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  • 1985-1989  (13)
  • 1980-1984  (19)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
  • NetLibrary, Inc
Datenlieferant
Materialart
Sprache
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
Verfasser
Verlag/Herausgeber
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A critical dictionary of sociology (1989)
    LOndon : Routledge
    Details
    ISBN: 0203199561
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: xiii, 438 p , ill , 25 cm
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. 2009 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Originaltitel: Dictionnaire critique de la sociologie 〈engl.〉
    Paralleltitel: Print version Critical Dictionary of Sociology
    DDC: 301/.03
    Schlagwort(e): Sociology Encyclopedias ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: Showing little respect for intellectual fads and fashions, the authors submit key sociological concepts, theories and figures to a biting critical examination. In doing so they reaffirm that a non-marxist critique is still possible
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographies and index , Electronic reproduction, Boulder, Colo : NetLibrary, 2003 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    GBV
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 401: Acute Oral Toxicity (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040113
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 401; Toxicité orale aigue͏̈
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 401: Toxicité orale aigue͏̈
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Following the OECD Council decision, the test 401 ‘Acute Oral Toxicity’ was deleted on 17th December 2002.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040113-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    In search of Southeast Asia : a modern history (1987)
    Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0585266018 , 9780585266015
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: xi, 590 pages , Karten , 24 cm
    Ausgabe: Rev. ed
    Ausgabe: Boulder, Colo NetLibrary 2000 Online-Ressource E-Books von NetLibrary
    Serie: EBSCOhost eBook Collection
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als In search of Southeast Asia
    Schlagwort(e): HISTORY ; Southeast Asia ; Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East ; History & Archaeology ; History ; Geschichte ; Asia, Southeastern History. ; Asie du Sud-Est Histoire. ; Southeast Asia History ; Asie du Sud-Est Histoire ; Southeast Asia ; Southeast Asia History ; Asia, Southeastern History. ; Asie du Sud-Est Histoire. ; Asie du Sud-Est Histoire ; Southeast Asia ; Southeast Asia History ; Southeast Asia ; Südostasien ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books History ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Südostasien ; Geschichte ; Südostasien ; Geschichte
    Kurzfassung: The eighteenth-century world -- New challenges to old authority -- Frameworks for nations -- Social change and the emergence of nationalism -- Southeast Asian nations in a new world order
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 495-564) and index , Electronic reproduction, Boulder, Colo : NetLibrary, 2000 , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 402: Acute Dermal Toxicity (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070585
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 402; Toxicité cutanée aigue͏̈
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 402: Toxicité cutanée aigue͏̈
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from short-term exposure to a test chemical by dermal route. Test chemicals should not be administered at doses that are known to cause marked pain and distress due to potential corrosive or severely irritant actions. Groups of animals, of a single sex, are exposed via the dermal route to the test chemical in a stepwise procedure using the appropriate fixed doses. The initial dose level is selected at the concentration expected to produce clear signs of toxicity without causing severe toxic effects or mortality. Further groups of animals may be tested at higher or lower fixed doses, depending on the presence or absence of signs of toxicity or mortality. This procedure continues until the dose causing toxicity or no more than one death is identified, or when no effects are seen at the highest dose or when deaths occur at the lowest dose. Subsequently, observations of effects and deaths are made. Animals which die during the test are necropsied, and at the conclusion of the test the surviving animals are sacrificed and necropsied. The method provides information on the hazardous properties and allows the substance to be classified for acute toxicity according to the Globally Harmonised System of classification and labelling of chemicals.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070585-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Buch
    Buch
    Die Gesellschaftliche Herausforderung der Informationstechnik (1986)
    München : R. Oldenbourg
    Details
    ISBN: 3486536516
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: ix, 238 p , ill , 23 cm
    Serie: Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe des Battelle-Instituts e.V Bd. 10
    DDC: 303.48/3
    Schlagwort(e): Computers and civilization ; Konferenzschrift
    Anmerkung: Papers presented at the Internationale Konferenz "1984 und Danach" organized by the Bundesregierung and the Senat von Berlin in conjunction with the Organisation für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung and held Nov. 28-30, 1984 in Berlin , Bibliography: p. 231-232
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    Buch
    GBV
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 482: Genetic Toxicology: DNA Damage and Repair, Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells in vitro (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071445
