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  • English  (53)
  • 1980-1984  (53)
  • Wiesbaden : Springer VS
  • Paris : OECD Publishing
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 205: Avian Dietary Toxicity Test (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 205; Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 205: Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this Test Guideline is to determine the effects of a substance administered with food to birds. Birds are fed a diet containing the test substance at a range of concentrations for a period of five days. Two control groups and one treatment group for each of the, at least, five dietary levels of the test substance should be used. Each group consists of 10 birds. The minimum duration of the test is eight days: five days on the test diet followed by a minimum of three days on normal diet. Suitable facilities for holding birds indoors are necessary. These include mechanisms for temperature, humidity and light control as required, as well as pens of suitable capacity for rearing the birds. Mortalities and signs of toxicity are recorded daily. The following observations should be made during the test: signs of intoxication and other abnormal behaviour; mortality; body weights; food consumption.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070004-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monetary Policy in the OECD INTERLINK Model (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.16
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The international financial linkage block of the OECD Secretariat's multi-country model, INTERLINK, is based on a portfolio balance model of exchange rate determination. International consistency is ensured by cross country restrictions on parameters imposed during estimation (1). However, in an earlier version of the model, the specification of the domestic financial sector for each country was too rudimentary for simulation analysis under alternative monetary policy assumptions. The main element missing from this version of the model was an explicit formulation of the money demand and supply process (2). This gap has been filled in the version of the model reported in this study, which opens the way for a more comprehensive set of alternative policy regimes under which the model can be run, notably: non-accommodating monetary policy; managed floating; fixed exchange rates; and floating with accommodating monetary policy. These will be elaborated upon in more detail below. In a ...
    DOI: 10.1787/735345408701
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public Transport in Rural Areas : Scheduled and Non-Scheduled Services: Report of the Sixty-Fifth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 15-16 February 1984 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105252
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (269 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.65
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le transport public dans les aires rurales ; Transport de ligne et de ramassage ; rapport de la soixante-cinquième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 16 et 17 février 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table on Public Transport in Rural Areas includes reports from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105252-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Cost of Combined Transport : Report of the Sixty-Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 12-13 January 1984 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.64
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le coût du transport combiné ; Rapport de la soixante-quatrième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 12 et 13 janvier 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examined the various combined transport systems, assessed their costs, technical developements, and benefits, aznd drew a series of conclusions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105245-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Costs and Benefits of Road Safety Measures : Report of the Sixty-Third Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 17-18 November 1983 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105238
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.63
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coûts et avantages des mesures de sécurité routière ; Rapport de la soixante-troisième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 17 et 18 novembre 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the costs and benefits of road safety measures, examining methodologies, prospects and country experiences before drawing a series of conclusions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105238-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 477: Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071346
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 477; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 477: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 477 ‘Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071346-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 207: Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070042
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 207; Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 207: Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline includes two methods: a paper contact toxicity test and an artificial soil test. The recommended specie is Eisenia foetida (Michaelsen). The initial screening test (filter paper contact test) involves exposing earthworms to test substances on moist filter paper in order to identify potentially toxic chemicals to earthworms in soil. Five or more treatment levels in a geometric series and, at least, ten replicates (one worm per vial) for each treatment should be used. Tests are done in the dark and for a period of 48 hours. The artificial soil test gives toxicity data more representative of natural exposure of earthworms to chemicals. It involves keeping earthworms in samples of a precisely defined artificial soil. Five concentrations, in a geometric series, of the test substance have been applied. One concentration resulting in no mortality and one resulting in total mortality should be used. Four replicates for each treatment are recommended. Mortality is assessed 7 and 14 days after application.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070042-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Demand for Money and Velocity in Major OECD Countries (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.13
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In recent years the behaviour of the income velocity of money in major OECD economies has displayed considerable volatility for both narrow and broad monetary aggregates (Table 1). Velocity in a number of large OECD economies, for example, fell sharply in 1982. Most notably, declines in the income velocity of M1, M2 and M3 in the United States of 2.3, 4.9 and 5.9 per cent, respectively, were large by historical standards. Such movements in velocity may arise as a consequence of changes in money demand in two important ways: they may result from movements along the money demand function, as the normal implication of changes in its interest rate and inflation expectations arguments; and the money demand function itself may shift (money demand instability), leading to unpredictable changes in velocity. Velocity may also move as the mechanical result of policies by the authorities which alter the supply of money in the short run, while the private sector is able to adjust only with ...
