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  • 1980-1984  (299)
  • 1960-1964  (142)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (332)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing
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  • 1
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 65 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.14
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Après la longue récession qui a suivi le second choc pétrolier, la reprise économique est actuellement amorcée dans la plupart des grands pays de l'OCDE. Elle est d'une importance variable selon les pays : si les Etats-Unis connaissent d'ores et déjà une croissance rapide de la production et une réduction sensible du chômage, on n'observe dans certains pays européens que les tout premiers signes d'un redressement. Néanmoins, la situation semble devoir s'améliorer dans presque tous les pays. En dehors de l'Amérique du Nord, toutefois, on continue de craindré que la reprise ne se révèle fragile dans le cadre de la politique actuellement suivie. De même, on se demande, surtout aux Etats-Unis, si la reprise ne se développera pas trop rapidement, ce qui relancerait l'inflation. Dans la conjoncture actuelle, le problème qui se pose aux autorités est de faire en sorte que ni l'un ni l'autre de ces risques éventuels ne se matérialise afin d'assurer une période d'expansion soutenue. L'étude ...
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  • 2
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 87 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.15
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Conventionally, fiscal policy analysis makes a distinction between "discretionary" budget changes and "built-in stability". This distinction is the first step to defining a structural budget balance operationally. Budget deficits vary automatically with the business cycle. Revenues automatically rise as the economy expands; unemployment transfers are reduced, leaving a deficit or surplus at the cyclical peak which may be termed a "structural" budget balance. The "built-in stabilizer" component of the deficit should be self-cancelling as the cyclical output gap is closed so that it is temporary and non-structural. A structural budget deficit is then that excess of public spending over revenues which would persist if the economy were to grow steadily at its highest sustainable employment rate, i.e. at the same rate as potential output.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264071346
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 477; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 477: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 477 ‘Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264071353
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 477; Genetic Toxicology; Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 477: Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Suite à la décision du Conseil de l’OCDE, l’essai 477 « Toxicologie Génétique : Essais de Mutation Létale Récessive liée au Sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster » a été supprimé le 2 avril 2014.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789282104491
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (86 p)
    Serie: Tables Rondes CEMT no.61
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Goods Distribution Systems in Urban Areas; Report of the Sixty-First Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 15-16 December 1983
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Cette Table ronde examine les dimensions du transport de marchandises en milieu urbain, le contexte de la prise de décision politique et les mesures envisageables pour traiter ces problèmes.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789282105245
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.64
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le coût du transport combiné ; Rapport de la soixante-quatrième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 12 et 13 janvier 1984
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This Round Table examined the various combined transport systems, assessed their costs, technical developements, and benefits, aznd drew a series of conclusions.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264070011
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 205; Avian Dietary Toxicity Test
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 205: Avian Dietary Toxicity Test
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Le but de cette Ligne directrice est de déterminer les effets d'une substance administrée avec de la nourriture aux oiseaux. Des oiseaux sont alimentés par un régime contenant la substance d'essai à différentes concentrations pendant une période de cinq jours. Deux groupes de contrôle et un groupe de traitement pour chacun des cinq niveaux (au moins) de concentrations alimentaires de la substance d'essai devraient être employés. Chaque groupe se compose de 10 oiseaux. La durée minimum de l'essai est de huit jours : cinq jours d'alimentation avec la substance d'essai, suivis de trois jours d'alimentation normale. Des équipements appropriés pour l’élevage d’oiseaux en local clos sont nécessaires. Ceux-ci incluent des mécanismes de régulation de la température, de l'humidité et de la lumière au besoin, ainsi que des cages de capacité suffisante pour élever des oiseaux. La mortalité et les signes de toxicité sont enregistrés quotidiennement. Les observations suivantes devraient être faites pendant l'essai : des signes d'intoxication et de tout autre comportement anormal, la mortalité, le poids corporels et la consommation de nourriture.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264070059
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 207; Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 207: Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Cette Ligne directrice inclut deux méthodes : un essai de toxicité par contact sur papier et un essai avec un sol artificiel. L’espèce recommandée est Eisenia foetida (Michaelsen). L’essai de dépistage initial (essai de contact sur papier filtre) implique d'exposer des vers de terre aux substances d'essai sur papier filtre humide afin d'identifier les produits chimiques potentiellement toxiques pour les vers de terre dans le sol. Cinq doses au moins, choisies dans une série géométrique, et dix répliques au moins (un ver par fiole) pour chaque traitement devraient être employées. Des essais sont faits dans l'obscurité et pendant une période de 48 heures. L'essai avec le sol artificiel fournit des données de toxicité plus représentative de l'exposition naturelle des vers de terre aux produits chimiques. Il implique de maintenir des vers de terre dans les échantillons d'un sol artificiel de composition précisément définie. Cinq concentrations, d'une série géométrique, de la substance d'essai sont appliquées. Une concentration ne provoquant aucune mortalité et une concentration provoquant une mortalité totale devraient être employées. Quatre réplicats pour chaque traitement sont recommandées. La mortalité est relevée les jours 7 et 14 après l’application.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264071360
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 478; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 478: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Dominant lethal (DL) effects cause embryonic or foetal death. Induction of a dominant lethal event after exposure to a test substance (liquid, solid, vapour or gas, …) indicates that the substance has affected germinal tissue of the test species. Dominant lethals are generally accepted to be the result of chromosomal aberrations (structural and numerical anomalies), but gene mutations and toxic effects cannot be excluded. This Test Guideline recommends rats or mice as the test species. Generally, male animals are exposed to the test substance and mated to untreated virgin females. The most widely used is the single administration of the test substance by oral or by intraperitoneal injection. Normally, three dose levels should be used. The various germ cell stages can be tested separately by the use of sequential mating intervals. The females are sacrificed after an appropriate period of time, and the contents of the uteri are examined to determine the numbers of implants and live and dead embryos. The calculation of the dominant lethal effect is based on comparison of the live implants per female in the treated group to the live implants per female in the control group.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264069992
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 204; Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test; 14-Day Study
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 204: Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Suite à la décision du Conseil de l’OCDE, l’essai 204 "Poisson, Toxicité Prolongée: Étude sur 14 Jours" a été supprimé le 2 avril 2014.
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  • 11
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264167834
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transfer Pricing and Multinational Enterprises; Three Taxation Issues
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264167803
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (92 p)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Prix de transfert et entreprises multinationales ; Trois études fiscales
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation
    Kurzfassung: Digitised document - Electronic release on 24/11/2011
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070004
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 205; Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 205: Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this Test Guideline is to determine the effects of a substance administered with food to birds. Birds are fed a diet containing the test substance at a range of concentrations for a period of five days. Two control groups and one treatment group for each of the, at least, five dietary levels of the test substance should be used. Each group consists of 10 birds. The minimum duration of the test is eight days: five days on the test diet followed by a minimum of three days on normal diet. Suitable facilities for holding birds indoors are necessary. These include mechanisms for temperature, humidity and light control as required, as well as pens of suitable capacity for rearing the birds. Mortalities and signs of toxicity are recorded daily. The following observations should be made during the test: signs of intoxication and other abnormal behaviour; mortality; body weights; food consumption.
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  • 14
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.12
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Le présent document étudie l'influence des conditions du marché du travail, des revenus réels et des transferts publics sur l'évolution des taux d'activité, à l'aide d'un modèle néo-classique de maximisation de l'utilité. Le modèle de base est complété par des facteurs socio-démographiques tels que le développement de l'enseignement supérieur, la croissance du secteur des services et les variations de la répartition par âge de la population d'âge actif. Trois techniques différentes ont été utilisées pour estimer les équations des taux d'activité féminins et masculins, sur la base de séries chronologiques portant sur six grands pays. On a également effectué une extrapolation à 1990 des effectifs d'âge actif et des taux d'activité afin de faciliter l'analyse des tendances que pourrait marquer la population active dans les années à venir ...
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070042
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 207; Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 207: Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline includes two methods: a paper contact toxicity test and an artificial soil test. The recommended specie is Eisenia foetida (Michaelsen). The initial screening test (filter paper contact test) involves exposing earthworms to test substances on moist filter paper in order to identify potentially toxic chemicals to earthworms in soil. Five or more treatment levels in a geometric series and, at least, ten replicates (one worm per vial) for each treatment should be used. Tests are done in the dark and for a period of 48 hours. The artificial soil test gives toxicity data more representative of natural exposure of earthworms to chemicals. It involves keeping earthworms in samples of a precisely defined artificial soil. Five concentrations, in a geometric series, of the test substance have been applied. One concentration resulting in no mortality and one resulting in total mortality should be used. Four replicates for each treatment are recommended. Mortality is assessed 7 and 14 days after application.
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.13
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: In recent years the behaviour of the income velocity of money in major OECD economies has displayed considerable volatility for both narrow and broad monetary aggregates (Table 1). Velocity in a number of large OECD economies, for example, fell sharply in 1982. Most notably, declines in the income velocity of M1, M2 and M3 in the United States of 2.3, 4.9 and 5.9 per cent, respectively, were large by historical standards. Such movements in velocity may arise as a consequence of changes in money demand in two important ways: they may result from movements along the money demand function, as the normal implication of changes in its interest rate and inflation expectations arguments; and the money demand function itself may shift (money demand instability), leading to unpredictable changes in velocity. Velocity may also move as the mechanical result of policies by the authorities which alter the supply of money in the short run, while the private sector is able to adjust only with ...
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789282105252
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (269 p)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.65
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le transport public dans les aires rurales ; Transport de ligne et de ramassage ; rapport de la soixante-cinquième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 16 et 17 février 1984
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This Round Table on Public Transport in Rural Areas includes reports from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789282104552
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (84 p)
    Serie: Tables Rondes CEMT no.67
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Aims and Effects of Public Financial Support for Passenger Transport; Report of the Sixty-Seventh Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 10-11 May 1984
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789282104521
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (126 p)
    Serie: Tables Rondes CEMT no.64
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Cost of Combined Transport; Report of the Sixty-Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 12-13 January 1984
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Cette Table ronde examine les différents systèmes de transport combiné, estime leurs coûts, les évolutions techniques et les avantages et parvient à une série de conclusions.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789282105221
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (80 p)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.61
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Systèmes de distribution des marchandises dans les aires urbaines ; Rapport de la soixante-et-unième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 15 et 16 décembre 1983
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This Round Table examines the dimensions of urban goods transport, the policy making context, and possible courses of action to deal with issues.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789282104514
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Tables Rondes CEMT no.63
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Costs and Benefits of Road Safety Measures; Report of the Sixty-Third Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 17-18 November 1983
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Cette Table ronde examine les coûts et les avantages des mesures de sécurité routière. Elle étudie les méthodologies, les perspectives et les expériences des pays avant de parvenir à une série de conclusions.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789282104538
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (296 p)
    Serie: Tables Rondes CEMT no.65
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Public Transport in Rural Areas; Scheduled and Non-Scheduled Services; Report of the Sixty-Fifth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 15-16 February 1984
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Cette Table ronde sur le transport public dans les aires rurales comprend des rapports sur la Belgique, le Danemark, la France, l’Allemagne, la Suisse et le Royaume-Uni.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264071377
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 478; Genetic Toxicology; Rodent Dominant Lethal Test
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 478: Genetic Toxicology: Rodent Dominant Lethal Test
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Les effets létaux dominants (LD) causent la mort embryonnaire ou foetale. L’induction d'un événement létal dominant après exposition à une substance d'essai (liquide, solide, vapeur ou gaz,…) indique que la substance a affecté le tissu germinal des espèces d'essai. Les effets létaux dominants sont souvent le résultat des aberrations chromosomiques (anomalies structurales et numériques), mais les mutations géniques et les effets toxiques ne peuvent pas être exclus. Cette Ligne directrice recommande des rats ou des souris comme espèces d'essai. Généralement, des mâles sont exposés à la substance d'essai et accouplés aux femelles vierges non traitées. Le moyen le plus employé est l'administration unique de la substance d'essai par voie orale ou par injection intrapéritonéale. Normalement, trois niveaux de dose devraient être employés. Les différentes étapes de la formation des cellules germinales peuvent être testées séparément en employant différents intervalles d'accouplement. Les femelles sont sacrifiées après une période appropriée, et le contenu des utérus est examiné pour déterminer les nombres d'implants et d'embryons vivants et morts. Le calcul de l'effet létal dominant repose sur la comparaison du nombre d'embryons implantés vivants par femelle dans le groupe traité et dans le groupe témoin.
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070028
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 206; Oiseaux, essai de reproduction
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 206: Oiseaux, essai de reproduction
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this Test Guideline is to determine the effects on the reproduction of a substance administered with food to birds.Birds are fed a diet containing the test substance in various concentrations for a period of not less than 20 weeks. A minimum of three dietary concentrations of the test substance is required. The maximum recommended test concentration is 1000 ppm. Birds may be kept in pens as pairs (at least 12 pens per test group) or as groups of one male and two or three females (at least 8-12 pens per group). Birds are induced, by photoperiod manipulation, to lay eggs. Eggs are collected over a ten-week period, artificially incubated and hatched, and the young maintained for 14 days. Suitable facilities for rearing birds, preferably indoors, are necessary. Mortality of adults, egg production, cracked eggs, egg shell thickness (at least two eggs from each pen), viability, hatchability and effects on young birds are observed during the study.
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.16
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The international financial linkage block of the OECD Secretariat's multi-country model, INTERLINK, is based on a portfolio balance model of exchange rate determination. International consistency is ensured by cross country restrictions on parameters imposed during estimation (1). However, in an earlier version of the model, the specification of the domestic financial sector for each country was too rudimentary for simulation analysis under alternative monetary policy assumptions. The main element missing from this version of the model was an explicit formulation of the money demand and supply process (2). This gap has been filled in the version of the model reported in this study, which opens the way for a more comprehensive set of alternative policy regimes under which the model can be run, notably: non-accommodating monetary policy; managed floating; fixed exchange rates; and floating with accommodating monetary policy. These will be elaborated upon in more detail below. In a ...
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789282104569
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (77 p)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.67
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Objectifs et effets de l'intervention financière des pouvoirs publics dans les transports de personnes ; Rapport de la soixante-septième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 10 et 11 mai 1984
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This Round Table examines the aims and effects of public subsidies for passenger transport.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789282105214
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (117 p)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.62
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Possibilités et limites d'une polique de réglementation dans les transports ; Rapport de la soixante-deuxième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 29 et 30 septembre 1983
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This Round Table examines the history, possibilities and limits of regulation in transport policy.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789282105238
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164 p)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.63
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Coûts et avantages des mesures de sécurité routière ; Rapport de la soixante-troisième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 17 et 18 novembre 1983
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This Round Table examines the costs and benefits of road safety measures, examining methodologies, prospects and country experiences before drawing a series of conclusions.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789282104507
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Tables Rondes CEMT no.62
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Possibilities and Limits of Regulation in Transport Policy; Report of the Sixty-Second Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 29-30 September 1983
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Cette Table ronde examine l’histoire, les possibilités et les limites de la réglementation de la politique des transports.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264069985
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 204; Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 204: Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 204 ‘Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
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  • 31
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.11
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: La présente étude examine les données dont on dispose quant à l'incidence exercée sur la répartition des revenus, dans un certain nombre de pays de l'OCDE, par la fiscalité et la dépense publique. Elle entre dans le cadre d'une étude plus vaste, portant sur le rôle du secteur public, et destinée à être publiée ultérieurement. Son apport principal consiste à rassembler les résultats d'études existantes, qu'elle présente sous une forme grosso modo comparable, et non à effectuer de nouvelles analyses ou à fournir de nouveaux résultats. Les informations y sont présentées de manière à permettre au lecteur d'apprécier l'influence exercée sur la répartition du revenu par les transferts publics en espèces, les avantages découlant de la dépense publique et la fiscalité, tant isolément que dans leur ensemble. L'étude décrit brièvement la méthodologie sur laquelle s'appuient ces estimations et en examine les principaux résultats, pays par pays et de manière globale ...
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.17
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report contains a new set of results on the levels of real per capita GDP and its main components in OECD countries in 1980, with estimates for later years upto 1984. Real per capita GDP is obtained by valuing the goods and services in different countries at a fixed set of prices, namely, the average prices prevailing at the time within the group of countries covered. This procedure is essentially the same as that used to measure volume changes over time within a single country when the fixed prices of some base year are used to compile expenditure or output series at constant prices. The international measures of real per capita GDP for different countries can therefore be interpreted in the same way as the volume indices which are used to measure real rates of growth within a single country. These international volume measures may be contrasted with measures of per capita GDP which are frequently obtained by converting data for different countries into a single currency ...
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  • 33
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070035
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 206; Avian Reproduction Test
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 206: Avian Reproduction Test
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Le but de cette Ligne directrice est de déterminer les effets sur la reproduction d'une substance administrée avec de la nourriture aux oiseaux. Des oiseaux sont alimentés par un régime contenant la substance d'essai à différentes concentrations pendant une période de moins de 20 semaines. Un minimum de trois concentrations alimentaires de la substance d'essai est exigé. La concentration maximum d'essai recommandée est de 1000 ppm. Les oiseaux peuvent être répartis dans les cages, soit en couple (au moins 12 cages par groupe d'essai), soit un mâle et deux ou trois femelles (au moins 8-12 cages par groupe) Les oiseaux sont amenés, par modification de la photopériode, à pondre des oeufs. Les oeufs sont rassemblés sur une période de dix semaines, artificiellement incubés et éclosent, et les jeunes sont élevés pendant 14 jours. Les équipements appropriés pour élever des oiseaux, de préférence en local clos, sont nécessaires. On observe la mortalité des adultes, la production d'oeufs, les oeufs fêlés, l'épaisseur de la coquille (au moins deux oeufs de chaque cage), la viabilité, l’éclosabilité et les effets sur de jeunes oiseaux pendant l'étude.
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  • 34
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955523
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 196 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: This text is concerned with those aspects of mathematics that are necessary for first-degree students of chemistry. It is written from the point of view that an element of mathematical rigour is essential for a proper appreciation of the scope and limitations of mathematical methods, and that the connection between physical principles and their mathematical formulation requires at least as much study as the mathematical principles themselves. It is written with chemistry students particularly in mind because that subject provides a point of view that differs in some respects from that of students of other scientific disciplines. Chemists in particular need insight into three­ dimensional geometry and an appreciation of problems involving many variables. It is also a subject that draws particular benefit from having available two rigorous disciplines, those of mathematics and of thermodynamics. The benefit of rigour is that it provides a degree of certainty which is valuable in a subject of such complexity as is provided by the behaviour of real chemical systems. As an experimen­ tal science, we attempt in chemistry to understand and to predict behaviour by combining precise experimental measurement with such rigorous theory as may be at the time available; these seldom provide a complete picture but do enable areas of uncertainty to be identified
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Algebraic and geometrical methods1.1 Natural numbers -- 1.2 Units and dimensional analysis -- 1.3 Functional notation -- 1.4 Quadratic and higher-order equations -- 1.5 Dependent and independent variables -- 1.6 Graphical methods -- 1.7 Some geometrical methods -- 1.8 Factorials and gamma functions -- 1.9 Probability -- 1.10 Complex numbers -- 2 Differential calculus -- 2.1 Significance and notation -- 2.2 The calculus limit -- 2.3 Differentiation of simple functions -- 2.4 The use of differentials; implicit differentiation -- 2.5 Logarithms and exponentials -- 2.6 The chain rule and differentiation by substitution -- 2.7 Turning points: maxima, minima and points of inflection -- 2.8 Maxima and minima subject to constraint; Lagrange’s method of undetermined multipliers -- 2.9 Series -- 2.10 The evaluation of limits by L’Hôpital’s rule -- 2.11 The principles of Newtonian mechanics -- 3 Differential calculus in three or more dimensions; partial differentiation -- 3.1 Significance and notation -- 3.2 An alternative approach to calculus -- 3.3 The total differential -- 3.4 General expression for a total differential -- 3.5 Exact differentials -- 3.6 Relations between partial derivatives -- 3.7 Extensive and intensive variables; Euler’s theorem -- 3.8 Taylor’s theorem in partial derivatives -- 3.9 Vectors -- 4 Integration -- 4.1 Significance and notation -- 4.2 Standard methods of integration -- 4.3 Standard forms of integral and numerical methods -- 4.4 Multiple integration -- 4.5 Differentiation of integrals; Leibnitz’s theorem -- 4.6 The Euler-Maclaurin Theorem -- 5 Applications of integration -- 5.1 Plane area -- 5.2 Plane elements of area -- 5.3 Elements of volume; polar coordinates in three dimensions -- 5.4 Line integrals -- 5.5 Curve length by integration -- 5.6 Applications of multiple integration -- 5.7 The calculus of variations -- 5.8 Generalized dynamics -- 6 Differential equations -- 6.1 Significance and notation -- 6.2 Equations of first order, first degree -- 6.3 Linear differential equations -- 6.4 Integral transforms -- 7 Experimental error and the method of least squares -- 7.1 Significance -- 7.2 Root-mean-square error -- 7.3 Distribution of error -- 7.4 The statistical analysis of experimental data -- 7.5 Propagation of error -- 7.6 Small-sample errors -- 7.7 The normal distribution of error -- 7.8 The method of least squares -- Appendix SI units, physical constants and conversion factors; the Greek alphabet and a summary of useful relations -- Index.
