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  • 2010-2014  (37)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (37)
  • Economics  (37)
  • Political Science  (2)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Greening Household Behaviour : The Role of Public Policy (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264096875
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politique de l'environnement et comportement des ménages
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greening household behaviour
    RVK:
    MF 9150
    RVK:
    QW 300
    Keywords: Konsumentenverhalten ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Umweltschutz ; Haushalt ; Privater Verbrauch ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Wirtschaftliches Verhalten ; Environment ; Australien ; Kanada ; Tschechien ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Mexiko ; Niederlande ; Industriestaaten ; Haushalt ; Privater Verbrauch ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Umweltbelastung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Developing growth strategies that promote greener lifestyles requires a good understanding of what factors affect people’s behaviour towards the environment. Recent OECD work based on periodic surveys of more than 10 000 households across a number of countries and areas represents a breakthrough by providing a common framework to collect unique empirical evidence for better policy design. This publication presents responses from the most recent round of the OECD survey implemented in 2011 in 5 areas (energy, food, transport, waste and water) and 11 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Analysis comparing the data across countries, policy conditions and households’ characteristics reveals which measures most effectively change behaviour. Each round of the survey also allows to track changes over time and to explore new emerging issues. The new survey confirms the importance of providing the right economic incentives for influencing our decisions. The findings indicate that “soft” measures such as labelling and public information campaigns also have a significant complementary role to play. Spurring desirable behaviour change requires a mix of these instruments. This book is a milestone for all those interested by the challenging question of ways to promote greener behaviour, from policy makers to individual citizens.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264096875-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Better Policies to Support Eco-innovation (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264096684
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better policies to support eco-innovation
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Keywords: Innovation ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Technologietransfer ; Umweltschutz ; Clean Development Mechanism ; Public Private Partnership ; Fallstudie ; Environment ; OECD ; Umwelttechnik ; Forschungsförderung
    Abstract: Eco-innovation is more important than ever on the public policy agenda. It is a major driver for green growth and contributes to the environmental performance and economic development of OECD and developing countries alike. This report takes a pragmatic approach to policies that support the development and diffusion of eco-innovation. Building on the OECD Innovation Strategy, it argues that eco-innovation is not merely about technological developments: non-technical innovations matter as well. It acknowledges that policies do not operate in a vacuum and that they must take account of the contexts that influence the development and diffusion of eco-innovation, such as market structures. It explores links between eco-innovation policies and related fields such as industry, competition, and international cooperation. This work builds on an OECD inventory of eco-innovation policies in OECD countries and in China. It also draws on studies of select environment-friendly innovations, highlighting different patterns of development across countries. It also incorporates extensive international consultation on the topics of eco-innovation and green growth. The results from this publication will contribute to the Green Growth Strategy being developed by the OECD as a practical policy package for governments to harness the potential of greener growth. For more information on OECD work on eco-innovation, visit: www.oecd.org/greengrowth www.oecd.org/environment/innovation www.oecd.org/sti/innovation/green
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264096684-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Moving Freight with Better Trucks : Improving Safety, Productivity and Sustainability (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102961
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Moving freight with better trucks
    RVK:
    QP 530
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report identifies potential improvements in terms of more effective safety and environmental regulation for trucks, backed by better systems of enforcement, and identifies opportunities for greater efficiency and higher productivity. The report is based on a review of literature, consultation among stakeholders, and research and analysis from working group members. It also presents the results of a comprehensive benchmarking study of 39 truck configurations in operation around the world – from typical workhorse vehicles to very high capacity vehicles – and assesses their performance in terms of dynamic stability, productivity and impact on the infrastructure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102961-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional Development Policies in OECD Countries (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264087255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regional development policies in OECD countries
