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  • 2000-2004  (45)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (45)
  • Finance and Investment  (45)
  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La norme du traitement juste et équitable dans le droit international des investissements
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The obligation to provide “fair and equitable treatment” is often stated, together with other standards, as part of the protection due to foreign direct investment by host countries. It is an “absolute”, “non-contingent” standard of treatment, i.e. a standard that states the treatment to be accorded in terms whose exact meaning has to be determined, by reference to specific circumstances of application, as opposed to the “relative” standards embodied in “national treatment” and “most favoured nation” principles which define the required treatment by reference to the treatment accorded to other investment1. Although some references to the standard can be found in the first negotiating attempts of multilateral trade and investment instruments, it became established as a principle mainly through the increasing network of bilateral investment treaties. The obligation of the parties to investment agreements to provide to each other’s investments “fair and equitable treatment” ...
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264032248
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (73 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le traitement de la nation la plus favorisée dans le droit international des investissements
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Bilateral and regional investment agreements have proliferated in the last decade and new ones are still being negotiated. Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) clauses link investment agreements by ensuring that the parties to one treaty provide treatment no less favourable than the treatment they provide under other treaties in areas covered by the clause. MFN clauses have thus become a significant instrument of economic liberalisation in the investment area. Moreover, by giving the investors of all the parties benefiting from a country’s MFN clause the right, in similar circumstances, to treatment no less favourable than a country’s closest or most influential partners can negotiate on the matters the clause covers, MFN avoids economic distortions that would occur through more selective country-by-country liberalisation. Such a treatment may result from the implementation of treaties, legislative or administrative acts of the country and also by mere practice ...
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L' "expropriation indirecte" et le "droit de réglementer" dans le droit international de l'investissement
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: It is a well recognised rule in international law that the property of aliens cannot be taken, whether for public purposes or not, without adequate compensation. Two decades ago, the disputes before the courts and the discussions in academic literature focused mainly on the standard of compensation and measuring of expropriated value. The divergent views of the developed and developing countries raised issues regarding the formation and evolution of customary law. Today, the more positive attitude of countries around the world toward foreign investment and the proliferation of bilateral treaties and other investment agreements requiring prompt, adequate and effective compensation for expropriation of foreign investments have largely deprived that debate of practical significance for foreign investors. Disputes on direct expropriation – mainly related to nationalisation that marked the 70s and 80s -- have been replaced by disputes related to foreign investment regulation ...
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264030886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Albania
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Albania and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 201-211
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 201-211
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Following the end of the “Cold War”, the OECD has, since the early 1990s, been conducting “Outreach” activities (i.e. cooperation including technical assistance activities with non-Member economies), first with the Central and Eastern European countries in transition and now extending to many economies especially in Asia...
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 133-198
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 133-198
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: A reoccurring motif in pension literature and policy is the search for “benefit security” – that is, assurance to members of a pension regime that, at the end of the working career, they will get some reasonably predictable outcome, either as a pension (benefit stream) or a lump sum. The purpose of this note is to present a simple “thought experiment” to explore this matter and how market mechanisms might be brought more to bear...
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264017474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (93 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: In October 2001, the Stability Pact and the OECD launched the Regulatory Governance Initiative (RGI) to strengthen the institutional, knowledge and process capacities for developing and implementing more efficient and effective regulation, supportive of sound and competitive markets. The RGI is one of the policy implementation initiatives under the Investment Compact (the South East Europe Compact for Reform, Investment, Integrity and Growth) of the Stability Pact. This report of the Regulatory Governance Initiative provides an assessment on the progress of regulatory governance reforms in South East Europe (SEE), and the remaining reform challenges. It includes the Governance Action Plans developed by the SEE countries. Short-term reform priorities identified by the countries provide the basis for the Agenda for Regional Action, an overview of main governance reform trends in the SEE region and recommendations for the successful implementation of reforms. The report responds to the decision, taken by the Ministers from South East Europe (SEE) at the meeting in Vienna in July 2003, to place major emphasis on reviewing progress in the area of governance at their 2004 Ministerial meeting. It aims to inform policy-makers, donors, investors and the international community of progress in regulatory governance reforms in South East Europe. Practitioners in the region can draw on this report as a guide for their work in the future.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 201-211
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 201-211
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The last few years have witnessed a number of large-scale disasters, both man-made, such as the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, and natural, such as the tropical storm Allison in 2001 in the US, the extensive flooding in large parts of Europe in summer 2002, the May 2003 earthquake in Algeria or the appearance of previously unknown infectious diseases. Both the frequency of such disasters and the magnitude of losses involved have tended to increase. This evolution brought home to OECD governments the realisation that risks of very large disasters or “mega-risks” have the potential for inflicting considerable damage on the vital systems and infrastructures upon which our societies and economies depend...