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  • 35
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401770484
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 1207 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science.
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  • 36
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401576888
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 332 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 25
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 25
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: The Sociological Turn -- The Pseudo-Science of Science? -- The Strengths of the Strong Programme -- The Strong Program: A Dialogue -- Problems of Intelligibility and Paradigm Instances -- The Rational and the Social in the History of Science -- A Plague on Both Your Houses -- Two Historiographical Strategies: Ideas and Social Conditions in the History of Science -- The Role of Arational Factors in Interpretive History: The Case of Kant and ESP -- On the Sociology of Belief, Knowledge, and Science -- Scientific and Other Interests -- The Sociology of Reasons: Or Why “Epistemic Factors” are Really “Social Factors”.
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  • 37
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955400
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 210 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction to electron beam instruments -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Basic properties of electron emitters -- 1.3 Electron optics, electron lenses and deflection systems -- References -- 2 Electron-specimen interactions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Elastically scattered electrons -- 2.3 Inelastically scattered electrons -- 2.4 Generation of X-rays -- 2.5 Generation of Auger electrons -- 2.6 Generation of electron beam induced current and cathodoluminescence signals -- References -- 3 Layout and operational modes of electron beam instruments -- 3.1 Transmission electron microscopy -- 3.2 Scanning electron microscopy -- 3.3 Scanning transmission electron microscopy -- 3.4 Auger electron spectroscopy -- 3.5 Electron microprobe analysis -- 3.6 X-ray spectrometers -- 3.7 Electron spectrometers -- References -- 4 Interpretation of diffraction information -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Analysis of electron diffraction patterns -- 4.3 Interpretation of diffraction maxima associated with phase transformations and magnetic samples -- 4.4 Interpretation of diffraction patterns from twinned crystals -- 4.5 Interpretation of channelling patterns and backscattered electron patterns in scanning electron microscopy -- References -- 5 Analysis of micrographs in TEM, STEM, HREM and SEM -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Theories of diffraction contrast in transmission electron microscopy -- 5.3 Analysis of images in transmission electron microscopy -- 5.4 Influence of electron optical conditions on images in TEM and STEM -- 5.5 Interpretation of high resolution electron microscopy images -- 5.6 Interpretation of scanning electron microscopy images -- References -- 6 Interpretation of analytical data -- 6.1 Interpretation of X-ray data -- 6.2 Interpretation of data from thin samples -- 6.3 Interpretation of X-ray data from bulk samples -- 6.4 Interpretation of electron energy loss spectra -- 6.5 Interpretation of Auger spectra -- 6.6 Spatial resolution of analysis -- References -- Appendix A The reciprocal lattice -- Appendix B Interplanar distances and angles in crystals. Cell volumes. Diffraction group symmetries -- Appendix C Kikuchi maps, standard diffraction patterns and extinction distances -- Appendix D Stereomicroscopy and trace analysis -- Appendix E Tables of X-ray and EELS energies.
    Kurzfassung: The examination of materials using electron beam techniques has developed continuously for over twenty years and there are now many different methods of extracting detailed structural and chemical information using electron beams. These techniques which include electron probe microanalysis, trans­ mission electron microscopy, Auger spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy have, until recently, developed more or less independently of each other. Thus dedicated instruments designed to optimize the performance for a specific application have been available and correspondingly most of the available textbooks tend to have covered the theory and practice of an individual technique. There appears to be no doubt that dedicated instru­ ments taken together with the specialized textbooks will continue to be the appropriate approach for some problems. Nevertheless the underlying electron-specimen interactions are common to many techniques and in view of the fact that a range of hybrid instruments is now available it seems appropriate to provide a broad-based text for users of these electron beam facilities. The aim of the present book is therefore to provide, in a reasonably concise form, the material which will allow the practitioner of one or more of the individual techniques to appreciate and to make use of the type of information which can be obtained using other electron beam techniques.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789401746977
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 318 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Grammar, Comparative and general ; Linguistics ; Translating and interpreting
    Kurzfassung: Alltranslation is a compromise-the effort to be literal and the e. ffort to be idiomatic BenjaminJowett (1817-93) This book is designed to provide intermediate and advanced students of English with practice in the translation ofDutch texts into English. It contains fifty prose passages, most of them taken from recent Dutch novels or journals, all of them tried out on several generations of our own students in the 'pre-kandidaatsfase' of their studies at the English Department of the University of Nijmegen. In these respects, it is not spectacularly different from many other books ofits kind. We have, however, tried to offer the student rather more support in his translation work than is usually clone: each text is provided with a suggested translation of the first few lines and with notes containing information on grammar and idiom, sometimes preceded by supplementary material from British or American sources. The second part of the book comprises a short contrastive grammar speciallywritten to meet theneeds oftheuser. In this way wehope to offer a self-contained translation course which reinforces the interdependence of grammar, vocabulary, textual interpretation and style. Most ofthe texts in this book are reproduced in substantially the sameform and wording as in the original sources. In some cases editing was necessary in order, for example, to reduce long articles to more manageable proportions. In no cases, however, were we moved to doctor the originals in order to disambiguate them or to make them easier to translate.
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  • 39
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401748902
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 242 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Phonology ; Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology.
    Kurzfassung: Inhoud -- 1. Inleiding -- 2. Abstractheid -- 3. Niet-Lineaire Fonologie -- 4. Fonologie, Morfologie en Het Lexicon -- 5. Fonologie, Domeinen en Syntaxis -- Bibliografie.
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  • 40
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400941151
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction2 Ecology and Planning -- 2.1 The planning component -- 2.2 The ecological component -- 3 Ecological Methodology -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 Ecological surveys for metalliferous mining proposals -- 3.3 Predicting the environmental impact of a major reservoir development -- 3.4 Ecological modelling in impact analysis -- 4 Planning Procedures for Environmental Impact Analysis -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.2 Experience with environmental impact assessment procedures in the USA -- 4.3 Ontario Hydro and Canadian environmental impact assessment procedures -- 4.4 Environmental impact assessment procedures within the European Economic Community -- 4.5 Proposals for environmental impact assessment procedures in the UK -- 4.6 The role of environmental impact assessment in development control and policy decision-making -- 5 Ecological Considerations in Rural Planning -- 5.1 Overview -- 5.2 The impacts of agriculture and forestry on wildlife, landscape and access in the countryside -- 5.3 Landscape evaluation and the impact of changing land-use on the rural environment: the problem and an approach -- 5.4 Conservation and value judgements -- 5.5 Planning a new countryside -- 6 Policy Planning -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Ecological requirements for decision-making regarding medium-scale developments in the urban environment -- 6.3 A prospectus for nature conservation within the Moray Firth: in retrospect -- 6.4 Environmental impact assessment procedures used in a strategic study of water resource development options -- 6.5 Assessing the impacts on plants of major highway developments -- 7 Project Planning -- 7.1 Overview -- 7.2 Ecological information and methodologies required for environmental assessment of Canadian power generation installations -- 7.3 Role of research in meeting environmental assessment needs for power station siting -- 7.4 Assessing the impact of major on-shore oil installations: the example of Sullom Voe -- 7.5 The ecology of oil development in Scapa Flow, Orkney -- 7.6 Assessing the impact of major developments on water resources -- 7.7 Assessing the impact of industrial emissions to the atmosphere -- 7.8 Ecological assessments of the effects of atmospheric emissions -- 8. Environmental Audits and Research Needs -- 8.1 Overview -- 8.2 Experience of environmental impact assessment procedures in Ireland -- 8.3 A retrospective view of the environmental impact on Upper Teesdale of the Cow Green Reservoir -- 8.4 Predicting the impact of oil terminal development on the in-shore marine environment: retrospective analysis -- 8.5 The need for research on environmental impact assessment -- 9. Conclusions.
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  • 41
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955769
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Signals, systems and communications -- Communication signals -- Communication channels -- Communication Networks -- Telecommunications Worldwide -- 2 Signal representation and analysis -- The time domain -- The frequency domain -- Fourier series analysis -- Frequency domain representation of aperiodic signals -- Fourier transforms -- Frequency domain representation for signals of arbitrary waveshape -- Amplitude distribution of signals -- 3 Sinusoidal carrier modulation -- Amplitude modulation -- Angle modulation -- Frequency division multiplexing -- 4 Radio receiver principles -- Tuned radio frequency (TRF) receiver -- Superheterodyne (superhet) receivers -- 5 Pulse modulation systems -- Pulse amplitude modulation -- Other pulse modulation schemes -- Time division multiplexing -- 6 Pulse code modulation -- Quantization -- Sampling and pulse encoding -- Non-uniform quantization -- Differential pulse code modulation -- PCM-TDM telephony -- 7 Digital communications -- Digital transmission -- The eye diagram -- Signal design -- Error probability -- Coding for digital transmission -- Digital modulation -- 8 Systems case studies -- Broadcast FM radio -- Television systems -- Videotex systems -- Appendix: Decibels -- Answers to Numerical Problems.
    Kurzfassung: This book provides a first introduction to the subject of telecommunications suit­ able for first and second year undergraduates following degree or similar courses in electronic engineering. There are very few specific prerequisites other than a general background in electric circuit principles and a level of mathematical maturity consistent with entry to engineering courses in British universities. The intention is to provide a broad perspective of modern telecommunication principles and applications. Following a general overview of telecommunications, a thorough, albeit introductory, treatment is provided of underlying principles such as signal representation and analysis, sampling, analogue and digital trans­ of several mission, modulation and coding. The book concludes with a description important systems applications which serve as case studies to illustrate further the principles introduced and demonstrate their application in a practical context. Many people have contributed, directly and indirectly, to this book. I am espe­ cially grateful to Professor Kel Fidler of the Open University for suggesting that I write the book and for the support and guidance he has provided throughout the endeavour. The Telecommunications Research Group of the Department of Elec­ trical Engineering Science at the University of Essex has provided a stimulating environment in which to develop my appreciation of telecommunication systems and in particular Professor Ken Cattermole has influenced my thinking greatly.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Signals, systems and communicationsCommunication signals -- Communication channels -- Communication Networks -- Telecommunications Worldwide -- 2 Signal representation and analysis -- The time domain -- The frequency domain -- Fourier series analysis -- Frequency domain representation of aperiodic signals -- Fourier transforms -- Frequency domain representation for signals of arbitrary waveshape -- Amplitude distribution of signals -- 3 Sinusoidal carrier modulation -- Amplitude modulation -- Angle modulation -- Frequency division multiplexing -- 4 Radio receiver principles -- Tuned radio frequency (TRF) receiver -- Superheterodyne (superhet) receivers -- 5 Pulse modulation systems -- Pulse amplitude modulation -- Other pulse modulation schemes -- Time division multiplexing -- 6 Pulse code modulation -- Quantization -- Sampling and pulse encoding -- Non-uniform quantization -- Differential pulse code modulation -- PCM-TDM telephony -- 7 Digital communications -- Digital transmission -- The eye diagram -- Signal design -- Error probability -- Coding for digital transmission -- Digital modulation -- 8 Systems case studies -- Broadcast FM radio -- Television systems -- Videotex systems -- Appendix: Decibels -- Answers to Numerical Problems.
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  • 42
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401169486
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (388 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1: The Organism and its Environment1.1 The organism and its abiotic environment: limits to tolerance -- 1.2 Interactions between environmental variables -- 1.3 Macro-environment and micro-environment -- 1.4 Adjustment of tolerance limits -- 1.5 Homeostasis: avoidance of the problem -- 1.6 Behavioural mechanisms for homeostasis -- 1.7 Adaptive suites -- 1.8 Organism and abiota: a two-way interaction -- 2: The Ecological Community -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Communities and ecosystems -- 2.3 Biotic relationships -- 2.4 The organism in the community -- 2.5 The community level of organisation -- 2.6 Tropho-dynamic analyses -- 2.7 Community structure -- 2.8 Analyses of food web design -- 2.9 Subcompartments in community structure -- 2.10 Common denominators of community design -- 2.11 Species-abundance relationships -- 2.12 Species associations -- 2.13 Niche relationships and design rules -- 2.14 The structure of particular communities -- 2.15 Community flux -- 3: Community Dynamics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The community as a system of energy transformations -- 3.3 Energy relationships of individuals -- 3.4 Energy relationships in the community -- 3.5 Energy flow within the community: the tropho-dynamic approach -- 3.6 Limitations of energy analysis -- 3.7 The flow of nutrients within communities -- 3.8 The importance of the decomposers -- 4: Temporal Change in Community Structure and Function -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Short-term cycles in community structure -- 4.3 Shifts in community structure: colonisation and extinction -- 4.4 Succession -- 4.5 Characteristics of succession -- 4.6 The mechanics of succession -- 4.7 What stops the successional process? -- 4.8 Climax communities -- 4.9 Succession as a necessary mathematical consequence -- 5: The Concept of the Niche -- 5.1 Introduction and definition of niche -- 5.2 Parameters of the niche -- 5.3 Factors affecting the niche and its parameters -- 5.4 Niche separation -- 5.5 Niche overlap -- 5.6 Measures of niche width, separation and overlap -- 5.7 Niche relationships and community structure -- 5.8 Parallel niches -- 6: Interspecific Competition and Community Structure -- 6.1 Introduction and definitions of competition -- 6.2 Interspecific competition -- 6.3 The mechanics of competition -- 6.4 Niche overlap and competition -- 6.5 The effects of interspecific competition within the community: exclusion and coexistence -- 6.6 Diffuse competition and indirect competitive effects -- 6.7 Competition as a selection pressure promoting change -- 6.8 Niche shifts and evolutionary change due to competition -- 6.9 Interspecific competition in natural systems -- 7: Population Structure and Analysis -- 7.1 What is population ecology? -- 7.2 Theoretical population growth -- 7.3 The analytic (life table) approach -- 7.4 Simulation of population events -- 7.5 Towards a general population theory -- 8: Competition and Population Stability -- 8.1 Introduction: inter and intra-specific competition and population stability -- 8.2 Regulation in vertebrate populations -- 8.3 Population cycles in vertebrates -- 8.4 Population cycles in invertebrates -- 9: Predators, Parasitoids and Population Stability -- 9.1 Why study predators and parasitoids? -- 9.2 Analytical models and the components of prédation -- 9.3 Predator development and accumulation -- 9.4 A theoretical basis for biological control -- 9.5 Polyphagous predators and analytical models -- 9.6 Field studies of the role of polyphagous predators -- 9.7 The effects of prédation on prey productivity and community structure -- 10: Evolution and Adaptation -- 10.1 Evolution and ecology -- 10.2 Adaptation -- 10.3 Bionomic strategies -- 10.4 Implications of r- and K-selection -- 10.5 Adaptiveness of foraging strategy -- 10.6 Optimal foraging -- 10.7 Reproductive strategy -- 10.8 Adaptiveness of social group -- 10.9 Optimality and evolutionarily stable strategies -- 10.10 The evolution of stable strategies -- 11: Coevolution -- 11.1 Insect-plant interactions -- 11.2 Larger herbivores -- 11.3 Interaction of plant-herbivore populations -- 11.4 Coevolution to mutualism -- 11.5 Coadapted systems -- 12: Species Diversity -- 12.1 Diversity as a descriptor of ecological communities -- 12.2 Measures of diversity -- 12.3 Resolution of chaos in diversity indices -- 12.4 The S component of diversity: why are there so many kinds of organisms? -- 12.5 Colonisation, extinction and island biogeography -- 12.6 Saturation point -- 12.7 Equitability -- 12.8 Factors promoting species diversity -- 12.9 Theories of diversity -- 13: Stability -- 13.1 Definitions -- 13.2 Stability of single species populations -- 13.3 Stability of two or three species systems -- 13.4 Community stability -- 13.5 Diversity and stability -- 13.6 May’s Paradox -- 13.7 Stability and food web design -- 13.8 The energetics of stable systems -- 13.9 Causes for stability -- References -- Acknowledgements.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789400936997
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXI, 585 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
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  • 44
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401730488
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 484 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 40
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library 40
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Kurzfassung: The quantitative revolution in geography has passed. The spirited debates of the past decades have, in one sense, been resolved by the inclusion of quantitative techniques into the typical geographer's set of methodological tools. A new decade is upon us. Throughout the quantitative revolution, geographers ransacked related disciplines and mathematics in order to find tools which might be applicable to problems of a spatial nature. The early success of Berry and Marble's Spatial Analysis and Garrison and Marble's volumes on Quantitative Geog­ raphy is testimony to their accomplished search. New developments often depend heavily on borrowed ideas. It is only after these developments have been established that the necessary groundwork for true innovation ob­ tains. In the last decade, geographers significantly -augmented their methodologi­ cal base by developing quantitative techniques which are specifically directed towards analysis of explicitly spatial problems. It should be pointed out, however, that the explicit incorporation of space into quantitative techniques has not been the sole domain of geographers. Mathematicians, geologists, meteorologists, economists, and regional scientists have shared the geo­ grapher's interest in the spatial component of their analytical tools.
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  • 45
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401576864
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 308 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 23
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 23
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Music ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Defining the Problem Situation -- The Mathematical Approach -- The Experimental Approach -- The Mechanistic Approach -- Contacts and Criticisms -- An Example From the Second Generation -- Conclusions.