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: Policy makers need both a handy reference guide to the regional policies of their own and other countries and a broader analysis of trends in regional policies, based on sound, comparable information. Regional Policies in OECD Countries responds to this need. It is the first systematic, comparative analysis of OECD countries’ regional policies. The report addresses fundamental regional policy concerns, such as: problem recognition; the objectives of regional policy; the legal/institutional framework; the urban/rural framework; budget structures; and the governance mechanisms linking national and sub-national governments as well as sectors. It begins with an overview of the regional policy today. This is followed by country profiles covering the 31 OECD members. The profiles share a common conceptual framework, allowing countries to see how their experiences measure up. The report also contains several annexes, which cover some of the countries that are candidates for accession to the OECD or with which the OECD has enhanced engagement. The annexes also cover the key topics of cross-border cooperation and trends in urban-rural linkages, especially efforts to control urban sprawl. The report will help countries to better understand regional policies and to formulate and diffuse horizontal policy recommendations. The analysis suggests an important role for regional policies in shaping sustainable endogenous development, in particular well-developed governance mechanisms to better respond to the different opportunities and demands of regions and to improve policy efficiency. This report is a unique source of regional policy information and of special interest to policy makers, researchers, and others engaging with regional development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264087255-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taxation, Innovation and the Environment (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264087637
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxation, Innovation and the Environment; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La fiscalité, l'innovation et l'environnement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxation, Innovation and the Environment: (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Taxation, innovation and the environment
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Ökosteuer ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Emissionshandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Taxation ; Umweltabgabe ; Umweltschutz ; Innovation ; Umweltpolitik ; Umweltsteuer ; Innovationsförderung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Solving the world’s environmental problems could take a significant toll on economic growth if only today’s technologies are available. We know that innovation – the creation and adoption of new cleaner technologies and know-how – provides a means to achieve local and global environmental goals at significantly lower costs. Innovation is also a major driver of economic growth. OECD governments are increasingly using environmentally related taxes because they are typically one of the most effective policy tools available. Exploring the relationship between environmentally related taxation and innovation is critical to understanding the full impacts of this policy instrument as well as one potential facet of “green growth.” By putting a price on pollution, do environmentally related taxes spur innovation? What types of innovation result? Does the design of the tax play a critical role? What is the effect of this innovation? In analysing these questions, this report draws on case studies that cover Japan, Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Israel and others. It covers a wide set of environmental issues and technologies, as well as the economic and policy contexts. The research methods range from econometric analysis to interviews with business owners and executives. The report also explores the use of environmentally related taxes in OECD countries and outlines considerations for policymakers when implementing these taxes. Green growth policies can stimulate economic growth while preventing environmental degradation, biodiversity loss and unsustainable natural resource use. The results from this publication will contribute to the Green Growth Strategy being developed by the OECD as a practical policy package for governments to harness the potential of greener growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264087637-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Better Regulation in Europe: Belgium 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264087859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 430
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Belgien ; Governance ; Belgium ; Belgien ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Belgium, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264087859-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Eco-Innovation in Industry : Enabling Green Growth (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'éco-innovation dans l'industrie ; favoriser la croissance verte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'éco-innovation dans l'industrie : favoriser la croissance verte
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Eco-innovation in industry
    RVK:
    AR 28300
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Industrie ; Innovationsmanagement ; Umwelttechnik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Industrie ; Nachhaltigkeit ; OECD
    Abstract: Eco-innovation will be a key driver of industry efforts to tackle climate change and realise “green growth” in the post-Kyoto era. Eco-innovation calls for faster introduction of breakthrough technologies and for more systemic application of available solutions, including non-technological ones. It also offers opportunities to involve new players, develop new industries and increase competitiveness. Structural change in economies will be imperative in coming decades. This book presents the research and analysis carried out during the first phase of the OECD Project on Sustainable Manufacturing and Eco-innovation. Its aim is to provide benchmarking tools on sustainable manufacturing and to spur eco-innovation through better understanding of innovation mechanisms. It reviews the concepts and forms an analytical framework; analyses the nature and processes of eco-innovation; discusses existing sustainable manufacturing indicators; examines methodologies for measuring eco-innovation; and takes stock of national strategies and policy initiatives for eco-innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077225-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Choosing a Broad Base - Low Rate Approach to Taxation (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264091320
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.19
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cebreiro, Ana Choosing a broad base - low rate approach to taxation