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 7-60
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 7-60
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Background; Equity markets; Bond markets and interest rates; Foreign exchange markets; Emerging economies; Enlargement of the European Union...
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264032279
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for the Republic of Macedonia and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264020207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Catastrophes de grande ampleur ; les leçons du passé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Catastrophes de grande ampleur : les leçons du passé
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: The September 11th terrorist attacks, the Chernobyl nuclear accident, Hurricane Andrew and the Kobe earthquake are all recent examples of large-scale disasters that have taken a massive toll in human lives, wealth and property. They have disrupted vital systems such as transport and energy supplies and spilled over into neighbouring as well as distant regions. They have also generated widespread anxiety, and in some cases created deep-seated public mistrust of governments' ability to protect their citizens. This book is based on a report prepared between May and July 2003 by a multi-disciplinary team of experts from inside and outside of the OECD. It examines the economic and social impacts of past large-scale disasters, and draws a number of key lessons for the future. Its focus is on better prevention of disasters, and on restoring trust and securing recovery in their aftermath.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 85-120
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 85-120
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Over the next decades, OECD countries will experience a significant ageing of their populations. Changes in the age structure of populations affect the economy’s saving behaviour, including the level of saving and the choices of saving vehicles. During the 1990s, financial markets in general and equity markets in particular may have benefited from large inflows into pension funds and other institutionalised forms of saving. These inflows reflected to a considerable extent saving for retirement by baby boom generations. These baby boom generations are expected to start to move into retirement after 2010. Almost as a natural corollary to the developments during the 1990s, some observers have argued that when baby boomers start entering retirement they will become net sellers of financial assets to finance retirement consumption...
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 61-81
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 61-81
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The past few years were characterised by an economic downturn, a substantial stock market correction from March 2000 to March 2003, financial asset deterioration, record corporate default rates, the Argentina sovereign default and several natural and man-made catastrophes, including most notably the September 11 attacks. Against this background, the present note looks at the performance of financial groups during this period. The recent decade has seen the formation of an increasing number of such groups, although some have argued that, ex post, the benefits associated with the formation of such groups may have been smaller than initially thought. The note concludes that financial groups have been quite resilient in the face of these various shocks, which is reflected in their equity market valuations...
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264105102
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement ; le bassin des Carai͏̈bes2004 ; Costa Rica, République dominicaine et Jamai͏̈que
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement : le bassin des Carai͏̈bes2004 : Costa Rica, République dominicaine et Jamai͏̈que
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Costa Rica ; Dominican Republic ; Jamaica
    Abstract: The Caribbean Rim Investment Initiative (CRII) promotes a co-operative approach between countries of Central America and the Caribbean, the OECD and other international organisations with the objective of enhancing investment opportunities. This book, which contains the reports for Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic and Jamaica, is a roadmap for developing and implementing the agenda for investment policy reform. It is for policy makers, researchers, and private sector stakeholders in the region.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264016231
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of the UK's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264106222
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: This annual report presents comprehensive statistics on the gross external debt of 171 developing countries and countries in transition. The 2003 edition has been enhanced with additional series providing more detailed breakdowns of categories of debt and time series data going back to end 1998. These figures are compiled by the OECD, largely on the basis of creditor sources. All figures are shown in US dollars. The External Debt Statistics database is included in OECD's International Development Statistics CD-ROM, and is available on line via www.OECD-iLibrary.org
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264018518
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement ; Fédération de Russie 2004 ; Progrès et enjeux de la réforme
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement : Fédération de Russie 2004 : Progrès et enjeux de la réforme
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Russian Federation
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Auslandsinvestition ; Kapitalflucht ; Korruption ; Russland ; Finance and Investment ; Russian Federation ; Russland ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: The 2004 Investment Policy Review of the Russian Federation evaluates the progress made since the publication of OECD's 2001 study on this topic. The report finds that Russia has made significant improvements in its business environment and has signed investment and double taxation treaties with a number of countries. Nevertheless, the Russian Federation has attracted relatively little FDI and has experienced large-scale capital flight. The report recommends further reforms that are needed.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264032286
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Montenegro
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries world-wide over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation, competitiveness and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. It is a particular challenge for countries undertaking the transition to full market economies. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Montenegro and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2003/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'approche des entreprises dans la lutte contre les pratiques entachées de corruption
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The international business community’s anti-corruption efforts are essential parts of broader systems for fighting corrupt business practices. These also include formal law enforcement, where an appropriate regulatory framework is already in place, and regulatory and other public sector reform, where it is not. This paper looks at anti-corruption material published on the websites of companies in UNCTAD’s list of top 100 non-financial multinational enterprises. It seeks to understand these companies’ views of corrupt business practices as well as their anti-corruption management and reporting practices. The paper answers the following questions: How many of the top 100 non-financial multinational enterprises make public statements on corruption on their websites? Forty three of the top 100 non-financial multinational enterprises present anti-corruption material on their websites. This is low relative to earlier studies of the top 100 companies’ propensity to make public ...