    Kurzfassung: The soul rejoices in perceiving harmonious sound; when the sound is not harmonious it is grieved. From these affects of the soul are derived the name of consonances for the harmonic proportions, and the name of dissonances for the unharmonic proportions. When to this is added the other harmonie proportion whieh consists of the longer or shorter duration of musical sound, then the soul stirs the body to jumping dance, the tongue to inspired speech, according to the same laws. The artisans accommodate to these harmonies the blows of their hammers, the soldiers their pace. As long as the harmonies endure, everything is alive; everything stiffens, when they are disturbed.! Thus the German astronomer, Johannes Kepler, evokes the power of music. Where does this power come from? What properties of music enable it to stir up emotions which may go far beyond just feeling generally pleased, and which may express themselves, for instance, in weeping; in laughing; in trembling over the whole body; in a marked acceleration of breathing and heartbeat; in participating in the rhythm with the head, the hands, the arms, and the feet? From the beginning of musical theory the answer to this question has been sought in two different directions.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789400932852
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 3 - PsychoNeuroImmunoLoGy and Breakdown in Adaptation: Interactions Within The Central Nervous System, The Immune and Endocrine SystemsImmunology for nonimmunologists: some guidelines for incipient psychoneuroimmunologists -- Neuroendocrine interactions with brain and behaviour: a model for psychoneuroimmunology ? -- Psychoneuroimmunology -- Emotions, immunity and disease: an historical and philosophical perspective -- Immunoglobulins as stress markers ? -- Problems of clinical interdisciplinary research - investigation into bronchial asthma as a paradigm -- Factors involved in the classical conditioning of antibody responses in mice -- The bone marrow, our autonomous morphostatic “brain” -- Immune regulation of the hypothalamic - hypophysial - adrenal axis: a role for thymosins and lymphokines -- Stress and immune response: parameters and markers -- 4 - Breakdown in Human Adaptation and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction: Clinical, Biochemical and Psychobiolo- Gical Aspects -- The brain and the gut -- The role of psychiatric assessment in the management of functional bowel disease -- Application of psychological measures in epidemiological studies of gastrointestinal disease: a critical opinion -- Stress-related nicotine abuse and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract -- Use of quantitative methods for the study of psychological factors in ulcer patients -- Stress, the immune system and GI function -- Clinical recognition of stress related gastrointestinal disorders in adults -- Stress and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) -- Upper GI bleeding lesions related to- or associated with- stress -- 5 - Acute Effect of Psychological Stress on Cardiovascular System: Models and Clinical Assessment -- I. Systems Interplay in Stress Response -- Need for clinical models: physiopathological versus epidemiological study -- Psychosocial stress: endocrine and brain interactions and their relevance for cardiovascular processes -- Hormonal response to acute stress: focus on opioid peptides -- II. Myocardial Infarction Clinical Studies -- Emotional stress and heart disease: clinical recognition and assessment -- Possibilities and limitations of longterm studies on the effect of psychological stress on cardiovascular function -- Interaction between short- and long-term stress in cardiovascular disease -- Clinical clues of neuro-humoral interpretation of the genesis of coronary spasm -- Provocative testing for coronary spasm -- Hemodynamic characterization of different mental stress tests -- Experimental studies -- Thoracic autonomic nerves regulating the canine heart -- Nervous coronary constriction via ? -adrenoreceptors: counteracted by metabolic regulation, by coronary ? -adrenoreceptor stimulation or by flow dependent, endothelium-mediated dilation -- III. Cardiac Arrhythmias Clinical studies -- Clinical clues to psychological and neuro-humoral mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis -- Clinical clues and experimental evidence of the neuro-humoral interpretation of cardiac arrhythmias -- IV. Arterial Hypertension Clinical Studies -- Blood pressure control during mental stress -- Somatic responses to acute stress and the relevance for the study of their mechanisms -- Neurohumoral factors involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension -- Experimental studies -- Results of experimental studies favouring the hypothesis of the influence of stress on the genesis of hypertension -- Animal models for the assesment of stress on arterial blood pressure -- V. Methods -- Validation and quantification of mental stress tests, and their application to acute cardiovascular patients -- Methods and limits for the detection of the response of coronary circulation to acute stress.
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  • 47
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955387
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: of the bookPrimates as an order -- 1 Social Ecology -- Functional questions -- Evolutionary social ecology -- Proximate social ecology -- Interspecies correlations -- Food -- Primates as prey -- Primates as predators -- Intraspecies social behaviour and ecology -- Ecological variables and social development -- Behaviour in captivity -- 2 Behavioural Responses to Change-Natural Events I -- Behaviour associated with birth -- When and where birth takes place -- The social context in which birth occurs -- Responses to new infants - caregiving activities -- Allomaternal behaviour -- Male interactions with infants -- Orphans -- Responses to dead infants -- Infants and the reproductive success of their mothers -- Kidnapping -- Infant use in intermale encounters -- Infanticide -- 3 Behavioural Responses to Change-Natural Events II -- Peripheralization -- Isolation -- Intertroop movement -- The formation of new social units -- Troop fission -- The formation of new social units in captivity -- Experiments in social discrimination -- Introducing strange individuals into established social units -- Reintroduction of individuals into their social units -- The removal of individuals from established social units -- Responses to dead individuals -- Social differentiation of kin -- 4 Behavioural Responsiveness - Experimental Studies -- Responsiveness to new situations -- Responsiveness and life strategies -- Feeding strategies -- Responses to danger -- The influence of social context -- 5 Assessments of Cognitive Capacity -- Neurological correlates -- Behavioural correlates -- Self-awareness -- Language -- Piagetian techniques -- The use of tools -- Evolutionary hypotheses -- 6 Socially Mediated Learning -- Evidence for social traditions -- The question of culture -- Mediating influences -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 48
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955486
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 218 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Third Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What is meant by ‘ionization constants’? -- 1.2 Why do we determine ionization constants? -- 1.3 Brief summary of the chemistry of ionization -- 1.4 The nature of pKa values -- 1.5 The shape of a titration curve -- 1.6 Methods commonly used for determining ionization constants -- 1.7 What degree of precision is required? -- 1.8 The effect of temperature on ionization constants -- 1.9 Molality and molarity -- 2 Determination of Ionization Constants by Potentiometrie Titration using a Glass Electrode -- 2.1 Apparatus for general use -- 2.2 Preparation of solutions -- 2.3 Choice of concentration for the titration -- 2.4 Details of the titration method -- 2.5 Derivation and choice of equations for calculating pKa -- 2.6 Some typical titrations (worked examples) -- 2.7 Precision and accuracy. Checking the precision obtained -- 2.8 Common sources of error, and their elimination -- 2.9False constants -- 2.10 Partly aqueous solvents -- 3 Refinements of Potentiometrie Titration: Apparatus and Calculations -- A Apparatus -- 3.1 Semi-micro titrations -- 3.2 Micro titrations -- 3.3 The rapid-flow method -- 3.4 The hydrogen electrode -- B Calculations -- 3.5 Monofunctional acids and bases -- 3.6 Method of calculation -- 3.7 Diacidic bases, dibasic acids and ampholytes -- 3.8 Overlapping ionization processes -- 3.9 Polyelectrolytes -- 3.10 Accuracy of the potentiometric method -- 3.11 Non-aqueous solvents -- 4 Determination of Ionization Constants by Spectrophotometry -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Apparatus -- 4.3 Buffers -- 4.4 Acidity functions -- 4.5 Preparation of the stock solution of the unknown -- 4.6 The search for the spectra of two pure ionic species -- 4.7 The choice of an analytical wavelength -- 4.8 Preliminary search for an approximate value of pKa -- 4.9 Exact determination of pKa -- 4.10 Worked examples -- 4.11 Activity corrections -- 4.12 Extensions of the spectrometric method -- (a)The pKa of a very weak acid (graphical treatment) -- (b)Overlapping pKa values -- (c)Computer program for overlapping values -- 4.13 Errors, precision and accuracy -- 4.14 Common sources of error -- 4.15 Spectrophotometric determination of the pKa of a substance that lacks an absorption spectrum -- 4.16 A rapid method for the approximate measurement of pKa -- 5 Relations between Ionization and Solubility. Determination of Ionization Constants by Phase Equilibria -- 5.1 Ionization constants in preparative work -- 5.2 Prediction of solubility from ionization constants -- 5.3 Determination of ionization constants from solubilities -- 5.4 Determination of ionization constants from vapour pressure, by partitioning between a pair of solvents, or by other phase equilibria -- 6 Determination of Ionization Constants by Conductimetry -- 6.1 Scope of the method -- 6.2 Apparatus -- 6.3 Procedure -- 6.4 Refinements of calculation -- 7 Some Other Methods for the Determination of Ionization Constants -- 7.1 Raman spectrometry -- 7.2 Proton nuclear magnetic resonance -- 7.3 Nuclear magnetic resonance using other atoms -- 7.4 Thermometric methods -- 8 Zwitterions (Dipolar Ions) -- 8.1 Zwitterions compared to ordinary amphoteric substances -- 8.2 How to distinguish zwitterions from ordinary ampholytes -- 8.3 Zwitterionic equilibria: macroscopic and microscopic constants -- 9 The Ionization Constants of Typical Acids and Bases -- A Organic Section -- 9.1 The oxygen acids (monobasic) -- (a) Aliphatic carboxylic acids -- (b) Aromatic carboxylic acids -- (c) Aliphatic hydroxylie acids -- (d) Aromatic hydroxylie acids (phenols) -- (e) Other oxygen acids -- 9.2 The oxygen acids (dibasic) -- 9.3 Sulphur acids, nitrogen acids and carbon acids -- (a) Mercaptans -- (b) Nitrogen acids -- (c) Carbon acids -- 9.4 The nitrogen bases (monoacidic) -- (a) Aliphatic bases -- (b) Aromatic and heteroaromatic bases -- 9.5 The nitrogen bases (diacidic) -- 9.6 Carbinolamine bases -- 9.7 Oxygen bases and carbon bases -- 9.8 Amphoteric substances -- B Inorganic Section -- 9.9 Inorganic acids -- 9.10 Inorganic bases 164 -- C Biologically-Active Substances -- 10 Chelation and the Stability Constants of Metal Complexes -- 10.1 The nature of chelation -- 10.2 Methods of calculation -- 10.3 Choice of ionic medium and the preparation of standard solutions -- 10.4 Measurement of pH and the calculation of pCH -- 10.5 Common difficulties and how they can be overcome -- 11 Appendices -- I An outline of the Brønsted-Lowry Theory -- II Comparison of classical and thermodynamic quantities -- III Calculations of hydrogen ion activity and concentration: also of hydroxyl ion activity and concentration -- IV Some effects of temperature on ionization constants -- V How percentage ionized may be calculated, given pKa and pH -- VI An outline of the theory of pH -- References.
    Kurzfassung: This practical manual is devised for organic chemists and biochemists who, in the course of their researches and without previous experience, need to determine an ionization constant. We are gratified that earlier editions were much used for this purpose and that they also proved adequate for the in­ service training of technicians and technical officers to provide a Department with a pK service. The features of previous editions that gave this wide appeal have been retained, but the subject matter has been revised, extended, and brought up to date. We present two new chapters, one of which describes the determination of the stability constants of the complexes which organic ligands form with metal cations. The other describes the use of more recently introduced techniques for the determination of ionization constants, such as Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermometric titrations, and paper electro­ phoresis. Chapter 1 gives enhanced help in choosing between alternative methods for determining ionization constants. The two chapters on potentiometric methods have been extensively revised in the light of newer understanding of electrode processes and of the present state of the art in instrumen tation.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction1.1 What is meant by ‘ionization constants’? -- 1.2 Why do we determine ionization constants? -- 1.3 Brief summary of the chemistry of ionization -- 1.4 The nature of pKa values -- 1.5 The shape of a titration curve -- 1.6 Methods commonly used for determining ionization constants -- 1.7 What degree of precision is required? -- 1.8 The effect of temperature on ionization constants -- 1.9 Molality and molarity -- 2 Determination of Ionization Constants by Potentiometrie Titration using a Glass Electrode -- 2.1 Apparatus for general use -- 2.2 Preparation of solutions -- 2.3 Choice of concentration for the titration -- 2.4 Details of the titration method -- 2.5 Derivation and choice of equations for calculating pKa -- 2.6 Some typical titrations (worked examples) -- 2.7 Precision and accuracy. Checking the precision obtained -- 2.8 Common sources of error, and their elimination -- 2.9False constants -- 2.10 Partly aqueous solvents -- 3 Refinements of Potentiometrie Titration: Apparatus and Calculations -- A Apparatus -- 3.1 Semi-micro titrations -- 3.2 Micro titrations -- 3.3 The rapid-flow method -- 3.4 The hydrogen electrode -- B Calculations -- 3.5 Monofunctional acids and bases -- 3.6 Method of calculation -- 3.7 Diacidic bases, dibasic acids and ampholytes -- 3.8 Overlapping ionization processes -- 3.9 Polyelectrolytes -- 3.10 Accuracy of the potentiometric method -- 3.11 Non-aqueous solvents -- 4 Determination of Ionization Constants by Spectrophotometry -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Apparatus -- 4.3 Buffers -- 4.4 Acidity functions -- 4.5 Preparation of the stock solution of the unknown -- 4.6 The search for the spectra of two pure ionic species -- 4.7 The choice of an analytical wavelength -- 4.8 Preliminary search for an approximate value of pKa -- 4.9 Exact determination of pKa -- 4.10 Worked examples -- 4.11 Activity corrections -- 4.12 Extensions of the spectrometric method -- (a)The pKa of a very weak acid (graphical treatment) -- (b)Overlapping pKa values -- (c)Computer program for overlapping values -- 4.13 Errors, precision and accuracy -- 4.14 Common sources of error -- 4.15 Spectrophotometric determination of the pKa of a substance that lacks an absorption spectrum -- 4.16 A rapid method for the approximate measurement of pKa -- 5 Relations between Ionization and Solubility. Determination of Ionization Constants by Phase Equilibria -- 5.1 Ionization constants in preparative work -- 5.2 Prediction of solubility from ionization constants -- 5.3 Determination of ionization constants from solubilities -- 5.4 Determination of ionization constants from vapour pressure, by partitioning between a pair of solvents, or by other phase equilibria -- 6 Determination of Ionization Constants by Conductimetry -- 6.1 Scope of the method -- 6.2 Apparatus -- 6.3 Procedure -- 6.4 Refinements of calculation -- 7 Some Other Methods for the Determination of Ionization Constants -- 7.1 Raman spectrometry -- 7.2 Proton nuclear magnetic resonance -- 7.3 Nuclear magnetic resonance using other atoms -- 7.4 Thermometric methods -- 8 Zwitterions (Dipolar Ions) -- 8.1 Zwitterions compared to ordinary amphoteric substances -- 8.2 How to distinguish zwitterions from ordinary ampholytes -- 8.3 Zwitterionic equilibria: macroscopic and microscopic constants -- 9 The Ionization Constants of Typical Acids and Bases -- A Organic Section -- 9.1 The oxygen acids (monobasic) -- (a) Aliphatic carboxylic acids -- (b) Aromatic carboxylic acids -- (c) Aliphatic hydroxylie acids -- (d) Aromatic hydroxylie acids (phenols) -- (e) Other oxygen acids -- 9.2 The oxygen acids (dibasic) -- 9.3 Sulphur acids, nitrogen acids and carbon acids -- (a) Mercaptans -- (b) Nitrogen acids -- (c) Carbon acids -- 9.4 The nitrogen bases (monoacidic) -- (a) Aliphatic bases -- (b) Aromatic and heteroaromatic bases -- 9.5 The nitrogen bases (diacidic) -- 9.6 Carbinolamine bases -- 9.7 Oxygen bases and carbon bases -- 9.8 Amphoteric substances -- B Inorganic Section -- 9.9 Inorganic acids -- 9.10 Inorganic bases 164 -- C Biologically-Active Substances -- 10 Chelation and the Stability Constants of Metal Complexes -- 10.1 The nature of chelation -- 10.2 Methods of calculation -- 10.3 Choice of ionic medium and the preparation of standard solutions -- 10.4 Measurement of pH and the calculation of pCH -- 10.5 Common difficulties and how they can be overcome -- 11 Appendices -- I An outline of the Brønsted-Lowry Theory -- II Comparison of classical and thermodynamic quantities -- III Calculations of hydrogen ion activity and concentration: also of hydroxyl ion activity and concentration -- IV Some effects of temperature on ionization constants -- V How percentage ionized may be calculated, given pKa and pH -- VI An outline of the theory of pH -- References.
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  • 49
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955707
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 288 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Methods of Plant Analysis -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Methods of extraction and isolation -- 1.3 Methods of separation -- 1.4 Methods of identification -- 1.5 Analysis of results -- 1.6 Applications -- 2 Phenolic Compounds -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Phenols and phenolic acids -- 2.3 Phenylpropanoids -- 2.4 Flavonoid pigments -- 2.5 Anthocyanins -- 2.6 Flavonols and flavones -- 2.7 Minor flavonoids, xanthones and stilbenes -- 2.8 Tannins -- 2.9 Quinone pigments -- 3 The Terpenoids -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Essential oils -- 3.3 Diterpenoids and gibberellins -- 3.4 Triterpenoids and steroids -- 3.5 Carotenoids -- 4 Organic Acids, Lipids and Related Compounds -- 4.1 Plant acids -- 4.2 Fatty acids and lipids -- 4.3 Alkanes and related hydrocarbons -- 4.4 Polyacetylenes -- 4.5 Sulphur compounds -- 5 Nitrogen Compounds -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Amino acids -- 5.3 Amines -- 5.4 Alkaloids -- 5.5 Cyanogenic glycosides -- 5.6 Indoles -- 5.7 Purines, pyrimidines and cytokinins -- 5.8 Chlorophylls -- 6 Sugars and their Derivatives -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Monosaccharides -- 6.3 Oligosaccharides -- 6.4 Sugar alcohols and cyclitols -- 7 Macromolecules -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Nucleic acids -- 7.3 Proteins -- 7.4 Polysaccharides.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Methods of Plant Analysis1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Methods of extraction and isolation -- 1.3 Methods of separation -- 1.4 Methods of identification -- 1.5 Analysis of results -- 1.6 Applications -- 2 Phenolic Compounds -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Phenols and phenolic acids -- 2.3 Phenylpropanoids -- 2.4 Flavonoid pigments -- 2.5 Anthocyanins -- 2.6 Flavonols and flavones -- 2.7 Minor flavonoids, xanthones and stilbenes -- 2.8 Tannins -- 2.9 Quinone pigments -- 3 The Terpenoids -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Essential oils -- 3.3 Diterpenoids and gibberellins -- 3.4 Triterpenoids and steroids -- 3.5 Carotenoids -- 4 Organic Acids, Lipids and Related Compounds -- 4.1 Plant acids -- 4.2 Fatty acids and lipids -- 4.3 Alkanes and related hydrocarbons -- 4.4 Polyacetylenes -- 4.5 Sulphur compounds -- 5 Nitrogen Compounds -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Amino acids -- 5.3 Amines -- 5.4 Alkaloids -- 5.5 Cyanogenic glycosides -- 5.6 Indoles -- 5.7 Purines, pyrimidines and cytokinins -- 5.8 Chlorophylls -- 6 Sugars and their Derivatives -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Monosaccharides -- 6.3 Oligosaccharides -- 6.4 Sugar alcohols and cyclitols -- 7 Macromolecules -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Nucleic acids -- 7.3 Proteins -- 7.4 Polysaccharides.
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  • 50
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400956162
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- Joint Configurations: Lap-shear Joints, Butt Joints, Fillets. Metals and Other Constructional Materials. The Decision to Use Adhesive Bonding. The Balance of Advantages and Disadvantages -- 2. The Nature And Magnitude of Stresses In Adhesive Joints -- Introduction: Reality, Methods of Mathematical Analysis. The Single Lap Joint: Linear Elastic Analysis, Volkersen’s Analysis, The Analysis of Goland and Reissner, Effect of Bending in a Double-lap Joint, Volkersen’s Second Theory, Later Work. The Single-lap Joint — End Effects: Reduction of Stress Concentrations. The Single-lap Joint — Elasto-plastic Analysis. The Effect of Adherend Shape — Scarfed, Bevelled and Stepped Adherends. Composite Materials. Tubular Joints. Butt Joints. The Use of Joints in Design: Lap Joints, Tubular Joints, T-joints, Corner Joints, Butt Joints, Stiffeners, Doublers, Assembly -- 3. Standard Mechanical Test Procedures -- Destructive Testing: Tests with Thin Sheet Adherends, Tests for Properties of Adhesives. Nondestructive Testing: Nature of Defects, Tests Carried Out Before Bonding, Post-bonding and In-service Testing -- 4. The General Properties of Polymeric Adhesives -- Polymer Structures: Unsaturation. Mixed Adhesives. Properties and Temperature: The Glass Transition Temperature, Decomposition Temperature, Melting Temperature, The Deformation of Adhesive Polymers by Stress, Viscoelasticity, The Modulus of an Adhesive, Poisson’s Ratio, Strength Properties of Adhesive Polymers, Yielding Stresses of Polymers, Failure Modes After Yielding, Creep, Failure without Yielding — Brittle Fracture, Crazing, Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Resistance to Deterioration -- 5. Factors Influencing The Choice of Adhesive -- Interaction with Substrate. Structural Adhesives for Metals: Check-list for Structural Metal Adhesives Used at Temperatures up to 70°C, The Advantage of Supported Filmic Adhesives (Tapes’), Unsupported Films, Liquids and Pastes, Influence of Metal of Adherend, High Temperature Metal-Metal Adhesion. Structural Adhesives for Wood: Check-list for the Use of Structural Wood Adhesives. Structural Adhesives for Mixed Constructions: Metal-Wood Structures, Metal-reinforced Plastics Structures. Choice of Adhesives for Semi-structural Use: Checklist for Adhesives for Semi-structural Use -- 6. Surface Preparation -- Metals. Wood. Concrete. Glass or Carbon-fibre Reinforced Plastics. Shot, Sand or Grit Blasting. Solvent Degreasing or Wiping. Chemical Etching: Aluminium, Ferrous Metals, Titanium, Other Metals. Priming Layers: Primers as Coupling Agents -- 7. Service Life -- The Creep of Adhesive Joints. Time-to-failure (Under Static Loading). Cycles-to-failure: Influence of Temperature, Influence of Test Frequency, Influence of Amplitude, Influence of Moisture. Effects of Temperature Change on Joint Strength. Service Life as Indicated by Climatic Exposure Trials -- 8. Applications -- Aircraft, Anchorages. Bridges. Carriages. Cars. Decking. Furniture. Glass Reinforced Plastics. Helicopters. Helicopter Blades. Hovercraft. Lamp Posts. Magnets. PABST. Rollers. Segmental Construction. Ski Constructions. Telephone Kiosks. Yachts -- References -- Appendix: Standard American and UK Specifications for -- Adhesion Tests -- Author Index.
