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  • 2015-2019  (363)
  • World Bank  (363)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: The skills for tomorrow's Jobs in Bangladesh attempts to address key skills challenges and identifyopportunities in the backdrop of fast technological and economic changes. It proposes mid to long-term strategic policy options that would contribute to economic growth and job creation in Bangladesh with a focus on post-secondary education and skills development sectors. It aims to inform the Government and the World Bank's jobs agenda. The study draws upon relevant literatures from international and national sources, the government's surveys and education statistics, and analytical works undertaken by the World Bank and other agencies. Moreover, the study was extensively informed and guided by knowledge and insights gathered through the experience from the World Bank funded operations and series of consultations on skills for future jobs with relevant stakeholders in Bangladesh
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: This report reviews South Africa's recent economic and social developments. It underlines that South Africa's current economic rebound may not be sustained if the fundamental factors undermining its growth potential are not boldly addressed. This includes in particular income inequality, which fuels resource contestation, policy uncertainty and scare private investors of seeing their investments overly taxed and expropriated. Nevertheless, inequalities are increasingly driven by labor markets developments, as opposed to race or location of origin. Policy actions could accelerate a projected decline in inequalities resulting from greater access to education. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium, the report simulates a number of policy scenarios until 2030. Simulation results suggests that continuing to address corruption, restoring policy certainty in mining, improving the competitiveness of strategic state-owned enterprises, further exposing South Africa's large conglomerates to foreign competition, and facilitating skilled immigration would raise labor demand and create the fiscal space needed to eventually build labor supply from the poor population through education and spatial integration reforms. By 2030, extreme poverty could be almost eradicated and inequalities significantly reduced. And as inequalities decline, the social contract would strengthen and likely encourage further private investment - a possibility not captured in the simulations
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Knowledge Economy Study
    Abstract: Coding bootcamps are intensive short-term programs designed to train participants in programming skills to make them immediately employable. They combine characteristics of traditional vocational training programs with the intensity of military bootcamps for new recruits, intermingling socio emotional and tech skills learning in an intense and experiential manner, in what could be referred to as skills accelerators. The authors refer to coding bootcamps in this report as the ready-to-work model. The initiative aims to collect and share examples and lessons of bootcamps in emerging markets, and measure the impact of bootcamp training on youth employment in selected countries. The program seeks to establish a framework of best practice for future projects in technology upskilling in the developing world. This report highlights the results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) carried out in Medellin (Colombia), complemented with qualitative studies in Beirut (Lebanon) and Nairobi (Kenya). This report is arranged as follows: Chapter 1 starts with introduction; Chapter 2 describes the intervention in Medellin,including the experimental allocation of training slots to the bootcamp; Chapters 3 and 4 present the qualitative studies in Beirut and Nairobi; The main findings from the three interventions are presented in Chapter 5; and lessons for future impact evaluations are described in Chapter 6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464812798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Narayan, Ambar, author Fair progress?
    DDC: 331.12/72
    Keywords: Income ; Occupational mobility ; Social mobility
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The Economic Update (SEU) evaluates the recent (2016-17) growth performance and macroeconomic policies in Senegal, thus providing a basis for the policy dialog with the Government and other stakeholders. The first section of the Economic Update evaluates the drivers of growth and the macroeconomic framework. Three-year perspectives are also included, underlining risks and challenges. The second section evaluates the agricultural sector in more detail focusing on the recent evolution of the agriculture sector and on the impact of public sector involvement
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: In 2017, the Philippines was among the top three growth performers in the East Asia region. Only Vietnam and China performed better. The Philippines growth performance slightly weakened in 2017 to 6.7 percent year-on-year from 6.9 percent in 2016. Growth was anchored in strong exports, while investment growth significantly slowed and consumption growth moderated. The Philippines' annual exports rose sharply in 2017 and became the main engine of economic growth, while imports continued to grow by double-digits. Investment growth slowed in 2017, following two consecutive years of rapid expansion, and climbing inflation slowed real wage growth and contributed to a moderation in private consumption growth
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Water Papers
    Abstract: The report is an advocacy piece to raise awareness around the need to shift the typical way urban water has been managed and to share emerging principles and solutions that may improve urban water supply security in water scarce cities. It aims to promote successes, outline challenges and principles, and extract key lessons learned for future efforts. It builds on the experiences of over 20 water scarce cities and territories from five continents, which represent a diversity of situations and development levels. This report argues that WSS service providers, policy makers, and practitioners should look at their mandate and responsibilities in a new light, and seek to embrace integrated water resources management considerations. Drawing from successful experiences from around the world, it extracts several underlying management principles applied by effective utilities. The report then aims to demystify solutions to address urban water scarcity, comparing and contrasting related institutional, technological, economic and social aspects. It then concludes with cross-cutting considerations relevant to planners, water operators and policy makers of water scarce cities
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464812828
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Moving for prosperity: global migration and labor markets
    DDC: 331.6/2
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Economic aspects ; Emigration and immigration Government policy ; Foreign workers ; Labor market ; Labor mobility
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Abstract: Vietnam has achieved remarkable success in reducing poverty while controlling inequality. The country's broad-based growth reflects the government's focus on developing labor-intensive export sectors while investing heavily in human capital that saw the country exceed its peers. However, gains have been concentrated among the Kinh and Hoa ethnic majority, while minority groups have not only continued to experience poverty rates far above the national average, but have seen slower progress too. This report analyzes recent trends in poverty and shared prosperity. It presents the findings of the 2016 Vietnam household and living standards survey (VHLSS), highlighting important progress and identifying new challenges. The report is organized into two main sections. The first section reviews Vietnam's progress in reducing poverty and promoting share prosperity. It describes updated poverty and shared prosperity trends, the nature of economic mobility, and the drivers of poverty reduction. The second section - titled leaving no one behind is more forward-looking, starting by identifying major constraints faced by the poor, then proceeding to lay out challenges for moving the poverty and shared prosperity agenda going forward
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Industrial production and services growth remained resilient. Inflation has accelerated, primarily due to supply shocks. Monetary policy has been accommodative. Financial sector vulnerability is rising. With a tightening of prudential controls, lending rates are back to double digits. Despite significant recovery in both exports and remittances, the current account deficit widened sharply, driven by a surge in imports. The overall balance of payments swung into deficit for the first time since FY11. Consequently, the exchange rate has depreciated. Interventions to smoothen exchange rate adjustments have eroded foreign exchange reserves. The fiscal deficit has been contained as weak revenue growth was counterbalanced by even weaker growth in expenditures. GDP growth is projected in the 6.5-7 percent range in the medium-term, while macro stability will require heightened vigilance. Poverty reduction has continued but slowed. The amount of poverty reduction achieved by each percent of growth fell by a third. Extreme poverty is projected to fall modestly to 11-12 percent in the medium-term. Downside risks center on the solvency of banks and the run-up to elections elevating instability and policy uncertainty. Going forward, investment and innovation enabling reforms will be key to accelerating development progress
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: In order to understand a country as large and diverse as Russia, it is extremely important to consider spatial patterns of economic development. As Russia looks for new drivers of economic growth, it is important to understand the structural conditions that have defined economic development in Russia's regions. This report uses the Economic Potential Index (EPI) methodology to identify the conditions that drive regional development. Economic potential is the level of productivity that is possible for a region to achieve given its structural endowments, which are characteristics that are hard to alter in the short run. The methodology used in this report combines quantitative analysis of drivers of productivity across regions with in-depth case studies that focus on the role of regional governments and institutions in converting endowments into economic outcomes. This methodology generates insights that are relevant for both national and regional governments. The first chapter of this report provides an overview of regional development in Russia over the last 25 years and identifies "Russia-specific" national structural conditions that may affect regional development. The second chapter discusses the results of an assessment of economic potential at the regional level and the factors that shape it in Russia. The third chapter focuses on the role of national and regional governance, policy, and institutions in promoting economic development of the regions. The final chapter proposes policy priorities for both regional and national authorities
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Abstract: At present rates, the global 2030 Universal Health Coverage (UHC) targets under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals will not be met. Urgent action is needed to speed progress in the two dimensions of UHC, health service coverage and financial protection, and to ensure that no one is left behind. What can be done? First, countries can learn from past experience. This report identifies a set of factors common among countries that made outstanding progress on selected service coverage and financial protection indicators between 2000 and 2015. By adapting proven approaches to their own settings, and by addressing stubborn implementation bottlenecks, countries can accelerate progress towards UHC. Second, even as they benefit from models of success, countries must prepare to manage deeper health system transformation now on the horizon. Spurred by economic, technological, demographic, and epidemiologic forces, these transformations will reshape the landscape in which countries pursue their 2030 UHC goals, creating new risks but also opportunities
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Europe and Central Asia Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Public concerns in Europe and Central Asia over the recent sharp increase in asylum seekers and undocumented migrants seem to reflect a broader anxiety about reduced job security, caused by technological developments and internationalization of production and work. Policy reforms should help both migrants and non-migrants cope with increased and unavoidable flexibility in labor markets
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of the Comoros public expenditure and fiscal management review is to assist the Government of Comoros in strengthening the basis for the management of its public expenditure program. The review takes stock of expenditure trends and the systems governing public spending, with an emphasis on strengthening fiscal sustainability, budget credibility and strengthening fiscal management in the electricity and service delivery sectors
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report develops innovative bond structures that respond to challenges currently limiting the financing of forest-based NDC activities, with the intention to catalyze significant increases in financing flows. The report sets out a detailed shortlist of three potential enhanced bond structures, which have the potential to catalyze funding across the gamut of forest-based nationally determined contribution (NDC) activities. The focus is on bond structures that blend donor-funded performance-based payments (PBP) alongside some upfront grant funding to improve the financial performance of the use of proceeds for issuers, and hence enable larger-scale financing from capital markets
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Bulgaria's housing sector provides a window into the broader issues of the country's social, and economic transformation. This process has been difficult, and, as was the case in many transition countries, one of the main problem areas has been the housing sector. While the government has played an active role in reforming the housing sector since 2004, and continued with initiatives to improve energy efficiency in residential buildings, new sectoral problems have emerged. Vacancy rates are extremely high, affordability concerns have intensified, and household mobility is one of the lowest among transition countries. As a result, the government is about to embark on a housing strategy, one that seeks to address the emerging issues with a particular emphasis on how this sector's functioning interacts with and affects the broader economy. This rapid assessment of Bulgaria's housing sector attempts to inform the country's forthcoming strategy. It brings together information on how the sector has performed, and relies upon the international experience, and particularly the experience of other transition economies, to set the stage for the prospective Strategy's deeper probe. Bulgaria followed a Soviet style planning approach that created one of the world's most over industrialized economies. In following this approach, it expanded many cities to service what are now bankrupt heavy industries. The result is that today the employment prospects in many locations remain dim, particularly where state-owned factories of the old regime have closed. This has resulted in massive population shifts, with some villages and towns facing complete abandonment. The country has a large ageing population, and is also experiencing one of the world's sharpest reductions in population. Population has declined by almost 20 percent since 1989, and this trend is likely to intensify over the next two decades
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This financial sector assessment (FSA) summarizes the key findings and recommendations of the 2016 FSAP update report for Mexico. Mexico's economic growth has been steady and inflation remained low despite a significant depreciation of the exchange rate in the last 18 months.The medium term outlook for the Mexican economy foresees stable growth and inflation. After several years of contained growth, commercial bank credit grew by 14 percent in 2015, albeit from a very low base.Nonfinancial sector balance sheets show little sign of stress.Key risks to the macroeconomic outlook are mostly external in nature and stem from the close connection to US markets, the dependency on oil revenues, and potential resurgence of market volatility. A comprehensive financial reform was approved in November 2013 with the objective of increasing the financial sector's contribution to economic growth. The financial reform encompassed revisions to the banking law and other legislation to encourage credit expansion. This entailed a more active role of development banks in extending credit and measures to ensure that private financial institutions would channel credit to productive activities