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264010352
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Codes of Liberalisation of Capital Movements and of Current Invisible Operations; User's Guide
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Codes de l'OCDE de la libération des mouvements de capitaux et des opérations invisibles courantes ; Guide de référence
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Codes of Liberalisation of Capital Movements and of Current Invisible Operations: User's Guide
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Codes de l'OCDE de la libération des mouvements de capitaux et des opérations invisibles courantes : Guide de référence
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Seit ihrer Gründung im Jahre 1961 gehört es zu den Aufgaben der Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (OECD), ihre Mitgliedstaaten dabei zu unterstützen, die Freizügigkeit des internationalen Waren- und Dienstleistungsverkehrssowie die schrittweise Liberalisierung des Kapitalverkehrs zu fördern. Dieses Ziel, das im Übereinkommen über die OECD niedergelegt ist, findet im Hinblick auf Dienstleistungen und Kapitalverkehr seinen konkreten Ausdruck im Kodex der Liberalisierung des Kapitalverkehrs einerseits und im Kodex der Liberalisierung der laufenden unsichtbaren Operationen andererseits.Dieser Benutzerleitfaden ist dazu gedacht, zu einem besseren Verständnis der Grundsätze und Verfahren der OECD-Kodizes beizutragen. Er erläutert ferner ausführlichden Geltungsbereich der Kodizes und kann somit deren Benutzern als Orientierungshilfedienen.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264101975
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement ; Chine 2003 ; Progrès et enjeux de la réforme
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement : Chine 2003 : Progrès et enjeux de la réforme
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China has become one of the world's leading destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI) since the Chinese government opted to reform the economy and open it to foreign trade and investment. Inflows of FDI, which accelerated at the time of China's accession to the WTO in 2001, have been an important factor in promoting rapid economic growth and technological progress. However, there remains substantial potential for a greater inflow of long-term, high-technology, high-value-added FDI from OECD countries. This study records and evaluates the development so far of an enabling environment for FDI and suggests policy options designed to improve it further. Foreign investors were initially attracted to China by cheap land and labour, the promise of a large market and, to some extent, by fiscal incentives. To sustain and increase large-scale FDI inflows, it is now necessary to move towards a more strongly rules-based attraction strategy, based on structural elements which will include a sound legal system, transparent laws and regulations, streamlined investment approval procedures, good corporate governance, effective competition policy and a sound financial system.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264100176
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rentabilité des banques ; Notes méthodologiques par pays Edition 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rentabilité des banques : Notes méthodologiques par pays Edition 2002
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: This publication complements Bank Profitability: Financial Statements of Banks. The notes included in this volume were prepared to facilitate the comprehension and the interpretation of the statistics and to provide a brief description of the activities of banks in each country.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 15 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2002/02
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The expanding geographical sweep of supply chains reflects important advances in the area of logistics management. Some of these advances are linked to progress in computing, telecommunications and robotics technologies as well as to the accumulation of management expertise. Managers have integrated new technologies into their production and distribution processes and have explored new ways of running their core businesses and of managing relations with business partners. As a result, the organisation of companies has evolved -- strategic alliances and closer relations with suppliers and contractors have tended to blur the boundaries of the enterprise. This restructuring has been accompanied by new ways of looking at and organising the roles and responsibilities of various actors in supply chains -- sourcing and supplying firms, business service providers and policy makers. The greater sophistication in the management of supply chains is part of the long-standing process in which...
