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  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (14)
  • Environment  (14)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 301: Ready Biodegradability (1992)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070349
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 301; Biodégradabilité Facile
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 301: Biodégradabilité Facile
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes six methods that permit the screening of chemicals for ready biodegradability in an aerobic aqueous medium. The methods are: the DOC Die-Away, the CO2 Evolution (Modified Sturm Test), the MITI (I) (Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan), the Closed Bottle, the Modified OECD Screening and the Manometric Respirometry. A solution, or suspension, of the test substance, well determined/described, in a mineral medium is inoculated and incubated under aerobic conditions in the dark or in diffuse light. The running parallel blanks with inoculum but without test substance permits to determined the endogenous activity of the inoculum. A reference compound (aniline, sodium acetate or sodium benzoate) is run in parallel to check the operation of the procedures. Normally, the test lasts for 28 days. At least two flasks or vessels containing the test substance plus inoculum, and at least two flasks or vessels containing inoculum only should be used; single vessels are sufficient for the reference compound. In general, degradation is followed by the determination of parameters such as DOC, CO2 production and oxygen uptake. The pass levels for ready biodegradability are 70% removal of DOC and 60% of ThOD or ThCO2 production for respirometric methods. These pass values have to be reached in a 10-d window within the 28-d period of the test.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070349-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 306: Biodegradability in Seawater (1992)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070486
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 306; Biodégradabilité dans l'eau de mer
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 306: Biodégradabilité dans l'eau de mer
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes two methods for biodegradability in seawater. The shake flask method consists on dissolution of a pre-determined amount of the test substance in the test medium to yield a concentration of 5-40 mg/l dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Five flasks, at least, should be used: two for the test suspension, two for the blank and one for procedure control. The solution of the test substance in the test medium is incubated, under agitation in the dark or in diffuse light under aerobic conditions, at a fixed temperature which will normally be within the range 15-20°C. The recommended maximum test duration is about 60 days. Degradation is followed by DOC measurements (ultimate degradation) and, in some cases, by specific analysis (primary degradation). The closed bottle method consists on dissolution of a pre-determined amount of the test substance in the test medium in a concentration of usually 2-10 mg/l (one or more concentrations may be used).The solution is kept in a filled closed bottle in the dark in a constant temperature bath or enclosure controlled within a range of 15-20°C. The degradation is followed by oxygen analyses over a 28-day period but if the blank biological oxygen demand value remains within the 30 per cent limit, the test could be prolonged. Twenty-four bottles at least are used (8 for test substance, 8 for reference compound and 8 for sweater plus nutriment). All analyses are performed on duplicate bottles. Four determinations of dissolved oxygen, at least, are performed (day 0, 5, 15 and 28) using a chemical or electrochemical method.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070486-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 406: Skin Sensitisation (1992)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070660
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 406; Sensibilisation de la peau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 406: Sensibilisation de la peau
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to test substance via intradermical injection and/or epidermical application. In this Test Guideline, the methods preferred over other are: the Guinea Pig Maximisation Test (GPMT) of Magnusson and Kligman which uses adjuvant and the non adjuvant Buehler Test. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with guinea pig, but recently mouse models for assessing sensitisation potential have been developed. For the GPMT at least 10 animals in the treatment group and 5 in the control group are used. For the Buehler test, a minimum of 20 animals is used in the treatment group and at least 10 animals in the control group. The test animals are initially exposed to the test substance. Following a rest period, the induction period (10-14 days), during which an immune response may develop, then the animals are exposed to a challenge dose. The GPMT is made during approximately 23-25 days, the Buehler test, during approximately 30-32 days. The concentration of test substance used for each induction exposure should be well-tolerated systemically and should be the highest to cause mild-to moderate skin irritation, for the challenge exposure the highest nonirritant dose should be used. All skin reactions and any unusual findings should be observed and recorded (other procedures may be carried out to clarify doubtful reactions).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070660-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 302B: Inherent Biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/ EVPA Test (1992)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070387
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302B; Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque; Essai Zahn-Wellens/EMPA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302B: Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque: Essai Zahn-Wellens/EMPA
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes the Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test. It is used to determine inherent biodegradability. A mixture containing the non-volatile and water soluble test substance, mineral nutrients and a relatively large amount of activated sludge in aqueous medium is agitated and aerated at 20-25°C in the dark or in diffuse light, for up to 28 days. Blank controls, containing activated sludge and mineral nutrients but no test substance, are run in parallel. The functional capability of the activated sludge is tested using a reference compound (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, lauryl sulfonate or aniline). In a typical run 1 or 2 vessels for the test suspension and for the inoculum blank, 1 for procedure control are used. The biodegradation process is monitored by determination of DOC, Dissolved Organic Carbon, (or COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand) in filtered samples, taken at daily or other time intervals. It is mandatory to follow DOC in the test suspension and inoculum blanks in parallel. The ratio of eliminated DOC (or COD), corrected for the blank, after each time interval, to the initial DOC value is expressed as the percentage biodegradation at the sampling time. The percentage biodegradation is plotted against time to give the biodegradation curve. The test is considered valid if the procedural control shows the removal of the reference compound by at least 70% within 14d and if DOC (or COD) in the test suspension is removed relatively gradually over days or weeks, since this indicates biodegradation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070387-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 210: Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test (1992)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070103
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 210; Poisson, essai de toxicité aux premiers stades de la vie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 210: Poisson, essai de toxicité aux premiers stades de la vie
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The test method described in this Test Guideline, is intended to define the lethal and sub-lethal effects of chemicals on the early life stages of the species tested. The early-life stages of fish are exposed to ,at least, five concentrations of the test substance dissolved in water, preferably under flow-through conditions, or where appropriate, semi-static conditions. The test starts with placing fertilised eggs (at least 60) in the test chambers and continues at least until all the control fishes are free-feeding. Lethal and sub-lethal effects are assessed and compared with control values to determine the lowest observed effect concentration and the no observed effect concentration. The study report should include measurement of the concentrations of the test substance in water at regular intervals (five at least), the dissolved oxygen, pH, total hardness and salinity, fish weight and length, as well as the observations of abnormal appearance, abnormal behaviour, hatching and survival.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070103-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test (1992)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069961