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report presents new insights on the availability and demand for skills, drawing on two innovative surveys: a household level survey to measure the supply of skills in the adult population, and an employer survey to measure demand for skills. The key message coming from these two surveys is that there is indeed a significant skills gap in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and that closing this gap will be beneficial to workers, firms, and the economy. Skills development systems in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia are not equitable, and especially those of non-Macedonian ethnicity lack access to skills development and higher skilled jobs. Access to education still differs significantly across ethnic groups, and the gap does not appear to fall over time. Some more vulnerable groups in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia consequently accumulate fewer skills - even elementary skills such as basic literacy - and have less access to skilled jobs. The skills development system of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia will be strengthened by stronger coordination and collaboration between these different actors. Tax exemptions and other forms of financial incentives could be used to encourage firms to train their work force. However, policy could also focus on connecting employers and educational institutions better, by establishing coordination mechanisms and supporting industrial associations. As part of this agenda, it would be useful to explore ways of introducing apprentice- and internships systems, that expose students with the world of work and increases the practical content of training, while lowering the cost to firms. Efforts to establish labor market information systems in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, that could help students, workers, employers and educational systems exchange relevant and timely information, are ongoing. A more comprehensive system for monitoring and evaluation would help policy makers identify bottlenecks and quality problems
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report seeks to further the body of disaster risk management (DRM) knowledge in Santa Catarina by identifying flood asset exposure risks and consequently empower the state government and its institutions to include DRM practices and information in their daily operations and decision-making processes, respectively. In this context, a novel study was jointly designed and developed by the World Bank and Santa Catarina's state government with the ultimate aim to produce a state-level Catastrophe (CAT) model. The novelty and depth of the study allowed the team to draw a number of potential policy implications and possible decision making to improve the state's resilience to natural disasters. To the best of the team's knowledge, this is a first-of-its-kind study in Brazil and has potential direct applications to a wide body of professions and institutions in Santa Catarina. Finally, the proposed methodological approach was heavily based on the national census as well as on commonly accessible hydro-meteorological data and topographic information to ensure replicability in other Brazilian states or municipalities
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Each year countries suffer great tragedy when natural disasters destroy schools and disrupt children's education. In addition to causing immediate harm to children, there is mounting evidence that the direct impact of natural disasters can translate into a series of indirect long-term effects. For some time, multilateral and bilateral development finance institutions, United Nations (UN) agencies, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have been engaged in efforts to make schools resilient to natural hazards. Despite these efforts, however, the safety of school facilities in many disaster-prone countries is unknown, and governments and donors continue to finance new school construction without taking sufficient account of safety. In 2014, the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) launched the Global Program for Safer Schools (GPSS). Through the GPSS, GFDRR support programs designed to establish safer school facilities in countries where the government has firmly committed to a reform or investment program in the education sector. GFDRR provides technical assistance to ensure that such education sector programs finance safer school facilities. The aim of the GPSS is to make school facilities, and the communities they serve, more resilient to natural hazards. This Roadmap is focused specifically on school infrastructure (which includes the school site and buildings). For investment opportunities to be effective and to have maximum impact at community and national scales, it is important that this support is coordinated with investments in school disaster management, risk reduction and resilience in education, and disaster preparedness in other sectors
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Arab Spring protests marked the beginning of a new era in the Syrian Arab Republic in 2011. Minor public protests began almost immediately after the initial protests in Cairo in January 2011. The first large demonstrations began two months later in March, and the following months saw a process of escalation as demonstrations spread and increased in size within the country. By the summer of 2011, the armed conflict was already unfolding. Now in its sixth year, the Syrian conflict remains active and is bringing much pain and tragedy on a daily basis. This study provides an assessment of the conflict's impact on economic and social outcomes in Syria as of early 2017. The analysis focuses on taking stock of the effects of the conflict in four areas: (i) physical damage, (ii) loss of lives and demographic dispersion, (iii) economic outcomes, and (iv) human development outcomes
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Agriculture sector growth in Myanmar averaged 2.5 percent during 2009/10-2016/17. This compares to only half of the growth rate in neighboring China and Thailand at the same stage of their economic development and less than one-third of nonagricultural growth in Myanmar. This low agricultural growth is one of the main reasons for slow poverty reduction, high malnutrition, and job insecurity in many parts of Myanmar, given the sector's continued significance in gross domestic product (GDP) (29 percent), the labor force (50 percent), and exports (30 percent). This first-ever Agricultural Public Expenditure Review is an important step to deepen the policy dialogue on improving the impact of public services on agricultural growth and other developmental objectives. It covers the period from 2009/10 to 2016/17, analyzing the budgets of the Union Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MOALI), selected Regions and States, the Myanmar Agricultural Development Bank's (MADB) financing, and donors. The review focuses on allocative and implementation efficiencies of public expenditures
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Ghana has experienced an extended period of robust growth since the early 2000s, supported by a favorable external environment and large investment inflows, particularly in the extractive industries. In 2011, as the start of oil production drove a surge in per capita income, Ghana graduated from low-income to lower-middle-income status. Despite the key role of the extractive industries, recent growth has been relatively inclusive, and Ghana achieved its Millennium Development Goal of halving the poverty rate by 2015. However, macroeconomic conditions have deteriorated since 2012, giving rise to substantial domestic and external imbalances. Although external shocks have underscored Ghana's vulnerability to global commodity and financial markets, the recurring nature of its imbalances reflects deeper structural deficiencies in its macroeconomic policies and public financial management (PFM) framework. A heavy focus on commodity exports has accelerated Ghana's recent growth, but the country's economic outlook increasingly hinges on a narrow range of volatile commodity prices
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: India has among the lowest female labor force participation rates (LFPRs) in the world. In particular, low female LFPR is a drag on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth and an obstacle towards reaching a higher growth path. Women are also an untapped source of managerial and entrepreneurial skills. By excluding women, the pool of such talent becomes shallower and growth suffers. If the overall lack of jobs, especially regular salaried jobs, plays a large role in India's female LFPR, only a combination of gender-targeted and broader policies towards formal job creation can sustainably raise female LFPR and accelerate India's GDP growth and broader social development. Policies that promote job creation in women-friendly sectors such as apparel, or that help fast-growing modern service sectors absorb more educated women workers would be particularly helpful
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The country partnership framework (CPF) for Brazil covers the six-year period from FY18 to FY23.1 The CPF is aligned with the objectives of the country's development strategy as outlined in the Brazil growth strategy presented by the authorities and is rooted in the findings and recommendations of the World Bank Group (WBG) systematic country diagnostic (SCD) for Brazil, which contains an analysis of key constraints for inclusive and sustainable growth. The CPF supports the country in making further progress on the WBG twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity through a program that focuses on creating the conditions for faster job growth. The CPF reflects the priorities of the Brazilian authorities and the resources and capacity of the WBG to deliver against these priorities. The CPF is built around three focus areas: (i) fiscal consolidation and government effectiveness; (ii) private sector investment and productivity; and (iii) equitable and sustainable development. The CPF continues the strong focus on improved service delivery that was at the center of the previous strategy, including through the implementation of the large existing portfolio, but with a growing emphasis on new management models that promise to increase the efficiency and efficacy of the public sector in addition to safeguarding access for the poor
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This World Bank Group (WBG) Guinea-Bissau country partnership framework (CPF) will be the first full country strategy since 1997. The development of the CPF has benefited from the findings of the 2016 systematic country diagnostic (SCD) and the 2015 fragility assessment, and addresses the main lessons learned from the completion and learning review (CLR) at annex 2. It also reflects feedback from consultations with the government, private sector, civil society, and development partners. This CPF supports the national development plan, Terra Ranka (fresh start), which was developed by the government elected in 2014. The CPF presents a selective and flexible WBG program. The focus areas of the CPF program will be on increased access to quality basic services and expanded economic opportunities and enhanced resilience to shocks
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Institutional and Governance Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Palestinian local governments represent a key pillar of the future Palestinian state. Predating the Palestinian Authority, many have long and proud histories, including some of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. With increasing political and geographical fragmentation over the last two decades, Local Government Units (LGUs) have become of paramount importance regarding the provision of services to the local population, particularly in areas where the relatively young central government is politically, geographically, and fiscally constrained. Some existing LGUs were created as early as the second half of the 19th century, and over the decades, they have performed under the complexities of disparate political and legal regimes. As the lowest level of governance, Palestinian local authorities fulfill a critical role, not only as a key public service provider but also as the government tier closest to citizens, with elected councils critical for representation and accountability to citizens. The most recent local elections were on May 13, 3017, and in October 2012, only in the West Bank; following the most recent local elections in both the West Bank and Gaza in 2006. Strengthening LGUs and enabling them to perform as fully functional local governments accountable to citizens are key priorities for the Palestinian Authority
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Zimbabwe's economy grew by 0.7 percent in 2016 despite the combined effect of the El Nino drought and domestic financial turmoil. The drought reduced agricultural output and increased food prices towards the end of the year, despite the government's efforts to boost production and stabilize prices. The public provision of agricultural inputs, the creation of food-for-work programs, and the establishment of price supports for staple foods accentuated the government's expansionary fiscal-policy stance. Meanwhile, the government also increased spending on a cash basis to clear domestic arrears. The authorities financed much of the widening fiscal deficit by issuing Treasury bills purchased by commercial banks and a US
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Climate change is damaging human health now and is projected to have a greater impact in the future. Low- and middle-income countries are seeing the worst effects as they are most vulnerable to climate shifts and least able to adapt given weak health systems and poor infrastructure. Low-carbon approach can provide effective, cheaper care while at the same time being climate smart. Low-carbon healthcare can advance institutional strategies toward low-carbon development and health-strengthening imperatives and inspire other development institutions and investors working in this space. Low-carbon healthcare provides an approach for designing, building, operating, and investing in health systems and facilities that generate minimal amounts of greenhouse gases. It puts health systems on a climate-smart development path, aligning health development and delivery with global climate goals. This approach saves money by reducing energy and resource costs. It can improve the quality of care in a diversity of settings. By prompting ministries of health to tackle climate change mitigation and foster low-carbon healthcare, the development community can help governments strengthen local capacity and support better community health
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In the last five years, the number of voices calling for stronger international action on climate change and health has increased, as has the scale and depth of activities. But current global efforts in climate and health are inadequately integrated. As a result, actions to address climate change including World Bank Group investment and lending are missing opportunities to simultaneously promote better health outcomes and resilience.This paper begins by identifying the health impacts that are being felt today and that are projected to worsen in the future without efforts to ensure health considerations are central to any and all climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. Chapter 1 includes an outline of the scope of health impacts from climate change and its drivers, the means of transmission, and a description of the drivers of climate change, and their sources. Chapter 2 describes the methodology used to identify these nations and determine their preparedness for coping with these impacts. Chapter 3 identifies hotspot countries based on this analysis, and narrows the focus to those countries that are both most likely to bear the brunt of a greater burden of disease and death from climate change and climate drivers, and that are the least ready to cope. Coping mechanisms through mitigation and adaptation measures, are outlined in Chapter 4, as are the multiple benefits that can be expected from multi-sector, concerted efforts to address health impacts from climate change, and its drivers
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Public Expenditure R ...
