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  • 1970-1974  (18)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (18)
  • Sociology—Methodology.  (9)
  • Humanities  (5)
  • Language and languages—Philosophy.
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Language
Year
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789401092760
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (407p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 7-1
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 7-1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I: Economics of Decision -- Introductory Note -- 1. Rational Behavior, Uncertain Prospects, and Measurable Utility (1950) -- 2. Why ‘Should’ Statisticians and Businessmen Maximize ‘Moral Expectation’ ? (1951) -- 3. Scaling of Utilities and Probabilities (1954) -- 4. Probability in the Social Sciences (1954) -- 5. Norms and Habits of Decision Making Under Certainty (1955) -- 6. Experimental Tests of a Stochastic Decision Theory (1959) -- 7. Random Orderings and Stochastic Theories of Responses (1960) -- 8. Binary-Choice Constraints and Random Utility Indicators (1960) -- 9. Actual Versus Consistent Decision Behavior (1964) -- 10. Stochastic Models of Choice Behavior (1963) -- 11. On Adaptive Programming (1963) -- 12. An Experimental Study of Some Stochastic Models for Wagers (1963) -- 13. The Payoff-Relevant Description of States and Acts (1963) -- 14. Probabilities of Choices Among Very Similar Objects: An Experiment to Decide Between Two Models (1963) -- 15. Measuring Utility by a Single-Response Sequential Method (1964) -- 16. Decision Making: Economic Aspects (1968) -- 17. The Economic Man’s Logic (1970) -- 18. Economics of Acting, Thinking, and Surviving (1974) -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The papers of Jacob Marschak which follow in these volumes are an extraordinary combination of original and fruitful departures in economic and social thought, superb clarity of exposition, and sensitivity to the values of earlier work and even competing traditions. They make us marvel alike at their variety, their quantity, and their quality. But they do not, even so, fully reflect Marschak's contributions to the development of social science. He has had an unusual influence as one who exercises leadership. In a formal, organizational sense, this role has been manifest in his capacity as Director of the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, then at the University of Chicago, in that organization's most productive and influential period, and later in his central role in the Western Management Science Institute, at the University of California at Los Angeles. I can speak from first-hand knowledge about the first. His special capacities are, first, the recognition of promising new concepts and of promising young scholars, and, second, getting his colleagues to join him in developing the ideas and involving them fully in the necessary tasks. There was an unusual combination of strength and humility in his methods; a display of force in pushing the work along but a willingness, almost an insistence, on treating even the most junior associate as a fully equal colleague in intellectual develop­ ment, whose criticism of himself was to be encouraged. His leadership has been exercised in the absence of formal positions.
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  • 2
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401021616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (289p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 2
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. Two-Person Games -- Prisoner’s Dilemma — Recollections and Observations -- Structural Properties and Resolutions of the Prisoners’ Dilemma Game -- On 2×2 Games and Braithwaite’s Arbitration Scheme -- Design and Conduct of Metagame Theoretic Experiments -- Testing Nash’s Solution of the Cooperative Game -- II. N-Person Games -- Test of the Bargaining Set and Kernel Models in Three-person Games -- Test of the Kernel and Two Bargaining Set Models in Four- and Five-person Games -- A Shapley Value for Cooperative Games with Quarrelling -- Coalitions and Payoffs in Three-person Supergames under Multiple-trial Agreements -- The Application of Compromise Solutions to Reporting Games -- ‘General’ Metagames: An Extension of the Metagame Concept.
    Abstract: Game theory could be formally defined as a theory of rational decision in conflict situations. Models of such situations, as they are conceived in game theory, involve (1) a set of decision makers, called players; (2) a set of strategies available to each player; (3) a set of outcomes, each of which is a result of particular choices of strategies made by the players on a given play of the game; and (4) a set of payoffs accorded to each player in each of the possible outcomes. It is assumed that each player is 'individually rational', in the sense that his preference ordering of the outcomes is determined by the order of magnitudes of his (and only his) associated payoffs. Further, a player is rational in the sense that he assumes that every other player is rational in the above sense. The rational player utilizes knowledge of the other players' payoffs in guiding his choice of strategy, because it gives him information about how the other players' choices are guided. Since, in general, the orders of magnitude of the payoffs that accrue to the several players in the several outcomes do not coincide, a game of strategy is a model of a situation involving conflicts of interests.