    DOI: 10.1787/808007523862
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transfer Pricing and Multinational Enterprises : Three Taxation Issues (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264167803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prix de transfert et entreprises multinationales ; Trois études fiscales
    RVK:
    QP 836
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Digitised document - Electronic release on 24/11/2011
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264167803-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Possibilities and Limits of Regulation in Transport Policy : Report of the Sixty-Second Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 29-30 September 1983 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105214
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (117 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.62
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Possibilités et limites d'une polique de réglementation dans les transports ; Rapport de la soixante-deuxième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 29 et 30 septembre 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the history, possibilities and limits of regulation in transport policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105214-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 206: Avian Reproduction Test (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070028
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 206; Oiseaux, essai de reproduction
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 206: Oiseaux, essai de reproduction
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this Test Guideline is to determine the effects on the reproduction of a substance administered with food to birds.Birds are fed a diet containing the test substance in various concentrations for a period of not less than 20 weeks. A minimum of three dietary concentrations of the test substance is required. The maximum recommended test concentration is 1000 ppm. Birds may be kept in pens as pairs (at least 12 pens per test group) or as groups of one male and two or three females (at least 8-12 pens per group). Birds are induced, by photoperiod manipulation, to lay eggs. Eggs are collected over a ten-week period, artificially incubated and hatched, and the young maintained for 14 days. Suitable facilities for rearing birds, preferably indoors, are necessary. Mortality of adults, egg production, cracked eggs, egg shell thickness (at least two eggs from each pen), viability, hatchability and effects on young birds are observed during the study.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070028-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aims and Effects of Public Financial Support for Passenger Transport : Report of the Sixty-Seventh Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 10-11 May 1984 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104569
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (77 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.67
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Objectifs et effets de l'intervention financière des pouvoirs publics dans les transports de personnes ; Rapport de la soixante-septième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 10 et 11 mai 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the aims and effects of public subsidies for passenger transport.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104569-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Goods Distribution Systems in Urban Areas : Report of the Sixty-First Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 15-16 December 1983 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105221
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.61
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes de distribution des marchandises dans les aires urbaines ; Rapport de la soixante-et-unième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 15 et 16 décembre 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the dimensions of urban goods transport, the policy making context, and possible courses of action to deal with issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105221-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 478: Genetic Toxicology: Rodent Dominant Lethal Test (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 478; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 478: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Dominant lethal (DL) effects cause embryonic or foetal death. Induction of a dominant lethal event after exposure to a test substance (liquid, solid, vapour or gas, …) indicates that the substance has affected germinal tissue of the test species. Dominant lethals are generally accepted to be the result of chromosomal aberrations (structural and numerical anomalies), but gene mutations and toxic effects cannot be excluded. This Test Guideline recommends rats or mice as the test species. Generally, male animals are exposed to the test substance and mated to untreated virgin females. The most widely used is the single administration of the test substance by oral or by intraperitoneal injection. Normally, three dose levels should be used. The various germ cell stages can be tested separately by the use of sequential mating intervals. The females are sacrificed after an appropriate period of time, and the contents of the uteri are examined to determine the numbers of implants and live and dead embryos. The calculation of the dominant lethal effect is based on comparison of the live implants per female in the treated group to the live implants per female in the control group.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071360-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural Budget Deficits and Fiscal Stance (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.15
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Conventionally, fiscal policy analysis makes a distinction between "discretionary" budget changes and "built-in stability". This distinction is the first step to defining a structural budget balance operationally. Budget deficits vary automatically with the business cycle. Revenues automatically rise as the economy expands; unemployment transfers are reduced, leaving a deficit or surplus at the cyclical peak which may be termed a "structural" budget balance. The "built-in stabilizer" component of the deficit should be self-cancelling as the cyclical output gap is closed so that it is temporary and non-structural. A structural budget deficit is then that excess of public spending over revenues which would persist if the economy were to grow steadily at its highest sustainable employment rate, i.e. at the same rate as potential output.