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264033955
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Between 2000 and 2001, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into and out of OECD countries recorded their largest drop in recent decades. Total inflows in the OECD area fell from US dollars (USD) 1.27 trillion to USD 566 billion, or a decline of around 56 per cent. While firm data are not fully available for non-OECD countries, early indications suggest that their share of global FDI increased slightly in 2001, owing to a less sharp decline in inflows. On current estimates, the total 2001 outflows from OECD countries amounted to USD 593 billion, with the OECD area acting as a net exporter of USD 27 billion worth of FDI in 2001 as compared with USD 12 billion in 2000. ...
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264095939
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (414 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication presents detailed data on the role played by multinationals in the OECD economies. This year's edition also includes data on the activity of affiliates of national firms abroad (outward investment). Volume I provides data for the manufacturing sector covering 18 variables including production, employment, investment, research and trade. Part I presents the main findings and highlights trends for each of the variables displayed by foreign multinationals and domestic firms in total manufacturing industry, leading sectors as well as a detailed geographical breakdown. Part II provides basic data and shows the share of each sector controlled by foreign multinationals for the available industrial variables. Data sources and definitions are also provided. Data are provided from the early to mid 90s onwards and are presented in national currencies.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264096387
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication presents detailed data on the role played by multinationals in the OECD economies. This year’s edition also includes data on the activity of affiliates of national firms abroad (outward investment). Volume I provides data for the manufacturing sector covering 18 variables including production, employment, investment, research and trade. Part I presents the main findings and highlights trends for each of the variables displayed by foreign multinationals and domestic firms in total manufacturing industry, leading sectors as well as a detailed geographical breakdown. Part II provides basic data and shows the share of each sector controlled by foreign multinationals for the available industrial variables. Data sources and definitions are also provided. Published for the first time, Volume II presents data for services. Five variables are covered: employment, turnover, value added, exports and imports. These data provide a measure of the impact of foreign direct investment on the economies of the OECD countries. From this standpoint, they provide a vital backup for data on direct investment flows.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264176089
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement ; Israe͏̈l 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement : Israe͏̈l 2002
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Israel
    Abstract: OECD's review of Israel's investment policy. It finds that the Israeli economy has been progressively transformed from an underdeveloped agrarian economy to one which is technologically advanced and services-based. Trade liberalisation, along with the abolition of exchange controls, the adoption of modern corporate governance rules and intellectual property protection enhancement have led to the establishment of an enabling, transparent and non-discriminatory environment for domestic and foreign investment. The beneficial effects of Israel’s FDI policies are enhanced by a focus on high-tech industries and a wide network of international commitments. However, particular attention needs to be given to reducing market access restrictions or distortions resulting from past heavy government involvement. Further progress may in fact largely depend on the acceleration of the privatisation process, the dismantling of monopolies and a less interventionist approach to business activity.
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2002/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les entreprises multinationales dans des situations de conflits violents et de violations généralisées des droits de l'homme
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In response to enquiries about foreign investment in Myanmar, the Committee for International Investment and Multinational Enterprises (CIME) asked the Secretariat to prepare a paper, under the responsibility of the latter, that would provide background information to interested parties. This paper was not only to shed light on business activity in Myanmar, but also to consider the broader challenges of conducting business responsibly in countries characterised by civil strife and extensive human rights violations. The present paper responds to this request and focuses on issues that are of particular relevance to extractive industries. This sector’s share of global investment is quite small, but its significance for particular host societies is large and the underlying issues for corporate responsibility affect the welfare of millions of people. While not ignoring the problems that have arisen in connection with multinational enterprise activity in troubled host countries, this ...