    RVK:
    QL 400
    Keywords: Steuerreform ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Steuervergünstigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Steuerpolitik ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Konsolidierung ; Steuerreform ; Besteuerungsgrundlage ; Steuersatz ; Bemessung
    Abstract: Many countries will likely face the need to increase tax revenues, as part of fiscal consolidation, during the next few years. But how is this best done? And what are the considerations when choosing between raising tax rates and broadening the tax base by scaling back or abolishing targeted tax provisions (such as allowances, exemptions and preferential rates)? This report aims to answer such questions by taking a close look at the economic and political factors that influence governments’ tax decisions. Although many countries have broadened their tax bases over the past 30 years, targeted tax provisions, notably tax expenditures, continue to be significant. Like public expenditure, targeted tax reliefs mean that (other) tax rates need to be higher in order to finance these reliefs. This report therefore discusses whether such tax provisions continue to be worthwhile. It includes an annex covering country-specific revenue forgone estimates of tax expenditures for selected OECD countries. This report also identifies political factors, including the lobbying of influential interest groups, as the main obstacles to base-broadening reforms, and it considers how reforms can be best packaged and presented to overcome such obstacles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264091320-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Better Regulation in Europe: Germany 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264085886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bessere Rechtsetzung in Europa; Deutschland 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bessere Rechtsetzung in Europa: Deutschland 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 215
    RVK:
    QR 300
    RVK:
    PL 387
    RVK:
    PI 3090
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Deutschland ; Governance ; Germany ; Deutschland ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Germany, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264085886-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Post-Public Employment : Good Practices for Preventing Conflict of Interest (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'emploi d'après mandat ; Bonnes pratiques en matière de prévention des conflits d'intérêts
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'emploi d'après mandat : Bonnes pratiques en matière de prévention des conflits d'intérêts
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Post-public employment
    RVK:
    QV 200
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Sektor ; Privatwirtschaft ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Verwaltung ; Arbeitnehmer ; Berufliche Mobilität ; Privatwirtschaft
    Abstract: The movement of personnel between employment in the public and private sectors, referred to as the “revolving door” phenomenon, raises particular attention in the context of the response of governments to the financial and economic crisis. This OECD survey of 30 member countries shows that the vast majority of countries have established basic standards for preventing post-public employment conflict of interest. But few have tailored these standards to address risk areas and professions such as regulators or public procurement officials. Enforcing standards and imposing suitable sanctions remains a challenge for many countries. The principles presented in this volume serve as a point of reference for policy makers and managers to review and modernise post-public employment policies. It is part of the pathfinding efforts of the OECD to promote public sector integrity for cleaner, fairer and stronger economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056701-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Better Regulation in Europe: Austria 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264094772
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 460
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Österreich ; Governance ; Austria ; Österreich ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Austria, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264094772-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Better Regulation in Europe: Spain 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264095076
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 520
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Spanien ; Governance ; Spain ; Spanien ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Spain, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264095076-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Better Regulation in Europe: Netherlands 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264084568
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 430
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Niederlande ; Governance ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Regulierung ; Volkswirtschaft
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for the Netherlands, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264084568-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Obesity and the Economics of Prevention : Fit not Fat (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264084865
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'obésité et l'économie de la prévention ; Objectif santé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'obésité et l'économie de la prévention : Objectif santé
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sassi, Franco Obesity and the economics of prevention
    RVK:
    QX 705
    Keywords: Körpergewicht ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Übergewicht ; Wirtschaftliche Situation ; Prävention ; Fettsucht ; Prävention ; Gesundheitsökonomie