    Kurzfassung: The intention of this book is that it should contain everything an engineer needs to know to be able to design and produce adhesively bonded joints which are required to carry significant loads. The advan­ tages and disadvantages of bonding are given, together with a sufficient understanding of the necessary mechanics and chemistry to enable the designer to make a sound engineering judgement in any particular case. The stresses in joints are discussed extensively so that the engineer can get sufficient philosophy or feel for them, or can delve more deeply into the mathematics to obtain quantitative solutions even with elasto­ plastic behaviour. A critical description is given of standard methods of testing adhesives, both destructively and non-destructively. The essen­ tial chemistry of adhesives and the importance of surface preparation are described and guidance is given for adhesive selection by me ans of check lists. For many applications, there will not be a unique adhesive which alone is suitable, and factors such as cost, convenience, produc­ tion considerations or familiarity may be decisive. A list of applications is given as examples. The authors wish to increase the confidence of engineers using adhesive bonding in load-bearing applications by the information and experience presented. With increasing experience of adhesives en­ gineering, design will become more elegant as weH as more fitted to its products.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. IntroductionJoint Configurations: Lap-shear Joints, Butt Joints, Fillets. Metals and Other Constructional Materials. The Decision to Use Adhesive Bonding. The Balance of Advantages and Disadvantages -- 2. The Nature And Magnitude of Stresses In Adhesive Joints -- Introduction: Reality, Methods of Mathematical Analysis. The Single Lap Joint: Linear Elastic Analysis, Volkersen’s Analysis, The Analysis of Goland and Reissner, Effect of Bending in a Double-lap Joint, Volkersen’s Second Theory, Later Work. The Single-lap Joint - End Effects: Reduction of Stress Concentrations. The Single-lap Joint - Elasto-plastic Analysis. The Effect of Adherend Shape - Scarfed, Bevelled and Stepped Adherends. Composite Materials. Tubular Joints. Butt Joints. The Use of Joints in Design: Lap Joints, Tubular Joints, T-joints, Corner Joints, Butt Joints, Stiffeners, Doublers, Assembly -- 3. Standard Mechanical Test Procedures -- Destructive Testing: Tests with Thin Sheet Adherends, Tests for Properties of Adhesives. Nondestructive Testing: Nature of Defects, Tests Carried Out Before Bonding, Post-bonding and In-service Testing -- 4. The General Properties of Polymeric Adhesives -- Polymer Structures: Unsaturation. Mixed Adhesives. Properties and Temperature: The Glass Transition Temperature, Decomposition Temperature, Melting Temperature, The Deformation of Adhesive Polymers by Stress, Viscoelasticity, The Modulus of an Adhesive, Poisson’s Ratio, Strength Properties of Adhesive Polymers, Yielding Stresses of Polymers, Failure Modes After Yielding, Creep, Failure without Yielding - Brittle Fracture, Crazing, Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Resistance to Deterioration -- 5. Factors Influencing The Choice of Adhesive -- Interaction with Substrate. Structural Adhesives for Metals: Check-list for Structural Metal Adhesives Used at Temperatures up to 70°C, The Advantage of Supported Filmic Adhesives (Tapes’), Unsupported Films, Liquids and Pastes, Influence of Metal of Adherend, High Temperature Metal-Metal Adhesion. Structural Adhesives for Wood: Check-list for the Use of Structural Wood Adhesives. Structural Adhesives for Mixed Constructions: Metal-Wood Structures, Metal-reinforced Plastics Structures. Choice of Adhesives for Semi-structural Use: Checklist for Adhesives for Semi-structural Use -- 6. Surface Preparation -- Metals. Wood. Concrete. Glass or Carbon-fibre Reinforced Plastics. Shot, Sand or Grit Blasting. Solvent Degreasing or Wiping. Chemical Etching: Aluminium, Ferrous Metals, Titanium, Other Metals. Priming Layers: Primers as Coupling Agents -- 7. Service Life -- The Creep of Adhesive Joints. Time-to-failure (Under Static Loading). Cycles-to-failure: Influence of Temperature, Influence of Test Frequency, Influence of Amplitude, Influence of Moisture. Effects of Temperature Change on Joint Strength. Service Life as Indicated by Climatic Exposure Trials -- 8. Applications -- Aircraft, Anchorages. Bridges. Carriages. Cars. Decking. Furniture. Glass Reinforced Plastics. Helicopters. Helicopter Blades. Hovercraft. Lamp Posts. Magnets. PABST. Rollers. Segmental Construction. Ski Constructions. Telephone Kiosks. Yachts -- References -- Appendix: Standard American and UK Specifications for -- Adhesion Tests -- Author Index.
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  • 51
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401164481
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Fifth edition thoroughly revised
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Germanic languages
    Kurzfassung: The Dutch language -- 1 Pronunciation -- Front,7bunded, front-rounded vowels -- The vowels -- The diphthongs -- The consonants -- Assimilation -- Stress -- 2 Spelling -- Spelling rules: closed syllable and open syllable -- The relationship of f to v and of s to z in certain words -- The n of the common ending -en -- Making the spelling adjustments -- 3 The plural -- The plural-en -- The plural-s -- Other plurals -- 4 Articles and demonstratives -- The definite article -- The word for this -- The word for that -- The demonstrative adjectives -- The indefinite article -- 5 Personal pronouns; the verb -- The subject forms -- Use of pronouns -- Present tense -- Spelling -- Yes-no-question -- 6 The verb; Hebben and zijn. Imperative -- Verbs with stems ending in -t or -d -- The verbs: gaan, staan, doen, slaan, zien -- The verb: komen -- The verbs: hebben and zijn -- The imperative -- 7 Reading selections. The place of the verb -- Amsterdam -- 8 The adjective. The adverb. Comparison -- Adjective ending in -e -- Adjective without ending -- Een + adjective + noun referring to male -- Linker- and rechter- -- Adverbs -- Comparison of adjectives and adverbs -- The superlative used as an adverb -- Adjectives ending in -s -- 9 Object pronouns. Reflexives -- The object forms of the personal pronouns -- The subject or object pronoun die -- A sentence with two objects: direct and indirect -- The reflexive pronouns -- Use of prepositions -- 10 Possessive adjectives -- The possessive adjectives -- Adjective ending after possessive -- The possessive pronouns -- The van construction -- The z’n/d’ r-construction -- 11 Numbers and dates. Currency and measurement -- The numbers -- The ordinal numbers -- Dates -- Units of currency and measures -- 12 Reading selections -- Nederland -- Zuid-Holland -- Voorjaar door Mies Bouhuys -- 13 The past tense (‘weak’ verbs) -- The past tense of weak verbs -- The past participle -- The perfect tense -- 14 The past tense (’strong’ verbs) -- The past tense of strong verbs -- Vowel changes in the stem -- Conjugation with hebten or zijn -- The past participle without ge- -- 15 Some irregular verbs. The past perfect tense -- Some irregular verbs -- The past perfect tense -- Use of tenses -- 16 Modal auxiliaries. Verb plus infinitive -- Modal auxiliaries -- The construction: mogen van, moeten van and niet hoeven van -- Independent use of the modals -- The verb laten -- Other verbs used in association with an infinitive -- 17 The future. The present participle and the infinitive -- The verb zullen -- The verb gaan -- Present-tense form for future -- The present participle -- Progressive aspect -- The infinitive -- 18 Review and reading -- Spoken language versus written language -- 19 Separable prefixes -- Stressed separable prefixes -- Stressed inseparable prefixes -- Inseparable prefixes -- 20 Conjunctions, relative pronouns -- Coordinating conjunctions -- Subordinating conjunctions: word order -- Subordinating conjunctions: meanings -- Relative pronouns -- 21 Word order: the places in the sentence -- Second place in the sentence -- First place in the sentence -- Last place in the sentence -- The negating adverb niet -- 22 The word ER. Prepositional compounds -- er + preposition -- Other functions of er -- 23 Diminutives -- The forms of the diminutives -- Use of the diminutive -- 24 The passive voice -- The passive construction -- Er and the passive sentence -- Active construction with men or je -- 25 Reading selections -- Geschiedenis -- Prinsjesdag -- De Kroon en het Parlement -- Verzuiling -- 26 Telling time -- Hour and half-hour -- Adverbs of time -- 27 Idiomatic usages of some common verbs -- Gaan -- Blijven -- Aan’ t…zijn and bezig zijn te -- Liggen, zitten, staan -- Kennen and weten -- Leven and wonen -- Verstaan and begrijpen -- Betekenen and bedoelen -- Onthouden and zich herinneren -- Vallen, opvallen, meevallen and tegenvallen -- Hebben -- 28 Word formation and derivation -- Compounding -- Derivation by suffixes -- Stress shift in derivation -- 29 Three stories -- Het kopje koffie -- Gezichten -- Regenboog -- A list of the most useful strong and irregular verbs -- English translations of the practice sentences -- Dutch-English vocabulary -- Photo-credit -- Text-credit.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Dutch language1 Pronunciation -- Front,7bunded, front-rounded vowels -- The vowels -- The diphthongs -- The consonants -- Assimilation -- Stress -- 2 Spelling -- Spelling rules: closed syllable and open syllable -- The relationship of f to v and of s to z in certain words -- The n of the common ending -en -- Making the spelling adjustments -- 3 The plural -- The plural-en -- The plural-s -- Other plurals -- 4 Articles and demonstratives -- The definite article -- The word for this -- The word for that -- The demonstrative adjectives -- The indefinite article -- 5 Personal pronouns; the verb -- The subject forms -- Use of pronouns -- Present tense -- Spelling -- Yes-no-question -- 6 The verb; Hebben and zijn. Imperative -- Verbs with stems ending in -t or -d -- The verbs: gaan, staan, doen, slaan, zien -- The verb: komen -- The verbs: hebben and zijn -- The imperative -- 7 Reading selections. The place of the verb -- Amsterdam -- 8 The adjective. The adverb. Comparison -- Adjective ending in -e -- Adjective without ending -- Een + adjective + noun referring to male -- Linker- and rechter- -- Adverbs -- Comparison of adjectives and adverbs -- The superlative used as an adverb -- Adjectives ending in -s -- 9 Object pronouns. Reflexives -- The object forms of the personal pronouns -- The subject or object pronoun die -- A sentence with two objects: direct and indirect -- The reflexive pronouns -- Use of prepositions -- 10 Possessive adjectives -- The possessive adjectives -- Adjective ending after possessive -- The possessive pronouns -- The van construction -- The z’n/d’ r-construction -- 11 Numbers and dates. Currency and measurement -- The numbers -- The ordinal numbers -- Dates -- Units of currency and measures -- 12 Reading selections -- Nederland -- Zuid-Holland -- Voorjaar door Mies Bouhuys -- 13 The past tense (‘weak’ verbs) -- The past tense of weak verbs -- The past participle -- The perfect tense -- 14 The past tense (’strong’ verbs) -- The past tense of strong verbs -- Vowel changes in the stem -- Conjugation with hebten or zijn -- The past participle without ge- -- 15 Some irregular verbs. The past perfect tense -- Some irregular verbs -- The past perfect tense -- Use of tenses -- 16 Modal auxiliaries. Verb plus infinitive -- Modal auxiliaries -- The construction: mogen van, moeten van and niet hoeven van -- Independent use of the modals -- The verb laten -- Other verbs used in association with an infinitive -- 17 The future. The present participle and the infinitive -- The verb zullen -- The verb gaan -- Present-tense form for future -- The present participle -- Progressive aspect -- The infinitive -- 18 Review and reading -- Spoken language versus written language -- 19 Separable prefixes -- Stressed separable prefixes -- Stressed inseparable prefixes -- Inseparable prefixes -- 20 Conjunctions, relative pronouns -- Coordinating conjunctions -- Subordinating conjunctions: word order -- Subordinating conjunctions: meanings -- Relative pronouns -- 21 Word order: the places in the sentence -- Second place in the sentence -- First place in the sentence -- Last place in the sentence -- The negating adverb niet -- 22 The word ER. Prepositional compounds -- er + preposition -- Other functions of er -- 23 Diminutives -- The forms of the diminutives -- Use of the diminutive -- 24 The passive voice -- The passive construction -- Er and the passive sentence -- Active construction with men or je -- 25 Reading selections -- Geschiedenis -- Prinsjesdag -- De Kroon en het Parlement -- Verzuiling -- 26 Telling time -- Hour and half-hour -- Adverbs of time -- 27 Idiomatic usages of some common verbs -- Gaan -- Blijven -- Aan’ t…zijn and bezig zijn te -- Liggen, zitten, staan -- Kennen and weten -- Leven and wonen -- Verstaan and begrijpen -- Betekenen and bedoelen -- Onthouden and zich herinneren -- Vallen, opvallen, meevallen and tegenvallen -- Hebben -- 28 Word formation and derivation -- Compounding -- Derivation by suffixes -- Stress shift in derivation -- 29 Three stories -- Het kopje koffie -- Gezichten -- Regenboog -- A list of the most useful strong and irregular verbs -- English translations of the practice sentences -- Dutch-English vocabulary -- Photo-credit -- Text-credit.
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  • 52
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401576949
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 177 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 170
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Nature, Culture, and Persons -- 2. The Concept of Consciousness -- 3. Animal and Human Minds -- 4. Action and Causality -- 5. Puzzles about the Causal Explanation of Human Actions -- 6. Cognitivism and the Problem of Explaining Human Intelligence -- 7. Wittgenstein and Natural Languages: an Alternative to Rationalist and Empiricist Theories.
    Kurzfassung: viii choice and these include efforts to provide logical frameworks within which wecan make senseof these notions. This series will attempt to bring together work from allof these approaches to the history and philosophy of science and technology in the belief that each has something to add to our understanding. The volumes of this series have emerged either from lectures given by an author while serving as an honorary visiting professor at The City Collegeof New York or from a conference sponsored by that institution. The City College Program in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology oversees and directs these lectures and conferences with the financial aid of the Association for Philosophy ofScience, Psychotherapy, and Ethics. MARTIN TAMNY RAPHAEL STERN TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITO RS' PR EFACE vii PR EFACE xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii I. NATUR E, CULTUR E, AND PERSONS 2. THE CONCEPT OF CONSCIOUSNESS 20 3. ANIMAL AND HUMAN MINDS 42 4 . ACTION AND CAUSALITY 64 5. PUZZLES ABOUT TH E CAUSAL EXPLANATION OF HUMAN ACTIONS 83 6. COGNITIVISM AND THE PROBLEM OF EXPLAINING HUMAN INTELLIGENCE 101 7. WITTGENSTEIN AND NATURAL LANGUAGES : AN ALTERNATIV E TO RATIONALIST AND EMPIRICIST THEO RIE S 133 INDEX 163 PREFACE I have tried to make a fresh beginning on the theory of cultural phenomena, largely from the perspectives of Anglo-American analytic philosophy.
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  • 53
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401707398
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 160 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 174
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Although various sections of this work have been published separately in various journals and volumes their separate publication is wholly attributable to the exigencies of life in academia: the work was devised as and is supposed to constitute something of an organic unity. Part II of 'The Cow with the Subtile Nose' was published under the title 'A Creative Use of Language' in New Literary History (Autumn, 1972), pp. 108-18. 'The Cow on the Roof' appeared in The Journal oj Philosophy LXX, No. 19 (November 8, 1973), pp. 713-23. 'A Fine Forehand' appeared in the Journal oj the Philosophy oj Sport, Vol. 1 (September, 1974), pp. 92-109. 'Quote: Judgements from Our Brain' appeared in Perspectives on the Philosophy oj Wittgenstein, ed. by I. Block (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1981), pp. 201-211. 'Art and Sociobiology' appeared in Mind (1981), Vol. XC, pp. 505-520. 'Anything Viewed'appeared in Essays in Honour oj Jaakko Hintikka, ed. by Esa Saarinen, Risto Hilpinen, Illkka Niiniluoto and Merrill Provence Hintikka (Dordrecht, Holland and Boston, Massachusetts: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1979), pp. 285-293. 'How I See Philosophy' appeared in The Owl oj Minerva, ed. by C. J. Bontempo and S. Jack Odell (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1975), pp. 223-5. All the remaining parts are also forthcoming in various journals and volumes. I am grateful to Bradley E. Wilson for the preparation of the index.
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  • 54
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955561
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Receptors and Recognition 16
    Serie: Series B 16
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Immunogenetic Approaches to Cell Surface Molecules in the Mouse -- 2 Genetics of the Human Red Cell Surface -- 3 Analysis of the Human Cell Surface by Somatic Cell Genetics -- 4 Molecular Genetics of the HLA Region -- 5 Cell Genetic Analysis of the Receptor Systems for Bioactive Polypeptides -- 6 Genetics of the Cell Surface of the Preimplantation Embryo: Studies on Antigens Determined by Chromosome 17 in the Mouse -- 7 The Male-Specific Antigen (H-Y) and Sexual Differentiation.
    Kurzfassung: The cell surface is the barrier between the cell and its environment which regulates the flow of both simple and complex molecules into and out of the cell; it is also the organelle responsible for communication between the cell and its environment. Each cell expresses receptors for a wide variety of hormones, growth factors, growth substrates and other cells. In multicellular organisms communication between cells is required for controlling development, cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and, in a more general sense, integration of myriad cell types into a single organism. The series Receptors and Recognition has as its overall aim the dissection of the cell surface to correlate structure and function for this complex organelle. In most of the preceding volumes the approach has been biochemical or physiological. In this volume the mammalian cell surface is analysed by a genetic approach. Genetic analysis of the cell surface, especially when combined with immuno­ logical techniques, has a long history. In 1900 Landsteiner showed that serum from one individual could agglutinate the red cells of another. Besides the practical result of making blood transfusion safe, this was the first demon­ stration of a human genetic polymorphism and for the next 50 years the red blood cell surface provided most of the genetic markers used to study human populations.
