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  • 1985-1989  (52)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (52)
  • Philosophy, modern  (33)
  • Genetic epistemology  (21)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Investigating our Mental Powers -- 1.1 Hume: Thinking versus feeling -- 1.2 Reid: Conception versus sensation -- 1.3 Laws of our constitution and epistemologically prior principles -- 1.4 How to arrive at laws of nature -- 1.5 Scientific study of the mind? -- II: The Ideal Hypothesis -- 2.1 Ideas as objects of perception -- 2.2 Perception and impressions on the mind -- 2.3 Perception by way of perceiving images -- 2.4 Is the table we see an image? -- 2.5 The role of sensation in perception -- III: The Epistemological Role of Perception -- 3.1 Is there fallacy of the senses? -- 3.2 The appearance of objects to the eye -- 3.3 Reliance on the senses -- IV: The Constituents of Reality -- 4.1 The testimony of the senses and the world of material bodies -- 4.2 Primary versus secondary qualities -- 4.3 Colour versus shape -- 4.4 Are there other minds than mine? -- 4.5 An intelligent Author of Nature? -- V: What Words Signify -- 5.1 Locke’s theory of signification -- 5.2 What proper names and general words signify according to Reid -- 5.3 Individual and general conceptions -- 5.4 Whether proper names signify attributes -- 5.5 The variety of objects of conception -- 5.6 Conceiving the real and the unreal -- 5.7 Attributions to conceivable individuals -- 5.8 Things objectively in my mind -- VI: Active Power -- 6.1 Knowingly giving rise to new actions -- 6.2 Locke on active power -- 6.3 Reid’s account of active power -- 6.4 Difficulties within Reid’s account -- 6.5 Divine prescience and active power -- 6.6 Is every future event already determined? -- 6.7 Moral attributions and active power -- VII; Causality -- 7.1 Concerning some criticisms of Hume’s view of the causal principle -- 7.2 No proof of the causal principle available within Hume’s philosophy -- 7.3 Past instances and the uniformity of nature -- 7.4 Presupposition and the authority of experience -- 7.5 Reid’s notion of cause -- 7.6 Wisdom, prudence and causal law -- VIII: Identity and Continuity -- 8.1 The sameness of a person -- 8.2 Amnesia and the same person -- 8.3 The Brave Officer paradox -- 8.4 The sameness of plants and artefacts -- 8.5 What is found on entry into the self -- 8.6 Consciousness and awareness of self -- 8.7 Memories and personal identity -- IX: Of Common Sense and First Principles -- 9.1 How to detect first principles -- 9.2 First principles and modes of argument -- 9.3 Our faculties are not fallacious -- 9.4 The first principles to be employed in the investigation of the mind -- 9.5 Accounting for beliefs -- 9.6 First principles and judgments -- 9.7 Providential Naturalism -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book is meant to serve as an introduction to the philosophy of Thomas Reid by way of a study of certain themes central to that philosophy as we find it expounded in his extensive and influential published writings. The choice of these themes inevitably reflects philosophical interests of the author of this book to some extent but a main consideration behind their selection is that they are extensively treated by Reid in response to treatments by certain of his predecessors in an identifiable tradition called by Yolton 'The Way ofIdeas'. My interest in Reid's philosophy was first awakened by the brilliant writings of A.N. Prior, and in particular by Part II of his posthumous 'Objects of Thought' called 'What we think about' together with his suggestion that Reid was a precursor of Mill on the signification of proper names. It is my hope that the standard of exegesis and of discussion throughout the book, and especially in the case of these topics, is a not unworthy tribute to that thinker.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789400923423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 43
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: One Problems of Knowledge and Problems with Epistemology -- Two Descartes’s Defense of the Metaphysical Certainty of Empirical Knowledge -- Three Kant on the Objectivity of Empirical Knowledge -- Four Some Aspects of Empiricism and Empirical Knowledge -- Five William Alston on Justification and Epistemic Circularity -- Six Some Basic Methodological Considerations of Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit -- Seven Self-Criticism and Criteria of Truth -- Eight The Self-Critical Activity of Consciousness -- Nine Some Further Methodological Considerations -- Ten Hegel’s Idealism and Epistemological Realism -- Eleven The Structure of Hegel’s Argument in the Phenomenology of Spirit -- Appendix IV Abbreviations of Frequently Cited Texts -- Appendix V Analytical Table of Contents -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The scope of this study is both ambitious and modest. One of its ambitions is to reintegrate Hegel's theory of knowledge into main stream epist~ology. Hegel's views were formed in consideration of Classical Skepticism and Modern epistemology, and he frequently presupposes great familiarity with other views and the difficulties they face. Setting Hegel's discussion in the context of both traditional and contemporary epistemology is therefore necessary for correctly interpreting his issues, arguments, and views. Accordingly, this is an issues-oriented study. I analyze Hegel's problematic and method by placing them in the context of Sextus Empiricus, Descartes, Kant, Carnap, and William Alston. I discuss Carnap, rather than a Modern empiricist such as Locke or Hume, for several reasons. One is that Hegel himself refutes a fundamental presupposition of Modern empiricism, the doctrine of "knowledge by acquaintance," in the first chapter of the Phenomenology, a chapter that cannot be reconstructed within the bounds of this study.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789400909595
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 44
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 44
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Section I: Constructivism and the logic of science -- Science, a Rational Enterprise? -- The Philosophy of Science and Its Logic -- The Pragmatic Understanding of Language and the Argumentative Function of Logic -- Rules versus Theorems -- On ‘Transcendental’ -- Section II: Constructivism and Protoscience -- Philosophy and the Problem of the Foundations of Mathematics -- Geometry as the Measure-Theoretic A Priori of Physics -- The Concept of Mass -- On the Definition of ‘Probability’ -- Section III: Constructivism and The Value Sciences -- Practical Reason and the Justification of Norms. Fundamental Problems in the Construction of a Theory of Practical Justification -- Protoethics: Towards a Formal Pragmatics of Justificatory Discourse -- Interests -- Is Rational Economics as an Empirical- Quantitative Science Possible? -- Determination by Reality or Construction of Reality? -- Notes On The Contributors.
    Abstract: The idea to produce the current volume was conceived by Jiirgen Mittelstrass and Robert E. Butts in 1978. Idealist philosophers are wrong about one thing: the temporal gap separating idea and reality can be very long indeed - even ten or so years! Problems of timing were joined by personal problems and by the pressure of other professional commitments. Fortunately, James Brown agreed to cooperate in the editing of the volume; the infusion of his usual energy, good judgement and good-natured promptness saved the volume and made its produc­ tion possible. Despite the delays, the messages of the papers included in the book have not gone stale. An extremely worthwhile exercise in international philosophical cooperation has come to fruition; the German constructivist philosophical position is here represented in papers in English that will make its contemporary importance available to a larger audience. The editors owe thanks to many persons. All involved in the project owe much to the interest and support of Nicholas Rescher, a friend of the undertaking from the time of its inception. My review of the translations was helped immensely by Andrea Purvis' careful copy editing of the typescript. Most of all, however, we owe gratitude and admiration for the tireless efforts on behalf of this enterprise to Jiirgen Mittelstrass.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789400924789
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 117
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 117
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1 Einleitung: Fragestellung und Lösungsansatz der folgenden Untersuchungen -- 2 Urteilslehre und Widerspruchsfreiheit bei Husserl: Die verschiedenen Schichten möglicher Thematisierung logischer Konsequenz -- 2.1 Konsequenzlehre als Mathematik der Spielregeln -- 2.2 Konseqiienzlogik als dreischichtige (objektiv gerichtete) „Apophantik“ -- 2.3 Konsequenzlogik als Problem subjektiver Evidenz? Der Stellenwert reflexionstheoretischer Erörterungen Husserls für die Bestimmimg „objektiver“ formaler Logik im ersten Abschnitt von FTL -- 3 Kritik des Satzes vom Widerspruch bei Husserl: Das Programm einer Kritik des Satzes vom Widerspruch und seine Einlösung durch die Theorie widerstreitender Erfahrung -- 3.1 Was heißt „Kritik der logischen Prinzipien“? -- 3.2 Die Kritik der logischen Prinzipien in FTL -- 3.3 Zu den methodischen Voraussetzungen des Übergangs FTL/EU -- 3.4 „Widerstreit“ und „Widerspruch“ in EU -- 4 Urteilstheorie und Dialektikkonzept bei Cohn: Zur Bedeutung des Widerspruchs in Ansehung des Urteils als Urteil im Urteilszusammenhang -- 4.1 Hinführung: „Dialektischer Gedankengang“ — „dialektischer Begriff -- 4.2 Das Verhältnis von TD zu den logischen Prinzipien -- 4.3 Cohns Behandlung der logischen Prinzipien im Verhältnis zur Kritik derselben durch Husserl -- 4.4 Utraquismus und Wahrheit -- 4.5 Urteilszusammenhang und Geltungsanspruch. „Objekt“ und „Subjekt“ für das Erkennen als Aufgabe -- 5 Die Reflexionsproblematik innerhalb der Dialektik Cohns: Erkenntniszusammenhang und Ziel des Erkennens in Cohns Theorie des Selbstbewußtseins -- 5.1 Einleitung -- 5.2 Korrelatives Bewußtsein -- 5.3 Die Dialektik des Selbstbewußtseins -- 5.4 Re-intuivierung und Rekonstruktion -- 5.5 Der Gegensatz „Ich-Kern“ — „Ich-Schale“ -- 6 Reflexionsproblematik und Teleologie der Vernunft bei Husserl: Das „dialektische“ Problem des transzendentalen Psychologismus im Rahmen einer teleologisch konzipierten „transzendentalen“ Phänomenologie -- 6.1 Der Zusammenhang des Paradoxons der Subjektivität mit dem Problem des transzendentalen Psychologismus -- 6.2 Das Programm einer Kritik der Kritik -- 6.3 Teleologische Strukturen innerhalb von FTL -- 6.4 Der entscheidungstheoretische Lösungsansatz des Problems des transzendentalen Psychologismus und seine Probleme -- 7 Telos und Methode bei Husserl und Cohn: Das Unendlichkeitsproblem bei der letztendlichen Bestimmung des Ziels von Phänomenologie und Dialektik -- 7.1 Ausgangspunkt: Zu Unendlichkeitsproblemen und Paradoxien in der Mathematik aus der Sicht Colins und Husserls -- 7.2 Unendlichkeit und Methode in Colins dialektischer Theorie des Erkennens -- 7.3 Unendlichkeitsprobleme in der Phänomenologie Husserls -- 7.4 Das Telos dialektischer Phänomenologie in seiner Bezogenheit auf eine iterativ zu realisierende Methode -- 8 Schlußbemerkungen: Die Grenze obiger Untersuchungen und die Beziehung der Phänomenologie zu anderen „Dialektiken“ -- a) Das Verhältnis der Erkenntnistheorie zur Ethik -- b) Facetten des Lebensweltbegriffs -- c) „Logik“ und „Logiken“ -- d) „Dialektik“ und „Dialektiken“ -- e) Schlußwort -- Beilage I: Brief Husserls an Cohn vorn 15.10.1908 -- Beilage II: Antwort Cohns an Husserl (Briefentwurf vom 31.03.1911) -- Literatur- und Siglenverzeichnis -- A Bibliographien -- B Primär- und Sekundärliteratur -- C Briefe aus dem Jonas Cohn-Archiv, Duisburg -- Stichwortverzeichnis.
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925939
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 197 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 202
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Foreword — The Modernity of Rhetoric -- Formal Logic and Informal Logic -- Logic and Argumentation -- To Reason While Speaking -- Organization and Articulation of Verbal Exchanges: Question-Response Exchange in Polemical Contexts -- Argumentativity and Informativity -- Saying and Knowing -- Dialectic, Rhetoric and Critique in Aristotle -- Toward an Anthropology of Rhetoric -- Rhetoric-Poetics-Hermeneutics -- Rhetoric and Literature -- The Figure and the Argument -- Rhetoric and Politics.
    Abstract: by the question in its being an answer, if only in a circumstantial (i. e. inessential) manner. One indeed must question oneself in order to remember, says Plato, but the dialectic, which would be scientific, must be something else even if it remains a play of question and answer. This contradiction did not escape Aristotle: he split the scientific from the dialectic and logic from argumentation whose respective theories he was led to conceive in order to clearly define their boundaries and specificities. As for Plato, he found in the famous theory of Ideas what he sought in order to justify knowledge as that which is supposed to hold its truth only from itself. What do Ideas mean within the framework of our approach? In what consists the passage from rhetoric to ontology which leads to the denaturation of argumentation? When Socrates asked, for example, "What is virtue?", he thought one could not answer such a question because the answer refers to a single proposition, a single truth, whereas the formulation of the question itself does not indicate this unicity. For any answer, another can be given and thus continuously, if necessary, until eventually one will come across an incompatibility. Now, to a question as to what X, Y, or Z is, one can answer in many ways and nothing in the question itself prohibits multiplicity. Virtue is courage, is justice, and so on.