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  • 3
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401021593
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (201p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 1
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. Objective Theory of Inductive Behaviour -- Elements of an Objective Theory of Inductive Behaviour -- On the Problem of Vagueness in the Social Sciences -- Notes On Etiality, the Adaptation Criterion, and the ‘Inference-Decision’ Problem -- II. Problems of Inference -- Comparison of Inference Philosophies -- On the Logic of Tests of Significance with Special Reference to Testing the Significance of Poisson-Distributed Observations -- III. Probability, Information and Utility -- Probability and Utility — Dual Concepts in Decision Theory -- Entropy and Utility -- Entropy, Gravity and Utility in Transportation Modelling -- IV. Semantic Information -- Prior and Posterior Probabilities and Semantic Information -- Remarks on Semantic Information -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Under the title 'Information, Inference and Decision' this volume in the Theory and Decision Library presents some papers on issues from the borderland of statistical inference philosophy and epistemology, written by statisticians and decision theorists who belonged or are allied to the former Saarbriicken school of statistical decision theory. In the first part I make an attempt to outline an objective theory of inductive behaviour, on the basis of R. A. Fisher's statistical inference philosophy, on the one hand, and R. Carnap's inductive logic, on the other. A special problem arising in the context of the new theory, viz., the problem of vagueness of concepts (in particular in the social sciences) is treated separately by H. Skala and myself. B. Leiner has contributed some biographical and bibliographical notes on the objective theory of inductive behaviour. Part II is concerned with inference philosophy. D. A. S. Fraser, the founder of structural inference theory, characterizes and compares some inference philosophies, and discusses his own and the arguments of the critics of his structural theory. In my opinion, Fraser's structural infer­ ence theory is suited to complete Fisher's inference philosophy in some essential points, if not to replace it. An interesting task for future re­ search work is to establish the connection between Fraser's theory and Carnap's ideas in the framework of an objective theory of inductive behaviour.
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  • 4
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401023016
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (173p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 1
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Representation and Language -- II: A Mentalistic Theory -- III: Rules -- IV: Translation and Theories -- V: Explanation and Truth -- VI: The Protosemantics of Basic Claims -- VII: The Protosemantics of Complex Claims -- VIII: Representation and Man -- Appendix I. Notes -- Appendix II. Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book is nominally about linguistic representation. But, since it is we who do the representing, it is also about us. And, since it is the universe which we represent, it is also about the universe. In the end, then, this book is about everything, which, since it is a philosophy book, is as it should be. I recognize that it is nowadays unfashionable to write books about every­ thing. Philosophers of language, it will be said, ought to stick to writing about language; philosophers of science, to writing about science; epis­ temologists, to writing about knowing; and so on. The real world, however, perversely refuses to carve itself up so neatly, and, although I recognize that the real w,orld is nowadays also unfashionable, in the end I judged that one might get closer to the truth of various matters by going along with it. So I have done so. lt was Wilfrid Sellars who initially convinced me of the virtues of this way of proceeding. At this point one normally says something like "The debt that this book owes him is immense". I would say it too, were it not to understate the case, From Wilfrid, I learned to think about things. If the upshot of my thinking tends, as it obviously does, to show a general con­ silience with the upshot of his, it is primarily because he is so very good at it - and he had a head start.