    DOI: 10.1787/050184860264
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  • 16
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    Real Gross Product in OECD Countries and Associated Purchasing Power Parities (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.17
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This report contains a new set of results on the levels of real per capita GDP and its main components in OECD countries in 1980, with estimates for later years upto 1984. Real per capita GDP is obtained by valuing the goods and services in different countries at a fixed set of prices, namely, the average prices prevailing at the time within the group of countries covered. This procedure is essentially the same as that used to measure volume changes over time within a single country when the fixed prices of some base year are used to compile expenditure or output series at constant prices. The international measures of real per capita GDP for different countries can therefore be interpreted in the same way as the volume indices which are used to measure real rates of growth within a single country. These international volume measures may be contrasted with measures of per capita GDP which are frequently obtained by converting data for different countries into a single currency ...
    DOI: 10.1787/222684453676
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  • 17
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    Test No. 204: Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 204; Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 204: Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 204 ‘Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069985-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Service Lives of Fixed Assets (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.4
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Participants in the Special Meeting on National Accounts held in February 1980 requested the Secretariat to prepare a report on service lives of capital assets. Estimating service lives is one of the more difficult problems in using the perpetual inventory method to calculate capital stocks. While an earlier OECD report, The Measurement of Capital (40), had touched on the problem, participants agreed that this was an area where a more detailed study of country practices would be useful. A consultant, M. Pierre Teillet, was asked to conduct a survey of country practices and to prepare an initial report, which was briefly discussed at the Special Meeting on National Accounts held in June 1981. The present study, which has been prepared by the Economic Statistics and National Accounts Division of the ESD, draws both on the earlier work by M. Teillet and on the substantial quantity of reports, working papers and other documentation on capital stock estimates supplied by statistical ...
    DOI: 10.1787/546835542570
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  • 19
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    Medium-Term Financial Strategy : The Co-ordination of Fiscal and Monetary Policies (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 100 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.9
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the medium-term financial strategies operating in and available to OECD economies. Three issues are discussed: first, the rationale for the increasing adoption of medium-term budgetary and monetary objectives; second, the appropriate criteria for the determination of medium-term policy norms, and the institutional means through which these are implemented; and third, the problems of ensuring consistency between short-term policies and medium-term goals. Underlying these issues is the theme of monetary and fiscal policy co-ordination and the medium-term effectiveness of demand management. To the extent that central banks can contain the pressures stemming from the mix of restrictive monetary targets and expansionary budgets, monetary and fiscal policies might be assigned to different objectives - inflation control and short-term employment support respectively (although monetary restraint would not free expansionary fiscal action ...
    DOI: 10.1787/034626486843
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  • 20
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    Short-Sea Shipping in the Economy of Inland Transport in Europe : Report of the Sixtieth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 1-2 April 1982 (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (189 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.60
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La navigation maritime à courte distance dans l'économie des transports intérieurs européens ; Rapport de la soixantième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Göteborg, Suède, les 1er et 2 avril 1982
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table includes reports on Short Sea Shipping from five countries: Greece, Italy, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105207-en
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  • 21
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    Transport and Telecommunications : Report of the Fifty-Ninth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 14th-15th January, 1982 (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104460
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (93 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.59
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports et télécommunications ; Rapport de la cinquante-neuvième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 14 et 15 janvier 1982
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Transport and telecommunications are complementary technologies, essential to the functioning of the economic and social system, which facilitate the making and development of relationships. But as means of communication they also compete. The recent development of telecommunications constitutes a challenge to the transport sector. This report sets out to identify the nature and scope of that challenge.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104460-en
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  • 22
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    Wage Formation in France : Sectoral Aspects (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.3
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the processes of wage formation in France sector by sector, to idenitfy the reasons for fluctuations in sectoral wage differentials and ascertain whether wage emulation exists. In France no information is available quarterly on sector wages with breakdowns by sex or according to a number of other characteristics, so it was not possible to make use of a number of studies done in other countries on the degree of wage dispersion, such as those of Bouteiller (1971), Pollen (1977), Tachibanaki (1974), and all the studies on the much researched relationship between wage level and membership of a trade union. Here it would be appropriate to ...
    DOI: 10.1787/075052006204
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  • 23
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    Transport is for People : Ninth International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics, Madrid, 2nd-4th November 1982. Introductory reports and summary of the discussion (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282107324
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (674 p.)