    Abstract: Before 1980, rates were generally well below 10%. They have since doubled or tripled in many countries, and in almost half of the OECD, 50% or more of the population is overweight. A key risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, obesity is a major public health concern. This book contributes to evidence-based policy making by exploring multiple dimensions of the obesity problem. It examines the scale and characteristics of the epidemic, the respective roles and influence of market forces and governments, and the impact of interventions. It outlines an economic approach to the prevention of chronic diseases that provides novel insights relative to a more traditional public health approach. The analysis was undertaken by the OECD, partly in collaboration with the World Health Organization. The main chapters are complemented by special contributions from health and obesity experts, including Marc Suhrcke, Tim Lobstein, Donald Kenkel and Francesco Branca. “a valuable set of results and suggestions about the best preventive interventions to reduce the burden of obesity.” – Julio Frenk, Dean, Harvard School of Public Health “The positive message of this book is that the obesity epidemic can be successfully addressed.” – Ala Alwan, Assistant Director-General, World Health Organization “innovative and well-researched” – Martin McKee, Professor, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine "A timely, valuable volume on a critical issue. Highly recommended."-Choice, July 2011
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264084865-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Value for Money in Health Spending (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088818
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Optimiser les dépenses de santé
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Value for money in health spending
    RVK:
    QX 705
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Gesundheitsausgaben ; Reform ; Kostendämpfung
    Abstract: Health spending continues to rise inexorably, growing faster than the economy in most OECD countries. Most of this spending comes from the public purse. Given the recent economic downturn, countries are looking for ways to improve the efficiency of health spending. This publication examines current efforts to improve health care efficiency, including tools that show promise in helping health systems provide the best care for their money, such as pay for performance, co-ordination of care, health technology assessment and clinical guidelines, pharmaceutical re-imbursement and risk-sharing agreements, and information and communication technology.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088818-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Better Regulation in Europe: Portugal 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264084575
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 520
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Portugal ; Governance ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Regulierung ; Volkswirtschaft
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Portugal, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264084575-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Better Regulation in Europe: Denmark 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264084551
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 440
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Dänemark ; Governance ; Denmark ; Dänemark ; Regulierung ; Volkswirtschaft
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Denmark, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264084551-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Open for Business : Migrant Entrepreneurship in OECD Countries (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264095830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Open for business
    RVK:
    QP 380
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Keywords: Unternehmer ; Unternehmensgründung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Entrepreneurship ; Einwanderer ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Migrants contribute to the economic growth of their host countries in many ways, bringing new skills and competencies with them and helping to reduce labour shortages. An aspect that has received only limited attention up to now is migrants’ contribution to entrepreneurial activity and employment creation in their host countries. In OECD countries, entrepreneurship is slightly higher among immigrants than natives and the total number of persons employed in migrant businesses is substantial, although the survival rate of these businesses is often lower than that of their native counterparts. Migrant entrepreneurship has gone beyond traditional ethnic businesses, into a wide range of sectors and innovative areas. Greater knowledge of migrant entrepreneurship is essential if policy makers are to better support migrant enterprises and their role in economic growth and job creation. In addition, increasing awareness of the positive role that migrants can play as entrepreneurs could contribute to a more balanced public debate on immigration. Taking a cross-country perspective, this publication sheds light on these issues and more, discussing policy options to foster the development and success of migrant businesses. It is a compilation of papers presented at a June 2010 conference organised by the OECD Secretariat, with the financial support of the Swedish and Turkish authorities, and the Dutch-Turkish Businessmen Association (HOTIAD).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264095830-en
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  • 19
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    Better Regulation in Europe: Ireland 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264095090
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 410
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Irland ; Governance ; Ireland ; Irland ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for the Ireland, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264095090-en
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  • 20
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    Better Regulation in Europe: Finland 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264085626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 440
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Finnland ; Governance ; Finland ; Finnland ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Finland, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264085626-en
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  • 21
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    Online Resource
    Better Regulation in Europe: France 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264086968