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  • 5
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401092807
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (409p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 7-3
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 7-3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: III: Money and Other Assets Introductory Note -- 33. Money and the Theory of Assets (1938) -- 34. Assets, Prices and Monetary Theory (1938) -- 35. Lack of Confidence (1941) -- 36. Wicksell’s Two Interest Rates (1941) -- 37. Role of Liquidity under Complete and Incomplete Information (1949) -- 38. The Rationale of the Demand for Money and of ‘Money Illusion’ (1950) -- 39. Optimal Investment of a Firm (1950) -- 40. Monnaie et Liquidité dans les Modèles macroéconomiques et microéconomiques (1954) -- IV: Economic Measurements Introductory Note -- 41. A Note on the Period of Production (1934) -- 42. Measurements in the Capital Market (1935/6) -- 43. An Empirical Analysis of the Laws of Distribution (1936) -- 44. Personal and Collective Budget Functions (1939) -- 45. Economic Interdependence and Statistical Analysis (1942) -- 46. Money Illusion and Demand Analysis (1943) -- 47. Random Simultaneous Equations and the Theory of Production (1944) -- 48. Economic Structure, Path, Policy, and Prediction (1947) -- 49. Economic Measurements for Policy and Prediction (1953) -- V: Contributions to the Logic of Economics Introductory Note -- 50. Identity and Stability in Economics: A Survey (1942) -- 51. A Cross Section of Business Cycle Discussion: A Review of ‘Readings’ (1945) -- 52. Comment on Mitchell (1951) -- 53. Wladimir Woytinsky and Economic Theory (1962) -- 54. On Econometric Tools (1969) -- 55. Interdisciplinary Discussions on Mathematics in Behavioral Sciences (1972) -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 6
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401022590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (443p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 6
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. General Methodology -- A New Epitheoretical Analysis of Social Theories; A Reconstruction of their Background Knowledge including a Model of Statistical Decision Theory -- Theories and Phenomena -- Partial Interpretation and Microeconomics -- The Foundation of Science on Cognitive Mini-Models, with Applications to the German Methodenstreit and the Advent of Econometrics -- II. Methods for Laying the Foundations of Social Systems and Social Structures -- Systems of Social Exchange -- The Concept of Social Structure -- Societies and Social Decision Functions -- Honing Occam’s Razor: A General System Theory Perspective on Social Science Methodology -- III. Vagueness, Imprecision and Uncertainty in Social Laws and Forecasts -- Toward Fuzzy Reasoning in the Behavioral Sciences -- Evolutionary Laws in the Social Sciences -- Methodological Analysis of Imprecision in the Assessment of Personal Probabilities -- The Necessity, Sufficiency and Desirability of Experts as Value Forecasters -- Rational Choice Models and Self-Fulfilling and Self-Defeating Prophecies -- IV. Methodology of Statistics and Hypothesis Testing -- Statistical Probabilities: Single Case Propensities vs. Long-Run Frequencies -- Variety of Objects as a Parameter for Experimentation: An Extension of Carnap’s Inductive Logic -- The Strategic Combination Argument -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Philosophy of Science deals with the problem, 'What is science?' It seems that the answer to this question can only be found if we have an answer to the question, 'How does science function?' Thus, the study of the methodology of social sciences is a prominent factor in any analysis of these sciences. The history of philosophy shows clearly that the answer to the question, 'How does science function?' was the conditio sine qua non of any kind of philosophy of science, epistemology and even of logic. Aristotle, Hume, Kant, Mill, Russell, to mention a few classical authors, clearly emphasized the primacy of methodology of science for any kind of philosophy of science. One may even state that analyses of the presup­ positions, the foundations, the aims, goals and purposes of science are nothing else than analyses of their general and specific formal, as well as practical and empirical methods. Thus, the whole program of any phi­ losophy of science is dependent on the analysis of the methods of sciences and the establishment of their criteria. If the study of scientific method is the predominant factor in the philosophy of science, then all the other problems will depend on the outcome of such a study. For example, the old question of a possible unity of all social sciences will be brought to a solution by the study of the presuppositions, the methods, as well as of the criteria germane to all social sciences.
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  • 7
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401021807
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (187p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 4
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Pragmatics as Biology or Culture -- From Animal Communication to Human Speech. An Attempt at a Semiotic Analysis of the Problems of the Origins of Language -- Experiments with Everyday Conversation -- Interviewing and Memory -- Fifty-Two Oppositions Between Scientific and Poetic Communication -- Experimental Issues in Sentence Comprehension : Complexity and Segmentation -- Linguistic Structure and Sentence Production -- Information, Decision, and the Scientist.
    Abstract: 'Human Communication' is a field of interest of enormous breadth, being one which has concerned students of many different disciplines. It spans the imagined 'gap' between the 'arts' and the 'sciences', but it forms no unified academic subject. There is no commonly accepted terminology to cover aU aspects. The eight articles comprising this book have been chosen to illustrate something of the diversity yet, at the same time, to be comprehensible to readers from different academic disciplines. They cannot pretend to cover the whole field! Some attempt has been made to present them in an order which represents a continuity of theme, though this is merely an opinion. Most publications of this type form the proceedings of some sympo­ sium, or conference. In this case, however, there has been no such unifying influence, no collaboration, no discussions. The authors have been drawn from a number of different countries. The first article, by John Marshall and Roger Wales (Great Britain) concerns the pragmatic values of communication, starting by considering bird-song and passing to the infinitely more complex 'meaningful' values of human language and pictures. The 'pragmatic aspect' means the usefulness - what does language or bird song do for humans and birds? What adaptation or survival values does it have? These questions are then considered in relation to brain specialisation for representation of experience and cognition.