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 482; Toxicologie génétique; Lésion et réparation d'ADN - Synthèse non programmée de l'ADN (UDS) sur cellules de mammifère - in vitro
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 482: Toxicologie génétique: Lésion et réparation d'ADN - Synthèse non programmée de l'ADN (UDS) sur cellules de mammifère - in vitro
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 482 ‘Genetic Toxicology: DNA Damage and Repair, Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells in vitro’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071445-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 481: Genetic Toxicology: Saacharomyces cerevisiae, Miotic Recombination Assay (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071421
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 481; Toxicologie génétique; Saccharomyces cerevisiad, essai de recombinaison mitotique
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 481: Toxicologie génétique: Saccharomyces cerevisiad, essai de recombinaison mitotique
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 481 ‘Genetic Toxicology: Saacharomyces cerevisiae, Miotic Recombination Assay’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071421-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 484: Genetic Toxicology: Mouse Spot Test (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071483
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 484; Toxicologie génétique; Spot test chez la souris
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 484: Toxicologie génétique: Spot test chez la souris
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 484 ‘Genetic Toxicology: Mouse Spot Test’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071483-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 479: Genetic Toxicology: In vitro Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay in Mammalian Cells (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071384
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (5 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 479; Toxicologie génétique; Essai in vitro d'échange de chromatides-sœurs sur cellules de mammifère
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 479: Toxicologie génétique: Essai in vitro d'échange de chromatides-sœurs sur cellules de mammifère
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 479 ‘Genetic Toxicology: In vitro Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay in Mammalian Cells’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071384-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 485: Genetic toxicology, Mouse Heritable Translocation Assay (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071506
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 485; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de translocation héréditaire chez la souris
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 485: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de translocation héréditaire chez la souris
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The mouse heritable translocation test detects structural and numerical chromosome changes in mammalian germ cells as recovered in first generation progeny. The types of chromosome changes detected in this test system are reciprocal translocations. Carriers of translocations and XO-females show reduced fertility which is used to select first generation progeny for cytogenetic analysis. Translocations are cytogenetically observed in meiotic cells at diakinesis metaphase I of male individuals. The test is usually performed by analysis of male first generation progeny. About 500 first generation males per dose level are required. One dose level is tested, usually the highest dose associated with the production of minimal toxic effects, and administered by oral intubation or intraperitoneal injection. A single administration of the test substance or the administration of the test substance on 7 days/week for 35 days, are possible. The test substance can be solid, liquid, vapour or gaseous. For translocation heterozygosity one of two possible methods is used: fertility testing of first generation progeny; or cytogenetic analysis of all male first generation progeny are possible. A test substance producing neither a statistically significant increase in the number of translocations observed for at least one test point, nor a statistically significant, dose-related, increase in the number of translocations observed, is considered non-mutagenic in this system.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071506-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 480: Genetic Toxicology: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gene Mutation Assay (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071407
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (5 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 480; Toxicologie génétique; Saccharomyces cerevisiae, essai de mutation génique
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 480: Toxicologie génétique: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, essai de mutation génique
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 480 ‘Genetic Toxicology: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gene Mutation Assay’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071407-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Stepchildren of progress : the political economy of development in an Indonesian mining town (1986)
    Albany, N.Y : State University of New York Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0585058962 , 9780585058962
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: xvi, 315 p , ill , 24 cm
    Ausgabe: Boulder, Colo NetLibrary 1999 Online-Ressource E-Books von NetLibrary
    Serie: SUNY series in the anthropology of work
    Serie: EBSCOhost eBook Collection
    Paralleltitel: Print version Stepchildren of progress