    Series Statement: International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics no.9
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le transport au service de l'homme ; Neuvième symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports, Madrid, 2-4 novembre 1982. Rapports introductifs et synthèse
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This book contains the introductory reports and discussion summary for the Ninth International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics, held in Madrid, 2nd-4th November 1982. The conference focused on transport for people.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282107324-en
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  • 24
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    Test No. 415: One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070844
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 415; Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 415: Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline for reproduction testing is designed to provide general information concerning the effects of a test substance (Solid, liquid, gas or vapour) on male and female reproductive performance. The test substance is administered orally in graduated doses to several groups of males and females. Males should be dosed during growth and for at least one complete spermatogenic cycle; females of the Parent generation should be dosed for at least two complete oestrous cycles. The animals are then mated. The test substance is administered to both sexes during the mating period and thereafter only to females during pregnancy and for the duration of the nursing period. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with the rat or mouse. Each test and control group should contain a sufficient number of animals to yield about 20 pregnant females at or near term. Three test groups, at least, should be used. It is recommended that the test substance be administered in the diet or drinking water. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. The results of this study include measurements (weighing, food consumption) and daily and detailed observations, each day preferably at the same time, as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. The findings of a reproduction toxicity study should be evaluated in terms of the observed effects, necropsy and microscopic findings. A properly conducted reproduction test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a no-effect level and an understanding of adverse effects on reproduction, parturition, lactation and postnatal growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070844-en
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  • 25
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    Model Double Taxation Convention on Estates and Inheritances and on Gifts (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264177277
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Taxation
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264177277-en
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  • 26
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    The Determinants of Exchange Rate Movements (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.7
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Exchange rates are relative prices of national currencies, and under a floating rate regime they may naturally be viewed as being determined by the interplay of supply and demand in foreign exchange markets. This proposition is uncontroversial, but it provides no more than a starting point for understanding exchange rate determination and its relationship to other macroeconomic variables and to policy. Supply and demand in currency markets are dependent on conditions in other markets, real and financial, which are affected in turn by exchange rates themselves. In fact any analysis which attempted to be general would describe exchange rates as being determined in a complex process of interaction simultaneously with all other variables in the international macro-economy. Such an approach would prove too cumbersome to be helpful empirically. Simplifying assumptions have therefore been used in most standard models to provide explanations which are in varying degrees partial. Each model ...
    DOI: 10.1787/412364058261
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  • 27
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    Trends in Transport Investment and Expenditure in 1981. Statistical Report on Road Accidents in 1982 [29th Annual Report. Activity of the Conference] Volume II (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282106648
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Evolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports en 1981. Rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1982. Volume II
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report on trends in investment and expenditure in the transport sector in ECMT Member countries in 1981 consists of four summary chapters and a statistical annex. Chapter 1 sets out the main trends for passenger and freight traffic as a whole in 1981 against the general economic background, the aim being primarily to compare the respective trends for the different modes of transport. Chapter 2 deals with the railways, covering not only traffic but also details of networks, rolling stock and operations. Chapter 3 analyses road transport in terms of trends in traffic, vehicle populations, infrastructures and operating conditions. Inland waterways, pipeline and sea transport are the subject of Chapter 4. The second part of the book presents a statistical report on road accidents in 1982.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282106648-en
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  • 28
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    Capital, Energy and Labour Substitution : The Supply Block in OECD Medium-Term Models (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.2
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper sets out the various stages in the construction and estimation of a supply block for medium-term projection models. It describes the theoretical basis for the specification chosen and the estimation results. The basic block is a set of production factor demand functions. It is refined by modelling the scrapping behaviour of firms, introducing the effects stemming from movements in hours worked, and examining the role of profits. Other possible changes or improvements are outlined. The model is used to simulate the effects of movements in the relative prices of labour, capital and energy in recent years ...