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  • 8
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401092784
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (374p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 7-2
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 7-2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: II: Economics of Information and Organization -- Introductory Note -- 19. Optimal Inventory Policy (1951) -- 20. Towards an Economic Theory of Organization and Information (1954) -- 21. Elements for a Theory of Teams (1955) -- 22. Efficient and Viable Organizational Forms (1959) -- 23. Remarks on the Economics of Information (1959) -- 24. Theory of an Efficient Several Person Firm (1960) -- 25. Problems in Information Economics (1964) -- 26. The Cost of Decision Making: An Interdisciplinary Discussion (1956) -- 27. Economics of Language (1965) -- 28. Economic Planning and the Cost of Thinking (1966) -- 29. Economic Comparability of Information Systems (1968) -- 30. Economics of Inquiring, Communicating, Deciding (1968) -- 31. Economics of Information Systems (1971) -- 32. Optimal Systems for Information and Decision (1972) -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 9
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401020930
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (561p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 16
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I/The Anatomy of Acquired Disorders of Reading (1962) -- II/Random Reports: Human Split-Brain Syndromes (1962) -- III/A Human Cerebral Deconnection Syndrome (1962) -- IV/Carl Wernicke, the Breslau School and the History of Aphasia (1963) -- V/The Paradoxical Position of Kurt Goldstein in the History of Aphasia (1964) -- VI/Non-Aphasic Disorders of Speech (1964) -- VII/The Development of the Brain and the Evolution of Language (1964) -- VIII/Disconnexion Syndromes in Animals and Man (1965) -- IX/Color-Naming Defects in Association with Alexia (1966) -- X/Language-Induced Epilepsy (1967) -- XI/The Varieties of Naming Errors (1967) -- XII/Wernicke’s Contribution to the Study of Aphasia (1967) -- XIII/Shrinking Retrograde Amnesia (1967) -- XIV/The Apraxias (1967) -- XV/Dichotic Listening in Man after Section of Neocortical Commissures (1968) -- XVI/Isolation of the Speech Area (1968) -- XVII/Human Brain: Left-Right Asymmetries in Temporal Speech Region (1968) -- XVIII/Developmental Gerstmann Syndrome (1969) -- XIX/The Alexias (1969) -- XX/Problems in the Anatomical Understanding of the Aphasias (1969) -- XXI/The Organization of Language and the Brain (1970) -- XXII/Disorders of Higher Cortical Function in Children (1972) -- XXIII/Writing Disturbances in Acute Confusional States (1972) -- XXIV/A Review: Traumatic Aphasia by A. R. Luria (1972) -- XXV/Conduction Aphasia. (1973) -- XXVI/Apraxia and Agraphia in a Left-Hander (1973) -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Philosophers of science work not only with the methods of the sciences but with their contents as well. Substantive issues concerning the relation between mind and matter, between the material basis and the functions of cognition, have been central within the entire history of philosophy. We recall such philosophers as Aristotle, Descartes, the early Kant, Ernst Mach, and the early William James as directly inquiring of the organs and structures of thinking. Science and its philosophical self-criticism are especially and deeply united in the effort to understand the biological brain and human behavior, and so it requires no apology to include this collection of clinical studies among Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. The work of Dr. Norman Geschwind, well represented in this selection, explores the relation between structure and function, between the anatomy of the brain and the 'higher' behavior of men and women. As a clinical neurologist, Geschwind was led to these studies particularly by his in­ terest in those pathologies which have to do with human perception and language. His research into the anatomical substrates of specific dis­ orders-and strikingly the aphasias -present a fascinating and provocative examination of fundamental questions which will concern not neurologists alone but also psychologists, physicians, linguists, speech pathologists, educators, anthropologists, historians of medicine, and philosophers, among others, namely all those interested in the characteristic modes of human activity, in speech, in perception, and in the learning process generally.
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  • 10
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401022880
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 8
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: The Value of Studying Subjective Evaluations of Probability -- The True Subjective Probability Problem -- Subjective Probability: A Judgment of Representativeness -- The Psychological Concept of Subjective Probability: A Measurement-Theoretic View -- Are Subjective Probabilities Probabilities? -- On the Generalizability of Experimental Results -- Statistical Analysis: Theory Versus Practice -- A Selected Bibliography -- Author Index.