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  • 55
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955448
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Principles of thin section preparation -- 1.1 Choosing the size of the thin section -- 1.2 Collecting the sample -- 1.3 Removing water from the sample -- 1.4 Impregnating the sample -- 1.5 Lapping the impregnated sample -- 1.6 Polishing the impregnated sample -- 1.7 Grinding, lapping and polishing the slide -- 2. Preparation of polished blocks and thin sections of soils -- 2.1 Collection of samples of soft coherent non-stony material -- 2.2 Collection of samples of hard material -- 2.3 Collecting loose friable surface samples -- 2.4 Removal or replacement of water and impregnation with Crystic resin -- 2.5 Transferring the specimen to the impregnation mould -- 2.6 Removal of water -- 2.7 Impregnation -- 2.8 Sawing the impregnated block -- 2.9 Surface impregnation with Crystic resin -- 2.10 Lapping the block -- 2.11 Polishing the block -- 2.12 Cleaning the polished block -- 2.13 Mounting the polished block -- 2.14 Labelling the slide -- 2.15 Cutting off the excess specimen -- 2.16 Machine grinding the specimen -- 2.17 Final lapping stages for the specimen -- 2.18 Polishing the specimen -- 2.19 Mounting the cover glass -- 2.20 Logitech machine systems for thin section production -- 3. Examination of thin sections and polished blocks -- 3.1 Examination of thin sections and polished blocks with the stereo-microscope -- 3.2 Examination of thin sections with the petrological microscope -- 3.3 The construction and use of the petrological microscope -- 3.4 Properties of minerals determined with the petrological microscope -- 4 Properties of minerals in thin sections -- 4.1 Allophane -- 4.2 Amphiboles -- 4.3 Anatase -- 4.4 Antigorite-chrysotile -- 4.5 Apatite -- 4.6 Augite -- 4.7 Biotite -- 4.8 Calcite -- 4.9 Chalcedony -- 4.10 Chlorite -- 4.11 Clinozoisite -- 4.12 Diopside -- 4.13 Enstatite -- 4.14 Epidote -- 4.15 Feldspars -- 4.16 Ferric hydroxide -- 4.17 Garnet -- 4.18 Gibbsite -- 4.19 Goethite -- 4.20 Gypsum -- 4.21 Halite -- 4.22 Halloysite and metahalloysite -- 4.23 Hematite -- 4.24 Hornblende -- 4.25 Hypersthene -- 4.26 Ice -- 4.27 Iddingsite -- 4.28 Ilmenite -- 4.29 Jarosite -- 4.30 Kaolinite -- 4.31 Lepidocrocite -- 4.32 Magnetite -- 4.33 Manganese dioxide -- 4.34 Microcline -- 4.35 Montmorillonite -- 4.36 Muscovite -- 4.37 Olivine -- 4.38 Opal -- 4.39 Orthoclase -- 4.40 Plagioclases -- 4.41 Pyrite -- 4.42 Quartz -- 4.43 Rutile -- 4.44 Serpentine -- 4.45 Siderite -- 4.46 Titanite -- 4.47 Tourmaline -- 4.48 Tremolite - actinolite -- 4.49 Vermiculite -- 4.50 Volcanic glass -- 4.51 Zircon -- 5 Properties applicable to most features seen in thin sections -- 5.1 Colour -- 5.2 Frequency -- 5.3 Prominence -- 5.4 Size -- 5.5 Shape -- 5.6 Roundness and sphericity -- 5.7 Surface characteristics -- 5.8 Boundaries -- 5.9 Distribution pattern -- 5.10 Relationships with other features -- 5.11 Orientation -- 6 Fabric, structure and matrix -- 6.1 Fabric and structure -- 6.2 Matrix -- 6.3 Conclusions -- 7 Features present in thin sections -- 7.1 Fabric -- 7.2 Structure and pores -- 7.3 Passages-faunal and root -- 7.4 Faecal material -- 7.5 Organic materials -- 7.6 Rock fragments -- 7.7 Detrital grains -- 7.8 Particle size distribution -- 7.9 Fine material -- 7.10 Coatings -- 7.11 Clay plugs -- 7.12 Surface residues -- 7.13 Impregnated surfaces -- 7.14 Anisotropic surfaces - false coatings -- 7.15 Subsurface organizations and accumulations -- 7.16 Secondary mineral material -- 7.17 Amorphous and microcrystalline material -- 7.18 Segregations and concretions -- 7.19 Weathering features and products -- 7.20 Microorganisms -- 7.21 Soil erratics -- 7.22 Infillings and intergrowths -- 7.23 Other features -- 7.24 Features observed in polished blocks -- 8 Description of thin sections and polished blocks -- 8.1 Homogeneity and heterogeneity -- 8.2 Recognition of individuals -- 8.3 Recognition of patterns -- 8.4 Description of individuals and patterns -- 8.5 Quantification -- 8.6 Interpretation -- 8.7 Description of thin sections -- 8.8 Description of polished blocks -- 8.9 Reminder data of properties -- 8.10 Reminder data of features -- 9 Teaching micromorphology -- 9.1 Introductory course in thin section morphology -- 9.2 Advanced course in thin section morphology -- 9.3 Exercises -- 10 Photography -- 10.1 Photographing the whole specimen using transmitted light -- 10.2 Photographing the whole specimen using ultraviolet light -- 10.3 Photomicrography -- 10.4 Photography for pore identification -- 11 Ancillary techniques -- 11.1 Electron analyses -- 11.2 X-ray analysis of thin sections -- 11.3 Ion thinning -- 11.4 Low temperature ashing -- 11.5 Image analysis -- 11.6 Three-dimensional analysis -- 11.7 Polarization-interference contrast examinations -- 11.8 Phase contrast -- 11.9 Fluorescence -- 11.10 Staining feldspars -- 11.11 Staining carbonates -- 11.12 Staining clay minerals -- 11.13 Staining microorganisms -- 11.14 Preparation of acetate peels -- 11.15 Removal of iron oxides from thin sections -- 11.16 Autoradiographs of impregnated blocks and thin sections -- 12 Applications -- 12.1 Agriculture -- 12.2 Archeology -- 12.3 Engineering -- 12.4 Geomorphology -- 12.5 Paleoclimatology -- 12.6 Pedology and paleopedology -- 12.7 Soil microbiology -- 12.8 Soil zoology -- 13 The micromorphology of soils -- References.
    Kurzfassung: One of the first major studies of weathering and soil formation was made by Harrison (1933) who used thin sections in association with other procedures to study the transformation of minerals in different kinds of rock under the tropical conditions of Guyana. However, Kubiena (1938) is regarded as pioneering thin section studies of soils and during the last two decades there has been a rapid increase in the number of publications devoted almost exclusively to the study of soils in thin sections. In addition to the rather straightforward examinations with the polarizing microscope, thin section techniques are being linked with X-ray diffraction, X-ray microprobe, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, microbiological and other procedures to obtain a fuller insight into the composition and genesis of soils. Thus the study of thin sections of soils is now a major pedological technique for investigating small details in the nature, type and degree of organization of the soil fabric and structure. Thin sections reveal that particles of various sizes and composition react differently to pedological processes and become weathered or organized to form many specific patterns. This book is an attempt to give a comprehensive treatment of thin section studies of soils. Although primarily about the study of thin sections with optical microscopes a few transmission and scanning electron photomicro­ graphs are included to confirm the inferences based upon the studies made with the optical microscope.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Principles of thin section preparation1.1 Choosing the size of the thin section -- 1.2 Collecting the sample -- 1.3 Removing water from the sample -- 1.4 Impregnating the sample -- 1.5 Lapping the impregnated sample -- 1.6 Polishing the impregnated sample -- 1.7 Grinding, lapping and polishing the slide -- 2. Preparation of polished blocks and thin sections of soils -- 2.1 Collection of samples of soft coherent non-stony material -- 2.2 Collection of samples of hard material -- 2.3 Collecting loose friable surface samples -- 2.4 Removal or replacement of water and impregnation with Crystic resin -- 2.5 Transferring the specimen to the impregnation mould -- 2.6 Removal of water -- 2.7 Impregnation -- 2.8 Sawing the impregnated block -- 2.9 Surface impregnation with Crystic resin -- 2.10 Lapping the block -- 2.11 Polishing the block -- 2.12 Cleaning the polished block -- 2.13 Mounting the polished block -- 2.14 Labelling the slide -- 2.15 Cutting off the excess specimen -- 2.16 Machine grinding the specimen -- 2.17 Final lapping stages for the specimen -- 2.18 Polishing the specimen -- 2.19 Mounting the cover glass -- 2.20 Logitech machine systems for thin section production -- 3. Examination of thin sections and polished blocks -- 3.1 Examination of thin sections and polished blocks with the stereo-microscope -- 3.2 Examination of thin sections with the petrological microscope -- 3.3 The construction and use of the petrological microscope -- 3.4 Properties of minerals determined with the petrological microscope -- 4 Properties of minerals in thin sections -- 4.1 Allophane -- 4.2 Amphiboles -- 4.3 Anatase -- 4.4 Antigorite-chrysotile -- 4.5 Apatite -- 4.6 Augite -- 4.7 Biotite -- 4.8 Calcite -- 4.9 Chalcedony -- 4.10 Chlorite -- 4.11 Clinozoisite -- 4.12 Diopside -- 4.13 Enstatite -- 4.14 Epidote -- 4.15 Feldspars -- 4.16 Ferric hydroxide -- 4.17 Garnet -- 4.18 Gibbsite -- 4.19 Goethite -- 4.20 Gypsum -- 4.21 Halite -- 4.22 Halloysite and metahalloysite -- 4.23 Hematite -- 4.24 Hornblende -- 4.25 Hypersthene -- 4.26 Ice -- 4.27 Iddingsite -- 4.28 Ilmenite -- 4.29 Jarosite -- 4.30 Kaolinite -- 4.31 Lepidocrocite -- 4.32 Magnetite -- 4.33 Manganese dioxide -- 4.34 Microcline -- 4.35 Montmorillonite -- 4.36 Muscovite -- 4.37 Olivine -- 4.38 Opal -- 4.39 Orthoclase -- 4.40 Plagioclases -- 4.41 Pyrite -- 4.42 Quartz -- 4.43 Rutile -- 4.44 Serpentine -- 4.45 Siderite -- 4.46 Titanite -- 4.47 Tourmaline -- 4.48 Tremolite - actinolite -- 4.49 Vermiculite -- 4.50 Volcanic glass -- 4.51 Zircon -- 5 Properties applicable to most features seen in thin sections -- 5.1 Colour -- 5.2 Frequency -- 5.3 Prominence -- 5.4 Size -- 5.5 Shape -- 5.6 Roundness and sphericity -- 5.7 Surface characteristics -- 5.8 Boundaries -- 5.9 Distribution pattern -- 5.10 Relationships with other features -- 5.11 Orientation -- 6 Fabric, structure and matrix -- 6.1 Fabric and structure -- 6.2 Matrix -- 6.3 Conclusions -- 7 Features present in thin sections -- 7.1 Fabric -- 7.2 Structure and pores -- 7.3 Passages-faunal and root -- 7.4 Faecal material -- 7.5 Organic materials -- 7.6 Rock fragments -- 7.7 Detrital grains -- 7.8 Particle size distribution -- 7.9 Fine material -- 7.10 Coatings -- 7.11 Clay plugs -- 7.12 Surface residues -- 7.13 Impregnated surfaces -- 7.14 Anisotropic surfaces - false coatings -- 7.15 Subsurface organizations and accumulations -- 7.16 Secondary mineral material -- 7.17 Amorphous and microcrystalline material -- 7.18 Segregations and concretions -- 7.19 Weathering features and products -- 7.20 Microorganisms -- 7.21 Soil erratics -- 7.22 Infillings and intergrowths -- 7.23 Other features -- 7.24 Features observed in polished blocks -- 8 Description of thin sections and polished blocks -- 8.1 Homogeneity and heterogeneity -- 8.2 Recognition of individuals -- 8.3 Recognition of patterns -- 8.4 Description of individuals and patterns -- 8.5 Quantification -- 8.6 Interpretation -- 8.7 Description of thin sections -- 8.8 Description of polished blocks -- 8.9 Reminder data of properties -- 8.10 Reminder data of features -- 9 Teaching micromorphology -- 9.1 Introductory course in thin section morphology -- 9.2 Advanced course in thin section morphology -- 9.3 Exercises -- 10 Photography -- 10.1 Photographing the whole specimen using transmitted light -- 10.2 Photographing the whole specimen using ultraviolet light -- 10.3 Photomicrography -- 10.4 Photography for pore identification -- 11 Ancillary techniques -- 11.1 Electron analyses -- 11.2 X-ray analysis of thin sections -- 11.3 Ion thinning -- 11.4 Low temperature ashing -- 11.5 Image analysis -- 11.6 Three-dimensional analysis -- 11.7 Polarization-interference contrast examinations -- 11.8 Phase contrast -- 11.9 Fluorescence -- 11.10 Staining feldspars -- 11.11 Staining carbonates -- 11.12 Staining clay minerals -- 11.13 Staining microorganisms -- 11.14 Preparation of acetate peels -- 11.15 Removal of iron oxides from thin sections -- 11.16 Autoradiographs of impregnated blocks and thin sections -- 12 Applications -- 12.1 Agriculture -- 12.2 Archeology -- 12.3 Engineering -- 12.4 Geomorphology -- 12.5 Paleoclimatology -- 12.6 Pedology and paleopedology -- 12.7 Soil microbiology -- 12.8 Soil zoology -- 13 The micromorphology of soils -- References.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789401091633
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: C. D. Darlington — In Memoriam -- Molecular Cytogenetics -- Sorting, Cloning and Analysis of Specific Human Chromosomes -- High Resolution Linkage Map of Human Chromosome llp -- Molecular Organisation of the Chromosome -- Z-DNA and Chromosome Structure -- Centromeric DNA in Yeast -- Telomeres and Artificial Chromosomes in Yeast -- Meiosis -- Genic Control of Meiosis -- Application of the Spreading Techniques to Structural Heterozygotes -- Synapsis, Synaptic Adjustment and DNA Synthesis in Mouse Oocytes -- The Synaptonemal Complex in Chromosome Pairing and Disjunction -- X-Inactivation and Its Role in Male Sterility -- Age-Related Aneuploidy and Its Aetiology — Testing Some of the Hypotheses -- Chromosomes and Cancer -- Chromosomes and Cancer: Chromatin’s Re-Awakening -- Structure and Function of Chromosomes -- Balbiani Ring Genes and Their Induction -- Active Genes and Puffs -- Mapping of Genetic Activity on Mammalian Chromosomes -- Spatial Order of Chromosomes -- Ordered Arrangement of Chromosomes in Wheat -- Towards a General Model for Spatial Law and Order in Nuclear and Karyotypic Architecture -- Correlation Between Interphase and Metaphase Chromosome Arrangements as Studied by Laser-Uv-Microbeam Experiments -- Chromosomes and Evolution -- Chromosomal Evolution, Speciation and Morphological Change in Vertebrates: The Role of Social Behaviour -- DNA Family Turnover and the Coevolution of Chromosomes -- The Evolution of Sex Chromosomes and Their Consequences for the Evolutionary Process -- The Evolutionary Consequence of Major Genomic Changes in Amphibia -- Linkage Group Conservation and the Notion of 24 Primordial Vertebrate Linkage Groups -- Explosive Chromosomal Speciation in Seismic Active Regions -- Abstracts of Selected Posters -- Author Index.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: C. D. Darlington - In MemoriamMolecular Cytogenetics -- Sorting, Cloning and Analysis of Specific Human Chromosomes -- High Resolution Linkage Map of Human Chromosome llp -- Molecular Organisation of the Chromosome -- Z-DNA and Chromosome Structure -- Centromeric DNA in Yeast -- Telomeres and Artificial Chromosomes in Yeast -- Meiosis -- Genic Control of Meiosis -- Application of the Spreading Techniques to Structural Heterozygotes -- Synapsis, Synaptic Adjustment and DNA Synthesis in Mouse Oocytes -- The Synaptonemal Complex in Chromosome Pairing and Disjunction -- X-Inactivation and Its Role in Male Sterility -- Age-Related Aneuploidy and Its Aetiology - Testing Some of the Hypotheses -- Chromosomes and Cancer -- Chromosomes and Cancer: Chromatin’s Re-Awakening -- Structure and Function of Chromosomes -- Balbiani Ring Genes and Their Induction -- Active Genes and Puffs -- Mapping of Genetic Activity on Mammalian Chromosomes -- Spatial Order of Chromosomes -- Ordered Arrangement of Chromosomes in Wheat -- Towards a General Model for Spatial Law and Order in Nuclear and Karyotypic Architecture -- Correlation Between Interphase and Metaphase Chromosome Arrangements as Studied by Laser-Uv-Microbeam Experiments -- Chromosomes and Evolution -- Chromosomal Evolution, Speciation and Morphological Change in Vertebrates: The Role of Social Behaviour -- DNA Family Turnover and the Coevolution of Chromosomes -- The Evolution of Sex Chromosomes and Their Consequences for the Evolutionary Process -- The Evolutionary Consequence of Major Genomic Changes in Amphibia -- Linkage Group Conservation and the Notion of 24 Primordial Vertebrate Linkage Groups -- Explosive Chromosomal Speciation in Seismic Active Regions -- Abstracts of Selected Posters -- Author Index.
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  • 57
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401096898
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Fundamental principles -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Euler equation -- 1.3 Reaction -- 1.4 Application to a centrifugal machine -- 1.5 Application to axial pumps and turbines -- 1.6 Alternative operating modes -- 1.7 Compressible flow theory -- 1.8 Shock wave effects -- 1.9 Cavitation -- 1.10 Illustrative examples -- 2 Principles and practice of scaling laws -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Performance laws -- 2.3 Concept of specific speed -- 2.4 Cavitation parameters -- 2.5 Scale effects in incompressible units -- 2.6 Scale effects in compressible machines -- 2.7 Illustrative examples -- 3 Principles of axial flow machines -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Wing theory -- 3.3 Isolated aerofoil data -- 3.4 Cascade data -- 3.5 Radial equilibrium theories -- 3.6 Actuator disc approach -- 3.7 Stall and surge effects -- 4 Principles of radial and mixed flow machines -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 One-dimensional approach -- 4.3 Two-dimensional approach -- 4.4 Three-dimensional problem -- 4.5 Discussion of theoretical approaches to analysis and design -- 5 Centrifugal machines -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Inlet or intake systems -- 5.3 Impeller -- 5.4 Outlet systems -- 5.5 Thrust loads due to hydrodynamic effects -- 6 Axial machines for incompressible flow -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Axial flow pumps and fans -- 6.3 Axial water turbines -- 6.4 Forces on blades and their implications for design -- 6.5 Concluding remarks -- 7 Axial turbines and compressors for compressible flow -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Approach to axial compressor principles -- 7.3 Axial turbine principles -- 7.4 Other problems -- 8 Radial flow turbines -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Water turbines -- 8.3 Radial inflow gas turbine -- 8.4 Ljungström or radial outflow turbine -- 9 Cavitation and other matters -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Effects of cavitation on machines -- 9.3 Problems involved in special pumping applications -- 9.4 Pumped storage systems -- 9.5 Some comments on output control of rotating machines -- References -- Additional bibliography.
    Kurzfassung: This text outlines the fluid and thermodynamic principles that apply to all classes of turbomachines, and the material has been presented in a unified way. The approach has been used with successive groups of final year mechanical engineering students, who have helped with the development of the ideas outlined. As with these students, the reader is assumed to have a basic understanding of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. However, the early chapters combine the relevant material with some new concepts, and provide basic reading references. Two related objectives have defined the scope of the treatment. The first is to provide a general treatment of the common forms of turbo machine, covering basic fluid dynamics and thermodynamics of flow through passages and over surfaces, with a brief derivation of the fundamental governing equations. The second objective is to apply this material to the various machines in enough detail to allow the major design and performance factors to be appreciated. Both objectives have been met by grouping the machines by flow path rather than by application, thus allowing an appreciation of points of similarity or difference in approach. No attempt has been made to cover detailed points of design or stressing, though the cited references and the body of information from which they have been taken give this sort of information. The first four chapters introduce the fundamental relations, and the suc­ ceeding chapters deal with applications to the various flow paths.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Fundamental principles1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Euler equation -- 1.3 Reaction -- 1.4 Application to a centrifugal machine -- 1.5 Application to axial pumps and turbines -- 1.6 Alternative operating modes -- 1.7 Compressible flow theory -- 1.8 Shock wave effects -- 1.9 Cavitation -- 1.10 Illustrative examples -- 2 Principles and practice of scaling laws -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Performance laws -- 2.3 Concept of specific speed -- 2.4 Cavitation parameters -- 2.5 Scale effects in incompressible units -- 2.6 Scale effects in compressible machines -- 2.7 Illustrative examples -- 3 Principles of axial flow machines -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Wing theory -- 3.3 Isolated aerofoil data -- 3.4 Cascade data -- 3.5 Radial equilibrium theories -- 3.6 Actuator disc approach -- 3.7 Stall and surge effects -- 4 Principles of radial and mixed flow machines -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 One-dimensional approach -- 4.3 Two-dimensional approach -- 4.4 Three-dimensional problem -- 4.5 Discussion of theoretical approaches to analysis and design -- 5 Centrifugal machines -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Inlet or intake systems -- 5.3 Impeller -- 5.4 Outlet systems -- 5.5 Thrust loads due to hydrodynamic effects -- 6 Axial machines for incompressible flow -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Axial flow pumps and fans -- 6.3 Axial water turbines -- 6.4 Forces on blades and their implications for design -- 6.5 Concluding remarks -- 7 Axial turbines and compressors for compressible flow -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Approach to axial compressor principles -- 7.3 Axial turbine principles -- 7.4 Other problems -- 8 Radial flow turbines -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Water turbines -- 8.3 Radial inflow gas turbine -- 8.4 Ljungström or radial outflow turbine -- 9 Cavitation and other matters -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Effects of cavitation on machines -- 9.3 Problems involved in special pumping applications -- 9.4 Pumped storage systems -- 9.5 Some comments on output control of rotating machines -- References -- Additional bibliography.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789401168250
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (227 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: The economic crisis and the social security -- Synthesis reports -- The financing of social security -- Pensions -- Le droit à la santé à l’épreuve de la crise économique -- Le chômage -- Family allowances and minimum income -- Sécurité sociale et insécurité économique -- National reports -- Rapport allemand -- Rapport autrichien -- Rapport belge -- Dutch report -- Rapport espagnol -- Rapport français -- Rapport grec -- Rapport italien -- Norvegian report -- Rapport suédois.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The economic crisis and the social securitySynthesis reports -- The financing of social security -- Pensions -- Le droit à la santé à l’épreuve de la crise économique -- Le chômage -- Family allowances and minimum income -- Sécurité sociale et insécurité économique -- National reports -- Rapport allemand -- Rapport autrichien -- Rapport belge -- Dutch report -- Rapport espagnol -- Rapport français -- Rapport grec -- Rapport italien -- Norvegian report -- Rapport suédois.