    DOI: 10.1787/117343004583
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  • 29
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    The Future of the Use of the Car : Report of the Fifty-Fifth, Fifty-Sixth and Fifty-Seventh Round Tables on Transport Economics (1982)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (233 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.55
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'avenir de l'utilisation de l'automobile ; Perspectives de l'utilisation et de la possession de l'automobile; Rapport des la cinquante-cinquième table ronde d'économie des transports -- Coût d'usage de la voiture ; perception du coût et mesures fiscales ; Rapport de la cinquante-sixième table ro
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This book presents the proceedings of three related ECMT Round Tables on the future of the car. The first concern the future of car ownership, the second concerns the cost of using a car, and the third concerns changing patterns of car usage.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105184-en
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  • 30
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    Trends in Transport Investment and Expenditure in 1979. Statistical Report on Road Accidents in 1980 [27th Annual Report. Activity of the Conference] Volume II (1982)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282106600
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Evolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports (1979). Rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1980. Volume II
    Keywords: Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282106600-en
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  • 31
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    Review of Demand Models : Forecast-Recorded Traffic Comparisons for Urban and Intercity Transport: Report of the Fifty-Eighth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 25-26 June 1981 (1982)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105191
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.58
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bilan de la modélisation de la demande ; Confrontation prévisions-résultats dans les transports urbains et interurbains ; rapport de la cinquante-huitième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 25 et 26 juin 1981
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table is an assessment of the attempts made since the early sixties to model passenger and freight transport demand.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105191-en
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  • 32
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    Test No. 112: Dissociation Constants in Water (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069725
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 112; Constante de dissociation dans l'eau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 112: Constante de dissociation dans l'eau
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes the methods allowing the determination of the dissociation constants in water. The dissociation is the reversible splitting into two or more chemical species which may be ionic. The determination of the dissociation constant requires a measure of the concentrations of the dissociated and undissociated forms of the chemical substance. From a knowledge of the stoichiometry of the dissociation reaction the appropriate constant can be determined. In the particular case described in this Guideline the substance is behaving as an acid or a base, and the determination is most conveniently done by determining the relative concentrations of ionised and unionised forms of the substance and the pH of the solution. The relationship between these terms is given in the equation for pKa. Some compounds exhibit more than one dissociation constant. Some of the methods described are also suitable for non-acid/base dissociation. There are two basic approaches to the determination of pKa. One involves titrating a known amount of substance with standard acid or base, as appropriate; the other involves determining the relative concentrations of the ionised and unionised forms and their pH dependence. Methods based on those principles may be classified as titration, spectrophotometric and conductometric procedures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069725-en
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  • 33
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    Test No. 108: Complex Formation Ability in Water (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069640
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 108; Capacité à former des complexes dans l'eau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 108: Capacité à former des complexes dans l'eau
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes the polarographic method. The ability of a substance to form complexes with metals can be assessed by means of polarographic techniques which allow the determination of stability constants for some complexes. The polarographic method can be applied to substances with a water solubility greater than 10-5 M. This method is based on the fact that the reduction potentials of metal ions are shifted, usually to more negative values, as a result of complex formation. A minimum of four known concentrations of the chemical being tested should be investigated with a known concentration of metal ions. The chemical being tested should normally be present in at least a 25-fold excess over the metal ion concentrations. The current should be measured at applied potentials in the range - 0.2 V to -1.0 V. In order to detect complexes which form slowly, it is necessary to allow the solutions to stand under a nitrogen atmosphere for a minimum period of 24 hours. If the results are not significant, it is necessary to use methods based on different physicochemical principles, such as spectrophotometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069640-en
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  • 34
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    Test No. 116: Fat Solubility of Solid and Liquid Substances (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069800
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 116; Liposolubilité des substances solides et liquides
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 116: Liposolubilité des substances solides et liquides
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to determine the fat solubility of solid and liquid substances. The fat solubility of a substance is one of the data for evaluating the storage of lipid soluble materials in biological tissue. This test method can only be applied to pure substances, non-reactive with triglyceride, which are stable at 50°C for at least 24 hours and which also are not appreciably volatile under the same conditions. The substance is dissolved in a liquid "standard fat" by stirring, and the saturation mass fraction of the substance is achieved by continued addition until a constant value for the mass fraction dependent variable is achieved as determined by a suitable analytical method.The methods use eight samples; each should be twice the quantity necessary for saturation as determined in the preliminary test. After adding a weighed amount of approximately 25 g of liquified and mixed standard fat, four flasks are stirred at 30°C (group I) and the other four at approximately 50°C (group II), each for at least one hour. All the flasks are stirred at 37°C, for liquids during 3 hours for two flasks of each group and for at least 24 hours for the last two flasks. At the end a sample is taken, weighed and the mass fraction is determined with different methods (photometric methods, gas chromatography, and extraction).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069800-en