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924666
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 34
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: I. Introduction: On the Nature of Philosophic Historiography -- Historical Analysis and Applied Logic -- Sociology of Knowledge, and Philosophic Understanding as Dialexis or Verstaendigung -- Interpretation, Query, and the Categorization of History -- The Metahistory of Modes in Philosophic Historiography -- II. On the Unity of Systematic Philosophy and History of Philosophy -- III. The Interpretive Turn from Kant to Derrida: A Critique -- Kant: Formal Interpretation Theory -- 19th Century Contextual Interpretation Theory: Hegel and Marx -- Pragmatism and the Development of Contextual Interpretation: John Dewey and C. I. Lewis -- Sociology of Knowledge and the Development of Contextual Interpretation: Mannheim -- Interpretation Theory from Phenomenology to Hermeneutics: Husserl, Dilthey, Heidegger, Gadamer -- Hermeneutics and Critical Theory: The Habermas-Gadamer Debate -- Interpretation as Deconstruction: Derrida -- Why Deconstruction? -- Conclusion -- IV. Intellectual History as a Tool of Philosophy -- The Social Nature of Reflective and Expressive Products -- Some Unphilosophic Uses of Past Philosophies -- Can there be Specialized History of Pure Philosophy? -- V. Hermeneutic Modes, Ancient and Modern -- The Expression of Universal Meanings -- The Expression of Individual Meanings -- The Expression of Physical Meanings -- The Expression of Ideal Meanings -- VI. Derrida and the Question of Philosophy’s History -- The Satiric View of History -- Against Logocentrism -- The Challenge -- VII. Cassirer’s Theory of History -- Cassirer’s Theory of History -- The Function of History: Cassirer’s Idiosyncratic View. Various Views on the Function of History -- Cassirer’s View of How History Functions: Two Ways -- The Materials of a History -- The Ends of History -- Cassirer’s Method -- Historical Objectivity -- Selecting the Facts: Historical Relevance -- Historical Truth -- Historical Causation: Some Confusions about Historical Causation -- How Cassirer Actually Writes History -- Why Hasn’t Cassirer’s Peculiar View of History Been Noticed? -- How Cassirer’s Underlying Assumption Requires his Theory of History to be Idiosyncratic -- An Evaluation of Cassirer -- VIII. The Philosophic Historiography of J. H. Randall -- Philosophy, History and System -- Human Reagents in Cultural Change -- What Distinguishes History of Philosophy from Philosophy -- IX. History and Philosophy of Science: Necessary Partners or Merely Roommates? -- The Attack on Logical Empiricism and the Rise of Historical Relativism -- History of Science and Philosophy of Science, a New Partnership -- Epistemologism, Realism, and Interpretationism -- X. The Eighteenth Century Assumptions of Analytic Aesthetics.
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  • 7
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924345
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 209
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1. History -- 2. Dimensions Of Observability -- 3. Case Studies -- 4. The Declaration Of Independence -- Summary -- References.
    Abstract: The concept of observability of entities in physical science is typically analyzed in terms of the nature and significance of a dichotomy between observables and unobservables. In this book, however, this categorization is resisted and observability is analyzed in a descriptive way in terms of the information which one can receive through interaction with objects in the world. The account of interaction and the transfer of information is done using applicable scientific theories. In this way the question of observability of scientific entities is put to science itself. Several examples are presented which show how this interaction-information account of observability is done. It is demonstrated that observability has many dimensions which are in general orthogonal. The epistemic significance of these dimensions is explained. This study is intended primarily as a method for understanding problems of observability rather than as a solution to those problems. The important issue of scientific realism and its relation to observability, however, demands attention. Hence, the implication of the interaction-information account for realism is drawn in terms of the epistemic significance of the dimensions of observability. This amounts to specifying what it is about good observations that make them objective evidence for scientific theories.
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 13
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1. Some varieties of Indian theological dualism -- 2. From the fabric to the weaver? -- 3. Religions as failed theodicies: atheism in Hinduism and Buddhism -- 4. Scepticism and religion: on the interpretation of N?g?rjuna -- 5. Some varieties of monism -- 6. The concepts of self and freedom in Buddhism -- 7. Reflections on the sources of knowledge in the Indian tradition -- 8. Omniscience in Indian philosophy of religion -- 9. On the idea of authorless revelation (apaurus?eya) -- 10. ?am?kara on metaphor with reference to G?t? 13.12–18 -- 11. Salvation and the pursuit of social justice -- 12. Caste, karma and the G?t? -- Contributors’ addresses.
    Abstract: With a few notable exceptions, analytical philosophy of religion in the West still continues to focus almost entirely on the Iudaeo-Christian tradition. In particular, it is all too customary to ignore the rich fund of concepts and arguments supplied by the Indian religious tradition. This is a pity, for it gratuitously impoverishes the scope of much contemporary philosophy of religion and precludes the attainment of any insights into Indian religions comparable to those that the clarity and rigour of analytic philosophy has made possible for the Iudaeo-Christian tradition. This volume seeks to redress the imbalance. The original idea was to invite a number of Indian and Western philosophers to contribute essays treating of Indian religious concepts in the style of contemporary analytical philosophy of religion. No further restrietion was placed upon the contributors and the resulting essays (all previously unpublished) exhibit a diversity of themes and approaches. Many arrangements of the material herein are doubtless defensible. The rationale for the one that has been adopted is perhaps best presented through some introductory remarks about the essays themselves.
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  • 9
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 41
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Hume’s Analysis of Causation in Relation to His Analysis of Miracles -- 1. Hume’s Account of A Posteriori Reasoning -- 2. Miracles and Reasoning based on Experience -- 3. The Indian and The Ice: Understanding and Rejecting Hume’s Argument -- 4. A Better But Less Interesting Humean Argument -- 5. Miracles and The Logical Entailment Analysis of Causation -- 6. Are Miracles Violations of Laws of Nature? -- Notes to Part I -- II Can Anyone Ever Know That a Miracle Has Occurred? -- 7. What Is Involved In Knowing That a Miracle has Occurred? -- 8. Hume’s Account of Tillotson and the Alleged “Argument of a Like Nature” -- 9. Testimony and Sensory Evidence: Reasons For Belief in Miracles? -- 10. Tillotson’s Argument: Its Application to Justified Belief in Miracles -- 11. Conclusion: Miracles and Contemporary Epistemology -- Notes to Part II -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book developed from sections of my doctoral dissertation, "The Possibility of Religious Knowledge: Causation, Coherentism and Foundationalism," Brown University, 1982. However, it actually had its beginnings much earlier when, as an undergraduate at the University of Virginia, I first read Hume's "Of Miracles" and became interested in it. (Fascinated would be too strong. ) My teacher put the following marginal comment in a paper I wrote about it: "Suppose someone told you that they had been impregnated by an angel whispering into their ear. Wouldn't you think they had gone dotty?" She had spent time in England. I thought about it. I agreed that I would not have believed such testimony, but did not think this had much to do with Hume's argument against belief in miracles. What surprised me even more was the secondary literature. I became convinced that Hume's argument was misunderstood. My main thesis is established in Part I. This explains Hume's argument against justified belief in miracles and shows how it follows from, and is intrinsically connected with, his more general metaphysics. Part II Part I. It should give the reader a more complete understanding builds on of both the structure of Hume's argument and of his crucial and questionable premises. Chapters 5 and 11 are perhaps the most technical in the book, but they are also the least necessary. They can be skipped by the reader who is only interested in Hume on miracles.
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  • 10
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925793
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 34
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 34
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One / Knowledge By Inference -- Two / Problems About Proof and Implication -- Three / Mill’s Positive Theories of Inference and the Syllogism -- Four / The Possibility of Inductive Reasoning -- Five / Logic and the Objective World -- Six / Global Empiricism -- Seven / The Relativity of Knowledge -- Eight / The World and Its Subject -- Nine / Mill’s Inconsistent Empiricism -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: 'Nobody reads Mill today,' wrote a reviewer in Time magazine a few years ago. ! One could scarcely praise Mr Melvin Maddocks, who penned that remark, for his awareness of the present state of Mill studies, for of all nineteenth century philosophers who wrote in English, it is 1. S. Mill who remains the most read today. Yet it would not be so far from the truth to say that very few people pay much serious attention nowadays to Mill's writings about logic and metaphysics (as distinct from those on ethical and social issues), despite the fact that Mill put enormous effort into their composition and through them exerted a considerable influen­ ce on the course of European philosophy for the rest of his century. But the only sections of A System of Logic (1843) and An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy (1865) to which much reference is now made comprise only a small proportion of those very large books, and the prevailing assumption is that Mill's theories about logical and meta­ physical questions are, with few exceptions, of merely antiquarian in­ terest. Bertrand Russell once said that Mill's misfortune was to be born at the wrong time (Russell (1951), p. 2). It can certainly appear that Mill chose an inauspicious time to attempt a major work on logic.
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  • 11
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400923386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (500p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 42
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Note on references to the works of Thomas Reid -- Section 1 - Perception -- Reids Attack on the Theory of Ideas -- Reid on Perception and Conception -- The Theory of Sensations -- Reids View of Sensations Vindicated -- Sensation, Perception and Reids Realism -- Reids Opposition to the Theory of Ideas -- Thomas Reid on the Five Senses -- Section 2 - Knowledge and Common Sense -- Reid on Evidence and Conception -- The Defence of Common Sense in Reid and Moore -- The Scottish Kant? -- Did Reid Hold Coherentist Views? -- Reid and Peirce on Belief -- Reid on Testimony -- Section 3 - Mind and Action -- Making Out the Signatures: Reids Account of the Knowledge of Other Minds -- Causality and Agency in the Philosophy of Thomas Reid -- Reid, Scholasticism and Current Philosophy of Mind -- Section 4 - Aesthetics, Moral and Political Philosophy -- Seeing (and so forth) is Believing(among other things); on the Significance of Reid in the History of Aesthetics -- Reid versus Hume: a Dilemma in the Theory of Moral Worth -- Reid and Active Virtue -- Thomas Reid on Justice: A Rights-Based Theory -- Taking Upon Oneself a Character: Reid on Political Obligation -- Section 5 - Historical Context and Influences -- Thomas Reid and Pneumatology: the Text of the Old, the Tradition of the New -- Reid in the Philosophical Society -- Common Sense and the Association of Ideas; the Reid-Priestley Controversy -- Reid on Hypotheses and the Ether: a Reassessment -- The Role of Thomas Reids Philosophy in Science and Technology: the Case of W.J.M. Rankine -- George Jardines Course in Logic and Rhetoric: an Application of Thomas Reids Common Sense Philosophy -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Note on references to the works of Thomas Reid 5 SECTION 1 - Perception Yves Michaud (University of Paris, France) 9 'Reid's Attack on the Theory of Ideas' William P. Alston (Syracuse University, U. S. A. ) 35 'Reid on Perception and Conception' Vere Chappell (University of Massachusetts, U. S. A. ) 49 'The Theory of Sensations' Norton Nelkin (University of New Orleans, U. S. A. ) 65 'Reid's View of Sensations Vindicated' A. E. Pitson (University of Stirling, Scotland) 79 'Sensation, Perception and Reid's Realism' Aaron Ben-Zeev (University of Haifa, Israel) 91 'Reid's Opposition to the Theory of Ideas' Michel Malherbe (University of Nantes, France) 103 'Thomas Reid on the Five Senses' SECTION 2 - Knowledge and COlIIOOn Sense Keith Lehrer (University of Arizona, U. S. A. ) 121 'Reid on Evidence and Conception' Dennis Charles Holt (Southeast Missouri State 145 University, U. S. A. ) 'The Defence of Common Sense in Reid and Moore' T. J. Sutton (University of Oxford, England) 159 'The Scottish Kant?' Daniel Schulthess (university of Berne, Switzerland) 193 'Did Reid Hold Coherentist Views?' VI Claudine Engel-Tiercelin (University of Rouen, France) 205 'Reid and Peirce on Belief' C. A. J. Coady (University of Melbourne, Australia) 225 'Reid on Testimony' SECTION 3 - Mind and Action James Somerville (University of Hull, England) 249 'Making out the Signatures: Reid's Account of the Knowledge of Other Minds' R. F.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789400923607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 44
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Coherence, Justification, and Knowledge: The Current Debate -- I. Abstracts of Contributed Essays -- II. Focus: The Work of Keith Lehrer -- 1. Lehrer’s Coherentism and the Isolation Objection -- 2. Personal Coherence, Objectivity and Reliability -- 3. Fundamental Troubles With the Coherence Theory -- 4. Lehrer’s Coherence Theory of Knowledge -- 5. How Reasonable is Lehrer’s Coherence Theory? Beats Me. -- 6. When Can What You Don’t Know Hurt You? -- III. Focus: Laurence Bonjour’s The Structure of Empirical Knowledge -- 1. BonJour’s The Structure of Empirical Knowledge -- 2. BonJour’s Coherence Theory of Justification -- 3. BonJour’s Coherentism -- 4. Circularity, Non-Linear Justification, and Holistic Coherentism -- 5. Coherentist Theories of Knowledge Don’t Apply to Enough Outside of Science and Don’t Give the Right Results When Applied to Science -- 6. The St. Elizabethan World -- 7. Coherence, Observation, and the Justification of Empirical Belief -- 8. Epistemic Priority and Coherence -- 9. BonJour’s Anti-Foundationalist Argument -- 10. Foundations -- IV. Focus: Coherence and Related Epistemic Concerns -- 1. The Unattainability of Coherence -- 2. Epistemically Justified Opinion -- 3. The Multiple Faces of Knowing: The Hierarchies of Epistemic Species -- 4. Equilibrium in Coherence? -- V. Coherentists Respond -- 1. Coherence and the Truth Connection: A Reply to My Critics -- 2. Replies and Clarifications.