    Schlagwort(e): Nickel industry ; Economic anthropology ; Nickel industry Indonesia ; Saroako ; Economic anthropology Indonesia ; Saroako ; Economic anthropology ; Nickel industry ; Economic anthropology ; Nickel industry ; Nickel industry ; Economic anthropology ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Sociology ; Urban ; Economic anthropology ; Social conditions ; Economic history ; Nickel industry ; Saroako (Indonesia) Economic conditions. ; Saroako (Indonesia) Social conditions. ; Saroako (Indonesia) Economic conditions ; Saroako (Indonesia) Social conditions ; Indonesia ; Saroako ; Saroako (Indonesia) Social conditions ; Saroako (Indonesia) Economic conditions ; Saroako (Indonesia) Economic conditions ; Saroako (Indonesia) Social conditions ; Saroako (Indonesia) Economic conditions. ; Saroako (Indonesia) Social conditions. ; Indonesia ; Saroako ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books
    Anmerkung: Includes index , Includes bibliographical references (p. 295-307) , Electronic reproduction, Boulder, Colo : NetLibrary, 1999
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Declaration on Transborder Data Flows (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Déclaration de l'OCDE sur les flux transfrontières de données
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Rapid technological developments in the field of information, computers and communications are leading to significant structural changes in the economies of Member countries. Flows of computerised data and information are an important consequence of technological advances and are playing an increasing role in national economies. With the growing economic interdependence of Member countries, these flows acquire an international dimension, known as Transborder Data Flows. It is therefore appropriate for the OECD to pay attention to policy issues connected with these transborder data flows. This Declaration was adopted by the Governments of OECD Member countries on 11th April 1985.
    DOI: 10.1787/230240624407
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 204: Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069985
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 204; Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 204: Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 204 ‘Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069985-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 478: Genetic Toxicology: Rodent Dominant Lethal Test (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071360
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 478; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 478: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Dominant lethal (DL) effects cause embryonic or foetal death. Induction of a dominant lethal event after exposure to a test substance (liquid, solid, vapour or gas, …) indicates that the substance has affected germinal tissue of the test species. Dominant lethals are generally accepted to be the result of chromosomal aberrations (structural and numerical anomalies), but gene mutations and toxic effects cannot be excluded. This Test Guideline recommends rats or mice as the test species. Generally, male animals are exposed to the test substance and mated to untreated virgin females. The most widely used is the single administration of the test substance by oral or by intraperitoneal injection. Normally, three dose levels should be used. The various germ cell stages can be tested separately by the use of sequential mating intervals. The females are sacrificed after an appropriate period of time, and the contents of the uteri are examined to determine the numbers of implants and live and dead embryos. The calculation of the dominant lethal effect is based on comparison of the live implants per female in the treated group to the live implants per female in the control group.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071360-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 477: Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071346
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 477; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 477: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 477 ‘Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071346-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 205: Avian Dietary Toxicity Test (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070004
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 205; Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 205: Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this Test Guideline is to determine the effects of a substance administered with food to birds. Birds are fed a diet containing the test substance at a range of concentrations for a period of five days. Two control groups and one treatment group for each of the, at least, five dietary levels of the test substance should be used. Each group consists of 10 birds. The minimum duration of the test is eight days: five days on the test diet followed by a minimum of three days on normal diet. Suitable facilities for holding birds indoors are necessary. These include mechanisms for temperature, humidity and light control as required, as well as pens of suitable capacity for rearing the birds. Mortalities and signs of toxicity are recorded daily. The following observations should be made during the test: signs of intoxication and other abnormal behaviour; mortality; body weights; food consumption.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070004-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 206: Avian Reproduction Test (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070028
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 206; Oiseaux, essai de reproduction
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 206: Oiseaux, essai de reproduction