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264175969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This progress report builds on the results of the inaugural meeting of the OECD-Ukraine Forum on Investment and Enterprise Development, held in Kiev on 21-22 February 2002. It comprises the report prepared by the Ukrainian Government, the OECD assessment, the business perspectives, and presentations by national and international practitioners and experts. A broad set of issues are addressed, ranging from the general economic situation to achievements and difficulties in the fields of taxation, privatisation, financial sector and banking. The report also reflects the discussion on further steps in OECD-Ukraine co-operation, and outlines the activities of other international organisations and bilateral donors in support of the reform process. The progress report provides a record of the reforms under way and the ongoing debate on the reform process in Ukraine -- a country with strong economic potential but which has yet to be perceived as an attractive destination for foreign direct investment.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2001/06
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Based on a slight extension of the inventory of 233 codes of corporate conduct collected for an earlier study (TD/TC/WP(98)74/FINAL), this paper takes a more in-depth look at the contents of the codes with respect to issue coverage and code implementation procedures. The main findings of this investigation of 246 voluntary codes of conduct are: The codes examined differ considerably in terms of their content and degree of detail. This reflects the underlying diversity of the organisations issuing the codes, which differ in terms of size, sector and regional affiliation. All the firms subscribing to the codes covered in this study are based in the OECD (most of the 29 member OECD countries are covered in the inventory). The firms operate in a variety of sectors including high technology, mass retailing, heavy manufacturing, light manufacturing, primary production and financial services. Some codes in the inventory are issued by business associations and others by NGOs. The codes ...
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2001/02
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In the ongoing public debate on globalisation, concerns have been expressed about the economic, social and environmental impacts of deepening international trade and investment ties and about the activities of the multinational enterprises. These concerns focus on a variety of issues including labour relations, human rights, environment, corruption, control of technology and consumer protection. The high profile of this debate means that most multinational enterprises now pay close attention to public perceptions of their activities in the societies in which they operate. Globalisation has also brought with it additional management challenges for firms in area that has come to be called “legal compliance”. Multinational enterprise are often present in dozens of jurisdictions covering many legal and regulatory areas. These companies need to keep themselves informed about the regulations affecting them and must take steps to ensure that they comply with law and regulation. Compliance ...
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2001/04
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Government involvement in “voluntary” initiatives for corporate responsibility has been extensive. This chapter reviews four main types of involvement -- legal and regulatory incentives, tax expenditures on the NGO sector, contributions to compliance expertise and moral suasion. The most influential government measures have been closely co-ordinated with broader public strategy, especially in relation to regulatory reform. Many of the private initiatives studied here are closely related to the legal and regulatory environments from which they emerge. Indeed, in some instances, these initiatives are so clearly a response to legal and regulatory incentives, that they could almost be called the extension or reflection into private management practices of public law and regulation. As a result, it is often difficult to analyse the impact or effectiveness of these initiatives independently of the legal and regulatory framework from which they emerge -- the two form an interdependent ...
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264194892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (73 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger ; Lituanie 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : Lituanie 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Lithuania
    Abstract: OECD's review of Lithuania foreign direct investment policies. It finds that since regaining its independence in 1990, Lithuania has undergone a remarkable economic transformation. By the end of 2000, this process had been greatly stimulated by the inflow of some US$2.3 billion in foreign direct investment. FDI has contributed to green-field investment, mergers and acquisitions, as well as the privatisation of state-owned-enterprises. Creating favourable conditions for FDI has been a core element of Lithuania’s economic strategy, and relatively few restrictions to FDI now remain. FDI has also been encouraged by the prospect of EU membership, as well as Lithuania's accession to the World Trade Organisation on 31 May 2001. Among the remaining challenges are an early completion of privatisations, pursuance of liberalisation, and foreign competition for trade and investment. Top priority is being given to solving implementation problems resulting from the revamping of the old regulatory regime. On 26 July 2001, Lithuania became eligible for adherence to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. This will help to consolidate Lithuania's achievements and expand its economic relations with OECD countries and other adherents to the Declaration.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264482234
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Institutional Investors in Latin America
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Cuál es el estado actual del desarrollo de los inversionistas institucionales en América Latina? Cómo se pueden beneficiar los países de América Latina de la experiencia de países de la OECD para diseñar políticas que ayuden a fomentar el papel de los inversionistas institucionales? Cuáles son los requisitos necesarios en infraestructura financiera y en el marco regulador para asegurar el crecimiento y el buen funcionamiento del sector institucional en América Latina? Estas y otras cuestiones similares fueron abordadas durante el taller en Santiago de Chile sobre “Inversionistas Institucionales en América Latina”, organizado en Septiembre de 1999 por la OECD y la Comisión de la Unión Europea, en cooperación con el gobierno chileno. Este conjunto de textos puede constituir una obra de referencia sobre la inversión institucional para supervisores del sector financiero institucional, expertos del sector público, participantes del sector privado, y académicos de las economías de mercados emergentes y de los países de la OECD. El Centro para la Cooperación con Países No Miembro (CCNM) promueve y coordina el diálogo político y la cooperación con las economías ubicadas fuera del área OCDE.