    Abstract: 1. BACKGROUND The last twenty-five years have seen a large amount of psychological research in the area of behavioral decision theory. It followed the major breakthrough of decision theory that came with von Neumann and Morgenstern's Theory of Games and Economic Behavior in 1944. The key concepts are probability as a measure of uncertainty and utility as a measure of value and risk. The theory prescribes, given some behavioral axioms, that alternatives should be ranked in accordance with their expected utilities. Psychologists became interested in studying how people's decision behavior agreed with what was prescribed by the theory. Three broad areas for research developed, i. e. , research relating to each of the two concepts of probability and utility, and research relating to the interaction of the two in decision stituations. The papers in this book have been selected to illustrate various aspects of how the concept of probability has been used in psychological ex­ perimentation. The early experiments were generated, as mentioned above, by an interest among psychologists to see how people evaluate uncertainty and quantify it in probabilistic terms. Many of these experiments set out to evaluate subjects' estimates of relative frequencies; these were situations where one had access to 'objective' answers. In the 1960's psychologists changed the focus of their studies to how people revise probabilistic judgments when they receive new information. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the cognitive processes by which people express their judgment in probabilistic terms.
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  • 11
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401026673
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 3
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- Bertrand Russell’s regulae philosophandi -- II: Formal Science -- Mathematics and Ontology -- Gaps Between Logical Theory and Mathematical Practice -- III: Physics -- Relativity and Covariance -- IV: Biology -- Preliminary Remarks on the Organ-Function Relation -- The Logical Status of the Theory of Natural Selection and Other Evolutionary Controversies -- V: Psychology -- On Confusing ‘Measure’ with ‘Measurement’ in the Methodology of Behavioral Science -- Theoretical Concepts in Neobehavioristic Theories -- VI: Political Science -- Voting Rules and Coordination Problems -- VII: Historiography -- Historical Time and a New Conception of the Historical Sciences -- VIII: Ethics -- Some Problems of Ought-Utilitarianism, Valuation, and Deontic Logic -- IX: Metaphysics -- Human Freedom and 1568 Versions of Determinism and Indeterminism.
    Abstract: The present volume collects some of the talks given at the Bertrand Russell Colloquium on Exact Philosophy, attached to the McGill University Foundations and Philosophy of Science Unit. It also includes a paper, on Bertrand Russell's method of philosophizing, read at the memorial symposium held at Sir Gorge Williams University shortly after the philosopher's death. All the papers appear here for the first time. Unlike many a philosophy of science anthology, this one is not center­ ed on the philosophy of physics. In fact the papers deal with conceptual and, in particular, philosophical problems that pop up in almost every one of the provinces of the vast territory constituted by the foundations, meth­ odology and philosophy of science. A couple of border territories which are in the process of being infiltrated have been added for good measure. The inclusion of papers in the philosophy of formal science and in the philosophies of physics and of biology, in a volume belonging to a series devoted to the philosophy and methodology of the social and behavioral sciences, should raise no eyebrows. Because the sciences of man make use of logic and mathematics, they are interested in questions such as whether the formal sciences have anything to do with reality (rather than with our theories about reality) and whether or not logic has kept up with the practice of mathematicians. These two problems are tackled in Part II, on the philosophy of formal science.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401025065
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (534p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 49
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 49
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Grammar -- 1. Sentence Stress and Syntactic Transformations -- 2. The Acquisition of Phonology and Syntax: A Preliminary Study -- 3. A Syntactical Analysis of Some First-Grade Readers -- 4. A Computational Treatment of Case Grammar -- 5. Identifiability of a Class of Transformational Grammars -- 6. On the Insufficiency of Surface Data for the Learning of Transformational Languages -- 7. Nonfiltering and Local-Filtering Transformational Grammars -- II. Semantics -- 8. Grammar and Logic: Some Borderline Problems -- 9. Comments on Hintikka’s Paper -- 10. The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English -- 11. Comments on Montague’s Paper -- 12. Comments on Montague’s Paper -- 13. Mass Terms in English -- 14. Comments on Moravcsik’s Paper -- 15. Comments on Moravcsik’s Paper -- 16. Comments on Moravcsik’s Paper -- 17. Reply to Comments -- 18. The Semantics of Belief-Sentences -- 19. Comments on Professor Partee’ s Paper -- 20. Comments on Partee’s Paper -- 21. Semantics of Context-free Fragments of Natural Languages -- 22. Representation of the Montague Semantics as a Form of the Suppes Semantics with Applications to the Problem of the Introduction of the Passive Voice, the Tenses, and Negation as Transformations -- III. Special Topics -- 23. On the Problem of Subject Structure in Language with Application to Late Archaic Chinese -- 24. Comments on Cheng’s Paper -- 25. Some Considerations for the Process of Topicalization -- 26 Late Lexicalizations -- 27. Bob and Carol and Ted and Alice.