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this Test Guideline is to determine the effects on the reproduction of a substance administered with food to birds.Birds are fed a diet containing the test substance in various concentrations for a period of not less than 20 weeks. A minimum of three dietary concentrations of the test substance is required. The maximum recommended test concentration is 1000 ppm. Birds may be kept in pens as pairs (at least 12 pens per test group) or as groups of one male and two or three females (at least 8-12 pens per group). Birds are induced, by photoperiod manipulation, to lay eggs. Eggs are collected over a ten-week period, artificially incubated and hatched, and the young maintained for 14 days. Suitable facilities for rearing birds, preferably indoors, are necessary. Mortality of adults, egg production, cracked eggs, egg shell thickness (at least two eggs from each pen), viability, hatchability and effects on young birds are observed during the study.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070028-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 207: Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070042
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 207; Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 207: Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline includes two methods: a paper contact toxicity test and an artificial soil test. The recommended specie is Eisenia foetida (Michaelsen). The initial screening test (filter paper contact test) involves exposing earthworms to test substances on moist filter paper in order to identify potentially toxic chemicals to earthworms in soil. Five or more treatment levels in a geometric series and, at least, ten replicates (one worm per vial) for each treatment should be used. Tests are done in the dark and for a period of 48 hours. The artificial soil test gives toxicity data more representative of natural exposure of earthworms to chemicals. It involves keeping earthworms in samples of a precisely defined artificial soil. Five concentrations, in a geometric series, of the test substance have been applied. One concentration resulting in no mortality and one resulting in total mortality should be used. Four replicates for each treatment are recommended. Mortality is assessed 7 and 14 days after application.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070042-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The culture of technology (1983)
    Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0585342601
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: viii, 210 p , ill , 24 cm
    Ausgabe: 1st MIT Press ed
    DDC: 306.46
    Schlagwort(e): Technology Culture ; Technology Social aspects ; Technology Sociology ; Electronic books
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. [200]-201) and index , Electronic reproduction, Boulder, Colo : NetLibrary, 2001
    URL: Volltext
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  • 21
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    Test No. 415: One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070844
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 415; Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 415: Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline for reproduction testing is designed to provide general information concerning the effects of a test substance (Solid, liquid, gas or vapour) on male and female reproductive performance. The test substance is administered orally in graduated doses to several groups of males and females. Males should be dosed during growth and for at least one complete spermatogenic cycle; females of the Parent generation should be dosed for at least two complete oestrous cycles. The animals are then mated. The test substance is administered to both sexes during the mating period and thereafter only to females during pregnancy and for the duration of the nursing period. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with the rat or mouse. Each test and control group should contain a sufficient number of animals to yield about 20 pregnant females at or near term. Three test groups, at least, should be used. It is recommended that the test substance be administered in the diet or drinking water. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. The results of this study include measurements (weighing, food consumption) and daily and detailed observations, each day preferably at the same time, as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. The findings of a reproduction toxicity study should be evaluated in terms of the observed effects, necropsy and microscopic findings. A properly conducted reproduction test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a no-effect level and an understanding of adverse effects on reproduction, parturition, lactation and postnatal growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070844-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 22
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    Test No. 302A: Inherent Biodegradability: Modified SCAS Test (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070363
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 302A; Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque; Méthode SCAS modifiée
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 302A: Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque: Méthode SCAS modifiée
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes a method which is an adaptation of the Soap and Detergent Association semi-continuous activated sludge (SCAS) procedure for assessing the primary biodegradation of alkyl benzene sulphonate. The test does not simulate those conditions experienced in a sewage treatment plant. Activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant is placed in an aeration (SCAS) unit. The test compound (non-volatile, water soluble, organic, non-inhibitoring to bacteria at the test concentration) and settled domestic sewage are added, and the mixture is aerated for 23 hours. The aeration is then stopped, the sludge allowed to settle and the supernatant liquor is removed. The sludge remaining in the aeration chamber is then mixed with a further aliquot of test compound and sewage and the cycle is repeated. The above fill and draw procedure is repeated daily throughout the test. A high concentration of aerobic micro-organisms is used. The length of the test for compounds showing little or no biodegradation is indeterminate, but experience suggests that this should be at least 12 weeks. Biodegradation is established by determination of the dissolved organic carbon content of the supernatant liquor. This value is compared with that found for the liquor obtained from a control tube dosed with settled sewage only.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070363-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 23