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2001/01
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Voluntary initiatives in the area of corporate responsibility have been among the major trends in international business in recent years. Business surveys show that most large OECD-based multinational enterprises have participated in this trend in one way or another. These initiatives involve, first, the issuance of codes of corporate conduct setting forth commitments in such areas as labour relations, environmental management, human rights, consumer protection, disclosure and fighting corruption. These codes are often backed up by management systems that help firms respect their commitments in their dayto- day operations. More recent developments include work on management, reporting and auditing standards and of the emergence of supporting institutions (e.g. professional societies, consulting and auditing services). This paper analyses the results of a fact-finding project on business approaches to corporate responsibility ...
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264194953
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger ; Estonie 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : Estonie 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Estonia
    Abstract: OECD's review of foreign direct investment policy in Estonia. It finds that since regaining its independence in 1991, Estonia has undergone a remarkable economic transformation. By the end of 2000, it had received some US$2.65 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI), principally from European countries and the United States, and invested some US$443 million in the other Baltic countries. FDI has financed green-field investment, mergers and acquisitions, as well as the privatisation of state-owned-enterprises. Creating favourable conditions for FDI and openness to foreign trade have been key elements of Estonia’s economic strategy. Estonia has been included in the first wave of accession of new Members to the European Union and it joined the World Trade Organisation in 2000. The revamping of the old regime and privatisation are practically complete, and special attention is being given to reducing bureaucracy and regulation further. Very few restrictions to FDI remain. Estonia now faces the challenge of keeping up with the competition and catching up with the richer nations. On 26 July 2001, Estonia became eligible for adherence to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. This will help to consolidate Estonia's recent achievements and further expand its economic relations with OECD countries and other adherents to the Declaration.
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2001/03
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Many companies have implemented programmes that help them to respond to societal concerns about the economic, social and environmental impacts of their activities. These help them to manage their compliance with legal or regulatory requirements and their response to “softer” forms of social control of business. These voluntary initiatives by companies have included public statements -- codes of conduct --in which they commit to behavioural norms in a variety of areas of business ethics (e.g. environment, anti-corruption, etc.). Some companies have backed these up with management systems designed to help them respect their commitments. Indeed, codes of conduct often represent just the first step in a process of improving management processes in support of legal and ethical compliance. Subsequent steps include the implementation of systems of management control designed to promote compliance. These systems typically employ a range of tools including accounting and record keeping ...
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264188693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger ; La République tchèque 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : La République tchèque 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: OECD's 2001 review of the Czech Republic's foreign direct investment policies and programmes. It finds that the Czech Republic entered the transition process with a strong industrial heritage and an extensive, but obsolete infrastructure showing the effects of over 40 years of central planning. Throughout the nineties, the extensive reforms undertaken have helped reintegrate the Czech Republic into the global economy through measures such as privatisation and the creation of a favourable and liberal investment climate which has led to a surge in FDI in recent years in particular. The Czech Republic became a Member of the OECD in 1995. The Czech government is committed to addressing the need for further industrial restructuring and to completing the privatisation process which has played a key role in the transformation of the Czech economy and in attracting FDI. With this process virtually completed, the Czech Republic now has the challenge of sustaining FDI inflows in the future through further greenfield projects and reinvestments and improving backward linkages to domestic companies. This review charts the development of FDI in the Czech Republic and evaluates its role in the transition process, assessing the degree of openness of the economy to foreign direct investors.
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2000/05
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In the wake of the Balkan crisis, the Central and East European transition countries have been put into two groups, the seven South-East European countries (SEEC-7) and the five Central European countries (CEEC-5). SEEC-7 have not only been more immediately affected by the crisis but also show several common features of economic underdevelopment and distorted transition to a market economy. In order to help their future development, the Balkan Stability Pact has been set up. One of the aims of this internationally funded programme is to reduce investment risk in the region and lay the foundations for the inflow of private capital. This section looks at the main characteristics of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region in comparison with CEECs. Further sections of the paper will provide a deeper insight into some crucial areas – foreign ...