    Abstract: The subtitle of this book should be read as a qualification as much as an elaboration of the title. If the goal were completeness, then this book would have included essays on the work of other philosophers such as Wilfrid Sellars, Nicholas Rescher, Donald Davidson, Gilbert Harman and Michael Williams. Although it would be incorrect to say that each of these writers has set forth a version of the coherence theory of justification and knowledge, it is clear that their work is directly relevant, and reaction to it could easily fill a companion volume. This book concentrates, however, on the theories of Keith Lehrer and Laurence BonJour, and I doubt that any epistemologist would deny that they are presently the two leading proponents of coherentism. A sure indication of this was the ease with which the papers in this volume were solicited and delivered. The many authors represented here were willing, prepared, and excited to join in the discussion of BonJour's and Lehrer's recent writings. I thank each one personally for agreeing so freely to contribute. All of the essays but two are published for the first time here. Marshall Swain's and Alvin Goldman's papers were originally presented at a symposium on BonJour's The Structure of Empirical Knowledge at the annual meeting of the Central Division of the American Philosophical Association, Chicago, Illinois, in April, 1987.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924154
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 118
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 118
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1. The Problem of Assessment -- 1. Neurath and Quine: a puzzle of historiography -- 2. Neurath and Carnap: a misleading assimilation -- 3. Neurath and Popper: an epistemological and political polarity -- 2. Enlightenment, Neo-Marxism, Conventionalism: Towards a Critique of Cartesian Rationalism -- 1. Science as ‘a means for life’ -- 2. Scientific holism -- 3. A conventionalistic critique of Cartesian ‘pseudorationalism’ -- 3. Linguistic Reflexivity and ‘Pseudorationalism’ -- 1. Methodological decision and the reflexivity of scientific language -- 2. The ‘physicalist’ overturning of the Circle’s orthodoxy -- 3. Language and reality: a metaphysical relationship -- 4. Reflexivity and the growth of science -- 5. The plurivocality and imprecision of scientific language -- 6. Methodological decision in the praxis of scientific communities -- 7. Empirical rationalism and ‘pseudorationalism’ -- 4. Neurath versus Popper -- 1. Popper’s criticism of Neurath -- 2. Neurath’s reply: Protokollsätze and Basissätze -- 3. Two forms of conventionalism in conflict -- 4. ‘Laws of nature’ and existential propositions: a criticism of the causalist and deductive model of scientific explanation -- 5. Experimenta crucis: against Popper’s conception of science as an asymptotic path toward truth -- 5. The Unity of Science as a Historico-Sociological Goal: From the Primacy of Physics to the Epistemological Priority of Sociology -- 1. From ‘unified science’ to the encyclopedic ‘orchestration’ of scientific language -- 2. Popper’s objections to the projects of Neurath and Carnap -- 3. Esprit systématique versus esprit de système: the encyclopedic paradigm -- 4. The epistemological priority of sociology: a criticism of the ‘covering-laws-model’ of explanation -- 6. Strengths and Weaknesses of an Empirical Sociology -- 1. Logical empiricism and the social sciences: Hempel’s analysis -- 2. Neurath’s criticism of German historicism and the philosophy of values: Mill versus Dilthey and Marx versus Weber -- 3. Marxism as empirical political sociology -- 4. Sociological ‘pseudorationalism’: the inadequacy of behaviourism and the ‘overmathematisation’ of sociology -- 5. Causal asymmetry and the ceteris paribus clause in sociology: the limitations of functionalism and Marxism -- 6. Problems and paradoxes in social prediction: the role of reflexivity -- 7. Neurath and Hempel -- 7. Evaluation, Prescription, and Political Decision -- 1. Towards a sociology of sociology -- 2. Social theory, ethics, and law: theoretical propositions and prescriptive propositions -- 3. Happiness, utilitarianism, and social engineering -- 4. Planning for freedom: Neurath’s criticism of political Platonism and the dispute with Hayek -- Conclusion: Reflexive Epistemology and Social Complexity -- List of Otto Neurath’s Cited Works -- Meta-Bibliographical Note -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Professor Danilo Zolo has written an account of Otto Neurath's epistemology which deserves careful reading by all who have studied the development of 20th century philosophy of science. Here we see the philosophical Neurath in his mature states of mind, the vigorous critic, the scientific Utopian, the pragmatic realist, the sociologist of physics and of language, the unifier and encyclopedist, always the empiricist and always the conscience of the Vienna Circle. Zolo has caught the message of Neurath's ship-at-sea in the reflexivity of language, and he has sensibly explicated the persisting threat posed by consistent conventionalism. And then Zolo beautifully articulates of the 'epistemological priority of sociology'. the provocative theme Was Neurath correct? Did he have his finger on the pulse of empiricism in the time of a genuine unity of the sciences? His friends and colleagues were unable to follow all the way with him, but Danilo Zolo has done so in this stimulating investigation of what he tellingly calls Otto Neurath's 'philosophical legacy' . R.S.COHEN ix ABBREVIATIONS 'Pseudo' = [Otto Neurath], 'Pseudorationalismus der Falsifikation', Erkenntnis,5 (1935), pp. 353--65. Foundations = [Otto Neurath], Foundations of the Social Sciences, in International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-51, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1944. ES = Otto Neurath, Empiricism and Sociology, ed. by M. Neurath and R.S. Cohen, Dordrecht and Boston: D. Reidel, 1973.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400929050
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1: Knowledge and Certainty -- 1. Three Conditions of Certainty -- 2. Modal Accounts of Certainty -- 3. The Infallibilist’s View of Certainty -- 4. Direct Knowledge and Infallibility -- 2: Certainty and Fallibilism -- 1. Possible Mistakes About Necessity -- 2. Incorrigibility of the Cogito -- 3. Certainty and the Cogito -- 3: Certainty and Sensations -- 1. The Fallibilist Argument -- 2. Standard Objections -- 3. Are Basic Propositions Incorrigible? -- 4: The Nature of Justification -- 1. Theories of Justification -- 2. Abilities and Reasons -- 3. Proof and Justification -- 4. The Nature of Justification -- 5. Alternative Explanations -- 6. Social-Aspect Cases -- 5: Justification and the Gettier Problem -- 1. The Gettier Problem -- 2. Causal and Defeasibility Theories -- 3. Evidence and Truth -- 4. Some Counterexamples -- 6: Perceptual Knowledge and Physical Objects -- 1. Perception and the Given -- 2. Recognition and Perceptual Knowledge -- 3. Further Restrictions -- 4. Inferential and Non-Inferential -- 5. Abilities and Justified Belief -- 6. Direct Perception of Physical Objects -- 7: Foundations and Coherence -- 1. Experience and the Coherence Theory -- 2. The Nature of Coherence -- 3. Circularity and Coherence -- 4. Reliability and Coherence -- 8: Skepticism and Rationality -- 1. Knowledge and Certainty -- 2. Dire-Possibility Arguments -- 3. The Problem of the Criterion -- 4. Internalism vs. Externalism -- 5. Rationality and Justification -- Select Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: It is convenient to divide the theory of knowledge into three sets of problems: 1. the nature of knowledge, certainty and related notions, 2. the nature and validi­ ty of the sources of knowledge, and 3. answers to skeptical arguments. The first set includes questions such as: What is it to know that something is the case? Does knowledge imply certainty? If not, how do they differ? What are the con­ ditions of knowledge? What is it to be justified in accepting something? The sec­ ond deals with the ways in which knowledge can be acquired. Traditional sources have included sources of premisses such as perception, memory, in­ trospection, innateness, revelation, testimony, and methods for drawing conclu­ sions such as induction and deduction, among others. Under this heading, philosophers have asked: Does innateness provide knowledge? Under what con­ ditions are beliefs from perception, testimony and memory justified? When does induction yield justified belief? Can induction itself be justified? Debates in this area have sometimes led philosophers to question sources (e. g. , revela­ tion, innateness) but usually the aim has been to clarify and increase our understanding of the notion of knowledge. The third class includes the peren­ nial puzzles taught to beginning students: the existence of other minds, the problem of the external world (along with questions about idealism and phenomenalism), and more general skeptical problems such as the problem of the criterion. These sets of questions are related.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400929036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica, Publications and Monographs of the Institute of East-European Studies at the University of Fribourg / Switzerland and the Center for East Europe, Russia and Asia at Boston College and the Seminar for Political Theory and Philosophy at the University of Munich 52
    Series Statement: Sovietica 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One The Human Context -- From ‘Individual’ to ‘Subject’: Marx and Dewey on the Person -- Science, Psychology, and Human Values in the Context of Dewey’s Critique of Marx -- Text, Context, and the Existential Limit: A Jamesian Strain in Marx and Dewey -- Two The Cultural/Political Context -- Politics, Culture and Society in Marx and Dewey -- Dewey’s Understanding of Marx and Marxism -- Philosophy and Politics: A Historical Approach to Marx and Dewey -- The Politics After Deconstruction: Rorty, Dewey, and Marx -- Three The Metaphysical Context -- Marx and Dewey on the Unity of Theory and Practice -- Naturalism, Dialectical Materialism, and an Ontology of Constitutive Relations.
    Abstract: "I should venture to assert that the most pervasive fallacy of philosophic thinking goes back to neglect of context. III John Dewey " . . . philosophers do not grow like mushrooms, out of the earth; they are the outgrowth of their period, their nation, whose most subtle, delicate and invisible juices abound in the philosophical ideas. ,,2 Karl Marx Few issues are more heatedly debated in contemporary philosophy circles than that of con textual ism vs. foundationalism. The genesis for the debate was the publication in 1979 of Richard Rorty's Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, which announ~ed the death of traditional philosophy. By "traditional" here is meant the quest for a certain or apodictic bedrock upon which an overall general theory or schema might be erected. This approach, for Rorty, characterized most previous philosophy, but especially the era from Descartes to Kant. Further, the three major philosophic thinkers of the 20th century, Dewey, Heidegger, and Wittgenstein, each initially tried to construct a foundational philosophy but each of the three, in his later work, broke free of the Kantian conception of philosophy as foundational, and spent his time warning us against those very temptations to which he himself had once succumbed. Thus their later work is therapeutic rather than constructive, edifying rather than systematic, designed to make the reader question his own motives for philosophizing rather than to 3 supply him with a new philosophical program.
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  • 16
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: 1: Preliminaries -- 1.1 The central issues -- 1.2 The contributions of previous scholars -- 1.3 The argument of this book -- Notes -- 2: Rational Skepticism in Pre-Di?n?gan Buddhism -- 2.1 The foundation of skepticism in the Nik?yas -- 2.2 The influence of N?g?rjuna -- Notes -- 3: Nominalism in Pre-Di?n?gan Buddhism -- 3.1 The ?gama literature and Milindapañha -- 3.2 Nominalism in N?g?rjuna -- 3.3 Nominalism in Vasubandhu -- Notes -- 4: Di?n?ga’s Theory of Knowledge -- 4.1 Hetucakranir?aya -- 4.2 The Pram??asamuccaya -- 4.3 The skepticism implicit in Di?n?ga’s epistemology -- Notes -- 5: Di?n?ga’s nominalism -- 5.1 The ?lambanapar?k?? -- 5.2 The context of the discussion of nominalism in the Pram??asamuccaya -- Notes -- Translations Introduction to translation -- The history of the Pram??asamuccaya in Tibet -- 6: Pram??asamuccaya II “On reasoning” -- 6.1 Inference differentiated from sensation -- 6.2 The three characteristics of legitimate evidence -- 6.3 Property-bearer as the subject of inference -- 6.4 On restricted and errant properties -- 6.5 Non-symmetry of restriction and pervasion -- Notes -- 7: Pram??asamuccaya V: On the nature of signs in language -- 7.1 On the question of what verbal symbols make known -- 7.2 On the relationships between symbols that express preclusion -- 7.3 On the unreality of universals outside thought -- 7.4 On the question of what linguistic symbols preclude -- Notes -- 8: Conclusions -- Appendix A: Glossary of Sanskrit Terms -- Appendix B: Tibetan-Sanskrit Lexicon -- Selected Bibliography -- Subject and Author Index.
    Abstract: Buddhist philosophy in India in the early sixth century C. E. took an important tum away from the traditional methods of explaining and systematizing the teachings in Siitra literature that were attributed to the Buddha. The new direction in which several Indian Buddhist philosophers began to move was that of following reasoning to its natural conclusions, regardless whether the conclusions conflicted with traditional teachings. The central figure in this new movement was DiIinaga, a native of South India who found his way to the centre of Buddhist education at Nalanda, studied the treatises that were learned by the Buddhist intellectuals of his day, and eventually wrote works of his own that formed the core of a distinctly new school of Buddhist thought. Inasmuch as virtually every Indian philosopher after the sixth century had either to reject Dirinaga's methods or build upon the foundations provided by his investigations into logic, epistemology and language, his influence on the evolution of Indian philosophy was considerable, and indeed some familiarity with Dirinaga's arguments and conclusions is indispensable for anyone who wishes to understand the historical development of Indian thought. Moreover, since the approach to Buddhism that grew out of Dirinaga's meditations on language and the limits of knowledge dominated the minds of many of the scholars who took Buddhism to Tibet, some familiarity with Dirinaga is also essential to those who wish to understand the intellectual infrastructure of Tibetan Buddhist philosophy and practice.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (480p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Vienna, Warsaw, Copenhagen -- The Cracow Circle -- Austrian Origins of Logical Positivism -- The Approach to Metaphysics in the Lvov-Warsaw School -- Ajdukiewicz’s Contribution to the Realism/Idealism Debate -- Towards Universal Grammars Carnap’s and Ajdukiewicz’ Contributions -- Principles of Categorial Grammar in the Light of Current Formalisms -- On ‘Categorial Grammar’ -- Meta-Ethics: Contributions from Vienna and Warsaw -- The Project to Create an Empirical Ethical Theory -- Mereology and Metaphysics: From Boethius of Dacia to Lesniewski -- Definitions in Russell, in the Vienna Circle and in the Lvov-Warsaw School -- ?ukasiewicz, Meinong, and Many-Valued Logic -- ?ukasiewiczian Logic of Tenses and The Problem of Determinism -- Kasimir Twardowski: An Essay on The Borderlines of Ontology, Psychology and Logic -- Some Remarks on the Place of Logical Empiricism in 20th Century Philosophy -- De Veritate: Austro-Polish Contributions to the Theory of Truth from Brentano to Tarski -- The Lvov-Warsaw School and the Vienna Circle.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789400929111
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: The problem -- The approach -- Aim and objectives -- The thesis and its background -- Ideality of language -- ?ruti -- The ‘dogma’ of sruti: apauru?eya -- The text and its author -- Cit: consciousness in the knowing process -- Dharmar?ja and Navya-ny?ya -- 1. Outline of the Argument for ?abdapramÅ?a -- 2. On Words -- Linguistic kara?a and the word -- 3. On Meaning -- A. Some general remarks on ‘meaning’ -- B. Indian theories of ‘meaning’ -- C. The linguistic functions of ‘meaning’ -- 4. ??bdabodha: Psycholinguistics of Sentence Understanding -- A. ??bdabodha -- B. Sa?sargamary?d? -- 5. The K?ra?s -- A. Ák??k?? — syntactic expectancy -- B. ?satti — linguistic contiguity -- 6. The Phenomenological K?ranas -- A. Yogyat? — semantic competency -- B. T?tparya — intentionality -- 7. ?abdapr?m?nya — Problem of Truth and Authority of the Word -- A. Truth and falsity of ??bdabodha -- B. ‘Authority and Praxis’ —?ptabh?va -- Appendixes -- B. Bibliography -- A. Primary sources -- B. Secondary sources and related texts -- Indexes -- Name index -- General index.