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  • 35
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    Organization of Taxi Services in Towns : Report of the Fifty-Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 12-13 March 1981 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.54
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'organisation des services de taxis dans les villes ; Rapport de la cinquante-quatrième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 12 et 13 mars 1981
    Keywords: Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105177-en
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  • 36
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    Test No. 113: Screening Test for Thermal Stability and Stability in Air (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 113; Essai de sélection pour la stabilité thermique et la stabilité dans l'air
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 113: Essai de sélection pour la stabilité thermique et la stabilité dans l'air
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes methods for determining storage stability of a substance with respect to heat and air. Two methods are applicable to homogeneous solid and liquid substances and to mixtures of these: the accelerated storage test and the thermal analysis methods.In the accelerated storage test (CIPAC), a long duration storage instability can be simulated by applying a higher temperature during a short test. This test calls for the controlled storage at 54°C to 55°C for 14 days and subsequent analysis. In simple cases, it will be enough to determine a characteristic property before and after storage. The substance is considered to be stable at room temperature if the melting point has remained constant or the content of original substance as determined by analysis has decreased by not more than 5 per cent. In the thermal analysis methods (TGA and DTA), the sample and the standard reference material are heated up to the final temperature at a constant rate in a defined test atmosphere, either separately in a TGA or DTA apparatus, or in a combined system. The weight change of the sample or the quantities of heat absorbed or given off are measured and recorded. The substance is considered to be stable at room temperature if no decomposition or chemical transformation is found below 150°.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069749-en
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  • 37
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    Test No. 110: Particle Size Distribution/ Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069688
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 110; Distribution de la Taille des Particules/ Distributions de la Longueur et du Diamètre des Fibres
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 110: Distribution de la Taille des Particules/ Distributions de la Longueur et du Diamètre des Fibres
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes two methods. These tests are applicable only to water insoluble (solubility 〈 10-6 g/1) substances. The first method described (Method A) is designed to provide information on the transportation and sedimentation of insoluble particles in water and air. There are several standard methods available which meet the sensitivity requirements: the sedimentation, the centrifugation or the coulter counter. The sample should be subjected to a simple light microscopic examination to determine the approximate nature of the particles. Data are obtained for a 3 size ranges ›200µm, ‹2 µm and the region 2to 200µm. Method A, which determines the effective hydrodynamic radius, Rs (only in the range 2 μm 〈 Rs 〈 100 μm), can be used for both fibrous and non-fibrous particulates. The Method B is used in the special case of materials which can form fibres, it is comparatively specialised, infrequently required and involves microscopic examination. Scanning (SEM) or transmission (TEM) electron microscopy are required. There is no standard procedure at present. The full length (l) and diameter (d) data are needed on fibre of dimensions d≥ 0.1µm and l≥ 5µm. Two histograms should be prepared based on examination of at least 50 fibres each.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069688-en
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  • 38
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    Transport and Energy : Report of the Fifty-Second Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 29-30 April 1980 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105153
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (129 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.52
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports et énergie ; Rapport de la cinquante-deuxième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 20 et 30 avril 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105153-en
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  • 39
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    The Working Conditions of Professional Drivers : Effects on Productivity and Road Safety: Report of the Fifty-Third Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 11-12 December 1980 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105160
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.53
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conditions de travail des conducteurs professionnels ; Effets sur la productivité et la sécurité routière ; rapport de la cinquante-troisième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 11 et 12 décembre 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table presents a report on the working conditions of professional drivers covering such aspects as social environment and job situation, road safety and productivity and health.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105160-en
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  • 40
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    Test No. 101: UV-VIS Absorption Spectra (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069503
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 101; Spectres d'Absorption UV-VIS
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 101: Spectres d'Absorption UV-VIS
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes the determining of the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectrum of a chemical compound to have some indication of the wavelengths at which the compounds may be susceptible to photochemical degradation. Degradation will depend upon the total energy absorbed in specific wavelength regions. The absence of measurable absorption does not preclude the possibility of photodegradation. This method utilises a double-beam spectrophotometer which records only the absorption differences between the blank (the solvent and all present chemical species other than the test chemical) and test solutions to give the spectrum of the chemical being tested. The test should be carried out at 25°C. The test solutions should be made up in a concentration which will result in at least one absorbance maximum in the range 0.5 to 1.5 units.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069503-en
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  • 41
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    Test No. 411: Subchronic Dermal Toxicity: 90-day Study (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070769