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Globally, more than a billion people, approximately 15 percent of the world's population, or one in seven persons, have disabilities. Of those, 80 percent live in developing countries. This number is expected to increase as the prevalence of disability is impacted by disease, war and conflict, natural disasters, and road traffic injuries, among other factors. In addition, persons over the age of 60 comprise 12 percent of the world's population; that proportion is set to rise over 20 percent by 2050. There is a strong correlation between aging and the onset of disability. Persons with disabilities make up a sizable portion of the 2.4 billion people who still lack access to sanitation, and the 663 million who lack access to safe drinking water. Although there are inadequate data to assess the exact number of persons with disabilities who face water scarcity and lack of access, there is evidence that points to the relative marginalization and invisibility of this population in water sector development programs. A 2011-12 survey of 16 Area Development Programs run by World Vision in Ethiopia showed that 96.6 percent of people with disabilities and the elderly faced difficulties in accessing basic water facilities. The note collates recommended strategies and practices in disability-inclusive development programming. It identifies entry points for disability-inclusive water operations in World Bank Group-supported programs, projects and advisory services, and analytics. Case studies, including World Bank Group and external examples, are provided to highlight the use of recommended practices. In addition, the annexes list several technical assistance resources to support task teams and clients in ensuring that infrastructure and services are inclusive of persons with disabilities
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: A strong legal framework that forms the basis for the activities of debt managers is crucial for enabling an effective public debt management function. This paper aims to complement discussions on the legal foundations of debt management by detecting and discussing essential elements that allow the government to issue sukuk, the equivalent of bonds, in Islamic finance. Drawing on the cases of recent sovereign issuers, these discussions begin with outlining the clear provision of a mandate to issue and to employ certain public assets in the execution of underlying transactions, as well to establish, engage with, and administer Special Purpose Vehicles used in structuring these issuances. Additional aspects that need to be addressed are the treatment of proceeds and the assurance of investors with regards to debt service. The enabling environment should be complemented by changes in the taxation regime and financial market regulations that facilitate the issuances
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Nicaragua remains one of the poorest countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). About 30 percent of the population lived below the official poverty line in 2014, and eight percent were considered extremely poor. GDP per capita stood at about USD 2,087 in 2015, the second lowest in LAC after Haiti. Access to basic services, such as electricity and water and sanitation, is low and largely unequal. Other key social indicators, including access to education, completion rates, and teenage pregnancy, also lag behind the regional average. Since the country's democratic transition in the early 1990s, Nicaragua has undergone a solid economic recovery from a very low base, due to three main factors. These include i) improved macroeconomic management and debt relief; ii) reforms aiming at transforming Nicaragua back into a market economy; and iii) demographic change. As a result, real GDP growth averaged about 4 percent between 1994 and 2015
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The region's growth outlook for 2017-19 remains broadly positive. China's growth moderation and rebalancing are expected to continue. In the region's other large developing economies, growth is projected to pick up slightly. Poverty has continued to decline in most countries and is projected to fall further. Global and regional vulnerabilities place a premium on macroeconomic prudence. Mobilizing additional revenues will create space for measures to support growth and foster inclusion. Some smaller commodity-exporting economies need to focus on lowering threats to fiscal solvency. Much of the region may need to adjust accommodative monetary policies. In China, reforms of the corporate sector, including restructuring of SOEs, and measures to bring credit growth under control are critical to reducing vulnerabilities. Elsewhere in the region, improvements in financial supervision and prudential regulation will be required. Developing EAP economies could benefit significantly from improving the quality of public spending, deepening regional integration, and reducing the agricultural sector's increasingly adverse environmental footprint
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The World Bank supported West Bengal Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation Project assumes a centre stage position in the current context of bringing water to every farm (Har Khet ko Pani) under the recently launched Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMSKY). With an objective to "enhance agricultural production of small and marginal farmers of the project area in West Bengal through development of minor irrigation infrastructure and agriculture support system", the Project was launched in 2012, partnering the Department of Water Resources Investigation and Development, Government of West Bengal. To achieve its outcomes, the Project focuses on strengthening community-based organizations, especially water users' association with a strong focus on gender aspects, irrigation systems development and improvement, agriculture, horticulture and fisheries development
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The first chapter of the ...
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Abstract: Poverty reduction and youth employment remain deeply intertwined in Mauritania. Mauritania's job-related challenge is characterized by a low-growth macroeconomic context, high reliance on minerals and extractives, and marked poverty and social exclusion. With youth (15-24 year olds) comprising over 40 percent of the population as of 2014, they are particularly vulnerable to high social exclusion. The main objective of this policy note is to provide an overview of the jobs challenge in Mauritania, with a focus on constraints and opportunities facing youth over the short to long term. To this end, it assesses overarching youth employment trends and gaps and offers recommendations for facilitating their entry into good, productive jobs. The note analyzes policy options, risks, and opportunities for strengthening youth employment prospects over the short to long term, with a focus on active labor market programs within an integrated approach to diversification, job creation, and poverty reduction. Moving forward, stronger public-private coalitions lie at the heart of youth employment and social inclusion in Mauritania
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: South Asia Economic Focus
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: For eight consecutive quarters South Asia was the fastest-growing region in the world but not anymore. Despite benign global conditions, regional growth has slowed down. This trend is the result of a deceleration in India, the region's powerhouse. Short-term disruptions related to the introduction of the landmark Goods and Services Tax can explain the steep decline observed in the last quarter, but the deceleration has been going on for more than one year. Over this period imports increased sharply while private investment declined. Behind these trends lies a combination of large public sector borrowing (especially by the states), relatively sticky interest rates despite decreasing inflation, and an increasingly stressed financial sector. While growth has slightly accelerated elsewhere in the region, concerns remain. Bangladesh has seen an increase in financial sector risks and in Pakistan macroeconomic discipline has weakened. At 6.7 percent, growth is projected to remain strong in South Asia in 2017, albeit slightly lower than forecast in June. The growth rate is expected to stabilize around 7 percent over the medium term. Consumption should remain strong and private investment should regain momentum thanks to ongoing support from infrastructure development and economic reforms. Measuring GDP is especially challenging in developing countries, where the informal sector is large and institutional constraints can be severe. As a result, GDP growth estimates are often met with skepticism. But new technologies offer an opportunity to improve matters. Luminosity observed from satellites has been shown to be a good proxy for economic activity, and methodologies have been developed in recent years to predict GDP over time and across space based on nightlight intensity. In South Asia's case, GDP predicted using these methodologies closely tracks National Accounts GDP at the aggregate level, and provides a granular picture of GDP at subnational levels. Nightlight intensity also yields new insights on recent economic developments
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Philippines Economic ...