    Abstract: Dr PurusQttama Bilimoria's book on sabdapramaIJa is an important one, and so is likely to arouse much controversy. I am pleased to be able to write a Foreword to this book, at a stage in my philosophical thinking when my own interests have been turning towards the thesis of sabdapramaIJa as the basis of Hindu religious and philosophical tradition. Dr Bilimoria offers many novel interpretations of classical Hindu theories about language, meaning, understanding and knowing. These interpretations draw upon the conceptual resources of contemporary analytic and phenomenological philosophies, without sacrificing the authentIcity that can arise only out of philologically grounded scholarship. He raises many issues, and claims to have resolved some of them. Certainly, he advances the overall discussion, and this is the best one could hope for in writing on a topic to which the best minds of antiquity and modern times have applied themselves. In this Foreword, I wish to focus on one of the issues which I have raised on earlier occasions, and on which Dr Bilimoria has several important things to say. The issue is: is sabdabodha eo ipso a linguistic knowing, i. e. , sabdapramll, or does Sabdabodha amount to knowing only when certain specifiable conditions are satisfied. It the second alternative be accepted, these additional conditions could not be the same as the familiar Ilsatti (contiguity), yogyata (semantic fitness), dka;,k~ll (expectancy) and tlltparya (intention), for these are, on the theory, conditions of sabdabodha itself.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789400914155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One Prologue: Newton and Leibniz -- 1.1. Newton on Space, Time and Metaphysics -- 1.2. Leibniz: The Ideal and the Real -- Two Kant’s Theory of Space and Time -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Concepts and Definitions -- 2.3. Kant’s Anti-logicist programme -- 2.4. Transcendental Aesthetic -- 2.5. Construction and Schematism -- 2.6. Spaces and Geometries -- 2.7. Incongruent Counterparts & the Intuitive Nature of Space -- 2.8. Infinity: Reason and Experience -- 2.9. Transcendental Idealism -- Three Acts, Intuitions and Constructions -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Concepts, Intuitions and the Schematism -- 3.3. Kant’s Constructivism -- 3.4. Incongruity and Constructions -- 3.5. Indirect Proof -- Notes -- Notes on Further Reading.
    Abstract: Many students coming to grips with Kant's philosophy are understandably daunted not only by the complexity and sheer difficulty of the man's writings, but almost equally by the amount of secondary literature available. A great deal of this seems to be - and not only on first reading - just about as difficult as the work it is meant to make more accessible. Any writer deliberately setting out to provide an authentically introductory text thus faces a double problem: how to provide an exegesis which would capture some of the spirit of the original, without gross and misleading over-simplification; and secondly, how to anchor the argument in the best and most imaginative secondary literature, yet avoid the whole project appearing so fragmented as to make the average book of chess openings seem positively austere. Until fairly recently, matters were made even more difficul t, in that commentaries on Kant were very often of a whole work, say, The Critique of Pure Reason, with the result that students would have to struggle through a very great deal of material indeed in order to feel any confidence at all that they had begun to understand the original writings. Recently, things have changed somewhat. There are now excellent commentaries on "Kant's Analytic", "Kant's Analogies" etc. . We have also seen, (at least as reflected in book titles), a resurgence of interest in what is perhaps the most controversial and far-reaching Kantian claim, viz.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789400929159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 33
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: The Foundations of Modality and Conceivability in Descartes and his Predecessors -- Hobbes’s System of Modalities -- Was Leibniz’s Deity an Akrates? -- Hegel on Modalities and Monadology -- Plenitude and Contingency: Modal Concepts in Nineteenth Century French Philosophy -- Frege and his German Contemporaries on Alethic Modalities -- From Possibility to Probability: British Discussions on Modality in the Nineteenth Century -- The Failure of Logical Positivism to Cope with Problems of Modal Theory -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The word "modem" in the title of this book refers primarily to post-medieval discussions, but it also hints at those medieval mo­ dal theories which were considered modem in contradistinction to ancient conceptions and which in different ways influenced philosophical discussions during the early modem period. The me­ dieval developments are investigated in the opening paper, 'The Foundations of Modality and Conceivability in Descartes and His Predecessors', by Lilli Alanen and Simo Knuuttila. Boethius's works from the early sixth century belonged to the sources from which early medieval thinkers obtained their knowledge of ancient thought. They offered extensive discus­ sions of traditional modal conceptions the basic forms of which were: (1) the paradigm of possibility as a potency striving to realize itself; (2) the "statistical" interpretation of modal no­ tions where necessity means actuality in all relevant cases or omnitemporal actuality, possibility means actuality in some rel­ evant cases or sometimes, and impossibility means omnitemporal non-actuality; and (3) the "logical" definition of possibility as something which, being assumed, results in nothing contradic­ tory. Boethius accepted the Aristotelian view according to which total possibilities in the first sense must prove their met­ tle through actualization and possibilities in the third sense are assumed to be realized in our actual history. On these presump­ tions, all of the above-mentioned ancient paradigms imply the Principle of Plenitude according to which no genuine possibility remains unrealized.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789401733502
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 305 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Comparative Literature ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Questions of Method: On Describing the Individual as Exemplary -- 2. The Necessity of Intersubjectivity -- 3. Existence and Essence in Thomas and Husserl -- 4. A Phenomenological Exploration of Popper’s ‘World 3’ -- 5. Dwelling -- 6. Textuality and the Origin of the Work of Art -- 7. On the Occlusion of the Subject: Heidegger and Lacan -- 8. From the Deconstruction of Hermeneutics to the Hermeneutics of Deconstruction -- 9. Communication Science and Merleau-Ponty’s Critique of the Objectivist Illusion -- 10. Merleau-Ponty: The Depth of Memory as the Depth of the World -- 11. Towards an Erotics of Art -- 12. Merleau-Ponty on Silence and the Work of Philosophy -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: lacan. Barthes. Jakobson. Horkheimer. Adorno. Gadamer. Ricoeur. Foucault. Deleuze. Derrida. lyotard. Vattimo. Kofman. and Irigaray are also part of that outer horizon of continental philosophy. The purpose of this volume however is to establish that space within the core of continental philosophy -­ specifically in relation to the work of Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty -- and to move out to some of its various horizons. In some cases. these horizons are set by the history of philosophy. in others by newer directions in contemporary philosophy. and in others by alternative modes of philosophizing. The horizons also appear in areas as diverse as epistemology and the philosophy of science. metaphysics. philosophical psychology. and aesthetics. Furthermore. these limits are set by the relationships between philosophy and other disciplines such as psychology. communication theory. and the arts. Nevertheless the volume is organized around each of the three major figures in the phenomenological core of continental philosophy. The twelve essays provide important investigations into current research -- they represent the range and skills of contemporary work in relation to Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty. In themselves however they indicate advances in philosophical research and are hardly simple commentaries on these three figures. Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty constitute texts on the basis of which phenomenology is taken to its limits -- and even beyond.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926493
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (448p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Semantics, Wisconsin Style -- Representation and Covariation -- Individualism and Psychology -- Thoughts and Belief Ascriptions -- The Alleged Evidence for Representationalism -- Narrow Content -- A Farewell to Functionalism -- Metaphysical Arguments for Internalism and Why They Don’t Work -- Dual Aspect Semantics -- Innate Representations -- Reflexive Reflections -- Some Reductive Strategies in Cognitive Neurobiology -- Computation, Representation, and Content in Noncognitive Theories of Perception -- Beliefs Out of Control -- Intentionality -- Postscript October, 1987 -- Intentionality Speaks for Itself -- A Narrow Representational Theory of the Mind -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This collection of papers on issues in the theory of mental representation expresses a diversity of recent reflections on the idea that C. D. Broad so aptly characterized in the title of his book Mind and the World Order. An important impetus in the project of organizing this work were the discussions I had with Keith Lehrer while I was a Visiting Scholar in the department of Philosophy at the University of Arizona. His encouragement and friendship were of great value to me and I wish to express my thanks to him here. A word of thanks too for Mike Harnish who casually suggested the title Rerepresentation. I wish to express my thanks to Hans Schuurmans of the Computer Center at Tilburg University for his patient and cheerful assistance in preparing the manuscript. Professor J. Verster of the University of Groningen kindly provided the plates for the Ames Room figures. Thieu Kuys helped not only with the texts but also relieved me of chores so that I could devote more time to meeting deadlines. Barry Mildner had a major role in the text preparation using his skills and initiative in solving what seemed like endless technical problems. My deepest thanks are reserved for Anti Sax whose contribution to the project amount to a co-editorship of this volume. She participated in every phase of its development with valuable suggestions, prepared the indexes, and worked tirelessly to its completion.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789400930254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 111
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 111
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I -- The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: A Retrospect -- Deductive Heuristics -- Development of Science as a Change of Types -- Methodology and Ontology -- Imre Lakatos in China -- On the Characterization of Cognitive Progress -- II -- Continuity and Discontinuity in the Definition of a Disciplinary Field: The Case of XXth Century Physics -- Determinism, Probability and Randomness in Classical Statistical Physics -- The Emergence of a Research Programme in Classical Thermodynamics -- The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes and Some Developments in High Energy Physics -- Many-Particle Physics: Calculational Complications that Become a Blessing for Methodology -- The Relative Autonomy of Theoretical Science and the Role of Crucial Experiments in the Development of Superconductivity Theory -- III -- Lakatos on the Evaluation of Scientific Theories -- Methodological Sophisticationism: A Degenerating Project -- Through the Looking Glass: Philosophy, Research Programmes and the Scientific Community -- A Critical Consideration of the Lakatosian Concepts: “Mature” and “Immature” Science -- Bridge Structures and the Borderline Between the Internal and External History of Science -- IV -- Corroboration, Verisimilitude, and the Success of Science -- Machine Models for the Growth of Knowledge: Theory Nets in PROLOG -- Louis Althusser and Joseph D. Sneed: A Strange Encounter in Philosophy of Science? -- On Incommensurability -- Partial Interpretation, Meaning Variance, and Incommensurability -- Scientific Discovery and Commensurability of Meaning -- V -- Proofs and Refutations: A Reassessment -- Counterfactual Reduction -- Research Programmes and Paradigms as Dialogue Structures -- Philosophy of Science and the Technological Dimension of Science -- Falsificationism Looked at from an “Economic” Point of View -- VI -- The Bayesian Alternative to the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes -- Frege and Popper: Two Critics of Psychologism -- Has Popper Been a Good Thing? -- Popper’s Propensities: An Ontological Interpretation of Probability.