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 203; Poisson, essai de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 203: Poisson, essai de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The fish are exposed to the test substance preferably for a period of 96 hours. Mortalities are recorded at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and the concentrations which kill 50 per cent of the fish (LC50) are determined where possible. One or more species may be used, the choice being at the discretion of the testing laboratory. At least seven fishes must be used at each test concentration and in the controls. The test substance should be administered to, at least, five concentrations in a geometric series with a factor preferably not exceeding 2.2. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. This study includes the observations of fish at least after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The cumulative percentage mortality for each exposure period is plotted against concentration on logarithmic probability paper.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069961-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 401: Acute Oral Toxicity (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 401; Toxicité orale aigue͏̈
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 401: Toxicité orale aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the test 401 ‘Acute Oral Toxicity’ was deleted on 17th December 2002.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040113-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 402: Acute Dermal Toxicity (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070585
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 402; Toxicité cutanée aigue͏̈
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 402: Toxicité cutanée aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from short-term exposure to a test chemical by dermal route. Test chemicals should not be administered at doses that are known to cause marked pain and distress due to potential corrosive or severely irritant actions. Groups of animals, of a single sex, are exposed via the dermal route to the test chemical in a stepwise procedure using the appropriate fixed doses. The initial dose level is selected at the concentration expected to produce clear signs of toxicity without causing severe toxic effects or mortality. Further groups of animals may be tested at higher or lower fixed doses, depending on the presence or absence of signs of toxicity or mortality. This procedure continues until the dose causing toxicity or no more than one death is identified, or when no effects are seen at the highest dose or when deaths occur at the lowest dose. Subsequently, observations of effects and deaths are made. Animals which die during the test are necropsied, and at the conclusion of the test the surviving animals are sacrificed and necropsied. The method provides information on the hazardous properties and allows the substance to be classified for acute toxicity according to the Globally Harmonised System of classification and labelling of chemicals.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070585-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 482: Genetic Toxicology: DNA Damage and Repair, Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells in vitro (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 482; Toxicologie génétique; Lésion et réparation d'ADN - Synthèse non programmée de l'ADN (UDS) sur cellules de mammifère - in vitro
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 482: Toxicologie génétique: Lésion et réparation d'ADN - Synthèse non programmée de l'ADN (UDS) sur cellules de mammifère - in vitro
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 482 ‘Genetic Toxicology: DNA Damage and Repair, Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells in vitro’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071445-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 484: Genetic Toxicology: Mouse Spot Test (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071483
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 484; Toxicologie génétique; Spot test chez la souris
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 484: Toxicologie génétique: Spot test chez la souris
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 484 ‘Genetic Toxicology: Mouse Spot Test’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071483-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 480: Genetic Toxicology: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gene Mutation Assay (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071407
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (5 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 480; Toxicologie génétique; Saccharomyces cerevisiae, essai de mutation génique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 480: Toxicologie génétique: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, essai de mutation génique
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 480 ‘Genetic Toxicology: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gene Mutation Assay’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071407-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 481: Genetic Toxicology: Saacharomyces cerevisiae, Miotic Recombination Assay (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071421
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 481; Toxicologie génétique; Saccharomyces cerevisiad, essai de recombinaison mitotique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 481: Toxicologie génétique: Saccharomyces cerevisiad, essai de recombinaison mitotique
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 481 ‘Genetic Toxicology: Saacharomyces cerevisiae, Miotic Recombination Assay’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071421-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 485: Genetic toxicology, Mouse Heritable Translocation Assay (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071506
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 485; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de translocation héréditaire chez la souris
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 485: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de translocation héréditaire chez la souris
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The mouse heritable translocation test detects structural and numerical chromosome changes in mammalian germ cells as recovered in first generation progeny. The types of chromosome changes detected in this test system are reciprocal translocations. Carriers of translocations and XO-females show reduced fertility which is used to select first generation progeny for cytogenetic analysis. Translocations are cytogenetically observed in meiotic cells at diakinesis metaphase I of male individuals. The test is usually performed by analysis of male first generation progeny. About 500 first generation males per dose level are required. One dose level is tested, usually the highest dose associated with the production of minimal toxic effects, and administered by oral intubation or intraperitoneal injection. A single administration of the test substance or the administration of the test substance on 7 days/week for 35 days, are possible. The test substance can be solid, liquid, vapour or gaseous. For translocation heterozygosity one of two possible methods is used: fertility testing of first generation progeny; or cytogenetic analysis of all male first generation progeny are possible. A test substance producing neither a statistically significant increase in the number of translocations observed for at least one test point, nor a statistically significant, dose-related, increase in the number of translocations observed, is considered non-mutagenic in this system.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071506-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
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    Online Resource
    Test No. 479: Genetic Toxicology: In vitro Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay in Mammalian Cells (1986)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071384
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (5 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 479; Toxicologie génétique; Essai in vitro d'échange de chromatides-sœurs sur cellules de mammifère
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 479: Toxicologie génétique: Essai in vitro d'échange de chromatides-sœurs sur cellules de mammifère
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 479 ‘Genetic Toxicology: In vitro Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay in Mammalian Cells’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071384-en
    URL: Volltext
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