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In recent years, the prospects of Kenya's tourism industry have been clouded by a perfect storm of misfortunes - insecurity, growing global competition, and unsustainable tourism development. It is in this context that the potential and actual contribution of the tourism sector to the country's development has been questioned, with claims that tourism contributes less to the Kenyan economy than commonly thought. This report is arranged as follows: Chapter 1 identifies linkages with sectors that provide inputs into tourism as well as sectors that benefit from the boost in demand generated by the industry (termed the backward and forward linkages respectively). The results in Chapter 2 indicate that the effects on the economy depend on the cross-sectoral linkages. Hence, impacts on the economy differ depending on whether they emanate from changes in foreign tourist arrivals, changes in domestic tourist demand, oil price shocks, or foreign exchange shocks. Chapter 3 attempts to explore how long-term growth and poverty rates are affected with investments in the different segments of the tourism industry. Finally, recognizing that growth in the sector is dependent upon sustainable resource use, Chapter 4 contributes to the analysis of alternative policy strategies by investigating policies for the allocation of water. This is a highly relevant, though much neglected issue as Kenya is amongst the most water scarce countries in Africa and also has a highly water intensive economy (when measured in per capita availability, Kenya is more water scarce than land, and projections suggest the former will get worse faster). The Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is also used to examine the growth consequences of reallocating water from the highly water-dependent tourism industry to other sectors of the economy
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Philippines is increasingly exposed and vulnerable to natural hazards, which undermines poverty reduction and long-term growth. Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), which struck the Philippines in 2013, is considered the strongest typhoon ever to make landfall. Typhoon Yolanda has caused over 6,300 reported fatalities and an additional 2.3 million people were estimated to have fallen below the poverty line. The total damage and loss was estimated at PHP 571.1 billion (USD 12.9 billion) hampering economic growth by about 0.9 % in 2013, and another 0.3 % in 2014. The event highlighted the following major issues on the side of government and all other non-government actors: coordination at all levels, aid transparency and accountability, systems and protocols for donations and assistance, conduct of post-disaster needs assessment, recovery planning, implementation, monitoring, and communications
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This is a background paper to the Pacific Possible report. Climate change and natural disasters represent major threats to Pacific Island countries. The report estimates the cost of climate adaptation measures for Pacific Island countries. It also proposes a range of strategies for dealing with the high uncertainty surrounding the impact of climate change over the next 25 years
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Madagascar has enormous energy resources, particularly renewable ones (hydraulic, solar, wind, biomass), but national energy consumption is still very low, and is dominated by wood energy and its by-products. Madagascar imports all of its petrol products, and energy costs are too high to effectively contribute to social and economic development of the country. ESMAP (Energy Sector Management Assistance Program) is a technical assistance program managed by the World Bank and supported by eleven bilateral donors. ESMAP launched in January 2013 as an initiative to support the efforts of countries to improve knowledge of their renewable energy resources (REN), to establish appropriate institutional frameworks for the development of REN, and to provide free access to geospatial resources and data. This initiative will also support the IRENA-GlobalAtlas program by improving data availability and quality, through an interactive atlas. This study is part of a technical assistance project funded by ESMAP and implemented by the World Bank in Madagascar , which aims to support mapping resources and geospatial planning for small hydropower. It is conducted in close coordination with the Ministry of Energy, the Electricity Regulation Office (ERO), Development Agency of Rural Electrification (DARE) and Jiro sy Rano Malagasy (JIRAMA)
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Turkey covers the period FY18-21. It is aligned with the objectives of Turkey's 10th Development Plan and is based on the findings of a World Bank Group (WBG) Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) that was finalized in February 2017. The CPF aims to help Turkey to achieve its development objectives through building on the foundations of the existing program and consolidating gains in key areas where the WBG is already active, as well as developing the program further in areas which target the WBG twin goals of reducing extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. The CPF puts forward a flexible approach for the WBG's program that is appropriate for a middle-income country of Turkey's size and takes account of the evolving country and regional situation
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of this report is to share perspectives with the Government of Bangladesh, think tanks and researchers, the public as well as the Bank's senior management on the state of the economy, outlook, risks, progress on structural policy reforms, and key challenges the economy is currently facing. The coverage includes developments in the real sector focusing on poverty, growth, and inflation; external sector developments focusing on the balance of payments, foreign exchange reserves and the exchange rate; fiscal developments focusing on revenue mobilization, public expenditures, and deficit financing; financial sector developments focusing on credit and interest rates; and monetary developments. This update also assesses the progress in Bangladesh's labor markets and concludes with an exposition of the policy challenges that need to be addressed to accelerate the creation of quality jobs
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Uganda is urbanizing rapidly. If not proactively managed, Uganda will miss a major opportunity for structural transformation. The purpose of this report is to provide Ugandan policymakers with economic analyses on the role of Greater Kampala in achieving Uganda's economic goals outlined in Vision 2040 and the actions needed to unlock the city's economic potential. This report drills down into the case of Greater Kampala and outlines the metropolitan's main challenges to promoting economic development and recommending areas for government action. Following the introductory section, Section 2 profiles Greater Kampala's economic strengths and weaknesses as well as outlines the vital role it plays in Uganda's economy. The section will show that Greater Kampala is not generating enough jobs in the value-added sectors, like manufacturing, for sustained economic development and concludes by identifying promising sectors which have the greatest potential to create productive jobs. This report then argues that there are three focus areas which are crucial to Greater Kampala's future economic development: i) Built environment and; ii) Business constraints affecting the tradable sector. Section 2 evaluates Greater Kampala's built environment, assessing the city's urban form and infrastructure and how they impact on firm competitiveness. This section concludes with practical suggestions for the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area stakeholders and identifies opportunities to better manage Greater Kampala's urbanization. Section 3 addresses the business constraints which Kampala's formal firms face. This section discusses how governments can best engage businesses to address barriers to firm growth including access to finance, taxation and skills. The report concludes by outlining all recommendations in a sequenced plan
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Technology is one of the main drivers of productivity and economic growth. Developing countries have traditionally had difficulties in both developing technology and absorbing foreign technology. However, the recent emergence of tech startups present an opportunity. Tech start-ups are an effective a mechanism to both create local technology and absorb foreign technology. The objective of this report is to provide a better understanding of the status of Beirut's start-up ecosystem and provide policy recommendations for policy makers and other stakeholders who are interested in supporting the growth and sustainability of the ecosystem. The report is based on an in-depth survey of startups and supportive stakeholders of the ecosystem. The findings point out to an early-to middle stage start-up ecosystem that has passed its nascent growth phase but is still far from maturity. Skills, supportive infrastructure, finance pipeline, and community and networks are examined and gaps are identified. Policy recommendations to tackle these gaps are presented based on international practices
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Somalia is emerging from 25 years of political instability and economic difficulty but hard data islacking for evidence-based planning. The civil war and ongoing conflict that started in 1991 fragmented the country, undermined political institutions, and created widespread vulnerability. The conflict has eroded the statistical infrastructure and capacity, leaving policy makers and donors to operate in a statistical vacuum due to the lack of reliable data. In the absence of representative household surveys not much was known about poverty. The lack of information poses a threat to the design and implementation of policies and programs needed to support economic resilience and development as well as assistance in the event of shocks
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This 10th South Africa Economic Update offers a review of the country's recent economic and social developments and outlook in the context of global economic prospects. It focuses on the role of innovation in fostering economic growth, job creation and poverty reduction in an environment in which more South Africans are getting poorer. Main conclusions emerging from this analysis suggest that policies to spur innovation can go a long way in addressing unemployment, poverty and inequality in South Africa. It is our hope that South Africa will continue, and possibly expand, using the World Bank vast body of knowledge, global experience and its convening power as a platform for exchange and peer-to-peer learning in the identification of pragmatic solutions to reach the country's National Development Plan's goals
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Indonesia has exhibited strong macroeconomic performance, but developmental needs remain significant. To raise the living standards of a large population dispersed over thousands of islands, Indonesia must address several key challenges, including a sizeable infrastructure gap, relatively low productivity, and rising inequality. The authorities recognize that the financial sector needs to play a central role in overcoming such challenges. The authorities have been pursuing an ambitious agenda to promote financial sector deepening and to strengthen financial oversight and crisis management. Despite substantial progress since the last FSAP, the financial sector is not yet sufficiently able to fund development needs or boost inclusive economic growth. To promote sustainable financial sector deepening and inclusion, the authorities could consider a more coordinated, cross-cutting approach by addressing root causes. To promote inclusive economic growth and strengthen financial markets, the authorities pursue a diverse policy mix which includes: expansion of the KUR credit guarantee program with an interest subsidy add-on; a deposit interest rate ceiling; requirements for non-bank financial institutions to hold debt issued by the government and state-owned enterprises; and moral suasion to lower bank lending rates. However, these measures may not prove effective in achieving sustainably higher growth and financial deepening
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Global growth is picking up and the growth in the South Asia region continues to remain strong. A recovery in industrial activity has coincided with a pickup in global trade, after two years of marked weakness. Growth in South Asia remains strong, with regional output projected to grow by 6.8 percent in 2017 and an average of 7.2 percent in 2018-19. Economic activity in Nepal, which rebounded strongly in FY2017, reaching 7.5 percent (year-over-year [y/y]) following two challenging years, has again been impacted by severe flood affecting more than one-third of the country. High inflation in the last two years induced by disruptions moderated sharply by early 2017 and further slowed, reaching decade-low inflation by the end of FY2017, due to moderating inflation in India
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Georgia has an impressive record of reforms and is on a steady track of poverty reduction, butensuring that of its all citizens can equally benefit from and contribute to its development remains a challenge. This study focuses on one particular aspect of Georgia's path to inclusive growth: social inclusion. It uses the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion to help understand why some members of society may be consistently left behind from the development process, and to provide insights into policies that can have a transformational impact on the situation of systematically disadvantaged groups and individuals. Social exclusion implies that certain members of society, due to their social or cultural identity, may face complex barriers and, due to them, have persistently lower outcomes e.g., access to quality education, health, employment, and income relative to the rest of society, thus not achieving their full potential