    Abstract: How happy it is to recall Imre Lakatos. Now, fifteen years after his death, his intelligence, wit, generosity are vivid. In the Preface to the book of Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos (Boston Studies, 39, 1976), the editors wrote: ... Lakatos was a man in search of rationality in all of its forms. He thought he had found it in the historical development of scientific knowledge, yet he also saw rationality endangered everywhere. To honor Lakatos is to honor his sharp and aggressive criticism as well as his humane warmth and his quick wit. He was a person to love and to struggle with. The book before us carries old and new friends of that Lakatosian spirit further into the issues which he wanted to investigate. That the new friends include a dozen scientific, historical and philosophical scholars from Greece would have pleased Lakatos very much, and with an essay from China, he would have smiled all the more. But the key lies in the quality of these papers, and in the imaginative organization of the conference at Thessaloniki in summer 1986 which worked so well.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400936232
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (480p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas 100
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 100
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Young Pierre -- Parents, home and early years -- Eyewitness to a fateful year -- Collège Stanislas -- Life at Stanislas -- Young scholar -- Personal exploits -- Teachers remembered -- Ready for the grandes écoles -- 2. The Normalien -- A far cry from ‘normal’ school -- Cacique général -- An ill-fated thesis -- Anticlericals versus Catholics -- Sailing on waters and events -- Under Pasteur’s eyes -- Young man in pursuit of rigor -- 3. Lecturer in Lille -- Citadel against citadel -- Encomiums from officialdom -- A brilliant doctorate -- Students in awe -- A vibrant faculty group -- Portrait of a mind -- Politics: ordinary and academic -- Married and widowed -- Comforts and frustrations of science -- Crushing weight of stacked cards -- 4. In Transit in Rennes -- A not so somnolent town -- Frustrated teacher -- Creating a stir -- In the center of a debate -- Scholar in a wrong place -- 5. Bordeaux: A Road to Paris? -- From home to university -- A chair and a department -- A string of doctorates and their perspective -- A great first ignored -- Prodigious productivity and a recognition -- Life at home -- Avid hiker -- A chair and its political prize -- A small speech as a big crime -- In a clash for a sacred cause -- 6. Bordeaux: Journey’s En -- A companionable solitary -- Intransigent integrity -- Twice bereaved -- Relentless work and growing recognition -- A drawn-out election -- A student forever -- Waging his war to the end -- 7. In Memoriam -- Din of war and summer lull -- Bordeaux remembers -- The first anniversary -- Postwar reminiscences -- Some noble efforts -- Missed anniversaries -- Illustrations -- 8. Duhem the Physicist -- The making of a physicist -- The physicist as seen by himself -- The physicist and his peers -- A narrowing advance -- The physicist and posterity -- 9. Duhem the Philosopher -- Common sense with a realist touch -- Attitude to metaphysics -- Rigor as strength and weakness -- Philosophy through history -- Philosopher on trial -- The Théorie physique -- Critics of the Théorie physique -- Christian positivism -- French philosophers -- American dissertations -- The crux of the matter -- 10. Duhem the Historian -- A special historian -- To unsuspected headwaters -- Continuity through Leonardo -- The source of continuous growth -- Scholarship as apologetics -- The quest for completeness -- A gamut of reactions -- Attitudes toward a new vision -- The Renaissance threatened -- Posthumous volumes -- An age in the middle -- List of Duhem’s Publications -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: A hundred years have now gone by since in the midsummer of 1882 Pierre Duhem, a graduate of College Stanislas, completed with brilliant success his entrance exams to the Ecole Normale Superieure and embarked on his career as a theoretical physicist. His father, a textile salesman, hoped that Hierre would pursue a career in business, one of the few professional fields where perhaps he would not have succeeded. Not that young Duhem lacked sense for the practical. He could have easily made a name for himself as an artist had he developed professionally his skill to draw portraits and landscapes. His ability to make a point and his readiness to join in a debate, could have earned him fame as a lawyer. A potential actor was in sight when he entertained friends with mimicry. That as a student of physics he entered and stayed first in his class at the Ecole Normale, did not thwart his talents for the life sciences. No less a biologist than Pasteur tried to obtain Duhem for assistant. His command of Greek and Latin would have secured him a career as a classicist. He was a Frenchman, not to be met too often, whose rightful ad­ miration for and mastery of his native tongue, did not prove a barrier to the major modern languages. As one who taught himself the complex art of medieval paleo­ graphy, he could easily have mastered the many auxiliary sciences needed by a consummate historian.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401577564
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 169 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I Idealism -- II Reason -- III Metaphysics -- IV The Limits of Natural Science -- V The Individual Will -- VI The World as Will -- VII Art -- VIII The Metaphysics of Morals -- XI The Denial of the Will -- X Pessimism -- Notes.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789400935570
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Shields, George W. The Categories and the Principle of Coherence: Whitehead's Theory of Categories in Historical Perspective. A. Zvie Bar-on 1989
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Extensive Summary of the Exposition -- I. Aristotle and the Beginning of the Doctrine of Categories -- 1. Predication, Inherence and Kinds of Being -- 2. The Definition of ‘Category’ in its Aristotelian Sense -- 3. Aristotelian Table of Categories -- 4. Quality -- 5. Quantity -- 6. Relation -- 7. Substance -- II. The Kantian Development: Systematization -- 1. Criticism of Aristotle’s Approach -- 2. The Relation between Subject and Object -- 3. ‘The Supreme Principle of Human Knowledge’ -- 4. The Table of Categories vs the Table of Judgements -- 5. The Derivability of the Categories -- 6. The Two Logics -- III. The Hegelian Stage: Speculation and Coherence -- 1. The Absence of Systematization -- 2. The Criticism Qualified, or What Did Hegel Received from Kant -- 3. Sensation, Understanding and Reason -- 4. The Hegelian Scheme of Categories -- 5. Limitations and a Broadened Context -- IV. The Non-Speculative Way: Nicolai Hartmann -- 1. The Basic Ontic Scheme -- 2. The Moments of Being: Dasein and Sosein -- 3. The Main Problem: How to Explain the Unity of the Universe -- 4. The Categorial Analysis, Its Nature and Stages -- 5. Hartmann’s Version of Coherence -- V. Whitehead’s Categorial Scheme: the Framework -- 1. ‘A Coherent, Logical and Necessary System’ -- 2. Whitehead’s Version of the Principle of Coherence -- 3. Contradictory Trends -- 4. Whitehead’s Categorial Scheme -- VI. Whitehead’s Categorial Scheme: the Implementation -- 1. ‘The Ultimate’ and the ‘Modes of Existence’ -- 2. The Category of the Actual Entity -- 3. The Principles of Process -- 4. The Principle of Relativity -- 5. The Ontological Principle -- 6. The Subjectivist Principle -- 7. Whitehead’s Formulation of the ‘Categorial Laws’ -- Notes -- References.
    Abstract: The general topic of this book is the theory of categories, its sources, meaning and development. The inquiry can be seen to proceed on two levels. On one, the history of the theory is traced from its alleged genesis in Aristotle, through its main subsequent stages of Kant and Hegel, up to a kind of consummation in two of its prominent twentieth century adherents, Alfred North White­ head and Nicolai Hartmann. Special attention has been paid to that aspect of the Hegelian conception of the categorial analysis from which the principle of coherence emerged. On the second, deeper level, however, everything starts with Whitehead's metaphysical system, the central part of which con­ sists of a fascinating, though highly intricate, web of categorial notions and propositions. The historical perspective becomes a means for untangling that web. I am indebted to a number of people for advice, comment and criticism of various parts of this book. My greatest thanks go to my teachers and colleagues Nathan Rotenstreich, Nathan Spiegel, Yaakov Fleischman, as well as to the late Shmuel Hugo Bergman and Pepita Haezrachi. of this book was published in 1967 by An earlier, Hebrew version the Bialik Institute of Jerusalem. I am grateful to Mr Yehoshua Perel, Mr Arnold Schwartz and to my wife Varda for their cooperation in rendering the extensively revised text of the book into readable English. I also owe great appreciation to Miss Liat Dawe for an accurate and painstaking word-processing of the text.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400937635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Profiles, An International Series on Contemporary Philosophers and Logicians 8
    Series Statement: Profiles 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One -- Self-Profile -- Two -- Constituents -- Surface Information and Analyticity -- Hintikka on Quantifying In and On Trans-World Identity -- Game-Theoretical Semantics and Logical Form -- Hintikka’s Inductive Logic -- Hintikka’s Epistemic Logic -- Hintikka’s Theory of Questions -- What Is a “Perceptually Well-Defined Individual”? Hintikka’s Views on Perception -- On Objects and Worlds of Thought in the Philosophy of Hintikka -- Hintikka on Modalities and Determinism in Aristotle -- Hintikka’s Ontology -- Replies and Comments -- Three -- Bibliography of Jaakko Hintikka -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aim of this series is to inform both professional philosophers and a larger readership (of social and natural scientists, methodologists, mathematicians, students, teachers, publishers, etc. ) about what is going on, who's who, and who does what in contemporary philosophy and logic. PROFILES is designed to present the research activity and the results of already outstanding personalities and schools and of newly emerging ones in the various fields of philosophy and logic. There are many Festschrift volumes dedicated to various philosophers. There is the celebrated Library of Living Philosophers edited by P. A. Schilpp whose format influenced the present enterprise. Still they can only cover very little of the contemporary philosophical scene. Faced with a tremendous expansion of philosophical information and with an almost frightening division of labor and increasing specialization we need systematic and regular ways of keeping track of what happens in the profession. PROFILES is intended to perform such a function. Each volume is devoted to one or several philosophers whose views and results are presented and discussed. The profiled philosopher(s) will summarize and review his (their) own work in the main fields of significant contribution. This work will be discussed and evaluated by invited contributors. Relevant his to rial and/or biographical data, an up-to-date bibliography with short abstracts of the most important works and, whenever possible, references to significant reviews and discussion will also be included.
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  • 28
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400936034
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (588p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 122
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 122
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: Text -- I. Epistle Dedicatory -- II. Preface -- III. Book I -- IV. Book II -- V. Book III -- VI. Contents -- Notes -- Commentary Notes -- Textual Notes.
    Abstract: The significance of Henry More's vitalist philosophy in the history of ideas has been realized relatively recently, as the bibliography will reveal. The general neglect of the Cambridge Platonist movement may be attributed to the common prejudice that its chief exponents, especially More, were obscure mystics who were neither coherent in their philosophical system nor attractive in their prose style. I hope that this modern edition of More's principal treatise will help to correct this unjust im­ pression and reveal the keenness and originality of More's intellect, which sought to demonstrate the relevance of classical philosophy in an age of empirical science. The wealth of learning -- ranging as it does from Greek antiquity to 17th­ century science and philosophy -- that informs More' s intellectual system of the universe should, in itself, be a recom­ mendation to students of the history of ideas. Though, for those in search of literary satisfaction, too, there is not wanting, in More's style, the humour, and grace, of a man whose erudition did not divorce him from a sympathetic understanding of human contradictions. As for More's elaborate speculations concerning the spirit world in the final book of this treatise, I think that we would indeed be justified in regarding their combination of classical mythology amd scientific naturalism as the literary and philosophical counterpart of the great celestial frescoes of the Baroque masters.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400937710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: One/Forbidden Knowledge: Moral Limits of Scientific Research -- 1. A Range of Positions -- 2. Regulation vs. Laissez Faire -- 3. Moral Limits Pertain to Different Aspects of Knowledge -- 4. Can Knowledge as Such be Morally Inappropriate? -- 5. Knowledge is Only One Good among Others -- 6. The Enforcement of Morals -- 7. Coda -- Two/Truth as Ideal Coherence -- 1. The ‘Continuity Condition’ Relating a Criterion to the Definition of Truth -- 2. Truth as Ideal Coherence -- 3. Coherentism and Truth as Adequation -- 4. Postscript: The Gap Between the Real and the Ideal -- Three/Rationality and Consistency -- 1. Consistency: Initial Requisite or Ultimate Ideal? -- 2. Linearly Inferential vs. Dialectically Cyclic Reasoning -- 3. Ampliative vs. Reductive Reasoning -- 4. Two Very Different Sorts of Acceptability: Qualified vs. Outright Belief -- 5. Different Attitudes Towards Consistency -- 6. The Place of Dialectics in the Human Sciences -- 7. Must Inconsistency-Tolerance Be Motivated Epistemically? -- 8. Consistency as a Cognitive Ideal -- Four/An End to Science? -- 1. Is Scientific Discovery an Inherently Bounded Venture? -- 2. Nature Might Exhibit an Unending Complexity of Physical Constitution -- 3. Nature Might Exhibit an Unending Complexity of Lawful Comportment -- 4. The Phenomena of Nature Might Be Unendingly Diverse -- 5. The Basis for an Unending Prospect of Scientific Discovery Might Lie Wholly in the Character of Our Inquiry Processes -- 6. The Regulative Rationale for Supposing the Cognitive Inexhaustibility of Nature -- Five/On the Probabilistic Bearing of Testimony -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Reliability of Sources -- 3.The Knowledgeability of Sources -- 4. Some Variations -- 5. A Survey of Probative Virtues -- 6. The Taxicab Problem -- 7. Hume and Laplace on Human Testimony -- 8. Laplace on Testimonial Chains -- 9. The Moral of the Story -- Six/The Limits of Probabilistic Epistemology -- 1. The Probabilist Program -- 2. Probability Is Not Enough -- Seven/The Threefold Way -- 1. The Three Levels -- 2. Some Examples -- 3. Man as a Creature of the Threefold Way -- 4. The Question of Legitimacy: The Utility of the Ideal -- Eight/Number Idolatry and Fallacies of Quantification -- Nine/Life’s Seasons: The Conceptual Phenomenology of Age-Periodization -- 1. The General Idea of a Life Cycle -- 2. The Rationale of Human Age-Periodization Phase Transitions -- 3. The Diversity of Age -- 4. The Conventionality of Phase Transition -- 5. Thought Experiments -- 6. The Upshot -- 7. Broader Vistas -- Ten/Philosophical Taxonomy as A Philosophical Issue -- 1. The Shape of Philosophy: Some Ancient Views -- 2. The Middle Ages and Early Modern Times -- 3. A Later Picture -- 4. Taxonomic Dynamics -- 5. The Post-Kantian Transformation -- 6. Taxonomic Proliferation -- 7. The Contemporary Situation -- 8. The Problem of Progress -- 9. The Dialectic of the Individual and the Community -- 10. Conclusion -- Eleven/Is Philosophy a Guide to Life? -- 1. Philosophy: The Problematic Guide -- 2. The Problem of ‘Applied Philosophy’: Only One’s Own Philosophy Can Provide Guidance -- 3. What Philosophy Per Se Can Contribute -- 4. Some Examples of ‘Applied Philosophy’ in the Public Domain -- 5. The Limited Utility of Methodological Applications -- 6. A Danger of ‘Applied Philosophy’ -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This volume collects together eleven essays in epistemology, written during the past three years. They are mostly unpublished, just four of them having appeared previously (numbers two, three, four and eleven). Detailed acknowledgement of prior publication is made in the notes to the relevant chapters. I am indebted to the editors of the several publications involved for their kind permission to use this material. And I am particularly grateful to my friend, Professor Mario Bunge, for his interest in my work and for his willingness to include this sample of it in his 'Episteme' series. NICHOLAS RESCHER Pittsburgh, PA December, 1986 xi INTRODUCTION The philosophy of knowledge covers a vast and enormously diversified terrain. Within this broad area, the essays that comprise the present book deal specifically with the following issues: 1. The moral dimension of inquiry - in particular, scientific inquiry into the ways of the world (Chapter 1) 2. The epistemic status of such cognitive 'values' of inquiry as - coherence (Chapter 2) - consistency (Chapter 3) - completeness (Chapter 4) 3. The cognitive bearing of probabilistic considerations (Chapters 5 and 6) 4. The epistemic status of certain ideal desiderata of cognition, such as - totality (Chapter 7) - precision (Chapter 8) - exactness (Chapter 9) 5.