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  • 59
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    ISBN: 9789401165556
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Introduction2. Environments and Ecosystems: Freshwater and Marine -- 3. Environments and Ecosystems: Soils, Biological Purification Systems and Other Animals -- 4. Autotrophie Nutrition -- 5. Heterotrophic Feeding -- 6. Endocytotic Vacuoles in Digestion -- 7 Metabolic Pathways -- 8. Feeding in the Ciliophora -- 9. Variety in the Mastigophora -- 10. Sarcodina -- 11. Apicomplexa -- 12. Myxozoa, Microspora and Ascetospora -- 13. Inter-relationships in Protozoan Communities.
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  • 60
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401511810
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 243 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Developments in International Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Kurzfassung: I: The Evolution of the Doctrine of State Immunity -- 1 — Historical Background -- 2 — Emergence of a Specific Rule of State Immunity -- 3 — The Transition to Restricted Immunity in Major Absolute Immunity Jurisdictions -- 4 — Proposed Criteria for the Distinction between Public Acts and Private Acts of the Foreign State -- II: The Doctrine of State Immunity: A Critical View -- 1 — Some Theoretical Considerations -- 2 — Inferences Regarding State Immunity -- 3 — Common Ground between “Absolutists” and “Restrictionists” -- 4 — Immunity from Execution -- III: The Seven Recent Instruments: Common Features and Distinctive Provisions -- 1 — Immunity From Suit -- 2 — Immunity From Execution -- 3 — The Current State of the Law -- 4 — The Work of Learned Bodies -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Appendices -- Subject and Name Index -- Cases Cited.
    Kurzfassung: Ours is a world in which the volume of the external trade of the vast majority of nations has greatly expanded and continues to be on the rise. Transnational intercourse of all kinds is now a feature of an interdependent world economy in which no nation can afford to stand aloof from a market-place which has assumed global dimensions. It is also a world where many nations, and not only of the Socialist bloc, conduct some of their transnational business themselves, or else they entrust it to state-owned cor­ porations and to agencies of the state. In these circumstances it becomes of prime importance to know whether a foreign state or an agency or instrumentality thereof can be sued before the local courts and, if so, whether the final judgement obtained can be enforced against the funds or property of the judgement debtor. The question of the immunity of states from suit and from execution is thus one of direct practical relevance not only to the legal profession but also to governments and the business and banking communities all over the world. The economic effects of a particular legal stand on state immunity are obvious. The position of national courts on state immunity can either attract more business or discourage further dealings with foreign states or their agencies. It can thus affect the balance of payments and, in general, the role the country plays in the world market.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I: The Evolution of the Doctrine of State Immunity1 - Historical Background -- 2 - Emergence of a Specific Rule of State Immunity -- 3 - The Transition to Restricted Immunity in Major Absolute Immunity Jurisdictions -- 4 - Proposed Criteria for the Distinction between Public Acts and Private Acts of the Foreign State -- II: The Doctrine of State Immunity: A Critical View -- 1 - Some Theoretical Considerations -- 2 - Inferences Regarding State Immunity -- 3 - Common Ground between “Absolutists” and “Restrictionists” -- 4 - Immunity from Execution -- III: The Seven Recent Instruments: Common Features and Distinctive Provisions -- 1 - Immunity From Suit -- 2 - Immunity From Execution -- 3 - The Current State of the Law -- 4 - The Work of Learned Bodies -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Appendices -- Subject and Name Index -- Cases Cited.
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  • 61
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955424
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Carotenoid-Protein Complexes -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Carotenolipo (glyco) proteins -- 1.3 Carotenoproteins -- 1.4 Nature of bonding of pigments to apoproteins -- 1.5 References -- 2. Porifera -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Nature and distribution -- 2.3 Source of sponge carotenoids -- 2.4 Chemosystematics of sponge carotenoids -- 2.5 References -- 3. Coelenterates -- 3.1 Class Hydrozoa -- 3.2 Class Scyphozoa -- 3.3 Class Anthozoa -- 3.4 References -- 4. Echinodermata, Annelida, Sipunculida, Priapulida, Platyhelminthes and Bryozoa -- 4.1 Echinodermata -- 4.2 Annelida -- 4.3 Sipunculida -- 4.4 Priapulida -- 4.5 Platyhelminthes -- 4.6 Bryozoa -- 4.7 Formation and metabolism -- 4.8 References -- 5. Mollusca -- 5.1 Pelecypoda (Bivalvia, Lamellibranchia, Acephala) -- 5.2 Gastropoda -- 5.3 Amphineura -- 5.4 Cephalopoda -- 5.5 Function of carotenoids -- 5.6 References -- 6. Crustacea -- 6.1 Nature and distribution -- 6.2 Localization -- 6.3 Metabolism -- 6.4 Hormonal control of pigmentation -- 6.5 Sexual dimorphism -- 6.6 Colour variants -- 6.7 Environmental and ecological considerations -- 6.8 Crowding -- 6.9 Parasitization -- 6.10 Function -- 6.11 References -- 7. Arachnids and Insects -- 7.1 Arachnida -- 7.2 Insecta -- 7.3 Function -- 7.4 References -- 8. Tunicates and Fish -- 8.1 Tunicates -- 8.2 Fish -- 8.3 References -- 9. Amphibia and Reptiles -- 9.1 Amphibia -- 9.2 Reptiles -- 9.3 References -- 10. Birds -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Distribution -- 10.3 Formation -- 10.4 Metabolism -- 10.5 Function -- 10.6 Coloration of poultry foods -- 10.7 References -- 11. Mammals -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Carotenoid accumulators -- 11.3 Non-accumulators -- 11.4 Conversion of carotenoids into Vitamin A -- 11.5 References -- General Index -- Species Index.
    Kurzfassung: des Plantes (Hermann, Paris), and in 1935 by Lederer's Les Carotenoides des Animaux (Hermann, Paris). Since then a survey such as the present one has not appeared. In order to present a full picture, much of the pre-1934 work has been reconsidered and, as far as is known, every important contribution which has appeared since that date has been discussed. Two peripheral aspects ofthe subject have, however, been omitted, namely (a) the qualita­ tive and quantitative changes which the carotenoids of plant materials undergo in storage or during processing into food and (b) the carotene (pro-vitamin A) requirements of different animal species; it was felt that the former, about which a great deal has been written, was too technological to be suitable for inclusion in the present volume, whilst the latter is more suitable for a monograph on vitamin A. The very wide distribution of the carotenoids in Nature suggests that, in spite of the superficially diverse functions ascribed to them in different living tissues, there may be some factor or property through which all these functions will eventually be correlated; any suggestion as to the nature of this common property can perhaps come most readily from a comparative approach. Apart from critically surveying the literature this book has been constructed so as to focus attention on comparative data and their possible implications.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Carotenoid-Protein Complexes1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Carotenolipo (glyco) proteins -- 1.3 Carotenoproteins -- 1.4 Nature of bonding of pigments to apoproteins -- 1.5 References -- 2. Porifera -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Nature and distribution -- 2.3 Source of sponge carotenoids -- 2.4 Chemosystematics of sponge carotenoids -- 2.5 References -- 3. Coelenterates -- 3.1 Class Hydrozoa -- 3.2 Class Scyphozoa -- 3.3 Class Anthozoa -- 3.4 References -- 4. Echinodermata, Annelida, Sipunculida, Priapulida, Platyhelminthes and Bryozoa -- 4.1 Echinodermata -- 4.2 Annelida -- 4.3 Sipunculida -- 4.4 Priapulida -- 4.5 Platyhelminthes -- 4.6 Bryozoa -- 4.7 Formation and metabolism -- 4.8 References -- 5. Mollusca -- 5.1 Pelecypoda (Bivalvia, Lamellibranchia, Acephala) -- 5.2 Gastropoda -- 5.3 Amphineura -- 5.4 Cephalopoda -- 5.5 Function of carotenoids -- 5.6 References -- 6. Crustacea -- 6.1 Nature and distribution -- 6.2 Localization -- 6.3 Metabolism -- 6.4 Hormonal control of pigmentation -- 6.5 Sexual dimorphism -- 6.6 Colour variants -- 6.7 Environmental and ecological considerations -- 6.8 Crowding -- 6.9 Parasitization -- 6.10 Function -- 6.11 References -- 7. Arachnids and Insects -- 7.1 Arachnida -- 7.2 Insecta -- 7.3 Function -- 7.4 References -- 8. Tunicates and Fish -- 8.1 Tunicates -- 8.2 Fish -- 8.3 References -- 9. Amphibia and Reptiles -- 9.1 Amphibia -- 9.2 Reptiles -- 9.3 References -- 10. Birds -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Distribution -- 10.3 Formation -- 10.4 Metabolism -- 10.5 Function -- 10.6 Coloration of poultry foods -- 10.7 References -- 11. Mammals -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Carotenoid accumulators -- 11.3 Non-accumulators -- 11.4 Conversion of carotenoids into Vitamin A -- 11.5 References -- General Index -- Species Index.
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401159890
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 1A General remarks -- 1B Classification of organisms -- 1C Lipid nomenclature -- 2 Major Lipid Types in Plants and Micro-Organisms -- 2A Fatty acids -- 2B Acyl lipids -- 2C Terpenoids -- 2D Sterols -- 2E Other lipid types -- 2F Ether lipids -- 3 Distribution of Lipids -- 3A Lipid distributions in different organisms and their use in taxonomy -- 3B Subcellular distribution of lipids -- 3C Intramembrane lipid distribution -- 3D Subcellular fractionation and membrane isolation -- 3E Factors affecting the lipid composition of plants and microorganisms -- 4 Biosynthesis -- 4A Fatty acids -- 4B Acyl lipids -- 4C Terpenoids and steroids -- 4D Complex lipids -- 4E Ether lipids -- 5 Degradation -- 5A Degradation of acyl lipids -- 5B Oxidation of fatty acids -- 6 Lipid Functions -- 6A Membrane structure and function -- 6B Storage -- 6C Microbial lipids as virulence factors -- 6D Conclusion -- Further reading.
    Kurzfassung: This short text is designed to provide basic information about plant and microbial lipids not only for scientists working in the microbiological and plant fields, but for anyone wanting a concise introduction to this aspect of lipid biochemistry. We have long been aware that standard biochemistry books tend to. concentrate (sometimes exclusively) on animal lipids, thus neglecting many of the important and special features of other organisms. It is not our intention that the book should be comprehensive and we have not, for instance, provided complete lists of lipid compositions of all plants and bacterial species; a number of excellent specialist texts exist and many of these are listed for further reading. Instead we have sought to provide sufficient information for an advanced undergraduate or a research student to give them a 'feel' for the subject. By a combination of generalisation and the use of examples of special interest we hope the book will whet the appetite of the reader so that, by their own research, they are stimulated to discover and, perhaps, answer some of the fascinating questions concerning plant and microbial lipids. We trust that we shall succeed in these aims, even if that will mean more competition for research funds in our own fields! J. L. HARWOOD N. J. RUSSELL November 1983 Acknowledgements Our research careers have been devoted to a study of lipids: we have no regrets and are happy to acknowledge Professors J. N.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction1A General remarks -- 1B Classification of organisms -- 1C Lipid nomenclature -- 2 Major Lipid Types in Plants and Micro-Organisms -- 2A Fatty acids -- 2B Acyl lipids -- 2C Terpenoids -- 2D Sterols -- 2E Other lipid types -- 2F Ether lipids -- 3 Distribution of Lipids -- 3A Lipid distributions in different organisms and their use in taxonomy -- 3B Subcellular distribution of lipids -- 3C Intramembrane lipid distribution -- 3D Subcellular fractionation and membrane isolation -- 3E Factors affecting the lipid composition of plants and microorganisms -- 4 Biosynthesis -- 4A Fatty acids -- 4B Acyl lipids -- 4C Terpenoids and steroids -- 4D Complex lipids -- 4E Ether lipids -- 5 Degradation -- 5A Degradation of acyl lipids -- 5B Oxidation of fatty acids -- 6 Lipid Functions -- 6A Membrane structure and function -- 6B Storage -- 6C Microbial lipids as virulence factors -- 6D Conclusion -- Further reading.
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  • 63
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401577014
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 182 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 The nature of viruses -- 2 Exposure to viruses and some consequences -- 3 Viruses associated with invertebrates -- 4 Viruses and the terrestrial environment -- 5 Viruses in aquatic environments -- 6 Strategies of virus maintenance in communities -- Conclusion -- References -- Author Index.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 The nature of viruses2 Exposure to viruses and some consequences -- 3 Viruses associated with invertebrates -- 4 Viruses and the terrestrial environment -- 5 Viruses in aquatic environments -- 6 Strategies of virus maintenance in communities -- Conclusion -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 64
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401537261
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 580 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Kurzfassung: I / Design -- 1. Purpose of the Study -- 2. The Concept of Happiness -- 3. Indicators of Happiness -- 4. Searching Empirical Happiness Studies -- 5. Presenting the Findings -- II / Excerpts -- III / Correlates -- IV / Public Happiness -- Appendix A Technical Terms Used in the Excerpts -- Appendix B Measures of Association Used in One or More of the Studies -- Appendix C Test Statistics Used in One or More of the Studies -- References -- Author Index.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I / Design1. Purpose of the Study -- 2. The Concept of Happiness -- 3. Indicators of Happiness -- 4. Searching Empirical Happiness Studies -- 5. Presenting the Findings -- II / Excerpts -- III / Correlates -- IV / Public Happiness -- Appendix A Technical Terms Used in the Excerpts -- Appendix B Measures of Association Used in One or More of the Studies -- Appendix C Test Statistics Used in One or More of the Studies -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 65
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400964327
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 461 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 The Concept of Happiness -- 2/1 The various meanings of the word happiness -- 2/2 Happiness defined -- 2/3 Components of happiness -- 2/4 Adjacent concepts -- 2/5 Synonyms of happiness -- 2/6 Summary -- 3 Can Happiness be Measured? -- 3/1 Validity problems -- 3/2 Reliability problems -- 3/3 Problems of comparison -- 3/4 Summary -- 4 Indicators of Happiness -- 4/1 Indicators of overall happiness -- 4/2 Indicators of hedonic level of affect -- 4/3 Indicators of contentment -- 4/4 Composites -- 4/5 Do the three kinds of indicators tap different phenomena? -- 4/6 Summary -- 5 Gathering the Available Data -- 5/1 Searching empirical happiness studies -- 5/2 The studies found -- 5/3 Presenting the findings -- 5/4 Limitations of the data -- 5/5 Summary -- 6 Happiness and Living Conditions -- 6/1 Happiness and society -- 6/2 Happiness and one’s place in society -- 6/3 Happiness and work -- 6/4 Happiness and intimate ties -- 6/5 Summary -- 7 Happiness and Individual Characteristics -- 7/1 Happiness and personal resources -- 7/2 Happiness and some personality traits -- 7/3 Happiness and lifestyle -- 7/4 Happiness and longings -- 7/5 Happiness and convictions -- 7/6 Happiness and appreciations -- 7/7 Summary -- 8 Antecedents of Happiness -- 8/1 Happiness and earlier living conditions -- 8/2 Happiness and earlier personal characteristics -- 8/3 Summary -- 9 Conclusions -- 9/1 Conditions of happiness -- 9/2 Myths about happiness -- References -- Author index.
    Kurzfassung: This book is about the degree to which people take pleasure in life: in short 'happiness'. It tries to identify conditions that favor a positive appreciation of life. Thus it hopes to shed more light on a longstanding and intriguing ques­ tion and, possibly, to guide attempts to improve the human lot. During the preceding decades a growing number of investigations have dealt with this issue. As a result there is now a sizable body of data. Yet it is quite difficult to make sense of it. There is a muddle of theories, concepts and indicators, and many of the findings seem to be contradictory. This book attempts to bring some order into the field. The study draws on an inventory of empirical investigations which involved valid indicators of happiness; 245 studies are involved, which together yield some 4000 observations: for the main part correlational ones. These results are presented in full detail in the simultaneously published 'Databook of Happiness' (Veenhoven 1984). The present volume distils conclusions from that wealth of data. It tries to assess the reality value of the findings and the degree to which correlations reflect the conditions of happiness rather than the consequences of it. It then attempts to place the scattered findings in context. As such, this work is not a typical study of literature on happiness.