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The document summarizes an extensive body of research conducted to assess the extent and quality of water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services geographically and over the income distribution using a variety of techniques and data sources; the interaction between WASH outcomes and health, especially nutrition; and the institutional barriers as well as opportunities to reduce the gaps in improved access to WASH between rural and urban areas in Ecuador
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Technology is one of the main drivers of productivity and economic growth. Developing countries have traditionally had difficulties in both developing technology and absorbing foreign technology. Seventy to eighty percent of the productivity gap between developed and developing countries is estimated to result from the lag in the adoption of technologies in these countries. Tech start-ups are an effective a mechanism to both create local technology and absorb foreign technology. In recent years, there has been a surge in tech start-ups across the world. Fueled by global technology-led cost reductions and increased access to resources, tech entrepreneurs have emerged in both develop and developing countries. However, there is little understanding of how these tech entrepreneurs form ecosystems, their internal dynamics, how they work, what makes them grow and achieve sustainability, how they connect with the local economy to drive productivity and employment, and why some ecosystems are more effective than others The objective of this report is to provide a better understanding of the status of Dar Es Salaam's start-up ecosystem and provide policy recommendations for policy makers and other stakeholders who are interested in supporting the growth and sustainability of the ecosystem
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mining, Oil and Gas
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This is a background paper to the Pacific Possible report. Technological progress has given rise to increased interest in deep sea minerals. This report takes stock of existing policy, legal and fiscal arrangements supporting DSM decision making and the regulatory and institutional capacities necessary to assure positive outcomes. As such, the report summarizes the knowns and unknowns characterizing the current state of DSM, frames the need to apply the precautionary approach given information uncertainty, and identifies professional and institutional capacity building needs. Given the significant uncertainties and weak institutional capacity in the countries of the Region, the report recommends the precautionary approach to DSM, which among others includes the option of no development if the risks are found to be larger than the benefits. It also recommends that regional regulatory collaboration takes place in a way that is respectful of sovereignty considerations
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Development Policy Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Pacific Possible is a program of research and dialogue focusing on long term economic growth perspectives of Pacific Island Countries. It analyzes the major transformational economic opportunities and challenges which include tourism, labor mobility, ICT, oceanic tuna fisheries, deep sea minerals, climate change and natural disasters, and non-communicable diseases. This report summarizes and synthesizes research undertaken on these topics. Detailed background papers on these topics are also available as part of the Pacific Possible series
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The 10th economic update comes at an important juncture for Rwanda. The country has entered the third decade of uninterrupted economic growth and social progress. Rwanda's global income ranking improved from the seventh poorest in 2000 to the 20th in 2015, on the back of Rwanda's strong commitment to good governance, the principles of market economy and openness. The growth, however, has been slowing down recently and is expected to remain subdued in 2017. Going forward, achieving Rwanda's ambition of attaining middle-income status requires sustaining the average growth rate of the past two decades in the years to come. The vision 2050, and the new EDPRS, currently under preparation will provide the roadmap for adapting the economy to the evolving regional and global context and maintaining a growth rate that delivers poverty reduction and prosperity. In addition to presenting recent macroeconomic developments, this update also discusses the longer-term patterns of productivity and structural transformation and derives some broad lessons for growth strategy. The Rwanda Economic Update (REU) reports on and synthesizes recent economic developments, and places them in a medium term, regional, and global context. It analyses the implications of these developments and policies for the outlook of the economy. These reports attempt to make an analytical contribution to the implementation of Rwanda's national development strategy. Each edition includes a special feature on a selected topic. The report is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, other market participants, the community of analysts engaged in Rwanda's economy, and civil society
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Knowledge Economy Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report studies coding bootcamps. A new kind of rapid skills training program for the digital age. Coding bootcamps are typically short-term (three to six months), intensive and applied training courses provided by a third party that crowdsources the demand for low-skills tech talent. Coding bootcamps aim at low-entry level tech employability (for example, junior developer), providing a new tool for entry into the new world of digital jobs. This report studies the characteristics, methodologies, business models and impact of five coding bootcamps operating directly or through partners in developing countries. High employability and employment rates in low-entry tech positions (for example, junior developer, freelancer, and so on) reported by coding bootcamps suggest an untapped potential of this form of rapid tech skills training. From the case studies, there are two factors that seem to exert a major influence over employment outcomes: 1. selection criteria, and 2. extent of links with the local tech ecosystem. However, there is also criticism around bootcamp programs, which have been grounded in three key arguments: quality of programming skills, employability, and "short termism." Early evidence, which is based on a limited number of sources and mostly based on the data from bootcamp providers themselves, calls for additional, more representative, and holistic research
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The third edition of the Mozambique Economic Update comes at a time when the economy is beginning to show some signs of recovery in 2017. But as extractives and other large industries drive the recent developments, whilst small and medium enterprises lag behind, Mozambique is increasingly showing the signs of being "A two-speed economy". Reestablishing macroeconomic stability through a more balanced mix of fiscal and monetary policy is a priority for private sector growth. Slowly easing inflation and lower credit levels suggest that the monetary policy cycle could begin to loosen as the economy continues to adjust. However, making this transition smoothly will require a sharper fiscal policy response to restore the health of Mozambique's public finances
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: As a result of a number of internal and external shocks, Uganda's economy is currently growing at the lowest rate recorded over the past two decades. Therefore, current policy is focused on the management of these impacts so that they do not exacerbate macroeconomic instability and on measures to stimulate the economy to increase growth. The Government's investment push is intended to address binding constraints on growth, with the most significant of these constraints being Uganda's huge infrastructure deficit. The first part of this Ninth Uganda Economic Update presents an assessment of the current state of the economy, while the second part addresses a specific theme related to Uganda's development challenges and the manner in which these may be addressed. This focusses on how the management of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) can support Uganda's investment push by facilitating access to private sector financing, by managing the risks intrinsic in these arrangements, and by maximizing the economic and social value of these partnerships. This can only be achieved if the government is committed to building the appropriate set of frameworks to create a conducive environment for private investments and to adopting robust project identification, screening, procurement and contract management processes
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Despite bold efforts to consolidate public finances, Ukraine's growth potential remains undermined by a large public sector, high public debt levels and inefficient provision of critical public services. The Ukraine government faces new public spending pressures which, if realized, would reverse recent fiscal consolidation gains. In this context, the objective of this Public Finance Review (PFR) is to inform the government of Ukraine about fiscal reform options to restore sustainability of public finances while improving critical public services and improving medium-term growth prospects. The PFR offers reform options for a gradual and sustainable fiscal deficit reduction and mitigation of risks to debt sustainability through broadening the tax base, improved tax administration, and more efficient public spending. Chapter 1 provides an overview of Ukraine's fiscal situation and key pressures to fiscal sustainability. Chapter 2 focuses on options to broaden the tax base and improve tax administration following the recent tax reform measures. Although Ukraine already collects a high share of Gross domestic product as taxes, it can improve tax compliance, broaden the tax base, and reduce the tax burden. Improving tax administration and broadening the tax base are critical to improve fiscal sustainability in the short term and to create a foundation for sustainable economic growth in the medium term. Chapter 3 focuses on options to improve the fiscal sustainability of the pensions system, which is the largest public finance expenditure item and a source of fiscal vulnerability on the expenditure side. Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7 look at opportunities for delivering public services, specifically, education, health, social assistance and decentralization, that are more efficient, equitable and higher quality. Reforms in these areas are anchors of Ukraine's long-term fiscal sustainability and core elements of the strategy to reduce the fiscal deficit. Analyses of expenditures in this review are structured according to functions rather than economic categories
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This education report is a compliment to the 2017 World Bank led Armenia Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD), which focuses on how to improve shared prosperity and reduce poverty in Armenia. This report collates information from recent education studies addressing issues with skills development and gender and spatial differences in educational level and quality. Concurrently, this study will try to link key macroeconomic and demographic issues to issues related to the education sector. Thus, this study will provide an overview of the external and internal issues related to improving education and be central with regards to the direction set out in the SCD linking these to poverty and shared prosperity. This study is organized into four main sections intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of Armenia's education landscape. It will begin with an overview of Armenia's current social and economic context and the factors that have contributed to it. Next, it will dive deeper into the relationship between education and the economy and unique spatial aspects associated with income and education inequalities. It will then assess the key challenges within the education system that are contributing to Armenia's current state of affairs. Finally, the study will present policy recommendations based on the information analyzed. In doing so, the aim will be to equip the Republic of Armenia with a strong set of evidence-based education policies and strategies that will promote broad-based prosperity and poverty reduction and move Armenia forward in the next stage of development
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: A broad-based recovery in global economic activity has been taking hold since late 2016. Industrial production has picked up and global trade accelerated after two years of pronounced weakness. A gradual recovery in commodity prices diminished growth constraints among commodity exporters, including major emerging economies. Despite heightened policy uncertainty, growth in major advanced economies, including the United States, the European Union, and Japan, has strengthened, reflecting buoyant domestic demand and rising exports. Growth in developing East Asia and Pacific (EAP) continues to be resilient as already robust domestic demand was supported by a pickup in external demand and a gradual recovery in commodity prices. After a large surplus in 2016, Vietnam's external current account balance started to decline in early 2017. Robust growth in exports, tourism receipts, and private remittances led to a current account surplus of about 4 percent of GDP in 2016, marking the sixth consecutive year of a widening current account surplus. The financial account also saw large net inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) and long-term loans, allowing the State Bank of Vietnam to gradually rebuild foreign reserves. The current account surplus started to decline in early 2017 due to a recovery in import growth. Bolstered by a strong external position, the nominal exchange rate has been relatively stable but the real exchange rate continues to appreciate. The reference rate was devalued modestly by 1.23 percent in 2016 and around 1.3 percent year-to-date in 2017. Meanwhile, the real effective exchange rate continued to appreciate by about 5 percent in 2016 and 24 percent since 2010. Real exchange rate appreciation is driven by a large external surplus of the FDI sector, but is a concern for Vietnam's domestic private enterprises, which continue to face significant external imbalance and competitiveness challenges. This special focus issue is part of two-part series on fiscal reforms. While this installment of the taking stock special topic is focused on specific revenue and debt management options to underpin more sustainable and efficient fiscal management, the December issue will focus on expenditure restructuring