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  • 30
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400943452
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: I: Introduction: Background and the central problem -- 1. Human knowledge and the knowable world -- 2. Freedom: The chief condition of morality -- 3. Types of moral theories -- 4. Ends and principles: Inconsistencies? -- II: Ends and the good will -- 1. Conditioned goods and the unconditioned good -- 2. Prima facie goods and the absolute good -- 3. The uniqueness of a good will -- 4. The irrelvance of ends -- 5. A note on respect for the moral law -- III: Maxims -- 1. Three kinds of maxims: Incentival, actional, and dispositional -- 2. Alternative accounts of Kantian Maxims -- 3. Preliminary elucidation of actional maxims -- 4. What maxims (and the adoption of maxims) are not -- 5. On formulating maxims -- IV: Universality and the categorical imperative -- 1. The general nature of imperatives -- 2. The principle of universality of nature -- 3. Suicide and lying promises -- 4. Neglect of talents and refusal to help others -- V: Ends and moral obligation -- 1. The problem of objecitve ends -- 2. Man as the objective end-in-itself -- 3. The alleged inconsistency -- 4. End which are duties -- 5. The highest good -- VI: The principle of humanity -- 1. Initial remarks -- 2. Treatment of others as means -- 3. Humanity in others as a positive end in itself: The duty of love for others -- 4. Respect for humanity in one’s own person: Duties to oneself -- VII: Autonomy of the Will -- 1. The principle of autonomy of the will as a moral criterion -- 2. Autonomy and the possibility of morals -- 3. The kingdom of ends -- 4. Responsibility for wrong acts and accountability for moral evil -- VIII: Duties, rights, and ends in the political order -- 1. The alleged right to revolt -- 2. Kant’s paradoxical stand on revolution -- 3. The alleged right to lie from benevolence -- 4. The end of nature in human history -- IX: Happiness and law-morality -- 1. Morality and happiness -- 2. Law-morality and atheism -- 3. Conclusion.
    Abstract: Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) stands among the greatest thinkers of the Western world. There is hardly an area of thought, at least of philosophical thought, to which he did not make significant and lasting contributions. Particularly noteworthy are his writings on the foundations and limits of human knowledge, the bidimensional nature of perceptual or "natural" objects (including human beings), the basic principles and ends of morality, the character of a just society and of a world at peace, the movement and direction of human history, the nature of beauty, the end or purpose of all creation, the proper education of young people, the true conception of religion, and on and on. Though Kant was a life-long resident of Konigsberg, Prussia - child, student, tutor, and then professor of philosophy (and other subjects) - his thought ranged over nearly all the world and even beyond. Reports reveal that he (a bachelor) was an amiable man, highly respected by his students and colleagues, and even loved by his several close friends. He was apparently a man of integrity, both in his personal relations and in his pursuit of knowledge and truth. Despite his somewhat pessimistic attitude toward the moral progress of mankind - judging from past history and contemporary events - he never wavered from a deep-seated faith in the goodness of the human heart, in man's "splendid disposition toward the good.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789400945968
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 21
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Tractatus Brevis -- First Principles of the Metaphysics of Life Charting the Human Condition: Man’s Creative Act and the Origin of Rationalities -- I The Network and Tentacles of Individual Existence -- Man as the Junction of Yin-Yang Relationships and Cosmic Heart: A Phenomeno- logical Interpretation of Some Chinese Ancient Texts about Human Nature -- Mastery in Eternal Recurrence -- The Development of the Sciences in Relation to Human Life: Existence Irreducible to Scientific Vision -- The Problem of the Autonomy of Human Existence in Heidegger’s Later Philosophy -- II Nature, Spirit, Soul -- De la nature à l’esprit par l’expérience humaine -- The Philosophy of Kant and a Theory of Subjectivity -- Human Nature and Mind in Martin Heidegger -- The Nature-Being Principle: A Consideration from Chu Hsi -- III The Spatio-Temporal Arteries of Individual Existence -- Du corps à la chair: Maurice Merleau-Ponty -- Toward a Genetic Phenomenology of Space Through a Critical Approach to Piaget -- Temps et finitude chez Husserl -- Man and History -- IV Some Further Perspectives Upon the Human Condition -- From Phenomenology to an Axio- Centric Ontology of the Human Condition -- The Human Condition: A Perspectival View -- “Thinking” in a World of Appearances: Hannah Arendt between Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger -- The Hero as the Spiritual Legacy of His Culture: Wen T’ien-Hsiang and His Admirers -- The Piety of Thinking: Heidegger’s Pathway to Comparative Philosophy -- The Modern Age as a Transitional Period: An Essay on Metaphenomenology -- Closure -- The Interdisciplinary Phenomenology of Man and of the Human Condition: A Dialogue between Chinese and Occidental Philosophy in Meeting the Challenge of Our Times -- Index of Names.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945203
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 33
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One: Introduction -- Two: Passivity and Activity in Intentional Action -- Three: Intending, Judging, and the Cognitive Model -- Four: Further and Future Intentions -- Five: Expressions of Intention -- Six: Intentions: The Structures -- Seven: Intentions: The Contents -- Eight: Dynamics of Intentional Action -- Nine: Agency and Psychological Causation -- Ten: Questions and Some Answers -- Eleven: Activity and Development -- Twelve: Overview -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The powers of seeing, hearing, re­ membering, distinguishing, judging, reason­ ing, are speculative powers; the power of ex­ ecuting any work of art or labour is active power. Thomas Reid I Some causal efficacy is due to persons. And, some of the causal efficacy due to persons is imparted by, not merely to, them. Further, some of the causal efficacy due to persons and imparted by them is imparted by and not merely to their physical, active bodies. Otherwise there is no agency. I will assume, with everyone at the outset, that the world contains agency of the kind found in some of a person's comings and goings, movings and changing of things. Agency is exhibited in more and in less sophisticated forms, that is, in any sophisticated, artful activity and in less complex, non-articulate physical activities. In both there appears to be more than mere causal efficacy imparted to the environment by a person. In sophisticated agen­ cy activities are organized, guided, purposive and purposeful comings and goings, movings and changes. And purpose is not absent in less soph­ isticated purposive activities of active creatures. So I shall argue in what follows. Now is the time for introducing the themes, topics, and issues to be considered, and the plan and purpose in them.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945265
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 34
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I: Justification and the Regress Problem -- 1. Justification and Truth -- 2. Justification and Probability -- 3. Justification and Knowledge -- 4. The Epistemic Regress Problem -- II: Epistemic Contextualism: Justification Via the Unjustified -- 1. Contextualism and Scientific Justification -- 2. Contextualism Without a Scientific Community -- 3. Contextualism and Skepticism -- 4. The Inadequacy of Contextualism -- III: Epistemic Coherentism: “Circles” of Justification -- 1. Negative Coherentism -- 2. Positive Coherentism -- 3. The Inadequacy of Coherentism -- IV. Epistemic Foundationalism (I): Infinite Regresses, Externalism, and Reliabilism -- 1. Infinite Regresses of Justification -- 2. Epistemic Foundationalism -- 3. Concluding Remarks -- V: Epistemic Foundationalism (II): Epistemic Intuitionism -- 1. Intuitionism and Immediate Justification -- 2. Justifying Nonfoundational Observation Beliefs -- 3. General Summary and Conclusion -- VI. Epilogue: The epistemic and the Rational -- 1. Rational Conflicts -- 2. Three Kinds of Rationality -- 3. All-Things-Considered Rationality -- Select Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Broadly speaking, this is a book about truth and the criteria thereof. Thus it is, in a sense, a book about justification and rationality. But it does not purport to be about the notion of justification or the notion of rationality. For the assumption that there is just one notion of justification, or just one notion of rationality, is, as the book explains, very misleading. Justification and rationality come in various kinds. And to that extent, at least, we should recognize a variety of notions of justification and rationality. This, at any rate, is one of the morals of Chapter VI. This book, in Chapters I-V, is mainly concerned with the kind of justification and rationality characteristic of a truth-seeker, specifically a seeker of truth about the world impinging upon the senses: the so-called empirical world. Hence the book's title. But since the prominent contemporary approaches to empirical justification are many and varied, so also are the epistemological issues taken up in the following chapters. For instance, there will be questions about so-called coherence and its role, if any, in empirical justification. And there will be questions about social consensus (whatever it is) and its significance, or the lack thereof, to empirical justification. Furthermore, the perennial question of whether, and if so how, empirical knowledge has so-called founda­ tions will be given special attention.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 238 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Profiles, An International Series on Contemporary Philosophers and Logicians 7
    Series Statement: Profiles 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Self-Profile -- Chisholm on Intentionality, Thought, and Reference -- States of Affairs -- The Objects of Perception -- Chisholm on Certainty -- Chisholm’s Theory of Action -- Replies -- Three -- Bibliography of Roderick Chisholm -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aim of this series is to inform both professional philosophers and a larger readership (of social and natural scientists, methodologists, mathematicians, students, teachers, publishers, etc. ) about what is going on, who's who, and who does what in contemporary philosophy and logic. PROFILES is designed to present the research activity and the results of already outstanding personalities and schools and of newly emerging ones in the various fields of philosophy and logic. There are many Festschrift volumes dedicated to various philosophers. There is the celebrated Library oj Living Phi/osophers edited by P. A. Schilpp whose format influenced the present enterprise. Still they can only cover very little of the contemporary philosophical scene. Faced with a tremendous expansion of philosophical information and with an almost frightening division of labor and increasing specialization we need systematic and regular ways of keeping track of wh at happens in the profession. PRO­ FILES is intended to perform such a function. Each volume is devoted to one or several philosophers whose views and results are presented and discussed. The profiled philosopher(s) will summarize and review his (their) own work in the main fields of signifi­ cant contribution. This work will be discussed and evaluated by invited contributors. Relevant historical and/or biographical data, an up-to­ date bibliography with short abstracts of the most important works and, whenever possible, references to significant reviews and discussions will also be included.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400947986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 273 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 29
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One Metaphysics: Comparison with Leibniz and Locke -- The Phenomenalisms of Leibniz and Berkeley -- Something-I-Know-Not-What: Berkeley on Locke on Substance -- Two Thought And Reference: I. Abstract Ideas -- Berkeley’s Anti-Abstractionism -- Berkeley’s Objection to Abstract Ideas and Unconceived Objects -- Three Thought And Reference: II. Imagination and Archetypes -- Berkeley’s Imagination -- Berkeley on “Archetype” -- Four Epistemology: God and Matter -- Divine Ideas and Berkeley’s Proofs of God’s Existence -- Berkeley’s Divine Language Argument -- Berkeley and Epistemology -- Five Perception: Visuals and Immediate Perception -- On the Status of Visuals in Berkeley’s New Theory of Vision -- Berkeley and Immediate Perception -- Six Historical Scholarship: Interpretation and Reception -- A New Approach to Berkeley’s Philosophical Notebooks -- On the Early Reception of Berkeley in Germany -- Index of Personal Names.
    Abstract: A tercentenary conference of March, 1985, drew to Newport, Rhode Island, nearly all the most distinguished Berkeley scholars now active. The conference was organized by the International Berkeley Society, with the support of several institutions and many people (whose help is acknowl­ edged below). This volume represents a selection of the lead papers deliv­ ered at that conference, most now revised. The Cartesian marriage of Mind and Body has proved an uneasy union. Each side has claimed supremacy and usurped the rights of the other. In anglophone philosophy Body has lately had it all pretty much its own way, most dramatically in the Disappearance Theory of Mind, whose varieties vary in appeal and sophistication, but uniformly shock sensibili­ ties. Only recently has Mind reasserted itself, yet the voices of support are already a swelling chorus. "Welcome," Berkeley would respond, since " ... all the choir of heaven and furniture of the earth ... have not a subsis­ tence without a mind ... " (Principles, sect. 6). In fairness, Berkeley does playa Disappearance trick of his own - with Matter now into the hat. But his act is far subtler than any brute denial of the obvious, and seeks rather to explain than bluntly to reject. Perhaps we are today better prepared to appreciate his insights.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789400943605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Nietzsche and the Method of Philosophy -- Nietzsche on Philosophy, Interpretation, and Truth -- Nietzsche, Hume, and the Genealogical Method -- Nietzsche and the Project of Bringing Philosophy to an End -- Nietzsche and Contemporary Hermeneutics -- II. Varieties of Nietzsche’s Affirmation -- A More Severe Morality: Nietzsche’s Affirmative Ethics -- Will to Knowledge, Will to Ignorance, and Will to Power in Beyond Good and Evil -- The Socratic Nietzsche -- Nietzsche’s Concept of Education -- Nietzsche’s Style of Affirmation: The Metaphors of Genealogy -- Nietzsche: Psychology vs. Philosophy, and Freedom -- Nietzsche’s Enticing Psychology of Power -- III. Nietzschean Affinities and Confrontations -- Nietzsche and Spinoza: amor fati and amor dei -- Nietzsche und Heine. Kritik des christlichen Gottesbegriffs -- Nietzsche—Wagner im Sommer 1878.