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 411; Toxicité cutanée subchronique; 90 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 411: Toxicité cutanée subchronique: 90 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazards of solid or liquid test substance. It may be carried out after initial information obtained by acute testing. This method is composed of the main test and the limit test. This Test Guideline is intended for use with the adult rat, rabbit or guinea pig. At least 20 animals (10 female and 10 male) with healthy skin should be used at each dose level (at least three). The highest dose level should result in toxic effects but not produce an incidence of fatalities. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of at least 1000 mg/kg body weight. The method is based on the repeated application of the substance of interest during one limited period (several hours daily during 90 days). The test substance should be applied over not less than 10 per cent of the body surface area. The results of this study include: measurements and daily and detailed observations (ophthalmological examination, haematology, clinical biochemistry and urinalysis), as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. A properly conducted subchronic test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a non effect level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070769-en
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  • 42
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    Competitive Position and Future of Inland Waterway Transport : Report of the Forty-Ninth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 31 January-1 February 1980 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (97 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.49
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Position concurrentielle et avenir du transport fluvial ; Rapport de la quarante-neuvième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 31 janvier et 1er février 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the competitive position and future of inland waterway transport in Europe and features a paper by a scientist from the Danube Basin, Leo Chini of Austria.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105139-en
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  • 43
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    Test No. 410: Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-day Study (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 410; Toxicité cutanée à doses répétées; 21/28 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 410: Toxicité cutanée à doses répétées: 21/28 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazard of solid or liquid test substance. This method is composed of two tests: the main test and the limit test. This Test Guideline is intended for use with the adult rat, rabbit or guinea pig. At least 10 animals (5 female and 5 male) with healthy skin should be used at each dose level (at least three). The highest dose level should result in toxic effects but not produce an incidence of fatalities. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of at least 1000 mg/kg body weight. The method is based on the repeated application of the substance of interest during one limited period (several hours daily during 21/28 days). The test substance should be applied over not less than 10 per cent of the body surface area. The results of this study include: measurements and daily and detailed observations (haematology, clinical biochemistry and urinalysis), as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. A properly conducted 21-day or 28-day study should provide information on the effects of repeated inhalation exposure and can indicate the need for further longer term studies and provide information on the dose levels of the latter.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070745-en
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  • 44
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    Test No. 304A: Inherent Biodegradability in Soil (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 304A; Biodégradabilité intrinsèque dans le sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 304A: Biodégradabilité intrinsèque dans le sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method described in this Test Guideline is designed for the evaluation of the mineralisation rate of a 14C-labelled compound in soil. The method is applicable to volatile or non-volatile, soluble or insoluble compounds which are not inhibitory to micro-organisms. The basic test consists on the treatment of a small sample of soil (50g) with the 14C-labelled test chemical (100µl) in a biometer flask apparatus. The soil and the radioactive test solution are mixed. In addition, an equivalent volume of test solution is placed in a 100 ml volumetric flask for direct determination of the added radioactivity. The biometer flask is closed with a stopper through which an Ascarite filter is inserted. The unit is charged by injecting 10 ml of alkali solution into the side tube. Experiment duration times of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and - if necessary - 64 days should be chosen for measurement. The test requires parallel determinations. The method can included optional experiments: for chemicals of a vapour pressure higher than 0.0133 Pa and for relatively persistent chemicals. Release of 14CO2 from the test chemical is measured by means of alkali absorption and liquid scintillation counting. The 14CO2 radioactivity recovered is plotted versus time. Incubation time is sufficient when a total of 50 per cent CO2 expressed as 14C originally applied can be measured. Incubation should be stopped after reaching 64 days, whether or not this value is obtained.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070448-en
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  • 45
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    Test No. 302A: Inherent Biodegradability: Modified SCAS Test (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070363
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302A; Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque; Méthode SCAS modifiée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302A: Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque: Méthode SCAS modifiée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method which is an adaptation of the Soap and Detergent Association semi-continuous activated sludge (SCAS) procedure for assessing the primary biodegradation of alkyl benzene sulphonate. The test does not simulate those conditions experienced in a sewage treatment plant. Activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant is placed in an aeration (SCAS) unit. The test compound (non-volatile, water soluble, organic, non-inhibitoring to bacteria at the test concentration) and settled domestic sewage are added, and the mixture is aerated for 23 hours. The aeration is then stopped, the sludge allowed to settle and the supernatant liquor is removed. The sludge remaining in the aeration chamber is then mixed with a further aliquot of test compound and sewage and the cycle is repeated. The above fill and draw procedure is repeated daily throughout the test. A high concentration of aerobic micro-organisms is used. The length of the test for compounds showing little or no biodegradation is indeterminate, but experience suggests that this should be at least 12 weeks. Biodegradation is established by determination of the dissolved organic carbon content of the supernatant liquor. This value is compared with that found for the liquor obtained from a control tube dosed with settled sewage only.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070363-en
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  • 46
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    Test No. 114: Viscosity of Liquids (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 114; Viscosité des liquides