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Procurement Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The sector of small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter SMEs) represent an increasingly important segment of Montenegrin economy and have been key drivers of its economic growth and employment for the past several years. With foreign direct investment, this sector could be an important lever of economic development and the main creator of new jobs in the future. In order to survive and develop in the market, these enterprises have to constantly build new competitive benefits. The same can be built within the enterprises themselves through their strengthening and development, but also through mutual cooperation and linking. Because SMEs have an important role in the economic development of each country, it is necessary to encourage and facilitate their participation in public procurement procedures. Taking into account the fact that procurements merge at all levels (national and local), special attention should be paid to get SMEs more closely involved in the procurement procedures with contracting authorities, subject to the application of the LPP. Montenegro has recognized in its agenda through the strategy for the development of the public procurement system for the period 2016-2020 the necessity of active relationship between the state and local self-government on the development and encouragement of SMEs. Based on research carried out in direct communication with the representatives of these entities and their associations, with the aim to assess the readiness of SMEs to adapt to future activities in the field of public procurement, it is evident that they are planning new investments and expansion of business. They are ready to invest in human resources, technical, technological and other facilities necessary for successful business, in order to be competitive in the market. To that end, they expect more support from the state of Montenegro and the local community. In accordance with the orientation and expectations of SMEs this guide is intended to encourage the participation of SMEs at all levels in the area of public procurement
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Procurement Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Montenegro is currently in the process of modernizing and restructuring its public procurement system, not only with a view to bringing its procurement system in line with international best practices and complete its accession requirements to enter the EU, but also to constructing more efficient and competitive public procurement, that will enable optimization of results. In order to guarantee that significant improvements are built into the procurement system, the Government of Montenegro has taken several steps to tackle its shortcomings, namely by devising strategies for the development of the procurement system along with action plans that establish specific measures and goals and respective timeframes for completion and tracking the implementation of such measures. The assessments conducted by external entities to the Government of Montenegro have shown that such strategies have been productive in addressing issues in the public procurement system of Montenegro and showcase a steady evolution towards better procurement practices. The analyses introduced by this methodology will most definitely concentrate on performance compliance indicators. These will allow for a more quantitative-based approach to monitoring of the public procurement practices in Montenegro, introducing a less formal concept of monitoring, which is currently restricted to legal and regulatory compliance and emphasizes formal and administrative aspects of procurement. Analyzing and improving the system of procurement is entirely dependent on data available and the analysis of the data for gathering business intelligence and increase productivity of all entities in the system. To this end, guidelines and key performance indicators (KPIs) on how to improve the monitoring, auditing and reporting mechanisms will be introduced. This analysis will also include the benchmarking of the 2015 annual report by the PPA, where monitoring will be assessed in terms of compliance with proposed targets and changes verified up to this point
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Afghanistan possesses a rich horticultural history, with a number of unique products, such as dried fruit, that are still renowned in various parts of the world. The period of conflict that has plagued Afghanistan for the past 40 years has, however, severely disrupted supply chains and markets for horticultural products and, in particular, hindered the ability of traders and producers to export products to high-value markets. The following sections provide an overview of the horticultural sector in Afghanistan and its various components. Section 1.1 describes the history and economic importance of horticulture in Afghanistan; section 1.2 describes the endowments and infrastructure that support the production and trade of horticultural crops in Afghanistan; section 1.3 presents an overview of the nature of horticultural inputs in Afghanistan and details methods for producing horticultural crops; section 1.4 describes the structure of post-harvest activities; section 1.5 reviews the processing and marketing of horticultural products in Afghanistan; section 1.6 presents and overview of the recent performance of the horticulture sector in Afghanistan; and section 1.7 describes recent and current policies and programs focusing on the horticulture sector in Afghanistan. The report is organized as follows: chapter one summarizes the recent literature on the horticulture sector; chapter two presents the results of the Survey undertaken for this report; and chapter three lists recommendations and next steps
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Education Sector Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The World Bank is re-engaging in the education sector in Burundi at a time when the country has launched a major reform of its school education system, including the lengthening of the compulsory basic education cycle to 9 years in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. Due to the withdrawal of many donors from the education sector, after the events of 2015, as well as the general fiscal and economic contraction, the gains achieved in the last decade, especially in primary education, might be rapidly eroded. Consequently, a stock-taking exercise was undertaken by the Bank, focusing on four areas identified at the time of the concept note review. This summary report is based on the four pieces of analytical work and is intended to help the World Bank engage with all stakeholders in order to consolidate the recent gains and move the reform forward. In the next fiscal year, the findings from these studies will be used to engage in a broader dialogue and consensus building with the key stakeholders
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Commodities Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The groundnut value chain is of major economic, social and political importance in Senegal. Most rural households grow the crop, and its transport, storage or processing is a key source of nonfarm employment in both formal and informal enterprises. Senegal's groundnut sector was originally developed by colonial authorities, using a monopoly over exports to control the domestic market. For groundnuts in Senegal, the French-owned oil processor was nationalized to form SONACOS in 1975, which proved increasingly costly to operate and was eventually privatized in 2005 to form SUNEOR in 2007. That too has suffered increasing losses and in January 2010 the government finally ended the monopoly system, allowing farmers to sell to competing firms for either direct export or processing. Despite turmoil in the groundnut processing sector, groundnut production itself remains a mainstay of the rural economy. This report builds on a number of previous studies to inform ongoing changes in the sector. Most notably, we build on the diagnostic analysis of the groundnut value chain that was conducted in 2014 (World Bank 2015) and addressed a set of key reform proposals. The focus of this report is detailed in its Terms of Reference (Annex 4)
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: General Economy, Macroeconomics, and Growth Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report adds value because its inclusive approach of engaging with a broad-based group of stakeholders at the time of both analysis and engagement has served a means of building support for needed reforms. The goal was to generate ownership among Mindanawons through consultations which were guided by mostly local technical experts. For the analysis, the World Bank partnered with leading universities, think tanks, experts, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Some 90 percent of the extended team came from within Mindanao, and they contributed more than 40 background papers. The study's inclusive approach was to listen intently to government, business, labor, civil society, and vulnerable groups who are often left out in the engagement process, such as indigenous people, Moro women, out-of-school youth, combatants, and internally displaced people. From January 2015 to June 2016, some 1,500 stakeholders were consulted. Finally, 10 eminent individuals with government, business, labor, and civil society experience provided strategic advice to the report team. Finally, building on the dialogue with the Philippine government and stakeholders in Mindanao, this report proposes a strategy for regional development in Mindanao. The three main components are to (1) raise agricultural productivity and improve farm-to-market connectivity; (2) boost human development; and (3) address drivers of conflict and fragility and strengthen institutions in ARMM and conflict-affected areas. The World Bank engagement for Mindanao will be based on this strategy. Policy recommendations are made in four separate categories: (1) increasing agricultural productivity by improving extension and irrigation services, along with price reforms to realize Mindanao's agriculture potential; (2) building up logistics and transport connectivity by improving road networks and the efficiency of shipping services to reduce trade costs; (3) improving the supply of reliable power and the speed, affordability ,and quality of information and communications technology (ICT) services by fostering competition; and (4) supporting private investment by addressing the growing skills gap, the high regulatory burden for businesses, and by improving financial inclusion and the governance of land. A separate section considers economic policy measures to support the resolution of Mindanao's longstanding violent conflicts
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Policy Paper present ...
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Ukraine covers the 5 years from FY17 to FY21. The CPF is aligned with the objectives of the country's development strategy as outlined in the Government Program and Action Plan adopted in April 2017 and is based on the findings and recommendations of the World Bank Group (WBG) Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Ukraine. The objective of the WBG CPF in Ukraine during FY17-FY21 is to promote sustained and inclusive economic recovery after nearly a decade of stagnation and two years of economic crisis. The focus areas of the CPF broadly parallel the pathways identified in the SCD, but are further prioritized. The engagement will be highly selective and based on the intersection of the Government's development agenda, the development challenges and approaches outlined in the SCD, and the comparative advantage and capacity of WBG to deliver. The resulting CPF focus areas are : (i) Better Governance, Anticorruption, and Citizen Engagement; (ii) Making Markets Work; (iii) Fiscal and Financial Sustainability; and (iv) Efficient, Effective, and Inclusive Service Delivery
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Iran Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It examines these economic developments and policies in a longer-term and global context, and assesses their implications for the outlook for the country. Its coverage has ranged from the macroeconomy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Iran
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Thirty years after the launch of the economic reforms known as Doi Moi, Vietnam is considered a development success story-marked by remarkable poverty reduction and economic growth. Notwithstanding notable achievements, development challenges persist. The last World Bank Group (WBG) country strategy for Vietnam, the FY12-16 Country Partnership Strategy (CPS), was presented to the WBG Board of Directors on December 15, 2011.The Vietnam Country Partnership Framework (CPF) covers the period FY18-22. It has been prepared based on analysis and conclusions in Vietnam 2035: Toward Prosperity, Creativity, Equity, and Democracy (Vietnam 2035)1 and in the 2016 Vietnam Systematic CountryDiagnostic (SCD), and informed by the CPS Completion and Learning Review (CLR) and the 2016 Client Survey. The CPF is fully aligned with the Government of Vietnam's (GoV) 2010-20 Socio-Economic Development Strategy (SEDS) and the recent 2016-20 Socio-Economic Development Plan (SEDP). The CPF responds to priorities for support expressed by the government and builds on the WBG's comparative advantage.The CPF is prepared at a critical juncture in Vietnam's development and at a time of transition. FY18 represents a new period in GoV-WBG relations as Vietnam graduates from the International Development Association (IDA) at end-FY17. Moreover, success raises expectations-Vietnam has high ambitions for further development and growth, aspiring to modernity, industrialization, and a better quality of life.The CPS has three pillars: (i) strengthen Vietnam's competitiveness in the regional and global economy; (ii) increase sustainability of the country's development; and (iii) broaden access to economic and social opportunity, supported by three cross-cutting themes: (a) strengthen governance, (b) promote gender equality, and (c) improve resilience related to external economic and climatic shocks