    Abstract: The full century that has elapsed since Nietzsche was at the height of his work did not obliterate his impact. In many ways he is still a contemporary philosopher, even in that sense of 'contemporary' which points to the future. We may have outgrown his style (always, however, admirable and exciting to read), his sense of drama, his creative exaggeration, his sometimes flamboy­ ant posture of a rebel wavering between the heroic and the puerile. Yet Nietzsche's critique of transcendental values and, especially, his attack on the inherited conceptions of rationality remain pertinent and continue to pro­ voke anew cultural critique or dissent. Today Nietzsche is no longer discussed apologetically, nor is his radicalism shunned or suppressed. That his work remains the object of extremely diverse readings is befitting a philosopher who replaced the concept of truth with that of interpretation. It is, indeed, around the concept of interpretation that much of the rem:wed interest in Nietzsche seems to center today. Special emphasis is being laid on his manner of doing philosophy, and his views on interpretation and the genealogical method are often re-read in the context of contemporary hermeneutics and "deconstructionist" positions.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789401096249
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idees 113
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 113
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Notes -- Historical Background -- University and Fraternity (Burschenschaft) -- Hegel’s position and reaction -- Hegel’s targets -- Notes -- Schematic Rendition of the Preface -- Notes -- Commentary on the Preface -- Paragraph 1–2 (p. III–IV) -- Paragraph 3 (p. IV–V) -- Paragraph 4 (p. VI–VII) -- Paragraph 5 (p. VII) -- Paragraph 6 (p. VII–VIII) -- Paragraph 7 (p. VIII–X) -- Paragraph 8 (p. X–XIII) -- Paragraph 9 (p. XIII–XIV) -- Paragraph 10 (p. XIV–XVI) -- Paragraph 11 (p. XVI–XVIII) -- Paragraph 12 (p. XVIII–XIX) -- Paragraph 13 (p. XIX–XXI) -- Paragraph 14 (p. XXI) -- Paragraph 15 (p. XXI–XXII) -- Paragraph 16 (p. XXII) -- Paragraph 17 (p. XXII) -- Paragraph 18 (p. XXII–XXIII) -- Paragraph 19 (p. XXIII–XXIV) -- Paragraph 20 (p. XXIV) -- Notes.
    Abstract: There is a didactical as well as a philosophical importance to providing a commentary on the Preface to Hegel's handbook on the philosophy of right. Considering the fact that the text brings us the thought of a great and difficult philosopher in a non-rigorous, "exoteric" way, it is well suited to the task of introducing students to the world of think­ ing. It is, however, too difficult to do this without being supplemented by some explanation. Analysis and hints for further study are necessi­ tated here by both the interweaving of political and philosophical viewpoints and the philosophical presuppositions with which this Preface is full. The philosophical importance of a commentary on Hegel's text can be found partially in the incessant quotation of the Preface in the literature on Hegel's philosophy to justify very different and contra­ dictory interpretations. As long as the specialists do not agree about the meaning of the Preface to the Philosophy of Right, anyone trying to explain it cannot avoid the task of making his or her own contribu­ tion to the philosophical debate concerning the nature and content of Hegel's work.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945340
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (460p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Profiles, An International Series on Contemporary Philosophers and Logicians 6
    Series Statement: Profiles 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One -- Self-Profile -- Two -- Casta?eda’s Ontology -- Mind and Guise: Castaneda’s Philosophy of Mind in the World Order -- Castaneda’s Philosophy of Language -- Castaneda’s Theory of Knowing -- Thinking-to-Be and Thinking-to-Do: Some Remarks on Casta?eda on Believing and Intending -- Good Samaritans and Castaneda’s System of Deontic Logic -- Casta?eda’s Theory of Deontic Meaning and Truth -- Casta?eda Theory of Morality -- Casta?eda on Plato, Leibniz, and Kant -- Replies -- Three -- Philosophical Bibliography of Hector-Neri Casta?Eda -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aim of this series is to inform both professional philosophers and a larger readership (of social and natural scientists, methodologists, mathematicians, students, teachers, publishers, etc.) about what is going on, who's who, and who does what in contemporary philosophy and PROFILES is designed to present the research activity and the logic. results of already outstanding personalities and schools and of newly emerging ones in the various fields of philosophy and logic. There are many Festschrift volumes dedicated to various philosophers. There is the celebrated Library of Living Philosophers edited by P. A. Schipp whose format influenced the present enterprise. Still they can only cover very little of the contemporary philosophical scene. Faced with a tremendous expansion of philosophical information and with an almost frightening division of labor and increasing specialization we need systematic and regular ways of keeping track of what happens in the profession. PROFILES is intended to perform such a function. Each volume is devoted to one or several philosophers whose views and results are presented and discussed. The profiled philosopher(s) will summarize and review his (their) own work in the main fields of significant contribution. This work will be discussed and evaluated by invited contributors. Relevant historical and/or biographical data, an up-to-date bibliography with short abstracts of the most important works and, whenever possible, references to significant reviews and discussion will also be included.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789400944541
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: Can the Dichotomy of Fact and Value Be Maintained? Introductory Survey -- Dubious Doubts -- Is and Ought -- Fact and Value in History -- Historical Discourse as Fact-Bound Fiction -- Scientific Practice and Responsibility -- Normative and Evaluative Aspects of Philosophical Propositions -- Phenomenology and the Non-Theoretical Paul Ricoeur -- Life; A Story in Search of a Narrator -- On the Relation of Art and Philosophy -- Mimesis and Expression; A Comparative Study in Aesthetics -- Knowledge and Action; Facts and Values in Neo-Confucianism -- Facts and Values; An Islamic Approach -- Unity and Value in African Thought -- The Concept of Dharma -- Values as Facts: A Hindu Perspective -- A Dynamic Anthropology in a Decisive Epoch -- Notes on contributors -- Abstracts.
    Abstract: The answer to philosophical questions will often depend on the position one takes regarding the fact-value problem. It is, therefore, not surprising that, in the tradition of western philosophy, the past 200 years or so record an animated discussion of it. In the present collection the debate is continued by representatives of various "schools" in contemporary western thought. A number of philosophers from non-western cultures, too, enter into it. The contributions do not all reflect on the same theme, nor do they use the same approach. Essays written by philosophers sympathetic to the analytical tradition are followed by reflections on the part of those inspired by phe­ nomenology. A third group of contributions is by non-western thinkers, who are more likely to approach the problem in terms of culture. Their engage­ ment with the issue clearly shows, among other things, that it is almost exclusively in the western tradition that the fact-value distinction is often understood as an outright dichotomy. The occasion for the publication of this collection is Dr. Cornelis Anthonie van Peursen's retirement as Professor of Philosophy. This year he leaves the Free University, Amsterdam; until 1982 he was professor at the University of Leyden as well. In the Netherlands and beyond he has become known for his concern with constructive comparison of diverging philosophical trends and the cross-cultural fertilization of thought. Characteristic of his career are his efforts to render the results of academic philosophizing understand­ able to a broader audience.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789401729666
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 153
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Featuring the Gestalt Model and the Perspectivist conception of science, this book is unique in its non-relativistic development of the idea that successive scientific theories are logically incommensurable. This edition includes four new appendices in which the central ideas of the book are applied to subatomic physics, the distinction between laws and theories, the relation between absolute and relative conceptions of space, and the environmental issue of sustainable development
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789400946668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Regional planning ; Philosophy, modern ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: 1. The Historical Background -- 2. Bhart?hari on Individuals and Universals -- Translations from the J?tisamudde?a -- 3. Dign?ga against Bhart?hari -- Translations from the Pram?nasamuccaya, Chapter 5 -- 4. Dign?ga -- Translations from Pram?nasamuccaya, Chapter 2.8–11 -- Translations from Slokav?rttika 5.4. 34–47 -- Translations from Pram?nasamuccaya 2.30–36 -- 5. Dharmak?rti -- Conclusion -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: The Viikyapadiya of Bhartrhari and the Pramii1Jasamuccaya of Dignaga • are seminal texts in the history of ancient Indian philosophy. One text deals with grammar, the other with logic, both are the work of committed metaphysicians. Written within a span of less than a hundred years, between the fifth and the sixth centuries A.D., these texts have generally been treated separately, as representing independent schools of thought. This essay attempts to interpret these texts jointly, as a dialogue between a grammarian and a logician. This way of approaching these texts highlights unexpected facets of Bhartrhari's and Dignaga's theories of language and is intended to identify the individual achievements of each. Above all, this treatment is an exercise in writing the intellectual history of a period in time, rather than a history of a school of philosophy. The prevailing view of Bhartrhari holds that his linguistic techniques are not intrinsic to his metaphysics. The conclusions reached in the present essay are that Bhartrhari's metaphysics underlie his linguistic techniques and articulate their presuppositions. The prevailing view of Dignaga maintains that for him language deals with illusory entities and must falsify what is real. The conclusions reached in the present essay are that Dignaga's logical rules are designed to ensure that in using language one is not committed to a belief in fictional entities. My debt to modern scholarship in the field is considerable.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950870
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Seconde édition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 1
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Table des Matières -- Chapitre 1 Le Carla; le Milieu Familial 1647–1668 -- Chapitre 2 Le Carla; la Formation 1647–1668 -- Chapitre 3 Puylaurens; Toulouse; la Conversion au Catholicisme 1668–1670 -- Chapitre 4 Toulouse; le Retour à la Réforme 1670 -- Chapitre 5 Genève, Rouen, Paris; le Précepteur 1670–1675 -- Chapitre 6 Sedan; le Professeur de Philosophie 1675–1681 -- Chapitre 7 Rotterdam; les Nouvelles de la République des Lettres 1681–1685 -- Chapitre 8 Rotterdam; l’Avis important aux Réfugiez 1685–1693 -- Chapitre 9 Rotterdam; le Dictionnaire Historique et Critique 1693–1706 -- Appendice -- Additions à la première édition -- Index des additions.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789400951990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 29
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: Zeno’s Stricture and Predication in Plato, Aristotle, and Plotinus -- Form and Predication in Aristotle’s Metaphysics -- Forms and Compounds -- On the Origins of Some Aristotelian Theses About Predication -- Plato’s Third Man Argument and the ‘Platonism’ of Aristotle -- Things versus ‘Hows’, or Ockham on Predication and Ontology -- Buridan’s Ontology -- Phenomenalism, Relations, and Monadic Representation: Leibniz on Predicate Levels -- Predication, Truth, and Transworld Identity in Leibniz -- Towards a Theory of Predication -- On the Origins of Some Aristotelian Theses About Predication: Appendix on The Third Man Argument’ -- Alan Code -- Notes on the Contributors -- Index of Labeled Expressions -- Name Index.
    Abstract: One of the earliest and most influential treatises on the subject of this volume is Aristotle's Categories. Aristotle's title is a form of the Greek verb for speaking against or submitting an accusation in a legal proceeding. By the time of Aristotle, it also meant: to signify or to predicate. Surprisingly, the "predicates" Aristotle talks about include not only bits of language, but also such nonlinguistic items as the color white in a body and the knowledge of grammar in a man's soul. (Categories I/ii) Equally surprising are such details as Aristotle's use of the terms 'homonymy' and 'synonymy' in connection with things talked about rather than words used to talk about them. Judging from the evidence in the Organon, the Metaphysics, and elsewhere, Aristotle was both aware of and able to mark the distinction between using and men­ tioning words; and so we must conclude that in the Categories, he was not greatly concerned with it. For our purposes, however, it is best to treat the term 'predication' as if it were ambiguous and introduce some jargon to disambiguate it. Code, Modrak, and other authors of the essays which follow use the terms 'linguistic predication' and 'metaphysical predication' for this.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789400953390
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 32
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One: Introduction: The Immortal Chimpanzee at its Typewriter -- A. Plenitude and the Temporal-Frequency Model of the Modalities -- B. Plenitude and Atomist Cosmology? -- C. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Two: The Legacy of Aristotle -- A. Pitfalls -- B. Three Types of Necessity -- C. Aristotle’s Fundamental Modal Principle -- D. Absolute Necessity and the Ultimate Mover -- E. Aristotle and Determinism -- F. The Energeia-Kin?sis Distinction and Aristotelian Determinism -- G. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Three: Diodorean Fatalism -- A. Diodorus the Megarian? -- B. Diodorus’Denial of Motion -- C. Diodorus’ Account of the Alethic Modalities and His Fatalism -- D. The Master Argument and Diodorean Fatalism -- E. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Four: Chrysippus’ Compatibilism -- A. The Avoidance of Necessity and Retention of Fate -- B. “Obscure Causes” and Chrysippus’ Compatibilism -- C. “What Is Up to Us” and Fate -- D. Chrysippean and Spinozistic Reconciliationism -- E. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Five: Peripatetic Polemics -- A. Stoic and Peripatetic Conceptions of Heimarmen? -- B. Causal/Temporal Sequences: Stoic and Peripatetic Conceptions -- C. A Fronte Conditional Necessity -- D. A Tergo Conditional Necessity -- E. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Six: Cosmic Cycles, Time, and Determinism -- A. Two Versions of Cosmic Cycles -- B. Cosmic Cycles and the Temporal-Frequency Model of the Modalities -- C. Cosmic Cycles and the Actuality of the Future -- D. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Seven: Plotinus and Human Autonomy -- A. Book III of the Nicomachean Ethics and its Aftermath -- B. A Stoic Metaphysical Move -- C. Moral Responsibility and Aristotle’s Predicament -- D. Plotinus and Ennead 3 -- E. Plotinus and Ennead 6 -- F. The Constative and Performative Views of Responsibility-Attribution -- G. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Eight: Philosophical Postscript -- A. The Temporal-Frequency Model of the Alethic Modalities -- B. Responsibility and Determinism -- Notes -- Notes -- Index Locorum -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: It is not very surprising that it was no less true in antiquity than it is today that adult human beings are held to be responsible for most of their actions. Indeed, virtually all cultures in all historical periods seem to have had some conception of human agency which, in the absence of certain responsibility-defeating conditions, entails such responsibility. Few philosophers have had the temerity to maintain that this entailment is trivial because such responsibility-defeating conditions are always present. Another not very surprising fact is that ancient thinkers tended to ascribe integrality to "what is" (to on). That is, they typically regarded "what is" as a cosmos or whole with distinguishable parts that fit together in some coherent or cohesive manner, rather than either as a "unity" with no parts or as a collection containing members (ta onta or "things that are") standing in no "natural" relations to one another. 1 The philoso­ phical problem of determinism and responsibility may, I think, best be characterized as follows: it is the problem of preserving the phenomenon of human agency (which would seem to require a certain separateness of individual human beings from the rest of the cosmos) when one sets about the philosophical or scientific task of explaining the integrality of "what is" by means of the development of a theory of causation or explanation ( concepts that came to be lumped together by the Greeks under the term "aitia") .