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 114: Viscosité des liquides
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes methods to measure the viscosity of liquids. The methods listed are appropriate in principle for the investigation of Newtonian liquids. The measurement of non-Newtonian liquids is only possible with the rotational viscometer. Viscosity measurements are carried out predominantly according to five methods: the capillary viscometer, the flow cup, the rotational viscometer, the rolling ball viscometer and the drawing ball viscometer. Each determination of viscosity should preferably be made at a temperature of 20°C and at one other temperature approximately 20°C higher. At least two determinations should be made at each temperature. The evaluation of the viscosity measurement is to be carried out according to the standards in the case of capillary and forced ball viscometers. In the case of rotational viscometers, the specification of a viscosity is appropriate only for Newtonian fluids. For non- Newtonian fluids the results obtained are preferred in the form of flow curves which must be interpreted, assuming the validity of various laws of flow.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069763-en
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  • 47
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    Social Service Transport: Transport for Elderly and Handicapped Persons : Report of the Fifty-First Round Table on Transport Economics held in Paris on 20-21 March 1980 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105146
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (135 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.51
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les transports sociaux ; Personnes âgées et handicapées ; rapport de la cinquante-et-unième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 20 et 21 mars 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table addresses transport for people with special needs including the elderly and the handicapped. It also looks at such issues as needs assessment and the cost of services.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105146-en
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  • 48
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    Infrastructural Capacity Problems Raised by International Transit : Report on the Forty-Fifth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 8-9 February 1979 (1980)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105108
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (135 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.45
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Problèmes de capacité infrastructurelle posés par le transit international ; Rapport de la quarante-cinquième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 8 et 9 février 1979
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table addresses two problems related to international transit across countries: infrastructure and pricing. After of general survey of issues, case studies are presented from three countries: Austria, Denmark and Germany.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105108-en
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  • 49
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    Transport and the Challenge of Structural Change : Eighth International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics, Istanbul, 24-28 September 1979. Introductory reports and summary of the discussion (1980)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282107300
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (539 p.)
    Series Statement: International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les transports face aux changements structurels ; Huitième symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports, Istanbul, 24-28 septembre 1979. Rapports introductifs et synthèse des discussions
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This book contains the introductory reports and dicussion summaries of the Eighth International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics, held in Istanbul, 24-28 September 1979, and which focused on transport and the challenge of structural change.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282107300-en
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  • 50
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    Online Resource
    Tariff Policies other than Road Pricing for Urban Transport : Report of the Forty-Sixth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 8-9 March 1979 (1980)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105115
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (107 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.46
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques tarifaires des transports urbains (autres que le Road pricing) ; Rapport de la quarante-sixième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 8 et 9 mars 1979
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table presents arguments for and against subsidising public transport and underlines the need for careful monitoring.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105115-en
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  • 51
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    Online Resource
    Scope for Railway Transport in Urban Areas : Report of the Forty-Seventh Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 25-26 June 1979 (1980)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105771
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (375 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.47
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Possibilités offertes par les chemins de fer en milieu urbain ; Rapport de la quarante-septième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Hambourg les 25 et 26 juin 1979
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table presents a series of Case Studies on 14 European cities on the scope for railway transport in urban areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105771-en
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  • 52
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    Transfers Through the Transport Sector : Evaluation of Re-Distribution Effects: Report of the Forty-Eighth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 29-30 November 1979 (1980)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.48
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les transferts à travers le secteur des transports ; Évaluation des effets redistributifs ; rapport de la quarante-huitième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 29 et 30 novembre 1979
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table presents a survey of the problems pertaining to the distributional impact of investments in transportation facilties, in particular the impact on land values.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105122-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 53
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    Holiday Traffic : Report of the Forty-Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 7-8 December 1978 (1980)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105092
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.44
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le trafic de vacances ; Rapport de la quarante-quatrième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 7 et 8 décembre 1978
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table looks at holiday traffic, in particular the imbalances it causes and solutions to the imbalance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105092-en
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