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) is one of the fastest-growing city regions in West Africa. GAMA is exposed to recurrent shocks and stresses on top of numerous developmental challenges and climate change issues that threaten development gains. The deadly floods of June 2015 are a reminder that creating a resilient and inclusive city must be a priority at all government levels. This report summarizes the outcomes of the process and outlines the recommendations that were identified jointly by national and local stakeholders in Ghana and World Bank specialists. Furthermore, the report provides evidence that can be leveraged by the government to request further support from the World Bank and other development partners to implement follow-up actions. The overarching message of this report is that actions are needed now to better manage and mitigate the risks and exposure of Accra to climate change and the associated shocks and stresses, gravely affecting the economy, key sectors, and the lives of households and families. Without any action, Accra remains exposed to significant and recurrent hazards, with a risk of diminishing the development gains made over the last decades. Therefore, as government moves forward to take action on this challenge, this report provides a concrete and detailed forward-looking strategy that may guide and inform policy and budget decisions, and thus eventually leading to a thriving, inclusive and more resilient Greater Accra Metropolitan Area
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This policy note assesses the performance of existing land administration and management (LAM) system in the Philippines in creating an environment for competitive cities. It looks at the influence of LAM (including property rights) in the proper functioning of land markets in urban areas; the effectiveness of land use planning and regulations in shaping urban growth, reducing informality, and improving efficiency in use of space; and the impacts of property valuation and taxation practices in generating revenues to finance local development plans. LAM systems are a fundamental infrastructure for proper functioning of land markets. Well-functioning land markets facilitate investments and growth, improve land allocation, and develop financial markets. For land markets to work efficiently, they must be underpinned by land administration systems that define property rights; guarantee security of tenure; establish a mechanism for registering these rights within reasonable time and costs, and generate information to support property valuation and taxation. Well-defined property rights underpin security of transactions and investments in well-functioning land markets, as these reduce conflicts, decrease transaction costs, and provide incentives for the private sector to invest. Property valuation facilitates efficient disposal and proper compensation of land, equitable land and property taxation, and proper valuation of land as collateral assets. In addition, LAM systems are essential in land use planning that shapes urban growth, improves efficiencies in use and allocation of limited space, and in turn, enhances the performance of land markets. In metropolitan areas, coordinated land use planning is essential to achieve efficiency in service provision, enable connectivity and maximize the potential of agglomeration for city competitiveness. Effective land use planning enables timely provision of investments to influence the shape and pattern of land development. Well-functioning land market and efficient land use are important in creating sustainable and competitive cities
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Three key characteristics help shed light on Chile's development performance. First, strong institutions and sound macroeconomic policies have contributed to long-term economic growth. Second, market-oriented policies have boosted growth through productivity-enhancing reforms and helped improve the design of public services and social policy. Third, as the world's biggest copper producer and exporter, Chile is characterized by commodity dependence. These characteristics have helped the government achieve an average annual growth rate of almost 5 percent over the last 30 years, while reducing the poverty rate to less than 8 percent. Chile's middle class is one of the largest in Latin America; yet, inequality remains substantial. Economic development has led to a steep increase in life expectancy and a decline in fertility rates. Indeed, though relatively less than other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Chile is advanced in the demographic transition, which pose important challenges to economic growth and labor productivity
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: State and Trends of Carbon Pricing
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The report is a one stop shop for learning about key developments and prospects of existing and emerging carbon initiatives. There is a continued momentum for carbon pricing. As of 2017, over 40 national and 25 subnational jurisdictions representing almost a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions are putting a price on carbon. Over the past decade the number of jurisdictions with carbon pricing initiatives have doubled. On average, carbon pricing initiatives cover about half of the emissions in these jurisdictions, which translates to a total coverage of about 8 Gigatons of carbon dioxide or about 15% of global emissions (a fourfold increase over the past decade)
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Malawi Economic Monitor (MEM) provides an analysis of economic and structural development issues in Malawi. This edition of the MEM was published in May 2017. It follows on from the four previous editions of the MEM, and is part of an ongoing series, with future editions to follow twice per year. The aim of the publication is to foster better-informed policy analysis and debate regarding the key challenges that Malawi faces in its endeavors to achieve high rates of stable, inclusive and sustainable economic growth. The MEM consists of two parts: Part 1 presents a review of recent economic developments and a macroeconomic outlook. Part 2 focuses in greater depth on a special, selected topic relevant to Malawi's development prospects
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This economic update provides an overview of recent developments in the Nigerian economy.Low oil revenues and the lack of major tax policy reforms to significantly increase non-oil revenues led to large revenue shortfalls at all levels of governmentin 2016. Monetary policy remained accommodative, with broad money growth at 18.5 percent, driven by increased lending from the Central Bank to the Government to finance the budget deficit. After a sharp depreciation of the exchange rate following the June 2016 liberalization of the Naira,the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) maintained theinterbank exchange rate at around N 305 per USD. The chapter second describes the World Bank's view on Nigeria's economic outlook for 2017. The chapter third summarizes the findings of a forthcoming Bank report Toward Sustainable Growth in Nigeria: Empirical Analysis and Policy options, which analyzes the patterns of economic growth in Nigeria; the underlying determinants of growth from both a macro and micro perspective; and policy priorities tosupport higher growth. In addition, analysis of constraints to doing business and the impact of current trade policies highlights the need to improve access to finance, improve the reliability of power supply, and adjust trade policies to promote productivity growth
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of this paper is to develop an approach for integrating a gender dimension into Agricultural Sector Risk Assessments (ASRAs). The focus is on the approach because both agricultural risk and gender issues are contextual, thus the outcomes of a gender-based risk assessment are highly dependent on the social, cultural, geo-graphic, and economic contexts of the setting in which the assessment is applied. The organization of the paper reflects the challenges of incorporating a gender dimension into ASRAs. The conceptual framework and step-by-step illustrations presented herein are based on lessons learned by the World Bank and other institutions in assisting developing economies in conducting sector and key commodity supply chain risk assessments (World Bank 2015a). The paper also relies on recent work by international institutions and academic research that offer insights into the complexities of gender issues in relation to agricultural shocks. These experiences inform this paper's case for a gender-based approach to Agriculture Risk Management (ARM) and help to illustrate a practical, stepwise approach for conducting gender-based ASRAs. This paper is arranged as follows: Chapter 2 offers a summary of the conceptual framework for risk management, including addressing why a gendered approach to ASRAs is essential; Chapter 3 shows the available evidence that agricultural risk has a gender-differentiated impact on farming households and that farming households adopt a gender-differentiated response to risk; Chapter 4 describes a step-by-step operational approach for doing so, and includes guidance for formulating gender-smart policies and strategies for strengthening agricultural systems' resilience; and Chapter 5 presents a summary of findings and concluding remarks
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The fiscal space analysis for the health sector in Zimbabwe is timely and the need for such analysis has been strongly expressed by the government and its development partners. This imperative is Justified on multiple grounds. As the country is hit by an economic crisis resulting in lower revenues and cuts in expenditures, Understanding the consequences and assessing coping strategies for the health sector is critical. As the Country engages in The implementation of its new health sector strategy which sets ambitious targets in terms of Health outcomes towards Universal Health Coverage, it Is also critical to explore ways to increase resources for the sector, Even in A constrained macro-fiscal environment. The fiscal space analysis also highlights the major sources of inefficiencies to identify areas for improvement to increase the value for money in the sector. Overall, the fiscal space analysis aims to generate evidence to inform MOFED and MOHCC on short-term and medium-term options to generate resources for the health sector. It will provide evidence for government partner consultations on short-term options and choices in light of declining public financing for health and a difficult economic growth outlook
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: While current legislation in Serbia covers some fiscal risks and some aspects of how to manage them, important gaps remain in the country's fiscal risk management framework. Based on discussions at a workshop on fiscal risk management held in Serbia in March 2016, stakeholders from across the government have agreed on the need to establish a Fiscal Risk Management Department (FRMD) within the Ministry of Finance. The stated objective of the new department would be to strengthen fiscal risk management and coordination across the government. Specifically, the responsibilities of the department would include (i) ensuring that fiscal risks are properly identified, quantified, monitored, mitigated, and disclosed, and collecting all available information and analysis relevant for fiscal risk management; (ii) providing advice to the minister of finance on issues of fiscal risk and recommending actions to mitigate risks; and (iii) coordinating all government entities that are involved in or relevant for fiscal risk management
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This analysis looks specifically at the need to ensure continued development of water resources within Lesotho and aims to empower stakeholders to act with more confidence by demonstrating that the implementation strategies can provide benefits to water resources management over a broad range of possible future scenarios. The analysis quantifies a range of possible future conditions to demonstrate the benefits that can be realized over a broad range of possible future outcomes. This quantification is based on a water resource decision support model developed specifically for Lesotho, using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model which couples climate, hydrologic, and water management systems to facilitate an evaluation of the uncertainties and strategies of impacts on specified management metrics. The WEAP model was used to simulate the historic climate based on data from the national government archives and global datasets available in the public domain. These included 121 downscaled Global Climate Model (GCM) projections of future climate over two possible water demand future scenarios, for a total of 244 scenarios up to the year 2050. The analysis concludes the following: (a)Climate change has important determinants for the future, long-term sustainable macroeconomic development of Lesotho: (b)Domestic and industrial water security is highly vulnerable under historical and current climate conditions, as well as under the full range of climate future scenarios; (c) Agriculture production will remain vulnerable to inter-annual variability over the coming decades, particularly with continued reliance on rain fed agriculture; and (d) The Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) will continue to reliably meet transfers to South Africa over the coming decades unless climate conditions are about 5 percent drier or more than the historical record
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The negative GDP growth r ...