    Abstract: The papers and comments published in the present volume represent the proceedings of a research workshop on the grammar and semantics of natural languages held at Stanford University in the fall of 1970. The workshop met first for three days in September and then for a period of two days in November for extended discussion and analysis. The workshop was sponsored by the Committee on Basic Research in Education, which has been funded by the United States Office of Education through a grant to the National Academy of Education and the National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council. We acknowledge with pleasure the sponsorship which made possible a series oflively and stimulating meetings that were both enjoyable and instructive for the three of us, and, we hope, for most of the participants, including a number of local linguists and philosophers who did not contribute papers but actively joined in the discussion. One of the central participants in the workshop was Richard Montague. We record our sense of loss at his tragic death early in 1971, and we dedicate this volume to his memory. None of the papers in the present volume discusses explicitly problems of education. In our view such a discussion is neither necessary nor sufficient for a contribution to basic research in education. There are in fact good reasons why the kind of work reported in the present volume constitutes an important aspect of basic research in education.
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  • 13
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025577
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (779p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 40
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Subjects, Speakers, and Roles -- Deep Structure as Logical Form -- Troubles about Actions -- Act -- Some Problems Concerning the Logic of Grammatical Modifiers -- Pragmatics and Intensional Logic -- General Semantics -- On the Frame of Reference -- Naming and Necessity -- Proper Names and Identifying Descriptions -- Pragmatics -- The Semantics of Modal Notions and the Indeterminacy of Ontology -- Opacity, Coreference, and Pronouns -- Methodological Reflections on Current Linguistic Theory -- Grammar and Philosophy -- Analytic/Synthetic and Semantic Theory -- A Program for Syntax -- A Program for Logic -- Linguistics and Natural Logic -- Semantical Archaeology: A Parable -- On the Semantics of the Ought-To-Do -- Inference and Self-Reference -- What Is Said -- The Role of Inductive Reasoning in the Interpretation of Metaphor -- Probabilistic Grammars for Natural Languages -- Addenda to Saul A. Kripke’s Paper ‘Naming and Necessity’.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401710374
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 214 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees 52
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I — Introduction -- II — The Academica and Its Influence and Distribution in Antiquity and the Middle Ages -- III — The Academica in the Renaissance: A General Survey -- IV — The Academica at Paris in the Middle of the Sixteenth Century: Talon, Galland, and Others -- V — Giulio Castellani and the Academica -- VI — Joannes Rosa and His Commentary on the Academica -- VII — Summary and Conclusions -- Appendices.