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'UEM ; An 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'UEM : An 1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: Europe's single currency was launched a bit more than a year ago for eleven of the fifteen countries of the Union. This study assesses economic developments and policies during the inaugural year of the new regime. It analyses the economic performance and prospects of the euro area as a whole, and highlights to what extent aggregate trends are shaped by convergence or divergence at national or regional levels. Macroeconomic policies are discussed in depth. The common monetary policy carried out by the Eurosystem and the underlying framework are scrutinised, as is the co-ordination of national fiscal policies against the background of the Stability and Growth Pact. A special chapter is devoted to the links between structural features and policies on the one hand and macroeconomic performance on the other. It argues that broad-based and properly designed structural reforms would boost Europe's economic potential significantly and ease macroeconomic policy trade-offs. A number of highly topical issues are addressed, such as: - How fast is growth picking up and unemployment declining in the euro area? - Why did the euro weaken in 1999 and does it matter? - How effectively was monetary policy conducted? - What degree of fiscal prudence is needed over the next few years? - Which rigidities continue to stunt growth in Europe? This is the second OECD study on EMU, following the one published in early 1999 under the title EMU: Facts, Challenges and Policies.
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 108 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2000/03
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Lithuania
    Abstract: The present study was prepared in the third quarter of 1999 as a background study to a Conference organised by the OECD Committee on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises (CIME), in collaboration with the Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members and with the support of the Estonian Investment Agency, on the subject of “Foreign Direct Investment Policy and Private Sector Development in the Baltic States”. This event took place in Tallinn on 17 November 1999. Its objective was to provide an overall assessment of the contribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) to the economic transformation of the three Baltic states since their independence in 1991-1992. The conference was one of the main activities organised in 1999 under the auspices of the OECD Baltic Regional Programme. Within the framework of the same programme, it was followed up by a Conference on Fiscal Incentives and Competition for Foreign Direct Investment in Vilnius in Spring 2000 organised in ...
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264182172
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rentabilité des banques ; Notes méthodologiques par pays Edition 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rentabilité des banques : Notes méthodologiques par pays Edition 2000
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Trends in bank profitability and factors affecting it are major indicators of changes in the state of health of national banking systems. OECD statistics published annually under the title Bank Profitability -- Financial Statements of Banks, provide a unique tool for analysing developments in bank profitability in twenty-nine Member countries. Methodological country notes included in this volume were prepared to facilitate the comprehension and the interpretation of the statistics and to provide a brief description of the activities of banks in each country.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264580350
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Global Economy; Towards a Long Boom?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain ; vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global; Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Global Economy: Towards a Long Boom?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain : vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global: Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Die Welt steht heute an der Schwelle zu einer neuen Ära, in der die Chance einer lang anhaltenden Phase der Hochkonjunktur in den ersten Jahrzehnten des neuen Jahrtausends zum Greifen nahe sein wird. Das Zusammenwirken mehrerer Einflüsse – insbesondere der Übergang zu einer wissensbasierten Gesellschaft, die Globalisierung der Wirtschaft und das Streben nach ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit – könnte gewaltige Verbesserungen sowohl in bezug auf die Kapazitäten zur Schaffung von Wohlstand als auch für das weltweite Wohlergehen der Menschen mit sich bringen.Welche Weichenstellungen sind notwendig, damit diese Chance nicht ungenützt bleibt? Neue Institutionen werden gebraucht, um die internationalen Regeln und Rahmenbedingungen zu schaffen, die den Übergang zur wissensbasierten Gesellschaft erleichtern. Der Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die fundamentalen Antriebskräfte des gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Wandels von morgen. Er schätzt die Plausibilität des Eintretens in ein „Goldenes Zeitalter“ ein und analysiert die Politikerfordernisse, die zu seiner Verwirklichung notwendig sind.
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2000/04
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: The present note summarises the main findings of the research conducted under the auspices of the OECD/MOFTEC Co-operation Programme on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) between the fall 1999 and the spring 2000 on Main Determinants and Impacts of FDI on China’s Economy. The OECD/MOFTEC Co-operation Programme on FDI was established in the spring of 1999. The present study was one of the most important activities conducted during this initial phase of joint work. It will provide the analytical underpinning to the investment policy dialogue which both parties have agreed to pursue over the coming year. Because of its size, China’s “open door policy” launched twenty years ago constitutes a unique and vast laboratory for the study of major structural changes in China and the world economy. It also provides an opportunity to test the benefits and the shortcomings of the economic policies which have been followed by the Chinese authorities and identify the improvements that could be ...
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