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux légiférer en Europe ; France 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux légiférer en Europe : France 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 420
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Frankreich ; Governance ; France ; Frankreich ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for France, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264086968-en
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  • 22
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    Health Care Systems : Efficiency and Policy Settings (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264094901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes de santé ; efficacité et politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes de santé : efficacité et politiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Health care systems
    RVK:
    QX 705
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; Gesundheitspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik
    Abstract: People in OECD countries are healthier than ever before, as shown by longer life expectancy and lower mortality for diseases such as cancer. At the same time, total spending on health care now absorbs over 9% of GDP on average in the OECD. Achieving value for money in the health care sector is an important objective in all OECD countries. The book takes an in-depth look at health care in OECD countries today. What is the status of people’s health? How do we measure health outcomes? How do we assess the efficiency of health care systems? How are health policies and institutions linked with the performance of health care systems? The chapters explore the answers to such questions. They cover: trends in health care outcomes and spending; ways of assessing efficiency; new indicators of health care policies and institutions; and the characteristics and performance of health care systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264094901-en
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  • 23
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    Better Regulation in Europe: Luxembourg 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264095113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux légiférer en Europe ; Luxembourg 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux légiférer en Europe : Luxembourg 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 430
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Luxemburg ; Governance ; Luxembourg ; Luxemburg ; Wirtschaft ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Luxembourg, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264095113-en
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  • 24
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    OECD Principles of Occupational Pension Regulation : Methodology for Assessment and Implementation (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264087095
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE sur la réglementation des pensions professionnelles ; Méthodologie pour l'évaluation et la mise en œuvre
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE sur la réglementation des pensions professionnelles : Méthodologie pour l'évaluation et la mise en œuvre
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD principles of occupational pension regulation
    RVK:
    QV 596
    Keywords: Betriebliche Altersversorgung ; Regulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Betriebliche Altersversorgung ; OECD ; Evaluation
    Abstract: Occupational pensions play a major role in OECD countries and worldwide, complementing retirement income from state sources. At the end of 2009, private pension savings reached USD 25 trillion. Population ageing has led many OECD countries to undertake a wide range of pension reforms – the overall effect of which has been to reduce public pension promises and, in turn, to increase the importance of private pension savings for retirement. The Core Principles cover seven key areas: i) Conditions for effective regulation and supervision; ; ii) Establishment of pension plans, pension funds, and pension fund managing companies; iii) Pension plan liabilities, funding rules, winding up, and insurance; iv) Asset Management; v) Rights of members and beneficiaries and adequacy of benefits; vi) Governance; and vii) Supervision. Each of the seven core principles consists of a main text and a set of implementing guidelines. In the case of the core principle of supervision, the supporting guidelines integrate the IOPS Principles of Private Pension Supervision. The Methodology provides a structured approach for evaluating a jurisdiction’s occupational pension regulatory system in relation to the OECD Core Principles of Occupational Pension Regulation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264087095-en
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  • 25
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    OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: Catalonia, Spain 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264082052
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Catalonia, Spain
    RVK:
    QG 520
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Katalonien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Katalonien ; Innovationsförderung
    Abstract: This review of regional innovation assesses how to improve Catalonia's current strategy and actions in order to boost its innovation system through both its own programmes and those of Spain and the European Union. It finds that with over seven million inhabitants and a GDP of around EUR 204 billion, Catalonia is not only an important region within Spain, but within the OECD as well. Indeed, its economic output is similar to countries like Portugal and Norway. The region experienced massive population growth over the past decade, due to immigration, which in part drove GDP growth. However, Catalonia’s productivity is slipping, relative to other OECD regions, necessitating the transition to a productivity-driven growth model through a stronger regional innovation system. The region has successfully strengthened its research base, with investments in R&D having increased four-fold over the past decade. Catalonia is now mobilising actors across the innovation system in regional centres, such as Barcelona, to improve productivity and address social challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264082052-en