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In late 2013, the Ministry of Finance (MoF) of the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) requested that the World Bank and UNSOM jointly conduct a public expenditure review of the security and justice sectors (SJPER). An SJPER is a tool to assist policy and operational decision-making, analyze tradeoffs, and provide options on critical financially-related issues in defense, as well as criminal justice and policing. Three years later, Somalia is undergoing yet another political transition with the election of a new parliament and ultimately a new president. These steps will augur in a new government in 2017 that will be charged with finalizing some of the key issues around the constitution, including the relationship between the federal state and its federal members, as well as leading the country to democratic elections in 2020. Security and justice issues are hinged to many of these overarching political questions; these are two fundamental 'public goods' that are central to the (re)building of the Somali state and the transition from war to peace. In this context, the SJPER is a technical tool to assist the FGS, the federal members, and their international partners in placing these critical security and justice policy questions within a public finance perspective. As a tool, rather than a one-off report, it should be used by the authorities and partners going forward in terms of testing the critical policy questions against the key dimensions studied here, including affordability, efficiency and effectiveness and accountability
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Law and Justice Study
    Abstract: Discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people is widespread and LGBTI exclusion from economic markets, vital services and political spaces is entrenched. This is not just a personal problem, it is a development challenge; not only because discrimination is inherently unjust, but also because "there are substantial costs - social, political, and economic - to not addressing the exclusion of entire groups of people." Understanding the barriers LGBTI people face in accessing markets, services, and spaces is important for designing more inclusive policies and programs
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Abstract: This report examines the impact of rural connectivity on poverty, access to basic services, and income in Armenia, a country which has found itself in a low-growth, low-investment nexus, with stalled poverty reduction. This study attempts to shed light on the linkages between transport and poverty in Armenia. The rest of the report is structured as follows: Section 1 explains the evolution of selected social, economic, and demographic indicators for Armenia during the analysis period; Section 2 lays out the conceptual framework for operationalizing shared prosperity and poverty in rural transport operations; Section 3 proposes a systematic but non-exhaustive collection of literature on rural road impact studies in low- and middle-income countries; Section 4 examines regional gaps in accessibility to markets and services which were computed with the use of the first geographic information system (GIS) based mapping platform of its kind in Armenia, and introduces the potential association between accessibility and poverty in Armenia; Section 5 characterizes key social and economic indicators in the project's immediate area of influence to then summarize household-level outcomes obtained from a comprehensive qualitative analysis and community-level findings resulting from a nighttime lights analysis; and Section 6 summarizes the lessons learnt and the directions for future research. The report concludes with policy implications from this research and directions for future analytical and operational work on transport and poverty in Armenia
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The economic outlook for the developing EAP region remains positive, and will benefit from an improved external environment as well as strong domestic demand. The growth of regional GDP excluding China is forecast to accelerate in 2018, while China's GDP growth is expected to decline in 2018 and 2019, although remain higher than most countries in the region. Poverty is projected to continue its long-term decline. Major downside risks include financial sector vulnerabilities, large fiscal imbalances, and the possible escalation of geopolitical tensions. The improved outlook for global growth provides a window of opportunity for developing EAP to continue to reduce key vulnerabilities and strengthen the foundations for sustained and inclusive growth in the medium term. The region could also benefit from further developing tourism sectors and deepening of regional integration, to offset the emerging global protectionism. And policies to ensure inclusive growth should involve ensuring economic mobility and security for all, going beyond the primary focus on reducing poverty
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water and Sanitation Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Cities in the developing world are witnessing unprecedented growth rates. It is expected that 70 percent of the global population will live in cities by 2050. In urban areas, as in rural areas, women and girls are often the primary users, providers, and managers of water in their household, and are the guardians of household hygiene and health. In spaces of urban poverty, such as slums, women and girls experience multiple deprivations that arise from insecurity of land tenure, informal access mechanisms, over- crowding, and the various stresses of urban life. The water supply and sanitation sector, is the juncture at which broader goals of poverty alleviation, social development, gender equality, and sustainable urban development converge. How issues of gender and urban poverty can be addressed comprehensively in the design and implementation of urban water supply and sanitation (UWSS) programs is not yet well understood. In order to address these gaps in knowledge, the World Bank commissioned a study to analyze UWSS issues among the urban poor through a gender and social exclusion lens. Using India, with its burgeoning population and growing number of urban poor, as the context, this study assesses how women, girls, and socially excluded groups are impacted by poor access to water supply and sanitation and how they can be engaged in the design and management of water supply and sanitation programs. It is expected that the findings from this study will inform Government of India's policies in this sector and assist in the design of future World Bank-supported UWSS projects
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Republic of South Sudan emerged in 2011 from decades of conflict as the world's newest independent country, with huge state and peace building challenges, and extreme institutional and socio-economic deficits.By August 2016, South Sudan displayed all the signs of macroeconomic collapse,with output contracting, and inflation and parallel exchange market premium spiraling.The fiscal deficit remained high, although its exact magnitude is difficult to estimate given the lack of real time data.The financing situation is dire. Monetization of the fiscal deficit explains to a large extent the high inflation, although there are some indications that borrowing from theBank of South Sudan had been limited in recent months.The current account deficit is estimated to have narrowed to about 1.6 percent in FY2016/17 from about 6.1 percent of GDP in FY2015/16.The South Sudanese Pound (SSP) continued to depreciate.Restoring peace, including reform of the security sector, followed by efforts to rein in public sector borrowing to levels that avoid printing money are necessary preconditions for any stabilization program.The FY17/18 National Budget aims to restore macroeconomic stability, but lacks credibility.Even if the economy showed some recovery starting in 2018, projections suggest that poverty will continue to rise through 2019 as economic growth is likely to be surpassed by population growth
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Forests have been receiving increased attention over the past few years, particularly through international climate change negotiations and efforts to develop a mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. In many forest-rich countries, the implementation of the recently declared COP21 INDC1 targets builds significantly on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions and emission avoidance related to forests. Most of these countries will require considerable new investments in forestry that can be realized only through an increased level of financing over the next few years. Given the scale of the financing requirements, prevailing macroeconomic conditions, and fiscal constraints, it is unlikely that these countries will be able to fund these programs alone
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Institutional and Governance Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report was developed ...
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Sri Lanka Development Update has two main aims. First, it reports on the key developments over the past six months in Sri Lanka's economy, and places these in a longer term and global context. Based on these developments, and on policy changes over the period, it updates the outlook for Sri Lanka's economy and social welfare. Second, the Update provides a more in-depth examination of selected economic and policy issues, and analysis of medium-term development challenges. It is intended for a wide audience, including policymakers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Sri Lanka's evolving economy
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is among the five poorest countries in the world, whether measured by poverty rate or number of poor. Political instability and rapid demographic growth "the second highest in Africa" have driven an increase in the total number of poor that puts extreme pressure on the country's derelict infrastructure. Access to improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services is low, with particularly dramatic shortfalls among the poorest and rural dwellers, but a pervasive lack of truly safe services even among wealthier and urban households. Water contamination is common even among households with access to piped water in major urban areas, and nearly universal in the rural areas surveyed by this diagnostic. This contamination is making WASH a key contributing factor to a silent emergency that is placing DRC's poor and rapidly growing population at risk of permanent disconnect: widespread malnutrition. Malnutrition is especially common among DRC's children (43 percent in 2014) and has been shown to have irreversible negative effects on physical and cognitive development. This diagnostic analyses these trends and links them to institutional weaknesses in the WASH sector, in particular institutional fragmentation, weak capacity, and a bias toward specific institutions and services. Opportunities for improvement are analyzed and condensed into six clear messages that provide guidance on the way forward for the WASH sector in the DRC
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water and Sanitation Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report is part of a ...
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Afghanistan Development Update, which is published twice a year, provides a comprehensive report of the state of the Afghan economy. It covers recent economic developments and outlines the medium-term outlook for Afghanistan. Afghanistan. Each edition includes a section that provides in-depth analysis on one or more specific focus topics. The lack of high-frequency data in Afghanistan makes it difficult to track economic activities on a monthly or quarterly basis. Thus, proxy indicators are utilized when their quality is deemed satisfactory. Efforts are made to ensure that key analysis and forecasts are based primarily on reliable sets of data. The Afghanistan Development Update is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, the donor community, the private sector, the community of analysts and professionals engaged in monitoring the economy and Afghanistan's citizens at large. In this issue of the Update, the Focus Section discusses how economic stimulus can be provided in Afghanistan's resource-constrained environment. In the context of the economic slowdown, Afghanistan faces the difficult dilemma of balancing measures to stimulate the economy while at the same time avoiding a further weakening of its fiscal position. The fiscal space is already extremely limited, with no room to increase public expenditure or to lower taxes. Thus, the Government must implement initiatives to maximize the growth impact of fiscal expenditure. First, policies to encourage government spending on non-tradable goods from local suppliers will ensure that demand taps domestic production, rather than imports. Second, policies to improve absorptive capacity will increase the quality, speed of execution and value for money of public investments. Third, policies to promote contestable markets in banking and construction will stimulate the entry of small and medium-sized firms in both sectors. Fourth, polices to increase fiscal space should include measures to improve revenue mobilization and to use existing resources more effectively, which will release additional resources
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Seychelles Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) aims to identify the most pressing constraints to inclusive, sustained growth in Seychelles, based on a comprehensive search for, and analysis of, evidence. The SCD is presented using a slide deck which lays out the analysis and results. This document provides a brief overview of the approach taken, and sets the stage for the SCD. It also provides additional information: six selected supplementary topical notes, and annexes (data diagnostic, summary of consultations, and sources). The framework adopted by the SCD takes as its starting point that Seychelles is a successful, high-income, small island state. The country now seeks to secure the sustainability of its development progress to date, to accelerate this progress, and to address a high level of public concern being reflected in political discourse over disparities in incomes and opportunities. The SCD examines Seychelles' economic growth characteristics, the characteristics of poverty and income distribution (inclusion), and the risks to environmental, social and macroeconomic sustainability. The approach is systematic in that it attempts to be as comprehensive as possible, within the constraints of the available data, by harnessing the existing evidence and conducting new analysis where feasible, informed by consultations. Finally, the SCD sorts the 13 constraints identified into five top priorities, five additional priorities, and a further three areas which should be considered for priority action, subject to confirmation from additional analysis ('likely priorities'). This prioritization was based on an assessment of how important each constraint was, directly, to meeting the relevant challenge, indirectly, through its potential impact in helping to loosen other constraints (complementarity), the strength of the evidence base on the importance of the constraint, and, finally, the attainability of addressing the constraint (reflecting factors such as cost, technical difficulty and timeframe)
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Solomon Islands is a small, remote archipelago in the South Pacific that faces a fairly unique set of development challenges. Solomon Islands is now at a critical juncture in its development trajectory. Neither the economic geography nor the present political economy of Solomon Islands is particularly conducive to the establishment of state institutions capable of managing upcoming socioeconomic change. Because of the weaknesses of state institutions, and consistent with Solom on Islands' historical experience, a variety of non-state and international actors will need to play important roles in managing upcoming and potentially risky socioeconomic change. This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Solomon Islands identifies key challenges and opportunities for achieving inclusive and sustainable growth, to accelerate progress toward the World Bank Group's twin goals of reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity
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