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    Test No. 114: Viscosity of Liquids (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069763
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 114; Viscosité des liquides
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 114: Viscosité des liquides
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes methods to measure the viscosity of liquids. The methods listed are appropriate in principle for the investigation of Newtonian liquids. The measurement of non-Newtonian liquids is only possible with the rotational viscometer. Viscosity measurements are carried out predominantly according to five methods: the capillary viscometer, the flow cup, the rotational viscometer, the rolling ball viscometer and the drawing ball viscometer. Each determination of viscosity should preferably be made at a temperature of 20°C and at one other temperature approximately 20°C higher. At least two determinations should be made at each temperature. The evaluation of the viscosity measurement is to be carried out according to the standards in the case of capillary and forced ball viscometers. In the case of rotational viscometers, the specification of a viscosity is appropriate only for Newtonian fluids. For non- Newtonian fluids the results obtained are preferred in the form of flow curves which must be interpreted, assuming the validity of various laws of flow.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069763-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 24
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    Test No. 304A: Inherent Biodegradability in Soil (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070448
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 304A; Biodégradabilité intrinsèque dans le sol
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 304A: Biodégradabilité intrinsèque dans le sol
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The method described in this Test Guideline is designed for the evaluation of the mineralisation rate of a 14C-labelled compound in soil. The method is applicable to volatile or non-volatile, soluble or insoluble compounds which are not inhibitory to micro-organisms. The basic test consists on the treatment of a small sample of soil (50g) with the 14C-labelled test chemical (100µl) in a biometer flask apparatus. The soil and the radioactive test solution are mixed. In addition, an equivalent volume of test solution is placed in a 100 ml volumetric flask for direct determination of the added radioactivity. The biometer flask is closed with a stopper through which an Ascarite filter is inserted. The unit is charged by injecting 10 ml of alkali solution into the side tube. Experiment duration times of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and - if necessary - 64 days should be chosen for measurement. The test requires parallel determinations. The method can included optional experiments: for chemicals of a vapour pressure higher than 0.0133 Pa and for relatively persistent chemicals. Release of 14CO2 from the test chemical is measured by means of alkali absorption and liquid scintillation counting. The 14CO2 radioactivity recovered is plotted versus time. Incubation time is sufficient when a total of 50 per cent CO2 expressed as 14C originally applied can be measured. Incubation should be stopped after reaching 64 days, whether or not this value is obtained.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070448-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 25
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    Test No. 410: Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-day Study (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070745
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 410; Toxicité cutanée à doses répétées; 21/28 jours
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 410: Toxicité cutanée à doses répétées: 21/28 jours
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazard of solid or liquid test substance. This method is composed of two tests: the main test and the limit test. This Test Guideline is intended for use with the adult rat, rabbit or guinea pig. At least 10 animals (5 female and 5 male) with healthy skin should be used at each dose level (at least three). The highest dose level should result in toxic effects but not produce an incidence of fatalities. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of at least 1000 mg/kg body weight. The method is based on the repeated application of the substance of interest during one limited period (several hours daily during 21/28 days). The test substance should be applied over not less than 10 per cent of the body surface area. The results of this study include: measurements and daily and detailed observations (haematology, clinical biochemistry and urinalysis), as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. A properly conducted 21-day or 28-day study should provide information on the effects of repeated inhalation exposure and can indicate the need for further longer term studies and provide information on the dose levels of the latter.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070745-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 26