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  • 26
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    Innovation and the Development Agenda (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088924
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation and the development agenda
    RVK:
    QG 700
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Innovation ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Entwicklungsländer ; Afrika ; Innovationsförderung ; Technologiepolitik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: Innovation drives long-term economic growth. It has a crucial role to play as global economies recover from the current financial crisis. This book examines the role of innovation in developing countries, with a focus on Africa. It investigates innovation systems and their application; the key role of knowledge in innovation for development; and the importance of comparable country studies and official statistics on innovation. It stresses the need for innovation to become part of a comprehensive development agenda, and makes recommendations for promoting activities in both the formal and informal sectors, with the aim of transforming agriculture into a knowledge-based industry capable of stimulating economic growth. Innovation and the Development Agenda is an important component of the overall OECD Innovation Strategy, which seeks to create stronger and more sustainable growth, while addressing the key global challenges of the 21st century. It is also part of the Innovation, Technology, and Society programme of IDRC. For more information on IDRC programmes see www.idrc.ca.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088924-en
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  • 27
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    Supporting Investment Policy and Governance Reforms in Iraq (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development in the Middle East and North Africa
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Supporting investment policy and governance reforms in Iraq
    RVK:
    QG 810
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Investitionsrecht ; Internationales Investitionsrecht ; Korruption ; Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Irak ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Iraq ; Irak ; Investitionspolitik ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Internationale Politik
    Abstract: This publication reviews measures taken to support investment policy and governance reforms in Iraq. It finds that Iraqi parliamentary elections, held without major security incidents in March 2010, are the latest in a series of indicators suggesting that the country may be achieving greater stability in governance and security - a key prerequisite for foreign and domestic investment, growth and job creation. Furthermore, the business environment is gradually improving as a result of an ongoing institutional capacity building process supported by the international community. The MENA-OECD Initiative on Governance and Investment for Development is part of this effort, playing a key role in building the capacity of the National Investment Commission and its one-stop shop for investment licensing. The Initiative has helped raise awareness on corruption and bribery issues, provided training for the negotiators of international agreements, and advised on implementing regulations for the landmark Investment Law of 2006. This publication examines these issues, and MENA-OECD involvement in advancing them, for the period 2007-2008.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077256-en
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  • 28
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    Trade and Economic Effects of Responses to the Economic Crisis (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trade and economic effects of responses to the economic crisis
    RVK:
    QM 200
    Keywords: Finanzkrise ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Welthandel ; Handelsvolumen ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Geschichte 2009
    Abstract: The dramatic collapse in world trade in 2009 is, this report shows, mainly due to: the drop in demand for highly traded products; the drying up of trade finance; and the vertically integrated nature of global supply chains. Contrary to expectations, protectionist measures were relatively muted and did not play a significant part. In fact, because of their sheer size, stimulus measures may have had more impact on trade than direct trade policy measures Nevertheless, dollar for dollar, direct trade restricting measures have the most strongly negative impacts on growth and employment: a one dollar increase in tariff revenues results in a USD 2.16 drop in world exports and a USD 0.73 drop in world income. The analyses presented here suggest that exit strategies from measures to deal with the crisis will be most effective in boosting growth and jobs if they first roll back measures that discriminate between domestic and foreign firms and those that target specific sectors. General demand stimulus measures and active labour market policies are preferable under current conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088436-en
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  • 29
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    Paying for Biodiversity : Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264090279
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité ; Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Romanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité : Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Romanian version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Karousakis, Katia Paying for biodiversity
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Umwelt ; Umweltökonomik ; Umweltpolitik ; Kosten-Wirksamkeits-Analyse ; Environment ; Biodiversität ; Umweltpolitik ; Umweltökonomie