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  • 66
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955585
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction and definitions1.1 The community -- 1.2 Community structure -- 1.3 Species diversity -- 1.4 Trends in species richness -- 1.5 The problem restated -- 2 Niche theory -- 2.1 Development of the niche concept -- 2.2 Niche width -- 2.3 Niche overlap -- 2.4 Diffuse competition -- 2.5 Niche dynamics -- 2.6 The niche - a property of the species or the community? -- 2.7 Summary -- 3 Competition and the niche; the effect on niche width -- 3.1 Theoretical effects of competition on the species niche -- 3.2 Criteria for the identification of competition in the field -- 3.3 The natural effects of intraspecific competition -- 3.4 The natural effects of interspecific competition -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 4 Competition and the niche; limiting similarity and differential niche overlap -- 4.1 Limiting similarity - the theoretical approach -- 4.2 The degree of limiting similarity -- 4.3 Niche dimensionality and differential overlap -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 5 Predation and species diversity -- 5.1 Theoretical studies -- 5.2 Plant-herbivore interactions -- 5.3 Predator-prey interactions -- 5.4 Reduced community diversity through predation -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 6 Competition and predation; complementarity of the hypotheses -- 6.1 The controversy -- 6.2 Interactions between competition and predation -- 6.3 Classification scheme -- 6.4 Conclusion -- 7 Saturation of communities -- 7.1 True islands -- 7.2 Habitat islands -- 7.3 Host plant islands -- 7.4 Continental saturation -- 7.5 Conclusion -- 8 Species diversity trends - theories and hypotheses -- 8.1 Time -- 8.2 Environmental conditions -- 8.3 Biotic factors -- 8.4 Explanations of species diversity patterns in two specific examples -- 8.5 Conclusion -- 9 The relative abundance of species -- 9.1 Fisher’s series -- 9.2 Lognormal distribution -- 9.3 ‘Broken stick’ or random niche boundary hypothesis -- 9.4 Niche pre-emption or geometric series hypothesis -- 9.5 Conclusion -- 10 Community structure: the patterns and rules -- 10.1 Community patterns -- 10.2 Communities: random or structured species associations -- 10.3 Community rules -- 10.4 Expressions of community structure -- 10.5 Stability/diversity relationships -- 10.6 Concluding remarks -- References.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789400932838
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 - Psychological and Sociological Parameters for Studies of Breakdown in Human Adaptation -- I. General Overviews -- Towards a taxonomy of methods: a general overview of psychological approaches in the study of breakdown of human adaptation -- Psychological field study techniques: overview and needs -- Psychological field study techniques: a critical evaluation -- Sociological parameters in studies of breakdown: a selective overview -- Use of psychological indices in epidemiological studies: overview and needs -- Stressful life events and illness: a review with special reference to a criticism of the life-event method -- II. Conceptual Approaches -- A lifetime prospective study of human adaptation and health -- Psychosocial and psychophysiological factors in the design and the evaluation of working conditions within health care systems -- The relation of social to pathophysiological processes: evidence from epidemiological studies -- Unemployment and health: a review of methodology -- Ontogenetic development and breakdown in adaptation: a review on psychosocial factors contributing to the development of myocardial infarction, and a description of a research program -- Physiological issues in establishing links between psychosocial factors and cardiovascular illness -- White collar occupation and coronary prone behaviour -- III. Methods -- Psychological methods: an overview of clinical applications -- Psychological factors in the breakdown of human adaptation: some methodological issues -- Monitoring signs of decrease in human adaptation: use of quantitative measures available in official statistics -- Inventory of stressful life-events (ILE) -- The Norwegian female climacteric project (VOS) -- Questionnaire for organisational stress (VOS) -- A scale for measuring the marital relationship among males -- 2 - Human Performance and Breakdown in Adaptation -- Human performance in transport operations: introductory remarks -- I. Air Transport -- Air crew workload -- Safety, individual performance and mental workload in air transport: Oedipus as Icarus -- Stress management in air transport operations: beyond alcohol and drugs -- Reasons for eliminating the “age 60” regulation for airline pilots -- Human factors education in European air transport operations -- II. Road Transport -- Behaviour research in road traffic -- Some theoretical considerations on accident research -- Accident of bus drivers — practical and methodological problems -- Effects of alcohol on driving performance: a critical look on the epidemiological, experimental and psychosocial approaches -- Investigations on the influence of continuous driving on the motion activity of vehicle drivers -- III. Sea Transport -- Human performance in seafaring -- Stress factors and countermeasures in navigation -- Ship of the future: human problems and performance -- Accidents on board merchant ships -- Sleep data sampled from the crew of a merchant marine ship -- IV; Special Reviews -- Transport operators as responsible persons in stressful situations -- Stress response as a function of age and sex -- Drugs and transport operations -- Mechanical vibration in transport operations -- V. Methods -- Continuous electrophysiological recording -- Dimensions of flight crew performance decrements: methodological implications for field research -- Methodology in workstress studies.
    Kurzfassung: The widespread interest in "stressful" aspects of contemporary society which contribute to its burden of illness and diseases (e.g. gastro intestinal, cardiovascular) has led to a large number of state­ ments and reports which relate the manifestations to a maladaptation of the individual. Furthermore, recent research suggests that under some condi tions stress may have a more generalized effect of decreasing the body's ability to combat destructive forces and expose it to a variety of diseases. Breakdown in adaptation occurs when an individual cannot cope with demands inherent in his environment. These may be due to an excessive mental or physical load, including factors of a social or psychological nature and task performance requirements ranging from those which are monotonous, simple and repetitive to complex, fast, decision-taking ones. Experience shows however that not all people placed under the same condi tions suffer similarly, and it follows that to the social and psychological environment should be added a genetic factor influencing, through the brain, the responses of individuals. It is clear that, besides human suffering, this "breakdown in adaptation" causes massive losses of revenue to industry and national health authorities. Thus a reduction in "stress", before "breakdown" occurs, or an improvement in coping with it would be very valuable.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 - Psychological and Sociological Parameters for Studies of Breakdown in Human AdaptationI. General Overviews -- Towards a taxonomy of methods: a general overview of psychological approaches in the study of breakdown of human adaptation -- Psychological field study techniques: overview and needs -- Psychological field study techniques: a critical evaluation -- Sociological parameters in studies of breakdown: a selective overview -- Use of psychological indices in epidemiological studies: overview and needs -- Stressful life events and illness: a review with special reference to a criticism of the life-event method -- II. Conceptual Approaches -- A lifetime prospective study of human adaptation and health -- Psychosocial and psychophysiological factors in the design and the evaluation of working conditions within health care systems -- The relation of social to pathophysiological processes: evidence from epidemiological studies -- Unemployment and health: a review of methodology -- Ontogenetic development and breakdown in adaptation: a review on psychosocial factors contributing to the development of myocardial infarction, and a description of a research program -- Physiological issues in establishing links between psychosocial factors and cardiovascular illness -- White collar occupation and coronary prone behaviour -- III. Methods -- Psychological methods: an overview of clinical applications -- Psychological factors in the breakdown of human adaptation: some methodological issues -- Monitoring signs of decrease in human adaptation: use of quantitative measures available in official statistics -- Inventory of stressful life-events (ILE) -- The Norwegian female climacteric project (VOS) -- Questionnaire for organisational stress (VOS) -- A scale for measuring the marital relationship among males -- 2 - Human Performance and Breakdown in Adaptation -- Human performance in transport operations: introductory remarks -- I. Air Transport -- Air crew workload -- Safety, individual performance and mental workload in air transport: Oedipus as Icarus -- Stress management in air transport operations: beyond alcohol and drugs -- Reasons for eliminating the “age 60” regulation for airline pilots -- Human factors education in European air transport operations -- II. Road Transport -- Behaviour research in road traffic -- Some theoretical considerations on accident research -- Accident of bus drivers - practical and methodological problems -- Effects of alcohol on driving performance: a critical look on the epidemiological, experimental and psychosocial approaches -- Investigations on the influence of continuous driving on the motion activity of vehicle drivers -- III. Sea Transport -- Human performance in seafaring -- Stress factors and countermeasures in navigation -- Ship of the future: human problems and performance -- Accidents on board merchant ships -- Sleep data sampled from the crew of a merchant marine ship -- IV; Special Reviews -- Transport operators as responsible persons in stressful situations -- Stress response as a function of age and sex -- Drugs and transport operations -- Mechanical vibration in transport operations -- V. Methods -- Continuous electrophysiological recording -- Dimensions of flight crew performance decrements: methodological implications for field research -- Methodology in workstress studies.
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  • 68
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955363
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The ethological approach to the study of behaviour -- 1.2 A brief outline of classical ethological theory -- 1.3 The modern study of animal behaviour -- 1.4 An outline of the book -- 2 The description and measurement of behaviour -- 2.1 Describing behaviour by its function -- 2.2 Describing behaviour by its form -- 2.3 Describing and measuring the relationship between an animal and its environment -- 2.4 What is the point of all this sophisticated analysis? -- 3 The study of the causes of behavioural change -- 3.1 What constitutes a causal explanation of behaviour? -- 3.2 The different kinds of causal explanation -- 3.3 Motivational models -- 3.4 Studying external influences on behaviour -- 3.5 Studying internal influences on behaviour -- 3.6 What is the nature of the mechanisms which cause behavioural change? -- 3.7 Studying the physiological bases of behavioural change -- 4 The development of behaviour -- 4.1 Problems with the instinct-learning dichotomy -- 4.2 Why is the term innate still used? -- 4.3 Describing the ontogeny of behaviour -- 4.4 Characterizing the factors which influence the development of behaviour -- 4.5 Classifying the factors which influence the development of behaviour -- 4.6 Some general features of behavioural development -- 5 The adaptive significance of behaviour -- 5.1 Sources of evidence about the adaptive significance of behaviour -- 5.2 Difficulties in studying the adaptive significance of behaviour -- 5.3 The state of the art -- 5.4 The adaptive significance of the way animals pattern their behavior in time -- 5.5 The adaptive significance of the way animals use space -- 5.6 The adaptive significance of an animal’s aggressive responses -- 5.7 The adaptive significance of an animal’s breeding habits; mating systems -- 5.8 Adaptive significance of behaviour accompanying mating -- 5.9 The adaptive significance of parental care -- 5.10 The adaptive significance of living in groups -- 5.11 Behaviour which cannot be explained by classic natural selection theory -- 5.12 Overview; sociobiology and behavioural ecology -- 6 The phylogeny of behaviour -- 6.1 Sources of evidence about the phylogeny of behaviour -- 6.2 Some representative behavioural phylogenies -- 6.3 Deriving general principles of behavioural evolution -- 7 The role of behaviour in the evolutionary process -- 7.1 The behaviour of other animals as a major selective force -- 7.2 Behaviour dictates the selection pressures to which an animal is exposed -- 7.3 The impact of behaviour on population structure -- 8 Behavioural genetics -- 8.1 The objectives of research into the inheritance of behaviour -- 8.2 Potential contributions of genetics to the study of animal behaviour -- 8.3 Quantitative genetics -- 8.5 Screening known genetic variants for behavioural differences -- 8.6 Characterizing the precise behavioural effects of genetic differences -- 8.7 The mechanisms whereby genes influence behaviour -- 8.8 Genetic mosaics -- 8.9 Animal behaviour and behavioural genetics -- 9 Applied ethology -- 9.1 Clarification of terms; what is applied ethology? -- 9.2 Ways in which etiological research can be applied to practical problems -- 9.3 Pest control -- 9.4 Increasing the productivity of commercially important species -- 9.5 Animal welfare -- 9.6 Conservation -- 9.7 Human behaviour -- References -- Author index -- Species index.
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this book is to identify the main areas of active discussion about, and research into, the biology of animal behaviour, to describe and assess ways in which these can be studied and using selected examples, to illus­ trate the kinds of results which are emerging. It is not intended to provide an exhaustive review of all we know about animal behaviour, although the examples have been chosen to cover as many as possible of the things that animals do. XlV Preface Acknowledgements I would like to thank C. Swann, M.L.N. Murthy and the Superbrain for typing the manuscript; Linda Partridge, Pat Monaghan, Douglas Fraser and Richard Wilson for constructive criticism of earlier drafts; Alan Crowden for help in planning and producing the book and, particularly, Tim Huntingford for help and encouragement at all stages of its pro­ duction. Acknowledgements are gratefully made to Jim Tulley fot producing plates 1, 2, 3, 7 and 12 and to Michael Hansell for the remainder.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction1.1 The ethological approach to the study of behaviour -- 1.2 A brief outline of classical ethological theory -- 1.3 The modern study of animal behaviour -- 1.4 An outline of the book -- 2 The description and measurement of behaviour -- 2.1 Describing behaviour by its function -- 2.2 Describing behaviour by its form -- 2.3 Describing and measuring the relationship between an animal and its environment -- 2.4 What is the point of all this sophisticated analysis? -- 3 The study of the causes of behavioural change -- 3.1 What constitutes a causal explanation of behaviour? -- 3.2 The different kinds of causal explanation -- 3.3 Motivational models -- 3.4 Studying external influences on behaviour -- 3.5 Studying internal influences on behaviour -- 3.6 What is the nature of the mechanisms which cause behavioural change? -- 3.7 Studying the physiological bases of behavioural change -- 4 The development of behaviour -- 4.1 Problems with the instinct-learning dichotomy -- 4.2 Why is the term innate still used? -- 4.3 Describing the ontogeny of behaviour -- 4.4 Characterizing the factors which influence the development of behaviour -- 4.5 Classifying the factors which influence the development of behaviour -- 4.6 Some general features of behavioural development -- 5 The adaptive significance of behaviour -- 5.1 Sources of evidence about the adaptive significance of behaviour -- 5.2 Difficulties in studying the adaptive significance of behaviour -- 5.3 The state of the art -- 5.4 The adaptive significance of the way animals pattern their behavior in time -- 5.5 The adaptive significance of the way animals use space -- 5.6 The adaptive significance of an animal’s aggressive responses -- 5.7 The adaptive significance of an animal’s breeding habits; mating systems -- 5.8 Adaptive significance of behaviour accompanying mating -- 5.9 The adaptive significance of parental care -- 5.10 The adaptive significance of living in groups -- 5.11 Behaviour which cannot be explained by classic natural selection theory -- 5.12 Overview; sociobiology and behavioural ecology -- 6 The phylogeny of behaviour -- 6.1 Sources of evidence about the phylogeny of behaviour -- 6.2 Some representative behavioural phylogenies -- 6.3 Deriving general principles of behavioural evolution -- 7 The role of behaviour in the evolutionary process -- 7.1 The behaviour of other animals as a major selective force -- 7.2 Behaviour dictates the selection pressures to which an animal is exposed -- 7.3 The impact of behaviour on population structure -- 8 Behavioural genetics -- 8.1 The objectives of research into the inheritance of behaviour -- 8.2 Potential contributions of genetics to the study of animal behaviour -- 8.3 Quantitative genetics -- 8.5 Screening known genetic variants for behavioural differences -- 8.6 Characterizing the precise behavioural effects of genetic differences -- 8.7 The mechanisms whereby genes influence behaviour -- 8.8 Genetic mosaics -- 8.9 Animal behaviour and behavioural genetics -- 9 Applied ethology -- 9.1 Clarification of terms; what is applied ethology? -- 9.2 Ways in which etiological research can be applied to practical problems -- 9.3 Pest control -- 9.4 Increasing the productivity of commercially important species -- 9.5 Animal welfare -- 9.6 Conservation -- 9.7 Human behaviour -- References -- Author index -- Species index.
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  • 69
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955622
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: I Theoretical -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Gas adsorption -- 3 Adsorption isotherms -- 4 Langmuir and BET theories -- 5 The single point BET method -- 6 Adsorbate cross-sectional areas -- 7 Other surface area methods -- 8 Pore analysis by adsorption -- 9 Microporosity -- 10 Theory of wetting and capillarity for mercury porosimetry -- 11 Interpretation of mercury porosimetry data -- 12 Hysteresis, entrapment, and contact angle -- II Experimental -- 13 Adsorption measurements-Preliminaries -- 14 Vacuum volumetric measurements -- 15 Dynamic methods -- 16 Other flow methods -- 17 Gravimetric method -- 18 Comparison of experimental adsorption methods -- 19 Chemisorption -- 20 Mercury porosimetry -- 21 Density measurement -- References.
    Kurzfassung: The rapid growth of interest in powders and their surface properties in many diverse industries prompted the writing of this book for those who have the need to make meaningful measurements without the benefit of years of experience. It is intended as an introduction to some of the elementary theory and experimental methods used to study the surface area, porosity and density of powders. It may be found useful by those with little or no training in solid surfaces who have the need to quickly learn the rudiments of surface area, density and pore-size measurements. Syosset, New York S. Lowell May, 1983 J. E. Shields Xl List of symbols Use of symbols for purposes other than those indicated in the following list are so defined in the text. Some symbols not shown in this list are defined in the text. d adsorbate cross-sectional area A area; condensation coefficient; collision frequency C BET constant c concentration D diameter; coefficient of thermal diffusion E adsorption potential f permeability aspect factor F flow rate; force; feed rate 9 gravitational constant G Gibbs free energy GS free surface energy h heat of immersion per unit area; height H enthalpy Hi heat of immersion Hsv heat of adsorption BET intercept; filament current k thermal conductivity; specific reaction rate K Harkins-Jura constant I length L heat of liquefaction M mass M molecular weight n number of moles N number of molecules; number of particles N Avagadro's number .
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I Theoretical1 Introduction -- 2 Gas adsorption -- 3 Adsorption isotherms -- 4 Langmuir and BET theories -- 5 The single point BET method -- 6 Adsorbate cross-sectional areas -- 7 Other surface area methods -- 8 Pore analysis by adsorption -- 9 Microporosity -- 10 Theory of wetting and capillarity for mercury porosimetry -- 11 Interpretation of mercury porosimetry data -- 12 Hysteresis, entrapment, and contact angle -- II Experimental -- 13 Adsorption measurements-Preliminaries -- 14 Vacuum volumetric measurements -- 15 Dynamic methods -- 16 Other flow methods -- 17 Gravimetric method -- 18 Comparison of experimental adsorption methods -- 19 Chemisorption -- 20 Mercury porosimetry -- 21 Density measurement -- References.
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  • 70
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400962286
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 151 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Sociology.
    Kurzfassung: Schutz’s Life Story and the Understanding of his Work -- The Well-informed Citizen: Alfred Schutz and Applied Theory -- Explorations of the Lebenswelt: Reflections on Schutz and Habermas -- Discussion of Wagner, Imber, and Rasmussen -- A. Schutz and F. Kaufmann: Sociology Between Science and Interpretation -- On the Origin of ‘Phenomenological’ Sociology -- Surrender-and-Catch and Phenomenology -- On Surrender, Death, and the Sociology of Knowledge -- The Provisional Homecomer -- Review Section -- Helmut R. Wagner. Alfred Schutz: An Intellectual Biography -- Burke C. Thomason. Making Sense of Reification: Alfred Schutz and Constructionist Theory -- Helmut R. Wagner. Phenomenology of Consciousness and Sociology of the Life-world: An Introductory Study.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Schutz’s Life Story and the Understanding of his WorkThe Well-informed Citizen: Alfred Schutz and Applied Theory -- Explorations of the Lebenswelt: Reflections on Schutz and Habermas -- Discussion of Wagner, Imber, and Rasmussen -- A. Schutz and F. Kaufmann: Sociology Between Science and Interpretation -- On the Origin of ‘Phenomenological’ Sociology -- Surrender-and-Catch and Phenomenology -- On Surrender, Death, and the Sociology of Knowledge -- The Provisional Homecomer -- Review Section -- Helmut R. Wagner. Alfred Schutz: An Intellectual Biography -- Burke C. Thomason. Making Sense of Reification: Alfred Schutz and Constructionist Theory -- Helmut R. Wagner. Phenomenology of Consciousness and Sociology of the Life-world: An Introductory Study.
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  • 71
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401160537
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. The Medium and the Market — An Overview -- 1.1 A Telecommunications Overview -- 1.2 Understanding the Basics -- 1.3 A Bright Future with Fiber Optics -- 1.4 A View from the Business Side -- 2. Modems and Multiplexers -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Role of Modems -- 2.3 Modem Applications -- 2.4 Industry Standards -- 2.5 Modem Features -- 2.6 Multiplexing Reduces Communications Cost -- 2.7 Multiplexer Technology -- 2.8 Statistical Multiplexer -- 3. Protocols and Codes -- 3.1 What is a Protocol? -- 3.2 Protocol Hierarchy -- 3.3 Physical Electrical Interface -- 3.4 Link Control Structure -- 3.5 Bisync Protocol -- 3.6 HDLC Protocol -- 3.7 SDLC Overview -- 3.8 System Network Architecture (SNA) -- 3.9 Polling Explained -- 3.10 Transmission Codes -- 3.11 Code and Speed Converters -- 3.12 Treatment of Errors -- 3.13 Front-End Processors -- 4. Terminal Technology -- 4.1 CRT Display Terminals -- 4.2 Printing Technologies -- 4.3 Graphic Terminals -- 4.4 Facsimile Technology -- 4.5 Integrated Workstations -- 5. Network Management -- 5.1 Network Control Design Considerations -- 5.2 Elementary Monitoring -- 5.3 Redundancy and Compatability -- 5.4 Network Testing -- 5.5 Centralized Troubleshooting -- 5.6 Network Control Center -- 5.7 Specialized Test Equipment -- 5.8 Network Security -- 6. Network Structures -- 6.1 Topology Tradeoffs -- 6.2 Local Area Networks -- 6.3 Distributed Communications -- 6.4 Message Switching Networks -- 6.5 Integrated Voice and Data -- 6.6 Shared Resources -- 6.7 Packet Switching Networks -- 6.8 Network Design Considerations -- 7. Satellite and Carrier Services -- 7.1 Satellite Overview -- 7.2 Selecting a Transmission Method -- 7.3 Facsimile Services -- Glossary of Terms.