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    Test No. 411: Subchronic Dermal Toxicity: 90-day Study (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070769
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 411; Toxicité cutanée subchronique; 90 jours
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 411: Toxicité cutanée subchronique: 90 jours
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazards of solid or liquid test substance. It may be carried out after initial information obtained by acute testing. This method is composed of the main test and the limit test. This Test Guideline is intended for use with the adult rat, rabbit or guinea pig. At least 20 animals (10 female and 10 male) with healthy skin should be used at each dose level (at least three). The highest dose level should result in toxic effects but not produce an incidence of fatalities. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of at least 1000 mg/kg body weight. The method is based on the repeated application of the substance of interest during one limited period (several hours daily during 90 days). The test substance should be applied over not less than 10 per cent of the body surface area. The results of this study include: measurements and daily and detailed observations (ophthalmological examination, haematology, clinical biochemistry and urinalysis), as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. A properly conducted subchronic test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a non effect level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070769-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 27
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    Test No. 116: Fat Solubility of Solid and Liquid Substances (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069800
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 116; Liposolubilité des substances solides et liquides
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 116: Liposolubilité des substances solides et liquides
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes a method to determine the fat solubility of solid and liquid substances. The fat solubility of a substance is one of the data for evaluating the storage of lipid soluble materials in biological tissue. This test method can only be applied to pure substances, non-reactive with triglyceride, which are stable at 50°C for at least 24 hours and which also are not appreciably volatile under the same conditions. The substance is dissolved in a liquid "standard fat" by stirring, and the saturation mass fraction of the substance is achieved by continued addition until a constant value for the mass fraction dependent variable is achieved as determined by a suitable analytical method.The methods use eight samples; each should be twice the quantity necessary for saturation as determined in the preliminary test. After adding a weighed amount of approximately 25 g of liquified and mixed standard fat, four flasks are stirred at 30°C (group I) and the other four at approximately 50°C (group II), each for at least one hour. All the flasks are stirred at 37°C, for liquids during 3 hours for two flasks of each group and for at least 24 hours for the last two flasks. At the end a sample is taken, weighed and the mass fraction is determined with different methods (photometric methods, gas chromatography, and extraction).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069800-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 28
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    Test No. 112: Dissociation Constants in Water (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069725
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 112; Constante de dissociation dans l'eau
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 112: Constante de dissociation dans l'eau
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes the methods allowing the determination of the dissociation constants in water. The dissociation is the reversible splitting into two or more chemical species which may be ionic. The determination of the dissociation constant requires a measure of the concentrations of the dissociated and undissociated forms of the chemical substance. From a knowledge of the stoichiometry of the dissociation reaction the appropriate constant can be determined. In the particular case described in this Guideline the substance is behaving as an acid or a base, and the determination is most conveniently done by determining the relative concentrations of ionised and unionised forms of the substance and the pH of the solution. The relationship between these terms is given in the equation for pKa. Some compounds exhibit more than one dissociation constant. Some of the methods described are also suitable for non-acid/base dissociation. There are two basic approaches to the determination of pKa. One involves titrating a known amount of substance with standard acid or base, as appropriate; the other involves determining the relative concentrations of the ionised and unionised forms and their pH dependence. Methods based on those principles may be classified as titration, spectrophotometric and conductometric procedures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069725-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 29
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    Test No. 101: UV-VIS Absorption Spectra (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069503
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 101; Spectres d'Absorption UV-VIS
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 101: Spectres d'Absorption UV-VIS