    Abstract: Biodiversity and ecosystem services provide tangible benefits for society, such as food provisioning, water purification, genetic resources or climate regulation. These services provide critical life support functions and contribute to human health, well being and economic growth. Yet biodiversity is declining worldwide and, in some areas, this loss is accelerating. The need for policies that promote the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services is more important than ever. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) is a direct and flexible incentive-based mechanism under which the user or beneficiary of an ecosystem service makes a direct payment to an individual or community whose land use decisions have an impact on the ecosystem service provision. Interest in PES has been increasing rapidly over the past decade: PES are proliferating worldwide and there are already more than 300 programmes in place today at national, regional and local levels. Drawing on the literature concerning effective PES and on more than 30 case studies from both developed and developing countries, this book aims to identify good practice in the design and implementation of PES programmes so as to enhance their environmental and cost effectiveness. It addresses the following questions: Why are PES useful and how do they work? How can they be made most effective environmentally and how can their cost-effectiveness be maximised? What are the different potential sources of finance for PES programmes, and how can they be secured? and What are the lessons learned from existing PES programmes and insights for future programmes, including international PES?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264090279-en
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  • 30
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    Denmark: Efficient e-Government for Smarter Public Service Delivery (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264087118
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Denmark
    RVK:
    MF 7350
    RVK:
    QQ 000
    Keywords: E-Government ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Dänemark ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Denmark ; Dänemark ; E-Government ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Effizienz
    Abstract: This review is the first to analyse e-government at the country level using a revised framework designed to capture the new challenges faced by countries today. It highlights the richness of initiatives and actions taken by Denmark in relation to a number of areas, including the impact of e-government on public sector modernisation and efficiency efforts, the impact of e-government organisational structure and arrangements on e-government development and administration, the need to address issues related to user take-up and the assessment of benefits realisation of e-government projects. As these are not unique to Denmark, but are commonly shared by a number of OECD countries, the study provides useful tools to support e-government policy making in all OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264087118-en
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  • 31
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    Better Regulation in Europe: United Kingdom 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264084490
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    QG 410
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Großbritannien ; Governance ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Regulierung ; Volkswirtschaft
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for the United Kingdom, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264084490-en
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  • 32
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    Addressing Tax Risks Involving Bank Losses (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088689
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Addressing tax risks involving bank losses
    RVK:
    QL 400
    Keywords: Bank ; Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Verlust ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Finanzkrise ; Bank ; Verlustrealisation ; Steuerwirkung
    Abstract: The financial and economic crisis had a devastating impact on bank profits, with loss-making banks reporting global commercial losses of around USD 400 billion in 2008. This comprehensive report sets the market context for bank losses and provides an overview of the tax treatment of such losses in 17 OECD countries; describes the tax risks that arise in relation to bank losses from the perspective of both banks and revenue bodies; outlines the incentives that give rise to those risks; and describes the tools revenue bodies have to manage these potential compliance risks. It concludes with recommendations for revenue bodies and for banks on how risks involving bank losses can best be managed and reduced.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088689-en
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  • 33
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    Stimulating Low-Carbon Vehicle Technologies (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.148
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stimuler les technologies pour les véhicules à faibles émissions de carbone
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Transport ; Kraftfahrzeug ; Kohlendioxidbelastung
    Abstract: Governments around the world are increasingly intervening in automobile markets to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions of CO2 from new vehicles. This report reviews the rationale for such intervention and examines measures for maximum effectiveness and minimum cost. The Round Table brought together economists, policy makers and auto engineers with the aim of advancing understanding of why car markets currently fail to deliver sufficient fuel economy. It started by questioning whether any additional measures would be necessary once an appropriate price for carbon dioxide is established via fuel taxes. It confirmed that there are indeed market imperfections that merit additional government intervention. Fuel economy and CO2 regulations are an essential part of the package. The key to maximising the benefits of such regulations is long-term planning. The longer the timeframe, the less industry investment is handicapped by uncertainty. Subsidies to electric vehicles are more problematic because of the risks of prematurely picking winning technologies and creating subsidy dependence. And electricity production has yet to be decarbonised. However, intervention to steer innovation in this direction is merited so long as the risks of not attaining climate policy targets are seen as higher than the risks of intervention.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102978-en