    Kurzfassung: Modern technology began in the 1950's and 1960's, with the devel­ opment of transistor technology. At first it was useful in improving the performance of voice communications. But then it made possible extraordinary computer capability in manageable size-and at man­ ageable cost. First came large mainframe computers for only the largest companies; and later the microcomputer as we know it today. The increasing use of computers, in the 1960's with their ability to manipulate and store vast quantities of information, stimulated the need for computers to communicate with one another and so tele­ phone circuits had to be segregated and conditioned specifically for computer traffic, using the modem. Computers ushered in a new era of business communications in which data could be developed, ma­ nipulated, stored or transmitted with remarkable ease. The recent pace of technological advancement has been breath­ taking and, today, the distinction between communications and computers is no longer even necessary. Computers, at the very core of communications networks, route and control communications on major common carriers. The decade of the 1980's is bearing the fruits of the marriage of computers and communications. For the first time networks are en­ abling organizations to utilize the combined processing power of computers and communications equipment.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. The Medium and the Market - An Overview1.1 A Telecommunications Overview -- 1.2 Understanding the Basics -- 1.3 A Bright Future with Fiber Optics -- 1.4 A View from the Business Side -- 2. Modems and Multiplexers -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Role of Modems -- 2.3 Modem Applications -- 2.4 Industry Standards -- 2.5 Modem Features -- 2.6 Multiplexing Reduces Communications Cost -- 2.7 Multiplexer Technology -- 2.8 Statistical Multiplexer -- 3. Protocols and Codes -- 3.1 What is a Protocol? -- 3.2 Protocol Hierarchy -- 3.3 Physical Electrical Interface -- 3.4 Link Control Structure -- 3.5 Bisync Protocol -- 3.6 HDLC Protocol -- 3.7 SDLC Overview -- 3.8 System Network Architecture (SNA) -- 3.9 Polling Explained -- 3.10 Transmission Codes -- 3.11 Code and Speed Converters -- 3.12 Treatment of Errors -- 3.13 Front-End Processors -- 4. Terminal Technology -- 4.1 CRT Display Terminals -- 4.2 Printing Technologies -- 4.3 Graphic Terminals -- 4.4 Facsimile Technology -- 4.5 Integrated Workstations -- 5. Network Management -- 5.1 Network Control Design Considerations -- 5.2 Elementary Monitoring -- 5.3 Redundancy and Compatability -- 5.4 Network Testing -- 5.5 Centralized Troubleshooting -- 5.6 Network Control Center -- 5.7 Specialized Test Equipment -- 5.8 Network Security -- 6. Network Structures -- 6.1 Topology Tradeoffs -- 6.2 Local Area Networks -- 6.3 Distributed Communications -- 6.4 Message Switching Networks -- 6.5 Integrated Voice and Data -- 6.6 Shared Resources -- 6.7 Packet Switching Networks -- 6.8 Network Design Considerations -- 7. Satellite and Carrier Services -- 7.1 Satellite Overview -- 7.2 Selecting a Transmission Method -- 7.3 Facsimile Services -- Glossary of Terms.
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  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400955745
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Infant enzyme chemistry -- 2. The mechanistic basis of enzyme catalysis -- 3. Chemical models of coenzyme catalyses -- 4. Selectivity in synthesis — chemicals or enzymes -- 5. Enzymes as targets for drug design -- 6. Metal ions in biological systems -- 7. Enzyme-level studies of the biosynthesis of natural products -- 8. The impact of enzymology in biochemistry and beyond.
    Kurzfassung: In the molecular sciences, enzyme chemistry occupies a special niche as one of the major contact points between chemical and biological disciplines. The special properties of enzymes as selective and efficient catalysts are so central to current challenges to chemists that the development of enzyme chemistry in the past thirty years has been a major stimulus to chemical research in general. On the one hand studies of the intrinsic properties of enzymes and, on the other hand, their applications to synthesis, drug design, and biosynthesis have had an immense impact. This book brings together in one volume essays describing several such fields with emphasis on the applications. It would be unnecessarily repetitious to outline the approach and contents of the book in a Preface; the first short chapter is more eloquent than a formal Preface can be. I shall therefore encourage you to begin with the Introduction in Chapter 1 and here I wish to extend my warm thanks to those who have contributed to the production of this book: the authors for their acceptance of the overall concept of the book and for the thoughtfulness of their writing; Dr Charles Suckling, FRS and Professor Hamish Wood for their constructive criticism of the whole book; and Dr John Buckingham and his colleagues at Chapman and Hall for their efficiency and enthusiasm in transforming the typescripts into the book that you now hold. Colin J. Suckling University of Strathclyde Contributors Donald H.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Infant enzyme chemistry2. The mechanistic basis of enzyme catalysis -- 3. Chemical models of coenzyme catalyses -- 4. Selectivity in synthesis - chemicals or enzymes -- 5. Enzymes as targets for drug design -- 6. Metal ions in biological systems -- 7. Enzyme-level studies of the biosynthesis of natural products -- 8. The impact of enzymology in biochemistry and beyond.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789282106822
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport sur l'évolution des investissment ext prestations dans les transports dans les Etats de la CEMT en 1980 est divisé en quatre chapitres récapitulatifs et une Annexe statistique. Le Chapitre 1 décrit les grandes tendances du transport de voyageurs et de marchandises pour chacun des modes au cours des quinze dernières années. Le Chapitre 2 concerne les transports ferroviaires examinés sous l'angle non seulement du trafic, mais encore des réseaux et de l'exploitation. Le Chapitre 3 a trait aux transports routiers, à la taille des infrastructures, au parc de véhicules et à son exploitation. Enfin, les voies navigables intérieures, les ports et les transports par conduites sont décrits au Chapitre 4. La deuxième partie est une rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1981.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789282106846
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport presente l'évolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports dans les Etats membres de la CEMT (1) et est divisé en quatre chapitres récapitulatifs et une annexe statistique. Le chapitre 1 décrit, en les situant dans le contexte économique général, les grandes tendances enregistrées en 1981 pour l'ensemble des transports de voyageurs et de marchandises. Il vise notamment à comparer les évolutions respectives des différents modes de transports. Le chapitre 2 est consacré aux transports ferroviaires qui sont examinés sous l'angle non seulement du trafic mais également des réseaux, du matériel et de l'exploitation. Les transports routiers font l'objet du chapitre 3 qui analyse l'évolution des trafics, des parcs de véhicules, des infrastructures et des conditions d'exploitation. Les transports par voies navigables intérieures et par conduites ainsi que les transports maritimes sont étudiés au chapitre 4. La deuxième partie est un rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1982.
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  • 75
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401537209
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 420 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Nuclear engineering. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: When we first contemplated a book on this subject we were faced with a number of options: (a) to write it all ourselves, which would have had the merit of internal consistency and continuity of style; (b) to produce a collection of existing papers. which would have given us expert views in the various sub-fields of the economics of nuclear energy and would have put us in the position of knowing from the start exactly what the authors' contribu­ tions would be: (c) to commission contributions from individual specialists, chapter by chapter; or (d) some combination of these options. We settled for the last - we have written some of the material ourselves, have obtained permission to use some existing papers that seem to us to be valuable contributions to the subject, and have been fortunate in persuading a number of eminent people in their fields to produce papers especially for the book. This has given us a great deal of work and taken up more time than we planned for but we believe the result justifies this time and effort. It enabled us to design a structure for the book from the outset, recognizing that there are several aspects to the economics of nuclear energy - especially if we take a broad view of what is embraced by the word 'economics'.
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 123 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.10
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: L'objet de cette étude est de présenter une analyse de la dynamique des prix industriels en relation avec l'évolution des coûts de production et les fluctuation de l'activité économique, dans quelques pays de l'OCDE au cours des vingt dernières années. Les succès récents que certains pays ont connu dans la lutte contre l'inflation amènent à se poser une question fondamentale. Le processus de désinflation qu'ont connu certains pays au cours de la dernière période résulte-t-il simplement de la sévérité et de la longueur inhabituelle de la récession qu'on vient ...
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  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070844
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 415; Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 415: Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline for reproduction testing is designed to provide general information concerning the effects of a test substance (Solid, liquid, gas or vapour) on male and female reproductive performance. The test substance is administered orally in graduated doses to several groups of males and females. Males should be dosed during growth and for at least one complete spermatogenic cycle; females of the Parent generation should be dosed for at least two complete oestrous cycles. The animals are then mated. The test substance is administered to both sexes during the mating period and thereafter only to females during pregnancy and for the duration of the nursing period. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with the rat or mouse. Each test and control group should contain a sufficient number of animals to yield about 20 pregnant females at or near term. Three test groups, at least, should be used. It is recommended that the test substance be administered in the diet or drinking water. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. The results of this study include measurements (weighing, food consumption) and daily and detailed observations, each day preferably at the same time, as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. The findings of a reproduction toxicity study should be evaluated in terms of the observed effects, necropsy and microscopic findings. A properly conducted reproduction test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a no-effect level and an understanding of adverse effects on reproduction, parturition, lactation and postnatal growth.
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.3
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; France
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this paper is to examine the processes of wage formation in France sector by sector, to idenitfy the reasons for fluctuations in sectoral wage differentials and ascertain whether wage emulation exists. In France no information is available quarterly on sector wages with breakdowns by sex or according to a number of other characteristics, so it was not possible to make use of a number of studies done in other countries on the degree of wage dispersion, such as those of Bouteiller (1971), Pollen (1977), Tachibanaki (1974), and all the studies on the much researched relationship between wage level and membership of a trade union. Here it would be appropriate to ...
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  • 79
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.5
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Ce document examine un certain nombre des conséquences que les deux grandes augmentations des prix du pétrole - 1973-74 et 1979-80 - ont eues sur l'économie de l'ensemble de la zone de l'OCDE.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264070851
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 415; One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 415: One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Cette Ligne directrice pour l’essai sur la reproduction est conçue pour fournir des informations générales concernant les effets d’une substance d’essai (liquide, solide, gaz ou vapeur), sur la performance reproductrice des mâles et des femelles. La substance d’essai est administrée oralement par dose graduée à plusieurs groupes de mâles et de femelles. Les mâles doivent être dosés durant la croissance et au moins pendant un cycle spermatogène complet ; les femelles de la génération parentale doivent être dosées pendant au moins deux cycles oestraux. Les animaux sont alors accouplés. La substance d’essai est administrée aux deux sexes pendant la période d’accouplement et par la suite seulement aux femelles pendant la période de gestation et d’allaitement. Cette Ligne directrice utilise principalement le rat ou la souris. Chaque groupe d'essai et de contrôle devrait contenir un nombre suffisant d'animaux pour garantir environ 20 femelles gravides à terme (ou presque à terme). Trois groupes d’essai au moins doivent être employés. Il est recommandé que la substance d’essai soit administrée dans la nourriture ou dans la boisson. Un essai limite peut être effectué si aucun effet n’est attendu à une dose de 1000 mg/kg poids corporel/j. Les résultats de l’étude comportent des mesures ( poids, consommation de nourriture) et des observations quotidiennes détaillées, tous les jours de préférence au même moment, de même qu’une autopsie générale et de l’histopathologie. Les résultats d'une étude de toxicité de reproduction sont évalués en termes d'effets observés, autopsie et résultats microscopiques. Un essai correctement effectué de reproduction fournit une évaluation satisfaisante d'un niveau de sans effet et une compréhension des effets nuisibles sur la reproduction, la parturition, la lactation et la croissance postnatale.
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.4
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Participants in the Special Meeting on National Accounts held in February 1980 requested the Secretariat to prepare a report on service lives of capital assets. Estimating service lives is one of the more difficult problems in using the perpetual inventory method to calculate capital stocks. While an earlier OECD report, The Measurement of Capital (40), had touched on the problem, participants agreed that this was an area where a more detailed study of country practices would be useful. A consultant, M. Pierre Teillet, was asked to conduct a survey of country practices and to prepare an initial report, which was briefly discussed at the Special Meeting on National Accounts held in June 1981. The present study, which has been prepared by the Economic Statistics and National Accounts Division of the ESD, draws both on the earlier work by M. Teillet and on the substantial quantity of reports, working papers and other documentation on capital stock estimates supplied by statistical ...
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  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.6
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Cette étude porte sur la "ventilation" des variations de la croissance du revenu nominal entre la croissance réelle et l'inflation. Elle présente une analyse descriptive des données de la période d'après-guerre ainsi qu'une analyse par régression qui postule l'existence d'une ventilation dynamique stable. Cette analyse a été effectuée pour tous les pays Membres de l'OCDE. On admet en général que les pouvoirs publics ont la possibilité de maîtriser l'évolution du revenu nominal encore que l'étude présente également quelques données relatives aux rapports entre l'inflation et la croissance du revenu nominal et de la masse monétaire. On examine aussi le rôle des anticipations et de l'incertitude et leurs rapports avec l'action des pouvoirs publics ...
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264177277
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789282104484
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (214 p)
    Serie: Tables Rondes CEMT no.60
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Short-Sea Shipping in the Economy of Inland Transport in Europe; Report of the Sixtieth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 1-2 April 1982
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Cette Table ronde comprend des rapports sur la navigation maritime à courte distance de cinq pays : Grèce, Italie, Norvège, Suède et le Royaume-Uni.
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.2
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper sets out the various stages in the construction and estimation of a supply block for medium-term projection models. It describes the theoretical basis for the specification chosen and the estimation results. The basic block is a set of production factor demand functions. It is refined by modelling the scrapping behaviour of firms, introducing the effects stemming from movements in hours worked, and examining the role of profits. Other possible changes or improvements are outlined. The model is used to simulate the effects of movements in the relative prices of labour, capital and energy in recent years ...
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.8
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Devant le recul sensible de la demande de pétrole des pays de l'OPEP, que l'on observe depuis 1980, les prix internationaux en dollars du pétrole ont fléchi légèrement en 1981 et en 1982 pour chuter nettement au début de 1983. La présente note s'appuie sur des simulations réalisées à partir du modèle de l'économie mondiale, INTERLINK, du Secrétariat de l'OCDE, pour examiner les facteurs qui détermineront les principales conséquences macro-économiques de la baisse des prix du pétrole pour la zone de l'OCDE. Les pays importateurs nets de pétrole en retireront trois avantages non négligeables: la poursuite du recul de l'inflation, le redressement de la balance des opérations courantes et l'augmentation des revenus réels. L'incidence sur la production est moins sûre car elle dépend en partie de la confiance des entreprises et des changements induits dans l'orientation de la politique économique ...
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789282105207
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (189 p)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.60
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La navigation maritime à courte distance dans l'économie des transports intérieurs européens ; Rapport de la soixantième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Göteborg, Suède, les 1er et 2 avril 1982
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This Round Table includes reports on Short Sea Shipping from five countries: Greece, Italy, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789282104477
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (104 p)
    Serie: Tables Rondes CEMT no.59
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transport and Telecommunications; Report of the Fifty-Ninth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 14th-15th January, 1982
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Le transport et les télécommunications sont des technologies complémentaires, essentielles au fonctionnement du système économique et social, ce qui facilite la création et le développement de liens. Mais ils se font également concurrence en tant que moyens de communication. Le développement récent des télécommunications représente un défi pour le secteur des transports. Ce rapport vise à identifier la nature et l’ampleur de ce défi.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789282107331
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (751 p.)
    Serie: Symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports no.9
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transport is for People; Ninth International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics, Madrid, 2nd-4th November 1982. Introductory reports and summary of the discussion
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Ce livre comprend les rapports introductifs et une synthèse du Neuvième symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports, Madrid, 2-4 novembre 1982. Cette conférence était consacrée au transport au service de l'homme.
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: La question des réactions de la demande de pétrole et d'énergie aux variations du revenu et des prix reste au premier plan des débats consacrés à la politique économique. Comme l'on n'escompte qu'un ...
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  • 91
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 100 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.9
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the medium-term financial strategies operating in and available to OECD economies. Three issues are discussed: first, the rationale for the increasing adoption of medium-term budgetary and monetary objectives; second, the appropriate criteria for the determination of medium-term policy norms, and the institutional means through which these are implemented; and third, the problems of ensuring consistency between short-term policies and medium-term goals. Underlying these issues is the theme of monetary and fiscal policy co-ordination and the medium-term effectiveness of demand management. To the extent that central banks can contain the pressures stemming from the mix of restrictive monetary targets and expansionary budgets, monetary and fiscal policies might be assigned to different objectives - inflation control and short-term employment support respectively (although monetary restraint would not free expansionary fiscal action ...
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.7
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Exchange rates are relative prices of national currencies, and under a floating rate regime they may naturally be viewed as being determined by the interplay of supply and demand in foreign exchange markets. This proposition is uncontroversial, but it provides no more than a starting point for understanding exchange rate determination and its relationship to other macroeconomic variables and to policy. Supply and demand in currency markets are dependent on conditions in other markets, real and financial, which are affected in turn by exchange rates themselves. In fact any analysis which attempted to be general would describe exchange rates as being determined in a complex process of interaction simultaneously with all other variables in the international macro-economy. Such an approach would prove too cumbersome to be helpful empirically. Simplifying assumptions have therefore been used in most standard models to provide explanations which are in varying degrees partial. Each model ...
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789282104460
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (93 p)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.59
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transports et télécommunications ; Rapport de la cinquante-neuvième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 14 et 15 janvier 1982
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Transport and telecommunications are complementary technologies, essential to the functioning of the economic and social system, which facilitate the making and development of relationships. But as means of communication they also compete. The recent development of telecommunications constitutes a challenge to the transport sector. This report sets out to identify the nature and scope of that challenge.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789282107324
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (674 p.)
    Serie: International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics no.9
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le transport au service de l'homme ; Neuvième symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports, Madrid, 2-4 novembre 1982. Rapports introductifs et synthèse
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This book contains the introductory reports and discussion summary for the Ninth International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics, held in Madrid, 2nd-4th November 1982. The conference focused on transport for people.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180451
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Model Double Taxation Convention on Estates and Inheritances and on Gifts
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789282106648
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Evolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports en 1981. Rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1982. Volume II
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This report on trends in investment and expenditure in the transport sector in ECMT Member countries in 1981 consists of four summary chapters and a statistical annex. Chapter 1 sets out the main trends for passenger and freight traffic as a whole in 1981 against the general economic background, the aim being primarily to compare the respective trends for the different modes of transport. Chapter 2 deals with the railways, covering not only traffic but also details of networks, rolling stock and operations. Chapter 3 analyses road transport in terms of trends in traffic, vehicle populations, infrastructures and operating conditions. Inland waterways, pipeline and sea transport are the subject of Chapter 4. The second part of the book presents a statistical report on road accidents in 1982.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789400967298
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (264 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.2/35
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic books
    Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401178198
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (314 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic books
    Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401756181
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XV, 413 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959316
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. LearningClassical conditioning. Operant or instrumental conditioning. Habituation. Latent learning. Insight learning. Imprinting. Constraints on learning. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 2. Social Behaviour -- Social structures. Communication. The development of social behaviour. The social behaviour of some agricultural species. Conclusions. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 3. Feeding Behaviour -- Internal mechanisms controlling feeding behaviour. Appetitive behaviour. External factors controlling feeding behaviour. Consummatory behaviour. Specific hungers. Conclusions in relation to farm livestock. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 4. Drinking Behaviour -- Internal mechanisms. External stimuli. Consummatory behaviour. Some considerations in relation to farm livestock. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 5. Sexual Behaviour -- Internal mechanisms. External factors. Courtship and copu- lation. Genetic factors controlling mating behaviour. Early experience and the development of sexual behaviour. Social factors affecting sexual behaviour. Some conclusions in relation to farm animals. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 6. Parental Behaviour -- The domestic hen. The Barbary dove. The ewe. The female rat. Some problems arising in the mother-offspring behaviour in farm animals. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 7. Sleep and Grooming -- Sleep. Grooming. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 8. Exploratory Behaviour -- Description. Conclusions in relation to animal husbandry. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 9. Conflict and Thwarting -- Types of conflict behaviour. Conflict behaviour and animal care. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 10. Aggression and Fear -- Aggression. Fear. The relationship between aggression and fear. Conclusions in relation to farm livestock. Points for dis- cussion. Further reading. -- 11. Stress -- The physiology of stress. Social stress. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 12. Evolution -- Evolutionary sources of displays. Formation of displays. Behavioural adaptation. Comparisons of closely related species. Behaviour and speciation. Some considerations in relation to domesticated animals. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 13. Domestication -- Behavioural factors favouring domestication. The origins of domestication. The process of domestication. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 14. Animal Welfare -- The assessment of welfare. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- 15. Ethology and Pest Control -- Insect pests. Ethology and other pests. Conclusions. Points for discussion. Further reading. -- References -- Author Index.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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