer candid insights into the closed world of international negotiations. Others document the response of the Arrangement to the growing sophistication of financial and insurance services. All of them shed light on this increasingly important aspect of international trade.This book will be required reading for anyone interested in the world trading system and the role of export credits in particular, in the relationship between trade and aid, and in international co-operation in general.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'arrangement sur les crédits à l'exportation 1978/1998
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