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  • 34
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    Implementing Congestion Charges (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102855
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.147
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mettre en œuvre la tarification de la congestion
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Transport ; Straßenbenutzungsgebühr
    Abstract: Recent advances in the scientific understanding of urban traffic congestion have only strengthened the already solid case for congestion charges as an element of a successful urban transport policy. But examples of real-world congestion charging systems remain few and far between. What can be done to improve the chances of their more widespread adoption in practice? This report draws lessons from attempts to introduce congestion charges. Technology is not an obstacle, and technologies should serve policy purposes instead of define them. Charging systems are not cheap and thus should only be used where congestion is severe. Public acceptance is seen to be the key to successful implementation. Although environmental benefits and careful deployment of toll revenues may improve acceptance, a charging system should never lose sight of its principal aim, which is to reduce congestion.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102855-en
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  • 35
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    Tax Policy Reform and Economic Growth (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264091085
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.20
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tax policy reform and economic growth
    RVK:
    QL 400
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Steuerreform ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Steuer ; Steuerpolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: In the wake of the recent financial and economic crisis, many OECD countries face the challenge of restoring public finances while still supporting growth. This report investigates how tax structures can best be designed to support GDP per capita growth. The analysis suggests a tax and economic growth ranking order according to which corporate taxes are the most harmful type of tax for economic growth, followed by personal income taxes and then consumption taxes, with recurrent taxes on immovable property being the least harmful tax. Growth-oriented tax reform measures include tax base broadening and a reduction in the top marginal personal income tax rates. Some degree of support for R&D through the tax system may help to increase private spending on innovation. But implementing pro-growth tax reforms may not be easy. This report identifies those public and political economy tax reform strategies that will allow policy makers to reconcile differing tax policy objectives and overcome obstacles to reform. It stresses that with clear vision, strong leadership and solid tax policy analysis, growth-oriented tax reform can indeed be realised.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264091085-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy : Public Goals and Corporate Practices (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264090231
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La transition vers une économie sobre en carbone ; objectifs publics et pratiques des entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La transition vers une économie sobre en carbone : objectifs publics et pratiques des entreprises
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Transition to a low-carbon economy
    RVK:
    QT 800
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Umweltmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Umweltbezogenes Management ; Klimaänderung
    Abstract: Companies are increasingly aware of the need to address climate change. However, while many companies are taking action to address climate change, many others are still lagging behind. This report surveys responsible business practices addressing climate change and driving the shift to a low-carbon economy. It summarises policies, regulations and other instruments in support of a low carbon economy in OECD countries and emerging economies, and analyses corporate responses to these drivers. Using the principles of responsible business conduct identified in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, this report reviews three key areas of corporate action: accounting for greenhouse gas emissions; achieving emissions reductions; and engaging suppliers, consumers and other stakeholders.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264090231-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impacts of Nanotechnology on Companies : Policy Insights from Case Studies (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264094635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD The impacts of nanotechnology on companies
    RVK:
    QR 525
    Keywords: Nanotechnologie ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Technologiepolitik ; Innovationsmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Nanotechnologie ; Markt ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Nanotechnology has its origin in the converging abilities of physics, chemistry and materials science. Its purpose is the manipulation of atoms and molecules in order to create new properties of materials and systems for a wide variety of applications in a very broad range of sectors. Nanotechnology is forecast to create large markets and many new jobs and may be the springboard for industrial renewal and long-term growth. Governments around the world have targeted this emerging technology in their R&D investments and are strategising about the best ways to promote the responsible development and use of nanotechnology given the absence of any in-depth analysis of its commercialisation. What are the potential economic impacts of nanotechnology, how are companies using nanotechnology for innovation, and what are the key challenges in its commercialisation? These are some of the issues that this book addresses, based on a large number of company case studies in several countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264094635-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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