    Abstract: As originally planned this volume was meant to cover a somewhat wider scope than, in fact, it has turned out to do. When, in rg68, I initially conceived of preparing it, it was proposed to deal with several aspects of early modern scepticism, in addition to the fortuna of the Academica, and to publish various loosely related pieces under the title of 'Studies in the History of Early Modern Scepticism. ' Thereby, I foresaw that I would exhaust my knowledge of the subject and would then be able to turn my attention to other matters. In initiating my research on this topic, however, I soon found that there remained a much greater bulk of material to study than could possibly be dealt with between the covers of the single modest volume which I envisioned. My proposed section on Cicero's Academica was to cover between 50 and 75 pages in the original plan. It soon became apparent, however, especially after Joannes Rosa's hitherto unstudied commentary on Cicero's work was uncovered, that this material would have to be treated at a much greater length than I had foreseen. The present volume is the result of this expanded investigation. The monograph which has come from this alteration in plans has, I think, the virtues of continuity and cohesive­ ness and one hopes that these advantages offset the benefits of a broader scope which were sacrificed.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401717656
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 358 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 41
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 41
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I Chiefly Biographical and Historical -- I. Family Background and Early Years -- II. The Years of his Advocateship -- III. Lord Kames as Lord of Session and Lord of Justiciary -- IV. The High-Court Judge and the World of Letters: Historical and Biographical -- V. At Home and among Friends: Domestic Relations and Sociability -- VI. “I Fly to my Farm”: A Gentleman Farmer in Overalls -- VII. “For the Good of my Country”: A Study in Public Spirit and Public Service -- VIII. Political Activities and Concern with Public Affairs -- IX. Personal Credo and Life Values -- X. Summary Characterization of Kames the Man -- II Chiefly Theoretical: Lines of Kames’s Thinking and His Contributions to the World of Ideas -- XI. Common-Sense Philosopher and Observer of the Ways of Men -- XII. Through the Eyes of Clio: The Historical Approach -- XIII. Kames’s Philosophy of Law; or, his General View of Jurisprudence -- XIV. Literary Criticism and the Question of Style in Writing -- XV. Education and the Status of Women, and some Anthropological Miscellanies -- XVI. Political and Economic Theory -- XVII. The High-Court Judge and Common-Sense Philosopher Looks at Religion -- XVIII. Summary and Evaluation Dynamic Relations between the Man and the Movement of Life and Thought and Culture -- Appendices -- 1. Selections from Kames’s Letters -- 2. Selections from Prefaces, Dedications, etc. -- 3. Proposal for the Reform of Entails -- 4. A Universal Prayer -- 5. Epitaph by a Friend -- 6. Home—Drummond Family Postscript -- Bibliography of Kames’s Publications -- Princepal Sources on Karnes’ Life and Background -- General Bibliography.
    Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to present the life and work and thought of a remarkable pioneering figure on the Scottish scene over the middle half, broadly, of the eighteenth century, in their dynamic relations with that most extraordinary intellectual awakening and scientific, edu­ cational, literary and religious development of his time generally known as the "Scottish Enlightenment. " That movement in thought and culture was indeed in more ways than one a unique phenomenon in the history of western culture, comparable, in its own manner and measure, as we shall attempt to point out later, with such history-making movements or epochs as the Age of Pericles in Greece, the Augustan Age in Rome, the Renaissance movement in Italy and Western Europe generally, the up-surge both in science and in letters in England in the seventeenth century, and the contemporary movement in France associated with the Encyclopedists. This Scottish Enlightenment, often also spoken of as the "Awakening of Scotland," was of course more than a movement merely on the intel­ lectual and cultural level. It had also political bearings and was rather directly conditioned by events and changes in the political arena, begin­ ning with the Union with England in 1707; and even more directly was it accompanied and conditioned by social and economic changes which were in a short span of time to transform the face of this far-northern country almost beyond recognition.
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  • 16
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401022798
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (403 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Russian Series on Social History 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Regional planning ; History ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: O??ab?eh?e -- ?pe??c?o??e -- ?o?c?e??? -- Co?pa?e??? -- Oc?o???e ??a?? ?c?op?? “Bepe?” -- I. ?a?p??? ? ?c?op?? pycc?o?o oc?o?o???e???o?o ????e??? -- II. Bo????o?e??e “B?epe?” -- III. Tp? ?po?pa??? “B?epe?” -- IV.?a?po? ? e?o co?py?????: -- V. Ha ?oc?y: -- VI. “Co?? pycc??x pe?o????o???x ?py??” -- VII. ?ap??c??? c?e?? ? ??????a??? “B?epe?” -- Co?py????? “B?epe?” (a??a?????? y?a?a?e??) -- ???a??? “B?epe?” -- ?p??e?a???.
    Abstract: The publication of the following material on the history of Vpered represents the fulfilment of a duty both to the founders of the International Institute of Social History and to Nadezhda Nikolaevna Kolachevskaia and Valerian Valerianovich Kolachevskii, who handed over to the Institute so long ago as 1936 the papers of their late husband and father, Valerian a Nikolaevich Smirnov. ) The Institute undertook at that time to publish these papers, and V. V. Kolachevskii planned to use them in compiling a biography of his father. The Second World War and its consequences imposed changes in these plans. The biography of V. N. Smirnov remained unwritten, and work on the publication of documents from his papers was interrupted for a quarter of a century. First, however, some particulars of these papers. We are here concerned with that section of them which relates to a remarkable literary organ of the Russian revolutionary Populist move­ ment, the occasional symposia and the fortnightly newspaper, both called Vpered, founded by Petr Lavrovich Lavrov in 1873. Lavrov was the sole editor of the four volumes of occasional symposia (the fourth volume contains only one issue) which were published in Zurich and London between 1873 and 1876, and the 48 issues of the fortnightly newspaper published in London in 1875 and 1876.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401525985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 148 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bibliotheca Indonesica
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History.