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789400952812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (353p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: of Epistemology III -- 1. The Chasm between S&T and the Humanities -- 2. Bridging the Chasm -- 3. Towards a Useful PS&T -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- 1. Formal Science: From Logic to Mathematics -- 1. Generalities -- 2. Mathematics and Reality -- 3. Logic -- 4. Pure and Applied Mathematics -- 5. Foundations and Philosophy -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- 2. Physical Science: From Physics to Earth Science -- 1. Preliminaries -- 2. Two Classics -- 3. Two Relativities -- 4. Quantons -- 5. Chance -- 6. Realism and Classicism -- 7. Chemistry -- 8. Megaphysics -- 9. Concluding Remarks -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aims of this Introduction are to characterize the philosophy of science and technology, henceforth PS & T, to locate it on the map ofiearning, and to propose criteria for evaluating work in this field. 1. THE CHASM BETWEEN S & T AND THE HUMANITIES It has become commonplace to note that contemporary culture is split into two unrelated fields: science and the rest, to deplore this split - and to do is some truth in the two cultures thesis, and even nothing about it. There greater truth in the statement that there are literally thousands of fields of knowledge, each of them cultivated by specialists who are in most cases indifferent to what happens in the other fields. But it is equally true that all fields of knowledge are united, though in some cases by weak links, forming the system of human knowledge. Because of these links, what advances, remains stagnant, or declines, is the entire system of S & T. Throughout this book we shall distinguish the main fields of scientific and technological knowledge while at the same time noting the links that unite them.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (225p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Self. ; Philosophy of mind.
    Abstract: 1. Third World Epistemology -- 2. Psychoanalysis, Pseudo-Science and Testability -- 3. Popper and the Mind-Body Problem -- 4. Social Facts and Psychological Facts -- 5. Methodological Individualism: An Incongruity in Popper’s Philosophy -- 6. Popper and Liberalism -- 7. Making Sense of Critical Dualism -- 8. Beyond Cultural Relativism -- 9. Good and Bad Arguments against Historicism -- 10. Popper’s Critique of Marx’s Method -- 11. Popper and German Social Philosophy -- 12. Socrates and Democracy -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Although Sir Karl Popper's contributions to a number of diverse areas of philosophy are widely appreciated, serious criticism of his work has tended to focus on his philosophy of the natural sciences. This volume contains twelve critical essays on Popper's contribution to what we have called the 'human sciences' , a category broad enough to include not only Popper's views on the methods of the social sciences but also his views on the relation of mind and body, Freud's psychology, and the status of cultural objects. Most of our contributors are philosophers whose own work stands outside the Popperian framework. We hope that this has resulted in a volume whose essays confront not merely the details of Popper's argu­ ments but also the very presuppositions of his thinking. With one exception, the essays appear here for the first time. The exception is L.J. Cohen's paper, which is a revised and considerably expanded ver­ sion of a paper first published in the British Journalfor the Philosophy of Science for June 1980. We would like to thank Loraine Hawkins and Jane Hogg for their editorial assistance and June O'Donnell for typing various manuscripts and all the correspondence which a volume of essays entails.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: History, Historicism, and Hermeneutics -- One British Idealism and the Philosophy of History: Sources of Sustenance -- Two Historians of Political Thought and Their Critics: Sources of Anxiety -- Three Philosophical History: W.H. Greenleaf and the Study of the History of Political Thought -- Four The Priority of Paradigms: The Pocock Alternative -- Five The View from the Inside: Skinner and the Priority of Retrieving Authorial Intentions -- Assessment and Conclusion.
    Abstract: The methodology of the study of the history of political thought is an area of study which has occupied my interests for nearly a decade. I was introduced to the subject in University College, Swansea. My teachers there provided me with an excellent grounding in political studies. I am particularly indebted to Bruce Haddock, Peter Nicholson and W. H. Greenleaf. Professor Greenleaf was kind enough to supply me with a copy of his bibliography and copies of two of his unpublished papers. I continued to pursue my interest in methodology at the London School of Economics and Political Science. I am indebted to Ken Minogue and Robert Orr who taught me there. My greatest debt is to Dr. Joseph Femia ofthe University of Liverpool who devoted a great deal of time to considering the arguments presented here. His criticisms and suggestions for improvement proved to be invaluable. I would also like to thank Alan Ryan for his general comments and encouraging advice. It would be remiss of me if I neglected to express my gratitude to Dewi Beynon who was my first teacher of politics. The research for this project was carried out in the following places; The British Library of Political Science, London; The Sidney Jones Library, University of Liverpool; The National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh; The Main Library, University of Edinburgh; The Arts and Social Science Library, University College, Cardiff; and the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952232
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (436p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Profiles, An International Series on Contemporary Philosophers and Logicians 5
    Series Statement: Profiles 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One -- Self-Profile -- Two -- Plantinga on Trans-World Identity -- Plantinga on Possible Worlds -- Plantinga on the Reduction of Possibilist Discourse -- Plantinga’s Theory of Proper Names -- Plantinga and the Philosophy of Mind -- Plantinga on the Problem of Evil -- Plantinga and the Ontological Argument -- Plantinga on Foreknowledge and Freedom -- Plantinga’s Epistemology of Religious Belief -- Replies -- Three -- Bibliography of Alvin Plantinga -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aim of this series is to inform both professional philosophers and a larger readership (of social and natural scientists, methodologists, mathematicians, students, teachers, publishers, etc.) about what is going on, who's who, and who does what in contemporary philosophy and logic. PROFILES is designed to present the research activity and the results of already outstanding personalities and schools and of newly emerging ones in the various fields of philosophy and logic. There are many Festschrift volumes dedicated to various philosophers. There is the celebrated Library of Living Philosophers edited by P. A. Schilpp whose format influenced the present enterprise. Still they can only cover very little of the contemporary philosophical scene. Faced with a tremendous expansion of philosophical information and with an almost frightening division of labor and increasing specialization we need systematic and regular ways of keeping track of what happens in the profession. PROFILES is intended to perform such a function. Each volume is devoted to one or several philosophers whose views and results are presented and discussed. The profiled philosopher(s) will summarize and review his (their) own work in the main fields of significant contribution. This work will be discussed and evaluated by invited contributors. Relevant historical and/or biographical data, an up-to-date bibliography with short abstracts of the most important works and, whenever possible, references to significant reviews and discussions will also be included.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789400952874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: of Epistemology III -- 3. Life Science: From Biology to Psychology -- 1. Life and its Study -- 2. Two Classics -- 3. Two Moderns -- 4. Brain and Mind -- 5. Strife Over Mind -- 6. From Biology to Sociology -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- 4. Social Science: From Anthropology to History -- 1. Society and its Study -- 2. Anthropology -- 3. Linguistics -- 4. Sociology and Politology -- 5. Economics -- 6. History -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- 5. Technology: from Engineering to Decision Theory -- 1. Generalities -- 2. Classical Technologies -- 3. Information Technology -- 4. Sociotechnology -- 5. General Technology -- 6. Technology in Society -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 108
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 108
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Algebraic Calculation of the Rainbow -- To the Reader -- Calculation of the Rainbow -- Calculation of Chances -- First proposition -- Second proposition -- The Text -- Appendix: The authenticity and significance of the texts on the rainbow and probability -- A. Spinoza’s contemporaries -- B. The 1687 edition -- C. Background and editorial work since 1860 -- D. The significance.
    Abstract: A. THE TEXT The main importance of these two treatises lies in the insight they provide into Spinoza's conception of the relation between mathematics and certain disciplines not touched upon elsewhere in his major writings. The mathematics they involve are not the as those of the Ethics however, and the precise connection same between the geometrical order of this work and these excursions into optics and probability is by no means obvious. Add to this difficulty the knotty problems presented by their editorial his­ tory, dating and scientific background, and it is not perhaps surprising that in spite of the fact that they provide such an excellent illustration of Spinoza's reaction to certain important developments in the history of physics and mathematics, they should not, so far, have attracted much attention. They were first published in 1687 by Levyn van Dyck (d. 1695), official printer to the town council in The Hague. Printing anything by Spinoza was not without its risks, and it is probably significant that during the same year van Dyck should also have published a lengthy and elaborate refutation of Spinozism by 1 the pious and eccentric physician ]. F. Helvetius. Spinoza's name was omitted from the title-page, possibly because the editor or publisher thought that his reputation as an atheist might prejudice the sale of the booklet, and it was not until 1860 that the Amsterdam bookseller Frederik Muller (1817-1881) identified him as its author.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789400953949
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Regional planning ; Philosophy, modern ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: I: N?ge?a’s Interpretation of the BP -- 1. The Structure of N?ge?a’s discussion -- 2. The Meanings of A?ga -- 3. The Justifications of the Paribh??? -- 4. Restrictions on the Use of the BP -- 5. The Two-Word Principle -- 6. Summary and Illustrations -- II: More from the P? on PAR. L -- 7. Some Difficult Passages in the Discussion of Par. L (I) -- 8. Some Difficult Passages in the Discussion of Par. L (II) -- 9. Vaidyan?tha P?yagu??a and ?e??drisudh? -- 10. An Apparent Contradiction Resolved -- 11. Excursus: On the Development of Certain of N?ge?a’s Ideas Regarding the Philosophy of Grammar -- 12. A Use of BP2 in the Context of BP1 -- III: The Remainder of the P? -- 13. Par. LI -- 14. Further Passages from the P? -- IV: What Went Wrong? -- 15. Vaidyan?tha P?yagu??a on Par. L -- 16. Concluding Remarks -- Appendices -- I. The Original Text of the Paribh??endu?ekhara on Par. L -- III. On the Relative Chronology of N?ge?a’s Grammatical Works -- IV. Changes in N?ge?a’s Opinions Regarding the BP and the NP -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book was written as a doctoral thesis. It was submitted to and accepted by the University of Poona in 1979. Several people contributed to the creation of this book, in various ways. Prof. S. D. Joshi, my supervisor, introduced me to the study of the Sanskrit grammatical tradition. His unfailing skepticism towards and disagreement with the ideas worked out in this book contributed more to their development than he may have been aware. Prof. Paul Kiparsky gave encouragement when this was badly needed. In the years following 1979 Dr. Dominik Wujastyk was kind enough to read the manuscript and suggest improvements in language and style. To all of these lowe a debt of gratitude, but most of all lowe such a debt to Pandit Shivarama Krishna Shastri. In the course of several years he read with me many portions of Nagesa's grammatical and other works, and much besides. His ability to understand difficult grammatical and philosophical texts in Sanskrit was unequalled, and without his help it would have taken far longer to write this book and indeed might very well have proved impossible. Shivarama Krishna Shastri never saw the result of our reading; he died before this book could appear in print. I dedicate it to his memory. J. BRONKHORST Xl INTRODUCTION In the following pages an attempt will be made to establish that the part of Nagesa's Paribha$endusekhara (PS) which deals with Par.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789401714563
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (III, 484 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: On Inductive Support and Some Recent Tricks -- Inductive Inference in the Limit -- Probability and Laws -- Commensurability, Incommensurability and Cumulativity in Scientific Knowledge -- Social Habits and Enlightened Cooperation: Do Humans Measure Up to Lewis Conventions? -- Theoretical Terms and Bridge Principles: A Critique of Hempel’s (Self-) Criticisms -- On Reduction of Theories -- Reflexive Reflections -- Explaining the Actions of the Explainers -- On Explaining Beliefs -- Explaining the Unpredictable -- The Logician’s Dilemma: Deductive Logic, Inductive Inference and Logical Empiricism -- Explanation in Physical Cosmology: Essay in Honor of C. G. Hempel’s Eightieth Birthday -- Statements and Pictures -- Truth and Best Explanation -- Utility Theory and Preference Logic -- Der erste Wiener Kreis -- Are Synoptic Questions Illegitimate? -- On Determining Dispositions -- Die Logik der Unbestimmtheiten und Paradoxien -- Bemerkungen zur pragmatisch-epistemischen Wende in der Wissenschaftstheoretischen Analyse der Ereigniserklärungen -- Zur Verteidigung einiger Hempelscher Thesen gegen Kritiken Stegmüllers.
    Abstract: Professor C. G. Hempel (known to a host of admirers and friends as 'Peter' Hempel) is one of the most esteemed and best loved philosophers in the If an Empiricist Saint were not somewhat of a Meinongian Impos­ world. sible Object, one might describe Peter Hempel as an Empiricist Saint. In­ deed, he is as admired for his brilliance, intellectual flexibility, and crea­ tivity as he is for his warmth, kindness, and integrity, and does not the presence of so many wonderful qualities in one human being assume the dimensions of an impossibility? But Peter Hempel is not only possible but actual! One of us (Hilary Putnam) remembers vividly the occasion on which he first witnessed Hempel 'in action'. It was 1950, and Quine had begun to attack the analytic/synthetic distinction (a distinction which Carnap and Reichenbach had made a cornerstone, if not the keystone, of Logical Em­ piricist philosophy). Hempel, who is as quick to accept any idea that seems to contain real substance and insight as he is to demolish ideas that are empty or confused, was one of the first leading philosophers outside of Quine's immediate circle to join Quine in his attack. Hempel had come to Los Angeles (where Reichenbach taught) on a visit, and a small group consisting of Reichenbach and a few of his graduate students were gath­ ered together in Reichenbach's home to hear Hempel defend the new posi­ tion.
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