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes the determining of the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectrum of a chemical compound to have some indication of the wavelengths at which the compounds may be susceptible to photochemical degradation. Degradation will depend upon the total energy absorbed in specific wavelength regions. The absence of measurable absorption does not preclude the possibility of photodegradation. This method utilises a double-beam spectrophotometer which records only the absorption differences between the blank (the solvent and all present chemical species other than the test chemical) and test solutions to give the spectrum of the chemical being tested. The test should be carried out at 25°C. The test solutions should be made up in a concentration which will result in at least one absorbance maximum in the range 0.5 to 1.5 units.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069503-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 30
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    Test No. 113: Screening Test for Thermal Stability and Stability in Air (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069749
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 113; Essai de sélection pour la stabilité thermique et la stabilité dans l'air
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 113: Essai de sélection pour la stabilité thermique et la stabilité dans l'air
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes methods for determining storage stability of a substance with respect to heat and air. Two methods are applicable to homogeneous solid and liquid substances and to mixtures of these: the accelerated storage test and the thermal analysis methods.In the accelerated storage test (CIPAC), a long duration storage instability can be simulated by applying a higher temperature during a short test. This test calls for the controlled storage at 54°C to 55°C for 14 days and subsequent analysis. In simple cases, it will be enough to determine a characteristic property before and after storage. The substance is considered to be stable at room temperature if the melting point has remained constant or the content of original substance as determined by analysis has decreased by not more than 5 per cent. In the thermal analysis methods (TGA and DTA), the sample and the standard reference material are heated up to the final temperature at a constant rate in a defined test atmosphere, either separately in a TGA or DTA apparatus, or in a combined system. The weight change of the sample or the quantities of heat absorbed or given off are measured and recorded. The substance is considered to be stable at room temperature if no decomposition or chemical transformation is found below 150°.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069749-en
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  • 31
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    Test No. 110: Particle Size Distribution/ Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069688
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 110; Distribution de la Taille des Particules/ Distributions de la Longueur et du Diamètre des Fibres
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 110: Distribution de la Taille des Particules/ Distributions de la Longueur et du Diamètre des Fibres
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes two methods. These tests are applicable only to water insoluble (solubility 〈 10-6 g/1) substances. The first method described (Method A) is designed to provide information on the transportation and sedimentation of insoluble particles in water and air. There are several standard methods available which meet the sensitivity requirements: the sedimentation, the centrifugation or the coulter counter. The sample should be subjected to a simple light microscopic examination to determine the approximate nature of the particles. Data are obtained for a 3 size ranges ›200µm, ‹2 µm and the region 2to 200µm. Method A, which determines the effective hydrodynamic radius, Rs (only in the range 2 μm 〈 Rs 〈 100 μm), can be used for both fibrous and non-fibrous particulates. The Method B is used in the special case of materials which can form fibres, it is comparatively specialised, infrequently required and involves microscopic examination. Scanning (SEM) or transmission (TEM) electron microscopy are required. There is no standard procedure at present. The full length (l) and diameter (d) data are needed on fibre of dimensions d≥ 0.1µm and l≥ 5µm. Two histograms should be prepared based on examination of at least 50 fibres each.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069688-en
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  • 32
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    Test No. 108: Complex Formation Ability in Water (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069640
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 108; Capacité à former des complexes dans l'eau
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 108: Capacité à former des complexes dans l'eau
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes the polarographic method. The ability of a substance to form complexes with metals can be assessed by means of polarographic techniques which allow the determination of stability constants for some complexes. The polarographic method can be applied to substances with a water solubility greater than 10-5 M. This method is based on the fact that the reduction potentials of metal ions are shifted, usually to more negative values, as a result of complex formation. A minimum of four known concentrations of the chemical being tested should be investigated with a known concentration of metal ions. The chemical being tested should normally be present in at least a 25-fold excess over the metal ion concentrations. The current should be measured at applied potentials in the range - 0.2 V to -1.0 V. In order to detect complexes which form slowly, it is necessary to allow the solutions to stand under a nitrogen atmosphere for a minimum period of 24 hours. If the results are not significant, it is necessary to use methods based on different physicochemical principles, such as spectrophotometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069640-en
    URL: Volltext
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