    Abstract: I. A Short History of Patani -- II. The Hikayat Patani and Related Texts -- III.The Structure of the Malay Text Its Authors, Date, Language -- IV. Hikayat Patani (Malay Text) -- V. The Story of Patani (Translation) -- VI. Commentary -- VII.Conclusion -- Plates. Facsimiles of Pages from the Abdullah Manuscript.
    Abstract: The stimulus for the joint venture of which the present book is the visible result was provided by the discovery of a Malay manuscript of the long lost Hikayat Patani by one of the authors, and the publication, quite independently, of a Thai version of the same text by the other. The authors, who were not acquainted with one another before this, "found" each other at the suggestion of Professor O. W. Wolters, to whom they are grateful for the idea. The preparation of the book took place on both sides of the Atlantic, with a frequent exchange of letters containing the results of the work of each author. In August, 1969, Teeuw was given the opportunity to visit Cornell University, where in a fortnight's most intensive contact and concentrated research all the drafts were checked, supplemented, rewritten and improved, and the definitive arrangement of the book decided on. The work on the manuscript was completed in the following four months, again in geographically separated spheres. The actual manuscript was rounded off at the beginning of 1970.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789401525671
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 441 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Bibliographical Series 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Civilization—History.
    Abstract: Illustrations -- Facsimiles of Pages of Hand-written Texts -- Outline Maps, Historical (at the end of the book) -- Minor Lists and Notes -- Addenda et Corrigenda -- General Index of names and Subjects -- 70.000 Introductory Remarks -- 70.001 General Index, Aalderink — Ayu Nunut -- 70.002 General Index, Babad — Byasala -- 70.003 General Index, Cabaton — Cuwil -- 70.004 General Index, Dabatul Ardi — Dyotkranti -- 70.005 General Index, Earthquake — Eyes -- 70.006 General Index, Fables — Fuya -- 70.007 General Index, Gabriel — Guy?ß -- 70.008 General Index, de Haan — Hymn -- 70.009 General Index, Ibarat — Iwa -- 70.010 General Index, Ja M?ngala — Juynboll -- 70.011 General Index, Kabagusan — Kyahi -- 70.012 General Index, Laban — Lyrics -- 70.013 General Index, Ma Dya O — Mythology -- 70.014 General Index, Nabakti — Nymph -- 70.015 General Index, Oath — Oy?k -- 70.016 General Index, Pabalik — Pyagém -- 70.017 General Index, Quail — Quintets -- 70.018 General Index, de Raadt — Rwa Binéda -- 70.019 General Index, Saba Kinkin — Syria -- 70.020 General Index, Ta?? at — Types -- 70.021 General Index, Ucé?rawa — Uwi -- 70.022 General Index, Vagrant Students — Vrijburg -- 70.023 General Index, Wacan — Wyawah?ra -- 70.024 General Index, Yagn?a — Yuyutsuh.
    Abstract: The third, concluding volume of "Literature of Java" contains Addenda and a General Index, preceded by Illustrations, Facsimiles of Manuscripts, Maps and some Minor Notes, additions which may be of U'se to students of Javanese literature. The older catalogues of collections of Indonesian manuscripts (Javanese, Malay, Sundanese, Madurese, Balinese), which were written in Dutch, did not offer such additional aids to interested readers. One of the reasons was. , that the authors (Vreede, Brandes, van Ronkel, Juynboll, Berg) presupposed a certain knowledge of the Indones,ian peoples, their countries and their culture with Dutch students. As often as not the latter, or their families, had lived for many years in Java, and they were destined, when they had completed their studies in The Netherlands, to pass one or more decades of 'their active life in the ,tropics in the service of Government, the Christian Missions or the Bible Society. The Archipelago was their second home country. Some familiarity with things Indonesian was found in several circles of society in The Netherlands before the second world war, and information (though not always scholarly and exact) was supplied by quite a number of books and periodicals. For this reason it was thought superfluoU's to encumber specialistic books like catalogues of manuscripts with maps and general information which could be found easily elsewhere, for instance in the Dutch "Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indie". As circumstances have changed it is.
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